Digital Modulation Simulation Through AWGN Channel and Rayleigh Fading Channel Using Phase Shift Keying
Digital Modulation Simulation Through AWGN Channel and Rayleigh Fading Channel Using Phase Shift Keying
I.
BACKGROUND
Telecommunication
is
a
process
delivering information from transmitter to
receiver through a channel media. Information
that delivered in telecommunication could be
voice, music, photo, or even a video. The growth
of Telecommunication technology and electronic
media give an easier way to spread information
and raising quality parameter to user. One of the
communication system has been developed to
cover
information
spread
is
digital
communication. Communication system that
delivered via a digital channel wont be suffered
from error. Error in digital communication known
as Bit Error Rate. For investigating the
relationship between BER and modulation
performance need some tools to simulate those
process using programs. Many
factor
can
influence performance of digital modulation such
f ( n )=
( )
e
2
2
.................(1)
2=
(2)
Where
N0
2 T b ........................
N 0 kT s B
=
2
2
is
power
spectral
2=
kT s B
2T b .......................
(3)
Where : k = Boltzman constant
(1,38.10-23J/K)
Ts = temperatur noise (K)
B = bandwidth noise (Hz)
Rayleigh fading is a statistical model for
the effect of a propagation environment on a radio
signal, such as that used by wireless devices.
Rayleigh fading models assume that the
magnitude of a signal that has passed through
such a transmission medium (also called a
communications channel) will vary randomly, or
fade, according to a Rayleigh distribution. The
radial component of the sum of two uncorrelated
Gaussian random variables.
Rayleigh fading is viewed as a
reasonable model for tropospheric and
ionospheric signal propagation as well as the
effect of heavily built-up urban environments on
radio signals. Rayleigh fading is most applicable
when there is no dominant propagation along a
line of sight between the transmitter and receiver.
On rayleigh fading, after signal has been
received through diferent channels, it give the
some same energy to composite signal at receiver.
Signal that is influenced by rayleigh fading
comes to the receiver and can be presented with
equations
.
Eb S W
=
No N R ...................
.
(6)
Eb/No = Energy bit per noise (dB)
S
= Signal Energy (watt)
R
= Bit rate (bit/detik)
N
= Power of Noise (watt)
W
= Bandwidth (Hertz)
D. BER (Bit Error Rate)
To measure the quality of a signal one of
which can be seen from the formulation of each
error bit (bit errors) that occur when
transmitting information from the sender to the
receiver by comparing the output data with the
original data or input data(6).
BER =
p ( t )=
(5)
( )
2
2
r
e
2
a
.......
............
...........(7)
BPSK BER theoretical calculations
Rayleigh Fading channel [8].
on
1
1
2
1+
1
Eb / N 0
signal
(8)
b QPSK BER theoretical calculation in Rayleigh
fading channels [9].
1
1
2
1+
1
Eb/ N0
(9)
E. Montecarlo
Monter Carlo simulation is a simple
simulation method that can be built quickly using
a spreadsheet. Development in the Monte Carlo
simulation method based on probabilities derived
from historical data of an event and its frequency
by the equation(4):
Pi =
(10)
fi
n ...........................................
Designing
generation
QPSK
modulation
signal
= Frequently of I occurred
2. Modulasi QPSK
The picture below shows a comparison
of chart testing QPSK modulation when passed
only through the AWGN channel only, rayleigh
fading channel alone and the combination of
both channels. For QPSK modulation BER
values are passed through AWGN channel and
rayleigh fading is incorporated worst among the
two earlier tests in this test because its BER
value at least as impaired as the SNR value
addition.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
IV. Conclusion
1 BER value of simulation and theoretical BER
values did not experience a significant
difference. In some SNR values with the same
simulated BER values, it has even better than
the BER value theory. It is because the bits or
symbols which raised the software code using a
8.
9.
References
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