Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
1
1 Submission Letters
Diploma in Business studies,
Semester 6,
MARA University of Technology (UiTM) Sarawak,
Mukah Campus
96400, Mukah
Sarawak.
26 July 2015
Madam,
SUBMISSION OF BUSINESS PLAN REPORT
With the mentioned above, we had completed our Business Plan report and we would
to submit it. The studies and research had been done according to the guidelines and
procedure.
2.
process of completing the business report. Therefore, we would to thank you. Without
your guidance we might not able to complete this task in the right track and produce a
good proposal.
1 | Fu n d a m e n t a l O f E n t re p re ne u r s h i p (E N T 3 0 0 )
3.
We will use the knowledge and skill that we gained from the process of making
this proposal in the future. Through this business plan, we able to run our business
smoothly.
4.
We really hope you will be satisfied with our report and wish that it will be
evaluate as fairly as possible. Your sincerest and honest condition be much appreciate.
Thank you,
2 | Fu n d a m e n t a l O f E n t re p re ne u r s h i p (E N T 3 0 0 )
1.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This assignment would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of
several individuals who involved or participated and extended their valuable assistance
in the preparation and completion of this assignment.
Firstly, we would like to thank Miss Siti Farah, our Entrepreneurship lecturer for
her sincerity and encouragement during the process of our assignment. We appreciate
her patience towards us when we ask her many questions about assignment.
We also to thank for the company and government sector that given advice due
to our business. Without their advice, we will not able to determine which step that
should we make in doing or opening our business strategies and plan. They support us
in given information that we need to complete our assignment.
We also would like to thank our parents for giving their support in terms of moral
and financial support for us to complete this assignment. Without their support, we
might not be able to complete this assignment.
Not forget also, we would like to say thank you to ours friends and classmate for
sharing their knowledge and advice to complete the assignment. We also thank for
entire person who helps every single matter in our assignment until it done.
Thank You,
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4 | Fu n d a m e n t a l O f E n t re p re ne u r s h i p (E N T 3 0 0 )
1.4
PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
Name
Jerry Jampi Anak Giman
Dorothy Rhamet Baru
Justin Balang Razali
Harrison Jhay Anak Kuyat
Ignatius Presley Anak Berain
I.C Number
870409-13-6131
891214-13-6486
890819-13-6363
880525-13-5523
890123-13-5811
2. With this the partner will be bound under the rules and regulation of this
partnership. Hereby, the partners agreed that the capital contributions from each
partner are as follow:
Name
Jerry Jampi Anak Giman
Dorothy Rhamet Baru
Justin Balang Razali
Harrison
Jhay
Anak
Kuyat
Ignatius
Presley
I.C Number
870409-13-6131
891214-13-6486
890819-13-6363
880525-13-5523
Anak 890123-13-5811
Contributions (RM)
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
Berain
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4. Every Partner must be take part in management of the business. The position of
each partner in business organization is:
Name
Jerry
Jampi
I.C Number
Anak 870409-13-6131
Position
General Manager
Giman
Dorothy Rhamet Baru
891214-13-6486
Justin Balang Razali
890819-13-6363
Harrison Jhay Anak 880525-13-5523
Marketing Manager
Operation Manager
Financial Manager
Kuyat
Ignatius Presley Anak 890123-13-5811
Administration Manager
Berain
11. All partners agree that they have understood the contents of this agreement and
will obey the rules and regulation of the partnership. Any partners, who disobey
the rules and regulations, may take all responsibilities due to damage or loss
defects caused by her action
12. All matter of financial and true accountants and also conformation of all things
relating to partnership will be made available at all times.
1.5
NAME OF COMPANY
Our company name is K-Rate Box. K is stands for karaoke which is our main service
towards gain customer satisfaction. Rate is stands for customer voice rate which is our
business install a new voice rating system. Box is stands for customer individual space
that our business provided to them.
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1.6
Nature Of Business
1.7
Industries Profile
In this industry, our company is competing with several companies such as Ruai Nan,
K.I, K-Box, Bungai Berduri and Mas Dahlia.
K-Box is the longer karaoke place in Mukah. They well known by its customer and most
of them is regular customer. They also had experience in handle any difficulties and
manage their operation very well. They also has very strong financial position.
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Ruai Nan has a good location that provides better services for customer. Its give
customer full satisfaction to enjoy their time there. They also has a systematic business
management that allows their activities follows the flow.
K.I has a strategic location at the city centre near to the hotel. Even outsides people can
go there easily because location near to hotel. They give a big space for customer to
enjoyed their time karaoke.
Bungai Berduri and Mas Dahlia offer big space for customer and has full facilities to
enjoyed their time at there. Besides, they also has strong financial positions and
experience to handle any difficulties.
1.8
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Some people prefer to let out their stress by expressing themselves which is another
reason that support the reason for us in choosing this business. We provide private
rooms so that customers have some privacy and are comfortable spending their time.
Beverages are also available to purchase in our premise. It will help to ease the
customer from going to other shops to purchase food and drinks.
1.9
For the future, we hope that our company will be known in future as a best service K-RATE
BOX in Mukah. We hope that our company will be able to expand the business throughout
Sarawak and become a number 1 that provide a best service of K-RATE BOX.
1.10
DATE OF COMMENCEMENT
Our business starts operating on the early January in the year of 2016. All partners have
agreed to start the business on the specific dates because we assume that by the
month of February, our service will be known by the customer through the promotion
and attract customer come at our service.
1.11 Logo
Logo
Classic microphone
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Colorful background
colorful designed room which customer can feel comfortable and enjoy it.
Star
demand.
K-Rate Box
Lot 154, Ground Floor No.1, Block 7,
Bandar Baru Mukah,
96400 Mukah,
Sarawak.
