Tabari Volume 39
Tabari Volume 39
428207
VOLUME XXXIX
Biographies of the Prophet's Companions
and Their Successors
AL-TABARI' S SUPPLEMENT TO HIS HISTORY
e
The History of al-Tabari
Editorial Board
Ihsan Abbas, University of Jordan, Amman
C. E. Bosworth, The University of Manchester
Franz Rosenthal, Yale University
Everett K. Rowson, The University of Pennsylvania
Ehsan Yar-Shater, Columbia University (General Editor)
Estelle Whelan, Editorial Coordinator
SUNY
SERIES IN NEAR EASTERN STUDIES
410
We note with profound regret the death on October 13,
1997, of Dr. Estelle Whelan, who capably coordinated and
saw through the press the publication of most of the
volumes in this series, including the present one.
The preparation of this volume was made possible in part by
a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities,
an independent federal agency.
Bibliotheca Persica
Edited by Ehsan Yar-Shater
Ella Landau-Tasseron
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Published by
State University of New York Press, Albany
1998 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
97-45138
CIP
ro 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4^
Preface
THE HISTORY OF PROPHETS AND KINGS (Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'lmuluk) by Abu Ja`far Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari (839-923), here
rendered as The History of al-Tabari, is by common consent the
most important universal history produced in the world of Islam.
It has been translated here in its entirety for the first time for the
benefit of non-Arabists, with historical and philological notes for
those interested in the particulars of the text.
vi Preface
Al-Tabari very often quotes his sources verbatim and traces the
chain of transmission (isndd) to an original source. The chains of
transmitters are, for the sake of brevity, rendered by only a dash
(-) between the individual links in the chain. Thus, "According
to Ibn Humayd-Salamah-Ibn Ishaq" means that al-Tabari received the report from Ibn Humayd, who said that he was told by
Salamah, who said that he was told by Ibn Ishaq, and so on. The
numerous subtle and important differences in the original Arabic
wording have been disregarded.
The table of contents at the beginning of each volume gives a
brief survey of the topics dealt with in that particular volume. It
also includes the headings and subheadings as they appear in alTabari's text, as well as those occasionally introduced by the
translator.
Well-known place names, such as, for instance, Mecca, Baghdad, Jerusalem, Damascus, and the Yemen, are given in their English spellings. Less common place names, which are the vast
majority, are transliterated. Biblical figures appear in the accepted
English spelling. Iranian names are usually transcribed according
to their Arabic forms, and the presumed Iranian forms are often
discussed in the footnotes.
Technical terms have been translated wherever possible, but
some, such as "dirham," and "imam," have been retained in Arabic forms. Others that cannot be translated with sufficient precision have been retained and italicized, as well as footnoted.
The annotation is aimed chiefly at clarifying difficult passages,
identifying individuals and place names, and discussing textual
difficulties. Much leeway has been left to the translators to include
in the footnotes whatever they consider necessary and helpful.
The bibliographies list all the sources mentioned in the annotation.
The index in each volume contains all the names of persons and
places referred to in the text, as well as those mentioned in the
notes as far as they refer to the medieval period. It does not include
the names of modem scholars. A general index, it is hoped, will
appear after all the volumes have been published.
For further details concerning the series and acknowledgments,
see Preface to Volume I.
Ehsan Yar-Shater
1^
Contents
to
Preface / v
Abbreviations / xiii
Translator's Foreword / xv
viii Contents
[Those Who Were Killed in the Year 16 (637/638)] / 22
[Those Who Died or Were Killed in the Year 23 (643/644)] / 22
[Those Who Died in the Year 32 (652/653)] / 23
Those Who Died or Were Killed in the Year 33 (653/654) / 25
[Those Who Were Killed in the Year 36 (656/657)] / 27
Those Who Died or Were Killed in the Year 37 (657/658) / 28
Those Who Died or Were Killed in the Year 40 (66o/66i) / 36
Those Who Died in the Year 50 (670/671) / 37
Those Who Died or Were Killed in the Year 52 (672) / 40
Those Who Died or Were Killed in the Year 54 (673/674) / 40
Contents ix
The Allies of the Band Nawfal b. `Abd Manaf b. Qusayy / 104
The Names of the Campanions Who Outlived the Prophet and
from Whom Knowledge Was Transmitted, of the Band Asad
b. `Abd al-`Uzza b. Qusayy b. Kilab / 1o5
The Names of Those Who Transmitted [Traditions] from the
Prophet, of the Band `Abd al-Dar b. Qusayy b. Kilab / 1o6
The Names of Those Who Transmitted [Traditions] from the
Prophet, of the Band Zuhrah b. Kilab, Brother of Qusayy b.
Kilab / 107
Those Who Transmitted [Traditions] from the Prophet, of the
Allies of the Band Zuhrah / i io
The Names of Those Who Transmitted [Traditions] from the
Prophet, of the Band Taym b. Murrah / 111
x Contents
Those of the Banu Dabbah b. Udd b. Tabikhah b. al-Yas b.
Mudar [Who Outlived the Prophet and Transmitted
Traditions from Him] / 12 5
Those of the Banu Ja`dah b. Ka`b b. RabI ah b. Amir b. Sa`sa`ah
[Who Outlived the Prophet and Transmitted Traditions from
Him] / 126
Contents
The Prophet's Wives Who Died during His Lifetime / 163
The [Death] Dates of the Prophet's Daughters, Paternal Aunts,
xi
xii Contents
Those Who Died in the Year 161 (777/778) / 257
Qurashi [Women], [Younger] Contemporaries of Companions of
the Prophet, from Whom Knowledge Was Transmitted / 278
The Following are Names and Kunyahs Mentioned in the
History / 281
The Women Contemporary with the Prophet Who Gave Him
the Oath of Allegiance and Are Known by Their
Kunyahs / 286
The Kunyahs of People Who Outlived the Prophet and Were
Known by Their Names, Not by Their Kunyahs / 287
Those of the Prophet's Companions Who Were Known by [the
Names of ] Their Patrons or Brothers or by Their [Own]
Nicknames or by Their Grandfathers, Instead of Their Actual
Fathers / 300
The Names of the Successors Who Were Known by Their
Kunyahs / 303
16
Abbreviations
00
46
Translator's Foreword
9. Among the earliest authors in this genre were Yahya b. Main (d. 203/818),
Muhammad b. `Umar al-Wagidi ( d. 204/ 819), his pupil and scribe Muhammad b.
Sad (d. 230/845), Khalifah b. Khayyat ( d. 240/854), Muslim b . al-Hajjaj (d. 261/875),
and Muhammad b. Ismail al-Bukhari (d. 256 /870). See al-Sakhawi, 315 , 336-57; alKattani, 96-105, ro8 - io. The genre is much more complex than is possible to
describe in the present context. See further Hafsi; Gibb , "Islamic Biographical
Literature "; Juynboll, Muslim Tradition , 134-90; Auchterlonie, 2-3.
so. Loth, 581.
xx Translator's Foreword
and also others of different persuasions. his statement, however,
may signify that his pursuit of the "science of traditionists" (`ilm
al-rijdl) arose from a broader interest than usual. Not only the
transmission of the prophetic tradition but also the application of
religious law was to profit from his biographical work.
While recording the biographies of eminent members of the
Muslim community al-Tabari mentions the great historical
events in which they were involved. Wishing to be concise, he
refers the reader to another place for further details, saying: "The
accounts about him were already recorded in our book entitled
The Supplemented (al-Mudhayyal). " 17 There is a mystery here. It
appears that a book by someone as well known as al-Tabari is
virtually unknown. De Goeje found only two references to alMudhayyal in the literature, one in an anonymous work on astrology and chronology, the other in Hamzah al-Isfahani's book.18
The latter refers to al-Mudhayyal as a very famous work,19 but no
biobibliography, whether ancient or modern, records a book by alTabari under this title. What was this Mudhayyal, then, and how
did it relate to the History and to the present volume, Dhayl almudhayyal?
Loth defines Dhayl al-mudhayyal as an "'Appendix zum Supplement' seines (al-Tabari's) grossen Geschichtswerks." The
Mudhayyal was, in his opinion, the work announced by al-Tabari
in the introduction to the History; it was a preparatory work (Vorarbeit) in which al-Tabari collected material for the History. The
Dhayl was extracted from a more comprehensive work (alMudhayyal?).20 Loth thus conceives of the three titles, Ta'rikh,
al-Mudhayyal, and Dhayl al-mudhayyal, as applying to three
different works. He seems to be confusing the Dhayl, announced
in the introduction to the History, with al-Mudhayyal. There is
no evidence that al-Mudhayyal was a Vorarbeit. His rendering of
the title Dhayl al-mudhayyal as "Appendix zum Supplement" is
17. Al-Tabari, III, 2321, 2335, 2476, 2498. For the reference occurring on page
2358, see p. xxii, below.
18. Introductio, p. xiv. The anonymous work is Duster al-munajjimin; see
Blochet, 12.
i9. Hamzah al-Isfahani, 121.
20. Loth, 582.
b
I N
-3
z
(a.
ro
J.
rri
1^
Excerpts from the Book Entitled
The Supplement to the
Supplemented: Biographies of
Companions and Their Successors
00
Biographies
She died three years before the Emigration , at the age of sixtyfive. This information was transmitted to me by al -Harith [b. Muhammad] -[Muhammad] In Sa'd-Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Muhammad b. Salih and `Abd al-Ramman b. `Abd al-`Aziz.
Khadijah died in the month of Ramadan that year and was buried in al-Hajun.4
9. Abi alladhi arda`ani, meaning the husband of the child's wet nurse. Cf. Ibn
Ishaq, Sirah, 218; al-Wagidi, 13, 688.
Io. An important north Arabian tribe; see "Murra," EP, VII, 628-30 (E. LandauTasseron).
11. Cf. Guillaume, 534; Ibn Abi Shaybah, Musannaf, IV, 577; al-Halabi, III, 77;
Ibn al-Athir, Kdmil, II, 113-14; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1614.
12. Arab warriors of pre- Islamic times practiced `aqr, that is, cutting their own
horses' hamstrings during battle to prevent the possibility of fleeing the enemy.
Muslim scholars debated the permissibility of this act and placed restrictions upon
it. The original pre-Islamic social significance of the custom was obfuscated in
Islamic times by the argument that the purpose of hamstringing was to prevent a
victorious enemy from obtaining Muslim horses from a Muslim defeat. See Ibn
Hudhayl, I, 40, 48 (text), II, 207, 225 (translation). Mercier is incorrect in translating `aqr as having the horse killed.
13. See p. 47, below.
14. While Muhammad was active in Mecca, some dozens of his followers emigrated to Abyssinia at his suggestion, for reasons that are not entirely clear, probably in A.D. 615-17. The followers gradually returned, though some stayed till
7/628. See Guillaume, 146-53, 167-69; Lings, 81-84; Watt, Muhammad at Mecca,
109-17; Caetani, I, 262-84.
15. That is, in the year 622. See Guillaume, 221-27, 281; Lings, 118-22; "Hidjra," E12, III, 366-67 (W. M. Watt).
16. Khaybar was a Jewish settlement north of Medina, conquered by Muhammad in Muharram 7/May 628. See Guillaume, 510-19; Lings, 263-69; "Khaybar,"
E12, N, 1137-43 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1575-84.
Biographies
[2299]
Biographies
29. The sacred place in front of the Ka'bah where sacrifices were made, oaths
taken, etc.; see Rubin, "Ka'ba."
30. That is, a paternal aunt of the Prophet. When Jahsh, originally of the bedouin
tribe of Asad, decided to settle in Mecca, he became an ally of the leader Umayyah
b. Abd Shams and married Umaymah, daughter of the rival leader, `Abd alMuttalib, grandfather of the Prophet. See Muhammad Ibn Habib, Munammaq,
357; Kister, "On Strangers and Allies," 138-39.
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Biographies
Zayd b. Harithah, and [other] adopted sons were named after their
[real] fathers. Al-Migdad was called [ibn] `Amr after he had been
named al - Miqdad b. al-Aswad since al-Aswad b. `Abd Yaghuth
had adopted him.
37. Al-Khandaq (the Ditch) is the name given in Muslim tradition to the siege by
the Quraysh and their allies of Medina in the year 5/627. It is related that the
Muslims dug a ditch to defend the town, and the besiegers eventually dispersed
without achieving any result. See "Khandak," E12, IV, 1020 (W. M. Watt); Watt,
Muhammad at Medina, 35-39; Guillaume, 456-61; Wellhausen, Muhammad,
190-210; Caetani, I, 611-26; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1463-85. Al-I;Iudaybiyyah is a
place near Mecca where Muhammad concluded a ten-year peace treaty with the
Meccans. See "Hudaybiya," E12, III, 539 (W. M. Watt); Watt, "Expedition"; Lecker,
"Hudaybiyya-Treaty"; Hawting, "Hudaybiyya"; Guillaume, 499-510; Lings, 24756; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 241-64; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1528-59.
[The Year 9]
(April 20, 63 o-April 8, 631)
In the year 9/630, in Sha`ban/November, Umm Kulthum, daughter of the Prophet, died.42
The Prophet said the ritual prayer over her bier, and it was
reported that `Ali b. Abi Talib, al-Fadl b. al-`Abbas, and Usamah b.
Zayd descended into her grave.43 She is the one to whom Umm
38. Khalifahb. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 55; Ibn Sa'd, III/2 , 110-11; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb,
I, 247. On the Ansar see "Ansar," EI2, I, 5i4-15 (W. M. Watt); Hasson,
"Contribution."
39. Iidh` means a palm trunk (conveying the notion of hardiness), whereas jadha' means a strong young man.
40. See "`Akaba," EI2, I, 314 (W. M. Watt); Guillaume, 198-207; Kister,
"Papyrus."
41. In the year 8/630 Mecca fell to the Muslims with hardly any resistance. It
was then that most of the Quraysh, in particular the noble families, were converted to Islam . Shortly afterward the Thaqif, the ruling tribe of the nearby town alTa'if, organized a bedouin army, which was defeated by Muhammad at a place
called Hunayn. Muhammad then laid siege to al-Ta'if but had to withdraw without
achieving any result. Shortly afterward, however, the Thaqif joined Islam of their
own volition. See Kennedy, 42-43; Guillaume, 540-61, 587-92; Watt, Muhammad at Medina, 65-73; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 319-73; Caetani, ll, 105-79;
I Iamidullah, Battlefields, 36; Kister, "Ta'if "; al-Wagidl, 780-992; Ibn Hisham, IV,
31-129, 182-88; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 353-68; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1618-44,
r654-7442. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 57; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 401.
43. Descending into the grave of the deceased was apparently a pre-Islamic
custom, at least in Medina. It was sometimes , but not regularly, practiced by the
Prophet in person . Historians of Medina mention five such instances. See `Umar b.
Shabbah, I, 121-24; al-Samhudi, III, 897-99. The practice continued in early Islam;
12
Biographies
`Atiyyah referred when she said: "I washed one of the Prophet's
daughters. "4a
According to Anas b. Malik: When Umm Kulthum was laid in
her grave the Prophet said "Let no one who has become impure by
approaching his wife tonight, descend into the grave"; he said: "Is
there among you anyone who has not become impure by approaching his wife tonight?" Abu Talhah45 said "I, 0 Messenger of
God"; so the Prophet said "Descend," and Abu Tallhah did so.
13
14
Biographies
return to her that which belongs to her, do so." They said "Yes, 0
Messenger of God!" So they set Abu al-`As free and returned to
Zaynab that which belonged to her.
Abu-al-`As remained married to Zaynab, even though he was
still a pagan.52 Shortly before the fatlh, that is, the conquest of
Mecca,53 he went to Syria [carrying] merchandise [for sale], as well
as goods that the Quraysh delivered through him. After he finished his trade and was on his way back he came across one of the
Prophet's raiding parties; according to another version, it was the
Prophet himself who had sent the party [to raid] the caravan Abu
al-`As was traveling with on its way back from Syria.54 [The party]
comprised 170 mounted raiders under the command of Zayd b.
Harithah. This occurred in Jumada I, 6/October 627. The party
appropriated goods and took some of the caravan's passengers prisoner, but Abu al-`As escaped, and they could not overtake him.
The party returned [to Medina] with the booty, and Abu al-`As
came at night and entered [the dwelling of ] Zaynab, the Prophet's
daughter, seeking her protection. She granted him protection for
as long as he was occupied with retrieving his property.55 In the
morning the Prophet came out for the morning prayer. He uttered
the formula "God is great" Allah akbar), and the people did the
same; according to [Muhammad] Ibn IIumayd-Salamah [b. alFadl]-Muhammad Ibn Ishaq-Yazid b. Ruman: Zaynab called
out "O people, I have granted protection to Abu al-As b. al-Raba`."
On finishing the prayer the Prophet came before the people and
said: "0 people, did you hear what I heard?" They replied "Yes,"
whereupon he said: "By He Who holds Muhammad's soul in His
52. Literally, the sentence reads "Abu al-`As remained with her, professing paganism [or, in spite of his paganism]," but as the story continues it becomes
evident that Zaynab lived in Medina, whereas Abu al-`As lived in Mecca. They
were separated until Abu al-As was converted to Islam; see note 57.
53 The term fath usually refers to the conquest of Mecca in the year 8/630. The
original meaning may have been different, although still connected with the sanctuary in Mecca; see Hawting, "Hudaybiyya."
54. The raid of al-`Is; see the references in note 5o, above.
55. Literally, "in the matter of demanding his property." Granting protection,
jiwar, was common in pre-Islamic times. Protection was sometimes granted
against all hazards, at other times only against certain stipulated ones. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, 22-23; p. 1116, below.
15
hands, I never knew about any of this until I heard of it [now], just
as you did. [Know that] the lowest-ranking Muslim [is authorized] [2305]
to grant [someone] protection from other Muslims ."56 The
Prophet then retreated and went to see his daughter Zaynab. He
said to her "0 daughter, treat Abu al-`As well, but do not let him
touch you, because you are not lawful to him."57
According to Ibn Ishaq-`Abdallah b. Abi Bakr: The Prophet
sent [a message] to the raiding party that had looted Abu al-'As's
property, saying: "You know this man's standing in relation to us;
now you plundered property that belongs to him. If you act in a
commendable way, you will return that which belongs to him,
and this would be pleasing to us. However, if you refuse to do so
[you will be excused], because it is booty imparted to you by God,
and you are more entitled to it [than anyone else]." They said "0
Messenger of God, of course we will return it to him." They returned Abu al-As's property to him, to the point that someone
would even come with a rope, another with a worn-out leather bag
and a waterskin, yet another with a peg, until they returned to him
all his property; nothing was missing. Abu al-`As then left for
Mecca, where he handed every Qurayhi proprietor, that is, those
who had delivered goods through him, the property that belonged
to them. Then he said "0 people of Quraysh, has there remained
with me any property belonging to any of you that you did not yet
retrieve?" They said "No, may God reward you; indeed we found
that you are faithful and noble." He said: "I testify that there is no
god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. I
56. That is, the Muslim community was legally responsible for the safety of
anyone granted protection by any individual Muslim, regardless of the circumstances. This saying, here attributed to the Prophet (a Ihadith(, may have originated
during the Muslim conquests after Muhammad 's death, as a solution to the problem of the treaties with enemies. For example, objections were raised when Khalid
b. al-Walid concluded a peace treaty with leaders of Damascus , because he was not
commander-in-chief. Yet the commander-in-chief, Abu `Ubaydah, ratified the
treaty, saying "the lowest ranking Muslim . . . ." See al-Baladhuri, Futuh, 122.
Note that Abu `Ubaydah does not attribute the saying to the Prophet. See the
discussion, e.g., in Abu Yusuf, 61, 63 (where the example of Zaynab is mentioned),
68-69 (where protection granted by a slave is discussed) . See also In Abi Shaybah,
Musannaf, VII, 689-90; Ibn al-Murtada, V, 452; Ben Shemesh , III, 65 -66; cf. alWagidi, 7935 7. The Muslims had to divorce their pagan spouses; see note 59.
16
Biographies
63. Al-amin " the reliable one" was an epithet of the Prophet.
64. Ibn Sa`d, V, 329, VII/2 126; Khalifah b . Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 88, 100; idem,
Tabagat, 20, 299; In Hibban, Mashahir, 59; al-Razi, 147-48; Ibn Abi Shaybah,
Musannaf, IV, 577; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XX, 247. The Makhzum was a leading clan
among the Quraysh ; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 141.
65. See a similar story told about Safwan b. Umayyah ; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I,
1644-46.
66. `Ikrimah and his wife were paternal first cousins; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
14567. Cf. al-Halabi, III, 106-7; Ibn al -Athir, Kamil, II, 123-24.
68. Awsal al-nas. Being kind to one's family , i.e., practicing silat al-rahim, was
one of the highly appreciated social values in both the pre-Islamic and the Islamic
periods. It is distinct from tribal group solidarity , 'asabiyyah, which was condemned by Islam.
1 8 Biographies
believer and an Emigrant;69 do not curse his father,70 for to curse
the dead [only] harms the living and does not reach the dead."
`Ikrimah then arrived at the Prophet's door with his wife. She,
however, preceded him, asked permission to see the Prophet, and
went in. `Umar informed the Prophet that `Ikrimah had arrived, at
which the Prophet rejoiced and jumped to his feet-he did not
[even] have his cloak on-out of joy for `Ikrimah's [arrival]. He said
[to the woman] "Bring him in," whereupon `Ikrimah came in and
said "0 Muhammad,71 this woman here informs me that you
have granted me protection." The Prophet said "So you are protected." `Ikrimah reported: At that point I said "I declare that there
is no god but Allah alone; He has no partner, and you are the
servant of God and His messenger." I [also] said "You are the most
just, truthful, and faithful of all people." I said this bowing my
head because I felt ashamed before him. Then I said "0 Messenger
of God, forgive me all my enmity toward you and all the campaigns72 in which I hastened [to participate] so as to support paganism." The Prophet said "0 God, forgive `Ikrimah all his enmity toward me and all the campaigns in which he hastened [to
participate] in order to avert [others] from Your path." [Then] I said
"0 Messenger of God, instruct me with what you know is best, so
that I shall know it." The Prophet replied "Declare that you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His
servant and messenger, and exert yourself in the path of God."
`Ikrimah then said73 "By God, every sum of money I spent on
averting [others] from the path of God I shall doubly reciprocate,
69. The Emigrants, Muhdjirun, constituted the elite of the Muslim community,
both during the Prophet's lifetime and afterward. In this class were included those
who emigrated to Medina with the Prophet and afterward until the conquest of
Mecca. In some instances bedouins who remained in their own territory but committed themselves to Islam were also included. The account of `Ikrimah's conversion is an attempt to include the Quraysh, who were converted after the conquest
of Mecca, in the Islamic elite. See also p. 115 and note 541, below.
70. That is, Abu Jahl, who had been a fervent opponent of the Muslims and was
killed in the battle of Badr; see "Abu Djahl," E12, I, 115 (W. M. Watt).
71. Unbelievers addressed the PropEi t by his name, whereas Muslims always
said "0 Messenger of God," as indeed `Ikrimah does later in the story.
72. Or, undertakings, deeds; see Glossarium, s.v. markab.
73. The story reverts to the third person at this point.
[spending it] in the way of God ." He later exerted himself in battle
and was killed, becoming a shahid, at the battle of Ajnadayn74
during the caliphate of Abu Bakr.
In the year of his Pilgrimage75 the Prophet appointed `Ikrimah
tax collector of the tribal confederation of Hawazin.76 `Ikrimah
was in Tabalah77 when the Prophet died.
74. A battle between the Muslims and a Byzantine force, usually said to have
taken place between al -Ramlah and Bayt fibrin in Palestine in the year 13/634.
Both the location and the date are, however , disputed; see Donner, Early Islamic
Conquests, 128-30.
75. Three months before his death, in 10 /632, the Prophet performed a pilgrimage to Mecca . This occasion is called "the Farewell Pilgrimage" (hajlat alwada`).
76. The Hawazin was a large tribal confederation, attached to the town of alTa'if; see "Hawazin," EI2, III, 285-86 (W. M. Watt). As for tax collectors sent by the
Prophet, there are various lists; see p. 83, below.
77. A place on the way to the Yemen, about 150 miles south of Mecca; see
Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, I, 816-17.
78. Of the Prophet' s clan, the Band Hashim. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
104; idem, Tabagat, 6 ; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 58.
79. An early convert who was killed in the battle of Ulhud ; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah,
I, 353-54.
8o. The Prophet changed his name to `Abdallah; see note 234, below. He is
counted among the Companions; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 292.
81. Ibn Sa'd, 1V/I, 31.
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Biographies
82. A town on the Red Sea shore; see "Djudda," E12,11, 571-72 (R. Hartmann
[Phebe Ann Man]).
83. After the Emigration to Medina Muhammad instituted "brotherhood"
(mu'akhdh) between pairs of Muslims. Among other things such "brothers" inherited from one another. See Watt, Muhammad at Medina, 248-49. Guillaume,
234-35; Simon, "L'institution"; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 71; alBaladhuri, Ansab, I, 270.
84. That is, their partnership included all their property (shirkat almufawaciah), as opposed to partnership in part of the property only (shirkat
al-`inan).
85. This is worthy of note because at a certain point during this battle most of
the Muslims defected, and it took a second offensive to gain victory. See al-Waqidi,
897-907; P. 25, below.
86. Ka-anni anzuru ila rimahika.... This expression denotes foreknowledge of
events and is often used as a literary device to anticipate later developments in the
story. Here it also points to the prophetic powers of Muhammad.
87. In the year 13/634.
88. Al-Bags` was the first Islamic cemetery in Medina, instituted during the
Prophet's lifetime. Most of the Companions, the members of the Prophet's family,
and many Successors (tabi`un) were buried there. See "Baki` al-Gharkad," E12, I,
957-58 (A. J. Wensinck [A. S. Bazmee Ansari]); `Umar b. Shabbah, I, 86-133.
21
22
Biographies
97. The second caliph, of the Qurashi clan the Banu Adi. See "`Omar ibn al-
24 Biographies
Al-Tufayl b. al-Harith took part in the battles of Badr, Uhud, and
all the [other] battles, on the Prophet's side.
He died in the year 32 at the age of seventy.
Al-Husayn b. al-IHarith b. al-Muttalib b. `Abd Manaf.105
He was a brother of Ubaydah and al-Tufayl, sons of al Harith.
[2311j He died that same year, a few months after his brother al-Tufayl.
Al-Husayn had participated in Badr, Ulhud, and all the [other]
battles on the Prophet's side.
[2312]
26
Biographies
122. One of Mulhammad 's closest Companions, of the Qurashi clan Asad. See
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 161, 168; idem, Tabagat, 13; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir,
25-26; In Hanbal , Facla 'il, 733-38; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib , Ta'rikh, I14-15; Ibn
Sa'd, III/1, 70-73.
123. Ibn Sa'd, III/r, 71.
124. Literally, "Al-Zubayr's inheritance was divided according to forty millions" (i.e., that amount was taken as the basis for dividing the inheritance). On alZubayr's legendary wealth, see Ibn al-Zubayr, 203.
125. This can refer either to the just-mentioned chain of authorities or to another, unspecified one.
126. In the year 36/656 al-Zubayr, his associate Talhah b. `Ubaydallah ( see be-
28
Biographies
December 5, 656, after the battle had taken place, al-Zubayr rode
his horse, named Dhu al-Khimar, and left for Medina. He was
killed [on the way] in Wadi al-Sibs` and was buried there.127
`Urwah [b. al-Zubayr] said: My father was killed in [the immediate
aftermath of ] the battle of the Camel, aged sixty-four.
[2314] Talhah b. `Ubaydallah b. `Uthman b. `Amr b. Ka'b b. Sa'd b.
Taym b. Murrah.128
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad. His mother was al-Sabah bt.
`Abdallah al-Hadrami.
Talhah was killed, in [the immediate aftermath of] the battle of
the Camel, by Marwan b. al-IHakam.
Talhah had a son named Muhammad and surnamed al-Sajjad
(the Worshipper). Talhah's kunyah was [Abu Muhammad] after
[this son]. He was killed with his father, Talhah, in the battle of
the Camel.
Talhah was an early convert to Islam, [yet] he did not take part
in the battle of Badr.
129. "`Ammar b. Yasir," E12, I, 448 (H. Reckendorf); In Sa'd, III/1, 176-89;
Khallfah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 173; idem, Tabagat, 21, 75, 189; Ibn Hanbal, Facia'il,
857-61; In Hibban, Mashahir, 74; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 156-75, V, 48-52.
131. The text has raba instead of aba, obviously an error. The Cairo edition,
508, has a hypercorrection (rabba, "raised"), whereas the Dar al-Fikr edition, 504,
has aba.
132. A leader of the powerful Qurashi clan the Makhznm, who died before
Islam, so that not much is known about him. See al-Zubayri, 300.
133. There are a few tribes by that name, all belonging to the confederation of
Rabi'ah. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 295, 298.
134. A member of the tribe of Thagzf, the people of the town al-Ta'if. He lived in
pre-Islamic times, learned the craft of medicine in Persia, and was known as the
Arab doctor of his time. See Hawting, "Development."
135. A son of the aforementioned al-Harith b. Kaladah by a slave girl named
Sumayyah (not identical with `Ammar's mother). He was freed by the Prophet and
became a well-known Companion. His offspring attained high positions in both
learning and administration. See Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Isti`ab, IV, 23; see Ibn Hajar,
IIabah, IV, 334-35, for the confusion between Sumayyah the slave girl of Abu
Iludhayfah and mother of `Ammar and Sumayyah the slave girl of al-IIarith b.
Kaladah and mother of Abu Bakrah and Salamah. Contrary to our text, Salamah b.
al-Azraq was not the half-brother of `Ammar).
[2315]
30
Biographies
31
ing at his ear, which had been cut and was dangling, while he
fought vehemently.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Abi `Ubaydah-his father-Lu'lu'ah, the client of Umm al-Hakam bt.
`Ammar b. Yasir: On the day `Ammar was killed, Hashim b.
`Utbah was carrying the flag;141 `Ali's companions suffered great
losses, until the time for the afternoon [prayer] came. When the
sun began setting `Ammar moved behind Hashim, advancing past
him. `Ammar was holding [a vessel with] a mixture of milk and
water and was awaiting sunset in order to break his fast. When the
sun had set and he had drunk the mixture he said: "I heard the
Prophet say'Your last meal in this world will be a mixture of milk
and water."' He then went forward and fought until he was killed.
He was ninety-four years old.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Abdallah b. al-Harithhis father-`Umarah b. Khuzaymah b. Thabit: Khuzaymah b.
Thabit [b. al-Fakih al-Ansari] was present at the battle of the
Camel but never drew his sword. He was [also] present at the
battle of SiffIn, where he said: "I shall never stray from the right
path, [as I will wait] until `Ammar is killed so that I can see who
kills him, for I have heard the Prophet say 'The unjust party will
kill [`Ammar]."' When `Ammar was killed Khuzaymah said "The
wrong way is now clear to me." Then he went forward and fought
until he was killed.
`Ammar's killer was Abu Ghadiyah of the Muzaynah tribe.142
He stabbed him with a lance, and `Ammar fell. [`Ammar] was
fighting [seated] in a litter that day; he was killed at the age of
ninety-four. When he fell [as a result of Abu Ghadiyah's blow] [23171
aging his fellow tribesmen and intimidating the enemy. `Ammar here encourages
the people also by reminding them that death in battle will earn them paradise.
141. The reference is to the battle of Siffin, in the year 37/657, between the
fourth caliph, `Ali b. Abi Talib, and his opponent Mu'awiyah b. Abi Sufyan, who
later founded the Umayyad dynasty. See Kennedy, 78-79; Wellhausen, Arab Kingdom, 75-112; Petersen, 186-96; Hinds, "Siffin"; Hawting, First Dynasty, 28;
Caetani, IX, 429-541; Nasr b. Muzahim; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh I, 3256-3349 (3317-22
on `Ammar. Cf. Ibn al-Jawzi, Muntazam, V, 118-19.
142. There were at least two persons by the name Abu Ghadiyah. According to
Ibn IIajar, Isabah, IV, 150-52, following many other scholars, the Abu Ghadiyah
who killed `Ammar was not the one of the Muzaynah but the one of the tribe of
Juhaynah. Both are counted among the Companions. Cf. Nasr b. Muzal.im, 33942
32
Biographies
another man bent down over him and pierced his head . The two
men started quarreling, each claiming "It was I who killed him,"
whereupon `Amr b. al-'As said "Indeed, these two are contesting
[the 'right' to enter] hell. 1114-3 Mu `awiyah heard this, and when the
two men were gone he said to `Amr: "I never saw anything like
what you did. These people fought with devotion for our cause,
and you tell them 'You are contesting [the "right " to enter] hell?"'
`Amr said : " By God, this is so and, by God, you do know this [too].
I wish I had died twenty years before this."
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Ja`far-Ibn
Abi `Awn: `Ammar was killed when he was ninety -one years old;
he had been born before the Prophet . [He was killed like this]:
Three men approached him, namely , 'Uqbah b. `Amir al-Juhani,
Umar b . al-IIarith al-Khawlani, and Shank b. Salamah alMuradi.144 They drew near him together while he was saying "By
God, [even] if you beat us [so hard] that you make us reach the
palm trees of Hajar, 145 we know that we are in the right and you in
the wrong." All [three] of them pounced on him and killed him.
Some people claim that 'Uqbah b . `Amir killed him, whereas others hold that it was `Umar b . al-Harith al -Khawlani.
Abu Ja `far [al-Tabari] says : According to Hisham b. Muhammad
[al-Kalbi]-Abu Mikhnaf: `Ammar did not desist from urging on
Hashim b . `Utbah, who was carrying the flag, until he [announced
a] charge. Then `Ammar got up, leading his squadron, and Dhu alKala` rose up to him , leading his own squadron.146 They fought
143. Or, "These two will be quarreling nowhere but in hell ." `.Amr, who supported Mu`awiyah, implies that Mu`awiyah acted wrongfully and was bound to go
to hell together with his supporters. See also Nasr b . Muzahim , 333, 341
144. 'Uqbah b. `Amir was a famous Companion credited with the transmission
of many prophetic traditions , a poet who mastered the art of writing , and a Qur'an
reader who had a version of the holy book different from the canonical `Uthmani
text ( see note 94, above, but he is not recorded by Jeffery). He supported Mu`awiyah
against `Ali and was later appointed governor of Egypt. See Ibn IHajar, Isabah, II,
489; al-Kind-1, 35-36 . The two other persons mentioned here are apparently much
less well known; see Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, X, 306.
145. Oases situated in the eastern part of the Arabian peninsula , also known as
al-Ahsa' or Hasa; see "Hasa," EI2, III, 2 37-38 (F. S. Vidal).
146. Cf. Nasr b . Muzahim, 333 Dhu al-Kala`, of the Yemeni people of Himyar,
was a powerful local king in the Yemen in pre -Islamic times. He was converted to
Islam as late as the time of the second caliph, `Umar, and became one of the most
powerful leaders of the Yemeni tribes in Syria. He supported Mu`awiyah against
33
and were both killed, and both their squadrons were entirely [2318]
destroyed. Huwayy al-Saksaki147 and Abu Ghadiyah al-Muzani
[were the ones who] fell on `Ammar and killed him. [Later] Abu
Ghadiyah was asked "How did you kill him?" He said "When our
squadrons moved toward each other, he called out 'Is anyone prepared to fight a duel? '148 A man of the Sakasik came forward, they
exchanged blows with their swords, and `Ammar killed the Saksaki. Then he called [again], 'Is anyone prepared to fight a duel?' A
man of the Himyar came forward, they exchanged blows with
their swords, and `Ammar killed the Himyari, [but] the latter had
weakened him. [Then] `Ammar called out [again]: 'Who is prepared to fight a duel?' I came forward, and we exchanged blows.
His hand had already weakened, and I stooped and dealt him another blow, whereupon he fell, and I hit him with my sword until
he died. People shouted'You have killed Abu al-Yagzan; may God
kill you.' I said 'Go away; I do not care who you were.'149 I swear
that I did not recognize him that day." Muhammad b. alMuntashir said to Abu Ghadiyah "0 Abu al-Ghadiyah, on the day
of judgment your adversary will be mdrandar," meaning
,,bulky.,, 15o Abu Ghadiyah laughed.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Abi `Ubaydah
b. Muhammad b. `Ammar-his father-Lu'lu'ah, the client of
Umm al-Hakam bt. `Ammar, who described `Ammar to them saying: He was brown-toned, tall, flabby, his eyes dark blue, his
shoulders broad. He was not in the habit of dyeing his white hair.
`Ali and was killed in the battle of Siffin . See Hasson, Recherches, 167-70; Crone,
Slaves, 95; Nasr b . Muzahim, passim . On I;Iimyar, see note 405, below.
147. Huwayy seems famous mainly for killing `Ammar (but he is not mentioned
by Nasr b. Muzahim or by al -Tabari in the story of `Ammar's death); see Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 431-32; Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 196. His son was one of the notables of Damascus; see In Manzur, Mukhta$ar, XIX, 203. Huwayy's clan, the
Sakasik, was part of the powerful Yemeni tribe of Kindah ; see "Kinda," EI2, V,11820 (A. F. L. Beeston). The Kindi branches that settled in Syria after the Muslim
conquest were ardent supporters of Mu `awiyah; see Hasson, Recherches , 112-15.
148. See note 104, above.
149. Apparently Abu Ghadiyah is addressing `Ammar, who is already dead.
150. Vocalized mazundar in Ibn Sa'd, III/1 , 187; see also al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I,
173. Although glossed by Arabic dakhm, "big, bulky," the meaning of this Persian
word is by no means clear . De Goeje suggests "terrible, grave"; Glossarium, s.v.
marandar.
34
Biographies
151. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 135; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 177; al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, I, 3289, 3297, 3299; In Hajar, Isabah, I, 141. The clan 's name is Banu'Adi
b. 'Amr, of the Mudar; see In Hazm, Jamharat, 239.
152. 'Abdallah was commander of the infantry; see Nasr b . Muzahim , 102, III,
205, and passim.
153. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 83; In Hibban, Mashahir, 77; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 170; In Sa'd, IV/2, 90-92, IV, 33; Nasr b. Muzahim, 363. Khuzaymah's
clan was the Banu Khatmah, a part of the Aws (one of two tribes making up the
Ansar).
154. Dha al-shahadatayn, so called because the Prophet highly estimated him
and considered his testimony equal to that of two men; see Ibn Hajar , Isabah, I,
425-26.
155. The Banu al-Najjar was an important clan of the Khazraj (the other of the
two tribes making up the Ansar).
35
battle of ] Siffin on the side of `Ali b. Abi Talib and was killed there.
He was the brother of Abu Juhaym b. al-Harith b. al-Simmah.156
Abu `Amrah, that is, Bashlr b. `Amr b. Mihsan b. `Amr b. `Atlk b.
`Amr b. Mabdhu1.157
Abu `Amrah was the father of `Abd al-Rahman b. AbI `Amrah,
who transmitted [traditions] from `Uthman b. `Affan.
Abu `Amrah was killed in [the battle of ] Siffin [while fighting]
on `All' s side.
Hashim b. `Utbah b. AbI Wagqas b. Uhayb b. `Abd Manaf b. [2320]
Zuhrah.158
Hashim embraced Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca.
He is [the one known as] al-Mirgal (the swift runner). He was oneeyed, as he had lost an eye at the battle of Yarmuk.159
Hashim was a nephew of Sa'd b. Abi Wagqas.
He fought on `All's side at Siffin, where he was in charge of the
infantry. He is the one who said:
A one-eyed man [I am], who seeks a place for his kin,160
Who experienced life till he was wearied.
His enemies he must beat or else himself be beaten.
He was killed at Siffin.
3 6 Biographies
He was one of the participants in [the battle of ] Badr. He was
killed at Siffin, [fighting] on 'Ali's side.
Sahl b. Hunayf b. Wahib b. al-'Ukaym b. Tha'labah b. `Amr b. alHarith b. Majda'ah b. `Amr b. Hanash b. `Awf b. 'Amr b. `Awf.162
His kunyah was Abu Sa'd or, according to another version, Abu
`Abdallah.
Sahl's ancestor was 'Amr b. al-Harith, the one called Bahzaj (calf
of a wild COW). 163
166. The dates do not correspond to the weekdays mentioned here. According to
Cattenoz' tables, the 17th of Ramadan was a Sunday and the 19th a Tuesday.
Laylat al- jum'ah and laylat al-ahad are rendered as Thursday and Saturday because the Arabs count the days by the nights that precede them.
167. ThagIl al-'aynayn, perhaps bulging eyes or drooping eyelids.
168. One of the earliest converts and a close Companion of the Prophet. See
"Said b . Zaid," EII, VII, 66-67 (A. J. Wensinck); Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 26;
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 205; idem, Tabagat, 22; Ibn Qudamah, 424-26.
According to `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib , Ta'rikh, 122, he died in the year 46/666-67.
The clan's name is Banu `Adi, of the Quraysh.
169. Much has been written about the pre-Islamic Arab monotheists , the Ilanifs;
the most recent study is Rubin's "Hanifiyya."
170. The precise date of this event is not known but is usually placed in about
A.D. 610. See Conrad, "Abraha," especially 233-35; on the construction history of
the Ka'bah, see Rubin, " Ka`ba."
171. Ibn Sa'd, III/1, 277. Cf. al-Tabari, Jami`, II, 8-l0: As the role of Muhammad's community on judgment Day is to testify that God's messengers indeed
conveyed the messages , the argument here may be that Zayd 's testimony will be
equivalent to that of the whole community . It is usually the archmonotheist, the
patriarch Abraham, who is referred to as ummah, interpreted as "leader" or "teacher of what is good "; see Qur 'an 16:120; al-Tabari , Jami', XIV, 191-92.
38
Biographies
[2322] Said b. Zayd had been converted to Islam before the Prophet
entered the house of al-Arqam to preach from there.172 He participated with the Prophet in [the battle ofJ Uhud, the Ditch, and all
the [other] events except [the battle of ] Badr.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abd al-Malik b. Zayd, a
descendant of Said b. Zayd-his father: Said b. Zayd died in
al-`Agiq,173 and people carried him on their shoulders to Medina,
where he was buried. Sa'd [b. Abi Wagqas?]174 and [`Abdallah] Ibn
`Umar descended into his grave.175 He was seventy-odd years old
when he died in the year So or 5 1/670-71 or 671-72. He had been
exceptionally tall, of brown complexion, and hairy.
Al-Mughirah b. Shu'bah b. Abi `Amir b. Masud b. Mu'attib b.
Malik b. Ka'b b. `Amr b. Sa'd b. `Awf b. Thagif-whose [real] name
was Qasiyy-b. Munabbih b. Bakr b. Hawazin b. `Ikrimah b.
Khasafah b. Qays b. `Aylan b. Mudar b. Nizar.176
Al-Mughirah's kunyah was Abu `Abdallah, and he was called
Mughirah al-Ra'y (Mughirah of the sound opinion), for he was very
shrewd.
Al-Mughirah went to the Prophet, embraced Islam, and stayed
with him; thus al-Mughirah took part in the minor pilgrimage
('umrah) of al-Hudaybiyyah in Dhu al-Qa'dah of the year 6/April
628.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Muhammad
b. `Umar b. `Ali-his father-`Ali [b. Abi Talib]: When alMughirah b. Shu'bah threw his signet ring into the Prophet's grave
I said "Let it not be said by people that you descended into the
Prophet's grave, and don't you [go around] telling people that your
172. See p. 47, below.
173. The valley west of Medina; several eminent Qurashis built castles there.
See '"Akik," EI2, I, 336-37 (G. Rentz); `Umar b. Shabbah, I, 146-52, 165-67; alSamhudi, hi, 1039-71.
174. Note that a similar account ("died in al-'Aqiq and was carried to Medina")
is given about Sad b. Abi Wagqas; see Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 26.
