United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit

681 F.
2d 66
The Conjugal Society Composed of Juvenal Rosa, Pedro &

Amador DE ROSA, Rosa, Rosario, Juvenal Rosa, Pedro
& Amador De Rosa, Rosario, Individually,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
CHICAGO TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY, First Federal
Savings and
Loan Association of Puerto Rico, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 81-1802.
United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

Argued April 6, 1982.
Decided June 22, 1982.
Harry Segarra Arroyo, with whom Law Office of Harvey B. Nachman,

Santurce, P. R., was on brief, for plaintiffs, appellants.
Stanley R. Segal, with whom Ramirez, Segal & Latimer, San Juan, P. R.,
was on brief, for defendant, appellee First Federal Sav. and Loan Ass'n of
Puerto Rico.
Ana Matilde Nin, with whom McConnell, Valdes, Kelley, Sifre, Griggs &
Ruiz-Suria, San Juan, P. R., was on brief, for defendant, appellee Chicago
Title Ins. Co.
Before COFFIN, Chief Judge, BOWNES and BREYER, Circuit Judges.
BOWNES, Circuit Judge.
This case raises the question whether a suit attacking the cancellation of a
performance bond and other guaranties during the foreclosure of a mortgage
arises out of a transaction 'involving . . . banking' within the meaning of the
jurisdictional statute 12 U.S.C. Sec. 632.1
Appellants, plaintiffs below, are Pedro Juvenal Rosa and Rosario Amador de
Rosa, suing individually and as a conjugal society. They allege that they sold a
parcel of land to Torre de Caparra Corp. (TCC), receiving cash and a first
mortgage in the amount of $111,500 at six percent interest. TCC also
mortgaged the property to Continental Mortgage Investors and one of the
defendant-appellees, Chicago Title Insurance Co. (CTI). Under its mortgage,
CTI guaranteed completion of construction of an apartment building on the
land and issued a performance bond with a third party beneficiary clause in
favor of plaintiffs guaranteeing that plaintiffs would collect their mortgage
credits. Plaintiffs allege that on the basis of CTI's representations about these
guaranties, they subordinated their mortgage to that of CTI. TCC then entered
into a refinancing agreement with the other defendant-appellee, First Federal
Savings & Loan Association of Puerto Rico (First Federal). Plaintiffs
subordinated their mortgage to First Federal's new mortgage on the condition
that the performance bond and guaranties of completion by CTI would remain
in effect. Defendants, according to plaintiffs, then cancelled the bond and
guaranties. First Federal foreclosed on its mortgage; plaintiffs received nothing.
3
Plaintiffs brought suit in federal court, asserting that jurisdiction lay under 28
U.S.C. Sec. 1332 (diversity) and 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1337 (federal statutes
regulating commerce). They later amended the complaint to add an additional
jurisdictional ground, 12 U.S.C. Sec. 632. The district court denied jurisdiction
under section 1332 because of lack of complete diversity and under section
1337 because plaintiffs asserted no claim under a federal statute. As to section
632, the district court determined that it did not apply because Puerto Rico is
not 'a dependency or insular possession of the United States' for purposes of
acts relating to national banks. Conjugal Soc'y v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 497
F.Supp. 41 (D.P.R.1979). We reversed on the section 632 ruling. Conjugal
Soc'y v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 646 F.2d 688 (1st Cir. 1981) (per curiam); see
First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n v. Ruiz de Jesus, 644 F.2d 910 (1st Cir. 1981). On
remand, the district court concluded that jurisdiction still did not lie under
section 632 because plaintiffs had alleged fraud, which sounded in tort and
which did not come within 'traditional banking activities,' the only transactions
encompassed by section 632, Diaz v. Pan American Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n,
635 F.2d 30, 32 (1st Cir. 1980). Conjugal Soc'y v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 525
F.Supp. 268 (D.P.R.1981).
The procedural mechanism for dismissal below was a Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(1)

motion by defendants. The district court based its order on a reading of the
complaint, and, accordingly, 'we consider only those facts and allegations set
forth in the complaint and must view them in a light most favorable to the
plaintiff,' Harper v. Cserr, 544 F.2d 1121, 1122 (1st Cir. 1976) (reviewing 12(b)
(6) order). We have no occasion to address a subsidiary point raised briefly by
plaintiffs, whether they were improperly precluded from introducing evidence