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Telephone:
Fax number:
Email:
Form of business:
Main activities:
Date and number
of
registration:
Date of commencement:
084-864235
084-86423501
[email protected]
Partnership
Karoeke and entertainment
business January 2016
February 2016
Name of partner :
Identity card number :
Permanent address :
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Date of birth :
Age :
Marital status :
Academic qualifications :
09 April 1987
28
Single
Diploma in Business Studies (UiTM)
Courses attended :
Skills :
Marketing courses
Able to manage market sells in product or
Experiences :
Present occupation :
Previous business expertise :
service
Manager 3 year in Red Box (Malaysia)
General Manager
Marketing manager at Red Box (Malaysia)
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Name of partner :
Identity card number :
Permanent address :
Lawas, Sarawak
014-6813124
14 December 1989
26
Single
Diploma in Business Studies (UiTM)
Bachelor Degree in Marketing (UiTM)
Courses attended :
Skills :
Marketing courses
Expert in marketing activities
Experiences :
Present occupation :
Previous business expertise :
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Name of partner :
Identity card number :
Permanent address :
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Lawas, Sarawak
017-5772422
19 August 1989
26
Single
Diploma in Business Studies (UiTM)
Bachelor Degree in Operation Management
(UiTM)
Master Degree
in
Business Administration
Courses attended :
(CURTIN)
Business seminar
Skills :
Experiences :
Present occupation :
Previous business expertise
Entrepreneurship course
Able to speak fluent English
Operation manager at Bintang Mega Mall, Miri
Operation manager
Operation manager in KTV, Lawas
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Name of partner :
Identity card number :
Permanent address :
Sarawak.
019-8584025
23 January 1989
26
Single
Diploma in Business Studies (UiTM)
Bachelor Degree in Human Resources (UiTM)
Master Degree in Business Administration
Courses attended :
(UKM)
Management courses
Skills :
Experiences :
Present occupation :
Previous business expertise :
Business courses
Excellent in administration activities
Human resource manager at RTM
Administration manager
Managing human resource at RTM
Name of partner :
Identity card number :
Permanent address :
Sarawak
014-8873169
25 May 1988
27
Single
Diploma in Business Studies (UiTM)
Bachelor Degree in Finance (OUM)
Master Degree in Islamic Banking And Finance
Courses attended :
Skills :
(OUM)
Entrepreneurship courses
Expert in accounting and
management
financial resources
Experiences :
Accountant at Sin Yang Company
Present occupation :
Financial Manager
Previous
business Auditing financial assets
expertise :
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of
General Manager
Jerry Jampi Anak Giman
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Financial Manager
Marketing Manager
Operation Manager
Justin Balang
1.15
LOCATION PLAN
Administration Manager
Ignatius Presley Anak Berain
Mukah. This location is very strategic because every side view can be seen and near to the
shopping complex and hotel. The address is Lot 154, Groun Floor No. 1, Block 7, Bandar Baru
Mukah, Sarawak.
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marketing acceptance, develop strategies to market the products and services of the
business, identify the required resources to execute the planned strategies, and
estimate the necessary finance needed for the marketing department.
All activities related to fulfilling the customers needs and wants or the necessities
needed to achieve the targeted profit is very crucial in the marketing concept. For the
success of the business, we need to ensure that the products or services we provide to
the customers fit their wants and needs. The Maslows Theory stated that human needs
can be defined as the basic psychological needs and requirement in ones life. The
three main needs in the theory is basic needs, safety needs and psychological needs.
In order for our business to succeed, we have to ensure that the gaps of the customers
wants and needs are filled as their satisfactions are a very crucial matter to the
business. This explains the dependence of the business success to the success level of
the marketing plan. Achieving these would require us to identify the strength and
weaknesses of our business and also the environment of the market.
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the public is encouraging. Thus, to make sure the business succeeds and continuously
operating, good marketing plans and strategies must be set up in detail.
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2.2
MARKETING OBJECTIVE
The concepts of our market are towards satisfying customers needs and wants, as we contribute
towards profit for the business. We need to make sure that our customers are satisfied with our
services. Marketing plan is about ensuring that our customers receive good services in term of
providing comfortable environment, latest hits and additional beverages. Our company has also
set some marketing objectives or goals that need to be achieve. They are:
To promote healthy and stress free in Mukah.
To earn maximum profits.
Control 40% of entertainment market in Mukah.
To provide service for customers satisfaction.
Our market is centralised to the Mukah surrounding. This is due to certain factors such as the
strategic location of Mukah as a developing city with many public and private sectors. Plus the
vast are of education estate. The population of mukah has potential to expand as its develop,
where the majority of the people are students, middle and upper class people. Therefore, our
company will not have any problem to find our customer. The target of our business is the
teenager and young adult aged 18 and above, who have the interest with entertainment and wants
to develop their talent.
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Main Dimension
Variable
Breakdown
Geographic Segmentation
Demographic
Region
Age
Segmentation
Gender
Income
Occupation
Psychographic
Race
Home ownership
Personality
pensioners
All
Renting and living with parents
Indoor entertainment, open
minded, up-to-date
Lifestyle
Behavioral
Hobby
Singing
Benefits sought
Communication Benefits
Segmentation
Multi-language
Functional Benefits
Stress relieve
Perceptual Benefits
Affordable price
Usage rate
User status
monthly basis
Regular user & Light user
Loyalty status
Medium
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Market size refers to the potential purchase of the target market. This will include the purchase of
competitors products or services within the same industry. Market size is normally stated in
terms of units or ringgit. All of them are usually calculated daily, monthly or annually.
The survey conducted within the vicinity of Mukah shows that there are a few entertainment
centers but only several are popular. The most preferred are K-box Family Karaoke, Ruai Nan
Pub and MK Lounge. These premises organized occasional events to attract customers such as
Ladies Day, festive celebration promotions and so on. Due to this, we provide programs during
festive seasons and special promotions on certain days. This will help attract and maintain
customers as our business will not focus on population size because as we know, the operation
and profit depends on the number of customers who come in unpredictable numbers.