175. See note 43, above.
176. First governor of al-Kufah for Mu`awiyah. See "al-Mughira b. Shu`ba," EI2,
VII, 347 (H. Lammens); Hawting, First Dynasty, 40; Khalifah EKhayyat, Tabagat,
53, 131, 183; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 75; al-A`zami, Kuttdb, 107-8. His tribe, the
Thaqif of the town al-Ta'if, played a leading role in the early Muslim state; see
Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 78 and passim.
39
signet ring is in his grave." 177 So `Ali went down, for he had seen
where the ring had fallen, picked it up, and gave it to al-Mughirah.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Muhammad b. Abi Musa
al-Thagafi-his father: Al-Mughirah died in al-Kufah in Sha`ban,
5o/September 670, during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah, at the age
of seventy. He had been an extremely tall man and one-eyed; it
was [also] said that he had woolly, curled, chestnut-colored hair,
in which he used to make four partings. He had a big head, contracting lips, broken front teeth, thick arms, and broad shoulders.
[2323]
[2324]
40 Biographies
Mulharib: Al-Hasan b. `Ali died on the 5th of Rabi` I 5o/April 2,
670. `Ali b. Muhammad says that, according to another version, he
died in the year 5r (January i8, 671-January 7, 672) at the age of
forty-six.
183. In the year 49/669-70. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 86; al-Manbiji, 69 and n. 6.
On Yazid, who reigned after his father Mu`awiyah, see Hawting, First Dynasty, 4044 and passim; "Yazid," Eh, VIII, 1162-63 (H. Lammens).
184. Ibn Sa'd, III/2, 50.
185. A nephew of Khadijah, the Prophet's wife, of the Qurashi clan the Banu
Asad. See Ibn IIibban, Mashahir, 31; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 211; idem,
Tabaqat, 13-14; Ibn Qudamah, 270-72.
186. Literally, "I had brains"; see also note 1o8, above, on the Year of the
Elephant.
187. `Abd al-Muttalib, grandfather of the Prophet, vowed that if he had ten
grown-up sons he would sacrifice one of them to God. The lot fell to 'Abdallah,
father of the Prophet, who was then ransomed with a hundred camels. See Ibn
Hisham, I, 16o-64; Guillaume, 66-68; al-Tabari, Ta'rskh, I, 1073-78.
188. See p . 24, above.
189. A series of pre-Islamic battles between the Quraysh with their allies and
several other tribal groups, see E. Landau-Tasseron, "Sinful Wars."
19o. That is, they were nephews of the famous Companion al-Zubayr b.
al-`Awwam.
191. A Qurashi clan. Fihr is in fact considered as the real eponym of the tribe,
Quraysh being a byname. See Caskel, II, 4; al-Zubayri, 443-46; In Hazm, jamharat, 12, 176-78.
[ 232 5]
42 Biographies
[from the government]. Abu Bakr and `Umar invited me to take
my lawful share, but I refused to do So." 192
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Ibn Abi al-Zinad-his father: Hakim b. Hizam was asked "What does wealth consist of, 0
Abu Khalid?" He replied "Having few dependents."
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]: Hakim b. Hizam came to
Medina, where he settled and built a house (ddr).193 He died in
Medina in the year 54, during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah, at the
age of Ito.
[2327]
44
Biographies
the religion of your forefathers for a newly created religion, becoming a follower [of someone else]?"' Marwan, by God, held his
tongue and regretted what he had said to him. Then Huwaytib
said "Did not `Uthman [b. `Affan] inform you of what he had
endured from your father upon his conversion?" Marwan became
[even] more upset, and Huwaytib said:
Among the leading members of the Quraysh who remained faithful to the tribe' s religion until the conquest of
Mecca, no one was more averse than I to what he adhered
to; but destiny [compelled me]. I participated in the battle
of Badr on the side of the idolators, and I saw wonders;200 I
saw angels kill and take prisoners between heaven and
earth, and I said [to myself ] "This is a [divinely] protected
man." I did not mention what I saw [to anyone]. Then we
all retreated to Mecca; we stayed there, and the people of
the Quraysh embraced Islam one after the other. When the
event of al-Hudaybiyyah occurred I was there, and I witnessed the peace treaty; [moreover], I acted as a gobetween until it was achieved. All this [time] I wanted to
be converted to Islam, but God refused [to let anything
happen] except what He willed. When we wrote the peace
treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah I was one of the witnesses, and I
said [to myself]: "The Quraysh will only be vexed by
Muhammad. I am pleased to have pushed him [away from
Mecca] with the palms of my hands." When the Prophet
came to Mecca for the minor pilgrimage of the consummation201 I and Suhayl b. 'Amr202 were among those who
stayed in Mecca, in order to oust the Prophet in due time,
that is, [after] three [days]. When the three [days] had elapsed I came with Suhayl b. `Amr, and we said "Your stipu[2328] lated time has elapsed, so get out of our territory." The
200. Literally, "examples" [from which a lesson should be learned], or "warnings.,,
2or. `Umrat a1-gadiyyah; in the treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah the Quraysh agreed
that the Prophet should enter Mecca for three days during the following year (i.e.,
7/ May r1, 628-April 30, 629), in order to perform a minor pilgrimage. See Ibn
Hisham, IV, 12-14; Guillaume, 530-31; Lings, 280-85.
2o2. An eminent Qurashi leader of the `Amir b. Lu'ayy clan, a late convert but a
faithful Muslim. See al-Zubayri, 417-19; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, II, 93-94.
45
46
[2329]
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is the most kind, forbearing, and generous of all people. His honor
is your honor, and his power is your power." I said "I shall go with
you to him." So I went with him to the Prophet in al-Bathd'.207
Abu Bakr and `Umar were with him. I stood near him and asked
Abu Dharr "What does one say to him by way of greeting?" He
answered: ["One says]: 'Peace be with you, 0 Messenger of God,
and God's mercy."1208 This I said, whereupon he replied "And
peace be with you, 0 IHuwaytib." I said "I testify that there is no
god but Allah and that you are God' s messenger." The Prophet
said "Praise be to God, Who led you to the right path." The
Prophet was glad about my conversion. He asked for a loan from
me, and I lent him 40,000 dirhams. Then I participated in [the
battle of ] I;lunayn and [the siege of ] al-Td' if with him, and he gave
me zoo camels from the spoils of Hunayn.
According to Abu Ja'far [al-Tabari]: Huwaytib later went to Medina and settled there. He had a house at al-Balat, by the Qur'an
copyists' [quarter].209
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi alZinad-his father: Huwaytib sold his house in Mecca to
Mu`awiyah for 40,000 dinars. [People] said to him "0 Abu
Muhammad, 40,000 dinars?!" He said "What are 40,000 dinars to
a man who has five children? "210 `Abd al-Rahman b. Abi al-Zinad
said "By God, at that time he was among the recipients of the
monthly [rations] of food."211
Huwaytib b. `Abd al-`Uzza died in Medina in the year 54/67374, during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah, at the age of i2o.
used by the Prophet when inviting tribal or foreign leaders to join Islam. See, e.g.,
Hamidullah, Majma'at al-watha 'iq, 32, 35, 77, 81.
207. That is, Mecca; see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan , I, 662.
2o8. The pre-Islamic formal greetings were deliberately changed in Islam; see,
e.g., al-Wagidi, 964.
209. `Inds ashab a1-masahif. Al-Sam`ani, V, 308 -9, equates the appellation
Masahifi with kana yaktub a1-masahif ("he was a Qur'an copyist ") and with sahib
al-masahif. I thank Dr. Estelle Whelan for this reference. Al-Balat was the area
around the Prophet's mosque in Medina, so called because it was paved with
stones. See `Umar b. Shabbah, I, 16-17 (al-Balat), 252-53 (Huwaytib's house); alSamhudi, II, 734 - 47 (Huwaytib 's house in 743-44, 746).
21o. Al-Zubayri, 426.
211. Qut. See Ibn al-Farm', 239; Abu `Ubayd, 107.
48
Biographies
arrived and said the prayer over al-Arqam's bier. This was in Medina in the year 55 (December 6, 674-November 24, 67 5 ) .
49
[2332]
5o
Biographies
[2333]
5r
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Ata` b. Muslim-'Asim b. Abi al-Najud-Zirr b. I.Iubaysh: The first head ever
to have been put up on a spar was that of al-Husayn.
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini]-`Ali b. Mujahid-Hanash b. al-Harith-an old man from [the tribe of ] al-Nakha': Al-Hajjaj [b. Yusuf]227 said: "Let those who did heroic deeds
stand up." Some people stood up and told [their stories]. Then
Sinan b. Anas got up and said: "I am the one who killed al-Husayn."228 Al-Hajjaj said "A brave act [it was indeed]!" Sinan then
returned to his home and lost his speech and his mind. He used to
eat and excrete on the spot.
52
[2334]
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53
[2335]
5 4 Biographies
55
5 6 Biographies
[2337]
A white bird came and entered the bier.255 When he was laid in the
grave we heard a voice reciting "0 confident soul, go back to your
Lord pleased and pleasing."256
According to anonymous source(s)-`Ali b. Muhammad [al- [2338]
Mada'ini]: `Abdallah b. `Abbas died at the age of seventy-four.
58
Biographies
According to In `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abd al-`Aziz b . `UgbahIyas b. Salamah b. al-Akwa': Abu Said al-Khudri died in the year
74
261. Al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 248; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 261; idem, Tabaqat, 102; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 30. The name of Jabir's clan is Banu Salimah of the
Khazraj (Ansar); see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 358.
262. On the day after the defeat at Uhud, in Shawwal 3/625. See al-Wagidi, 33440; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 149-51. Cf. Ibn Hisham, III, rob, r 1o-r r;
Guillaume, 390-91.
[2340]
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`Amr was twelve years old when the Prophet died. According to
Abu Nu`aym al-Fadl b. Dukayn, `Amr b. Hurayth died in al-Kufah
in the year 85/704, during the caliphate of `Abd al-Malik b.
Marwan.
[2341]
61
62
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281, Brother of Rabi`ah of the preceding biography, see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 292.
282. See note 234, above.
283. A place near Badr, see Ibn Manzur, Lisan, IV, 465.
284. Sa`adah, "happiness," refers to the attaining of Paradise. See also note 7,
above.
285. He belonged to the Prophet's clan, Hashim, see al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, III
(Duri), 296-97.
63
286. The text as a rule uses terms of blessing after the names of the Prophet and
the Companions, which I omit in the translation. Here the custom is reversed. On
the traditional Muslim attitude toward the Umayyads, see Hawting, First
Dynasty, 11-2o.
287. Of the Prophet's clan. See In Hibban, Mashahir, 63; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I,
440, III (Duri), 297; Ibn Qudamah , too-1.
288. See p. 19, above.
289. See Gil'adi. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1935.
290. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1, 39.
291. Maternal cousin of the third caliph, 'Uthman, and governor of al-Basrah on
his behalf; see "`Abdallah b. Amir," EI2, I, 43 (H. A. R. Gibb).
292. A member of the Prophet 's clan. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 246;
idem, Tabagat, 7; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 24-25, 295-96; Ibn Qudamah,
103-4.
[2343]
64
[2344]
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293. Abu Lahab b. `Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet, was one of his
fiercest enemies. See Rubin, "Abu Lahab." On `Utbah, see al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I,
131, 401; In Qudamah, 143.
294. In Sa`d, IV/I, 41-42.
295. A valley near `Arafat, to the east of Mecca; see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-bulddn,
III, 657.
296. According to the Muslim tradition, a prayer uttered in this particular place
is bound to be answered. There is, however, a view placing the multazam at the
rear of the Ka'bah, see al-Azragi, I, 246-49.
297. See p. 25, above.
Usamah was born in Mecca . He grew to manhood without experiencing anything but Islam , never adhering to any other religion.
He emigrated to Medina together with his father , Zayd, who was,
as some people say, the first man to have been converted to Islam.299 Usamah never left the Prophet 's side.
According to Ibn Sa`d-al-Fadl b. Dukayn-Ilanash [b. alHarith]-his father: The Prophet appointed Usamah at the age of
eighteen.300
According to Ibn 'Umar [al-Wagidi] : The number of Usamah's
descendants, both men and women , never exceeded twenty in any
given generation.
Usamah was twenty years old when the Prophet died . He then
settled in Wadi al -Qura301 and later in Medina. He died in al-Jurf
at the end of the caliphate of Mu `awiyah.
Abu Rafi', client of the Prophet.302
His name was Aslam.
298. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 30; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 65, 216; idem,
Tabagat, 6 -7; Ibn Hanbal, Facia'il, 834-37; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 470-76.
299. The identity of the first Muslim became a point of debate among the
Muslims. According to Sunni Islam , the first to have believed in the Prophet was
Abu Bakr, a merit that, among others, made him worthy of the caliphate . According to the Shi'ah, however, the first Muslim was 'Ali. A neutral view places this
merit with Zayd b. Harithah, whose descendants had nothing to do with the
contention for power.
300. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1 , 46. Shortly before his death the Prophet prepared an expedition against the Byzantines, appointing the young Usamah as commander, to
avenge the death of his father, Zayd, killed in Mu 'tah. The Prophet died, and Abu
Bakr dispatched the army in spite of loud protests from Muslims objecting to
Usamah because of his young age. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1796-97, 1845-48.
301. The fertile valley to the north of Medina ; see "Wadi al-Kura," EII, VIII,
1077-78 (A. Grohmann).
302. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 5 3; Khalifah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh, 186; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 477-78, III (Duri), 21. Al-Sadr, 30, says that he was 'Ali's appointee over
the treasury of al-Kufah and the first Shi'i to compile a collection of traditions and
legal issues.
66
Biographies
[2345]
Salman al-Farisi.303
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
The Ditch was the first military action in which Salman took
part.
According to Ja`far b. Sulayman-Hisham b. Hassan-al-Hasan:
Salman's pension (`ata') was 5,000 [dirhams a year], and he was
appointed over 30,000 men. He used to collect firewood clad in a
cloak, half of which he used for covering himself, whereas the
other half he spread.
Each time his pension was due he did not take it and lived off his
own handwoven palm leaves.304
According to Ibn `Umar: Salman al-Farisi died during the caliphate of `Uthman b. `Affan.
Al-Aswad b. Nawfal b. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. `Abd al-`Uzza b.
Qusayy.305
He was an early convert to Islam in Mecca and emigrated to
Abyssinia in the second emigration. According to Musa b. 'Uqbah,
303. A famous Companion, see "Salman al-Farisi," Eh, IV, 116-17 (G. Levi
Della Vida); Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 76; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 173; idem,
Tabaqat, 7. He is credited with having suggested to the Prophet the digging of the
Ditch for defense against the besieging Quraysh in the year 5/627.
304. Ya'kulu min safif yadihi, literally, "he ate from the plait of palm leaves of
his hand." The parallel text adduced by de Goeje from Ibn al-Athir's Usd al-ghabah
has wa-akala min kasb yadihi kana yasuffu a1-kh0s, "he ate from the earnings of
his hand; he wove palm leaves." See also Ibn Sa'd, IV/r, 62.
305. A member of the Qurashi clan Asad b. `Abd al-`Uzza. He was a nephew of
Khadijah, the Prophet's wife, and an early convert. See al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 202;
In Qudamah, 274.
Qusayy.309
Jahm b. Qays b. Shurahbil b. Hashim b. `Abd Manaf b. `Abd alDar b. Qusayy 310
Jahm was an early convert to Islam and emigrated to Abyssinia
in the second emigration. This is unanimously accepted [among
the scholars]. His wife, Huraymalah bt. `Abd al-Aswad b. Khuzaymah b. Uqaysh b. `Amir b. Bayadah al-Khuzd'iyyah, and the two
sons she had borne him, `Amr and Khuzaymah, sons of Jahm, were
with him. Huraymalah died in Abyssinia.
Al-Walid b. al-Walid b. al-Mughirah b. `Abdallah b. Umar b.
Makhzum311
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi] on the authority of Muhammad b. `Abdallah312-[Ibn Shihab] al-Zuhri-`Urwah [b. al-Zu306. Notwithstanding, Nawfal is also said to have been a fierce opponent of
Islam in its early period; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 46.
307. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 421, see also al-A`zami, Maghazi, 61-62.
308. `Urwah was his guardian according to the will of his father , `Abd alRahman.
309. A member of the Qurashi clan Banu `Abd al-Dar (this Hashim is not identical with the Prophet 's ancestor). See Ibn Hazm, Iamharat, 125-27; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 203; Ibn Qudamah, 245 .
31o. Al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 203; Ibn Qudamah, 247. The clan is the same as in
the preceding biography.
311. Brother of the famous Companion and general Khalid b. al-Walid, of the
Qurashi clan Makhzum. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 639-40; Ibn Qudamah, 349-50.
312. The reference is perhaps to Ibn Abi Sabrah; see, e.g., al -Wagidi, 1097.
[2346]
68 Biographies
bayr] and on the authority of Ibrahim b. Ja'far-his father: Salamah b. Hisham,313 `Ayyash b. Abi Rabi'ah,314 and al-Walid b. alWalid left [Mecca], emigrating to [Medina to join] the Prophet.
People from the Quraysh went after them to bring them back but
failed to overtake them. When the three reached the edge of the
basalt area of Medina (harrah) al-Walid's finger was cut and bled,
whereupon he said:315
What are you but a bleeding finger?
It is in the path of God that you suffer.
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69
[2348]
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Biographies
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Hashim b. 'Asim alAslami-his father: While emigrating from Mecca to Medina the
Prophet arrived at al-Ghamim.327 Buraydah b. al-Husayb went to
him [there], and the Prophet called on him to join Islam. Buraydah
323. Abu Dharr, considered one of the first ascetics in Islam, expresses here the
negative attitude toward government as such, because of the corruption often
involved in it. See Goitein, "Attitudes"; Kister, "Social Concepts"; `Athamina,
"`Ulama'." As for Abu Hurayrah, he was accused of corruption by the caliph
`Umar, the present account notwithstanding; see al-Baladhuri, Futnh, 82.
324. Ibn Sa`d, IV/i, 169.
325. Al- Rababhah is an Islamic town about 20o kilometers southeast of Medina;
see al-Rashid, Al-Rabadha. Abu Dharr, who lived in Syria, was exiled to this place
because the governor, Mu`awiyah, had had complaints against him. See al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, I, 2858-62, 2895-97.
326. A part of the decendants of this Amir, including Buraydah's clan, the
Aslam, formed the large tribal confederation called Khuza`ah, the genealogy of
which is confused. On Buraydah see Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, zoo-i; al-A`zami,
Kuttab, 47; Ibn Sa`d, VII/1, 3-4, VII/2, 99-100; Khalifah b. Khayyat Ta'rikh, 246.
327. A place near Medina, see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, III, 817-18.
72 Biographies
but he was considered too young [to fight] and was sent back.333
`Arabah is the one about whom al-Shammakh b. Dirar334 says:
If you carry my saddle and bring me to `Arabah,
then choke with your aorta's blood 335
`Uthman b. Hunayf b. Wahib b. `Ukaym b. Tha'labah b. alHarith b. Majda'ah b. `Amr b. Hanash b. `Awf b. `Amr b. `Awf.336
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
`Uthman was sent by `Umar b. al-Khattab to supervise the survey of the land of Iraq [for the assessment of taxes].337 [Later] he
acted as governor of al-Basrah for `Ali [b. Abi Talib], when the oath
of allegiance was taken on the latter's behalf.338
[Uthman b. Hunayf ] died in al-Basrah during the caliphate of
Mu`awiyah.
Hassan b. Thabit b. al-Mundhir b. Haram b. `Amr b. Zayd
Mandh b. `Adi b. `Amr b. Malik b. al-Najjar, the Prophet's poet.339
His kunyah was Abu al-Walid.
Hassan was an early convert [but] did not participate in any
battle with the Prophet, [owing to] his cowardice.
He died during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah at the age of r2o;
sixty years of his life he had lived during the Jahiliyyah and sixty
during Islam.
Nawfal b. Mu`awiyah b. Sakhr b. Ya'mur b. Nufathah b. `Adi b.
al-Dil b. Bakr b. `Abd Manah b. Kinanah.340
333. See note z6o, above.
334 A pre-Islamic poet of the northern Dhubyan tribe. On him see al-Hadi, alShammakh b. dirar, on the tribe, 52-74.
335 The poet apparently addresses his (she)- camel, meaning to say that if he
reaches `Arabah he need make no further journey. The verse is part of a poem, seep.
74, below.
336. Of the clan Banu `Awf b. `Amr, from the Aws (Ansar). See Ibn I;Iazm,
Jamharat, 336; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 49; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 163.
337. See Dennett, 23; Morony, 37, 101-6; see also 484-85.
338. On the advent of new caliphs, it was the duty of the governors to secure the
oath of allegiance from the subjects in the provinces . See al -Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3087,
and 3115-21 for `Uthman's role during 'Ali's time.
339. See "Hassan b. Thabit," EI2, III, 271-73 (W. Arafat ); Hassan, I, 3-7 (introduction by W. Arafat); Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 32. The clan's name is Banu alNajjar, from the Khazraj tribe (Ansar), see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 346.
340. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 62; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 34. The clan's
name is in fact Band al-Du'il, from the Kinanah tribe; see Ibn l;Iazm, Jamharat,
184-85.
His father, Aws b. Qayzi, and his brothers `Abdallah and Kabathah, sons of Aws, took part in [the battle of ] Uhud, whereas he
was considered too young (saghfr) and was sent back.347 He was
allowed [to participate] in the Ditch (Khandaq).
341. On these pre-Islamic battles, see Landau-Tasseron, "Sinful wars."
342. A pre-Islamic poet; see F. Sezgin, II, 137-39
343. Cf. Abu al-Faraj al-ISfahani, XVIII, 214 (Ibn Qawfal instead of Nawfal; that
is, the verse does not allude to Nawfal). The two `Amirs mentioned are `Amir b. alTufayl and `Amir b. Malik, both of them tribal chiefs in the confederation 'Amir b.
Sa`sa`ah.
344 Cf. Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahan, XII, 76; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, II, 70; al-Mubarrad,
75 (where the name is Salm, not Salma ). There is no clue to the identity of the poet
in any of these sources.
345. See note 286, above.
346. See p. 71, above; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, II, 473.
347. See note 260, above.
74
[2352]
Biographies
350. This occurred in the year 40/660, during the attempt of Mu`awiyah' s general Busr to seize the Hijaz and the Yemen from 'Ali's men. `Ubaydallah was governor of the Yemen for `Ali; see al-Tabari Ta'rikh, I, 3451-52.
3 51. These are in fact conflicting versions as to who conducted the pilgrimage in
the year 39/660. According to one of them, it was `Ubydallah b. `Abbas. According
to the other, Mu`awiyah, contending with `Ali for power, sent a representative of
his own to perform this task. The latter, however, was not accepted, so a compromise was reached, under which a neutral person (Shaybah b. `Uthman( con-
357. Al -Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 22, 66 ( on Ma'bad), 6o (on Kathir, who was a
scholar).
358. An oasis near Medina; see Yaqut, Mujam al-buldan, N, 1038-39.
359. He worked in the service of `Ali b. Abi Talib. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 185; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (DUri), 60; al-Tabari, Ta'rfkh, I, 3107.
[2353]
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He was one of the most violent men of his time. He was the
youngest of his father's sons.
`Abdallah b. Zam'ah b. al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib b. Asad b. `Abd
al-`Uzza b. Qusayy.360
His mother was Qaribah al-Kubra (senior) bt. Abi Umayyah b.
al-Mughirah b. `Abdallah b. `Umar b. Makhzum; her mother was
`Atikah bt. `Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim.361
`Amir b. Kurayz b. RabI'ah b. Habib b. `Abd Shams b. `Abd Manaf
b. Qusayy 362
His mother was al-Baycla', that is, Umm Hakim bt. Abd alMuttalib b. Hashim.
`Amir b. Kurayz was converted to Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca and lived to the [time of the] caliphate of `Uthman
b. Affan. He went to al-Basrah to his son `Abdallah b. `Amir while
the latter was governor there on behalf of `Uthman b. `Affan.
Abu Hashim b. `Utbah b. RabI'ah b. `Abd Shams b. `Abd
Manaf.363
He was converted to Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca.
[Later] he left for Syria, where he settled until his death.
Qays b. Makhramah b. al-Muttalib b. `Abd Manaf.364
366. He served the Prophet as a scribe . See al-A`zami, Kuttdb, 51-52; Ibn
Qudamah, 237.
367. He lived in Medina and fulfilled certain functions there for al -Hajjaj b.
Yusuf. See In Hibban, Mashdhir, 114; Khalifah b. Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 294; alBaladhuri, Ansab, V, 374.
368. Ibn Hibban, Mashdhu, 61; Khalifah b. Khayyax, Tabagat, 9; Ibn Qudamah,
234; al-Zubayri, 95-96.
369. In Iiajar, Isdbah, II, 466; Ibn Qudamah, 235.
370. In Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 196; Ibn Qudimah, 237-38.
371. A member of the Qurashi clan Asad b. `Abd al-`Uzza. According to alZubayr b . Bakkir, he was accepted as neutral leader during the war between All
and Mu'iwiyah; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, I, 42.
372. Al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 357-58; Ibn Qudamah, 219. See also p. coo, above
(biography of Zaynab).
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[2355]
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[2357]
8i
82
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387. Of the Mujashi`; see Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 69-70. He was famous for his
objection to the pre-Islamic custom of burying alive female babies; see, e.g., Abu alFaraj al-Isfahani, XIX, 2-3.
388. A famous poet who flourished in the Umayyad period; see "al-Farazdak,"
EI2, II, 788-89 (R. Blachere).
389. A companion of the Umayyad caliphs Hisham and al-Walid II. See alBaladhuri, Ansab, VI, 228; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XVII, 91-93; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1730, 1755-56, 1820.
390. A tribal chief of the Tamimi clan the Bahdalah. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
219, 466; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 53o; Landau-Tasseron, "Processes," 254.
391. See Kister, "I11a bihaggihi"; Bashear, "Zakat"; Shoufani, Al-Riddah.
83
[2359]
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85
Zayd al-Khayl b. Muhalhil b. Zayd b. Munhib b. `Abd Ruda b. alMukhtalis b. Thuwab b. Kinanah b. Malik b. Nabil b. Aswadanwhose name was Nabhan-b. `Amr b. al-Ghawth b. Tayyi' b.
Udad b. Zayd b. Yashjub b. Ya`rub b. Qahtan 404
The mother of Tayyi' was Dallah bt. Manjishan b. Killah b.
Radman b. I Iimyar,405 whose mother gave birth to her on a hill by
the name of Madhhij, so Dallah was called Madhlhij after that hill [.2361]
and all her descendants are called Banu Madhhij P406
Tayyi' had been named Julhumah, and he was called Tayyi',
according to a certain opinion, only because he was the first to
have plastered the [walls of the] watering places (tawd almandhil), and some say that it was because he was the first to
have plastered the walls of a well.
Zayd al-Khayl died in a place called Fardah,407 while returning
after [visiting] the Prophet.
According to Hisham [Ibn al-KalbI]-his father: The clan of
Zayd al-Khayl was called the Banu al-Mukhtalis. Zayd had several
children:408
(r) Miknaf b. Zayd, after whom Zayd was called [Abu Miknaf ].
He embraced Islam and ranked among the Prophet's Companions.
He took part in the wars of apostasy (riddah) [on the Muslim side]
under the command of Khalid b. al-Walid and showed courage.
(2) Hurayth b. Zayd; he was a horseman. He ranked among the
Prophet's Companions and took part in the wars of apostasy under
the command of Khalid b. al-Walid. He [also] was a poet.
(3) `Urwah b. Zayd. He took part in the battles of Qadisiyyah,
404. The clan's name is Bann al-Mukhtalis, the larger group being the Nabhan;
see Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 403-4. Zayd was a poet and tribal chief in pre-Islamic
times; see Landau-Tasseron, "Tayyi'," 57.
405. An ancient Arab people from southern Arabia, incorporated by Arab
genealogists into the tribal scheme as a son of Saba' (ancient Sheba). See "Himyar,"
Ell, II, 310-12 (J. H. Mordtmann); Ibn IIazm, Jamharat, 432; Caskel, II, 66-73.
406. Theoretically all Arab tribes had male eponyms. When it was obvious that
a tribe's name had been otherwise coined , a story was adduced by the genealogists
to explain it.
407. A mountain or, according to another version, a watering place in the territory of Tayyi', see Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, III, 871.
408. On Zayd's children and their role in the apostasy wars, see LandauTasseron, "Tayyi'," 57-59.
86 Biographies
Quss al-Natif, and Mihrdn409 and showed courage. He composed
verses about it.
Zayd al-Khayl was a poet.
`Adi b. Hatim al-Jawad (the generous) b. `Abdallah b. Sa'd b. alI iashraj b. Imri' al-Qays b. `Adi b. Akhzam b. Rabi'ah b. Jarwal b.
Thu'al b. `Amr b. al-Ghawth b. Tayyi'.410
His kunyah was Abu Tarif.
`Adi b. Hatim took part in the battles of Qadisiyyah,411 Mihran,
Quss al-Natif, and Nukhaylah. He was the standard bearer. He
fought in the battle of the Camel on the side of the Commander of
the Faithful `Ali b. Abi Talib, where he lost an eye and his son was
killed. He [also] took part in the battles of Siff-in and Nahrawan on
'Ali's side.412
`Adi died during the rule of al-Mukhtar413 in al-Kufah, at the age
of 120.
[2362] `Amr b. al-Musabbih b. Ka'b b. Tarif b. `Asar b. Ghanm b.
Harithah b. Thuwab b. Ma'n b . `Atud b. `Unayn b . Salaman b.
Thu'al b. `Amr b. al-Ghawth b. Tayyi'.414
409. Quss al-Natif is another name for the battle of the Bridge in Iraq in the year
13/634 or 14/635. See Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 191-92; al-Baladhuri,
Futuh, 251-52; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2174-83. Mihran is another name for the
battle of Nukhaylah in Iraq, which took place before al-Qadisiyyah, but cf. the
biography of 'Adi b. Hatim, below, where the two names seem to refer to two
disparate events; Nukhaylah is also known as al-Buwayb. See al-Baladhuri, ibid.,
253-55; Donner, ibid., 198.
41o. A tribal leader who embraced Islam and was appointed tax collector by the
Prophet. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 75; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 68-69; alpabbi, 23-25. The clan's name was Banu Thu`al. See also Landau-Tasseron, "TayYi' " 53-56, 59-60.
411. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2221, where he is said to have been the commander of the Tayyi'.
412. A town in Iraq, the site of `Ali's victory over the Khawarij who rebelled
against him in the year 37/658; see Welihausen, Arab Kingdom, 84-86.
413. Leader of a successful pro-`Alid revolt. He ruled al-Kufah in 66-67/685-87;
see "al-Mukhtar," E12, VII, 521-24 (G. R. Hawting).
414. A member of the Banu Thu`al, he is considered to be one of the mu`ammari n, those who lived more than 120 years. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 16, and also
"Mu'ammar," E12, VII, 258 (G. H. A. Juynboll).
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[2363] Al-Ash'ath went to see the Prophet with seventy [other ] riders
from Kindah. He later took part in the wars of apostasy (riddah),
was taken prisoner, and was sent to Abu Bakr.419 He repented and
remained to live in Medina until `Umar b. al-Khattab, during his
caliphate, urged the people to participate in the military expeditions to Iraq.420 Al-Ash'ath joined [a regiment] under [the command of] Sa'd b. Abi Waggas and took part in the battles of
Qadisiyyah, Mada' in, Jalula', and Nih5wand.421 He chose for himself a piece of land in al-Kufah when the Muslims founded the
garrison, built a house (dar) among [the other members of] the
Kindah, and lived there until his death.
Al-Ash`ath was present at the Arbitration (talhkim alliakamayn).422 `Ali wanted to appoint `Abdallah b. al-`Abbas as
arbiter to confront `Amr b. al-`AS,423 but al- Ash'ath b. Qays refused [to accept this], saying: "This case should not be judged by
two Mudaris! One of the arbitrators must be a Yemeni. "424 So `Ali
appointed Abu Musa al-Ash`ari, and al-Ash'ath was one of the
witnesses to the document [of arbitration].
Al-Ash`ath's brother Sayf b. Qays.425
419. On the apostasy of the Kindah after the Prophet's death and al-Ash'ath's
leading role, see Ibn I;Iubaysh, 131-41; al-Kala`i, 222-42; Lecker, "Kinda"; Lecker,
"Judaism."
420. The former apostates were not allowed to take part in the conquests until a
shortage of manpower was felt, during Umar's caliphate ; see Landau-Tasseron, "F.
McG. Donner," 506-8. In addition, the Muslims were reluctant to raid Iraq, where
they had suffered setbacks in the beginning ; see al-Baladhuri, Futulh (Beirut), 25253.
421. Al-Mada 'in (Ctesiphon ) in Iraq, Jalula' and Nihawand in Persia were Sasanian cities and sites of battles during the Muslim conquests. See Donner, Early
Islamic Conquests, 209-10; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2431-44, 2457-74, 2596-2637;
al-Baladhuri, Futnh, 262-65, 302-7.
422. The battle of Siffin between `Ali and Mu'awiyah (37/657) ended with an
agreement to arbitration; see Hinds, " Siffin Agreement."
423. `Amr, Mu`awiyah's appointee, was known as an exceptionally shrewd person (dahiyah).
424. The Mudar (the "northern" tribes) and the Yemen (the "southern" tribes)
were in fact the two rival factions that dominated the political life of the Umayyad
period. It should be noted that in the tribal context the designations "southerners"
and "northerners" are not geographical but genealogical terms. The names Qays
and Kalb are also used to denote these factions . See Crone, Slaves; LandauTasseron, "Waning of the Umayyads."
425. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 141; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 104.
89
[2364]
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Madan b. al-Aswad b. `Abdallah b. al-Harith al-Walladah b.
`Amr b. Mu`awiyah b. al-Harith al-Akbar (senior).433
Madan was nicknamed al-Jafshish.434
He came to see the Prophet together with al-Ash'ath b. Qays. He
is the one who said to the Prophet "0 Messenger of God, are you
not one of us?" The Prophet remained silent. [This was repeated]
twice, and the third time the Prophet said: "We do not trace our '
pedigree through the female line, and we shall not disown our
male ancestors. We are the descendants of al-Nadr b. Kinanah. "435
Al-Ash'ath said [to Madan] "May God break your teeth; why did
you not keep quiet?"
According to the tradition of Kindah, al-Jafshish was the one
who said:
We obeyed the Messenger of God, for he spoke the truth,
but, [I] wonder, what is the kingship of Abu Bakr to us?
Will he, when he dies, beqeath it to a young camel?
this by God is a backbreaking [upheaval].436
[2365] This was reported by Hisham b. Muhammad [al-Kalbi],437 but
Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi] held that these two verses were
composed by Harithah b. Suragah b. Ma'di Karib al-Kindi, who
433 The clan is Banu al-Harith al-Walladah of the Kindah. `Abdallah's original
name was Shaytan, "devil," changed by the Prophet, seep. 5 3, above; Ibn al-Kalbi,
Nasab ma`add, 172.
434. Opinions differ as to the identity of al-Jafshish. I could not, however, find
an explanation of the nickname. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 240-41. My search in the
direction of south Arabian yielded no results either. See also Lecker, "Kinda."
435 Several tribal groups attempted to establish their kinship with the
Quraysh, the ruling tribe, either through the Prophet himself or otherwise. See E.
Landau-Tasseron, "Asad," 13; idem, "Murra."
436. These verses are variously attributed to several poets. They reflect the
reluctance of many Arab tribes to submit to the hegemony of Medina after the
Prophet's death, in the so-called apostasy period. See p. 82, above. For these verses,
see al-Hutay'ah, 329-30; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1875-76; Ibn `Asakir, Tahdhib, VII,
96; Ibn Hubaysh, 15, 133; al-Kala'i, 37, 227; Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, II, 286-87
(s.v. "IHadramawt"); Ibn A`tham, I, 49; see also Kister, "Illa bi-haggihi'," 35. The
second verse mockingly refers to the kunyah "Abu Bakr," literally, "father of the
young camel"; c.f. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1890. See also Muhammad In Habib,
Muhabbar, 185, where a Kindi woman by the name of Umm Madan is listed
among those who rejoiced in the Prophet's death, together with Malkah, daughter
of Amanah.
437. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 173. The composer of the verses, however, is
here Abu Hunayy Masruq b. Ma`& Karib.
91
withheld the legal alms from [the tax collector] Ziyad b. Labid and
joined those who apostatized.438
Qays b. al-Makshuh-whose [real] name was Hubayrah-b.
`Abd Yaghuth b. al-Ghuzayyil b. Salamah b. Bida b. `Amir b. `Awbathan b. Zahir b. Murad.439
Qays's father, Hubayrah, was nicknamed al-Makshuh because
he had a complaint in his flank resulting from a fire (kushiha bi-alndr); that is, he had a burn on his flank (kashh). He had been a
leader of the Murad, and [so was] his son Qays.
[Qays] was the [best] horseman of the Madhhij tribe. It was
reported that he was the one who had pierced the head of [alAswad] al-`Ansi. The [tribal confederation of ] Mudar used to call
him Qays Ghudar (treacherous), to which he would reply "I am
not treacherous, but I inflict death on Mudar. "440
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b.
`Amr b. Zuhayr-Muhammad b. `Umarah b. Khuzaymah b.
Thabit: When `Amr b. Ma`di Karib heard about the Prophet he said
to Qays b. al-Makshuh al-Muradi: "0 Qays, you are the leader of
your tribe at present. We have heard that a man of the Quraysh, by
the name of Muhammad, has arisen in the Hijaz, claiming to be a
prophet. Let us go to him and learn the truth about him. If he is a
prophet, as he claims, the matter will be clear to us when we meet
him; [in that case] we should follow him. If he is not [a prophet],
we will learn the truth about him . If someone else from your tribe
precedes us to him, [that man ] will assume leadership and rule us,
and we will be his subordinates . 11 441 Qays refused [the suggestion]
438. See Ibn Hubaysh , 133; al-Kala'i, 226-28.
439. There are two people by that name, see Ibn al-Kalbi Nasab ma'add, 335 ,
3 51. The one discussed here, famous for his part in killing the false Yemeni prophet
al-Aswad, belonged to the Banu Zahir of the tribe of Murad . See Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasad
ma'add, 335 ; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta 'rfkh, 84, 102; Ibn Sa`d, V, 383. For the Murad,
a part of Madhhij that dwelt in the Yemen east of Najran, see Ibn Hazm , Jamharat,
406-7; "Murad," EI2, VII, 591-92 (G. Levi Della Vida).
440. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasad ma'add, 335 This exchange reflects the enmity between the "northern " and "southern " confederations. See note 424. Qays's reply
rhymes in Arabic.
441. This statement presupposes a ruling status for the Prophet. Rise to leadership of a clan could depend on a person 's connections with rulers of states outside
the clan ( such as al-I;I-irah and Ghassan in pre-Islamic times, the Prophet and the
caliphs in Islamic times).
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and said that the idea was foolish. `Amr b. Ma'di Karib rode to
Medina leading ten of his fellow tribesmen, embraced Islam, and
returned to his [tribe's] territory.442
[2366] Safwan b. `Assal, of the Banu al-Rabad b. Zahir b. `Amir b.
`Awbathan b. Zahir b. Murad.443
As a pension recipient he counted as one of the Jamal.444
He embraced Islam and was a Companion of the Prophet.
`Amr b. al-Hamiq b. al-Kahin b. Habib b. `Amr b. al-Qayn b.
Razah b. `Amr b. Sa'd b. `Amr b. Ka'b b. `Amr.445
He gave the oath of allegiance to the Prophet during the
Farewell Pilgrimage and ranked among the Companions after
that.
`Amr was among those who took part in the assault on `Uthman
b. `Affan.446 He later participated with `Ali b. Abi Talib in the
battles led by him. He was killed in the Jazirah by Ibn Umm alHakam.447
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`fsa b. `Abd al-Rahman[`Amir b. Sharahil] al-Sha'bi: The first head to have been carried [to
the ruler] in Islamic times was the head of `Amr b. al-Hamiq.448
Kurz b. `Algamah b. Hilal b. Juraybah b. `Abd-Nuhm b. Hulayl b.
Hubshiyyah b. Salul b. Ka'b b. `Amr b. IIarithah b. `Amr Muzay442. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1732-34 , for a similar version. The chain of authorities is different.
443 Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 80; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 74-75, 134; Ibn
al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 335
444. A clan of the Murad; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 476-77. The tribal leaders
received the pensions (`ata') on behalf of their people and were responsible for
distributing them individually. Sometimes people were listed with clans other
than their own for the purpose of receiving pensions.
445. Of the Khuza'ah confederation. See In Hibban, Mashahir, 94; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 107, 136; idem, Ta'rikh, 176, 197; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, Wa,
236-37; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 292, 490; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim.
446. The reference is to the murder of the third caliph, `Uthman, in the year
35/656, see Kennedy, 69-75.
447. He was killed in retaliation for the murder of `Uthman. Ibn Umm alHakam, `Abd al-Rahman b. `Abdallah b. `Uthman al-Thagafi, was Mu`awiyah's
governor of Mosul ; see al-Tabari , Ta'rikh, II, 127-28.
448. Cf. Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 292; al-Suyuti, Wasa'il, 81; Ibn
Qutaybah, Awa'il, 41.
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95
96 Biographies
during the time of Yazid b. Mu`awiyah, whereas `Abdallah's death
occurred two years later.
The mother of al-Fall, `Abdallah, `Ubaydallah, and Qutham was
[2369] the same [woman], that is, Umm al-Fadl Lubabah al-Kubra (senior)
bt. al-Harith b. Hazn, of the Banu Hilal b. `Amir.
In addition to these, others among al-`Abbas' children transmitted knowledge and traditions, such as Kathir, Tammam, and
Ma`bad. None of them, however, is known really to have heard
[traditions directly] from the Prophet, except those whom I
mentioned.
`Ali and `Agil, sons of Abu Talib b. `Abd al-Muttalib; al-Hasan
and al-II Iusayn, sons of `Ali b. Abi Talib; and `Abdallah b. Ja`far b.
Abi Talib. All of them outlived the Prophet and transmitted
knowledge and traditions. I have already mentioned their death
dates and the periods of their lives.
Al-Harith b. Nawfal b. al-Harith b. `Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim
b. `Abd Manaf.
Among his offspring was `Abdallah b. al-Harith b. Nawfal, who
was accepted [as leader] by the people of al-Basrah during the time
of [the strife between] the Zubayri and the Marwani factions.466
His nickname was Babbah.
[Al-Harith] lived during the Prophet's time and transmitted [traditions] from him.
Some traditions transmitted by al-Harith from the Prophet:
According to `Ali b. Sahl al-Ramli-Mu'ammil b. Isma`ilSufyan-`Asim b. `Ubaydallah-`Ubaydallah b. `Abdallah b.
`Utbah-`Abdallah b. al-Harith b. Nawfal-his father: Whenever
the Prophet heard the muezzin call "I testify that there is no God
but Allah; I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah" he
would say "[It is] as he says." When the muezzin called "Come to
prayer" the Prophet would say "There is neither might nor power
466. The reference is to the second civil war (fitnah). In the confusion after the
death of Yazid b. Mu`awiyah (64/683) people in the provinces ousted their official
governors and chose others in their place. See al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 132, 188
(read bi-babbah instead of baynahu), 190, 273; Ibn Hazm, Iamharat, 70; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashdhir, r i i .
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death, whereupon he moved to Syria and settled in Hims. He had a
house (ddr[ there [that he gave away as] charity (gadagah).474
It was reported that Thawban belonged to the clan called
Hakam b. Sa'd al-`Ashirah.475
Dumayrah b. Abi Dumayrah.476
[2373]
He transmitted from the Prophet the following [tradition]. According to Yunus b. `Abd al-A`la-[`Abdallah] Ibn Wahb-Ibn Abi
Dhi'b [al-`Amiri]-Husayn b. `Abdallah b. Dumayrah-his
father-his grandfather Dumayrah: The Prophet passed by Umm
Dumayrah, who was weeping. He asked her: "Why are you weeping? Are you hungry or cold?477 She answered "0 Messenger of
God, I was separated from my son." The Prophet said "A child
should not be separated from its mother." The Prophet then sent
to the man who owned Dumayrah, asking him to come [and see
him], and bought Dumayrah from him for a young camel.