on the jurisdictional issue.
5
We recently considered the scope of section 632 in Diaz v. Pan American Fed.
Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 635 F.2d 30. We held that a district court could not
entertain, under section 632, a suit that charged the malicious or negligent filing
of a criminal complaint as a result of plaintiff's alleged passing of bad checks.
Id. at 32. Section 632 reaches only traditional banking activities, not all cases in
which a bank organized under federal law is a party. Id. Banking activities
covered by section 632 include mortgage agreements, see 12 U.S.C. Sec.
1464(c) (federal savings and loan associations), and foreclosures on mortgages,
Chase Manhattan Bk. (N.A.) v. Corporation Hotelera, 516 F.2d 1047, 1048 n.1
(1st Cir. 1975) (per curiam); First Nat'l City Bk. v. Gonzalez & Co. Sucr. Corp.,
308 F.Supp. 596, 599 (D.P.R.1970); see First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n v.
Zequeira, 305 F.Supp. 37, 39 (D.P.R.1969). But cf. Gonzalez-Roman v. Federal
Land Bk., 303 F.Supp. 482, 483 (D.P.R.1969) (action challenging prior
foreclosure proceeding was attack on earlier federal judgment and did not arise
from transaction involving banking). Section 632 is not limited to the original
two parties to a banking transaction. In Corporation Venezolana de Fomento v.
Vintero Sales Corp., 629 F.2d 786 (2d Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1080,
101 S.Ct. 863, 66 L.Ed.2d 804 (1981), the guarantor of notes sold by the maker
to obtain letters of credit from a bank was allowed to sue the bank under section
632 for allowing alleged wrongful drawdowns against the letters, id. at 792.
Section 632 jurisdiction also exists over a claim by one cosignor of a letter of
guaranty against another cosignor contesting the validity of the letter, when the
letter was relied upon by a bank in granting a loan. National City Bk. v. Puig,
106 F.Supp. 1, 2-3 (D.P.R.1952).
According to the complaint in the instant case, plaintiffs agreed to a

subordinate mortgage position in exchange for protection--a performance bond
and a guaranty of completion--offered by defendants. The seniority of
defendants' mortgages was an important factor in the mortgage transactions that
defendants entered into;2 indeed, First Federal is effectively required to take
only first mortgages, see 12 C.F.R. Sec. 545.6(a), (b)(1). Plaintiffs have no
unconditional rights or obligations directly under the mortgage agreements
between TCC and CTI and between TCC and First Federal, but they are third
parties whose subordinate position was central to CTI's and First Federal's
decisions to enter into the mortgage agreements. Cf. Corporation Venezolana
de Fomento v. Vintero Sales Corp., 629 F.2d 786; National City Bk. v. Puig,
106 F.Supp. 1. Defendants' assurances to plaintiffs thus constituted part of
defendants' banking transactions, and the alleged wrongful termination of those
assurances was part of the mortgage foreclosure.
CTI suggests that section 632 jurisdiction is absent because the gist of
plaintiffs' claim is negligence and conspiracy which by themselves bear no
relationship to banking. Plaintiffs allege essentially, however, that they were
denied rights provided by the guaranty and the performance bond.3 Whether
defendants' acts are viewed as ones in tort or contract, plaintiffs' rights are
alleged to have arisen out of defendants' mortgage agreements and thus out of a
transaction involving banking within the meaning of section 632. Plaintiffs
have alleged facts sufficient to invoke section 632 jurisdiction.
Reversed and remanded.
12 U.S.C. Sec. 632 provides in relevant part as follows:

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all suits of a civil nature at
common law or in equity to which any corporation organized under the laws of
the United States shall be a party, arising out of transactions involving . . .
banking in a dependency or insular possession of the United States, . . . shall be
deemed to arise under the laws of the United States, and the district courts of
the United States shall have original jurisdiction of all such suits[.]
The relevant paragraphs of plaintiffs' complaint are as follows:
14
The mortgage in favor of CTI was to guarantee, among other things, obligations
assumed by CIT [sic] whereby it would finish the apartment building in the
event that Torre de Caparra Corp. was unable to do so for whatever reasons
15
In exchange of the mortgage constituted in its favor and as a reciprocal

obligation, the defendant, CTI issued a performance bond number CH-122553-0131-2 whereby it guaranteed to the plaintiffs collection of its mortgage
credits
19
As a condition to its banking transaction First Federal obtained of the plaintiffs

the further subordination of the first mortgage held by plaintiffs
The following paragraphs of plaintiffs' complaint are relevant:
27
The cancellation of the performance bond and the protections offered and
accepted by the plaintiffs for subordination of their mortgage credits were all
part of a design and plan to defraud within a banking transaction on the part of
the defendants
28
The cancellation of the performance bond execution of the mortgage credits
and subsequent negotiations by the defendant, First Federal[,] were all part of a
design and plan of a banking transaction
29
As a result of the leaving without effect and cancellation of the performance

bond by the defendants, the plaintiffs were deprived of their mortgage credits in
the amount of $111,500.00, plus interest on that amount
30
As a result of the fault, acts and negligence of the defendants, the plaintiffs
have suffered losses in the amount of $500,000.00

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681 F.

The Conjugal Society Composed of Juvenal Rosa, Pedro &

United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

Harry Segarra Arroyo, with whom Law Office of Harvey B. Nachman,

The procedural mechanism for dismissal below was a Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(1)

plaintiffs, whether they were improperly precluded from introducing evidence

According to the complaint in the instant case, plaintiffs agreed to a

Reversed and remanded.

12 U.S.C. Sec. 632 provides in relevant part as follows:

The relevant paragraphs of plaintiffs' complaint are as follows:

In exchange of the mortgage constituted in its favor and as a reciprocal

As a condition to its banking transaction First Federal obtained of the plaintiffs

The following paragraphs of plaintiffs' complaint are relevant:

The cancellation of the performance bond execution of the mortgage credits

As a result of the leaving without effect and cancellation of the performance

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