Types of entertainment
Percentage
Karaoke
35%
Bistro
20%
Night club
25%
Arcade
5%
Cyber caf
15%
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Adults (40%)
= 60% x 4,857
= 2,914
= 40% x 4,857
= 1,943
Adults (60%)
= 40% x 4,857
= 1,943
= 60% x 4,857
= 2,914
SPENDING
Students
Adults
Daytime
Night time
RM15 x 2,914
RM20 x 1,943
=RM43,710
=RM38,860
RM20 x 1,943
RM25 x 2,914
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=RM38,860
=RM72,850
FREQUENCY
Assuming twice a month:
=RM194, 280 x 2
=RM388,560
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Strength
Well known and has
Weakness
The fee is quite high.
position.
Have a good location.
Well known and has
its own regular
customer.
K.I
Strategic location at
the city centre.
Offer big space.
Dahlia
customer.
Good location with a
full facilities.
customer.
Lack of acceptance
from female
customer.
Limited space.
Lack of acceptance
from female
customer.
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Our market share covers areas in Mukah. It is wide because the demand had existed to customer
and other unexpected causes. The demand for entertainment is there as mentioned before.
However, both the company goals and customers demand should be a priority, especially to the
needs and wants of the customer. Market share is the total potential purchasing power made by
the target market. The total market share is the sum of our production and our competitors
production. Our market share is calculated in term of percentage and later change of Ringgit
Malaysia and calculated on yearly basic.
K-box Karaoke
20
932,544
Ruai Nan
17
792,662
MK Lounge
16
746,035
TST
15
699,408
Nibong
13
606,154
Medan Seafood
373,018
BungaiBerduri
279,763
Mas Dahlia
233,136
Total
100
4,662,720
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K-Box Karaoke
6% 5%
Ruai Nan
8%
20%
MK Lounge
13%
Medan Seafood
Nibong
17%
Bungai Berduri
15%
TST
Mas Dahlia
16%
K-Box
17
792,662
Ruai Nan
15
699,408
MK Lounge
14
652,781
TST
14
652,781
Nibong
12
559,526
K-Rate
419,645
Medan Seafood
373, 018
BungaiBerduri
279,763
Mas Dahlia
233,136
Total
100
4,662,720
33 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
6%
K-Box Karaoke
5%
Ruai Nan8%
9%
K-Rate Karaoke
17%
MK Lounge
TST
15%
12%
Medan Seafood
Bungai Berduri
14%
14%
Mas Dahlia
34 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Nibong
Sales (RM)
Notes
January
Percentage
(%)
6
25,178.70
Beginning of
business
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
6
6
7
7
9
9
10
9
9
11
11
25,178.70
25,178.70
29,375.15
29,375.15
37,768.05
37,768.05
41,964.50
37,768.05
37,768.05
46,160.95
46,160.95
Total
100
Kaul Festival
Gawai Festival
Hari Raya Aidilfitri
National Day
School Holiday
Christmas
Celebration
419,645
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50,000.00
45,000.00
40,000.00
35,000.00
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
2.10
MARKETING STRATEGIES
Marketing strategies are plans designed to reach marketing goals. A good marketing strategy
should integrate an organizations goals, policies and action into a cohesive whole. It helps in
putting the organization into the position to carry its business efficient and effectively. Marketing
strategies are important in the business plan because marketing strategies can determines whether
the projected sales forecast can be achieved or not. We must being creative and be more
innovative in the market decision.
After considering the competition with our competitors, our company has developed some
strategies to attract our customers to deal with us. Why we need a marketing strategy? As
entrepreneur, we must develop appropriate marketing strategies in order to achieve our sales
forecast. Some factors need to be considered when we went to develop marketing strategies.
These factors are important in order to ensure that we can compete with our competitors in order
to maximize the profit as well. The factors are :
Promotion
Business place
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Based on these factors, we have ran an investigation and researching finalising the service price
rate, so that is suitable and fulfil the need of the customer. Below is the price that we set based on
competition we compared with several competitor.
( Per Hour )
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Competitor
Day
Night
K-box
RM20
RM25
MK lounge
K-rate
RM20
RM80
RM25
OTHER COMPETITOR
Ruai nan
TST
Nibong
Medan seafood
Bungai Beduri
Mas Dahlia
2.10.3
PLACE STRATEGY
and controllable distribution system to ensure that our service offered reaches the customer
satisfaction. It refers to the decision made on the location of the business. We decided to open KRate Box at Lot 154, Ground Floor No. 1, Block No. 7, Bandar BaruMukah, 96400 Mukah,
Sarawak.
news about our services. Other than that, through this systematic promotion, we want to sure that
the customers are able to keep in touch with us in order to gain more information about the
services offered by our karaoke rate box.
1. Signboard
Signboard will inform the customers about our business identity such as name of the
company and the logo of the company. It will be put in front of our company premises. It is
easy for the customers to recognize our premises.
2. Banner
We will put banner in the strategies in the strategic are as part of our outdoor
advertisement. We will put up the banner before the grand opening of our business. By
using this way, we could directly promote our business to the public. We will place
40 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
banner at strategic place such as in roundabout so that people will realize our existence
and will be coming to our fitness centre.
3. Business Card
The business card will be given to our customers and it is important whereby it can the full
information about our business, telephone number and also the address of our location.
4. Flyers
We also provide business flyers to our entertainment and giving away at certain
residential area. This pamphlet will state all the important information about our service,
fees, location and details.
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42 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
OPERATION
MANAGEMENT
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3.1
Operating management is the one of the most important parts of business plan. Operation
management can be define as the process of marshalling to the entrepreneurship carefully plan
about their operation activity which is to ensure that the business will meet the need and wants to
the customer. In the operational activities involve of several components which is involve in the
transformation of business input to output are involve the following:
1.
Business input
2.
Transformation system
3.
Feedback
4.