Zayd Abu Yasar, the Prophet's client.478
He transmitted from the Prophet the following [tradition]. According to Musa b. Ismail-I;Iafs b. `Umar al-Shanni-his father
Umar b. Murrah-Bilal b. Yasar b. Zayd, the Prophet's clienthis father-his grandfather: The Prophet said: "Whoever says 'I
ask forgiveness of God, beside Whom there is no god, the EverLiving, the Self-Existing. To Him I come back' he will be forgiven
even if he runs away from an army while it is on the move."
The Allies (Hulafa ') of the Banu Hdshim
Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi.479
474. Sadagah means charity, legal alms, and also property the fruits of which
are given away by the owner for charity or other good purposes. For the latter sense,
the term waqf is more common.
475 A southern clan; see Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 300-2; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 407-9.
476. Counted among the Companions, with no details. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II,
214.
ioi
480. This tradition must be part of the religious debate over the veneration of
the dead. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, 209-38.
481. Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabaqat, 8.
482. An event in which six deputies of the Prophet , sent to teach Islam to some
bedouin clans on their request, were murdered (3/625 ). See Ibn Hisham, III, 17885; al-Wagidi, 354-63; Guillaume, 426-29.
483. In Ilibban, Mashahir, 37-38.
484. Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630. See Ibn Hisham , IV, 97; alWaqidi, 915.
485. So was his son Marthad . See Mu 'arrij, 28-29; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 247; alBaladhuri, Ansab, I, 270.
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`Imran-al-Hakam b. Masud al-Najrani-Unays b. Abi Marthad-the Prophet : " There will be a deaf and dumb internal struggle (fitnah), a deaf, dumb, and blind one.486 Those who will lie
down during this war will be better than those who will sit, those
who will sit better than those who will stand, those who will
stand better than those who will walk, those who will walk better
than those who will run. Whoever comes [demanding the people's
allegiance], let [those who are present] stretch their necks [in support]."487 So I was told by Zakariya' b. Yahya, who said: Unays b.
Abi Marthad al-Ansari. But [in fact] it is Unays b. Marthad b. Abi
Marthad al-Ghanawi, of the clan of Ghani b. Ya`sur b. Sad b. Qays
b. `Aylan b. Mudar.
103
493. Meaning "always." The talbiyah was the formula expressing devotion to
the gods in pre-Islamic times. Ihrdm was the state of consecration observed by
those who performed the pilgrimage to Mecca. Both rituals are also performed in
Islam with the necessary modifications . See "l:hram," E12, III, 1052- 53 (A. J. Wensinck and J. Jomier); "Talbiya," EII, IV, 640 (A. J. Wensinck); Kister, "Labbayka."
494. Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 64; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 9; al-Zubayri,
204-5.
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[2376]
105
[2377]
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pregnant with him. His kunyahs were Abu Bakr and Abu
Khubayb.
Hakim b. Hizam b. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. `Abd al-`Uzza b.
Qusayy.
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[2379]
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According to Ma`mar [b. Rashid] al-Bahrani-Abu `Amir`Abdallah b. Ja`far b. al-Miswar b. Makhramah-Umm Bakr bt. alMiswar-al-Miswar: I was standing behind the Prophet while he
was performing ablutions, when a Jew passed by. The Jew said
"Lift his garment off his back." I approached to lift the Prophet's
garment, and the Prophet sprinkled my face with water.
Nafi` b. `Utbah b. Abi Waggas b. Uhayb b. `Abd Manaf b. Zuhrah
b. Kilab.so7
Nafi` counts as one of the converts of the conquest, for he embraced Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca. He was the
brother of Hashim b. `Utbah al-Mirgal (the swift runner).
Nafi` b. `Utbah transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet,
[among them the following]. According to Muhammad b. Khalaf
al-`Asgalani-Rawwad b. al-Jarrah-al-Mas`udi-`Abd al-Malik
[2380] b. `Umayr-Jabir b. Samurah-Nafi` b. `Utbah-the Prophet: You
will fight the [inhabitants of the] Arabian peninsula, and God will
conquer them; you will fight the Byzantines, and God will conquer them; you will fight the Persians, and God will conquer
them; you will fight the Deceiver,508 and God will conquer
him.509
`Abd al-Rahman b. Azhar b. `Awf b. `Abd `Awf b. `Abd b. alHarith b. Zuhrah b. Kilab.510
He participated in [the battle of] Hunayn on the Prophet's side.
`Abd al-Rahman transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet,
[among them the following]. According to Yunus b. `Abd al-A`la
al-Sadafi-[`Abdallah] Ibn Wahb-Usamah b. Zayd al-LaythiIbn Shihab [al-Zuhri]-`Abd al-Rahman b. Azhar: It is as if I can
see the Prophet even now looking for Khalid b. al-Walid's camel
among the [rest of the] camels on the day of Hunayn. While he was
at that a man was brought before him who had been drinking
[alcohol]. The Prophet told the people "Beat him." Some of them
507. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 15, 126; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 129.
508. Al-Dajjal, a figure parallel to the Antichrist, is the embodiment of evil in
Islamic eschatology. War against him is one of the Portents of the Hour; see "alDadjdjal," E12, II, 76-77 ^A. Abel).
509. Cf. Ibn Qudamah, 290-91; Yusuf b. Yahya al-Sulami, 276-77.
510. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 16; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 52; Ibn Qudamah,
302-3.
109
beat him with their shoes, other with sticks, still others with rods,
that is, green palm branches . The Prophet then took some earth
and threw it in the man's face.511
`Abdallah b. al-Arqam b. `Abd Yaghuth b. Wahb b. `Abd Manaf b.
Zuhrah b. Kilab.512
He transmitted [traditions ] from the Prophet, among them the
following. According to Tamim b. al-Muntasir al-Wasiti-Yazid,
that is, In Harm-Muhammad, that is, Ibn Ishaq-H'isham b.
`Urwah-his father-`Abdallah b. al-Argam b. `Abd Yaghuththe Prophet: If any of you feels something in his stomach when [2381]
the time for prayer has come, let him go first to the lavatory.
Safwan [b. Makhramah b. Nawfal] al-Zuhri.513
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-al-I;Iakam b. BashirBashir b. Salman-al-Qasim b. Safwan al-Zuhri-his father-the
Prophet: Delay the noon prayer until the cooler time of the day, for
the heat pertains to hellfire.514
`Abdallah b. `Adi b. Hamra' al-Zuhri.515
According to `Abdallah b. Yusuf al-Jubayri-Alimad b. `Abd alRahman al-Harrani-Hajjaj b. Abi Mani`-`Ubaydallah b. Abi
Ziyad-[Ibn Shihab] al-Zuhri-Abu Salamah b. `Abd alRahman-Abu `Amr b. `Adi b. Hamra' al-Zuhri: Standing at alHazawwarah516 in the market of Mecca, the Prophet said "By
God, you are the best place on earth"; or [in another version]: "[By
God, you are] the place that I love the most on God's earth. If I had
not been forced out of you, I would not have left you."
iro Biographies
Those Who Transmitted [Traditions] from the
Prophet, of the Allies of the Banu Zuhrah
`Abdallah b. Masud b. Ghafil b. Habib b. Shamkh b. Far b.
[2382] Makhzum b. Sahilah b. Kahil b. al-Harith b. Tamim b. Sa'd b.
Hudhayl b. Mudrikah b. al-Yas b. Mudar.517
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Rahman.
Masud b. Ghafil, `Abdallah's father, had entered an alliance
with `Abd b. al-Harith b. Zuhrah518 in pre-Islamic times.
Al-Migdad b. `Amr b. Tha'labah b. Malik b. Rabi'ah.
He is called al-Migdad b. al-Aswad.
In pre-Islamic times [al-Migdad] concluded an alliance with alAswad b. `Abd Yaghuth b. Wahb b. `Abd Manaf b. Zuhrah b. Kilab.
Al-Aswad adopted him, and he was called al-Miqdad b. al-Aswad
until God revealed the [following verse] in disapproval of His
Prophet: "Call them by their fathers' names; this is more just in
the eyes of God." Consequently he was called al-Migdad b. `Amr.
Khabbab b. al-Aratt b. Jandalah b. Sa'd b. Khuzaymah b. Ka'b, of
the Banu Sa'd b. Zayd Manah b. Tamim.519
Khabbab had been taken prisoner and sold in Mecca. [A woman
named] Umm Anmar bt. Siba` of the Khuza'ah tribe, allies of `Awf
b. `Abd `Awf b. `Abd b. al-Harith b. Zuhrah, bought Khabbab and
set him free. According to another version, Khabbab's mother and
the mother of Siba` were the same. At any rate, Khabbab b. alAratt joined the family of Siba`520 and as a consequence claimed to
have entered an alliance with the Banu Zuhrah.
5117. The tribe's name is Hudhayl; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 197. Abdallah b.
Masud was a close Companion of the Prophet of humble bedouin origin. He held
important positions in the caliphates of `Umar and `Uthman and was known as one
of the greatest experts on the Qur'an and religious law. See "Ibn Mas`nd," E12, III,
873-75 (J.-C. Vadet); Jeffery, 20-24; Schacht, Origins, 231-33; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 16; Ibn Hanbal, Fada'il, 837-44; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 29; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 204-5, V, 36-38.
518. An important family from the Qurashi Zuhrah clan; see al-Zubayri, 265.
519. Of the Tamimi clan Sad b. Zayd Manah; see Ibn I Iazm, Jamharat, 215.On
Khabbab, see Kister, "On Strangers and Allies," 126-27; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 17; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 76; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 175-80.
520. That is, either as a family member or as a client ; freedmen became allies, or
clients, of their former masters. See Crone, Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law,
36-38.
iii
524. That is, the first caliph, who was the Prophet's closest Companion and
father-in-law. See "Abu Bakr," EI2, I, 1o9-I1 (W. M. Watt ); Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 64-90; idem, Tabagat, 16-17; Ibn Hanbal, Fada'il, 65-106.
525 . An important general in Muhammad 's time and later, during the apostasy
wars and the beginning of the conquests. He was dismissed by the second caliph,
'Umar b. al-Khattab. He was nicknamed "the sword of God." "Khalid b. al-Walid,"
EI2, IV, 928-29 (P. Crone); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 19-20; Ibn Hanbal,
Fada'il, 813-17; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 56; rbn Qudamah, 345-49; al-A`zami, Kuttab, 60-62; Akram.
[23831
112
Biographies
527. The clan is the Nahshal, from the Tamim tribe; see Ibn I;Iazm, famharat,
230; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 232.
528. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 229.
529. That is, the conquests.
530. See Motzki, 3.
531. That is, the Day of judgment.
532. Maternal cousin of the Prophet and an opponent of Islam until the year
8/630. See Ibn Qudamah, 373-74; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 145-46.
533. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 357-58.
113
534. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 50; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 184, 294, 303; fbn
Qudamah, 383.
535. Qur'an 81:15-16, trans. Bell, II, 639.
114
Biographies
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`A1a']-Waki` [b. alJarrah]: He recited [the following]: "When the sun shall be
veiled."536
According to `Abd al-Hamid b. Bayan al-Qannad-Muhammad
b. Yazid-Isma`i1 b. Abi Khalid-Asbagh, client of `Amr b.
Hurayth-`Amr b. Hurayth: I prayed with the Prophet the dawn
prayer; it is as if I can [even now] hear his voice, reciting "I swear
not by [the stars] that lag, that run, and that fade away." My
mother then took me to him, and he prayed for my sucess in
gaining a livelihood.
`Amr's brother Said b. Hurayth.537
He was older than `Amr.
It was reported that Said participated on the Prophet's side in
the conquest of Mecca, at the age of fifteen . He settled in al-Kufah,
together with his brother `Amr, after the Prophet's death.
Sa`Id transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet, among them the
following. According to [Muhammad] Ibn Bashshar-`Abd alWahhab b. `Abd al-Majid-Ismail b. Ibrahim b. Muhajir-`Abd
al-Malik b. `Umayr-`Amr b. Hurayth-his brother Said b. Hurayth-the Prophet: He who sells a house and does not buy another one instead is not likely to see blessing in that money.
[2386] `Abdallah b. Abi Rabi`ah-whose name was `Amr-b. Makhzum.538
538. He served the Prophet, `Umar, and `Uthman as governor in the Yemen; see
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 128; idem, Tabaqat, 21; Ibn Qudamah, 377-78.
539. See note 234, above.
'15
`Ikrimah b. Abi Jahl-whose name was `Amr-b. Hisham b. alMughirah b. `Abdallah b. `Umar b. Makhzum.
He embraced Islam after the conquest of Mecca.
According to Ahmad b. `Uthman b. Hakim al-Awdi-Shurayh
b. Salamah-Ibrahim b. Yusuf-his father-Abu Ishaq [alSabfi]-`Amir b. Sad [b. Abi Waggas]: When `Ikrimah b. Abi Jahl
came to the Prophet the latter said to him "Welcome, 0 rider and
passenger," or "Emigrant. 11541 ['Ikrimah] related: I said "What
shall I say, 0 Messenger of God?" He replied "Say 'I testify that
there is no God but Allah and that you are God's messenger."' I
said this, then I continued "What shall I say, 0 Messenger of
God?" He replied "Say, '0 Messenger of God, I ask you to bear
witness that I am an Emigrant."' I said that, whereupon the
Prophet said "I will grant you today anything you ask [provided
that it is something] I would have granted anyone else." I said: "I
shall not ask you for money, as I am one of the richest among the
Quraysh, but I ask you to forgive me for having fought against you
and for having spent money in order to divert [others] from the [2387]
path of God. If I live long [enough], I shall double that amount [and
spend it on the opposite purpose]."
116 Biographies
Islamic times was `Abdallah b. al-Sa'ib b. Abi al-Sa'ib. At any rate,
the one discussed in this biography is al-Sa'ib.
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala']-Mus`ab b.
al-Migdam- Isra'il-Ibrahim b. Muhajir-Mujahid-al-Sa'ib:
`Uthman b. `Affan and Zuhayr b. Umayyah brought me [to the
Prophet]. They asked permission to go in to see him and [upon
receiving it, went in and] praised me before him. The Prophet said
"I know him better [than you do]; were you not my partner in preIslamic times?" I said: "Yes, may my father and my mother be
ransom for you.543 You were a very good partner; you never quarreled or competed [unfairly]." [Hearing this,] the Prophet said to
me: "0 Sa'ib, contemplate the virtues you had in the Jahiliyyah,
and adhere to them in Islam. Act hospitably toward your guest, be
benevolent toward orphans, and respect those to whom you
granted protection (jar). "544
Al-Sa'ib b. Abi al-Sa'ib and his son `Abdallah embraced Islam on
the day of the conquest of Mecca. `Abdallah's kunyah was Abu
`Abd al-Rahman. As for Qays b. al-Sa'ib, he was a paternal cousin
of `Abdallah b. al-Sa'ib. [His full name] was Qays b. al-Sa'ib b.
`Uwaymir b. `A'idh b. `Imran b. Makhzum. According to al[2388] Wagidi, he was Mujahid's patron. Al-Wagidi reported [the following] on the authority of `Abd al-Hamid b. ` Imran -Musa b. Abi
Kathir-Mujahid: The following verse was revealed in connection
with my patron Qays b. al-Sa'ib: "Those who can afford it may
ransom [the duty to fast] by feeding a poor man.... "545 So he
broke the fast and fed one poor man against each day.
117
549. Ibn Qudamah, 419-20; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashahir, 30; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, io8, 112; idem, Tabaqat, 22.
[2389]
118
Biographies
rr9
`Amir b. Mas`ud.550
[2391]
Ito
Biographies
Abi Fudayk-Ibn Abi Dhi'b [al-`Amin]-Ibn Shihab [al-Zuhri]Abu Bakr b. `Abd al-Rahman b. al-Harith b. Hisham-Nawfal b.
Mu`awiyah al-Dill-the Prophet: Whoever misses a prayer, it is as
if he were deprived of his family and property.
Sulayman b. Ukaymah al-Laythi.553
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Said b. `Amr al-Sakuni-al-Walid b. Salamah alFilastini-Ya`qub b. `Abdallah b. Sulayman b. Ukaymah alLaythi-his father-his grandfather: We said to the Prophet "We
hear traditions, and we cannot repeat them [exactly] as we heard
them." The Prophet replied "There is no harm done as long as you
do not make forbidden things lawful or lawful things forbidden
and as long as you convey the correct meaning [of the tradition]."554
Fadalah al-Laythi.555
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to al-Masan b. Qaza`ah al-Bahili-Maslamah b.
`Algamah-Da'ud b. Abi Hind-Abu IHarb-`Abdallah b. Fadalah-his father: I went to the Prophet and embraced Islam; he
informed me about the prayer times, and I said "0 Messenger of
God, these are hours at short intervals, and I am a working man, so
give me a general guideline." The Prophet said "Do your best not
to neglect the two `asrs." I asked "What are the two `asrs, 0 Messenger of God?" He replied "The prayer before dawn and the one
before sunset."556
553 Called Sulaym in Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 73. The tradition is recorded here
with the same isnad.
554 The issue raised here is the permissibility of transmitting paraphrased
traditions, a practice apparently common in the early days of Islam; in later times
transmission verbatim was required. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 186-87
(riwayah bi-al-ma`na vs. riwayah bi-al-lafz).
555 Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 30; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 2o8. Biographers
are confused about this obscure figure.
556. `Asrayn and `asran, both dual forms of `asr, literally meaning "the two
afternoon prayers," but the Arabic allows the combination of two different things
under a dual appellation, for example, al-`Umarani, which means not "the two
men named `Umar" but "Abu Bakr and `Umar." For the time of the prayers, see
Rubin, "Morning and Evening Prayers"; "Mikat," EI2, VII, 26-27 (A. J. Wensinck).
121
[2393]
122
Biographies
God forgive the Ghifar and be in peace with the Aslam. 0 God,
curse Ri'l, Dhakwan, and `Usayyah."559 Khufaf said: This is why
the unbelievers were cursed.
[2394]
563. There is a confusion regarding his name and identity; see below, where he
is called `Abdah b. Hazn; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 434.
123
[2395]
124
Biographies
According to Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Sawwaf-Yusuf b. Ya`qub alSadusi-`Abd al-Wahid b. Wasil-Abu Ghifar-Abu TamimahAbu Jurayy: I came across someone surrounded by people who
obeyed him. They were content with whatever he told them. I said
to myself "This is a man!" [I asked] who he was, and I was told that
he was God's Messenger. I said "May peace be upon you 0 Messenger of God, may peace be upon you." The Prophet said "'May
peace be upon you' is a greeting for the dead; you should say'Peace
be upon you.' 11572 So I said "Peace be upon you, 0 Messenger of
God; are you [indeed] God's Messenger?" He said: "Yes, I am the
Messenger of God, Who will hear your prayer if any harm comes to
you or a drought befalls you. And, if you enter a land or [another
version:] a desert and your riding beast is lost and you pray to Him,
He will guide it back to you." I said "Let my father and mother be
ransom for you, 0 Messenger of God; [please] instruct me." The
Prophet said "Do not curse anyone." I never cursed after this any
free man or slave or sheep or camel. [The Prophet also] said: "Do
not skimp on good deeds; if you speak to your brother, do so with a
cheerful face, for this is a good deed. Raise your garment (izdr)573
halfway up your leg, or else [leave it] down your ankles. Beware of
letting loose your garment, for this is vanity, and God does not
like vanity. And, if someone admonishes you for something he
knows about you, do not [retaliate by] admonishing him for something you know about him, for the evil outcome of such an act
will affect you."
Harmalah al-`Anbari.574
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
[2396] According to Ibn al-Muthanna-`Abd al-Rahman b. MahdiQurrah b. Khalid-Dirghamah b. Ulaybah b. Harmalah al-'Anbari-his father-his [grand]father: I went to the Prophet together
with [other] delegates from the clan. [While we were there] he led
5 72. The difference is in the order of the words, which cannot be translated very
well into English . The greeting for the dead is `alayka al-salam, whereas the usual
greeting is al-salam `alayka. Cf. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, II, 26; Abu al-Layth alSamarqandi, fol. 34a-b.
573. That is, that which covers the lower part of the body.
574. Ilarmalah b. 'Abdallah b. Anas, a rather insignificant Companion of the
Tamimi clan Banu al-`Anbar; see Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 42. On the `Anbaris, see Landau-Tasseron, "Processes."
125
the morning prayer for us. I looked at the faces of the people and
hardly knew them, that is, because of the darkness.575
Those of the Banu Dabbah b. Udd b. Tabikhah b. alYds b. Mudar [Who Outlived the Prophet and
Transmitted Traditions from Him]
Salman b. `Amin al-Dabbi.576
He transmitted traditions from the Prophet , among them the
following. According to Bishr b. Dihyah al- Basri-Hammad b.
Zayd-`Asim-IHafsah bt. Sirin-al-Rabab, a woman of the Banu
Dabbah-Salman b. `Amir-the Prophet: Have dates for breakfast, and if no dates are available , have water, for water is pure.
`Abdallah b. Sarjis al-Muzani.577
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Nasr b. `Ali al-Jahclami-Nuh b. Qays-`Abdallah
b. `Imran-`Asim al-Ahwal-`Abdallah b. Sarjis al-Muzani-the
Prophet : Following the right course, being temperate, and aiming
at what is right form one of twenty -four parts of prophecy.578
Maysarah al-Fajr, who was, as was reported, Budayl b. Maysarah's father.579
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Bashshar-`Abd al-RahmanMansur b. Sa`d-Budayl-`Abdallah b. Shagiq-Maysarah al-Fajr:
I said "0 Messenger of God, when was it ordained that you should
575. Ghalas means the darkness at the end of the night. This tradition is about
the correct time for the morning prayer.
576. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 39, 177.
S 77. As he is included in the chapter on Dabbah, he is probably not of the wellknown Muzaynah tribe but of the `Amr b . Udd, a brother tribe of Dabbah , known as
Muzaynah after their female ancestor. See Ibn I Iazm, Jamharat, 2or . `Abdallah was
an ally of the Qurashi clan Makhzum . His being the Prophet's Companion is
disputed; see Ibn IIajar, Isabah, II, 315-16.
5 78. That is, such behavior is characteristic of prophets and therefore commendable. Other commendable traits or modes of behavior are characterized in the
same way. See Abu Da 'ud, Sunan , Kitab al-Adab, no. 3; Malik , al-Muwatta ', Kitab
a1-sha'ar, no. IT
579 Said to belong to the `Amin tribe the Banu `Ugayl but apparently known
only in connection with this tradition . See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 470; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 59; In Sa`d, VII/1, 41.
[2397]
1 26 Biographies
1 28 Biographies
According to Ismail b. Musa al-Suddi-Sharik-Abu IshaqHubshi b. Junadah al-Saluli-the Prophet: `Ali [b. Abi Talib] belongs to my family, and I belong to his family. No one should pay
my debt but me or `Ali.589
According to [Muhammad] In Humayd-Hakkam [b. Salm]'Anbasah [b. Said]-Abu Ishaq-Hubshi b. Junadah: I heard the
Prophet say: "Ali belongs to my family, and I belong to his family.
No one should transmit my messages except myself or `Ali." He
said it on the Farewell Pilgrimage.590
Abu Maryam Malik b. Rabi'ah al-Saluli, father of Burayd b. Abi
Maryam.591
He transmitted traditions from the Prophet.
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-Jarir [b. `Abd alHamid]-`Ata' [b. al-Sa'ib]-Burayd b. Abi Maryam-his father:
The Prophet stood among us on a certain occasion and told us
about the events that will occur until Doomsday.
[2399]
5 89. One of the merits of the first caliph, Abu Bakr, which made him qualified to
rule (in the eyes of Sunni Islam), was his participation with the Prophet in the
Emigration. The Shi`i propaganda counterbalanced this argument with the claim
that `Ali remained in Mecca and joined the Prophet in Medina later for one of two
purposes (or both): to cover up, at peril of his own life, for the Prophet until he was
safely far from Mecca or to pay the Prophet's debts. In addition, the very expression
"`Ali belongs to my family and Ito his," was used in Shi`i propaganda to legitimize
the Shi'i claim to rule.
59o. This is a tradition legitimizing the Shi`i claim to power by making `Ali the
sole authorized transmitter of messages from the Prophet. The messages mentioned here refer to the Prophet's divine mission. Note that in his speech at the
Farewell Pilgrimage the Prophet asked the audience several times "hal ballaghtu?" that is, "have I effectively transmitted the divine message?"
591. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 55, 183; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 71.
592. Khalifah b. Khayyat Tabagat, 47, 289; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 413.
5 93 That is, on the same riding beast.
129
forming the Hajj and the lesser pilgrimage (`umrah) together [on
that occasion].594
[Those of the Banu Taghlib595 Who Outlived the
Prophet and Transmitted Traditions from Him]
Harb b. Ubaydallah's maternal grandfather.596
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-Jarir [b. `Abd alIIamid]-`Ata' [b. al-Sa'ib]-Harb b. Ubaydallah-his maternal
grandfather, who was a man of the Banu Taghlib:597 We embraced
Islam and went to the Prophet. I said [to him] "My people have
embraced Islam, so teach us." He said "Go and teach them about
the prayer and the giving of legal alms." He then informed me
about the legal alms due on camels, cattle, sheep, gold, and silver.598 I turned [to go] away, having memorized everything he
taught me, except the legal alms. I went back to him and said "I
have memorized everything, except the legal alms." So he taught
me again, but when I turned [to go] away I forgot them [again]. So I
went back to him and said: "I have memorized everything but the
legal alms. Shall I [simply] tax them the tenth [of their property]?"
the Prophet said "No, the tenth is obligatory only on Jews and
Christians, not on Muslims." 599
594. There was a debate about the permissibility of performing the Hajj and the
lesser pilgrimage (`umrah) together, see Rubin, "Great Pilgrimage." On the formula labbayka, see p. 103, above.
595. A large confederation of northern origin . They dwelt in southern Iraq before Islam and professed Christianity, continuing to adhere to it after the Muslim
conquests. See Caskel, II, 27; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 303-7, 469.
596. The origin of such an entry would be a chain of transmission (isndd) running "I;Iarb b `Ubaydallah heard his maternal grandfather . . . " This grandfather is
ignored in most of my sources; Harb himself was a Kufan of the tribe of Thagif. See
Ibn Hibban, Thigat, IV, 172; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, II, 198.
597. Abu `Ubayd, 212.
598. See Ben Shemesh, I, 94-1103,111, 45-50, 54-57, for detailed sums of legal
alms, as well as debates on various types of property.
599. See the discussion on the permissibility of levying the tenth ('ushr) in Abu
Ubayd, 211-18; Ben Shemesh, I, 103-9, II, 78-83, III, 30. The Banu Taghlib who
remained Christians refused to pay the jizyah (poll tax taken from non-Muslims)
because it involved humiliation, whereas they were proud Arabs. A compromise
was reached according to which they paid a tenth of their property. See Abu
`Ubayd, 217; Ben Shemesh, I, 54-58; cf. van Arendonck, 143, 325-26 (appendixVI).
130 Biographies
13 z
[24011
132
Biographies
the circumambulation of the House607 riding a she camel, without striking or urging her, without calling "Go on! go on!"
Uwaymir b. Ashqar, of the Banu Harithah b. al-Harith.608
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to al-`Abbas b. al-Walid al-Bayruti-his father-alAwza'i609-Yahy5 b. Said al-Ansari-`Abbad b. TamimUwaymir b. Ashqar al-Ansari al-Mazini, [who related] that [once]
he had slaughtered his sacrificial animal before the Prophet
[2402] prayed.610 He then went to the Prophet and told him [about it],
whereupon the Prophet ordered him to go back [and go on with]
the offering.
According to Yunus b. `Abd al-A`la al-Sadafi-[`Abdallah] Ibn
Wahb-'Amr b. al-Harith and Malik b. Anas-Yahya b. Said alAnsari-`Abbad b. Tamim-'Uwaymir b. Ashqar al-Ansari [who
related] that [once] he had slaughtered a sacrificial animal on the
Day of the Sacrifices before sunrise. He mentioned this to the
Prophet, who ordered him to go back and sacrifice another
animal.611
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Sinan al-Qazzaz-Musa [b. Ismail Abu Salamah]-Hammad [b. Salamah]-Yahya b. Sa`id`Abbad b. Tamim-`Uwaymir b. Ashqar, who had slaughtered before the Prophet prayed, and the Prophet ordered him to do it
again.
Mujammi' b. Jariyah, of the Band `Amr b. `Awf.612
He transmitted traditions from the Prophet.
607. That is, the Ka'bah.
6o8. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 105.
609. An early, famous Syrian jurist; see his biography p. 255, below.
61o. That is, during the festival of `Id al-Adha, on Dhu al-Hijjah io.
611. This tradition is the exact opposite of the previous one, reflecting the
jurists' debate on this point. The difference between the two depends on the reading of one letter. Yauda 1i-dahiyyatihi in the first tradition means "to go back to
his sacrifice," whereas yauda bi-cdahiyyah ukhrd in the second tradition means
"to come back with another sacrifice." De Goeje's explanation that li-cdahiyyatihi
means bi-ukhrd ("with another one") is unwarranted.
612. Considered one of the Munafiqun ("the Hypocrites"), i.e., those Muslims
who opposed the Prophet on certain occasions. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 366; alBaladhuri, Ansdb, I, 276.
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move the sorrow from Qays b. Shammas. "61 7 The Prophet then
took some earth from Buthan,618 put it in a vessel containing
some water, and poured it on him.
Abu al-Yasar Ka`b b. `Amr.619
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Humayd b. Mas`adah al-Sami-Bishr b. alMufaddal-`Abd al-Rahman b. Ishaq-`Abd al-Rahman b.
Mu`awiyah-Hanzalah b. Qays-Abu al-Yasar al-Badri620-the
Prophet: Whoever wishes that God would shade him in His
shadow-and he motioned with his hand-let him sell to the poor
on credit, or discount [some money] for him.
`Ubayd b. Rifiah al-Zuragi.621
[2404]
135
13 6 Biographies
these Jews and Christians read their Bible and their Gospel, [yet]
know nothing of what is in them?"
Abu Ibrahim al-Ansari's father.628
According to Muhammad b. `Abdallah b. Bazi'-Bishr b. alMufaddal-Hisham al-Dastawa'i-Yahya b. Abi Kathir-Abu
Ibrahim al-Ansari-his father, who heard the Prophet pray over
the dead, saying: 0 God, forgive our living and our dead, our present and our absent [members], our male and our female [members], our young and our old.
According to Ibn al-Muthanna-al-Walid b. Muslim-alAwza`i-Yahya-Abu Ibrahim, [who was] a man of the Banu `Abd
al-Ashhal-his father, who heard the Prophet pray in a funeral,
saying: "0 God, forgive the first and the last among us, and our
living and our dead, our male and our female, our young and our
old, our present and our absent. 0 God, do not deprive us of the
reward [of this act], and do not lead us astray after this."
Yahya recorded on the authority of Abu Salamah-the Prophet,
a similar tradition, to which he added: Whomever You resurrect,
let him be a Muslim, and whomever You take unto You, do so
while he is a believer.
`Umayr al-Ansari.629
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Ibn Wak!'-his father-Sa'Id b. Said al-Taghlibi or
al-Tha`labi-al-Tabari was not sure about it630-Sa'id b. `Umayr
al-Ansari, who ranked among those who took part in Badr-the
[2406] Prophet: Whoever of my community prays for me sincerely and
from [the depth of ] his soul, God will reward him by blessing him
ten times,631 by raising him ten degrees, by writing ten good deeds
to his credit, and erasing ten evils from his record.
628. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 124.
629. `Umayr b. `Ugbah b. Niyar ; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 34; Tahdhib, IV,
62.
630. Evidently this is a remark by a scribe or the student who took down the
material from al-Tabari by dictation, as was the custom among the Muslim
scholars.
63 1. Literally, "God will pray for him ten times, as a reward for it." For sa11a in
the sense of "bless," see note 379, above.
137
[2407]
138
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139
of this for [at that time] the people were poor (murmilin); Abu
Hisham [replaces this word with ] mushtin, that is, suffering from
want during the winter, but according to al-Tabari it should be
musnitin, that is, going through a period of drought . [Anyway], the
Prophet then saw an ewe in the corner of the tent and asked "What
is this ewe, 0 Umm Ma`bad?" She replied "This is an ewe that was
too exhausted to [join] the sheep." He asked "Does she have any
milk?" to which she replied "She is too exhausted for this." He
asked "Will you permit me to milk her?" She said "Yes, [I swear]
by my father and mother, if you think that she has milk, do milk
her." The Prophet had her brought before him, passed his hand
over her udder, mentioned the name of God, and prayed for Umm
Ma`bad that her ewe [be blessed]. The ewe parted her legs widely,
let the milk flow abundantly, then stood ruminating. The Prophet
asked for a vessel [big enough ] to sustain the [whole ] family and
milked into it in a stream until it was covered with froth. He then
gave Umm Ma'bad to drink until her thirst was quenched, and he
gave his companions to drink until their thirst was quenched, and
he was the last to drink, so they [all] quenched their thirst. The
Prophet then milked [the ewe] into the vessel again until he filled
it.638 He left it with Umm Ma`bad, accepted the oath of allegiance
from her, and left [with his companions].
Shortly afterward her husband, Abu Ma'bad, arrived, driving a
few lean goats, so emaciated that they were staggering, even in the
morning;639 there was hardly any marrow in their bones. When
Abu Ma'bad saw the milk he was surprised and asked: "Where did
you get this, 0 Umm Ma`bad, the sheep pasturing far away [or
else] not pregnant? There is no milking ewe in the tent, [is there]?"
She replied "No, by God, but a blessed man passed by us, whose
story is such-and-so." Abu Ma'bad said "Describe him to me, 0
Umm Ma`bad." She said "I saw a radiant man with a luminous
face and harmonious build unspoiled by thinness and not tainted
by small-headedness." Such is the version of Abu Hisham, but it
638. Cf. the version about `Abdallah b. Masud milking an ewe for the Prophet
and Abu Bakr on their way to Medina in Kister, "Land Property,".27 5. For a list of
miracles performed by the Prophet, see Ibn I;Iazm, Jawami' al-sfrah, 7-14.
639. Tasawakna huzlan duhan; See note a to p. 2408.
[2409]
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141
May God the Lord of the people grant the best reward
to the two companions who drank at midday at the two
tents of Umm Ma`bad.
They stopped there, bringing true guidance, and she followed.
Happiness is the lot of one who becomes a companion of
Muhammad.
0 come, clan of Qusayy,647 [see] how God removed from your
midst
leadership and priceless noble deeds.
Let the Banu Ka`b rejoice in their woman's undertaking,
as she stayed there for the believers, waiting.
Ask your sister about her jar and ewe;
if you ask, the ewe [itself ] will confirm it to you.
A barren ewe was brought and for him her milk was flowing,
the pure substance of the ewe's udder, foaming.
Al-Tabari remarks that this is how Abu Hisham recited it, but it
should in fact be as follows: "And the ewe's udder flowed for him
with the pure substance, foaming."
He left her with Umm Ma'bad as a pledge, for someone [else] to
milk
who would lead her time and again to the watering place
and back.
When Hassan b. Thabit, the Prophet's poet, heard this he composed verses in reply to the voice, saying:648
[241o]
142 Biographies
143
144 Biographies
who, when he spoke, listened to what he said and, when he commanded, hastened to fulfill his command; they rushed and served
him promptly without his being stem or reproachful [to them]."
Abu Ma`bad said: "By God, this is the man of Quraysh we were
told about. Had I met him I would have sought to become one of
his Companions. Indeed, I shall do this if I find a way." Then a
loud voice was heard in Mecca; the people heard it and did not
know who it was that spoke between heaven and earth. [The
voice] said [the following]:
May God the Lord of the people grant the best reward
to the two companions who alighted at the two tents of
Umm Ma'bad.
They stopped there as the harbingers of piety; then on they
rode.
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146
[241SI
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Prophet sitting during the prayer, putting his arm on his right
thigh, raising his slightly bent forefinger, and praying.656
`Amr b. Sha's.658
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-Salamah [b. alFadl]-[Muhammad] Ibn Ishaq-Aban b. Salilh-`Isa b. al-Fadl b.
Ma`gil b. Sinan al-Ashja`i-Abu Burdah b. Niyar b. Mikraz alAslami659-his maternal uncle `Amr b. Sha's-the Prophet: Whoever harms `Ali harms me.
Al-Qa`ga` b. Abi I;Iadrad.660
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Muhammad b. Ibrahim, known as Ibn Sudran, and
Ya`qub b. Ibrahim b. Jubayr al-Wasiti-Safwan b. `Isa-`Abdallah
b. Said-his father-al-Qa`ga` b. Abi Hadrad al-Aslami: The
Prophet used to say: Subject yourselves to a hard life, wear coarse
clothes, and walk barefoot.
[2416]
662. A Yemeni tribe; see Caskel , II, 66; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 397-98; Ibn alKalbi, Nasab ma'add, 339-42.
663. An eminent Companion who served as a commander during the conquests
and a governor of al-Kufah and al-Basrah for `Umar . See "al-Ash'ari, Abu Musa,"
EI2, I, 695-96 ( L. Veccia Vaglieri); Jeffery, 209 - I1; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashdhir, 65;
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Tabagat, 132 - 33. On Abu Burdah, see Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabaqat, 68 , 133; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 167-68; Ibn I;Iajar, Isabah, IV, 18.
148
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149
[2418]
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Kindi-the Prophet: God has already passed judgment in three
matters, so do not violate any of them. Let none of you act wrongfully, for God says "0 People, by acting wrongfully you only
wrong yourselves";674 and let none of you deceive [another], for
God says "But evil plotting encompasses only those who practice
it";675 and let no one of you break his word, for God says "Whoever breaks faith, to his own hurt he breaks it. "676
15 r
Of the Hamdan
[Hamdan] is Asalah b. Malik b. Zayd b. Asalah b. Rabi`ah b. alKhiyar b. Malik b. Zayd b. Kahlan b. Saba'.678
`Abd Khayr b. Yazid al-Khaywani.679
His kunyah was Abu `Umarah; he was contemporaneous with
the Prophet.
He reported that a letter from the Prophet had reached [his clan]
and that he remembered it.
`Abd Khayr was counted among the companions of `Ali b. Abi
Talib, on whose side he participated in [the battle of ] Siffin.680
According to Muhammad b. Khalid-Mushir b. `Abd al-Malik
b. Sal'-his father: I said to `Abd Khayr: "0 Abu `Umarah, you are
an old man! How many years have you lived?" He replied "One
hundred and twenty years." I asked "Do you remember anything
about the Barbarians ?"681 He said : "I remember that my mother
cooked [something in a] pot for us, and I said 'Give us [something]
to eat,' but she replied '[Wait] until your father comes.' My father
then came and said 'A letter from the Prophet arrived prohibiting
carrion meat.' I remember that [the pot] contained carrion meat
and [my father] urged us to shun it."
Suwayd b. Hubayrah, an inhabitant of al-Basrah.682
According to `Abdallah b. Ishaq al-Nagid al-Wasiti and alHusayn b. `Ali al-Suda'i-Rawh-Abu Na`amah al-`Adawi [`Amr
b. `Isa]-Muslim b. Budayl-lyas b. Zuhayr-Suwayd b.
Hubayrah: I heard the Prophet say: The best property a man can
have is a prolific filly (muhrah ma'murah) or a fruitful palm or678. A large, powerful Yemeni tribal confederation. Read Awsalah for Asalah.
See Ibn Hazm, Iamharat, 392; "Hamdan," EI2, III, 122-23 J. Schleifer [W. M.
Watt]); Abu Yasin . Note that apparently only the first biography under this rubric
is of a Hamdani.
679. A Kufan Successor. See al-Dulabi, II, 37; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3152; Ibn
I.Iibban, Thigat, V, 130-31; In I;Iajar, Iiabah , III, 96, and Tahdhib, VI, 113-14.
680. Nasr b . Muzahim, 136, 342 353681. Amr al-juhhal, "the matter of the Barbarians," that is, pre-Islamic times
(the Jahiliyyah).
682. A Successor; there are various versions of his tribal affiliation . See Ibn
Hajar, Isabah, II, 100-1; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 193
[2420]
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Biographies
[2421]
`Abdallah b. Hildl.687
According to Bishr b . Adam-Zayd b. al-Hubab -Bishr b. `Im683. His identity is unclear; see Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 156. Ibn Sa`d mentions
two persons by that name with no details. The tradition recorded here is not
mentioned in Zaghlul's Mawsu`at atraf a1-hadith.
684. That is, brother of the Prophet's mother, Aminah bt. Wahb of the Qurashi
clan Zuhrah, not to be confused with `Umayr b. Wahb of the Qurashi clan Jumah;
see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 37. Almost nothing is known about him; he is not
mentioned even once in the Sirah of Ibn Hisham and is ignored by Ibn Sa'd.
685. Cf. P. 97, above.
686. Cf. Qur'an 2:80, 9:7.
687. His identity is unclear. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 339, 378; Ibn Abi Hatim,
11/2, 193.
153
688. His identity is unclear. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 429; Ibn Abi Hatim, IV/1,
426-27.
689. An Egyptian of the Azd. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 115; al-Dulabi,
I, 47; Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 198.
690. Cf. Ibn Abi Shaybah, Iman, 16, where a similar story is attributed to the
Companion Mu`adh b. Jabal.
[2422]
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Wahb b. I;Iudhayfah.691
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala']-`Uthman b.
Said-Khalid-`Amr b. Yahya-his paternal uncle Wasi` b.
Habban-Wahb b. Hudhayfah-the Prophet: A man has a right to
his seat; if he gets up to fulfill some need or other, then comes
back, he has a right to his seat.
[2423]
Al-Harith b. Malik.692
According to Sahl b. Musa al-Razi-al-Hajjaj b. MuhajirAyyub b. Khut-Layth-Zayd b. Rufay`-al-Harith b. Malik, who
said, while with the Prophet "I am truly a believer," whereupon
the Prophet said "Be careful with what you say, for every statement has its proper sense."693 Al-Harith said: "0 Messenger of
God, I have ordered my soul to turn away from this world, and it
[obeyed] calmly; I have abstained from drinking694 during the
daytime and have spent the nights awake. It is as if I look at the
throne of the Lord and at paradise's dwellers paying visits to one
another and at hell's dwellers howling to one another." The
Prophet said "You have turned away [from this world], so adhere
[to your way]; you have turned away [from this world], so adhere
[to your way]."695 The Prophet then added "Whoever likes to become happy by looking at a servant [of God] whose heart was lit
with faith by God, let him look at al-Harith b. Malik." Al-Harith
then asked [the Prophet] "Pray to God that I may die as a shahid!"
The Prophet prayed for him, and he fell as a shahid.
Abu al-Hamra'.696
155
Al-Haddar.698
According to Muhammad b. `Awf-his father-Shuqayr,
al-`Abbas' client: [Shuqayr] heard al-Haddar, the Prophet's Companion, say to al-`Abbas, after having seen him eating white bread
and other things immoderately "I never saw the Prophet satisfy
his hunger with wheat bread until God took him."
Ziyad b. Mutarrif.699
According to Zakariya' b. Yahya b. Aban al-Misri-Ahmad b.
Ishkab-Yahya b. Ya`la al-Muharibi-`Ammar b. Zurayq alDabbi-Abu Ishaq al-Hamdani-Ziyad b. Mutarrif-the Prophet:
Whoever wishes to live like me and to die like me and to enter the
garden some of whose branches God promised to give me, [from
trees] He had planted in that garden of eternity, [whoever wishes
to attain this], let him befriend `Ali b. Abi Talib and his descendants after him, for they will never lead him out through the door
of the right path, and never lead him in through the door of error.
I, 25; In Hibban, Thigat, III, 435-36) or he would not have "lived in Medina for
seven months" but would rather have lived there permanently . Ibn HHajar, Isabah,
IV, 46, mentions another person by that kunyah, of whom he knows only that he
participated in Badr and Ulhud.
