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Filed: Patrick Fisher
Filed: Patrick Fisher
MAY 14 1998
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
JIMMY D. WIGGINS,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
DAN MORIARTY, Warden at TCDF;
ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF
NEW MEXICO,
No. 97-2208
(D.C. No. CIV-96-684-BB)
(D.N.M.)
Respondents-Appellees.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
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Exhaustion presents a mixed question of law and fact. The district courts
ultimate conclusion that a claim is exhausted is subject to de novo review.
Fox v. Kelso, 911 F.2d 563, 568 (11th Cir. 1990).
Appellant entered a guilty plea to the crime of armed robbery, and received
the maximum statutory sentence of nine years followed by two years parole. In
his first issue, he claims that his plea was involuntary because his attorney led
him to believe he would be sentenced to time served plus probation.
Appellant did not raise this claim in either his direct state appeal or in his
state habeas corpus petition. The state argues that appellant has procedurally
defaulted the claim, see Dulin v. Cook, 957 F.2d 758, 759 (10th Cir. 1992),
because the New Mexico courts would refuse to consider it on a second habeas
petition, see Jackson v. Shanks, ___ F.3d ___, No. 97-2063, 1998 WL 220089,
at *3 (10th Cir. May 5, 1998). The district court determined that the claim was
not yet exhausted, because appellant could still raise it in a second habeas petition
by asserting fundamental error. See State v. Gillihan, 524 P.2d 1335, 1336
(N.M. 1974).
We agree with the state that appellant procedurally defaulted this claim by
failing to present it in either his direct appeal or his state habeas petition. Claims
of fundamental error are considered only to avoid a miscarriage of justice or a
result which shocks the judicial conscience. See State v. Lucero, 863 P.2d 1071,
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1074 (N.M. 1993) (discussing fundamental error test). The New Mexico Court
of Appeals already has determined, in connection with appellants ineffective
assistance of counsel claim, that appellant (1) had a prior history of criminal
activity; (2) was informed by the trial court and understood that a range of
sentences were possible, including the maximum sentence; and (3) was sentenced
in accordance with the New Mexico statutes. Given these findings, which were
undisturbed on state certiorari review, we conclude the New Mexico courts would
not consider appellants new issue on the basis of fundamental error.
The magistrate judge opined that appellants second and third issues were
procedurally barred. As to the second issue, we disagree. Appellant raised his
ineffective assistance of counsel argument on direct appeal. After it was rejected
by the New Mexico Court of Appeals, he timely filed a petition for writ of
certiorari to the New Mexico Supreme Court. A habeas petitioner who has
pursued an issue on direct appeal to a states highest court need not present it
again on state collateral review. See Castille v. Peoples, 489 U.S. 346, 350
(1989). This issue, then, is exhausted and is not procedurally barred. We will
consider it on the merits.
Whether a defendant received effective assistance of counsel is a mixed
question of law and fact that we review de novo. United States v. Prows, 118
F.3d 686, 691 (10th Cir. 1997). To prevail on such a claim, appellant must show
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Carlos F. Lucero
Circuit Judge
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