External environment
Business input refers to all resources required to produce a particular output. For an example are
the manpower which is a person who use the energy to operate the activities and also the raw
materials to produce to output, machines and equipment, technology and lastly the information
and capital. All of these resources are the most important part must have before to operate the all
of the activity of production.
Besides that, there is the most important part to the entrepreneurship to gain the feedback from
the customer that what they are wants and needs. It is important to meet our customer demand
and indirectly, it can help our company to get the highest profit from the feedback of our
customers.
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3.2
There are several goals and objective that our company set up our Operation Plan. The main
goals and our objective are listed below:
Increase our revenue through the advertising and promotions such as offering different
3.3
There are several functions and duties that need to be done by the operation executive. In our
company, the functions that are performed by operation manager are as follows:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
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3.4
ORGANIZATION CHART
Operation Manager
(Justin Balang)
Male
worker
Male
worker
Male
worker
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3.5
OPERATION HOURS
In operation management, time management is very important for organization manage
their all production and workers. Below is the schedule for our operation hour per week.
Day
Monday-Sunday
Public Holiday
Operation Hour
Shift 1 09.30am - 07.00pm
Shift 2 06.30pm - 02.00am
Shift 1 09.30am - 07.00pm
Shift 2 06.30pm 02.00am
Besides that, we are very restricted about the cleanliness and the maintenance in the workplace.
In order to maintain the cleanliness of our store, we will make sure that every day before and
after production activity is going on, every of our workers need to cleaning tasks as sweeping,
mopping the floor and so on. We also will make sure check the machine before the customer use
the machine.
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3.6
BUSINESS HOURS
Business Hour
10am-2am
9.30am-2.30am
Our business operation will depends on the situation, for an example, public holiday will be
operation 17 hour due to people will not work and student not go to school. In other word, they
will need an entertainment.
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Position
Male Workers
Female Cashiers
Skills/Qualification
No. Of Staff
Minimum SPM
3
Good communication
skill
Maintenance skill
Minimum SPM
3
Good communication
skill
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3.8
JOB DESCRIPTION
Position
Male worker
Skill/Qualification
Minimum SPM
Good
communication
skills
Maintenance skills
Responsibilities
Serve the customers upon
their arrival.
Always check the audio
systems from time to time.
Responsible in making
sure the counter is always
Female worker
Minimum SPM
Good
communication
skills
occupied.
Ensure that the premise is
clean.
Responsible in making
sure the counter is always
occupied.
Serve the customers upon
their arrival.
50 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
3.9
SCHEDULE OF REMUNERATION
Position
No.
Monthly
EPF
SOCSO
Amount
Salary
Contribution
(2.5%) (Rm)
(Rm)
(13%) (Rm)
110.5
110.5
110.5
110.5
21.25
21.25
21.25
21.25
981.75
981.75
981.75
981.75
Male trainer
Male trainer
Male trainer
Female
1
1
1
1
(Rm)
850
850
850
850
trainer
Female
850
110.5
21.25
981.75
trainer
Female
850
110.5
21.25
981.75
trainer
Total
51 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5890.5
3.10
SYMBOL
TYPE OF ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
Operation
Transportation
Inspection
delay
Storage
52 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Meet the
customer
Customer go
to counter
Customer
asking how
Customer
agree with
Customer
made a
Register out
53 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Greet the
customer
Register and
payment for
in customer
Bring
customer to
their room
Start sing
session
Register out
54 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
3.11
OPERATION LAYOUT
55 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Types
Percentage
Students(50%)
(RM209,823)
Day
Night
60%
40%
Adults (50%)
(RM209,823)
Day
Night
40%
60%
RM83,929
RM83,929
RM125,894
Price per
head
RM15
RM20
RM20
RM25
Average
people per
year
8,393
4,197
4,197
5,036
Average
people per
month
700
350
350
420
Average
people per
day
24
12
12
14
56 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
3.13
N
o
1
Item
Quantity
Microphone
25
11
149
1639
599
599
Sharp 24 LED TV
Samsung 32 LED TV
10
549
4392
799
7990
57 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
999
3996
10
970
9700
Hester Freezer
3013
3013
33,081
58 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
No
Items
Quantity
Price/Unit
Total (Rm)
(Rm)
1
Security system
Fire Alarm
Fire Distinguisher
4
4
100
100
400
400
Fire Distinguisher
50
250
CO2
Waterless Fire
12
50
600
Protection
Emergency and Exit
200
600
187.50
750
240
480
ABC Powder
Lighting
4ch complete ahd
dome cctv camera set
Hd cctv camera 2pcs
LED Array
Waterproof cmos ir
camera
Total
59 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
3480
3.15
RAW MATERIAL
It is important to determine the types and amount of raw material need in business production
and process. There are four steps involved in material planning.
Items
Quantity
(RM)
1.
Mineral
10
10
100
2.
Soft drink
32
30
960
3.
Bottle
60
180
4.
Cookies
40
200
5.
Snack
40
11
484
Total
RM1920
60 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
items
quantity
(RM)
1.
Air Cond
599
3594
10
787
7870
1588
3176
2.
Reception table
486
972
3.
HP-all-in-one
1838
1838
PC
4.
Printer
157
5.
Telephone
68
68
6.
Sofa
14
799
11186
7.
Coffee Table
12
329
3948
Total
61 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
32,809
Items
Dustbin
Mops
vacuum
T-shirt for sale
broom
Quantity
Total cost
11
2
1
6
2
(RM)
2.50
5.20
150
30
7.00
(RM)
25
10.40
150
180
14
RM 379.40
62 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
3.16
3.17
Month
Sales(Collection)
%(Purchase)
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
Year 2
(RM)
25,178.70
25,178.70
25,178.70
29,375.15
29,375.15
37,768.05
37,768.05
41,964.50
37,768.05
37,768.05
46,160,95
46,160,95
419,645
Increase %
Raw Material
Purchase(RM)
9.15
4.85
5
10
7
9
7
9
8
7
13
11
5/100
5%
1,920
1,018
1,049
2,098
1,469
1,888
1,469
1,888
1679
1,469
2,728
2,308
20,983
22,032
Year 3
Increase %
10%
24,235
SUPPLIER
Items
Supplier
63 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Factory,
No.12, Dongping Henggang,
Baiyun District,
Beijing City,
China.