697. Qur'an 3333, trans. Bell, II, 414. This is a version of what is called The
Tradition of the Covering (hadith al-kisa'), which aims at identifying the ahl albayt, i.e., the family of the Prophet . The proper identification of the term is
directly connected with the political issue of authority, as the Shits applied it to
`Ali, Fatimah, and their descendants only, whereas the `Abbasids included themselves in it . See Sharon, "Notes"; idem, "Development"; idem, "The Umayyads";
"Ahl al-bayt," EI2, I, 257-58 (I. Goldziher, C. van Arendonck, and A. S. Tritton).
For other versions of the tradition, see Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, VI, 292; Arazi and
El'ad, 241, 254 no. 39; see also Zaghlul , III, 555.
698. A Kinani who lived in Hims; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, III, 600.
699. Apparently known only in connection with the tradition quoted here; see
In Hajar, Isabah, I, 559.
[2424]
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Junadah b. Malik.700
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala'] and Muhammad b. `Umar b. al-Hayyaj al-Hamdani-Yahya b. `Abd al-Rahman-`Ubaydah b. al-Aswad-al-Qasim b. al-Walid-Mus`ab b.
`Abdallah al-Azdi-`Abdallah b. Junadah-Junadah b. Malik-the
Prophet: There are three features of the people of the Jahiliyyah
never to be given up by the people of Islam-praying to the stars
for rain,701 finding fault with one another's genealogy,702 and
wailing for the dead.703
Abu Udhaynah.704
According to `Ubayd b. Adam b. Abi Iyas-his father-al-Layth
b. Sa`d-Musa b. Ulayy b. Rabah-his father-Abu Udhaynahthe Prophet: The best of your women are those who are prolific, affectionate, obedient, and generous, provided they are God fearing.
The worst of your women are those who dress up and are conceited. These are the Hypocrites (munafigat); such a one's reaching paradise is [a phenomenon] as rare as a white-footed raven.
[2425]
Ibn Nudaylah.705
According to Muhammad b. `Abdallah b. `Abd al-Hakam-Ayyub b. Suwayd-al-Awza`i-Abu `Ubayd706-al-Qasim b. Mukhaymirah-Ibn Nudaylah: A famine befell the people during the
Prophet's lifetime, and they appealed to him "0 Messenger of
700. Of the tribe of Azd; see al-Bukhari, Ta'rikh, II, 232-34; Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 194.
He is confused with one Junadah b. Abi Umayyah, and, to add to the confusion,
there are two by the latter name, one of them quite well known. See Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, I, 247, 245-46; Khalifahb. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 159, 216; idem, Tabaqat, 116,
305, 309.
701. Prayer for rain (istisga') was practiced both in pre-Islamic and in Islamic
times, naturally with differences arising from paganism vs. monotheism. See
Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, 41; "Istisga'," EI2, IV,269-70 (T. Fahd).
702. Genealogy, nasab (here nisbah), was pivotal in the social life of the Arabs
both before and after Islam. Boasting of their own genealogy and degrading that of
the others were customary among both tribes and individuals and were strongly
repudiated by Islam. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, chap. 2.
703. The traditional pre-Islamic way of wailing for the dead, niyahah or nawh,
was strictly forbidden by Islam; see note 179, above.
704. Apparently known only in connection with the tradition recorded here; see
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 4-5. Al-Dulabi mentions only his name.
705. Apparently known only in connection with the tradition recorded here; see
Ibn al-Athir, Usd, V, 331.
706. He was Sulayman b. `Abd al-Malik's doorkeeper; see de Goeje, 2424 n. h.
157
God, announce fixed prices for us." He retorted: "Let not God call
me to account for a custom (sunnah) I introduced to you without
His ordering me to do it. Nay, ask God for His favor."707
Abu al-Mu`alla's father. 708
According to al-Fall b. Sahl al-A`raj-Mu`alla b. Mansur`Ubaydallah b. `Amr-`Abd al-Malik b. `Umayr-Abu al-Mu`alla-his father: The Prophet stood at the pulpit and said "My foot is
placed at one of paradise's gates."709
Murrah.71o
According to al-Hasan b. `Arafah-`Umar b. `Abd al-RahmanMuhammad b. Juhadah-Muhammad b. `Ajlan-Murrah's
daughter-her father-the Prophet: One who acts as guardian of
an orphan, whether on his own or someone else's behalf, will be
with me in paradise [as close to me as that], if he fears God; and he
indicated [it] with his forefinger and middle finger.
`Ubaydallah b. Mihsan.711
According to $alih b. Mismar-Muhammad b. `Abd al-`AzizMarwan-`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Shumaylah al-Ansari-Salamah b. `Ubaydallah b. Mihsan-his father-the Prophet: Whoever
of you gets up in the morning safe in his family and property, sound
in his body, having food for the day, it is as if he owned this world.
`Asim b. Hadrah.712
According to `Imran b. Bakkar al-Kala'I-Yahya b. Salih-Sa`id
707. Sunnah is a term indicating all the customs and practices of the Prophet
considered to be the paradigm of a good Muslim's behavior. Here the idea is expressed that not only the Qur'an, but also the sunnah, has a divine origin. See
Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 24-38 and passim.
708. An Ansari, known in connection with the tradition recorded here; see In
Hajar, Isabah, IV, 182-83.
709. Tur'ah min tura` al-jannah. Tur'ah means both the pulpit's flight of steps
and a gate or door. The word is here used in both meanings simultaneously, the
idea being that this very flight of steps leads to paradise.
710. I could not trace this individual.
711. An Ansari, apparently known only in connection with the tradition recorded here; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 439-40; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 65.
712. Or IIadrad, an Ansari known in connection with the tradition recorded
here; see In Hajar, Isabah, II, 245.
158
[2426]
Biographies
[2427]
Rashid b. I;Iubaysh.714
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Bashshar-Muhammad b.
Bakr-Sa'Id [b. Abi `Arubah]-Qatadah [b. Di`amah]-Muslim b.
Yasar-Abu al-Ash'ath al-San`ani-Rashid b. IIubaysh: The
Prophet visited `Ubadah b. al-Samit,715 who was ill, and said "Do
you know the identity of the martyrs (shuhada') of my community?" The people remained silent; `Ubadah b. al-Samit said
"Assist me [to sit up]," which they did, and he answered: "Those
who bear patiently and seek God's reward." The Prophet then
said: "In that case, the martyrs of my community are few. [I say
that] to be killed in the path of God counts as martyrdom
(shahadah), and so do death in a plague, drowning, death by a belly
disease, and the death of a woman in labor; [such a woman's] child
pulls his mother to paradise by the umbilical cord." Abu al-'Aw713. Of the Azd tribe, al-Dulabi, I, 53-54; Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 150. There is, however,
a confusion between several persons of that kunyah. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 179;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 313; Ibn al-Athir, Usd, V, 295-96.
714. It is disputed whether he was a Companion or a Successor; he is known in
connection with the tradition recorded here; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 494.
715. An eminent Ansari and the first judge in Filastin. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II,
268-69; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 87-88; al-Safadi, XVI, 618-r9.
159
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Ibn Ju`dubah.721
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to al-`Abbas b. al-Walid-Sa`id b. Mansur-Ya`qub b.
`Abd al-Rahman and `Abd al-`Aziz b. Abi Hazim-Abu Hazim
[Salamah b. Dinar]-Muhammad b. Ka'b-Ibn Ju`dubah-the
Prophet: God is pleased with three things and hates three things
for you to do: He is pleased that you worship Him without attributing any partner to Him and that you all hold fast to the
covenant of God without being at variance with one another and
that you obey those whom God has appointed to rule you.722 He
hates you to engage in gossip, to ask too many questions, and to
waste money.723
Abu Mu`attib b. `Amr.724
According to [Muhammad] In Humayd-Salamah [b. alFadl]-Muhammad b. Ishaq-al-Hasan b. Dinar-`Ata' b. Abi
Marwan al-Aslami-his father-Abu Mu'attib b. `Amr: When the
Prophet looked down on Khaybar he said to his Companions,
among whom I was [too]725 "Stop!" Then he said: "0 God, Lord
of the heavens and whatever lies under their shadows, Lord
of the earth and whatever it sustains, Lord of the devils and
whomever they lead astray, Lord of the winds and whatever they
[2429] scatter! We ask You [to give us] the good of this town and
its people and whatever is in it, and we seek refuge in You from
its evil and the evil of its people and of whatever is in it; advance, in the name of God." He used to say this for every town he
entered.
721. Yazid b. `Iyad, a Basran Successor, of the Kinani clan the Banu Layth. See
Ibn Sa'd, V, 305; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, XI, 308-9.
722. Unity of the community and obedience to rulers are closely connected. See
p. 102 and note 487, above.
723. Or, "property."
724. A Companion, of the Aslam tribe; he is known to have fought in the
Muslim army during the apostasy wars. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 181; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 112, 137; al-Diilabi, I, 55.
725. See al-Wagidi, 658, where another report about Khaybar is traced back to
him (he is called Mu`attib al-Aslami there).
161
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sent [on his divine mission] and God revealed the verse "The
hands of Abu Lahab have perished," 730 `Utbah's father said to him
"Divorce Muhammad's daughter, or else all ties between us will
be [irreversibly] severed." So `Utbah divorced Ruqayyah without
having consummated the marriage. She embraced Islam when her
mother Khadijah did and swore allegiance to the Prophet, together
with the other women.731 `Uthman b. `Affan married her, and she
emigrated twice to Abyssinia with him. On the first emigration
she miscarried the child she had from `Uthman, but later she bore
him a son whom he named `Abdallah. When the Prophet emigrated [to Medina] she followed suit, after her husband `Uthman.
Ruqayyah fell ill when the Prophet was preparing to set out for
[the battle of] Badr, so he left `Uthman behind [to watch over
her].732 She died in Ramadan, seventeen months after the
Prophet's Emigration/March 624, while the Prophet was at Badr.
Zayd b. Harithah came from Badr with the good news [of the
victory], and when he entered Medina the [people] were leveling
the earth over her [grave].733
[24311
731. Hina bdya`ahu al-nisa'. This is not to be confused with the so-called bay'at
al-nisi', the name given to the first pledge of the Ansar in the first `Agabah meeting; see Ibn Hisham, II, 75; Guillaume, 198-99.
732. This account has a political significance, as 'Uthman's opponents accused
him of cowardice and considered him therefore unqualified to rule. `Uthman's supporters justified his absence from the battle of Badr by the permission, or even order,
of the Prophet that he should stay behind and watch over the sick Ruqayyah. As for
Uhud, it is claimed that God forgave him. See, e.g., al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 326.
733. Ibn Sa`d, VIII, 24.
163
737. "Zainab," Eh, IV, 1200 (V. Vacca); al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 429; Khalifah b.
Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 26 ; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 258.
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[2432]
165
[2433]
166
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Sand bt. al-Salt b. Habib b. Harithah b. Hilal b. Hardm b. Sammal b. `Awf al-Sulamiyyah.746
According to Hisham b. Muhammad al-Kalbi-someone from
the family of `Abdalldh b. Khdzim al-Sulami:747 The Prophet married Sand bt. al-Salt b. Habib al-Sulamiyyah, but she died before he
reached her.
Khawlah bt. al-Hudhayl b. Hubayrah b. Qabisah b. al-IHarith b.
Habib b. Hurgah b. Tha'labah b. Bakr b. Hubayb b. `Amr b. Ghanm
b. Taghlib.748
Her mother was the daughter of Khalifah b. Farwah b. Fadalah b.
Zayd b. Imri' al-Qays b. al-Khazraj al-Kalbi and the sister of
Dihyah b. Khalifah.
According to Hisham b. Muhammad [al-Kalbi]-al-Shargi b.
Qutami: The Prophet married Khawlah bt. al-Hudhayl, but she
died on her way, before reaching him. She had been raised by her
maternal aunt, Khirniq bt. Khalifah, Dihyah b. Khalifah's
sister.749
The [Death] Dates750 of the Prophet's Daughters,
Paternal Aunts, and Wives Who Died after Him
Fatimah, the Prophet's daughter.
Her mother was Khadijah bt. Khuwaylid. She was born at the
time when the Quraysh were building the House,751 five years
before the beginning of the Prophet' s mission.
746. Called Sana' bt. Asma' in other sources; of the Sulami clan the Banu Sammal. See Lecker, Bann Sulaym, 84; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 463.
747. A nephew of Sana'. He was a famous warrior and governor of Khurasan; see
Lecker, Bann Sulaym, 82.
748. Her father, al-Hudhayl b. Hubayrah, of the Taghlibi clan Tha`labah b. Bakr,
was a distinguished leader in Mesopotamia in pre-Islamic times. See Ibn al-Kalbi,
Nasab ma'add, 93; idem., Jamharat, 574; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muh.abbar, 24950; Naga'ici, 473, 703; Caskel, II, 286. One of his daughters, Rayhanah, was taken
captive by the Muslims during the conquests; see al -Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2073. On
Khawlah, see al -Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 460.
749. Ibn Sa'd, VIII, 114-15.
750. Dhikr ta'rikh man mata ... etc. Ta'rikh means "date" as well as "history"
and "biography," but the chapter deals mainly with deaths and dates. Cf. the next
chapter, where it is clear that "dates" are meant in the rubric.
751. That is, the Ka`bah; see Rubin, "The Ka'ba," 98-104.
167
[2435]
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169
[2437]
170 Biographies
[2438]
760. According to the Muslim law, a widow or divorced woman should wait for
a certain period before remarrying (in order to see whether she is pregnant by her
former husband); see "Idda," EI2, III, 1010-13 (Y. Linant de Bellefonds).
761. The Prophet never married another woman during Khadijah's lifetime.
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172
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Zayd b. Harithah and his client Abu Rafi` for us. He gave
them two camels and Soo dirhams he had taken from Abu
Bakr to buy [other] beasts they needed. Abu Bakr sent with
them `Abdallah b. Uraygit al-Dill, with two or three
camels. He wrote to [his son] `Abdallah b. Abi Bakr to take
his wife Umm Ruman, together with me and my sister
Asma', al-Zubayr's wife, [and leave for Medina]. They all
left [Medina] together, and when they arrived at
Qudayd767 Zayd b. Harithah bought three camels with
those 50o dirhams. All of them then entered Mecca, where
they met Talhah b. `Ubaydallah on his way to leave town,
together with Abu Bakr's family.768 So we all left: Zayd b.
Harithah, Abu Rafi`, Fatimah, Umm Kulthum, and
Sawdah bt. Zam'ah. Zayd mounted Umm Ayman and [his
son] Usamah b. Zayd on a riding beast; `Abdallah b. Abi
Bakr took Umm Ruman and his two sisters, and Talhah b.
`Ubaydallah came [too]. We all went together,769 and
when we reached Bayd in Tamanni770 my camel broke
loose. I was sitting in the litter together with my mother,
and she started exclaiming "Alas, my daughter, alas [you]
bride"; then they caught up with our camel, after it had
safely descended the Lift.771 We then arrived at Medina,
and I stayed with Abu Bakr's children, and [Abu Bakr]
went to the Prophet.772 The latter was then busy building
the mosque and our homes around it,773 where he [later]
housed his wives. We stayed in Abu Bakr's house for a few
days; then Abu Bakr asked [the Prophet] "0 Messenger of
767. A place near Mecca, see Yaqut, Mu `jam al-buldan, IV, 42. Note that the
story temporarily reverts from the first to the third person.
768. Talhah and Abu Bakr belonged to the same Qurashi clan , the Banu Taym.
769. The text ( and Cairo, 6oi, and Dar al-Fikr, 604 ) has "the two of them went
together " ( wa-ista1labd), which makes no sense here. The difference between the
two words is one character, n (wa-ista1 abnd) , which can easily be overlooked in a
manuscript.
770. See Yaqut, Mu`jam al- buldan, I, 795 , 874.
771. A wadi between Mecca and Medina; see Yaqut , Mu`jam al-buldan, I, 36061.
772. De Goeje interprets nazala i1a here not as "went " but as "stayed " or "lived
with," the agent of the verb being, according to him, Usamah b. Zayd; see 2440 n. c.
773. See al- Samhudi, II, 322-40.
173
774. It is not clear whether Abu Bakr pays this sum as dowry or gives the
Prophet the money to pay the bridal gift because the Prophet was short of cash. See
also p . 189, below.
775. See al- Samhudi, II, 458-60, 540-42.
776. ltar or witr, a prayer consisting of an odd number of prayer units (rak'ahs)
performed at night; see "Witr ," Eh, IV, 1139-40 (A. J. Wensinck).
[2441]
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Biographies
ent [at `A'ishah's funeral when] Abu Hurayrah said the prayer over
her bier; [`Abdallah] b. `Umar was in the crowd and did not condemn it.777 Marwan had gone on a lesser pilgrimage (`umrah) that
year and appointed Abu Hurayrah vice-governor.
777. It is not clear what was condemnable here; perhaps that it was not the
governor, Marwan b. al -Hakam, who held the funeral service, as stated in the next
sentence . See also below.
778. "Hafsa," EI2, III, 63-65; Jeffery, 212 - 13; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 422-28;
Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabaqat, 334 Ibn Qudamah, 75-76; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 257.
779. A member of the Qurashi clan the Jumah and an early convert, known for
his asceticism; see Ibn Qudamah , 444-45.
175
[2443]
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[2444]
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidl]-Kathir b. Zayd-al-Muttalib b. `Abdallah b. Hantab: The Widow of the Arabs went in to the
Lord of the Muslims as a bride early in the evening and got up at
the end of the night to mill.
He meant Umm Salamah.788
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidl]-Ma`mar [b. Rashid]-[Ibn
Shihab] al-Zuhri-Hind bt. al-Harith al-Firasiyyah: The Prophet
said "`A'ishah has a part in me occupied by no one else." When he
married Umm Salamah the Prophet was asked "0 Messenger of
God, what about that part?" The Prophet remained silent, and it
was known that Umm Salamah occupied [a place in] his [heart].789
According to In `Umar [al-Wagidl]: Umm Salamah died in
Shawwal 59/July-August 679.
According to In `Umar [al-Wagidl]-`Abdallah b. Nafi`-his
father: Abu Hurayrah said the prayer over Umm Salamah's bier in
al-Bagi'. The governor [of Medina] was al-Walld b. `Utbah b. Abi
Sufyan,790 [but] he had gone on business to al-Ghabah791 and appointed Abu Hurayrah to lead the prayers, so the latter [also]
prayed over Umm Salamah's bier. [The narrator] said: He went
away only because she had requested that the governor would not
say the prayer over her bier, and he did not want to be present
while someone else performed the service, so he left on purpose,
appointing Abu Hurayrah [to replace him].
According to al-Harith [b. Muhammad]-Ibn Sa`d, in another
place792-al-Wagidl: Umm Salamah died at the beginning of the
year 59/678, during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah. Her brother's son
`Abdallah b. `Abdallah b. Abi Umayyah said the prayer over her
bier.
According to al-Harith-Muhammad b. Suhayl-Abu Ubaydah Ma`mar b. al-Muthanna: The Prophet married Umm Salamah, that is, Hind bt. AbI Umayyah b. al-Mughirah b. `Abdallah b.
178
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796. Drinking wine is here used to indicate the difference between Muslims and
Christians . It is also related to the dream, in which Umm Habibah saw her husband deformed. Cf . Qur'an 5:59-61.
797. A designation of the wives of the Prophet.
798. That is, the Abyssinian ruler.
799. As the Muslims who emigrated to Abyssinia were supposed to be under the
negus ' protection, the story makes the Prophet address him in the matter of the
marriage. See also below, and al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1570-71.
8oo. A relative of hers, one of the very few early Umayyad converts. See Ibn
Hajar, Isdbah, I, 406-7; Ibn Qudamah , 187-90.
179
[2446]
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[2447]
from you." When we came to the Prophet I told him about the
betrothal [ceremony] and about Abrahah and her conduct with
me, and he smiled. I greeted him on her behalf, and he said "Peace
be with her, too, and God's mercy."
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Ishaq b. MuhammadJa`far b. Muhammad-his father: The Prophet sent `Amr b. Urnayyah al-Damri805 to the negus, asking him to give him in marriage Umm Habibah bt. Abi Sufyan, who had been married to
`Ubaydallah b. Jahsh. The negus gave her to him in marriage and
contributed a bridal gift of 40o dinars from his own [pocket], on
behalf of the Prophet.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Muhammad b. Salih`Asim b. `Umar b. Qatadah, and also [Ibn `Umar al-Wagidi]-`Abd
al-Rahman b. `Abd al-`Aziz-`Abdallah b. Abi Bakr b. Hazm: The
man who gave Umm Habibah in marriage and from whom the
negus asked her was Khalid b. Said b. al-`As; this occurred in the
year 7/628-29. She was thirty-odd years old when she was brought
to Medina.
Umm Habibah died in the year 44/April 4, 664-March 24, 665,
during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah.
Zaynab bt. Jahsh b. Ri'ab, sister of `Abd al-Rahman b. Jalhsh.806
Her mother was Umaymah bt. `Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim.807
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Umar b. `Uthman alJahshi-his father: Zaynab bt. Jahsh, who was a beautiful woman,
was among those who emigrated [to Medina] with the Prophet.
When the Prophet arrived at Medina he asked that she be given to
[his adopted son] Zayd b. Harithah in marriage, but she said "0
Messenger of God, I cannot give my consent, for I am the widow of
the Quraysh. "808 The Prophet replied "But I give my consent that
you should [marry him]." So Zayd b. IHarithah married her.
According to Ibn Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. `Amir al-Aslami-Muhammad b. Yahya b. Habban: The Prophet came to
805. A famous warrior and Companion, of the Kinanah tribe; see In Hajar,
Igdbah, II, 524.
806. Of the Jahsh family, seep. 168, above; "Zainab bint Jahsh," El', IV, 1199 V.
Vacca); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 122; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 433-37; Ansari.
807. That is, the Prophet's paternal aunt.
8o8. Perhaps she considers herself unworthy, having been married before, or
Zayd, a former slave, is unworthy of her. See note 853, below.
181
Zayd b. Harithah's house looking for him. Zayd was [at that time]
called only Zayd b. Muhammad, and the Prophet sometimes
would miss him [after] a time and would say "Where is Zayd?"
[Once] he went to Zayd's house but did not find him [there].
Zaynab rose toward him and said "Come here, 0 Messenger of
God," but he turned away, muttering something unintelligible,
except the words "Praised be God the Great, praised be God, who
turns the hearts." When Zayd came home his wife told him that
the Prophet had come to his house. Zayd asked "Didn't you ask
him to come in?" She said "I proposed it to him but he declined."
Zayd asked "Did you hear him say anything?" She said: "When he
turned away I heard him say something I did not understand, and I
heard him say 'Praised be God the Great, praised be God who turns
the hearts."' Zayd left [his house] and went to the Prophet. He
said: "0 Messenger of God, I heard that you came to my house.
Why didn't you come in? 0 Messenger of God, may my father and
mother be your ransom! Perhaps [the problem is] that you like
Zaynab? In that case, I shall divorce her." The Prophet said "Keep
your wife." [But] Zayd could not touch her [after that]. He would
come to the Prophet and tell him [about it], and the latter would
say "Keep your wife," and Zayd would say "O Messenger of God, I
shall divorce her," and the Prophet would say "Keep your wife."
Zayd divorced her [all the same] and abstained from her, and she
became lawful [for remarriage]. [One day], while talking to
`A'ishah, the Prophet fainted. On regaining consciousness he
smiled and said "Who will go to Zaynab to bring her the glad
tidings that God from above gave her to me in marriage?" The
Prophet [then] recited "(Recall) when thou wert saying to him
upon whom Allah bestowed favor and upon whom thou didst
bestow favor."809 `A'ishah narrated: I was upset by both near and
remote troubles, having heard of Zaynab's beauty. What was
more, the greatest and noblest of all things happened to her, as
God from heaven gave her in marriage. I said [to myself ] "She is
going to boast of it to us." Salma, the Prophet's servant, then went
quickly and told [Zaynab] about it. [Zaynab] gave her silver ornaments for this [service].810
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According to `Umar b. `Uthman b. `Abdallah al-Jahshi-his father: The Prophet married Zaynab bt. Jahsh on the first of Dhu alQa`dah 5 /April 24, 627.
183
Juwayriyyah had been married to Musafi` b. Safwan Dhd alShufr b. Abi Sarlh b. Malik b. Jadhimah, who was killed in the
battle of al-Murays!'.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Yazid b. `Abdallah b.
Qusayt-his father-Muhammad b. `Abd al-Ralhman b.
Thawban-`A'ishah: The Prophet took prisoner some women of
the Band al-Mustaliq. He set aside the legal fifth [of the booty]
(khums) and divided [the rest] among the people, giving the
cavalrymen two shares and the footsoldiers one share [each].
Juwayriyyah bt. al-Harith b. Abi Dirar fell in the lot of Thabit b.
Qays b. Shammas al-Ansari. She had been married to a cousin of
hers named Safwan b. Malik b. Jadhimah Dhu al-Shufr, who was
killed, leaving her a widow. Thabit made a contract with her to
free her against the sum of nine ounces [of gold]. She was a sweet
woman; everyone who just saw her fell for her. Now, the Prophet
was staying with me when Juwayriyyah came in, asking his help
in that contract of freedom. By God, the moment I saw her I
resented her entering upon the Prophet, knowing that he would
see in her the same as I did. She said: "0 Messenger of God, I am
Juwayriyyah, daughter of al-Harith, chief of his clan. You know
what I have been going through; I fell in the lot of Thabit b. Qays,
and he made a contract to free me against the sum of nine ounces
[of gold]. Help me to free myself." The Prophet said "How about a
better arrangement?" She asked "What is it?" He said "I will pay
your contract on your behalf, then marry you." She said "Yes, 0
Messenger of God, I accept this." The news spread among the
people, and they said "Shall the Prophet's brothers-in-law be enslaved?" So they set free the prisoners they held of the Band alMustaliq. A hundred men, women, and children were freed on the
occasion of the Prophet's marriage to Juwayriyyah, and I know no
woman who was more helpful to her people than she. All this took
place on the Prophet's return from the battle of Muraysi`.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Abi al-Abyad,
Juwayriyyah's client-his father: The Prophet took [some of the]
Band al-Mustaliq prisoner. Juwayriyyah was among them, and her
father came [to Medina] and ransomed her. He gave her to the
Prophet in marriage at a later stage.
According to [Ibn `Umar al-Wagidi]-Ishaq b. Yahya b. Talhah-[Ibn Shihab] al-Zuhri-Malik b. Aws-`Umar: The Prophet
[2450]
[.2451]
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185
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186 Biographies
sister of his concubine (umm walad) [Lubabah al-Kubra] bt. alHarith al-Hilaliyyah, the mother of his son al-Fadl.
The Prophet married Maymunah in Sarif, [a place] ten miles
from Mecca.819 She was the last woman he married, in the year
7/628, during the lesser pilgrimage of the Consummation (`umrat
a1-gadiyyah).
[2454]
187
proached her she said "I seek God's protection against you,"822
whereupon the Prophet said "You have asked the protection of a
mighty one; go [back] to your family."
According to `Abdallah b. ja`far-`Abd al-Wahid b. Abi AwnIbn Mannah: She uttered the formula "I seek God's protection"
(a`udhu bi-Alldh) against the Prophet, for she had been dumbfounded and had lost her mind. [Later], whenever she asked permission to enter and see the Prophet's wives, she would say "I am
the miserable one" and "I have been cheated."
According to Muhammad b. `Abdallah-[Ibn Shihab] al-Zuhrl:
It was Fatimah bt. al-Dahlhak b. Sufyan, who uttered the formula
"I seek God's protection" against the Prophet, and he divorced
her. [Afterward], she used to collect camel dung and say "I am the
miserable one."
The Prophet had married [the Kilabiyyah] in Dhu al-Qa`dah
8/February-March 630. She died in the year 6o/October 13, 679September 30, 680.
According to `Abdallah b. Sulayman-`Amr b. Shu`ayb-his
father-his grandfather: The Prophet had already consummated
his marriage with her, but when he gave his wives the option [to
leave him]823 she opted for her clan, so he divorced her. [Afterward], she used to collect camel dung and say "I am the miserable
one."
According to `Abdallah b. ja`far-Musa b. Said and Ibn Abi
`Awn: The Prophet divorced her only because she had leprosy.824
According to `Abdallah b. Ja`far, Ibn Abi Sabrah, and `Abd
a1-`Aziz b. Muhammad-[Yazid] Ibn a1-Had-Tha`labah b. AbI
Malik-Husayn b. `Ali: The Prophet married a woman of the Banu
`Amir who would peep at the people in the mosque825 whenever
he went out. The Prophet's wives informed him about it, and he
said "You lie about her," but they said "We will show her to you
while she is peeping." He said "Agreed." They showed her to him
while she was peeping, and he divorced her. Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]
said: I told this story to `Ubaydallah b. Said b. AbI Hind, and he
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told me on the authority of his father: She uttered the formula "I
seek God's protection against you," so he returned her [to her
family].
The Prophet married no other woman of the Banu `Amin; also he
never married anyone of the Kindah, except the Jawniyyah.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Ibrahim b. WathimahAbu Wajzah [Yazid b. `Ubayd]: The Prophet married her in Dhu alQa'dah 8/February-March 630, on returning from al-Ji`ranah.
According to Abu Mus`ab Ismail b. Mus`ab-an old man from
her clan: She died in the year 60/679-80.
According to Hisham b. Muhammad [al-Kalbi]-al-`ArzamiNafi` [client of `Abdallah b. `Umar]-[`Abdallah] Ibn `Umar:
Among the Prophet's wives was one Sand bt. Sufyan b. `Awf b.
Ka'b b. Abi Bakr b. Kilab.826
[Hisham b. Muhammad citing `Abdallah] Ibn `Umar: The
Prophet sent Abu Usayd [Malik b. Rabi`ah] al-Sa`idi827 to ask a
woman of the Banu `Amir in marriage on his behalf. Her name was
`Amrah bt. Yazid b. 'Ubayd b. Ruwas b. Kilab. The Prophet married her; then it came to his knowledge that she had leprosy, so he
divorced her.
Hisham [b. Muhammad]-a man of the Banu Abi Bakr b. Kilab:
The Prophet married al-`Aliyah bt. Zabyan b. `Amr b. `Awf b. Ka`b
b. Abd b. Abi Bakr b. Kilab. She stayed with him for a while; then
he divorced her.
Asma' bt. al-Nu`man b. Abi al-Jawn al-Aswad b. al-Harith b.
Sharahil b. al-Dawn b. Akil al-Murar al-Kindi.828
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Muhammad b. Ya`qub b.
`Utbah-`Abd al-Wahid b. Abi `Awn al-Dawsi: Al-Nu`man b. Abf
al-Jawn al-Kinds used to dwell with his clan in Najd, near alSharabbah.829 When he came to the Prophet to declare his conversion to Islam he said to him: "0 Messnger of God, shall I give you
in marriage the most beautiful among the Arab widows? She had
826. See al-Salihi, 246, 250, 254, 255.
827. An Ansari of the Khazraji clan Banu Sa`idah, who was the standard bearer of
his clan on the day of the conquest of Mecca; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 344.
828. Of the noble Kindah tribe, see al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 456-58.
829. A region in Najd (central part of the Arabian Peninsula); see Yaqut, Mu`jam
al-buldan, III, 272.
i89
been married to a relative of hers, but he died, and she lost her
way. Her heart inclines to you, and she wants [to marry] you." The
Prophet [agreed to] marry her [and pay] twelve and a half ounces [of
gold]. Al-Nu`man said " 0 Messenger of God, do not show contempt for her by [being stingy] with the bridal gift." The Prophet
said " I never gave more than that as bridal gift for any of my wives,
and I never give any of my daughters more than that as dowry."830
Al-Nu`man said: " It is you who set the example; 0 Messenger of
God, send for your wife! I shall go with your messenger and send
your wife [to you] with him." The Prophet sent Abu Usayd alSa`idi [with al-Nu`man] . When they came to her she was sitting in
her tent and gave him permission831 to come in. Abu Usayd then
said "The Prophet's wives should not be seen by men." Abu Usayd
[later] related "This was after the verse of the Veil (hijdb) was
revealed."832 She sent to Abu Usayd a message, saying "Show me
the right thing to do." He said "[Put] a veil between yourself and
the men you talk with, except those who are your close relatives."833 She did that. Abu Usayd related: I stayed there for three
days, then left carrying a woman in a litter on a camel . I brought
her to Medina and lodged her with the Banu Sa'idah. The women
of the clan, glad about her [coming], went in to greet her. They
came out talking about her beauty, and the news of her arrival
spread in Medina. I went to the Prophet, who was staying with the
Banu `Amr b. `Awf, and told him [about it]. [Meanwhile], a woman
came in to see her, having heard [from the other women ] about her
beauty, of which they knew. She was one of the most beautiful of
all women. [That] woman said to her "You are of royal blood,834
and, if you want to gain favor with the Prophet, utter the formula
'I seek God's protection from you'; in this way you will gain his
favor, and he will like you."835
830. The term used in both cases is sadaq . Obviously there is no distinction
here between bridal gift paid by the groom and the dowry given to the bride by her
family. See pp . 164, 186, and notes 738 , 820, above.
831. The text shifts to the singular because the following issue, that of the
Prophet's women talking to strangers , obviously does not concern al-Nu`man, the
woman's father.
832. Qur' an 33:53; see note 813, above.
833. That is, those unattainable to you in marriage.
834. The Al al-Dawn were the kings of Kindah.
835. Seep . 165, above.
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[2458]
[2459]
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191
notorious among the Arabs." She called Abu Usayd and said
"What happened happened; what shall I do now?" He answered:
"Stay in your home and keep yourself veiled, except in the presence of your close relatives. No one should want [to marry] you
after the Prophet, for you are one of the Mothers of the Faithful."
She stayed [like that], no one wishing [to marry] her and no one
seeing her except her close relatives, until she died at her family's
place in Najd, during the caliphate of `Uthman b. `Affan.
According to Hisham b. Muhammad [al-Kalbi]-Zuhayr b. Mu`awiyah al-Ju'fi: She died of sorrow.
According to al-Harith-Muhammad b. Suhayl-Abu `Ubaydah
Ma'mar b. al-Muthanna: The Prophet married a Yemeni woman by
the name of Asma' bt. al-Nu`man b. al-Jawn b. Sharahil b. alNu'man, of the Kindah. When he went to see her and invited her [to
approach] him she said "[No], you approach me!" She refused to
approach him, so he divorced her.
According to others: She was the most beautiful of all women,
and the Prophet's wives were afraid that she would gain precedence with him over them, so they told her "We think that, when
he approaches you, you should say 'I seek God's protection from
you."' So when he approached her she said "I seek the Merciful's
protection from you, if you are God fearing." He said "You sought
protection in a [good] Protector; anyone who seeks God's protection should be granted it, and God indeed protects you from me."
So he divorced her and ordered al-Saqit b. `Amr al-Ansari to equip
her; then he sent her to her clan. She used to call herself "the
wretched one."
192
Biographies
193
[2461]
194
Biographies
[2462] eunuch called Mabur. Al-Muqawqas sent all this [to the Prophet]
with Hatib b. Abi Balta'ah. The latter suggested to Mariyah that
she embrace Islam and made her wish to do so; thus she and her
sister were converted, whereas the eunuch adhered to his religion
until he was [also] converted later in Medina, while the Prophet
was [still] alive.
The Prophet admired Umm Ibrahim, who was fair-skinned and
beautiful. He lodged her in al-'Aliyah, at the property nowadays
called the mashrabah of Umm Ibrahim. He used to visit her there
and ordered her to veil herself, [but] he had intercourse with her by
virtue of her being his property.845 When she became pregnant
[and her time was due] she gave birth there, the midwife being
Salma, the Prophet's client. Abu Rafi`, Salma's husband, brought
the Prophet the news of Ibrahim's [birth], and the Prophet gave
him a slave as a present. This occurred in Dhu al-IHijjah 8/MarchApril 630.
The Ansar argued among themselves about who would [mind]
Ibrahim, because they wanted Mariyah to have her hands free for
the Prophet, knowing how he loved her.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]: Mariyah was from Hafn,
from the Ansina district.846
According to Usamah b. Zayd al-Laythi-al-Mundhir b.
`Ubayd-`Abd al-Rahman b. Hassan b. Thabit-his mother Sirin,
Mariyah's sister, whom the Prophet had given to Hassan b.
Thabit, and she bore him `Abd al-Rahman. She said: "I saw the
Prophet when Ibrahim died. I was crying loudly and my sister
[too], and he never forbade us to cry loud1y.847 Al-Fadl b. al-'Abbas
washed Ibrahim's body while the Prophet and al-`Abbas were
seated. I then saw the Prophet at the grave's edge, al-`Abbas [stand[2463] ing] beside him. Al-Fadl and Usamah b. Zayd [b. Ilarithah] descended into the grave.848 The sun was eclipsed that day, and people said "The sun is eclipsed because of Ibrahim's death," but the
845. That is, Mariyah was ordered to veil herself as did the Prophet's wives, but
he did not marry her. Cf. p. 184, above.
846. In Upper Egypt, see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-bulddn, I, 381.
847. The issue alluded to here is mourning customs, debated in the Muslim
community. See p. 156 and note 179, above.
848. See p. 11, above.
195
Prophet said "The sun will not be eclipsed for anyone's death or
life."
The Prophet saw an opening in the grave and ordered that it be
stopped up. He was asked about it and said: "It does neither harm
nor good, but the living are pleased [when it is done] . When a man
does something, God prefers that he do it properly."
According to Ibn Umar [al-Wagid.i]-Musa b. Muhammad b.
`Abd al-Rahman-his father: Abu Bakr supported Mariyah until
his death; then `Umar during his caliphate did the same until she
died.849
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi] : Mariyah, mother of
Ibrahim, son of the Prophet, died in Muharram 16/February 637.
`Umar was seen assembling people to attend her [funeral]; then he
said the prayer over her bier . Her grave is in al-BagF.
Names of the Hdshimf Women Believers Who Outlived the Prophet, Transmitted Traditions from Him,
and Had [Their] Knowledge Transmitted from Them
Fatimah, daughter of the Prophet.
She outlived [her father], and traditions were transmitted from
her, among them the following. According to `Imran b. Musa`Abd al -Warith-Layth-`Abdallah b . al-Hasan-his mother Fatimah-his grandmother Fatimah al -Kubra ( senior): The Prophet
used to enter the mosque and utter the formula " May God bless
the Prophet," 850 then say " God, forgive me my sins and open the
doors of Your benevolence for me."
According to Muhammad b. `Ubayd al -Muharibi -al-Muttalib
b. Ziyad-Layth-`Abdallah b . al-Hasan-Fatimah al-Sughra
(junior )-Fatimah al -Kubra ( senior): The Prophet used to enter the
mosque and say "In the name of God, 0 God, bless Muhammad
and his family, forgive my sins, and open the doors of Your mercy
for me." Going out he used to say "In the name of God, forgive my
sins, and open the doors of Your benevolence for me."
849. The Prophet 's wives were entitled to regular pensions, but not Mariyah,
who was not married to him.
85o. Idha dakhala al-masjid sally `ala al-nabiyy. See note 379 , above.
[2464]
196 Biographies
According to Ya`qub b. Ibrahim and al-Fall b. al-SabbahIsmd'il b. `Ulayyah-Layth-`Abdallah b. Hasan b. Hasan-his
mother, Fatimah bt. al-Ii iusayn-her grandmother Fatimah
daughter of the Prophet: The Prophet used to enter the mosque
and utter the formula "May God bless Muhammad and give him
peace," then say "0 God, forgive my sins and open the doors of
Your mercy for me." On going out he used to utter the formula
"May God bless Muhammad and give him peace," then say "0
God, forgive my sins, and open the doors of Your benevolence for
me."
According to al-Rabe` b. Sulayman-Asad [b. Musa]-Qays b. alRabi`-`Abdallah b . al-Hasan -Fatimah bt. al-Husayn-Fatimah
al-Kubra (senior): The Prophet used to enter the mosque and say
"O God, bless Muhammad, and give him peace; 0 God, forgive my
sins , and open the doors of Your mercy for me." On going out of
the mosque he used to say "0 God, bless Muhammad, and give
him peace; 0 God, forgive my sins, and open the doors of Your
benevolence for me."
[246s]
197
Umm Hani' later embraced Islam, a fact that separated her from
Hubayrah.854 The Prophet asked her to marry him, but she said
"By God, I used to love you in the Jahiliyyah, so I certainly do so in
Islam, but I have young children, and I hate to [see them] bothering
you." The Prophet said: "The best women ever to have ridden
camels are the women of the Quraysh. They are the most affectionate toward their small children and the most excellent in
doing good to their husbands when they [the women] are
wealthy.1"855
Umm Hani' outlived the Prophet and transmitted traditions
from him, among them the following. According to Abu Kurayb
[Muhammad b. al Ala']-`Ubaydallah- Isra 'il-al-Suddi [Isma'il
b. `Abd al-Rahman]-Abu Salih [Badham]-Umm Hani': The
Prophet asked me to marry him, but I excused myself, and he
accepted my excuse. God later revealed the verse "We have made
allowable for thee thy wives to whom thou hast given their hires
... those who have emigrated with thee, "856 so I became unlawful to him because I did not emigrate with him. I was one of those
who were converted to Islam against their will (tulaga').857
Dubd'ah bt. al-Zubayr b. `Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim.858
The Prophet gave this [woman], Duba`ah bt. al-Zubayr, to alMigdad b. `Amr in marriage, and she bore him `Abdallah and Karimah. `Abdallah was killed in the battle of the Camel [fighting on
the side of ] `A'ishah. `Ali [b. Abi Talib] passed by his body and said
"What an evil sister's son this is!"859
Duba'ah transmitted traditions from the Prophet.
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Bashshar-`Abd al-Samad b.
well. See "Kafd'ah," EI2, IV, 404 (Y. Linant de Bellefonds); Shukri, 34-42.
854. Seep. 15, above.
198
Biographies
`Abd al-Warith-Hammam b. Yahya-Qatadah [b. Di`amah]Ishaq b. `Abdallah b. al-Harith-his grandmother Umm al-Hakam-her sister Duba`ah bt. al-Zubayr, who related that she had
brought the Prophet [a piece of ] meat and he nibbled at it, then
prayed without performing ablution.
[2466] Umm al-Hakam bt. al-Zubayr b. `Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim.860
She was married to Rabi`ah b. al-Harith b. `Abd al-Muttalib and
bore him Muhammad, `Abbas, `Abd Shams, `Abd al-Muttalib,
Umayyah, and Arwa al-Kubra (senior).
Umm al-Hakam transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Bashshar-Mu`ddh b. Hishamhis father-Qatadah-Ishaq b. `Abdallah b. Nawfal-Umm alHakam bt. al-Zubayr, who reported that she had handed the
Prophet a [piece] of shoulder meat; he ate some of it, then prayed.
Umm Hakim bt. `Abd al-Muttalib.861
She is the one called al-Bayda' (the white one). She did not live to
see Islam.
Umm Hakim was `Amir b. Kurayz's mother and `Uthman b.
`Affan's maternal grandmother.
Kurayz b. Rabi`ah had married Umm Hakim al-Bayda', who bore
him `Amir, Arwa, Talhah, and Umm Talhah. `Affan b. Abi al-`As
b. Umayyah b. `Abd Shams b. `Abd Manaf married Arwa bt.
Kurayz, who bore him `Uthman b. `Affan. She later married `Uqbah b. Abi Mu`ayt and bore him al-Walid, Khalid, and Umm
Kulthum, children of `Ugbah b. Abi Mu`ayt.862
Safiyyah bt. `Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim.
Her mother was Halah bt. Wuhayb b. `Abd Manaf b. Zuhrah b.
Kilab.
Safiyyah was a half-sister of Hamzah b. `Abd al-Muttalib, on
86o. Sometimes called Umm Hakim. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 331;
Ibn Qudamah, 141; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, Iv, 442-43.
861. Twin sister of `Abdallah, the Prophet's father. See al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I,
88, III (Duri), 311; Ibn Qudamah, 173.
862. A member of the Umayyad family and an enemy of the Prophet. He was
one of the two Qurashi captives who were executed by Muhammad after the battle
of Badr; see Ibn Qudamah, 210.
199
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200 Biographies
201
[2469]
202
Biographies
203
`Abdallah b. Masud's mother, that is, Umm `Abd bt. `Abd Wadd
b. Sawa' b. Quraym b. Sahilah b. Kahil b. al-Harith b. Tamim b.
Sad b. Hudhayl b. Mudrikah b. al-Yas b. Mudar.877
Her mother was Hind bt. `Abd b. al-Harith b. Zuhrah b. Kilab.
Umm `Abd embraced Islam and gave the Prophet the oath of
allegiace. She transmitted from him the following [tradition]. According to Muhammad b. Mu`awiyah al-Anmati-`Abbad b.
al-`Awwam-Aban-Ibrahim-`Algamah [b. Qays al-Nakha`i]`Abdallah [b. Masud]-his mother, who related that she [once]
spent the night with them and the Prophet got up [in the night]
and prayed. She said "I saw him standing long in [that night]
prayer (witr) before prostrating himself."
Zaynab bt. Abi Mu`awiyah al-Thaqafiyyah, `Abdallah b.
Masud's wife.878
Zaynab embraced Islam and gave the Prophet the oath of allegiance. She transmitted traditions from him, among them the
following. According to al-RabI' b. Sulayman-Asad b. Musa[`Abdallah] Ibn LahI ah-Bukayr-Busr b. Said-Zaynab, `Abdallah's wife-the Prophet: Whoever comes to the mosque from
among you should not wear perfume.
Umm Sinan al -Aslamiyyah.879
She transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]880-`Abdallah b.
Abi Yahya-Thubaytah bt. Hanzalah al-Aslamiyyah-her
mother, Umm Sinan al-Aslamiyyah: I came to the Prophet when
he intended to set out for Khaybar and said "0 Messenger of God, I
shall set out with you in this enterprise of yours, to see about
drinking water and to take care of the sick and wounded if there
are any, and, if there are not, I shall assist the men." The Prophet
said: "Go, with God's blessing. There are [also] friends of yours,
both from your clan and others, who approached me [about this],
and I have permitted it. You can go with your clan if you like or
877. Ibn Sa`d, VIII, 2 12. The tribe's name is Hudhayl.
878. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 337.
879. Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 462-63. Almost no biographical details are given.
88o. Al-Wagidi, 685, 686-87; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 284.
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204 Biographies
with us." She said881 "With you." He said "So go with my wife
Umm Salamah." She related: So I was with Umm Salamah.882
[2472]
According to Yiinus [b. `Abd al-A`la]-[`Abdallah] In Wahb['Abd al-Malik] Ibn Jurayj-`Abd al-Hamad b. Jubayr b. ShaybahSa`Id b. al-Musayyab-Umm Sharik, a woman of the Banu `Amir
b. Lu'ayy who related that she had asked the Prophet's opinion
about the killing of lizards, and he had ordered her to kill them.
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala']-`Ubaydallah b. Musa-[`Abd al-Malik] Ibn Jurayj-`Abd al-II Iamid b. Jubayr b. Shaybah-Sa'Id b. al-Musayyab-Umm Sharik, who related that the Prophet had ordered to kill lizards, saying: "They
used to blow on [the Patriarch] Ibrahim."
881. There is a shift here from the first to the third person.
882. The legal issue raised here is the permissibility of the participation of
women in war; see, e.g., al-Fazari, 299-300.
883. Aminah bt. al-Hakam or Abi al-Hakam, mentioned as a source of traditions
for her son Sulayman b. Suhaym; see Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, IV, 169. Ibn Hajar,
Isdbah, IV, 224 promises to supply details on her in another place but fails to do so.
884. Qubbat dhird`. De Goeje's manuscript had q-b-h, which he edited as qubbat but prefers to read as qaby. See 2472 n. b; GLOSSARIUM, s.v. q-b-w. Cairo, 624,
and Dar al-Fikr, 629, also have qubbat.
885. A member of the Qurashi clan `Amir b. Lu'ayy. She was one of the women
who offered themselves to the Prophet in marriage. See Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 269, cf.
284; In Qudamah, 489-90; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagdt, 335; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 422.
886. On the issue of killing and eating lizards, see note 587, above; Cook, "Dietary Law," 220-31; Kister, "Locust's Wing," 349.
205
Umm Marthad.887
She transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Ibrahim b. Said al-Jawhari-Muhammad b. Wahb
b. Abi Karimah al-Harrani-Muhammad b. Maslamah-Abu
`Abd al-Rahim b. al-`Ala'-Muhammad b. `Abdallah b. Abi Sa`sa`ah-his father-Umm Kharijah bt. Sa'd b. al-Rabi`-Umm Marthad, who was one of those who gave the Prophet the oath of
allegiance: We [once] went out with the Prophet, and he said "The
first to meet you [on the way] will be one of the dwellers in paradise." `Ali [b. Abi Talib] met us.
Umm al-Darda'.888
She transmitted traditions from the Prophet, among them the
following. According to Sa'd b. `Abdallah b. al-IIakam-Abu
Zur'ah [al-Dimashgi]-Abu Haywah [Shurayh b. Yazid]-Abu
Sakhr-`Isa, father of Musa, a client of Ja`far b. Kharijah al-AsadiUmm al-Darda': The Prophet met her one day and asked her
"Where do you come from, 0 Umm al-Darda'?" She replied "From
the public bath." He said "By He Who holds my soul in His hand, a
woman who takes off her clothes anywhere but in her home
disgraces herself before God."889
According to al-Rabi` [b. Sulayman]-Asad b. Musa-[`Abdallah] Ibn Lahi'ah-Zabban b. Fa'id-Sahl b. Mu`adh-his fatherUmm al-Darda': I came out of the public bath and met the Prophet,
who asked me "Where do you come from, 0 Umm al-Darda'?" I
replied "From the public bath," whereupon he said "By He Who
holds my soul in His hand, a woman who takes off her clothes
anywhere but in the house of her mother or grandmother890 utterly disgraces herself before the Merciful."
887. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 496; hardly any details are given Cf. 446 (under Umm
Kharijah).
888. Khayrah bt. Abi I;Iadrad, known as a pious and wise woman, a source of
traditions for several Successors. See Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 14 r, where she is depicted as
actively engaged in seeking knowledge. There is, however, a confusion between
two women of the same name. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 295; Abu Zur'ah, 378; In
Manur, Mukhtasar, VIII, 103.
889. Literally, "tears the veil separating God and herself."
890. Literally, "in the house of one of her mothers."
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206 Biographies
[2474]
[24751
[2476]
208 Biographies
the Day of Siffin `All's herald called out "Look for Uways alQarani among the dead." They looked and found him. [This is the
report] or some other version of the same meaning.
897. A Kufan jurist and a haft-7 (expert on tradition), a companion of All, of the
southern tribe Ju'fi. See al-Amin, XXXV, 419-2o; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat,
147; Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 315; al-Quhpa'i, in, 176; al-Sayrawan, 99-100.
898. Son of `Ali by a wife other than Fatimah, daughter of the Prophet. While he
stayed in the Hijaz a revolt was led on his behalf in al-Kufah by al-Mukhtar b. Abi
Ubayd, in the years 685-87. "Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya," EI2, VII, 402-3 (F.
Buhl); Sharon, Black Banners, 104-9, 112-19 and passim; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
103; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 53-54, (Mahmudi) 276-96.
899. That is, of the Banu Hanifah tribe, dwellers in al-Yamamah, in the central
eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula.
goo. Ibn Sa`d, V, 66.
901. There is nothing to support this claim in the version of the treaty recorded
by al-Tabari himself, where the Muslims received as booty "half the prisoners"
(obviously releasing the other half), regardless of their origin; see al-Tabari, Ta'rIkh, I, 1954. Needless to say, the woman's pedigree as recorded here does not
support this claim either.
2og
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210 Biographies
[2478]
211
914. Qur'an 39:42. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 372-73; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, III
(Mahmudi), 207.
[2479]
212
Biographies
213
[2481]
214 Biographies
According to Muhammad b. `Umar921-`Abd al-Hakim b. `Abdallah b. Abi Farwah: `Ali b. al-Husayn died in Medina and was
buried in al-BagI' in the year 94/October 7, 712-September 25,
713. This year is called "the Year of the jurists" because of the
great number of jurists who died then.
[2482]
According to Ibn Sa'd922-'Abd al-Rahman b. Yanus-SufyanJa`far b. Muhammad: `Ali b. al-Husayn died at the age of fiftyeight. This proves that `Ali b. Husayn was with his father923 at the
age of twenty-three or twenty-four and was not a small boy whose
pubic hair had not yet grown, as [some] say. It is because he was ill
that day that he did not fight. How could he have been [a boy]
whose pubic hair had not yet grown, when he had already fathered
Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. `Ali, and had met Jabir b. `Abdalhih and
transmitted [traditions] from him? [It should be noted that] Jabir
died in the year 78/March 30, 697-March r9, 698.
According to Ishaq b. Abi Isra'Il-Jabir-Shaybah b. Na`amah:
`Ali b. Husayn was considered miserly. When he died the fact
came to light that he had secretly supported ioo families in
Medina.
Among [those who died in the year 83/702-703 was], according
to `Amr b. `Ali, Abu `Uthman al-Nahdi.
215
[2483]
216
[2484]
Biographies
932. Grandson of the caliph Mu`awiyah and brother of Mu`awiyah H. When the
latter died Khalid was considered too young to rule, and Marwan b. al-Ilakam
headed the clan and ascended the throne; see "Khalid b. Yazid," EI2, IV, 929-30 (M.
Ullmann(.
933 That is, by falsely ascribing traditions to him.
934 The permissibility of writing down the Prophetic Tradition was debated
among Muslim scholars. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 181-88; Sprenger; and
cf. P. 256, below.
217
935 A Khariji sect that differed from the rest of the Khawarij in that they
rejected execution of the women and children of sinners; see al-Baghdadi, Farq, 54.
936. Ibn Sa'd, V, 216.
937. Ibid.
938. Ibid.
939. A Hijazi bedouin classical poet, whose poetry was mainly dedicated to his
love for `Azzah, on one hand, and to his Shi`i convictions, on the other; see
" Kuthayyir b. `Abd al-Rahman," EI2, V, 5 51-5 3 (I. `Abbas).
940. The only point of this sentence is the play on words contained in it. The
Arabic word for "met " also means "agreed," so that "met" and "were different" are
in fact antonyms (ijtima ` and ikhtilafj.
941. Nazrah . The reference is to the theological discussion of sin . The Khawarij
saw it as their duty to fight and kill sinners, whereas others held that judgment
should be postponed to judgment Day. The latter are better known as Murji 'ah. See
Madelung, "The Early Murji 'a"; Givon, "The Murji'a"; `Athaminah, "The Early
Murji 'a"; Cook, Early Dogma, 23-47; Lambton, 21-27, 32-35.
[2485]
218 Biographies
unbelief, whereas Kuthayyir was a ShI'I, who believed in the return [of the imam in hiding].942
According to Yahya b. `Uthman b. Salih al-Sahmi-[Yunus] Ibn
Bukayr-['Abd al-`Aziz b. Muhammad] al-Durawardi: `Ikrimah
and the poet Kuthayyir `Azzah died in Medina on the same day.
Their biers were carried only by blacks.
According to Abu Nu`aym al-Fall b. Dukayn: `Ikrimah died in
the year 107/May 19, 725-May 7, 726.
According to Yahya b. Main: `Ikrimah died in the year
ii/February 2I, 733-February 9, 734.
`Ikrimah used to travel much around the countries [of Islam].943
He went to al-Basrah, where the people learned [traditions] from
him, and to al-Kufah, where many people studied with him. He
went to the Yemen, where many wrote down [the traditions] he
dictated, and to the Maghrib, where some heard [traditions] from
him. He [also] went to the eastern [centers], where he dictated
[traditions].
According to Yahya b. `Uthman b. Salih-Nu`aym b. Hammad-`Abd al-Mu'min b. Khalid al-Hanafi: `Ikrimah came to us in
Khurasan, and I asked him "Why did you come to our country?"
He replied "I came to take from the dinars and dirhams of your
governors." But, according to Abu Tumaylah-'Abd al-'Aziz b.
Abi Rawwad: I said to `Ikrimah "You have left the two holy cities
[Mecca and Medina] to come to Khurasan?" He said "To earn a
living for my daughters." `Ikrimah, however, died in [Medina], the
city of the Prophet.
According to Ibrahim b. Khalid-Umayyah b. Shibl-Ma`marAyyub: `Ikrimah came to us, and people gathered around him
until he was forced to climb to the roof of a house.944
[2486] `Amir b. Sharahil b. `Abd al-Sha`bi.945
942. Rajah. On this creed, see Sachedina, 151, 166-73. I thank my colleague,
Dr. Meir Bar-Asher, for this reference.
943. Traveling around the centers of scholarship (al-rihlah fi talab al-'ilm) was
very common among medieval Muslim scholars; see Eickelman and Piscatori. The
purpose was usually to study with famous teachers, but here the emphasis is on
`Ikrimah's teaching, not learning.
944. In Sa'd, V, 213.
945. A famous Kufan jurist and traditionist. See Schacht, Origins, 230-31 and
219
220
Biographies
offspring dwelled and where Hassan was buried. He and his off[2487] spring were called after this mountain, and those [of them] who
lived in al-Kufah were called Sha`biyyun, among them `Amir alSha`bi. Those [of them] who lived in Syria were called Sha`baniyyun, whereas those who remained in the Yemen were called
Al Dhi Sha'bayn. [Still others] lived in Egypt and the Maghrib, and
they were called al-Ash`ub. These are all the offspring of Hassan b.
`Amr Dhu al-Sha'bayn.952
The clan of `Amir b. Sharahil b. `Abd al-Sha'bi was the Banu `Ali
b. Hassan b. `Amr. They had joined the Alhmur of the Hamdan in
the Yemen and were registered as part of them.953 The Ahmur954
included the Kharif, al-$d'idiyyun, Al Dhi Bariq, al-Sabi`, Al Dhi
Juddan, Al Dhi Radwan, Al Dhi La'wah, Al Dhi Marran, and the
bedouin of the Hamdan, that is, `Udhar, Yam, Nihm, Shakir, and
Arhab.
Many tribal groups of the Himyar joined the Hamdan, among
them the offspring of DhI Hawal, who had been the commander of
Tubba"s military vanguard.955 To this clan belongs Ya'fur b. alSabbah, the present lord of San`a"s provinces.956
Al-Sha`bI's kunyah was Abu `Amr; he was a thin, lean person.
He was skilled in Muslim law and knowledgeable [in general], a
transmitter of poetry, traditions, and accounts of battles.
Tawus b. Kaysan.957
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Ralhman.
952. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 433.
953. "Joined," dakhalu ft, is a term reflecting the fluctuating structure of the
Arab tribal system. Often a group left its own tribe and joined another. Only when
such groups retained their original genealogy and identity could this term be used.
See also note 444, above.
954. De Goeje has doubts about the vocalization of the name. According to
Hamdan, Iklil II (ed. Muhammad al-Akwa'), 247 (as quoted by al-Akwa', "Alaf`ul," 322) the name is Akhmur, and the confederation ceased to exist at some
point. This confederation is not recorded by Ibn al-Kalbi or by In Hazm and other
later genealogists, although they mention some of the constituent groups.
95 5. Tubba' was the name of the Himyaritic kings.
956. "Present" applies not to al-Tabari's time but to that of Ibn Sa`d (d. 23o/845);
see In Sa'd, VI, 172. The reference is to Ya`fur b. `Abd al-Rahman, founder of the
local Yemeni Ya`furid dynasty in the time of the caliph al-Mu`tasim (218-27/83342); see Kay, 141, 185, 223-26.
957. An early Qur'an reader and authority on exegesis. See al-Sayrawan, 104; Ibn
al-Jazari, 341; al-Razi, 318-59, 562, and passim; al-Amin, XXXVI, 325.
221
Tawus was skilled in Muslim law and knowledgeable [in general], pious, God fearing, and meritorious.
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala']-Yahya [b.
Said al-Qattan]-Zuhayr-Layth-Tawus: Seventy shaykhs from [2488]
the Prophet's Companions were still alive in my lifetime.958
According to Yahya b. Main-al-Mu`tamir b. Sulayman: My
father said "Why doesn't Khalid al-Hadhdha'959 do like Tawus?"
[I] asked "And what did Tawus do?" He said "He used to sit, and, if
someone brought him something, he would accept it; if not, he
would keep silent." Yahya said "I say Tawus was appointed over
the tithe, and so was Khalid al-Hadhdha'."
According to `Ali b. al-Madyani-Yahya b. Said-Sufyan b.
Said: Tawus was a ShrI.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Sayf b. Sulayman: Tawus
died in Mecca one day before the Tarwiyah.960 Hisham b. `Abd alMalik, then caliph, performed the pilgrimage that year, that is,
1o6/May 29, 724-May 18, 725, so he said the prayer over Tawas'
bier. He was seventy-odd years old when he died.
According to al-IIarith-Surayj b. Yunus-Yahya b. Sulayman:
It came to my knowledge that Tawus had said to Mujahid961 "If
your shortness had been applied to my tallness and my tallness to
your shortness, we would have made two middle-sized men."
According to Zayd b. Hubab-Ibrahim b. Nafi`: Tawus died in
the year 1o6/May 29, 724-May 18, 725.
222 Biographies
[2489]
964. Ibn Sa'd, VII/i, 114. Maysan is a town in southern Iraq taken by the Muslims during the conquests; see Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 213-r4.
965. Marasil, sing. mursal. Such a tradition was considered inferior to one with
a full chain of transmission.
966. Akhadhahd minhum wa-'anhum, literally, "that he received from them
and on their authority." As a rule, the earlier Muslim scholars preferred direct
personal contact between master and pupil and were suspicious of those who cited
written records; see Schoeler.
967. That is, he wrote it down from dictation, a procedure that made the use of
written records acceptable. The kitab of this period is not "a book" in the modern
sense of the word but any written record.
According to `Amr b. Ali-`Affan-Wuhayb-Ayyub: AlHasan did not learn traditions [directly] from Abu Hurayrah.
According to `Amr b. `Ali-Abu Qutaybah-Shu`bah: I asked
Yunus "Did al-Hasan hear [traditions] from Abu Hurayrah?" He
said "No, not one word."
According to Ibn Sa`d968-Yahya b. Said al-Qattan, concerning
the traditions of Samurah [b. Jundab] which al-Hasan transmitted:
They were taken from written records.
Some people impute to al-Hasan Qadari convictions, 969
whereas others deny this.
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-Jarir [b. `Abd al-Hamid]-Mughirah [b. Miqsam]: The most knowledgeable in matters of blood money, judiciary, and battles was [`Amir b. Sharahil]
al-Sha`bi. The best expert on prayer, legal alms, and lawful and
unlawful practices was Ibrahim al-Nakha`I.970 The best expert in
matters of rites was `Ata' b. Abi Rabalh. The most knowledgeable
in the field of Qur'an interpretation was Sa`Id b. Jubayr.971 The
best expert in matters of trade and money was Ibn Slrln. But alHasan al-Basri was the master of them all.
According to In Sa`d972-Musa b. Isma`Il-I Iammad b. Zayd`Amr b. Ubayd: We learned from al-Hasan only in times of
anger.973
According to `Ali b. Sahl-al-Walid [b. Muslim]-Khulayd:
Someone asked al-Hasan about a certain issue . Al-Hasan
discussed it, and the man said "0 Abu Said, the scholars disagree
with you." Al-Hasan said: "May your mother be bereft of you!
[Where] did you see a scholar? By God, the scholars of all the cities
are gone. The last of them to have died were Jabir b. `Abdallah in
Medina and `Abdallah b. `Umar, or `Amr, in Mecca. Al-Tabari re968. Ibn Sa`d, VII/ i, 115.
969. Belief in the freedom of the human will as opposed to belief in predestination. See "Kadariyya," EP, V, 370. (J. van Ess); Lambton, 33-36; Obermann; Alavi;
Cook, Early Muslim Dogma; Watt, Free Will; note 981, below.
970. A famous Kufan Successor . See Schacht, Origins, 233 - 37 and passim; alMizzi, Tahdlub, II, 233-40; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 163; al-Sayrawan, 49.
971. A famous Kufan Successor . See al -Mizzi, Tahdhib ; X, 358-76; al-Sayrawan,
95.
972. Ibn Sa`d, VII/1, 124.
973. The meaning of this is not clear tome. The parallel in Ibn Sa`d, VII / 1, 124, is
identical; the dictionaries, and GLOSSARIuM provide no clue.
[2490]
224 Biographies
[2491]
marks: The doubt is mine. In my notes I have Ibn `Umar. [The last
scholar to have died] in al-Basrah was Anas b. Malik, in al-Kufah
`Abdallah b. Abi Awfa, and in Damascus Abu Umamah [al-Bahill,
Sudayy b. `Ajlan]."
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini]-Abu Islhaq-alHasan: I went to see al-Hajjaj, and he said: "0 Hasan, what makes
you so impertinent to me? In addition [to everything else] you sit
in our mosque to give legal opinions!" I said "The covenant by
which God pledged mankind." Al-Hajjaj then said "And what do
you think about Abu Turab?" meaning `Ali b. Abi Talib. I said
"What can I say, except what God says?" He retorted "And what
does God say?" I answered: "'We appointed the qiblah, which
thou hast been observing, only that We might know those who
would follow the messenger from those who would turn on their
heels, though it was a big thing except to those whom Allah
guided'974 and `Ali was one of those directed by God to the right
way." Al-Hajjaj raged and bent down, striking the ground. I went
out, and no one stood in my way. Then I went into hiding until he
died.
Al-Hasan was in hiding nine years.
According to al-I;Iarith-Da'ud b. al-Muhabbar-al-Rabi' b.
Subayh-al-Hasan: The [interdiction] of slander does not apply in
cases of transgressors openly declaring their transgression or people following devious doctrines975 or unjust rulers.
According to al-Harith-al-`Abbas b. al-Fall al-`Abdi-[Sufyan]
Ibn `Uyaynah-Abu Musa: When al-Hasan left al-Hajjaj he said: "I
come from a little squinting man, a short [person] wagging the few
hairs he has and pointing at me with short fingers that rarely knew
[the touch of ] reins [of the horses led to] holy war. By God, even
though they ride non-Arabian horses976 and climb the pulpits, the
dishonor of sin is pendant from their necks. God refuses to do
anything but disgrace those who disobey Him; He will not cease
974. Qur'an 2:138; trans. Bell, I, 20.
975. Ahl al-ahwd' wa-l-bida` "the people of passions/[evil] inclinations and innovations" is the name commonly used by Orthodox Islam to depict the sects.
976. Baradhin, sing. birdhawn. According to Lane, these are horses of mean
breed. Notwithstanding, they appear to have been a status symbol. Among other
things, they are counted among the luxuries `Umar refused to use; see Ibn al-Jawzi,
Ta'rikh, 110.
225
to teach them lessons [by afflicting ] their persons and to use them
as examples for the believers. 0 God, kill him as he killed Your
sunnah. "977
According to al-Harith-Khalid b. Khidash-`Umarah b.
Zadhan al -Saydalani : I saw al-Hasan wearing an `Adam garment,
streaky and marked with crosses , with an Egyptian shirt from
Shatah and sandals like those used by people belonging to the
futuwwah orders.978
According to al-Harith-`Ali b. Muhammad-`Abdallah b.
Muslim: Some sweetmeat was brought to al-Hasan , and he said to
his son Said " Come, my son, eat from it ." Said said "I am afraid of
the consequences," whereupon al-Hasan replied " 0 my son, [this
is] the best wheat [mixed] with bees' honey and pure butter; no bad
consequence can ever result from this ," or [perhaps] he said "no
evil can ever result from this."
According to Yiinus-Musa -Sahl b. Husayn b. Muslim alBahili: I sent [a message ] to `Abdallah b. al-Hasan b. Abi al -Hasan,
saying: " Send me the writings of your father." He sent me [a reply]
saying: "When al-Hasan had fallen ill he told me ' Collect [my
writings] for me .' I did this, not knowing what he would do with
them, and brought them to him. He then told the maid to kindle
the oven and ordered [the writings ] to be burned, except one notebook ." [`Abdallah b. al-Hasan] sent me that [notebook].979 I later
met him, and he told me personally the same [story ] the messenger had conveyed to me on his behalf.
According to `Ali b. Sahl-Damrah b. Rabi'ah-Ibn Shawdhab:
Al-Hasan died in the year i io/April 16, 728-April 4, 729, whereas
Ibn Shin died a hundred days later.
977. On the " killing" of the Sunna, i.e., the customs and practices of the Prophet, see Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 31-37.
978. Cf. Ibn Sa'd, VII/r, 126. Hadhw a]-fityan could also mean "sandals like
those used by young people." For the orders, widespread in medieval Muslim urban
communities, see "Futuwwah ," EI2, II, 961-65 ( C. Cahen).
979. "Notebook " is my rendering of salufah, whereas "writings" is my translation of kutub (sing. kitab), normally rendered as "books"; see note 965, above. This
passage, like many others describing the burning or effacing of early writings, is
pertinent to the discussion about the existence of early writings ; see LandauTasseron, "Reconstruction" and the bibliography there; and on sahifah , Goldziher,
Muslim Studies, II, 22-24; Abroad, 256-69,318-26; "Sahifa," E12, VIII, 834-35 (A.
Ghedira).
[2492]
226
[2493]
Biographies
227
987. A descendant of Wahb and transmitter of his material; see Khoury, Wahb, I,
184-88, 291 -92 and passim.
[2494]
Biographies
228
[2495]
230
Biographies
Said-Mufaddal b. `Abdallah-Aban b. Taghlib-Abu Ja'far [Muhammad b. `Ali]: Jabir b. `Abdallah came to me at school and told
me "Uncover your belly." I uncovered my belly, and he kissed it,
saying "The Prophet told me to convey his greetings to you."
Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah.1000
Opinions about his kunyah differ. Some say it is Abu Muhammad. However, according to Ibn Sa`d'001-al-Fadl b. DukaynAbu Isra'il: Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah's kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
There is also disagreement over [the tribe] to which he was
affiliated [as client]. According to Ibn Sa'd he was a client of the
Kindah. `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini] said: Al-Hakam b.
998. Sadagat al-nabi. The status of the property left behind by the Prophet was
disputed. Whereas his family demanded that it should be considered as inheritance, the rulers insisted that prophets do not leave inheritance and that their
property should become waqf or sadagah to be used for charitable purposes. The
discussion had political implications for authority after the Prophet's death; see
Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, roe.
999 Hadhihi tuwafff if thamaniyan (sic) wa-khamsin wa-mata laha. The text
(also Dar al-Fikr, 648, Cairo, 641) is obviously garbled, as are the variants in Ibn
Sa'd, V, 238, and Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, IX, 312. In the latter this confusion led to a
further misunderstanding. Perhaps the text should read wa-ma talaha "and what
follows," in the sense of "and more." Such a copyist's error is possible if the alif
was at some point written above, rather than after, the lam (as in the word hadha).
iooo. Not to be confused with the judge al-Hakam b. Uyaynah. See Ibn Hajar,
Tahdhib, II, 372; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 162.
1001. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 231.
231
`Utaybah was a Kind!, but some say he was an Asadi, that is, a
client of that tribe.
Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah was erudite [especially in] religious law
and transmitted many traditions.
According to `Abd al-Rahman b. Salih-Nuh b. Darraj-Ibn Ab!
Layla: I was visiting al-Hakam when Da'ud al-Awd! came to him
and said "People allege that you denigrate Abu Bakr and `Umar."
He retorted "I do not, but I contend that `Al! is better than they
are. "1002
According to Abu al-Sa'ib-[`Abd al-Mun`im] Ibn IdrlsShu`bah [b. al-Hajjaj]: Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah died in the year
rr5/February 21, 733-February 9, 734.
[Muhammad b. Ka`b] was knowledgeable, virtuous, and acceptable. He transmitted many [traditions].
Qatadah b. Di`amah al-Sadusl.1005
root. The evaluation of the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and `Umar, versus the
fourth caliph, the Prophet's cousin All b. Abi Talib, played a crucial role in the
debate between Sunnis and Shi 'is around the legitimacy of rulers in Islam. Cf. alTabari, Sarih al-sunnah, 23-24; al-Lalika'i, VII, 1363-72; al-Ash`ari, Magalat, 7475; al-Khallal, al-Sunnah, 371-410.
1003. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 118.
1004. A convert of a Medinan Jewish tribe annihilated by the Prophet, the Bann
Qurayzah. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363; idem, Tabaqat, 264; Ibn Hibban,
Mashdhir, 107; F . Sezgin, I, 32.
1005. A Basran of the Sadus , a branch of the Shayban tribe; see Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 317 - 18. He was considered an expert on religious law and the Qur'an.
See "Katida b. Di`ama," E12, IV, 748 (C. Pellat); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363;
idem, Tabagat, 213; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 154; al-Sayrawan, 266; Ibn al-Jazari, II,
25.
[2497]
232 Biographies
His kunyah was Abu al-Khattab. He was blind.
Qatadah was a hafiz1oo6 and a clever person.
According to Ibn Main: Qatadah died in the year 1 r 7/January
31, 735-February 19, 736.
233
1011. The reference is to the arbitration following the battle of Siffin between
`All and Mu`awiyah, in the year 36/657.
1012. The fifth imam according to the Zaydi ShI'ah and the eponym of the sect.
See van Arendonck, 28-33 and passim; jafri, 247-48 251-54; Tabataba'i, 76-77;
al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, ]1, 1668-88, 1698-1715; In Hibban, Mashahir, 104-5; alAmin, XXXIII, 37-132; Hasan.
234 Biographies
[2499]
Yusuf sent troops to fight Zayd b. `Ali, and those who had rebelled
in support of Zayd deserted him during the fighting. Zayd was
killed and crucified.
Salim reported: I later told Hisham about Zayd's statement the
day he had come out of his presence, and Hisham said: "May your
mother be bereft of you! Why didn't you tell me this before? A
mere 500,000 dirhams would have satisfied him, and this would
have been easier for us than what became of him."116
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]: When the
`Abbasids came to power `Abdallah b. `Ali b. `Abdallah b. 'Abbas1017 resolved upon [doing something about] Hisham b. `Abd
al-Malik. He gave the order, and Hisham was dug out of his grave.
`Abdallah had him crucified and said "This is [done] in retaliation
for what he did to Zayd b. `Ali."1018
Zayd was killed on Monday, 2 Safar i2o/January 29, 738 or
122/740, at the age of forty-two, as was reported. He had lived in
Medina and was killed in al-Kufah.
Salamah b. Kuhayl al-Hadrami.1019
Salamah was an inhabitant of al-Kufah, where he died on the
last day of the year 121/December 6, 739. Some say that he died in
the year 122, when `Ali b. Zayd was killed.1020
Muhammad b. Muslim b. `Ubaydallah b. `Abdallah al-Asghar b.
Shihab b. `Abdallah b. al-Harith b. Zuhrah b. Kilab b. Murrah.1021
1o16. The report has an obvious anti-Zaydi bias. Zayd, who was out to fight the
oppressors (i.e., the Umayyads) and retrieve the rights of the family of the Prophet,
is here portrayed as a wordly, venal figure.
1017. Uncle of the first and second `Abbasid caliphs and commander of the
`Abbasid army. He rose in rebellion against his nephew al-Mansur, claiming the
caliphate for himself, but was defeated; see Sharon, Revolt, 235-38, 280, 287-88.
1018. On the `Abbasids as patrons of the 'Alids, see Sharon, Revolt, 135-37 and
passim; note I 13, above.
1019. Of the southerngroup, the Hadramawt. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
163; In Hibban, Mashahzr, 77.
Io2o. Ibn Sa'd, VI, 221.
1021. Known as Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 124/742), an early Medinan scholar
and transmitter of prophetic tradition and historical reports, mainly about the
Prophet. See Horovitz, 1928, 33-50; Duri, "al-Zuhri"; idem, Rise of Historical
Writing, 95-121; Abdur Rahman; al-Dari; Lecker, "Biographical Notes"; Mustafa,
I, 157-58.
235
Muhammad b. Muslim al-Zuhri was an expert on the campaigns (maghazi) of the Prophet and the history of the Quraysh
and the Ansar. He was a transmitter (rawiyah) of traditions from
the Prophet and his Companions. 1022
Muhammad b. `Ali b. `Abdallah b. al-`Abbas b. `Abd alMuttalib.1o23
His mother was al-'Aliyah bt. 'Ubaydallah b. al-`Abbas b. `Abd
al-Muttalib.
The offspring of Muhammad b. `Ali are the following: `Abdallah
al-Asghar, that is, Abu al-`Abbas, the [first] `Abbasid caliph;io2a
Da'ud b. Muhammad; Ubaydallah; and Raytah, who died without
having been married.1025 Their mother was Raytah bt.
`Ubaydallah b. `Abdallah b. `Abd al-Madan b. al-Dayyan, of the [2500]
Banu al-Harith b. Ka`b.1026
[Muhammad b. `All's children from other women are] (r) `Abdallah al-Akbar, that is, Abu Ja`far al-Mansur, who ascended the
caliphate after his brother Abu al-'Abbas1027 and whose mother
was a concubine; (2) Ibrahim b. Muhammad, that is, al-Imam,
whom the members of the `Abbasid movement used to frequent
and whose instructions they used to follow,1028 his mother was a
concubine; (3) Yahya b. Muhammad and (4) al-'Aliyah bt. Muhammad, whose mother was Umm al-Hakam bt. `Abdallah b. alHarith b. Nawfal b. al-Harith b. `Abd al-Muttalib; (5) Musa b.
1022. Or, "A transmitter of accounts of the life of the Prophet and his
Companions."
1023. The initiator of the `Abbasid movement and founder of the dynasty. See
Sharon, Black Banners, 123-28, 134 and passim; Ibn Qudamah, 16o-61; alBaladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 71-72, 8o-87; Ibn Hibbiin, Mashahir, 207; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rzkh, 372; idem, Tabagat, 312.
11024. Named al-Saffah, reigned between 132-36/749-54. See "Abu al-`Abbas,"
EP, I, 103 (S. M. Moscati); Kennedy, 128.
1025. See GLOSSARIUM, S.V. b-r-z.
1026. A large confederation of Yemeni tribes, prominent in the `Abbasid revolution in al-Kufah; see Sharon, Black Banners, 142-43.
1027. Considered the real founder of the `Abbasid state, reigned 36-58/754-75 ;
see "Al-Mansur," EP, VI, 427-28 (H. Kennedy).
1028. See Sharon, Black Banners, 86, 174, and passim; idem, Revolt, 52, 140,
225, and passim.
236 Biographies
Muhammad, whose mother was a concubine; (6) al-`Abbas b.
Muhammad, whose mother was a concubine; (7) Ismail; (8) Ya`qub, that is, Abu al-Asbat; and (9) Lubabah bt. Muhammad, who
was married to Ja`far b. Sulayman b. `Ali and died without children. All these were born to various mothers.
According to al-`Abbas b. Muhammad: Muhammad b. `Ali b.
[`Abdallaha b.] al-`Abbas died in al-Shardtl029 in Syria in the year
125/November 4, 742-October 24, 743, during the caliphate of alWalid b. Yazid b. `Abd al-Malik b. Marwan,1030 at the age of sixty.
Abu Hashim `Abdallah b. Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyyah had
chosen Muhammad b. `Ali as his heir and handed his books over to
him, so that Muhammad b. `Ali was Abu Hashim's heir (wasiyy).
Abu Hashim said to him: "This matter [of the caliphate] will
remain among your descendants only." Consequently, the ShI'ah
who used to frequent Abu Hashim and attend his presence transferred [their allegiance] to Muhammad b. `Ali.1031
Thabit al-Bunani b. Aslam.1032
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad, and he belonged to the Sa'd b.
Lu'ayy b. Ghalib. According to Hisham [Ibn al-Kalbi]-his father:
Bunanah was the clan's ancestress. 1033
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini]: Thabit al-Bunani
died in the year 127/October 13, 744-October 2, 745. He had lived
in al-Basrah, where he [also] died. He was reliable (thiqah) and
transmitted many traditions.
1029. The mountainous area south of the Dead Sea, where the `Abbasid family
settled toward the end of the eighth century. From their dwelling place in the
village of Humaymah they conducted the `Abbasid movement; see Sharon, Black
Banners, 12o.
1030. The eleventh Umayyad caliph, 125-26/743-44; see Hawting, First
Dynasty, 90-94.
1031. Abu Hashim was the leader of the Hashimiyyah movement after the
death of his father Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyyah. This account served as the basis
of the `Abbasid claim to rule, see Sharon, Black Banners, 82-98, 121-40. The
books mentioned here apparently symbolize the knowledge that, according to the
Shi'ah, `Ali inherited from the Prophet and that now lawfully passes into the hands
of the `Abbasids. Alternatively the word could be read kitab (assuming a pendant
alif above the ta'(, referring to Abu Hashim' s testament.
1032. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 214; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 45. He was
considered an expert on tradition (hafiz(; see al-Sayrawan, 69.
1033. Sad b. Lu'ayy was a clan attributed, though hesitantly, to the Quraysh.
See In I;Iazm, famharat, 172-73; Ibn Qudamah, 492.
237
`Abdallah b. Dinar.1034
He was a client of `Abdallah b. `Umar b. al-Khattab.
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Ralhman. He died in the year 127. [2501]
He had lived in Medina, where he [also] died. He transmitted
many traditions and was reliable (thiqah).
Wahb b. Kaysan.1035
His kunyah was Abu Nu`aym. He was a client of `Abdallah b. alZubayr b. al-`Awwam. He died in the year 127.
Bukayr b. `Abdallah b. al-Ashajj.1036
He was a client of al-Miswar b. Makhramah al-Zuhri.1037 His
kunyah was Abu `Abdallah. He died in the year 127 in Medina.
Malik b. Dinar.1038
His kunyah was Abu Yahya. He was a client of a woman of the
Banu Samah b. Lu'ayy.1039
According to Ibn `A'ishah: Malik b. Dinar's origins were in Kabul.1040 He was a pious man, an expert on the prophetic tradition
(l.iafiz), and a Qur'an reader. He used to make Qur'an copies [for a
living].
Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju`fi.1041
He had Shi i inclinations. He lived in al-Kufah, where he died in
the year 128/October 3, 745-September 21, 746.1042
1034. Considered a haft (an expert on the prophetic tradition). See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 263; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 129; al-Sayrawan, 116.
1035. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 398; idem, Tabagat, 260; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 130.
1036. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 369, 403; idem, Tabagat, 263; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahfr, 299.
1037. Perhaps he was rather a client of the family, not of al-Miswar himself,
who died in 64/683.
1038. "Malik b. Dinar," EI2, VI, 266-67 (C. Pellat); Khalifah b. Khayydt, Ta'rfkh,
418; idem, Tabaqat, 216; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 147; Ibn al-Jazari, II, 36.
1039. A clan said to be of Qurashi origin; see In Hazm, Jamharat, 172-74.
1040. The region in eastern Afghanistan. Malik's father came from there as a
prisoner; see Ibn I;lajar, Tahdhib, X, 13.
1041. The tribe Ju`fiyy belonged to the southern confederation Sad al-'Ashirah;
see In Hazm, Jamharat, 409. Jabir was a traditionist accused by Shi`is and Sunnis
alike of telling lies. See Ibn Hazm, 410; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'ril h, 398; idem,
Tabagat, 163; al-Quhpa'i, II, 7-11; al-Kashshi, 169-74.
1042. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 240.
238 Biographies
According to Said b. `Uthman al-Tanukhi-Ibrahim b. Mahdi
al-Massisi-Ismail b. `Ulayyah-Shu`bah: Jabir and Muhammad
b. Ishaq were most reliable (gaduq).1043
According to `Abd al-Rahman b. Bishr al-Naysaburi-Sufyan b.
`Uyaynah: Jabir al-Ju`fi believed in the Return [of the hidden
Imam] (raj`ah).
According to Yahya b. Main: Jabir al-Ju`fi died in the year
132/August 20, 749-August 8, 750.
According to al-`Abbas al-Duri-Abu Yahya al-Himmani `Abd
al-Hamid b. Bashmirl044-Abu Hanifah al-Nu`man b. Thabit: I
never saw a greater liar than Jabir al-Ju`fi.
According to al-`Abbas-Yahya b. Yala al-Muharibi-Za'idah:
Jabir al-Ju`fi was a liar who believed in the Return.
[2502] `Asim b. Abi al-Najud al-Asadi, that is, `Asim b. Bahdalah.1045
He was a client of the Banu Jadhimah b. Malik b. Nasr b. Qu'ayn
b. Asad.1046
According to Abu Nu'aym al-Fall b. Dukayn-Abu al-Ahwas:
his kunyah was Abu Bakr.1047
`Asim was the Qur'an teacher of al-Kufah after Yahya b.
Waththab.
He was a reliable [transmitter] (thiqah), but he erred a lot.1048
He lived in al-Kufah where he died in the year 128/October 3,
745-September 21, 746.
239
His name was `Amr b. `Abdallah b. `Ali b. Ahmad b. DhI Yahmad b. al-Sabi` b. Sabu` b. Sa'b b. Mu`awiyah b. Kathir b. Malik b.
Jusham b. Hashid b. Jusham b. Khaywan b. Nawf b. Hamdan.1050
According to al-Aswad b. `Amir-Sharik: Abu Ishaq al-SabI'I
was born during the caliphate of Uthman. Shank may have said:
Three years before its end. Abu Ishaq transmitted many traditions
and was most reliable (saduq[. He was [also] a Qur'an reader.
According to Abu Nu'aym: Abu Ishaq reached the age of ninetyeight or ninety-nine and died in the year 128.
Abu Ishaq al-Shaybani,1051
His name was Sulayman b. Abi Sulayman, a client of the Banu
Shayban.
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]:1052 He lived in
al-Kufah, where he died in the year 129/September 22, 746September 10, 747.
[2503]
240 Biographies
According to `Ali b. al-Madyani-Yahya b. Said [al-Qattan]Shu`bah [b. al-Hajjaj]: The traditions [transmitted by] Yahya b. Abi
Kathir are better than those [transmitted by Ibn Shihab] al-Zuhri.
According to `Abd al-Razzaq-Ma`mar [b. Rashid]: Yahhya b. Abi
Kathir was requested to swear allegiance to the Umayyad caliph
[of the time], but he refused, whereupon he was whipped and
treated like Said b. al-Musayyab.
Yahhya b. Abi Kathir made extensive use of tadlis.1056
It was reported that Yahya b. AbI Kathir died in the year
129/September 22, 746-September 10, 747. He had lived in alYamamah, where he [also] died.
Muhammad b. al-Munkadir b. `Abdallah b. al-Hudayr b. `Abd
al-`Uzza b. Amin b. I larithah b. Sad b. Taym b. Murrah.1057
His mother was a concubine, and his kunyah was Abu
`Abdallah.
Muhammad b. al-Munkadir fathered Umar, `Abd al-Malik, alMunkadir, `Abdallah, Yusuf, Ibrahim, and Da'ud, whose mother
was a concubine.
Some trace Muhammad's genealogy as follows: Muhammad b.
al-Munkadir b. `Abdallah b. al-Hudayr b. Muhriz b. `Abd al-`Uzza.
It was reported that Muhammad b. al-Munkadir died in Medina,
where he had lived, in the year 130/September I I, 747-August 30,
748 or 131/August 31, 748-August 19, 749.
Abu al-Huwayrith.1058
His name was `Abd al-Rahman b. Mu`awiyah. [Sufyan] Ibn
`Uyaynah transmitted [traditions] from him.
According to Yahya: He was a Medinan and a reliable transmitter (thiqah).
According to Muhammad b. Bakkar-Abu Ma'shar [Najih b.
`Abd al-Rahman]-Abu al-Huwayrith `Abd al-Rahman b. Mu`awi1056. A term referring to various kinds of tampering with the chains of transmission (isnad) of traditions, e.g., hiding the name of one's source, citing someone
without having directly heard him, or changing the name of a source in the chain;
see al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, 103-12.