Public Furniture,
No. 6F, Lorong Aman 2,
Jalan Lanang,
96000 Sibu,
Sarawak, Malaysia.
Sarawak, Malaysia.
Chai Guan Minimarket,
96400 Mukah,
Sarawak, Malaysia.
64 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
3.18
OPERATING BUDGET
Item
Other Expenses
(RM)
33,081
(RM)
Machine and
equipment
Security and Fire
3,480
System
Furniture and Fitting
32,809
Salaries, EPF, SOCSO
(Operation Workers)
Raw Materials
Other Expenses
Total (RM)
Total
(RM)
5,890.5
1,920
69,370
7,810.5
379.40
379.40
65 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
2.11
MARKETING BUDGET
Marketing budget is important to ensure the budget provides is appropriate with the business and
the cost of implementing marketing strategies in line with the financial so that it will reduce the
cost. Besides, it is useful for financial executive to forecast their financial planning.
Items
Sign Board
Total (Rm)
1400
Flyer
100 x Rm 1
100
(100 pieces)
Business Card
= 100
30/box = 30 x 5
150
(30 pieces)
Banner
= 150
200
200
Grand Opening
Newspaper
500
100
Total
500
100
2450
66 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
ADMINISTRATION
PLAN
or she should follow the fore element of management that is importance which is planning,
organizing, leading and controlling. The importance of this element is it will make our job
becomes easier, creative and innovative. It also helps to plan good management flow for
company.
In addition, participant of the other partner also importance as of accomplish the vision, mission
and goal of our company. This is because every partner can contributes and shares their ideas to
expand the business. The effectiveness of K-RATE BOX is based on administrative and planned
very systematically and follow by the proper planning before the business establish. This can
avoid barriers during process of opening the company.
Our company will put in all efforts towards the advancement for our business and try to promote
our company become the best K-Box in Sarawak. There are several thing that included in this
part is:
Business Strategy
Job Description
Administration Vision, Mission and Goals of Company
Employees benefits
Man power planning
Schedule of staff remuneration
List and Budget of Office Equipment
It also to ensure the advertisement of our company will attract our customer come to our
company.
To ensure our company provide the better services for customer.
Operation Department
To ensure every operation carried out at our K-rate is fully organized and need the
operation performed in our services such as K-rate equipment and facilities.
It also to ensure the raw material to produce in our services enough in unit per month.
To make sure K-rate equipment in good condition.
Administrative Department
To ensure our business operation and business management should be in systematic order
and stable condition.
It is also to ensure the schedule of remuneration employee should follow their
qualification and skill, every worker also has employees benefits, such as Employment
Provident (EPF) and Social Security Organization (SOCSO).
69 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Financial Department
To ensure and responsible in handling all the cash flow and financial transaction.
Record all the transaction incurred in business in accounting ledger every month.
To ensure the budget is under control.
Main task
70 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
General Manager
Position
Marketing Manager
Dorothy Rhamet Baru
Main task
1. Decide and promoter the service to the
public by preparing the effective
marketing strategies to the business.
2. To planning the marketing activities
for organization.
3. To identify our competitors and
knowing about the strength and
71 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Position
Main task
72 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Operation Manager
Justin Balang Razali
Position
Main task
73 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Administrative Manager
Ignatius Presley Anak Berain
74 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Position
Financial Manager
Harrison Jhay Anak Kuyat
Main Task
1. To organize all the companys
transaction and updating the
transaction from time to time.
2. As an advisor in financial aspect and
control all of the company expenses.
3. Responsible in handling all the cash
flow and financial transactions.
4. Dependable in searching the sources
of financial information.
5. Receive and record all the transaction
incurred in business in an accounting
ledger.
76 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
undertaking their tasks well. The followings are the benefits given to the workers that work for
our business.
1. Salary
Salary is a fixed monetary reward paid to the workers on periodical basis.
It is paid on a monthly basis. Salaries given to the employees are based on
their position, performance, qualification, skills and experience. It will be
paid at the end of the month.
2. Employee Provident Fund (EPF)
Contribution to EPF is mandatory for all registered employers in
Malaysia. The contribution is at least 13% of an employees basic salary.
3. Social Security Organization (SOCSO)
Social Security Organization (SOCSO) is responsible for the
implementation, administration and enforcement of the Workers Social
5. Working Hours
Day
Working hours
Total hours per day
nd
1 shift
2 shift
1st shift
2nd shift
Monday Sunday
10 am 5 pm
5 pm - 2 am
8 hours
8 hours
Public Holidays
9 am 5 pm
5 pm 3am
9 hours
9 hours
Our premise operates in 2 shifts basis. The board of directors will do
st
budgeting, financing, designing and ensure that the business run smoothly.
6. Bonus
77 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Bonuses will be given to the employees based on the profits gained by the
company throughout the year. Our company will decide the bonuses based
on the shareholders meeting decision about the employees bonuses to
Number of staff
1
1
1
1
1
5
78 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
No.
Monthly
salary
EPF (13%)
Amount
(RM)
79 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
General Manager
2, 000
260
2, 260
Marketing Manager
2, 000
260
2, 260
Operation Manager
2, 000
260
2, 260
Financial Officer
2, 000
260
2, 260
Administration
2, 000
260
2, 260
Officer
Total
11, 300
80 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Items
Quantity
Price/unit
81 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Total
Vacuum
RM150.00
RM150.00
Chair
RM158.00
RM158.00
Table:
RM1829.00
Coffee
RM329.00
Office
RM1500.00
Total
RM2137.00
4.9.2 Stationery
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Items
Pen
Quantity
1 box
Price/unit
RM1.00
Total
RM24.00
Ream of paper
(24 pen)
1 box
RM8.00
RM96.00
Printer ink
File
Paper chip
(10 ream)
2
5
2
RM47.00
RM4.90
RM2.50
RM94.00
RM24.50
RM5.00
RM244.50
Quantity
1
1
1
1
Price/unit
RM157.00
RM68.00
RM1500.00
RM150.00
Total
RM157.00
RM68.00
RM1500.00
Total
Item
Printer
Phone
Laptop Acer
Fax
Total
RM1875.00
82 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Items
Business licenses
Business registration
Total
Price/unit
RM60.00
RM30.00
Total
RM60.00
RM30.00
RM90.00
Items
Water bills
Electricity bills
Phone bills
Streamyx bills
Total
Price/Month
RM50.00
RM1300.00
RM40.00
RM120.00
Total
RM50.00
RM1300.00
RM40.00
RM120.00
RM1510.00
4.9.5 Utilities
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.10 Suppliers
Company Name
1. Public Furniture
Items
Furniture and fittings
2.Chai Guan
83 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Office equipment
Monthly expenses
Other expenses
(RM)
(RM)
(RM)
1875
Salaries, EPF,
11300
Utilities
1510
Rent
8000
Business registration
30
Business licences
60
84 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Stationeries
244.50
1875
20810
2137
2471.5
FINANCIAL
85 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
PLAN
5.1
The financial plan is the final step in the preparation of the business plan. A financial plan is a
plan that shows the long-term financial requirement in order to start a new business project. It is
the most crucial aspect of the business plan that involves determining the total project cost,
choice of sources of financial and preparation of financial projections in terms of pro forma
statement, which includes cash flow, income statement and balance sheet. The primary purpose
of financial plan is to show the financial requirement to start the business and to keep the
business profitable and liquid. The financial plan is critical to the success of your business planespecially if it is for the purpose of getting a bank loan. The cash flow forecast is arguably the
most important part of the plan- however, each of the other documents is important from
planning perspective. In addition, the financial plan should be supported by depreciation
schedules for every fixed asset owned as well as amortization schedules for loan and hire
purchase repayment. It includes all financial data resulting from operating budgets which are
marketing, operations and administration budgets. All the budgets are put together and presented
in the financial plan. Besides that, financial plan helps to make sure the business development is
on the right track and the business progress goes on smoothly
86 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.2
A financial plan is a crucial to the overall business plan that is developed for a particular business
or project. Through the financial plan, we can see our business performance by evaluating its
profit and losses. Our business aims to have a good financial performance. The importance of a
financial plan are as below :
1. Long range view
In business it is easy to become focused on the crises or issues that must be dealt with on
a daily basis. The price for being too short-term oriented is that the owner may not spend
enough time planning what needs to be done to grow the business long-term. The
financial plan, with its forward looking focus, allow the business owner to better see what
expenditures need to be make to keep the company on a growth track and to stay ahead of
competitors. The financial plan is a blueprint for continual improvement in the company
and performance.
2. Measuring progress
Especially in the early stages of their ventures, small business owners work long hours
and deal with numerous challenges. It can be difficult to tell whether progress is being
made or whether the business is sinker. Seeing that actual results are better than focused
provides the small business owner needed encouragement. A chart showing steady
growth in revenues month by month, or a rising cash balance is a great motivating factor.
The financial plan helps the owner see, with the clarity of hard data, that the business is
on its way to being a success.
3. Cash management
Many business have monthly or seasonal variations in revenues, which translate into
periods when cash is plentiful and times when cash shortages occur. In building the
financial plan, the owner takes these cycles into account to keep a tight rein on in
negative consequences such as not being able to make payroll. By having a financial plan
that is structure, there is always a cash cushion which allows the business to take
advantage of opportunities that arise, such as the chance to purchase inventory rom
supplies at temporarily reduced prices.
87 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
4. Spotting trends
A business owner make so many decisions over the course of a month that it can be
difficult to tell which decisions resulted in success and which ideas or strategies did not
work. Preparing the financial plan involves setting quantifiable targets that can be
compared to actual results during the year. The owner can see, for example, whether an
increase in advertising expenditures led to the hoped-for jump in sales. Trends in the sales
of individual products help the owner make decision about how to allocate marketing.
5. Focused on expenditure
Conserving financial resources in a small business is a critical element of success. The
financial planning process helps a business owner identify the most important
expenditures, those that bring about immediate improvements in productivity, efficiency,
or market penetration, versus those that can be postponed until cash is more plentiful.
Even the largest, most well-capitalized corporations go through more plentiful. Even the
largest, most well-capitalized corporations go through this process, comparing the cost to
the benefits of proposed expenditure.