1057. Of the Qurashi clan the Banu Taym, known for both piety and generosity.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rfkh, 418; idem, Tabagat, 268; Ibn Hibban, Mashahsr,
107; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 161-62.
1058. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 422; al-Dulabi, I, 16o-61.
Yazid b. Ruman.1060
He was a client of al-Zubayr b. al-`Awwam's family.
Yazid was knowledgeable on the campaigns (maghazi) of the
Prophet and a reliable transmitter (thiqah). He was an inhabitant
of Medina, where he died in the year 130.
Shu'ayb b. al-Habhab.1061
He was an inhabitant of al-Basrah, where he died in the year 130.
His kunyah was Abu Salilh. He was one of the clients of the Banu
Rafid, a clan of the Ma`awil who belonged to the Azd [confederation].1062
Mansur b. Zadhan.1063
He lived in al-Mubarak, [a place] situated nine farsakhslo64
away from Wasit.
Mansur used to read fast and could not slow down, [even when]
he wanted to do so.
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]: Mansur b.
Zadhan died in the year 129/September 22, 746-September io,
747, [but] according to Yahya b. Main it was in the year
127/October 13, 744-October 2, 745.
1059. In Muslim tradition Moses is said to have been the only prophet to whom
God spoke directly, because of which he was nicknamed kalim allah " the one
spoken to by God." See "Musa ," E12, VII, 638-40 (D . B. MacDonald).
1060. A traditionist and Qur'an reader. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 418;
idem, Tabagat, 260; In Hibban, Mashahir, 216; In al-Jazari, II, 381.
1061. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 418; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 156.
1062. Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 18, has Zafir instead of Rafid . See al-Sam'ani, V, 335, for
the Ma`awil.
1063. A client of a Thagafi, known for his piety and asceticism, reportedly
mourned not only by Muslims but also by Jews, Christians , and Magians. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 217; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 279; Abu Nu`aym, III,
57-62.
1064 . That is, about twenty -seven miles.
[2504]
242
[2505 ]
Biographies
ro65. A Kufan jurist, ascetic, and Qur'an reader of the northern tribe Sulaym.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 429 ; idem, Tabagat, 164; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
263; Ibn al-Jazari, II, 314 - 15. For the tribe, see Lecker, Banu Sulaym.
1o66. Ibn Sa'd, VI, 235.
i 067. Or, "I almost met God with prophetic acts [to my credit]." The question of
meeting God or seeing Him in the hereafter was debated by Muslim theologians;
see, e.g., al-Lalika 'i, III, 454-523.
1o68. A general and governor under the Marwanids ; see Crone, Slaves, 107.
1069. Pious men are often reported to have refused official nominations because
of the iniquity associated with government. See note 323, above. According to
another version, however, Mansur accepted the appointment but was soon
dismissed; see Waki `, III, 145-48.
1073. `Azza al-Ihadith an yugcia bihi? Alternatively, "Is Tradition too exalted to
pass judgment according to it?"
1074. See also Waki`, I, 176. This tradition supports Schacht's view that in the
early period it was not prophetic tradition but rather agreed practice ( the "living
244
Biographies
1080. The Mu` tazilah was a theological movement founded in al-Basrah in the
second/eighth century; see "Mu`tazila," E12, VII, 783 - 93 (D. Gimaret).
1o81. That is, the jurist in charge of giving opinions in legal issues addressed to
him; see "Fatwa," EI2, II, 866 (E. Tyan).
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad. He was a pious man, dignified, eloquent, and articulate, a man of distinction . The Urnayyad caliphs honored him and acknowledged his eminence.
When the `Abbasids came to power he went to see Abu al -`Abbas [2507]
[al-Saffah] in al-Anbar.1085
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi] -Hafs b . `Umar:
`Abdallah b. Hasan came to Abu al-`Abbas in al-Anbar. Abu al-`Abbas honored him, presented him [with gifts ], and treated him as
his companion . [The caliph] behaved toward `Abdallah as he never
did toward anyone else . He used to spend nights in pleasant conversation with him . Once the caliph spent [the night] in conversation with `Abdallah until the middle of the night . Abu al-`Abbas
then ordered a basket full of pearls to be brought before him,
opened it, and said "0 Abu Muhammad , these, by God, are the
pearls that had been the property of the Umayyads and came to my
possession." Abu al-`Abbas shared the pearls with `Abdallah, giving him half of them . The other half he sent to his wife Umm
Salamah with the message "I commit these to you as a trust."
1082 . The nickname refers to his use of reasoning as a source of religious law;
see p . ooo, below. Rabl'ah was a Medinan haft; and jurist, one of the teachers of
Malik b . Anas, founder of the Maliki school of law . See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 441 ; idem, Tabagat, 268; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashdhir, 131-32; Ibn Qutaybah,
217; al-Sayrawan, 89; Ibn I;lajar, Tahdhib, III, 223-24.
1083. That is, the first `Abbasid caliph, al-Saffah ( 132-36 /749-54).
1084 . An eminent member of the 'Alid family in Medina , father of Muhammad
al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah and his brother Ibrahim, who led a Shi `i revolt against the
caliph al-Mansur in Medina and al-Kufah in the years 144-45/ 761-62. See van
Arendonck, 46-50; Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 448; idem, Tabagat, 258; Ibn
Ilibban, Mashahir, 205; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb III (Malunudi [, 81-91, III (Duri), 90,
150, 165-66 , 234-35.
1085. A city in Iraq on the Euphrates, about 6o km. west of Baghdad; see "alAnbar," E12, I, 484-85 (M. Streck [A. A. Duri]j.
246 Biographies
Then they talked again for an hour [until] Abu al-`Abbas dozed off
and then his head bobbed, whereupon `Abdallah recited the following verses:1086
1090 . Among Sunni Muslims it is commonly agreed that anyone praying toward
the qiblah and formally professing Islam cannot be considered an infidel, be his
opinions and conduct as they may; see Lewis, chap . 16. Not all the sects share this
attitude. The Rafidah is a term reflecting schisms within the ShI'ah ; it refers either
to the early Shi`ah, the Twelver Shi`ah, or to various other Shi `i sects. See "alRafida,"EI2, VIII, 386-89, (E . Kohlberg).
1091. One of the earliest Kufan historians, genealogists , and Qur'an interpreters, known as "al-Kalb! " (of the southern Kalb confederation) ; he was a Shi'i. See
Conrad, " al-Kalb!"; Duri, Rise of Historical Writing, 51 , 146; F. Sezgin, I, 34;
Mustafa, 190; al-Sayrawan, 276.
1092. Brother of the rival caliph `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr and governor of al-Kufah
on his behalf in the years 64 -71/683-91.
1093. Ibn Sa 'd, VI, 249-50; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 731. The author of the verses is
either 'Abdallah b . Warga' b. `A
-zib, or Warga ' himself, a Kufan who served as
commander in the Umayyad shurtah (quasi police force); see al -Tabari, II, 644,
645-46, 648.
[2509]
248
Biographies
Muhammad b. al-Sa'ib participated in the battle of [Dayr] alJamajim, [fighting] on the side of `Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad
b. al-Ash`ath.1094
Muhammad b. al-Sa'ib was knowledgeable about Qur'an exegesis, genealogy, and Arabian tales. He died in al-Kufah, where he
had lived, in the year 146/March 21, 763-March 9, 764, during the
caliphate of Abu Ja`far [al-Mansur]. All this was reported by Ibn
Sad on the authority of Hisham b. Muhammad b. al-Sa'ib, who
had informed him of all this.1095
Sulayman b. Mihran al-A`mash.1096
He was a client of the Banu Kahil, of [the tribe of ] Asad. His
kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
Al-A`mash lived among the Banu `Awf of the Banu Sa d and used
to pray at the mosque of the Banu I;Iaram of the Banu Sa `d.1097
Mihran, father of al-A`mash, originated in Tabaristan. AlA`mash [himself] lived in al-Kufah, where he died in the year
148/February 27, 765-February 15, 766 at the age of eighty-two.
He had been born on the day of `Ashura` in Muharram 6o/October
681, the day when al-Husayn b. `Ali was killed.1098
Ja`far b. Muhammad b. `Ali b. Husayn b. `Ali b. AbI Talib.1099
His mother was Umm Farwah bt. al-Qasim b. Muhammad b.
AbI Bakr al-Siddiq.
Ja`far b. Muhammad's children were the following: Ismail alA`raj;1100 `Abdallah and Umm Farwah, whose mother was
Fatimah bt. al-Husayn al-Athram b. Hasan b. `Ali b. AbI Talib;
1094. On the battle of Dayr al- Jamajim between al-I;Iajjaj and the rebel Ibn alAsh`ath, see "Dayr al-Djamadjim," EI2, II, 196-97 (Salih A. el-`Ali]; al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, II, 1070-77.
1095. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 249-50.
1096. A Kufan traditionist, a hafiz and Qur'an reader. See "al-A`mash," EI2, I,
431 (C. Brockelmann (C. Pellat]j; Khalifahb. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 452; idem, Tabaqat,
164; Ibn Hibban, Mashahzr, 179; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 315-16; al -Sayrawan, 99.
1097. That is, Sad b. Zayd Manah, an important lineage of the confederation of
Tamim; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 215.
1098. That is, the massacre of Karbala'.
1099. The sixth imam according to the Ismaili and Twelver Shi`ah. See "Dja`far
al-Sadik," EI2, II, 374-75 (M. G. S. Hodgson); Tabataba'i, 203-5; Jafri, 259-6o and
passim.
1100. The seventh and last imam according to the Ismaili Shi'ah and the eponymous founder of the sect. See Daftary, 97-99; al-Amin, XII, 299-304.
iioi. Musa al-Kazim , the seventh imam according to the Twelver Shi'ah; see
"Musa al-Kazim," E12, VII, 645-48 (E. Kohlberg).
i 102. One of the most famous `Abbasid caliphs. He ruled between 170-93/786809, and his reign is considered the golden era of the caliphate; see Kennedy, 14148.
1103. Al-Sindi b. Shahak, a client of the caliph al-Mansur, who served the
`Abbasids in several offices. Among other things he was in charge of the guard and
prison in Baghdad. See al-Sam`ani, III , 320; al-Safadi, XV, 487-88; Ibn Manzur,
Mukhtasar, X, 210.
1'04. That is, the nephew of the first and second `Abbasid caliphs. This marriage between the daughter of the sixth Shi`i imam and a member of the `Abbasid
family points to an attempt at reconciling the Shi`is with the new regime.
iio5. A highly regarded Basran traditionist and expert on rijal, i.e., the biographies and evaluation of transmitters of tradition. He died in 198/ 812; see Ibn Hajar,
Tahdhib, XI, 190-93.
[2510]
250 Biographies
Those Who Died in the Year 15o
(February 6, 767-January 25, 768)
Abu Hanifah al-Nu`man b. Thabit.1106
He was a client of Taym Allah b. Tha'labah of the Bakr b. Wa'il.
According to Abu Hisham al-Rifa'i-his paternal uncle Kathir
b. Muhammad: I heard a man of the Banu Qafal, of the noblest of
the Banu Taym Allah, say to Abu Hanifah "What are you but a
client of mine?" whereupon [Abu Hanifah] retorted "I bring you
more honor than you do me."
i Io6. A theologian and the eponymous founder of one of the law schools, the
Hanafiyyah. See "Abu I;Ianifa," E12, I, 123-24 (J. Schacht); Ibn `Abd al-Barr, alIntiga', 122-75; al-Suyuti, Tabyicl a1-sahifah; al-Sayrawan, 82; Abu Zahrah; alDhahabi, Manaqib al-Imam Abi Hanifah.
1107. Or al-Radhani, al-Walid b. Kathir, a traditonist who transmitted from
Rabi`ah al-Ra 'y among others . See al-Sam`ani, III, 2 1, 31; Ibn al-Athir, Lubab, II, 1o;
Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, XI, 130; al-Dhahabi, Mushtabih, 208, 21o; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib,
XXXI, 71-73. He is recorded, usually very briefly, in many other biographical
sources. He would have been of no special interest, had my assistant, Tariq Abu
Rajab, not unearthed the following unique information: The man was "a poet, a
learned man, and practiced kalam (i.e. theological discussions ) in the time of alTabari. He had some original views"; see Ibn I;Iajar , Nuzhat, 178 (note that the text
is garbled but the meaning clear ). This is the only biographical source to mention
one of the verses recorded here by al-Tabari.
1108. On the schools of law and their rivalry, see Schacht, Origins.
I1o9. This nickname is problematic . It is the name of a small bird; see Ibn
Khallikan, III, 92. The verb sharshara means "to bite," and according to the lexicographer al-Layth, explaining a certain verse, shirshir means a dog. The lexicographer al-Azhari, however, argues that al-Layth was mistaken: shirshir is the
name of a certain desert shrub . I fail to see how a shrub can be confused with a dog.
See Ibn Manzur, Lisan, IV, 403.
I I Io. Ibn Abd Rabbihi, V, 303; al-Jahiz, I, 148-49 (read al-Rani for al-Ra'y; the
editor could not identify Abu Sa`id).
251
According to Sulayman-Abu Said: I wrote to Medina [informing the people there] "You have been mocked with this and that,
so respond to it." So one of the Medinans responded:
I wonder at this erring one, though by fate he is led,
for everything that is ordained is ordained.
He says that in Medina there is nothing
but musical instruments and singing.
You lie, by God, for there you can find
the graves of the Prophet and the best of mankind.
According to Sulayman-'Amr b. Sulayman al-'Attar: I was in
al-Kufah, where I associated with Abu Hanifah, when Zufar'113
got married. Abu Hanifah was present [at the wedding], and Zufar
asked him to speak. Abu Hanifah then delivered a speech, saying
"Here is Zufar b. al-Hudhayl, one of the Muslims' [religious]
leaders and a prominent figure, a man of noble descent, dignity,
and knowledge." Some of Zufar' s clan said "We are pleased that it
was Abu I;lanifah who spoke and no other," as Abu Hanifah mentioned Zufar' s qualities and praised him. But other people of
Zufar's clan resented this and said to Zufar "Your relatives and the
clan's chiefs are present, and you ask Abu I;Ianifah to deliver a
speech! 111114 Zufar said "Had my father been present I would have
1111. Fa-tukfirahu (with fa' al-sababiyyah) is a better reading than the present
wa-tukfiruhu; see 2511 n. a. The idea is that one can cause someone else to become
an infidel by asking him questions (on religious matters ) to which he does not
know the answer.
1112. Instead of "wa-al-mathnah wa-al-zir," names of different strings of the
instrument.
I I 13. A jurist and a friend of Abu I;Ianifah. See al-Safadi, XIV, 200 - I; Ibn Sa'd,
VI, 270; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, I, 348.
1114. Zufar belonged to the 'Anbar clan of the tribe of Tamim, whereas Abu
I Ianifah was a client of Taymallah of the Bakr confederation , traditional enemies
of the Tamim; see Jad al-Mawla et al., 170-228.
252 Biographies
preferred Abu Hanifah to him." Zufar b. al-Hudhayl belonged to
the Banu al-`Anbar, [a clan] of the Tamim.
According to Ibrahim b. Bashshar al-Ramadi-[Sufyan] In
`Uyaynah: I never saw anyone more insolent toward God than
Abu Hanifah. A man from Khurasan came to him with a hundred
thousand issues and said to him "I want to ask you about all this,"
whereupon Abu Hanifah said "Ask!" Sufyan [Ibn `Uyaynah] said:
[2512] Have you seen a greater insolence toward God?
According to `Abdallah b. Ahmad b. Shabbawayh-his father`Ali b. al-Husayn b. Wagid-his paternal uncle al-Hakam b. Waqid: I saw Abu Hanifah [sit] to give legal opinions from early in the
day until midday. When the crowds around him decreased I approached him and said "0 Abu Hanifah, had Abu Bakr and `Umar
been with us in this session and had they been presented with the
same arduous issues, they would have avoided some of the answers, and they would have stopped [at some point]." Abu Hanifah
looked at me and said "Are you seized with fever?"
According to Ahmad b. Khalid al-Khallal-al-Shafi,il115: Malik
[b. Anas] was once asked [to give his opinion about] al-Batti1116
and said "He was of a middling sort." He was [also] asked about
[`Abdallah] In Shubrumah1117 and said "He was of a middling
sort." "What about Abu Hanifah?" he was asked. Malik said "Had
he approached these [stone] columns of yours [in the mosque] and
argued with you on the basis of analogy (qiyas), he would have
made them [turn into] wood. "1118
Muhammad b. Ishaq b. Yasar.1119
1115. Founder of one of the schools of law (madhdhib) and systematizer of the
method of deriving the religious law from its sources. He died in 204/819. See
Schacht, Origins, passim; Halm; Landau-Tasseron, "Cyclical Reform," 101, n. 96.
1116. Apparently the reference is to the Basran jurist `Uthman b. Muslim alBatti; see al-Dhahabi, Siyar, VI, 148; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XIX, 492-94.
1117. A famous Kufan judge, who died in 144/761. See Juynboll, Muslim Tradition, 87-88; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, VI, 347; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 265; al-Safadi, XVII,
207; Waki`, passim, especially vol. III, where there is hardly a page on which his
name is not mentioned.
1118. The use of analogy in establishing religious laws was a point of debate
between Abu Hanifah (who supported it) and al-Shafi`i (who had reservations about
it). Here al-Shafi`i (quoting Malik) admires Abu I;Ianifah's method, at least as far as
it is persuasive; see Landau-Tasseron, "Cyclical Reform," 101, 106.
1119. Known as Ibn Ishaq (d. 150/767), a famous early historian and biographer
of the Prophet. The biography he wrote (sfrah) was widely known and cited, and
253
He was a client of `Abdallah b. Qays b. Makhramah b. alMuttalib b. `Abd Manaf b. Qusayy. His kunyah was Abu
`Abdallah.
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]: He was a client
of Qays b. Makhramah. His grandfather Yasar was a captive,
among others, from `Ayn al-Tamr.1120 These were the first captives to arrive at Medina from Iraq.
Ibn Ishaq transmitted [traditions] from his father Ishaq b. Yasar
and from his paternal uncles Musa and `Abd al-Rahman, sons of
Yasar. He was an expert on the campaigns of the Prophet
(maghazi), [as well as] on the battles of the Arabs, their history,
and genealogies . He was a transmitter of Arab poetry (rawiyah), [as
well as] many traditions . His erudition was immense; he was a
seeker of knowledge and a first-rate scholar. In all [these fields] he
was reliable.' 121
According to Said b. `Uthman al-Tanukhi-Ibrahim b. Mahdi
al-Massi i -Ismail b. `Ulayyah-Shu`bah: Muhammad b. Ishaq
and Jabir [b. Yazid] al-Ju`fi are reliable.
According to Ibn Sa`d1122-a son of Muhammad b. Ishaq: My
father died in Baghdad in the year 15o/February 6, 767-January 25,
768 and was buried in the cemetery of al-Khayzuran.
Mis'ar b . Kidam b. Zuhayr al-Hilali, a genuine member of the
Banu Hilal.1123
His kunyah was Abu Salamah.
According to Abu al-Sa'ib-Abu Nu'aym-Mis' ar: I came to see
Abu Ja`far [al-Mansur] and said [to him] "0 Commander of the
Faithful, I am your maternal uncle ." He said "Which one of them
together with the work of al-Wagidi constituted the foundation of all subsequent
research on Muhammad 's life. See "Ibn Ishak," EII, III, 389-90 (C. Brockelmann);
EI2, III, 810-11 (J. M. B. Jones); Suhayl Zakkar, introduction to Ibn Ishaq, Siyar;
Conrad, "Ibn Ishaq"; Mustafa, I, 16o-62; Duri , 33-37; al-Samuk; Hamidullah,
"Muhammad ibn Ishaq."
1120. One of the first places in Iraq to be raided by the Muslims in the year
12/63. See al -Tabarl, Ta 'rikh, I, 2062 -69. Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 18o.
1121. Al-Tabari himself drew heavily on In Ishaq . Nevertheless, the latter's
reliability was not beyond dispute. See Kister , "Massacre," 74-80; LandauTasseron, "Sayf," 8.
1122. In Sa 'd, VII/2, 67 ( without mention of the source).
1123. That is, not a client . The Banu Hilal were a branch of the northern great
confederation of `Amin b. Sa`sa `ah. On Mis'ar, see Khallfah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh,
455; idem , Tabagat, 168; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 267.
[2513]
254 Biographies
are you?" I said "I am a member of the Banu Hilal." Abu Ja`far said
"I have no ancestress I like better than the one who was a member
of your clan."1124 I said "0 Commander of the Faithful, do you
know what the poet said about us and you?" He asked "What did
he say?" whereupon I recited:
With the Quraysh we share both piety and kinship;
this is a specific partnership' 125
Through the offspring of the women of the Banu Hilal,
as well as the women of the Banu Aban.1126
[2514]
255
1130. Hamzah here refers to the procedure of the authorization and authentication of transmitted traditions , initiated in order to prevent fabrications; see F.
Sezgin, I, 59. As for the role of dreams, see Kinberg, especially 230-31 (on Hamzah).
1' 3 r. A jurist, the main representative of the ancient Syrian school of religious
law. See "Al-Awzai," EI2, I, 772-73 (J. Schacht); F. Sezgin, I, 516-17; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 315-16; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 285-86; Abu Zur`ah, 261-67
and passim.
1132. The Sayban b. al-Ghawth was a Yemeni clan . According to Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 435, 437, al -Awza '1 originated with this clan and was called Awza`i only
because he lived among the Awza, another Yemeni clan. According to Ibn Hibban,
however, al-Awza` was the name of a village near Damascus.
1133. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, II, 546-47. Bilgis is the Arabic name for the
Queen of Sheba, see "Bilk is," E12, I, 1219-20 (E. Ullendorff).
1134 . Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 459; idem, Tabagat, 222 ; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashahfr, 280; al-Sam`ani, IV, 153-54; al-Sayrawan, 101.
1135. Of the group called Ghassan; see Ibn Hazm , Jamharat, 381, 474.
256 Biographies
Al-Aswad b. Shayban.1140
An inhabitant of al-Basrah, a meritorious man and a reliable
[transmitter] (thiqah).
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada' ini], al-Aswad died in
the year 16o in al-Basrah.
Za'idah b. Qudamah al-Thagafi.1141
1136. A famous Barran traditionist and jurist, client of the Tamim. See Ibn
Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 11-14; Ibn al -Nadim, I, 549,11,993.
1137. Cf. Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 38. This may be interpreted in two ways. First, pious
Muslim scholars sometimes express the fear of failing in the task of faithfully
transmitting the Prophet's traditions. Second, certain Muslim scholars of the second century held that writing down prophetic traditions was unlawful. See
Sprenger; Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 181-88. For a critique of these two scholars, see F. Sezgin, II, 53-81.
1138. The name may be Kunayz. He was a Barran, a client of the Bahilah, not
trusted because of his bad memory and arbitrary additions to the traditions. See Ibn
Hibban, Majrnhin, I, 192 -94; Ibn `Adi, II, 482-87.
1139. The third `Abbasid caliph, 158-69/775-85; see Kennedy, 137-39.
1140. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 221, see also 224; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, VIII,
129-30.
1141. He died in the year 161/777-78. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 468;
idem, Tabaqat, 169; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 269. He cannot be identical with
Za'idah b. Qudamah al-Thaqafi, who was associated with al-Mukhtar b. Abi
`Ubayd, not only because the latter was a Shi`i whereas "our" Za'idah opposed the
Shi`ah, but also because of the time gap between the two. See, e.g., al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, II, 6o5, 926.
258
Biographies
259
order to seek out [and arrest] both `Isa and al-Hasan. He exerted his
efforts in pursuing them.
According to Ibn Sa`d1151-al-Fadl b. Dukayn: I saw al-Hasan b.
Salih attending the Friday prayer with everyone else; then he went
into hiding [the next] Sunday, [remaining thus] until his death. AlMahdi could not capture him or `Isa b. Zayd. Al-Hasan hid together with `Isa b. Zayd in the same place for seven years. The
latter died six months before al-Hasan.
Hasan b. I;Iayy was an inhabitant of al-Kufah, where he died in [2517]
the year 167/August 5, 783-July 23, 784 at the age of sixty-two or
[sixty]-three.
According to Yahya b. Main: Al-Hasan b. Salih b. Hayy was
born in the year ioo/August 3, 718-July 23, 719.
According to al-`Abbas-Yahya: Al-Hasan b. Salih is I Iasan b.
Salih b. Salih b. Muslim b. Hayyan. People call [him] Ibn Hayy, but
it is Ibn Hayyan.
Ja'far b. Ziyad al-Alhmar.1152
He was the client of Muzahim b. Zufar of the Taym alRibab.1153
26o Biographies
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini]: `Ubaydallah b.
al-Hasan was born in the year ioo or io6/May 29, 724-May 18,
725 and was appointed judge in the year 15 7/November 21, 773November 10, 774.
According to Ibn Sa`di 156-Ahmad b. Makhlad, who heard
`Ubaydallah b. al-Hasan al-`Anbari recite on the pulpit [in the mosque] of al-Basrah:
Where are the kings, [who were] heedless of their fate
until the cup of death was given them to taste?
Our riches for inheritors we accumulate;
our houses we build for time to lay waste.
[2518] According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]: `Ubaydallah b.
al-Hasan al -`Anbari died in Dhu al-Qa`dah 168/May-June 784.
According to Fudayl b. `Abd al-Wahhab-Mu`adh b. Mu`adh: I
came to visit `Ubaydallah b. al-Hasan, the judge of al-Basrah, and
said "I see that you are well today, God be praised." He replied:
In the evening [I look] healthy, but do not be deceived.
Dawn will bring death, [and I shall be deceased].
At dawn I heard the cry [announcing his death].
Hasan b. Zayd b. Hasan b. Ali b. Abi Talib. 1157
Al-Hasan b. Zayd's kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
He fathered [many children]: Muhammad; al-Qasim; Umm
Kulthum bt. al-Hasan, who was married to the caliph Abu
al-`Abbas [al-Saffalh] and bore him two children, both of whom
died young; `Ali; Zayd; Ibrahim; `Isa; Ismail; Ishaq al-A`war (the
one-eyed); and `Abdallah.
Hasan b. Zayd was a pious man. Abu Ja`far [al-Mansur] appointed him governor of Medina, a position he held for five years.
Al-Mansur then found fault with [al-Hasan] and became angry
1156. Not in Sachau's edition or al-Qism al-mutammim; cf. the short biography
of this Ubaydallah, in Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 42.
1157. He collaborated with the `Abbasid caliph al-Mansur against the other
members of the Hashimi family, in particular his cousins, the rebels Muhammad
al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah and Ibrahim, sons of `Abdallah b. al-Hasan. See al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, III, 144-45, and also 149, where he appears to be double-crossing the
caliph; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 466; idem, Tabagat, 272; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, III (Duri), 269.
261
with him. He dismissed him [from office], confiscated all his property, and sold it, then imprisoned him. Muhammad al-Mahdi [b.
al-Mansur], who was his father's heir apparent, wrote secretly to
`Abd al-Samad b. 'All: 1158 "Beware! beware!"
262
Biographies
263
senger," then recited "The affair belongs to Allah before and after."1167 He died in the morning of Rabi I 14, 179/June 7, 795,
during the caliphate of Har in [al-Rashid]. `Abdallah b. Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. Muhammad b. `Ali b. `Abdallah b. al-`Abbas, son
of Zaynab bt. Sulayman b. `Ali, said the prayer over his bier. [This
`Abdallah] was known by his mother's name, that is, `Abdallah b.
Zaynab, and was governor of Medina at the time.' 168 `Abdallah
said the prayer over Malik at the funeral place; then Malik was
buried in al-Bagi`.1169
1171. I have translated adab as philology, following Lane's lexicon, even though
Ibn al-Mubarak is not usually considered a philologist. The other possibility,
"belles lettres," seemed to me less feasible. It should also be noted that Sezgin
omits to mention his poetry, but see Ibn al-Nadim, I, 552, II, 936.
1172. A town in Iraq on the right bank of the Euphrates; see E12, III, 510 (M.
Streck).
264 Biographies
Christians say, but we cannot transmit what the Jahmiyyah
say. 1173
According to `Abdallah b. Ahmad b. Shabbawayh-`Ali b. alHasan: We asked `Abdallah b. al-Mubarak "What do you know of
our Lord?" He said: "He is above seven heavens, on the throne,
separated from His creation by a partition. We do not believe, like
the Jahmiyyah, that He is found here"; [he said this] pointing with
his hand to the ground.' 174
Muhammad b. al-Hasan.1175
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah, and he was a client of the
Shayban.
Muhammad's origin was in the Jazirah.1176 His father, who had
been enlisted in the Syrian army, came to Wasit,1177 where
Muhammad was born in the year 132/August 20, 749-August 8,
750. He grew up in al-Kufah and became a student of tradition,
attending lectures [on the subject]. He later participated in Abu
I Ianifah's assembly and studied from him. The latter's school [of
law] became the predominant one as far as Muhammad b. alHasan was concerned, and he was known as a Hanafi.
Muhammad settled in Baghdad, where people studied [traditions] from him. He later moved to al-Raggah1178 when the caliph,
Harun al-Rashid, was staying there.1179 Harun appointed him
1173. Muslim scholars debated the permissibility of transmitting from Jews as
well as Christians; see Kister, "Haddithu'." On the Jahmiyyah, an early and somewhat obscure sect, see "Djahmiyya," El2, II, 388 (W. M. Watt).
1174. The theological issue here is apparently that of anthropomorphism, vehemently rejected by the Jahmiyyah in all its forms . Their argument here would be
that God is found everywhere, not seated on a throne in Heaven. See, e.g., alAsh'ari, Ibanah, 59-64; al-Lalika'i, I, 30-31.
1175. Known as al -Shayban, author of several law books, among them al-Siyar
al-kabir, dealing with the law of war and translated by Majid Khadduri as The
Islamic Law of Nations (Baltimore, 1966). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 494;
idem, Tabagat, 328; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 219. Although a judge, his biography is
not recorded by Waki`.
1176. That is, Mesopotamia.
1177. A city in the center of Iraq built by the Umayyad governor al -Hajjaj b.
Yusuf, to accomodate the Syrian troops stationed in Iraq. "Wasit," EII, IV, 1 r28-32
(M. Streck).
1178. Ancient Kallinikos, a city in the Jazirah on the left bank of the Euphrates;
see "al -Rakka," EI2, VIII, 410-14 (M. Meinecke).
1179. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, III, I,8o.
265
266 Biographies
[2523]
Uways al-Qarani.
He was of the Murad, that is, Yuhabir b. Malik, who belonged to
the Madhhij. His [genealogy] is as follows: Uways b. `Amir b. jaz'
b. Malik b. `Amr b. Sad b. `Uswan b. Qaran b. Radman b. Najiyah
b. Murad; that is, Yuhabir b. Malik.
Uways was a pious, virtuous man. It was reported that he was
killed in [the battle of ] Siffin.
According to [Muhammad b. al-`Ala'] Abu Kurayb-Abu BakrHisham-al-Hasan-the Prophet: [Many people, in numbers] as
many as [the whole of ] Rabi'ah and Mudar, will enter paradise
thanks to the intercession of one man of my community. According to Hisham-Hawshab-[al-Hasan]:1189 That is Uways alQarani.
Hudayn b. al-Mundhir al-Ragashi.1190
1187. Ibn Sa`d, V, 365.
1188. Another name for Muzdalifah, where certain rituals of the Pilgrimage are
held; see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, II, 118.
1189. See In Hajar, Isabah, I, 116 s.v. Uways.
119o. A minor tribal chief in al-Basrah, of the Ragashiyyun, a branch of the
267
northern Banu Shayban. He was one of `All's commanders in the battle of Siffin and
served as governor of Istakhr. He died in the year 99/717-18. See Crone, Slaves,
113; Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 317; Nasr b. Muzahim, 205 and passim; In IIajar,
Tahdhib, II, 340-41; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 200, 204; In Hibban, Mashahir, 157; idem, Thigat, IV, 191; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, IVa, 22, 93.
1191. See Hinds, "Banners and Battle -Cries."
1192. A part of a poem; see Nasr b. Muzahim, 289-90.
1193. An Ansari Companion of the Prophet and a supporter of `All. See Ibn
IIajar, Isabah, II, 23; Ibn al-Athir, Usd, ]1, 372; In Sa'd, V, 59, gives only his
genealogy.
1194. Not recorded by Nasr b. Muzahim or al-Quhpa'I.
268 Biographies
b. Kathir b. Malik b. Jusham b. Hashid b. Jusham b. Khaywan b.
Nawf b. Hamdan.119s
Huth is the brother of Sabi`, Abu Ishaq al-SabI'I's clan.
Al-Harith was one of `Ali [b. Abi Talib]'s prominent companions. He worshipped God by [studying] the religious law, the
science of the division of inheritances,' 196 and arithmetic.
According to Zakariya' b. Yahya-Alhmad b. Yunus-Za'idahal-A`mash [Sulayman b. Mihran]-Ibrahim-al-Harith: I learned
reading in one year and the Revelation in three years.' 197
[Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-Yahya b. Wadih-Ismail-Makhlad-Abu Ishaq: Al-Hasan b. `All [b. Abi Talib] wrote to al-Harith
[the following] "Indeed, you used to hear from `Ali things I did not
hear." So [al-Harith] sent to him a camel load [of written material].
Abu al-Sa'ib-Ibn Fudayl-Mujalid [b. Sa`Id]-[`Amir b. Shurahbil] al-Sha`bi: I learned from al-Harith al-A'war the science of
inheritances and arithmetic. He was the best of all people at
arithmetic.
Yahya b. Ma`In claimed that al-Harith died in the year
65/August i8, 684-August 7, 685. All the historians agree that alHarith's death occurred during the time when `Abdallah b. Yazid
al-Ansari acted as governor of al-Kufah on behalf of `Abdallah b. alZubayr. `Abdallah b. Yazid said the prayer over al-Harith's bier in
his time [as governor of] al-Kufah.1198
1195. The clan's name is Huth. See Ibn IIajar, Tahdhib, II, 126-28; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 149-50 (only his genealogy); al-Khashshi, 81-83; al-Amin,
XVIII, 293-320; Nasr b. Muzahim, 121.
1196. `Ilm al-fara'id. See Lane, s.v. f.r.d.
1197. Ta'allamtu al-qur'ana ft sanatin wa-l-walhya ft thalathi sinina. Wahya
("inspiration") must refer to the Qur'an, so the word qur'an must be used here in
its original meaning, i.e., "reading."
1198. On `Abdallah, see al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 190, 207-9, 273-74.
1199. The clan's name is Arhab. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 396, 476; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 165.
269
270
Biographies
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-Jarir [b. `Abd alHamId]-`Ata' [b. al-Sa'ib]: Someone asked Abu `Abd al-Rahman:
"I beseech you in the name of God, [tell me] when it was that you
[began] to hate `Ali? Was it not when he doled out allowances in alKufah and omitted to give you any or your family?" Abu `Abd alRahman replied "If you beseech me in the name of God [to tell
you], the answer is yes."
[2526] Kumayl b. Ziyad b. Nahik b. Haytham b. Sad b. Malik b. alHarith b. Suhban b. Sad b. Malik b. al-Nakha`, of the Madhhij.1207
Kumayl participated in [the battle of ] Siffin on the side of `Ali [b.
Abi Talib]. He was a tribal chief (sharif), and his people obeyed
him.1208
When al-Hajjaj [b. Yusuf] came to al-Kufah he ordered that
Kumayl be brought before him and had him executed.
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala']-Abu Bakral-A`mash [Sulayman b. Mihran]: Al-Hajjaj said to al-`Uryan [b. alHaytham b. al-Aswad]:1209 "0 `Uryan, what became of Kumayl?
Did he not participate in the revolt against us in [the battle of ] alJamajim?"1210 `Uryan replied; [al-A`mash] mentioned the exchange, then [continued the story]: Al-Hajjaj waited until [one
day] Kumayl came to collect his pension (`ata'). Al-Hajjaj seized
him and said to him "You are the one who treated [the caliph]
`Uthman in such-and-such a manner," and he said [other] things
[as well].1211 Kumayl retorted: "Do not put so much blame on me,
and do not pour a mountain of sand on me. 1212 It was only that the
1207. One of the tribal nobles of al-Kufah (ashraf), of the Nakha'. Kumayl was
involved in the uprising against `Uthman and even went to Medina to kill him
himself, but his plan failed, and he had only an exchange of blows with the caliph.
After the murder of `Uthman he joined `All's camp. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2908,
2917, 2921, 3034-35; Khahfah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 148.
1208. This is especially noted because obedience to tribal leaders was not a
matter of course, nor did these leaders have any institutionalized coercive power. It
is perhaps worthy of note that he is not mentioned by Nasr b. Muzahim in Waq`at
Siffin.
1209. Of the same tribe as Kumayl, al-Nakha`. He was chief of the shurtah in the
time of Yazid II. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 672-73, 1407, 1655; Ibn Manzu-r,
Mukhtasar, XVII, 31-32; Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 297.
271
[2527]
272
Biographies
Nawf al-Bikali, that is, Nawf b. Fadalah, the son of Ka'b's wife.1219
Nawfal b. Musahiq b. `Abdallah b. Makhramah b. `Abd al-`Uzza
1220. One of the notables of the Qurashi clan 'Amir b. Lu'ayy, associated with
the Umayyad caliph al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik. See al-Zubayri, 427; In Qudamah,
483; In Hibban, Mashahir, 64.
1221. One of the most fervent supporters of All b. Abi Talib; he died on his way
to Egypt to assume the post of governor on behalf of 'Ali. See "al -Ashtar," EI2, I,
704 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 174, 177, 184, 186; idem,
Tabagat, 148; al-Kashshi, 61-63; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim; al-Kindi, 25-28.
1222. Al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3200.
1223 . The reference is to the battle of the Camel. Al-Ashtar is said to have come
to Medina with 'Uthman's opponents but to have kept himself uninvolved in the
murder of the caliph. See al-Tabari, Ta 'rikh, I, 2954, 2999, but see also 'Abd alMalik Ibn Habib, 113.
1224. That is, Talhah b. 'Ubaydallah and al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam; see 'Abd alMalik Ibn Habib, 114.
1225. Khuruj is here used in both its senses simultaneously (to go out and to
rebel), referring to the revolt against All, and to the fact that the rebels left Medina
in order to rally support in al-Basra. On the role played by 'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr,
see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3109, 3126, 3200. The report clearly reflects an 'Alid
argument, refuting as it does the allegation that 'Ali's supporters were 'Uthman's
murderers.
274 Biographies
Hujr's pension was 2,500 [dirhams per year].1239 He was a companion of `Ali [b. Abi Talib] and fought on his side in [the battles
of ] the Camel and Siffin.1240
1233. See pp. 50-51, above.
1234. A general of the Sufyanids. See "al-Husayn b. Numayr," E12, III, 620-21
(H. Lammens and V. Cremonesi); Crone, Slaves, 97.
1235. One of the important governors of Iraq for the Sufyanids, son of the previous governor and adopted brother of Mu'awiyah, Ziyad b. Abihi (= b. Abi Sufyan);
see Hawting, First Dynasty, 41, 50, 53, 55.
1236. The tribe's name is Kindah, not as written here. Hujr was a Kind! leader in
al-Kufah, charged as an instigator of opposition to the Umayyads. He was executed
by Mu`awiyah in the year 51/671. See "Hudjr b. `Adi," E72, III, 545 (H. Lammens);
Hasson, 133-39; Hawting, First Dynasty, 41; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 112-155; alBaladhuri, Ansab, IVa, 211-36; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashdhir, 144; al-Kashshi, 94; alQuhpa'!, II, 85-86; al-Dabbl, 20; al-Amin, XX, 141-227; Ibn Sa'd, VI, 151-541237. This makes him a Companion (sahdbi). Certain historians, however, deny
him the title; see Lammens, "Hudjr b. `Adi."
1238. A village 15 miles away from Damascus, conquered by Khalid b. al-Walid;
see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2103. Hujr is not mentioned here among the conquerors,
and Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, III, 625, treats this information cautiously. Marj
`Adhra' was the place where Hujr was imprisoned, executed, and buried. See Yaqut,
III, 625; al-Tabari, II, 137. The translation in Blankenship, 103, is erroneous.
1239. This was the highest pension, called sharaf al-`ata'.
1240. See, e.g., Nasr b. Muzahim, 103-4, 117, and passim.
275
Sa`sa`ah b. Suhan.1241
He died in al-KUfah during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah.
`Abd Khayr b. Yazid al-Khaywani, of the Hamdan.
His kunyah was Abu `Umarah. He participated on `All's side in
[the battle of ] Siffin, where he excelled.
Al-Asbagh b. Nubatah b. al-Harith b. `Amr b. Fatik b. `Amir b.
Mujashi` b. Darim.1242
He was the commander of the shurtah for `Ali [b. Abi Talib].
Al-Asbagh belonged to the party (shi ah) of `Ali.
Hajjar b. Abjar b. Jabir b. Bujayr b. `A'idh b. Shurayt b. `Amr b.
Malik b. RabI'ah b. `Ijl.1243
He was a tribal noble (shag f).
Muslim b. Nudhayr al-Sa`di, of the Sa'd b. Zayd Manah b.
Tamim.1244
1245. A member of the Jadilah of Qays. His name is variously given as `Abd alRahman, `Ubayd, and `Abadah. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 2S9; idem, Tabaqat, 143; Ibn Sa'd, VI, 159; al-Kashshi, 85-87; al-Quhpa'i, IV, 114-15.
276 Biographies
The mother of `Adwan and Fahm was Jadilah bt. Murr b. Tabikhah, a sister of Tamim b. Murr,1246 and the [members of these
tribes] were called after her.
Abu `Abdallah al-Jadali belonged to 'Ali's party. He was the
commander of the 800 [troops] sent by al-Mukhtar [to the Hijaz] to
protect Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyyah from [`Abdallah] Ibn alZubayr when the latter wanted to kill him.1247
Abu al-Mutawakkil al-Naji.1248
His name was `Ali b. Du'ad.
Abu al-Siddiq al-Naji.1249
His name was Bakr b. `Amr. He was a reliable [transmitter]
(thiqah).
Dharr b. `Abdallah b. Zurarah b. Mu`awiyah b. `Amirah b.
Munabbih b. Ghalib b. Waqsh b. Qasim b. Murhibah, of the
Hamdan.12so
Dharr was an eminent storyteller (gdss[1251 and a Murji'. He was
one of the Qur'an readers (qurra') who participated in the revolt of
`Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath against al-Hajjaj.1252
1246. That is, the eponym of the tribal confederation of Tamim.
1247. See Sharon, Black Banners, 112-14; al-Tabarl, Ta'rikh, II, 693-95. Abu
`Abdallah also acted as imam for al-Mukhtar; see al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 267.
1248. Of the Banu Samah b. Lu'ayy, an obscure group claiming descent from the
Quraysh; part of them were called after the ancestress Najiyah. See Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 173; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 352; idem, Tabaqat, 206; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 148; al-Dulabi, II, ro5.
1249. A Basran 1lafiz of the same tribe as the previous one. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 352; idem, Tabagat, 206; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 150; Ibn Hajar,
Tahdhib, I, 426. According to In Sa'd, VII/1, 164, he was not a trustworthy
transmitter.
1250. A traditionist of the Murhibah, a branch of the southern Harridan. See Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 396; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 189.
1251. On the storytellers and their role in spreading traditions see "I .issa," E12,
V, 185-87 (C. Pellat); Pedersen; Bosworth, Medieval, I, 27; Juynboll, Muslim Tradition, 11-12; Taha al-Najm; al-Zubur; al-Suynti, Tahdhir al-khawass; Ibn al-Jawzi,
al-Qussas; Mustafa , II, 145-47.
1252. Dharr is not included in the list of the Qurra' who supported Ibn alAsh'ath given in Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, I, 286. It is not certain that in the
context of Ibn al-Ash`ath's revolt qurra' meant Qur'an readers. See Shahan, 50-54,
67-68, and passim ; Sayed; Juynboll, "The Qurra'."