88 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.3
The steps that need to be followed in order to develop a financial plan are as shown below :
5.4
89 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.4.1
ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET
ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET
Particulars
Fixed Assets
Land & Building
Office Equipment
Fixed
Assets
5.4.1
Others
1,875
-
Working Capital
Salaries, EPF
Utilities
Rent
Monthly
Expanses
1,875
11,300
1,510
8,000
-
1,875
Total
20,810
MARKETING BUDGET
90 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
11,300
1,510
8,000
2,137
90
245
2,472
2,137
90
245
25,157
MARKETING BUDGET
Particulars
Fixed Assets
Sign Board
Fixed
Assets
Monthly
Expenses
Others
1,400
-
Total
1,400
-
Working Capital
100
-
Flyer
1,400
100
100
950
-
950
-
950
2450
91 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.4.3
OPERATION BUDGET
OPERATIONS BUDGET
Particulars
Fixed Assets
Machine & Equipment
Security & Fire System
Furniture & Fitting
Fixed
Assets
Others
33081
3480
32809
Working Capital
Raw Materials
Carriage Inward & Duty
Salaries, EPF & SOCSO
Monthly
Expenses
33,081
3,480
32,809
1,920
5,891
-
69,370
Total
7,811
1,920
5,891
379
379
92 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
379
77,560
5.4.4
DEPRECIATION METHOD
Straight Line
FIXED ASSETS
Furniture & fitting
Stationary
Signboard
Machine & Equipment
Security & Fire System
ECONOMIC LIFE
(YEAR)
10
5
5
10
10
93 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.5
Sales (Rm)
Purchases (Rm)
Month 1
25, 179
1,920
Month 2
25,179
1,018
Month 3
25,179
1,049
Month 4
29,375
2,098
Month 5
29,375
1,469
Month 6
37,768
1,888
Month 7
37,768
1,469
Month 8
41,965
1,888
Month 9
37,768
1,679
Month 10
37,768
1,469
Month 11
46,161
2,728
Month 12
46,161
2,308
Total Year 1
419,646
20,983
Total Year 2
440,628
22,032
Total Year 3
484,691
24,235
5%
5%
10%
10%
5.5
94 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Sales (Rm)
Purchases (Rm)
Month 1
25, 179
1,920
Month 2
25,179
1,018
Month 3
25,179
1,049
Month 4
29,375
2,098
Month 5
29,375
1,469
Month 6
37,768
1,888
Month 7
37,768
1,469
Month 8
41,965
1,888
Month 9
37,768
1,679
Month 10
37,768
1,469
Month 11
46,161
2,728
Month 12
46,161
2,308
Total Year 1
419,646
20,983
Total Year 2
440,628
22,032
Total Year 3
484,691
24,235
5%
5%
10%
10%
5.6
95 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Cost
Loan
Fixed Assets
HirePurchase
Own Contribution
Cash
1,875
Sign Board
1,400
1,400
33,081
3,480
32,809
33,081
3,480
32,809
Working
1
months
Capital
Administrative
Marketing
Operations
Pre-Operations & Other
Expenditure
Contingencies
10
%
TOTAL
150
1,725
20,810
100
7,811
3,801
4,427
811
2,801
16,383
100
7,000
1,000
10,517
7,495
3,022
115,683
15,68
3
100,000
96 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Existing
Fixed
Assets
5.7
Source
Equity
Cash Contribution :
Jerry Jampi Anak Giman ( General Manager)
Dorothy Rhamet Baru ( Marketing Manager )
Ignatius Presley ( Administrative Manager)
Justin Balang Razali ( Operation Manager )
Harrison Jhay Anak Kuyat ( Financial Manager )
Total
External Source
Loan (Bank Rakyat)
Total Source Of Finance
RM
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
100,000
15,683
115,683
97 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.8
Fixed Asset
Cost (RM)
Office Equipment
1,875
Method
Straight Line
Year
1
2
3
4
5
Annual
Depreciation
375
375
375
375
375
Accumulated
Depreciation
375
750
1,125
1,500
1,875
Fixed Asset
Cost (RM)
Sign Board
1,400
Method
Straight Line
Year
1
2
3
4
5
Annual
Depreciation
280
280
280
280
280
Accumulated
Depreciation
280
560
840
1,120
1,400
98 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Book Value
1,875
1,500
1,125
750
375
0
Book
Value
1,400
1,120
840
560
280
0
Fixed Asset
Cost (RM)
Method
Straight Line
10
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Annual
Depreciation
3,308
3,308
3,308
3,308
3,308
3,308
3,308
3,308
3,308
3,308
Fixed Asset
Cost (RM)
Method
Economic Life (years)
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Accumulated
Depreciation
3,308
6,616
9,924
13,232
16,541
19,849
23,157
26,465
29,773
33,081
Book
Value
33,081
29,773
26,465
23,157
19,849
16,541
13,232
9,924
6,616
3,308
0
Accumulated
Depreciation
348
696
1,044
1,392
1,740
2,088
2,436
2,784
3,132
3,480
99 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Book
Value
3,480
3,132
2,784
2,436
2,088
1,740
1,392
1,044
696
348
0
Fixed Asset
Cost (RM)
Method
Straight Line
10
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Annual
Depreciation
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
0
Accumulated
Depreciation
3,281
6,562
9,843
13,124
16,405
19,685
22,966
26,247
29,528
0
100 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Book
Value
32,809
29,528
26,247
22,966
19,685
16,405
13,124
9,843
6,562
3,281
3,281
Fixed Asset
Cost (RM)
Method
Straight Line
10
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Annual
Depreciation
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
3,281
0
Accumulated
Depreciation
3,281
6,562
9,843
13,124
16,405
19,685
22,966
26,247
29,528
0
101 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Book
Value
32,809
29,528
26,247
22,966
19,685
16,405
13,124
9,843
6,562
3,281
3,281
5.9
Interest Rate
5%
Duration (yrs)
10
Method
Annual Rate
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Principal
1,568
1,568
1,568
1,568
1,568
1,568
1,568
1,568
1,568
1,568
Interest
784
706
627
549
470
392
314
235
157
78
Total Payment
2,352
2,274
2,196
2,117
2,039
1,960
1,882
1,804
1,725
1,647
Principal Balance
15,683
14,115
12,547
10,978
9,410
7,842
6,273
4,705
3,137
1,568
0
102 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.10
103 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.11
Sales
Less: Cost of Sales
Purchases
Gross Profit
Less: Expenditure
Administrative Expenditure
Marketing Expenditure
Other Expenditure
Business Registration &
Licences
Other Pre-Operations
Expenditure
Interest on Loan
Depreciation of Fixed
Assets
Operations Expenditure
Total Expenditure
Net Profit Before Tax
Tax
Net Profit After Tax
Accumulated Net Profit
Year 1
419,646
Year 2
440,628
Year 3
484,691
20,983
22,032
24,235
398,663
418,596
460,456
249,720
1,200
3,466
90
262,206
1,260
3,639
288,427
1,386
4,003
784
7,592
706
7,592
627
7,592
70,686
74,220
81,642
354,766
64,880
0
64,880
64,880
369,669
70,959
0
70,959
133,853
405,727
78,964
0
78,964
214,803
2137
104 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.12
Year 2
Year 3
1,500
1,125
750
Sign Board
1,120
840
560
29,773
3,132
29,528
26,465
2,784
26,247
23,157
2,436
22,966
65,053
57,461
49,869
0
0
0
0
0
0
119,250
116,250
194,282
194,282
281,472
281,472