According to Ibn Sa`d1253-al -Fall b. Dukayn-Abu Isra 'il-alHakam : I heard Dharr say during [the battle of] al-Jamajim "Is it
anything but the coolness of iron in the hand of an unbeliever
[who is going to be] burned [in hell]?"
Talhah b. 'Abdallah b. Khalaf b . As`ad, of the Banu Mulayl, b.
'Amr b. Rabr ah, of the Khuza' ah.1254
His father, 'Abdallah b. Khalaf, was killed in the battle of the
Camel, [fighting] on the side of 'A'ishah and Talhah.
This Talhah was the one called Talhah of the Talhahs. He was
the most generous Arab of his time.
Talhah's mother was Safiyyah bt . al-Harith b. Tallhah b. Abi
Talhah b. 'Abd al-' Uzza b . 'Uthman b. 'Abd al- Dar b . Qusayy. His
father's mother was Humaynah bt . Abi Talhah b. `Abd
al-'Uzza. 1255 He was called Talhah of the Talhahs because both
Talhah and Abu Talhhah were [among] his ancestors.
1258. Son of 'Abdallah b. al-'Abbas and the most respected uncle of the first
'Abbasid caliphs, al-Saffah and al-Mansur. He died in the year 133/750-51. See
Lassner, 141, 144, 146; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, V, 444- 45; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, III
(Duri), 87-89; Ibn Mansur , Mukhtasar, VIII, 149-5 2 ; Ibn al-Athir, Kamil, V, 40916.
[2531]
278 Biographies
of the Banu Umayyah." Now Salim was a loud-spoken person.
Da'ud b. `Ali heard him and asked "Who is this?" Someone replied
"Salim b. Abi Hafsah." Da'ud was then informed about Salim and
his convictions. 12S9
According to Ibn Sa`d1260-`Ali b. `Abdallah-Sufyan-Salim b.
Abi Hafsah: Whenever ['Amir b. Shurahbil] al-Sha`bI saw me he
would recite the following:
O God's police, fall down and away
like a grain of barley.1261
[2532]
1264. Her mother was a concubine, and it was reported that she knew no tradition from her father. According to a certain anecdote, she threw ashes in the face of
a man who glorified her father. See Ibn Sa`d, VIII, 341-42; al-Amin, XLII, 254-55.
1266. I could not trace her, not even in the works of the descendants of the
family, al-Zubayri's Nasab quraysh and al-Zubayr b. Bakkar's Muwaffagiyyat.
1267. That is, daughter of al-Zubayr, whose wife was Asma'.
1268. Her identity is in fact unknown. See In Hajar, Tahdhib, XII, 492; alBandari and Hasan, N, 478. The identity of `Abd al-Malik, son of Umm Humayd, is
not clear either; see Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, VI, 16o. There was, however, a Companion bearing this name, wife of the Ansiri Companion Abu I Iumayd; see Ibn I;Iajar,
Isabah, N, 445.
[2533]
280 Biographies
`Abd al-Rahhman-his mother Umm Humayd bt. `Abd al-Rahman:
I asked `A'ishah about the middle prayer (a1-saldh al-wustd[, and
she said: During the Prophet's lifetime we used to read it in the
first mode of reading, thus: "Keep the prayers, the middle prayer
and the afternoon prayer, and stand [praying] in obedience to
God. 111269
According to `Abbas b. Muhammad-Hajjaj [b. Muhammad][`Abd al-Malik b. `Abd al-`Aziz] Ibn jurayj-`Abd al-Malik b. `Abd
al-Rahman-his mother, Umm Humayd bt. `Abd al-Rahman, who
asked `A'ishah about the middle prayer mentioned by God [in the
Qur'an], and she replied: During the Prophet's lifetime we used to
read it according to the first mode of reading, thus: "Keep the
prayers, the middle prayer and the afternoon prayer, and stand
[praying] in obedience to God."
[2534]
Aminah.1270
She transmitted the following: According to al-RabI'-AsadHammad b. Salamah-`Ali b. Zayd-Aminah, who asked `A'ishah
about the following verse: "Whether you reveal what is within
you or conceal it, Allah will reckon with you for it [and will
forgive whom He willeth] and punish whom He willeth."1271
`A'ishah replied: "No one asked me about this verse since I had
asked the Prophet, who said: '0 `A'ishah, this is how God reckons
with His servants, by striking them with fever, or misfortunes, or
pestilence. Even a piece of merchandise one puts in one's hand,
loses, worries about, then finds under one's arm, [even that is an
1269. Qur'an 2:238. The canonical reading omits the words "and the afternoon
prayer." According to `A'ishah's reading as recorded here, the "middle prayer"
cannot be identical with the afternoon prayer. However, in the Jami`, II, 5 5 5, alTabari ascribes to `A'ishah a reading that makes these two prayers identical. See
the whole discussion in al-Tabari , Jami`, II, 553-68; and the various readings in
Jeffery, 30, 122, 196, 214, 232, 235, 237.
1270. Perhaps Aminah bt. `Abdallah; see note 1271, below.
1271. Qur'an 2:285; trans. Bell, I, 41. According to al-Tabari, Jamf, 111, 149, `Ali
b. Zayd transmitted this tradition from his mother, whose name is not mentioned.
In `Ali's biography, Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, VII, 283, one Aminah bt. `Abdallah is
mentioned as one of `All's sources. I could not trace this Aminah . `Ali b. Zayd was a
Basran, QurashI transmitter who died in the year 127/744-45 (there are other
versions). According to al-ZubayrI, 293, his mother was a concubine . See also Ibn
IIibban, Majruhin, II, 103-4
281
act of God]. So that the believer eventually emerges out of his sins
like red gold dust emerging from the blacksmith's bellows."'
Abu `Ubaydah.1273
His name was `Amir b. `Abdallah b . al-Jarrah.
Abu al-Argam.1274
His name was `Abd Manaf b. Asad b. `Abdallah al-Makhzumi.
Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi.
He was an ally of `Abd al-Muttalib,1275 and his name was Kannaz b. al-Husayn or Kink b . al-Husayn.
1272. It is not clear whether or not the title applies only to this chapter or to the
subsequent ones as well . In any case, in what follows al-Tabari records kunyahs,
nicknames , and names of people, regardless of whether or not they were already
mentioned in the Dhayl al-mudhayyal. Moreover, he sometimes mentions the
same person twice in one chapter , e.g., Tamim al -Dan (pp. 298, 302). Despite the
chapter heading, some of these people are not mentioned in the Ta'rikh, e.g., Abu
al-Arqam (Dhayl, 2534); others figure there only once, e.g., `Abdallah b. Zayd 2539
= al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2894. Many, however, such as `All b. Abi Talib or al-Zubayr,
occupy many pages in various places of the Ta'rikh. I saw no point in overloading
the footnotes with references . The reader is invited to use de Goeje's index or the
indexes to the other volumes of the translation . On the other hand, I supply some
details wherever al-Tabari mentions none at all . Where no details are adduced, it
means either that the person 's biography was recorded before or that I could not
trace the person.
1273. A close Companion of the Prophet and one of the army commanders
during the conquests . He died in the plague of `Amwas in Palestine in the year
18/639. See "Abu `Ubayda b. al-Djarrah," EI2, 15 8-59 (H. A. R. Gibb); al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 223-24; Ibn Hibban, Mashahzr, 27; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 27-28,
300.
1274. Of the Qurashi clan Makhzum, father of al-Arqam who gave the Prophet
shelter in the beginning of his career . According to Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 5, he was
not a Companion, having apparently died before Islam. See also Ibn Qudamah, 306,
388.
282 Biographies
Abu Musa al-Ash`ari.
His name was `Abdallah b. Qays, and he was an ally of Abu
Uhayhah Said b. al-`As.
Abu Mahdhurah, the muezzin.
His name was Aws b. Mi'yar or Samurah b. `Umayr. [Yahya] Ibn
Main said: It is Samurah b. Ma`in.1276
Abu al-'As b. al-RabI'.
[He was] the Prophet's son-in-law, [as] he was married to his
daughter Zaynab. His name was Miqsam.
[253S] Abu Dharr.
283
Opinions differ as to his name. According to Ibn Ishaq, it was alHarith b. Rib'!, whereas others maintain that it was `Amr b. Rib`i.
According to al-Wagidi, it was al-Nu`man b. Rib`i.
Abu al-Yasar, Ka`b b. `Amr.
Abu Hurayrah.1282
According to Hisham [b. Muhammad al-Kalbi], his name was
`Umayr b. `Amir b. `Abd Dhi al-Shard, but al-Wagidi says that it
was `Abd Shams and that he was renamed `Abdallah [upon embracing] Islam. 128-3 Yet others hold that his name was `Abd Nuhm
or Sukayn or `Abd Ghanm.
1279. An Ansari Companion and a supporter of `Ali (not mentioned by Nasr b.
Muzahim) who died in Medina in the year 45/665-66. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 190; idem, Tabagat, 118; In Hibban, Mashahir, 49; Ibn I;Iajar, Isabah, IV,
18-19.
1280. A Companion of the Prophet, who lived in Syria and died in the year
32/652-53. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 95; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 84; alBaladhuri, Ansab, I, 271; al-Shayyal, 14-31.
1281. An Ansiri of the Banu Salimah (Khazraj), an eminent Companion of the
Prophet, and a horseman, who died in the year 54/674. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 64, 70, 185, 211; idem, Tabagat, 102; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 33-34.
1282. A close Companion of the Prophet of humble origins of the tribe of Daws,
a branch of the southern Azd; see Ibn Hazm, famharat, 379. He was one of the most
prolific traditionists, thousands of traditions being connected with his name (not
all genuine , of course). See "Abu Hurayra," E12, I, 129 (J. Robson); Juynboll, Authenticity, chap. 7; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 114; In Hibban, Mashahir, 35;
Muhammad al-Khatib.
1283. See note 234, above.
284 Biographies
Abu Usayd al-Sa'idi, Malik b . RabI ah.1284
Abu Hadrad al-Aslami, Salamah b . `Umayr b . Abi Salamah.1285
Others say: `Abd b. `Umayr.
[2536] Abu Said al-Khudri, Sa'd b. Malik b. Sinan.
Abu Barzah al-Aslami.1286
According to Hisham [b. Muhammad al-Kalbi ]: This is Nadlah
b. `Abdallah. Others say Nadlah b. Usayd b. al-Harith, whereas,
according to al-Wagidi , it is `Abdallah b . Nadlah.
Abu Zayd al-Ansari, Thabit b. Zayd b. Qays.1287
He belonged to the Banu al-Harith b. al-Khazraj . He was one of
the six who collected the Qur'an.1288
Abu Wada`ah al-Harith b. Dubayrah b. Su'ayd, father of alMuttalib b. Abi Wada'ah al-Sahmi.1289
1284. An Ansari Companion of the Prophet, of the Banu Sa'idah ( Khazraj), who
died in the year 40/660-61. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta 'rikh, 142, 242; idem,
Tabaqat, 97; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 44.
1285. He, his two sons, and his daughter Umm al-Darda ' were Companions of
the Prophet, of the northern Aslam, a branch of Mudar. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
241-42. Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, Ito.
1286. A Companion, of the Aslam tribe, who lived in al-Basrah and died after
the year 64/683-84 in a raid to Khurasan . See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, log,
187, 322; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 68; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif 146.
1287. There are several Companions bearing this kunyah, many of them Ansaris . Oddly, the "one who collected (or, knew by heart) the Qur'an " is not better
known than the rest. See note 1288 , below.
1288. See p. 22, above . Note that the kunyah of Sa'd al-Qari ' is also Abu Zayd.
Apparently there is a confusion among several people . According to Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, IV, 78, the "Abu Zayd who collected the Qur'an" was called Qays b. alSakan, but he adduces other versions too, including "Sa`d b . `Ubayd "; see also Ibn
Hajar, III, 250; and p. 294, below, on the famous collector of the Qur'an , Zayd b.
Thabit.
1289. A rich Meccan merchant , of the Qurashi clan the Banu Sahm, a contemporary of the Prophet who embraced Islam after the Conquest of Mecca and transmitted a few traditions. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 425; al-Tabari, Ta 'rikh, I, 1343, 1369
Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 164.
285
1290. Mentioned as a Companion. According to Ibn Hajar his son `Iyad was a
companion of `Ali b. Abi Talib and apparently more famous than his father. AlTabari, however, Ta'rikh, II, 903, 908, mentions `Iyad as a commander in al-Hajjaj's
army; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 362.
1291. Of the southern tribe Ju`fiyy. He came to the Prophet and received from
him license to claim possession of the wadi of Ju`fiyy. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
409-10; Ibn Sa`d, VI, 32; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 399, S.V. `Abd al-Raljman b. Abi
Sabrah.
1292. A Kufan jurist of the second century. See Ibn Sa`d, VI, 200-1; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 166; al-$afadi, XIII, 443; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 154.
1293. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Suwi'ah, a branch of the northern
`Amin b. $a`sa'ah; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 273. He died in the year 74/693-94. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 57, 132; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 8o.
1294. A Companion of the Prophet. There is disagreement both over his name
and his genealogy. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 33; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,124,
307; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 94.
1295. A member of the tribe of Sulaym, a contemporary of the Prophet, but it is
doubtful whether he was a Companion. The family was allied to the Umayyads in
pre-Islamic times. Abu al-A`war later excelled as governor and army commander in
the service of Umar, 'Uthman, and Mu'awiyah b. Abi Sufyin. See Lecker, Bann
Sulaym, 118, 136-40, and passim; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 263-64; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 175, 178; idem, Tabaqat, 51, 308.
1296. An Angari (Khazraji) Companion of the Prophet, one of the famous horsemen. There is, however, disagreement over his name. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 100; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 38; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 142-43.
286 Biographies
Abu Masud al-Ansari, `Ugbah b. `Amr.1297
[2537]
287
Umm Sharik.
Her name was Ghaziyyah bt. Jabir b. Hakim.
Umm Ayman.
Her name was Barakah, and she was a client of the Prophet.
Umm al-Fadl, Lubabah al-Kubra bt. al-Harith b. Hazn.
She was married to al-`Abbas b. `Abd al-Muttalib.
Umm Ma'bad.
Her name was `Atikah bt. Khalid b. Khulayf, of the Khuzd'ah.
She is the one of whom it was reported that the Prophet passed by
her [place] and she gave him hospitality and described him to her
husband.
Umm al-Darda' al-Kubra, Khayrah bt. Abi Hadrad al-Aslami. [2538]
Umm Bishr b. al-Bars' b. Ma`rur, Khulaydah bt. Qays b.
Thabit.1303
288 Biographies
His kunyah was Abu al-Hasan after his son al-Hasan.
Tallhah b. `Ubaydallah.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad after his son Muhammad.
Al-Zubayr b. al-`Awwam.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah after his son `Abdallah.
Sa'd b. Abi Waggas.
His kunyah was Abu Islhaq after his son Ishaq.
Sa'd b. Zayd.
His kunyah was Abu al-A`war.1305
`Abdallah b. al-`Abbas.
His kunyah was Abu al-`Abbas after his son al-`Abbas.
Al-Fadl b. Al-`Abbas.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad after his son Muhammad.
Al-Husayn b. `Ali [b. Abi Talib].
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah after his son `Abdallah. The
latter was killed together with his father , al-Husayn.1306
289
`Abdallah b. Masud.
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Rahman after his son `Abd alRahman.
Al-Migdad b. al-Aswad, of the Bahra'.
His kunyah was Abu Ma`bad.
Khabbab b. al-Aratt b. Jandalah b. Sad b. Zayd Manah b. Tamim.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah after his son `Abdallah.
Hatib b. Abi Balta`ah of the Lakhm.1307
He was an ally of al-Zubayr b. al-`Awwam. According to alWagidi, his kunyah was Abu Muhammad, whereas Yahya holds
that it was Abu Yahya.
Al-Arqam b. Abi al-Arqam, of the Makhzum.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah. Abu al-Arqam's name was `Abd
Manaf.
Ubayy b. Ka`b.1308
His kunyah was Abu al-Mundhir.
1307. A tribe of southern origin, from which the royal clan of al-H-irah was also
descended; see In Hazm, Jamharat, 422-23. Hitib was an ally of a certain family
in Mecca, where he lived, and was an early convert. He died in the year 30/650-51.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 70; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 42; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 323; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 300.
1308. An Ansari Companion and secretary of the Prophet, credited with knowledge of the ancient scriptures and said to have participated in the collection of the
Qur'an; he died in Medina in the year 32/652-53. See Watt, Bell's Introduction, 37,
45, 49, 55; Jeffery, I14-16; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 31; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 143;
idem, Tabagat, 88-89; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 31; al-Sayrawan, 49; al-A`zami,
Kuttab al nabi, 42-44.
290 Biographies
1313. There were two Ansaris bearing this name, apparently confused by Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 354; cf. Ibn I3ajar, Isabah, I, 193-94. Here the reference apparently is to Thabit b. al-Dahhak b. Khalifah of the `Abd al-Ashhal, Abu Zayd, who died
in the year 45/665-66; see In Hibban, Mashahit, 68.
291
'Uthman b. I lunayf.
[2540]
292 Biographies
His kunyah was Abu Qirsafah, but some hold that it was Abu alAsqa', whereas Abu Qirsafah was [the kunyah of] Jandarah b.
Khayshanah.1318
Ma'qil b. Yasar.1319
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah. The canal Nahr Ma'qil in alBasrah is called after him.1320
Qurrah b. Iyas, Abu Mu`awiyah.1321
Safwan b. al-Mu`attal.1322
His kunyah was Abu `Amr.
Al-`Irbad b. Sariyah, Abu Najih.1323
Al-Mughirah b. Shu`bah.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
`Imran b. Husayn.1324
1318. Of the Kinani clan the Banu Layth. He belonged to the Ahl al-Suffah, that
is, the group of poor Companions. He lived in al-Basrah and died in Syria in the year
83/702-3. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 292; idem, Tabaqat, 174-75; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 86; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 272. See also Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 189;
al-Dulabi, I, 49; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, V, 149-50.
1319. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Muzaynah tribe. He lived in alBasrah, where he was associated with the governor of Iraq Ziyad b. Abihi and died
during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 202; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 246; idem, Tabaqat, 37; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 66; Ibn
Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 129.
1320. See Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, IV, 845; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 129; alBaladhuri, Futnh (Ridwan), 352.
1321. A Companion of the Prophet, of the tribe of Muzaynah, who was killed in
al-Basrah in a battle against the Khawarij in the year 64/683-84. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 37, 176; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 72.
1322. A Companion of the Prophet, of the tribe of Sulaym. He was accused of a
liaison with the Prophet's wife `A'ishah, but Qur'anic verses exonerated `A'ishah
(the hadith al-i fk). He lived in al-Basrah and was killed in a raid in the Jazirah in the
year 19/640. See Lecker, Bann Sulaym, 91-92; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 216;
idem, Tabagat, 51; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 59; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 342, 452.
1323. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Sulaym, said to have been appointed
by Muhammad as tax collector of his clan. He later lived in Syria and died in the
year 75/694-95 or before. See Lecker, Banu Sulaym, 94-98, 156; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 52; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 87.
1324. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Khuza`ah. He lived in al-Basrah and
officiated as governor there and died in the year 52/672. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 49, 106, 128, 217; idem, Tabagat, 106; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 66.
Sulayman b. Surad.
His kunyah was Abu Mutarrif. His name had been Yasar, and
the Prophet renamed him Sulayman when he embraced Islam. 1325
Salamah b. al-Akwa'.1326
His kunyah was Abu Iyas after his son Iyas. According to Yahya,
it was Abu Muslim.
`Abdallah b. Abi Awfa.1327
His kunyah was Abu Mu`awiyah.
[2541]
294 Biographies
1333. Counted among the Ansari Companions. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 49, knows
of only one tradition transmitted by him.
1334. Or, Thabit b. Yazid, counted among the Ansari Companions. See Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 80; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 196, 197.
1335. An eminent Ansari Companion (Khazraji), one of the Prophet's scribes,
expert on the Qur'an and religious law. According to a certain tradition, he was the
first to collect the Qur'an already in Abu Bakr's lifetime. He lived in Medina;
various versions of the year of his death are given, in the period 42-55/662-74. See
Watt, Bell's Introduction, 40-56, and passim; "Kur'an," EP, V, 404-6 (A. T. Welch); Jeffery, 223-25; F. Sezgin, I, 401-2; al-A'zami, Kuttab al-nabi, 65-67; alSayrawan, 92-93; Waki', I, 107-IO; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 156, 157; Ibn al-Jazari,
I, 296; Ibn al-Nadim, I, 47-48.
1336. An eminent Ansari Companion reputed to have been in possession of a
document in which the Prophet wrote the details of the legal alms, blood money,
and other precepts. He was appointed by the Prophet to administer Najran and died
during `Umar's caliphate or after the year 50/670. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 5 32; Ibn
IIibban, Mashahir, 45; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 529; Mustafa, I, 155
295
296 Biographies
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah after his son `Abdallah.
Sa`d b. `Ubadah, Abu Thabit, according to Yahya.
Qays b. Sa'd b. `Ubadah.1342
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Malik.
Sahl b. Sa'd al-Sa`idi.1343
His kunyah was Abu al-`Abbas after his son al-`Abbas.
[2542] `Abdallah b. Salam.1344
His kunyah was Abu Yusuf. His name had been al-I;Iusayn, but
the Prophet renamed him `Abdallah when he embraced Islam.1345
`Abdallah b. al-Zubayr b. al-`Awwam.
His kunyah was Abu Bakr after his son Bakr. According to another version, his kunyah was Abu Khubayb.
Al-Miswar b. Makhramah.
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Rahman after his son `Abd alRahman.
`Umar b. Abi Salamah b. `Abd al-Asad.
His kunyah was Abu Hafs.
`Amr b. Hurayth.
His kunyah was Abu Said.
Hatib b. Abi Balta'ah.
1342. Son of the Khazraji leader Sad b. `Ubadah, a Companion of the Prophet,
and supporter of `Ali, who appointed him chief of the shurtah (quasi-police) and
governor of Egypt. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 101; al-Kashshi, 102-3; Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, III, 249; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim; al-Kindi, 23-25.
1343. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Ansar (Khazraj), and the last Companion to die in Medina, in the year 88/707 or 91/709-10. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 98; Ibn Hibban, Mashahrr, 48.
1344. A Jewish convert and Companion of the Prophet credited with deep
knowledge of the ancient scriptures and Islamic religious law. He died in the year
43/663-64. See "Abd Allah b. Salam," EI2, I, 52 (J. Horovitz); F. Sezgin, I, 304; Ibn
al-Nadim, I, 42,11,937; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 8; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 36;
al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 266.
1345 . See note 234, above.
297
298
Biographies
Al-Ash'ath b. Qays.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad after his son Muhammad.
Tamim al-Dart, that is, Tamim b. Aws b. Kharijah.1351
His kunyah was Abu Ruqayyah.
`Amr b. Ma`di-karib.1352
His kunyah was Abu Thawr.
Hani' b. Yazid, the father of Shurayh b. Hani'.1353
His kunyah was Abu Shurayh.
It was reported that in pre-Islamic times his kunyah was Abu alHakam (father of the arbitrator), because he used to act as arbitrator among his people. When he embraced Islam the Prophet gave
him the kunyah Abu Shurayh.1354
[2543]
1352. A famous warrior, poet, and tribal chief among the Yemeni tribe Zubayd.
He embraced Islam in the year 9/630, apostatized, returned to Islam, and died in
the battle of al-Qadisiyyah (there are other versions of his death date). See Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 411; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 74; al-Razi, 37, 583; Abu alFaraj al-Isfahan, XIV, 24-40; Ibn Nubatah, 306-12.
13 5 3. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Yemeni tribe al-Harith b. Ka`b; see Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 417. His son Shurayh was a jurist and a supporter of All, who
entrusted him with certain offices. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 82; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 597. For Shurayh, see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 166; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, IV, 1079; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, X, 303-4.
1354. Cf. note 234, above. The previous kunyah was perhaps improper because
al-Hakam is an epithet of God; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 597.
13 5 5. An early convert, a tribal noble (sharffl, unifier and leader of the Bajilah,
who died in the year 51/671. See Crone, Slaves, 114-15; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 116-17, 138, 318; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 76; Ibn Hanbal, Fada'il, 891-93
299
Ya`la b. Murrah.1360
According to Yahya, his kunyah was Abu al-Marazim, but alWagidi holds that Abu al-Marazim was the kunyah of Ya`la b.
Umayyah.
Labid b. RabI'ah, the poet.
His kunyah was Abu `Agil.
1356. The reference is to Sad b. Abi Waggas, and the occasion was the battle of
al-Qadisiyyah; see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2357, 2361.
1357. Or the Prophet's client; he was of Persian, or bedouin, origin. There are
twenty-one versions of his name. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 22, 190; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 71; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 480; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 58.
1358. A Companion of the Prophet, of the northern tribe Ghifar, resident of alBasrah. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 33, 175; In Hibban, Mashahir, 72.
1359. Counted among the Companions, although some doubted that he had
ever seen the Prophet. He was a Kindi, lived in Hims, and died in the year 87/706
or, according to Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, during the caliphate of `Abd al-Malik. According to
Abu Zur'ah, 237, 240, he was associated with al-Walid b. `Abd al-Malik. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 72, 304; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 91; In Hajar, Isabah, III, 455; Ibn Manznr, Mukhtasar, XXV, 222-24.
1360. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Thagif, resident of al-Basrah. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 53, 131; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 78.
300 Biographies
Qarazah b. Ka`b.1361
His kunyah was Abu `Amr.
Huwaytib b. `Abd al-`Uzza b. Abi Qays.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
Malik b. al-I luwayrith al-Laythi.1362
His kunyah was Abu Sulayman.
Hudhayfah b. al-Yaman.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
301
Hudhayfah b. al-Yaman.
He was known by the name of his great-grandfather's grandfather. He was [actually] the son of Husayl b. Jabir b. Rabi ah b.
`Amr b. Jirwah b. al-I.Iarith b. Qutay`ah b. 'Abs b. Baghid. Jirwah b.
al-Harith is the Yaman who fathered Hudhayfah. He was thus
1365. He was an ally of the Bann Zuhrah of the Quraysh. See al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 295; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 140-41.
1366. His identity is uncertain, except that he was of the Sulaym , and the
identification between him and Dhu al -Yadayn is uncertain as well; see Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, I, 422-23; cf. Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`ari f, 140-41. Note that at the beginning of
the entry al-Tabari takes Dhu al-Shimalayn and Dhu al-Yadayn to be one and the
same person.
1367. A Qurashi Companion who died in the year 9/630 (before the Prophet); see
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 91-92.
1368. A rather obscure Companion, counted by some scholars among those
killed at Badr, according to others he died in the year 30/650-51 or 38/658-59. See
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 191-92 s.v. Safwan b. Wahb; Ibn Sa`d, III/1, 303; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh , 18; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 225.
302 Biographies
[2545]
303
1379. A Qurashi Companion, of the Bann Makhznm, who lived in Medina; see
Ibn Sa`d, V, 18.
[2546]
304 Biographies
Abu Maymunah, a client of Umm Salamah, the Prophet's
wife.138o
He was the reader of the people of Medina in his time. It was
with him that Nafi` b . Abi Nu`aym1381 studied.
Abu Salihh al -Samman, that is, al-Zayyat ( the oil seller), a client
of the Ghatafan or, according to another version , of a woman of
the Qays named Juwayriyyah.1382
He is also known as Abu Suhayl , and his name was Dhakwan.
Abu Salih Badham, a client of Umm Hani ', daughter of Abu
Talib.1383
305
1387. In Sa`d VI, 158; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 210; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XVII,
360-63. He figures in yet other sources, but only Ibn Hibban, Thigdt, V, 458, has
the information that he was a Kufan and a Shi`i, executed by the governor al-Hajjaj.
According to Dodge, in Ibn al-Nadim, II, 1091, he was a genealogist; Dodge refers to
Ibn al-Nadim, I, 205, but there is no way of identifying the genealogist Abu Salih
mentioned there. Abu Zayd's Tabagat al-nassdbin records no genealogist named
Abu Salih.
1388. A Kufan traditionist; see al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XM, 462-65.
1389. His name was Said b. `Abd al-Rahman, and apparently he was a client. See
Ibn Sa`d, V, 223; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 538.
139o. A Kufan, client of the Kindah, who was with `Ali in the battle of
Nahrawan, against the Khawarij. See al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXIX, 197-98; Ibn Sa`d, V,
223.
1391. Rudayh b. `Atiyyah of the Quraysh, said to be the muezzin of [the mosque
in] Jerusalem (mu'adhdhin bayt al-magdis). See Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 234-35;
Abu Zur`ah, 448; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 292; Ibn Abi Hatim, 1/2, 518. His kunyah
was also Abu al-Walid; cf. al-Wasiti, 14, 36, and passim.
1392. A client of the Tayyi' who lived in al-Basrah and later in al-Yamamah and
died in the year 129/746-47; see Ibn Sa`d, V, 404.
1393. Al-Dulabi, II, 1o has Qaylubah. Ibn Sa`d, VII/i, 165, and Abu Zur`ah, 479:
Qayluyah.
1394. A Basran and a Shi`i, who studied Qur'an exegesis from `Abdallah Ibn
`Abbas; he died after the turn of the first century. See Abu Zur'ah, 479; Ibn Hibban,
Thiqat, V, 458; al-Sadr, 23.
[2547]
306 Biographies
307
308 Biographies
His name was `Imran b. Taym; according to another version,
`Imran b. Milhan.
[2548] Abu al-Mutawakkil al-Naji.
His name was `Ali b. Du'ad.
1411. A Basran traditionist who was either a Kindi, an Azdi, or a Kinani and
supported `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr in the second civil war, dying in the year
128/745-46 (there are other versions ). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 403; idem,
Tabagat, 215; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 154-55; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, VI, 346.
1412. Khawlan was a branch of the southern Saba ' or of the Quda` ah; see alSam'ini, II, 419. Abu Muslim was a Syrian ascetic and Qur'an reader who, during
the caliphate of Mu`awiyah, embraced Islam and died. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 307; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 181; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`ari f, 194; Abu Zur`ah,
226, 227 (= 690); Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XII, 55-67; Abu Nu`aym, II, 122-31.
309
31 0 Biographies
[He was] the client of `Umar b. `Abd al-`Aziz.
[His name was] Fayruz.
[2549] Abu Jamrah, the companion of Ibn `Abbas. 1419
[His name was] `Imran b . `Ata'.
Abu Ja`far al-Bajali, who transmitted [traditions] to Mu`tamir b.
Sulayman.1420
[His name was] Musa b. al-Musayyib.
Abu Balj, Yahya b. Sulaym, or Yahya b. Abi Sulaym. According
to another version, Yahya b. Abi al-Aswad.1421
Abu al-`Udhafir, Da'ud b. Dinar.1422
[Abu Layla].1423
311
1431. Al-Dulabi, I, 127; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, III, 296. Al-Fazari was the hafiz
Marwan b. Mu`awiyah, a descendant of the leading family of the Fazarah. He lived
in al-KUfah, Mecca, and Damascus and died in the year 194/809-1o (there are other
versions). See al-Sam`ani, IV, 380; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXIV, 224-26.
312 Biographies
[His name was ] Yahya b. 'Abd a1-Rahman al-Tamimi.
Abu Maryam, `Abd al-Ghaffar b. al-Qasim.1432
Abu al-Mu'alla al-'Attar.1433
His name was Yahya b. Maymun.
[2550]
313
Hayydn.1446
1443. A Syrian, counted among the Companions. According to Abu Zur`ah, 695,
his name was al -Mughirah b. Farwah. He died before the year 113/731-32. See also
Abu Zur`ah, 327; In Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 6.
1444. A Kufan of the northern Sulaym tribe who was a Khariji but renounced
the creed later in life. He died during the second quarter of the eighth century. See
Ibn Sa'd, VI, 208; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 290-91.
1445 . A Kufan Successor of the southern tribe Zubayd of whose name there are
several versions . He died during the caliphate of `Abd al-Malik. See al-Dhahabi,
Mizdn, III, 377 (Abu Kabir); al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 219-20.
1446. A transmitter of the first half of the eighth century who originated in
Khurasan and lived in al-Mada'in. See al-DUlabi, II, 154; Ibn 'Ad!, VII, 2704; alDhahabi, Mizdn, III, 285-86; cf. 309, where he is called Yazid b. Hayyan (read
Hayyan for Hibban).
1447. A slave, or client, of the Banu Asad in al-Kufah, who died in the year
100/718-19. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 158; In Hibban, Mashahir, 176;
In Sa`d, VI, 88.
1448. There are several versions of the name. He was a Kufan, some say, a Shri,
who died in the year 133/750-51. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 163; al-Mizzi,
Tahdhib, XXXIV, 303; al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, III, 382.
1449. A Basran traditionist of the first half of the eighth century who belonged
to the Ragash, a group from the northern Qays `Aylan. See al-Mizzi, Tahdhib,
XXXII, 166-67; al-Sam `ani, III, 81.
314
Biographies
315
145 5. A Qurashi of the Hashim! clan, a jurist . See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabaqat,
231; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III, (DUn), 295.
1456. The fourth Umayyad caliph , founder of the Marwanid branch of the Umayyads, reigned 64-65 /684-85. See "Marwan b. al-Hakam," E12, VI, 621-23 (C. E.
Bosworth); Strayer, Dictionary, s.v. "Marwan (I) ibn al-Ilakam" ( L. Conrad); Hammarneh; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 125-60; al-Munajjid , 158-59.
1457. Another version of his kunyah is Abu al -Qasim; he thus bears both the
name and kunyah of the Prophet . He was the son of the close Companion of the
Prophet Talhah b. `Ubaydallah and known for his piety . He was killed in the battle
of the Camel on `A'ishah's side. See In Qudamah, 322-24; Khalifah b . Khayyat,
Tabagat, 233; Ibn Iiibban, Mashahfr, 45; In Sa `d, V, 37-39.
1458. Of the Hudhayl, nephew of the Companion `Abdallah b. Mas`nd. He acted
as the leader of prayer (imam) and a judge in al-Kufah and died in the year 73/69293 or 74/693 - 94. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 266, 271; idem, Tabagat, 14142; Ibn liibban, Mashahlr, 166; Waki `, II, 402-4.
1459. A son of the Kind! prince al-Ash`ath b . Qays and father of the rebel `Abd alRahman b . Muhammad. He was a leader of the Kindah and governor of Tabaristan
for `Ubaydallah b. Ziyad, then of Mosul for `Abdallah b . al-Zubayr. He fell in battle
against al-Mukhtar in the year 67/686-87. See Crone, Slaves, 110; "al-Ash`ath b.
I.ays," E12, VII, 400-1 (G. R. Hawting ). al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, V, 241, 251-54, 2596o; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 146; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 166. He must not be
confused with the early `Abbasid general, Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath b . `Ugbah alKhuza'i.
316
Biographies
317
Thabit al-Bunani.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad and his [full] name Thabit b.
Aslam.
Ka`b b. Mati`, that is, Ka`b al-Ahbar.
His kunyah was Abu Ishaq, and he belonged to Himyar.
`Ata' b. Yasar, the client of Maymunah, the Prophet's wife.1468
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
Qabisah b. Dhu'ayb.1469
His kunyah was Abu Ishaq or, according to another version,
Abu Said.
1467. A Basran of the Azd confederation who participated in the revolt of `Abd
al-Rahman Ibn al-Ash'ath and was killed in battle. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 281, 286; idem, Tabagat, 205; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 149; idem, Thigat, V,
224.
1468. A jurist, traditionist, storyteller (gass), and judge who lived in Medina and
Syria. (It is not certain that he was a judge: The sources sometimes confuse gadf,
with gass, the two words being graphically similar, and he was not recorded by
Waki`. He died in Alexandria in the year 103/721-22 (there are other versions. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 354; idem, Tabagat, 247; In I Iibban, Mashdhir, r 14;
`Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 174; al-Sayrawan, 128; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XVII, 8o83.
1469. Of the Khuzi'ah; a jurist and traditionist, responsible for the postal (and
spying) services (band), as well as the seal (khatam), under the caliph `Abd alMalik b. Marwan. He died in the year 86/705 (there are other versions). See Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 236; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 293, 302; idem, Tabaqat, 309;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 106-7; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 356; Abu Zur'ah, 405, 408;
Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXI, 63-64.
318 Biographies
`Urwah b. al-Zubayr.1470
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
His full brother, al-Mundhir b. al-Zubayr.1471
His kunyah was Abu `Uthman.
Mus`ab b. al-Zubayr.1472
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
Muhammad b . Jubayr b. Mut`im.1473
His kunyah was Abu Said.
`Abd al-Malik b. Marw5n.1474
His kunyah was Abu al-Walid.
319
320 Biographies
`Ikrimah, the client of Ibn `Abbas.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
Shu'bah, the client of `Abdallah b. `Abbas. 1480
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
Miqsam, the client of `Abdallah b. al-Harith b. Nawfal b. alHarith b. Abd al-Muttalib.1481
He is considered the client of Ibn `Abbas because he was close to
him. His kunyah was Abu al-Qasim.
Nabhan, the client of Umm Salamah.1482
His kunyah was Abu Yahya.
Nd'im b. Ujayl, the client of Umm Salamah.1483
His kunyah was Abu Qudamah.
Suwayd b. Ghafalah, Abu Umayyah.
`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla.1484
His kunyah was Abu `Isa.
Zirr b. Hubaysh.1485
148o. Shu'bah b. Dinar; he lived in Medina and died around the year 100/718-19
(there are other versions). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 280; Ibn Sa'd, V, 217;
al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XII, 497-500.
1481. He died in the year 101/719-20. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 332;
idem, Tabagat, 281.
1482. A Medinan of the second half of the seventh century. See Ibn I;Iibban,
Thigat, V, 486; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 246.
1483. An early Egyptian transmitter and, according to Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, X,
360, also a jurist (although faqih may mean "intelligent"), who died in the year
80/699-700. See Ibn Sa`d, V, 219; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 485.
1484. A 12afiz, a descendant of the Aws (Ansirj, of some standing in al-Kufah
(but see Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 216, where rivals of his son refute the genealogy,
and see p. 282, above). He died in the year 83/702-3, participating in the revolt of
`Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
150; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 164; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, IVa, 232; Ibn IIazm, Jamharat, 335; al-Sayrawan, fro.
1485. A member of the northern tribe Asad, who lived in pre-Islamic times and
embraced Islam only after the Prophet's death; he became a supporter of All b. Abi
Talib. In addition to transmitting traditions, he was an expert on the Arabic language. He died during the revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath, in the year 82/701-2. See Ibn
I;Iajar, Isabah, I, 577; al-Kashshi, I, 241, III, 25; Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabagat, 140;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 161; idem, Thigat, IV, 269.
321
1486. A hafiz and judge, counted as one of the Himyar . It was reported that he
was appointed judge of al-Kufah by `Umar and held the post for seventy -five years
(! ) He died in 80/699-700 . See Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`ari f, 191-92; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 145; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 16o; Wak! `, II, 189-398; al-Sayrawan, ioi.
1487. A Kufan jurist and ascetic of the rather obscure, northern tribe Thawr,
who died in the year 63/682 -83. See Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 201; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 141; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 16o; Abu Nu`aym, II, 105-19.
1488. A Kufan, of the northern tribe `Abs, who died around the year 70/689-90.
See Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabagat, 143 ; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 169.
1489. A client of a Qurashi clan. He was black, crippled , blind, and a highly
regarded 1lafiz and jurist . He lived in Mecca, where he died in the year 115/733-34
or 116/ 734-35 . See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 361; idem, Tabagat, 280; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 133; al-Ja`di, 58-59; al-Sayrawan, 127-28.
[25541
322
Biographies
Maymun b. Mihran.1491
His kunyah was Abu Ayyub.
Mishrah b. `Ahan, Abu Mus`ab.1492
Wahb b. Munabbih.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
His brother, Hammam b . Munabbih.149a
His kunyah was Abu `Utbah.
Ma`gil b. Munabbih, their brother.1494
His kunyah was Abu 'Uqayl.
1494. The least known of the Banu Munabbih, usually mentioned only as
"brother of Wahb and Hammam." See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 287; Ibn Sa'd,
V, 396; al-Ja'di, 57. See also note 986, above.
1495. In spite of his ancestry, he was not a Shi`i, and perhaps this is why Sunni
sources state that he was superior to his brother Abu Hashim (leader of the
Hashimiyyah movement). He is said to have been the first to discuss Murji'I views
and to put them in writing. He lived in Medina and died in the year 99 or 100/71819. See F. Sezgin, I, 594-95; In Hibban, Thigat, IV, 122; Ibn Sa`d, V, 241; alDhahabl, Siyar, IV, 13o; al-Shahrastani, 106.
323
His kunyah was Abu a1 -Nadr, and the name of Abu `Arubah was
Mihran.
Ismail b. Ibrahim, Ibn `Ulayyah.1499
His kunyah was Abu Bishr.
Al-Mu`tamir b. Sulayman al-Taymi.lsoo
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
1496. A famous jurist and hafiz of Persian origin who lived in Medina and died
in the year 119/737 (there are other versions ). See "Nafi`," EI2, VII, 127-28 (G. H. A.
Juynboll); Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 191 ; idem, Tabagat, 256; In Hibban,
Mashahir, 129; al-Sayrawan, 179.
1497. A member of the northern tribe Hilal who is variously said to have lived in
Khurasan, al-Kufah, and other places. He was an expert on the Qur'an and a teacher
and died in the year 105/723-24 (there are other versions). See F. Sezgin, I, 29-30;
In al-Nadim, I, 75,11, 977; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 311; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 308; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 201 -2. In al-Jazari, I, 337; al-Sayrawan, 239;
Nuwayhid, I, 237.
1498. A client of the northern Banu Yashkur, a branch of Bakr b. Wa'il; see Ibn
Hazm, famharat, 308. He was a Basran jurist and a Qadari and died in the year
156/772 - 73 (there are other versions ). See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh, 457; idem,
Tabagat, 220; Ibn I Iibban, Mashahir, 149; al- Sayrawan, 96; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif,
222.
1499. A Baghdadi, client of the northern tribe Banu Asad . He was appointed over
the court of grievances (mazalim ) in Baghdad, and died in the year 194/8o9-1o. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 503; idem, Tabagat, 224, 328; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
255; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 221.
15oo. Son of the Basran traditionist and historian and client of the Sulaym (or
Murrah) Sulayman b . Tarkhan (or Tahman; but this version is due perhaps to a
confusion between him and another Abu al -Mu`tamir, Yazid b. Tahman, see p.
313, above ). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 493; idem, Tabagat, 224-25; Ibn
Ijibban, Mashahir, 253; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 209; al-Sayrawan, 175; Ibn Sa`d,
VII/2, 45.
324 Biographies
Mu`adh b. Mu`adh.1501
His kunyah was Abu al-Muthanna.
Hawdhah b. Khalifah.1502
His kunyah was Abu al-Ashhab.
`Abbad b . Suhayb al-Kulaybi.1503
His kunyah was Abu Bakr.
[25 5 51 Musaddad b. Musarhad.1504
His kunyah was Abu al- Hasan.
`Amr b. Murrah, Abu `Abdalldh.1505
`Amr b . Dinar, Abu Muhammad al-Athram, the client of
Badham, or Badhan, Khusraw 's governor of the Yemen.1506
Sulayman b . Arqam, Abu Mu`adh.1507
15 Or. A Barran jurist, hafiz, and judge of the Tamimi clan the Banu al-'Anbar.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh, 480, 495, 501, 503; idem, Tabagat, 226; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 253; Waki `, II, 137-43.
1502. A descendant of Abu Bakrah who lived in al-Bakrah and Baghdad and died
in the year 215 /830-31 or 210/825-26. See Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'ari f, 226; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 257.
11503. A Barran of the Tamimi clan Kulayb b. Yarbu; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
225. He held Qadari views. He died around the year 212/827-28 . See al-Dhahabi,
Mizdn, II, 10; Ibn `Adi, IV, 1652-53.