181,303
251,743
331,341
100,000
64,880
164,880
100,000
133,853
233,853
100,000
210,631
310,631
14,115
12,547
10,978
14,115
12,547
10,978
2,308
3,357
5,560
181,303
251,743
331,341
ASSETS
Other Assets
Deposit
Current Assets
Stock of Raw Materials
Stock of Finished Goods
Accounts Receivable
Cash Balance
TOTAL ASSETS
Owners' Equity
Capital
Accumulated Profit
Long-Term Liabilities
Loan Balance
Hire-Purchase Balance
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable
TOTAL EQUITY &
LIABILITIES
105 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.13
FORECASTED PERFORMANCE
Particular
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
PROFITABILITY
Sales
Gross Profit
Net Income Before Tax
Net Income After Tax
Accumulated Net Income
419,646
398,663
64,880
64,880
64,880
440,628
418,596
68,973
68,973
133,853
484,691
460,456
76,776
76,776
210,631
LIQUIDITY
Total cash receipt
Total cash payment
Excess (Deficit)
Accumulated cash
535,329
421,387
113,942
113,942
440,628
365,632
74,996
188,938
484,691
401,889
82,802
271,740
SAFETY
Owner equity
Fixed asset
Current asset
Long term liability
Current liability
164,880
65,053
113,942
14,115
2,308
233,853
57,461
118,938
12,546
3,357
310,631
49,869
271,740
10,978
5,560
FINANCIAL RATIOS
Profitability
Return on asset
Return on equity
Gross profit margin
35.79%
39.35%
95%
28.19%
30.09%
95%
23.83%
25.08%
95%
50
50
58
58
51
51
9.96%
9.06%
82
6.74%
6.32%
100
5.25%
4.99%
125
Liquidity
Current ratio
Quick ratio (Acid Test)
Safety
Debt to equity
Debt to asset
Time interest earned
106 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
5.14
FINANCIAL RATIO
Financial analysis is a technique to examine financial statements where the financial position and
performance of the business are examined. The basic steps in financial analysis are generating
the information from the financial statements and interpreting the results. Financial ratios are
used to compared figures from financial statement which other figures. There are various type of
financial ratio thet can be considered and they are classified into 5 categories :
Liquidity Ratio
Profitability Ratio
Solvency Ratio
107 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
LIQUIDITY RATIO
It refers to the availability of liquid assets to meet short term obligations. They measure the
ability of the business to pay monthly bills. The most commonly used liquidity ratios are current
ratio and quick ratio.
a) Current ratio
It can be determined by dividing the total current assets by total current liabilities. This
ratio will show a businesss ability to generate cash to meets its short term obligations.
CURRENT RATIO = CURRENT ASSET
CERRENT LIABILITY
108 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Current Ratios
62
60
58
56
54
Ratio
52
50
48
46
44
1
2
Year
109 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
b) Quick ratio
It is also known as acid test ratio, where it measures the extent to which current liabilities
are covered by liquid assets. Calculation of liquid assets does not include prepaid
expenses because at times it can be difficult to them into cash quickly.
QUICK RATIO =
(CURRENT ASSET-STOCK)
CURRENT LIABILITY
Quick Ratios
60
58
56
54
Ratio 52
50
48
46
1
2
Year
110 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
PROBABILITY RATIO
It is very important in order to indicate a business financial performance. Investors are usually
interested in these as they want to measure the performance and growth potential of a business.
Some of widely used profitability ratios besides gross profit margin and net profit margin are the
return on investment and return to equity.
a) Return on Equity
It shows that the business has earned on its investment in the business. It can be calculated by
dividing net equity by owners equity.
RETURN ON EQUITY =
NET PROFIT
EQUITY
111 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Return on Equity
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
Percent
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
1
2
Year
b) Return on Assets
112 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
RETURN ON INVESTMENT =
NET PROFIT
TOTAL ASSETS
Return on Assets
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
Percent
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
1
2
Year
113 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
SOLVENCY RATIO
It helps entrepreneur to measure the degree of financial risk that this business faces. This type of
ratio can help indicate this level of debt and decide whether it is appropriate for the business.
One of the commonly used solvency ratios besides debt to total assets and time interest earned is
debt equity.
a) Debt to Equity
It shows the proportion of the debt financing to the owners equity contribution.
DEBT TO EQUITY =
114 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
Debts to Equity
12%
10%
8%
Percent
6%
4%
2%
0%
1
2
Year
OWNERS EQUITY
115 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
b) Debt to Asset
Ratio measure the percentage of the business assets financed by creditor relative to the
percentage financed by the entrepreneur.
Debts to Assets
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
Percent
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
1
2
Year
116 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
NET INCOME
INTEREST EXPENSES
117 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
60
40
20
0
1
2
Year
118 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
6.0
CONCLUSION
We have made a study and have seen that there are many oppurtunities and benefits to be
obtained along with the development of our country at present. The demand for the karaoke
industries will be increased if there is increasing of social awareness by the population in our
country, especially Sarawak. Although there is many competitors in Sarawak itself, which take
part in this business, we think that our oppurtunities and chance to enter this business still have a
great potential in order for us to go further, and also open a few more business in the future. As a
Bumiputeras, we should be innovative and creative to suceed in managing our business. In
future, we plan to involve in other activities such as become a supplier for exercise equipment
and we also plan to make our company as the biggest company in the industry. In addition, we
beleive that this business will suceed for a few years later from now and we also beleive that this
business will be expended more than on what we expected.
119 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )
120 | F u n d a m e n t a l O f E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ( E N T 3 0 0 )