1504. A Barran hafiz, of the Asad tribe , who died in the year 228/842-43. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 229; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 229 ; Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 57;
al-Sayrawan, 172.
1505. A Kufan jurist of the southern tribe Murad who died in the year 118/736;
see Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 333
1506. There are several persons by the name `Amr b. Dinar. The one meant here
was a jurist and mufti in Mecca who died in the year 126/743-44. See Khalifah b.
Khayyit, Tabagat, 281; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 137; al-Razi, 582; Ibn Sa' d, V, 35354; al-Ja'di, 59-60; Wham or Badhan, who had been governor of the Yemen for
Khusraw and later for the Prophet , was killed during the latter's lifetime; see Ibn
Hajar, Isabah , I, 170.
1507. A Basran of Ansari origin , apparently of the first half of the eighth century;
see Ibn `Adi, III, 11oo-5. Al-Dhahabi, Mizan, I, 409, records an odd piece of information: "He was a client of the Qurayzah and al-Nadir "; both were Jewish Medinan tribes , the former exterminated, the latter exiled from Medina by the Prophet
more than a century before Sulayman 's time. Perhaps the reference is to former
ties of his family with the Jews in Medina.
325
326 Biographies
Jabalah b . Suhaym, Abu Suwayrah.1515
Ismail b . Abi Khalid, Abu `Abdallah.1516
Yazid al- Faqir, Abu `Uthman.1517
Al-Waled b. Muslim. is18
Khalid al-Hadhdha' transmitted [traditions] from him. [His
kunyah was] Abu Bishr.
[2556] Da'ud b. AbI Hind, Abu Bakr.1519
Ja'far b . Maymun, Abu a1-`Awwam.1520
Aim al-Jahdari, Abu al-Mujashshir.ls21
Iyas b. Mu`awiyah, Abu Wathilah.1522
1515. A client of the Shayban, a branch of the Bakr b. Wa'il . He lived in Iraq and
died during the caliphate of Hisham. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 386; idem,
Tabaqat, 161 ; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 170.
1516. An important traditionist, a client of the Bajilah, who died in al-Kufah in
the year 145/762-63. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 450; idem, Tabaqat, 167; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 178; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 211 ; al-Safadi, IX, 115.
1517. Yazid b. Suhayb al-Kufi. An early transmitter of the first half of the eighth
century. See Ibn Sa`d, VI, 213; al-Dulabi, II, 28; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 535.
1518. A Basran Successor of the Tamimi clan the Banu al-`Anbar , of the first half
of the eighth century. He must not be confused with the much more famous person
of the same name, whose kunyah was Abu al-`Abbas ( see Mustafa, I, 129(. See Ibn
Hibban, Thigat, VII, 554; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, III, 276.
1519. A client of the northern Qushayr; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 289 . He was of
Khurasani origin, a ha fiz, Qur'an reader and commentator, and a mufti. He lived in
Sarakhs and al-Basrah and died in the year 138/755-56 (there are other versions).
See Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 20; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 177; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
445; idem, Tabagat, 218; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 238; Ibn al-Nadim, I, 75, II, 979;
Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 211 ; al-Sayrawan, 86, 229; Nuwayhid, I, 181-82.
1520. Or, Abu `Ali. A Basran Tamimi transmitter of the first half of the eighth
century. See Ibn `Adi, II, 562; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, II, 93; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, VI,
135.
1521. `Asim b. al-`Ajjaj orb. Abi al-Sabah (there are other versions of the name); a
Basran Qur'an reader who died in the year 129/746-47 . See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 411; idem, Tabaqat, 214; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 152; al-Dhahabi, ML-an,
II, 4; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 349.
1522. Of the northern Muzaynah tribe; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 203. He was
judge of al-Basrah for Umar II and died after the year 120/738. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 330- 31; idem, Tabagat, 212; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 241; Waki`,
1, 312-74
327
'Amr b. Shu`ayb.1524
His kunyah was Abu Ibrahim.
`Ata' b. al-Sa'ib.1525
His kunyah was Abu Zayd.
Harm b. 'Antarah, Abu 'Amr.1526
Mis'ar [b. Kidam], Abu Salamah.
Al-Aswad b. Qays, Abu Qays.1527
IHafs b. Ghiyath, Abu `Umar.1528
'Imran b. Uyaynah, Abu Muhammad.1529
Al-Nadr b. Abi Maryam, Abu Labid.1530
1523. There are various versions of his tribal affiliation ('Abd al-Qays, Jarm, or
Kindah). He was a Successor and must not be confused with the fifth Shi'i imam.
See Ibn Hibban, Thigat, IV, 249; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 10o-1.
1524. A descendant of the Qurashi Companion and statesman 'Amr b. al-'As,
who died in the year 118/736 in al-Ta'if. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363;
idem, Tabaqat, 286; al-Zubayri, 411.
1525. His kunyah is variously given as Abu Zayd, Abu Yazid, and Abu al-Sa'ib.
Some call him a Kul an, whereas according to others he originated in Medina and
lived in Marw. He was a client of the northern tribe Thagif, a hafiz, and a Qur'an
reader and died in the year 136/753-54. See Ibn IIibban, Thigat, VII, 251-52; alDhahabi, Siyar, VI, 110-14; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 513; al-Sayrawan, 128; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 164; Nuwayhid, I, 346.
1526. Or Abu 'Abd al-Rahman or Abu Waki'. He was a Kufan traditionist, accused of lying and inventing traditions . See al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXX, 100-2; alDhahabi, Mizan, III, 247.
1527. A Kufan transmitter of the first half of the eighth century. See Ibn Hibban,
Thigat, IV, 32; In Hajar, Tahdhib, I, 298.
1528. Of the Nakha' tribe. Ahafiz and judge in al-Kufah and Baghdad who died
in the year 194/809-10 (there are other versions). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
501; idem, Tabagat, 170; Ibn Ilibban, Mashahir, 272; al-Sayrawan, 8o; Ibn
Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 222-23; Waki', III, 184-88.
1529. A Knfan of the middle or late eighth century, brother of the famous traditionist Sufyan b. 'Uyaynah, of the northern Hilal tribe. See Ibn Hibban, Thiqat, VII,
240; Ibn Iiajar, Tahdhib, VIII, 120-21; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, II, 278 (read 'Uyaynah
for 'Ayyah).
1530. Read Linah for Labid. He apparently lived in the first half of the eighth
century; see In Abi Hatim, N/1, 476.
328 Biographies
[He was] a Kufan, and the name of his father, Abu Maryam, was
Tahman.
`Ubayd b. Nudaylah, Abu Mu`awiyah.1531
Da'ud b. AbI Hind.
His kunyah was Abu Bakr, and the name of his father, Abu
Hind, was Dinar.
'Asim b. Sulayman al-Ahwal.1532
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Ralhman, and he was a client of the
Banu Tamim.
Al-Nahhas b. Qahm.1533
His kunyah was Abu al-Khattab.
[2557] Haywah b. Shurayh.1534
His kunyah was Abu Yazid al-Tujibi.
Thawr b. Yazid.1535
His kunyah was Abu Khalid.
15 31. Orb. Nadlah. He was a Kufan Qur'an reader of the Khuza`ah who died in
the year 74/693-94. See In Hibban, Mashahfr, 171; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
271; idem, Tabagat, 15o; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 498.
1532. A client of the Tamim, a hafiz, who was overseer of measures and scales
(muhtasib) in al-KUfah for the caliph al-Mansur, then a judge in al-Mada'in. He
died in the year 141 or 142/759-60. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 218,325; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahfr, 57; Waki', III, 132; al-Sayrawan, IoS; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif,
222.
329
Al-Layth b . Sa `d.1536
His kunyah was Abu al-Harith.
Rishdin b. Sa`d.1537
His kunyah was Abu a1-Hajjaj.
`Isa b . Yunus b. Abi Ishaq al-Sabi 1 .1538
His kunyah was Abu `Amr.
Muhammad b. Yusuf al-Firyabi.1539
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
1539. A client of the Dabbah who originated in Firyab, a village near Balkh and
moved to Caesarea in Palestine, where he died in the year 212/827-28. He was
associated with Sufyan al-Thawri. See al-Sam`ani, IV, 376; al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, III,
151; Abu Zur'ah, 26, 280; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXM, 371-74.
1540. A client of the Taman who originated in Khurasan then settled in
Baghdad, later in Palestine, and died in the year 220/835. See Ibn Hibban , Thigat,
VIH, 134; Ibn Sa 'd, VII/2, 186.
1541. A client of the Azd (or of the Azdi chief al-Muhallab b . Abi Sufrah), who
lived in Mecca and died in the year 206/821 -22. He is said to have been a Murji' and
a forger of Prophetic traditions . See Khallfah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 284; Ibn Sa`d, V,
367; al-Dhahabi, Mfzdn, II, 145-47; idem, Siyar, IX, 434-36.
330 Biographies
Al-Fudayl b. `Iyad.1542
His kunyah was Abu `Ali.
331
Faraj b . Fadalah.1548
`Ali b. al-Ja`d.1550
His kunyah was Abu al- Hasan.
Surayj b . al-Nu`man, the pearl trader.1551
His kunyah was Abu al-Husayn.
Bishr b . al-Harith al-'Abid (the ascetic).1552
His kunyah was Abu Nasr.
Al-Haytham b. Kharijah.1553
His kunyah was Abu Alhmad.
Yalhya b . Yusuf al-Zimmi.1554
1548. A Ilimsi traditionist , who was appointed head of the treasury ( bayt almal) during al-Mahdi's caliphate and died in the year 176 /792-93. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 474; idem, Tabagat, 316; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXIII, 155-64; Ibn
Manzur, Mukhtasar, XX, 263-64 . See also El'ad, n. 152.
1549. Aliafiz and Qur'an reader of Ansari descent who died in the year 108/72627. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 327; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 224; alSayrawan, 65.
15 50. A client of the Banu Hashim or of the caliph Abu al- 'Abbas' wife, Umm
Salamah . He was a 1 afiz and died in Baghdad in the year 230/844-45 . See Khalifah
b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 329; Ibn Qutaybah , Ma`arif, 229 ; al-Sayrawan, 131.
1551. A Khurasani who lived in Baghdad and died in the year 217/832-33. See
Ibn I Iibban, Thigat, VIII, 306-7; al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, I, 270; idem, Siyar, X, 219-20.
1552. A famous Baghdadi ascetic, also known as Bishr al-Ilafi (the barefooted),
who died in the year 227 /841-42. See In Sa`d, VII/2, 83; al-Qummi, II, 152 - 55; alDhahabi, Siyar, X, 469-77; Abu Nu 'aym, VIII, 336-60.
15 5 3. He originated in Khurisan, then lived in Baghdad and in Syria, and died in
the year 227/841-42 . See Ibn Sa'd, VII, 83; al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, XIV, 58-59.
1554 . He originated in Zimm , a village in Khurisan, and lived in Baghdad, where
he died in the year 225/839-40 (there are other versions) . See Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 87
(read al-Zimmi for al-Raqqi); al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, XIV, 166-67; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXII, 60-62.
332
Biographies
[25591
333
334
Biographies
335
Safwan b. Sulaym.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
157o. A client of the Qurashi clan Makhzum (or of the Ashja`), who lived in
Medina and Egypt and died in a maritime raid in the year 122/740. Al-Dhahabi,
Siyar, VIII, 174, says he was a jurist. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 298; idem, Thigat,
VII, 641; In Hajar, Tahdhib, XI, 342.
1571. A client of [the family of ] 'Umar b . al-Khattab, a Qur'an reader, and interpreter, said to have used his personal judgment (ra'y) in his interpretations . He died
in the year 136/753-54 . He must not be confused with the Companion of the
Prophet of the same name. See In Hibban , Mashahir, 130; al-Dhahabi, Mfzan, I,
361; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 296; al-Sayrawan, 232.
1572 . Also a client of [the family of] `Umar b . al-Khattab who lived in Medina
and transmitted to Ibn Shihab al -Zuhri (d. 124/741-42), among others . See Ibn
Hibban, Thigat, IV, 198; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, VIII, 28-29.
1573. A jurist who lived in Medina and died in the year 135/752 - 53. He was
suspected of holding Khariji or Qadari views. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 437;
idem, Tabagat, 259; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 215; al-Dhahabi, Mfzan, I, 317; idem,
Siyar, VI, 1o6.
[256o]
336 Biographies
Salih b. Kaysan.1574
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
Muhammad b. Abi Harmalah. 15 75
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah; he was a client of the Banu
`Amin b. Lu'ayy.
Yahya b. Said a1-Ansari.1576
His kunyah was Abu Yazid.
Musa b . `Ugbah.1577
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
Asid b. Abi Asid, the client of Abu Qatadah al-Ansari.1578
His kunyah was Abu Ibrahim.
Salih b. Muhammad b. Za'idah al-Laythi, a genuine member of
the Layth.1579
His kunyah was Abu Wagid.
1574. A client of the northern Banu `Amir (there are other versions) and an
important Medinan jurist. He served as instructor to Umayyad princes and died
after the year 140/757-58. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 216; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 263; Muhammad In Habib, Mulhabbar, 477; al-Sayrawan, 103.
15 7 5. A client of the Qurashi family of Huwaytib b. `Abd al-'Uzza who lived in
Medina and died after the year 130/747-48. See Ibn Hibban, Thigdt, V, 365; alMizzi, Tahdhib, XXV, 47-48.
1576. Many people bore this name, but only one Ansari. His kunyah was, however, Abu Said (none of these people bore the kunyah Abu Yazid; see al-Bandari
and Hasan, IV, 208-9 ). He was a mufti and judge in Medina for the Umayyads, then
in al-Hashimiyyah for the second `Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur. He died in the year
144/761-62. See al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, XIV, 101-7; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, V, 468-81.
1577. A client of the Zubayr family, a haft-7, and one of the earliest historians.
He lived in Medina and died in the year 141/758-59 (there are other versions). See
F. Sezgin, I, 286 -87; Duri, Rise of Historical Writing, 32-33 (and n. j); Krenkow,
"Note"; Mustafa, I, 158-59; al-Sayrawah, 177; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 267;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 131.
1578. According to In Hajar, Tahdhib, I, 300, his kunyah was Abu Ayyub, and
he died during the caliphate of al-Mansur (136-58/754-75). There is a confusion
between him and another man of the same name, nicknamed al-Barrad ; see also
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 253.
1579. That is, not a client or a confederate. He was a Medinan, also known as
Abu Wagid al-Laythi, who took part in the jihad in Syria (against the Byzantines)
and died after the year 145/762-63. See al-Dhahabi, Mizan, I, 459; Ibn Mansur,
Mukhtasar, XI, 38.
337
338 Biographies
His kunyah was Abu Yazid. He transmitted [traditions] from
Anas b. Malik and [Sa'id] b. al-Musayyab.
End of the excerpts from the book The Supplement to
the Supplemented, Praise be to God, Lord of the
Heavens and the Earth, may He bless His Messenger,
our master Muhammad, and his family
46
Bibliography of Cited Works
340 Biographies
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358
358
359
359
359
360
360
362
362
363
364
364
364
364
364
fl
364
364
364
'Abdallah b. Ahamad
All i95,
Abu Bakr b. 'Abd al-Raman
Abu Burdah, rother
Abu Mab'ad
Abu Maryam al-Filastini
Abu Ma'attib
Abu Muslim al-Khurasanmi
Abu Na'aym
Abu al-Sal'ib
Abu $afi
Abu Salih, Sumay'
Abu al-Sha'tha
Abd al=Aziz
Abd al-Hamid b. Jubayr
Abu Ma'bad
Abu Maryam al-Filastini
Abu Mu'attib
Abu Muslim al-Khurasani
Abu Nu'aym
Abu al-Sa'ib
Abu Salih
Abu Salih, Sumay'
Abu al-Sha'tha'
365
Abu 'Abaydah
Abu 'Ubaydah
365
Abu 'Uthman
Abu Yahyaa
'Abi
a'lan
All b. Zayd b. Juan
'Alqamah b. Qays al-Nakhai
'Ammar b. Zurayq
'Amr b. All
Anbash
'Aqil
'Atikah
Aws b. Miy'ar
Bahr b. Kaniz al-Sgaa'
al-Bagarhi, Abi 'Ali, Makhlad b . Ja'far xviii
Abu 'Uthman
Abu Yahya
'Adi
a'1dm
'Ali b. Zayd b. Jud'an
'Alqamah b. Qays al-Nakha'i
'Ammar b. Ruzayq
'Amr b. 'Ali
'Anbasah
'Aqil
'Atikah
Aws b. Mi'yar
Bahr b . Kaniz al- Sagga'
al-Bagarhi, Abu'Ali, Makhlad b. Ja'far xviii, xix
371
Bilal b . Rabahh
Bilal b. Rabah
371
blood revente
clients, clients
blood revenge
client, clients
Jahdam. See
al-Muhabbar
duel 23 n . 104, 33
hadith al-kisd'
5o
Hammam 97
Harithah b. al-Harith
Harithah
al-Hurr b. al-$ayyah
al-Husayn b. 'Abdallah
al-Husayn b. Abi al-Husayn
al-Husayn b. 'Ali
al-Husayn b. Zayd
al-Husayn b . Mu'allim
Mahmud
ihram
Ibrahim
365
365
366
367
367
367
367
368
i
Ad al-'Aziz
Abd al-Hamid b. Jabayr
'Abd al-Raman b. 'Abdallah
Abd al-Raman b. Abi
'Awf
368
369
370
370
370
372
372
373
373
375
Jadam. See
381
381
al-Muabbar
duel 33
hadith al-kiss'
5ok
Hammad 97
Harithah b. al-Harirh
Harithah
al-Hurr b. al-Sayyah
al-Husayn b. 'Abdallah
al-Husayn b. Abi al-Husayn
al-Husayn b. 'Ali
al-Husayn b. Zayd
al-Husayn b. Mu'allim
Mamud
'ihram
Ihrihim,l
Iyad
Ja'far b. Abi Sufyamn
Mahmud b. Muhammad
Jamil b. Martyhad
Jebril
382
fibril
Khalid b. Said b. al-'As
385
Malik b. A'sur
Malik b. A'sur
375
375
376
376
378
378
378
378
378
378
379
380
380
381
381
381
'Iyad
Ja'far b. Abi Sufyan
Ja'far b. Mahmud b. Muhammad
Jamil b. Marthad
3-5
ivi Anal
385
405
406
386
402
Omissions
Mu'8dh b. 'Abdallah's paternal uncle 153
Umm Kulthum bt. Asma' bt. AN Bakr * 279
385
386
386
387
387
387
387
388
388
389
389
389
389
390
390
390
390
390
390
390
391
391
393 , line 3
393
393
393
393
394
394
394
394
394
395
396
396
397
398
398
398
400
400
400
401
402
402
402
403
403
404
404
404
404
405
Mawsu'at atraf
Maymunah bt. al-Harith
Miqsam, client of Abdallah
Mu'adh
Mubarak b. Fadalah
al-Mughirah b. Abd al-Rahman
Muhammad b. Abdallah
Muhammad b. Amr b. 'Abd al-Rahman
Muhammad b. Ishaq
Muhammad b. Jubayr b. Mut'im
Mujammi
Mulayh
Mulaykah
al-Mundhir b. Abi Usayd al-Sa'idi
Murji'ah
Murrah
Musa b. Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman
Musa b. 'Ugbah
Mus'ab
Mus'ab
Mutarrif b. 'Abdallah al-Yasari
nawh
Filastin
2:238
al-Qurtubi, 'Arib b. Sa'd
Quss
al-Rabi' b. Khuthaym
Abd al-Rahman
Rubayyi' bt. al-Nadir
Ruqayqah bt. Abi $ayfiyy
Sadaqah b. Khalid
adaq
Sa'd b. Lu'ayy b. Ghalib
sahabah
Salim b. Abi Hafsah
Sarrar b. Muhammad b. Ismail
Sufyan
sunnah
sunnah
tabagat
Tujib (tribal group)
Ubaydah bt. Nabfl
Ukashah
Umm Anmar
Umm Ishaq bt. Talhah
Umm al-Masakin
Ugayl
Wahb b. Rabi ah
al-Walid II
Yahya b. Abi Kathir
Ibn Main
Yahya b. Ya'la al-Muharibi
Ya'qub
Yunus b. 'Abd al-AU
Zaynab bt. Abi
Zur'ah bt. Mishrah
16
Index
to
The index includes all names of persons, places, and groups, as well as
technical terms, legal issues, and titles of books mentioned in the text.
Genealogical chains are not included.
Bold numbers indicate the places of the main entries, or definitions, of
the terms. Where a name or topic occurs in both the text and footnotes on
the same page, only the page number is given. An asterisk (*) indicates a
figure who is mentioned in the text only as a transmitter.
The definite article (al-, the) and the abbreviations b bt. (son of,
daughter of) are disregarded for the purpose and of alphabetization.
A
Aban * 203
Aban (tribal group) 254
Aban b. $alih * 146
Aban b. Taghlib * 230
Aban b. 'Uthman 59
Aban b. 'Uthman * 6o
'Abayah b. Rifa'ah b. Rafi' 334
'Abbad b. 'Abbad al-Muhallabi 330
'Abbad b. 'Abdallih * 13
'Abbad b. al-'Awwam * 203
'Abbad b. Suhayb al-Kulaybi 324
'Abbad b. Tamim * 132
al-'Abbas * 259, 293, 299
al-'Abbas b. 'Abdallah b. al-'Abbas 54
al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib 19, 20,
21, 24-25, 6o, 62, 66, 95, 97, 98,
99, 111, 155, 167, 185, 186, 194,
Index
358
Index
Abd al-Rahman b. `Abdallah b.
Muhayriz * 118
`Abd al-Raman b. Abdallah b.
`Uthman. See Ibn Umm al-Hakam
`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi `Amrah 35,
283
`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Bakr 291
`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla 310, 320
Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla * 207
Abd al-Rahman b. Abi al-Muwali 168
Abd al-Raman b. Abi Said al-Khudri
229, 319
`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Said al-Khudri
* 57
359
36o
Index
Index
'Abdallah b. Muhammad * 5, 182
`Abdallah b. Muhammad b. `Amr alGhazzi * 150
`Abdallah b. Muhammad b. 'Agil 334
`Abdallah b. Muhammad b. Ibrahim.
263
`Abdallah b. Muhammad b. 'Imran
131
`Abdallah b. Sulaym 94
361
`Abdallah b. Thabit 34
`Abdallah b. Ubaydallah b. al-`Abbas
55
`Abdallah b. `Umar. See In `Umar
`Abdallah b. Uraygit 138, 142, 172
`Abdallah b. 'Urwah b. al-Zubayr 334
`Abdallah b. Utbah b. Masud 315
`Abdallah b. Wahb. See Ibn Wahb
`Abdallah b. Warga'. See Ibn Warga'
`Abdallah b. Yasir 29
`Abdallah b. Yazid al-Ansari 268
`Abdallah b. Yazid al-Hilali 201
`Abdallah b. Yazid al-Hudhali * 81
`Abdallah b. Yazid b. Qantash 337-38
`Abdallah b. Yunus al-Jubayri * Io9
`Abdallah b. Zam'ah 76
`Abdallah b. al-Zubayr * 17
Abjar 57
abna' (of the Yemen) 94, 227, 299
Abrahah, the Abyssinian 24 n. io8
Abrahah, the slave girl 178-80
Abraham, the patriarch 37 n. 171, 43
n. 195, 148, 204
'Abs (tribe) 3o n. 138, 133, 321 n. 1488
al-Argam 281
Abu `Ayyash al-Zuragi, Zayd b.
al-Samit 285
Abu al-`Abbas. See al-Saffah
Abu `Abdallah al-Jadali 275-76, 306307
Abu `Abd al-Rahim b. al-`Ala' * 205
Index
362
Index
Abu Hanifah xix, 238, 25o-52, 264,
331
Abu Harb * 120, 121
363
364
Index
Index
Abu Sinan * i19
Abu Sinan al-Razi 313
Abu Sirmah * 57
Abu Sufyan b. I;Iarb 48-49
Abu Sufyan b. al-Harith 19, 21, 62
Abu Sufyan, Talhah b. Nafi' 311
Abu Sufyan, Tarif al-Sa'di 311
Abu Suhayl. See Abu Salih al-Samman
Abu Talhah, Zayd b. Sahl 12, 1.63
Abu Talib 196, 309 n. 1414
Abu Talib, 'Abd al-Salam b. Shaddad
214
Abu Tamimah * 124
Abu al-Tayyah * 159
Abu al-Tayyah, Yazid b. Humayd 312
Abu Tumaylah * 5, 218
Abu Turab (nickname of 'Ali b. Abi
Talib 224)
Abu 'Ubayd, Sulayman's doorkeeper
156
Abu 'Ubayd al-Thagafi 205
Abu 'Abaydah b. al-jarrah 15 n. 56,
281
365
366
Index
`Adnan 7 n. 25
Adul (tribal group) irr
'Adwan (tribal group) 275
`Affan * 223
`Affan b. Abi al-`As 198
Afghanistan 237 n. 1040
al-Aghlab al-'Ijli 94
ahl al-bayt. See Family of the Prophet
ahl al-dhimmah 23 n. 99
ahl al-kitab. See Possessors of the
Scriptures
ahl al-suffah 292 n. 1318
Ahmad b. `Abd al-Rahman al-Harrani
* 109
Ahmad b. Ishkab * 15 5
Abroad b. Khalid al-Khallal * 252
Ahmad b. Makhlad * 260
Ahmad b. Musa * 207
Ahmad b. Shabbuyah (or Shabbawayh)
* 252, 257
Ahmad b. `Uthman b. Hakim * 115
Ahmad b. al-Walid * 256
Ahmad b. Yunus * 268
Ahmur (tribal group) 220
al-Ahnaf b. Qays 123 n. 568, 267
al-Ahnaf b. Qays * 70
al-Al}sa'. See Hajar
`A'isha bt. `Abdallah al-Akbar 235
`A'ishah bt Sad * 39
`A'ishah, wife of the Prophet 22 n. 96,
28 n. 126, 105 n. 499, 165, 170,
171-74, 176, 181, 19o, 198, 272,
277, 280, 291 n. 1315, 292 n.
1322, 315 n. 1457
`A'ishah, wife of the Prophet * 12, 13,
167, 183, 279
Index
`Ali b. Ja'd 3311
`Ali b. al-Madyani * 221, 240, 244
`Ali b. Malik al-Jushami * 267
`All b. Muhammad . See al-Mada'inl
`Ali b. Mujahid * 51, 212
`Ali b. Musa * 101
`Ali b. Muslim * 174, 226
`Ali b. Sahl al-Ramli * 96, 223, 225
`Ali b. Shuayb al-Simsar * 199
`Ali b. Suwayd b. Manjuf * 267
`Ali b. Yahya * 134
`Ali b. Zayd b. Juan 28o n. 1271
`All b. Zayd b. Jud`an * 222, 280
`Ali Zayn al-'Abidin, see also `Ali b.
al-Husayn 54 n. 244
`Alids, `Alid family 212 n. 916, 234 n.
Io18, 245 n. 1084
367
368
Index
Amr b. Jahm 67
Amr b. Ma'di-karib 91, 298
Amr b. Murrah 324
Amr b. Murrah * 119
Amr b. al-Musabbih 86-87
Amr b. Qays b. Za'idah. See Ibn
Umm Maktum
Amr b. al-Rabi' 13
Amr b. Said al-Ashdaq 334 n.
1564
`Amr b. Salimah 268-69
Amr b. Sha's 146
Amr b. Sha's * 146
Amr b. Shu'ayb 327
Amr b. Shu'ayb * 187
Amr b. Sulayman al-'Attar * 251
Amr b. Thabit * 27
Amr b. Ubayd " 223
Amr b. Udd (tribe) 125 n. 577
Amr b. Umayyah al-Damri 18o
Amr b. Uthman b. 'Affan 335
Amr b. Yahya ` 154
Amr b. Yahya al-Mazini * 133
Amrah bt. Abd al-Rahman * 167,
171, 186
Amwas 95, 281 n. 1273
Anas * 273
'Arafat 64 n. 295, 98
arbitration 88 n. 422, 233 n. 1011, 273
n. 1231
Index
Asad (tribe) 9 n. 30, 175 n. 786, 231,
248, 313 n. 1447, 314 n. 1450, 320
n. 1485, 323 n. 1499, 324 n. 1504,
325 nn. 1509, 1513
369
370
Index
Babbah 96
Badham, governor of Yemen. See
Badhan
Badhan, governor of Yemen 324
Badr 10, 11, 13, 18 n. 70, 19, 20, 21 n.
91, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 35 n
161, 36, 38, 40, 44, 47, 48, 57, 58,
6o, 62, 66, 69, 71, 73, 76 n. 361,
77, 93 n. 451, 101, 103, 117, 133,
134 n. 620, 135, 136, 155 n. 696,
162, 164, 167, 177, 19o, 198 n.
862, 205, 301
Baghdad 246 n. 1089, 249, 253, 264,
265, 323 n. 1499, 324 n. 1502, 327
n. 1528, 329 n. 1540, 33o n. 1547,
331 nn. 1550-54, 332 n. 1555, 333
n. 1560, 334 n. 1567
Index
Barrah bt. Samaw'al 185
Bashir b. `Amr. See Abu `Amrah
Bashir b. Salman * Io9
Basil b . Dabbah 94 n. 458
Barrah, Basran 63, 71, 72, 76, 8o, 96,
104, 147 n. 663, 151, 159 n. 718,
16o n. 721, 215, 218, 221 n. 959,
224, 231 n. 1005, 236, 239 n.
1055, 241, 244 n. Io8o, 249 n.
1105, 252 n. 1116, 256, 258, 259,
260, 266 n. 1190, 271 n. 1217,
272, 276 n. 1249, 277 n. 1254, 278
n. 1262, 280 n. 1271, 282 n. 1277,
284 n. 1286, 292, 295 n. 1339, 297
n. 1349, 299 nn. 1358, 1360, 300
n. 1362, 305 nn. 1392, 1394 307
nn. 1403-404, 14o6-407, 308 no.
1409, 1411, 309 n. 1418, 31o n.
1419, 311 n. 1427, 312 n. 143437, 313 n. 1449, 316 nn. 1464-66,
317 nn. 1467-68, 323 n. 1500, 324
nn. 1501-504, 1507, 326 nn.
1518-22, 328 n. 1533, 330 nn.
1545, 1547, 333 n. 1559
al-Batha' 46
Batriyyah 258 n. 1148, 277 n. 1256
al-Batts 252
Bayadah b. 'Amir (tribal group) 135
bayat al-nisa' 162 n. 731
Bayd 172
al-Bayda', mother of Suhayl 301
al-Bayda'. See Umm Hakim bt `Abd alMuttalib
Bayt fibrin 19 n. 74
bayt al-mal. See treasury
Bedouin(s), 9 n. 30, 11 n. 41, 18 n. 69,
21 n. 90, 3o n. 138, ror n. 482,
109 n. 517, 121 n. 558, 217 n. 939,
220, 299 n. 1357
Beirut 255
the Bible 136
Bilal b. Rabahh 44, 290
Bilal b. Yasar * 100
Bilqis 255
Bi'r Maunah 122 n. 559
Bishr b. Adam * 152
Bishr b. 'Amr 247
371
C
Caesaria 329 n. 1539
the Camel, battle of 27, 28, 31, 86, 94,
105, 113, 138, 198, 247, 272 n.
1223, 273 n. 1226, 274, 277, 291
n. 1315, 315 n. 1457
372
Index
carrion meat 15 1
Cemetery of Khayzuran 253
Children of Israel 212
Christian Arabs 244 n. 1077
Christians, see also Possessors of the
Scriptures 23 n. 99, 129, 136, 241
n. 1063, 264
civil war, first 193, 294 n. 1332
civil war, second 52 n. 230, 77 n. 371,
95 n. 465, 96 n. 466, 105 n. 499,
119 n. 550, 131 n. 6o6, 275 n.
1243, 295 n. 13411, 308 n. 141'
clients, clients 116, 25, 26, 31, 33, 66,
98, 99, Iron. 520, 112, 113, 114,
155, 173, 176, 18','88, 194, 199,
200, 205, 209, 213, 215, 216, 221,
230, 2311, 233, 237, 238, 239, 2411,
244, 245, 248, 249 n. 1103, 250,
252, 254, 255, 256 n. 1136, 256 n.
1138, 259, 263 n. 1170, 264, 265,
277 n. 1256, 282 n. 1278, 287,
299, 300, 303, 304, 305 no. 138990, 1392, 306, 307, 308 n. 1410,
309 nn. 1415-16, 1418, 310, 311
Index
Da'ud (King David) 123
Da'ud * 207
Da'ud b. Abd al-Rahman al-Makki
133
Da'ud b. Abi Hind 310 n. 1422, 326,
328
Da'ud b. Abi Hind * 83, 120, 121, 182
373
Muttalib 197-98
Dubay`ah (tribe) 31o n. 1419
duel 33
Duhman b. al-Harith (tribal group)
171
F
Fadalah al-Laythi 120
Fadalah al-Laythi * 120, 121
374
Index
al-Farawi * 226
Index
H
Habbar b. al-Aswad 4, 77-79, 163
Habib * 146
Habib b. Abi Thabit 325
Habibah bt. Abi Umamah 303
Habibah bt. `Ubaydallah 177
Haddar 155
al- Midi, the caliph 265 n. 1183
liadith al-ifk 292 n. 1322
hadith al-kiss'. See Tradition of the
Covering
Hadramawt 89 n. 431, 135 n. 625, 148,
234 n. 1019
Ilafn 194
Hafs b. Ghiyath 311, 327
Ilafs b. Ghiyath * 273
Hafs b. Maymun * 5 6
Ilafs b. 'Umar * 39, 245
Hafs b. 'Umar al-Hawdi * 97
Hafs b. `Umar al-Shanni * ioo
Hafsah bt. Shin * 125
I;Iafsah bt . 'Umar b. al-Khattab 17475, 190
Hajar 32
al-Hajir 2611
Hall 129
al-Hajjaj * 215
al-Hajjaj b. Abi Mani' * 109
al-Hajjaj b. al-Muhajir * 154
al-Hajjaj b. Muhammad * 269, 280
al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf 511, 77 n. 367, 209 n.
903, 224, 228, 233 n. 1015, 248 n.
375
Hammad 97
Hammam b. Munabbih 227 n. 986,
322
Hammam b. Yahya 198
Hamra al-Asad, raid of 58
Ilamzah al-Isfahan xx, xxi
Index
376
Index
al-Hasan b. Salih 258-59
al-Hasan b. Sawwar * 131
al-Hasan b. Usamah b. Zayd 192
al-Hasan b. Yasar. See al-Hasan alBasri
al-Hasan b. Zayd b. al-Hasan 260-61
Hasa. See Hajar
Hashim (the Prophet's clan) 19, 23 n.
103, 25, 39, 55 n. 248, 59 n. 264,
6o, 62 n. 285, 64, 95 n. 461, 98,
102 n. 488, 210, 277, 331 n. 1550
Hashim, Banu, siege of 55, 103 n. 491,
161, 199
Hashim b. 'Asim al-Aslami * 70, 71
Hashim b. Utbah al-Mirgal 31, 32, 35,
io8
Hashimi family, see also Hashim 260
377
378
Index
Hizam b. Khuwaylid 41
Hubayrah b. Abi Wahb 196, 197
Hubayrah al-Makshuh 91
Hubaysh b. Khalid 138
Hubaysh b. Khalid * 138
Hubshi b. Junadah 84, 127-28
Hubshi b. Junadah * 128
Hudaybiyyah 10, 11, 38, 44, 45 n. 203,
107
Hudayn b. al-Mundhir al-Ragashi
266-67
Iludayr b. Abi Mahdhurah 48
Iludayr family 245
Hudhayfah b. al-Yaman 30, 133, 300,
301-302
Hudhayl (tribe) 61, IIO, 203 n. 877,
315 n. 1458
al-Hudhayl b. Hubayrah 166 n. 748
Hujr b. 'Ad! 148 n. 668, 274
al-Hulb b. Yazid al-Ta'i 302-303
I Iumayd b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf
244
Humayd b. Hilal * 70, 122
Humayd b. Mas'adah al-Sami * 134
Humayd b. Tarkhan. See Humayd
al-Tawil
Humayd b. Thawr al -Hilali 1126
Humayd al-Tawil 309
Humaymah 236 n. 1029
Humaynah bt. Abi Talhah 277
Hunaydah b. Khalid al-Khuza'i 145
Hunaydah b. Khalid al-Khuza i * 145
Ilunayn 111, 20, 21, 24, 34, 43, 46, 61,
62, 64, 73, 79 n. 376, 82, 10I, 105,
Io6, 108, 112 , 115, 127, 192
Huraymilah bt. 'Abd al-Aswad 67
Ilurayth b. Yasir 29
a1-Husayn b. b. al-Harith 24
al-Husayn b. Numayr 53 n. 240, 274
al-Husayn b. Ubayd 137
al-Husayn b. Ubayd * 137
al-Husayn b. Zayd b. 'Ali b. al-Husayn
330
al-Husayn al-Mu'allim * 69
Huth 268
Huwaytib b. Abd al-'Uzza 42, 43-46,
300, 336 n. 1575
Huwayy al-Saksaki 33
Huzaylah bt. al-Harith 201
Hypocrites 9, 132 n. 612, 156
Ibad 244
Ibn al-'Abbas 25, 54-57, 74, 88, 95,
III, 215, 216, 217, 227 n. 985,
Index
Ibn `A'ishah * 237
Ibn al-Ash`ath 209 n. 903, 228, 248,
271, 276, 282 n. 1278, 315 n.
1459, 317 n. 1467, 32o nn. 1484,
1485
379
380
Index
Index
Ismail b. Masud al-Jahdari * 226
Ismail b. Muhammad b. `Ali 236
Ismail b. Muhammad b. Sa'd * 23,
177
Ismail b. Musa al-Suddi * 99, 128
Ismail b. 'Ulayyah. See Ismail b.
Ibrahim, Ibn 'Ulayyah
Ismail b. Yahya al-Ma`afiri * 146
Isma'iliyyah. See Shi`ah, Ismaili
isnad xxv, xxvii
al-'Is, raid of 14 n. 54
Isra'il * 116, 119, 122, 145, 197, 200
Istakhr 267 n. I190
J
Jabalah (tribal group) 87 n. 418
Jabalah b. Harithah 7
Jabalah b. Suhaym 326
381
Jayda' 49
Jazirah, see also Mesopotamia 92, 264,
292 n. 1322, 322 n. 1491
Jerusalem 159, 305 n. 1391, 318 n.
Index
382
Ji`ranah 79, 188
K
Ka`b al-Ahbar 206-207, 272 n. 1219,
3117
Ka`b b. Malik 291
Ka'b b. Mati`. See Ka`b al-Ahbar
Ka`b b. Rabi`ah (tribal group) 137, 141,
142, 145
Ka`b b. Sharahil 8
the Ka`bah 7 n. 24, 8, 9 n. 29, 37, 51,
64, rob n. 501, Io9 n. 516, 132,
135, 166, 167, 174
Kabathah b. Aws 73
Kabul 237
Index
Khalifah b. Farwah 166
Khalifah b. Khayyat xv, xvi, xviii n. 9
al-Khalil b. Ahmad 278
Khallad b. Rifd'ah b. Rafi' 134
Khandamah 165
al-Khandaq. See the Ditch
khardj tax 322 n. 1491
Kharif (tribal group) 220
Kharijah b. al-Harith * 58
Khariji doctrines xix, 217, 335 n. 1573
Khath`am 201, 202 n. 873
Khatmah (a clan of the Aws) 34
Khawarij 86 n. 412, 217, 273 n. 1231,
292 n. 1321, 305 n. 1390
Khawlah bt. `Awf. See Hind bt. `Awf
Khawlah bt. al-Hudhayl 166
Khawlah bt. Ja`far al-Hanafiyyah 208
Khawlan (tribal group) 308 n. 1412
Khaybar 5 10, 11, 66, ,6o, 185, 203
Khayrah 222
383
Index
384
L
Labid b. Rabi' ah 83, 299
Lakhm (tribe) 289, 302
Layla bt. Mas'ud 271
al-Layth * 97, 154, 195, 196, 221
al-Layth b. Abi Sulaym 332
al-Layth b. Bakr (tribal group) 611, 119
n. 552, 138, 16o n. 721, 165 n.
743, 291 n. 1317, 292 n. 1318, 300
n. 1362, 303, 304 n. 1381, 336
al-Layth b. Sa'd 322 n. 1492, 329
al-Layth b. Sa'd * Io1, 156
al-Layth (lexicographer) 25o n. 1109
legal alms 82, 83, 91, 129, 223, 294 n.
1336
Lift (a wadi) 1172
Living Sunnah 243 n. 1074
lizards, killing of 204
locusts, killing of 1127
M
Ma'add 7
Ma`awil 241
Ma'bad b. al-'Abbas 75, 96, 201
Ma'bad b. Khalid 294
Mabur, brother of Mariyah 194
al-Mada'in 99, 313 n. 1446, 328 n.
1532, 330 nn. 1545, 1546
al-Mada'in, battle of 88
al-Mada'ini xxiv
al-Mada'ini * 39, 49, 50, 51, 54, 56, 57,
59, 75, 169, 209, 211, 212, 222,
224, 225, 230, 236, 249, 256, 260,
267, 271
Madan * 257
Madan b. al-Aswad 9o
Madhar 271
Madhhij (tribal group) 29, 85, 91, 266,
272
Makhlad * 268
Makhlad b. ja'far. See al-Bagarhi
Makhramah b. Bukayr * 169
Makhramah b. Nawfa142-43, 69, 297
Makhzum (a clan of the Quraysh) 17,
29 n. 132, 47, 59 n. 267, 67 n. 311,
8o n. 380,95 n. 461, 111, 116, 125
n. 577, 168 n. 756, 281 n. 1274,
303 n. 1379, 314 n. 1454, 316 n.
1462, 335 n. 1570
Malik b. Abi Maryam * 147
Malik b. `Amin 29, 116
Malik b. Anas 217, 226, 245 n. ,o82,
249,252,261-63
Malik b. Anas * 55, 132, 243, 261
Index
Malik al-Ashtar. Seer al-Ashtar alNakha`i
Malik b. A `sur. See Bahilah
Malik b. Aws * 183
Malik b. Dinar 237
Malik b. al-Harith. See al-Ashtar alNakha i
Malik b. Hisl (tribal group) 185
Malik b. Huwayrith 300
Malik b. Ismail * 2,12
Malik b. Mighwal 3111
Malik b. Numayr al-Khuzai * 145
Malik b. Nuwayrah 83
Malik b. Udad (tribal group) 29
Malik b. Zayd b. Shadad 25 5
Maliki school 245 n. 1082
M`mar * 218
Ma`mar b. Rashid * 12, 108, 112, 167,
174,176,1190,240,265
Ma`n (tribal group) 6, 87 n. 416
Ma`n b. `Isa al-Qazzaz * 127, 199, 243
Mansur * 137
al-Mansur, Abu Ja`far, the caliph 234
n. 1017, 235, 245 n. 1084, 246,
248, 249, 253-54, 255, 258 n.
1150, 260, 261, 262, 277 n. 1258,
304 n. 1382, 328 n. 1532, 334 n.
1567, 336 n. 1576, 337 n. 1583
Marwan * 157
385
Index
386
Mecca, conquest of (continued)
Index
291 n. 1316, 292 n. 1319, 293 n.
1329, 294 n. 1332, 295 no. 1340,
1341, 297, 300 n. 1361, 308 It.
1412, 316 n. 1466, 318 n. 1471
Mu`awiyah b. `Ammar al-Duhni * 6o
Mu`awiyah b. Sakhr 73
Mu`awiyah b. Salih * 147
Mu`awiyah II, the caliph 216 n. 932
Mubarak (place) 241
Mubarak b. Faalah 307
Mudar 34 n. 151, 52 n. 233, 88 n. 424,
91, 266, 284 It. 1285
al-Mudhayyal, see also the Supplemented lot, xxi, Xxii, xxiii, 36,
53
al-Mufaddal b. `Abdallah * 230
mufakharah 123 n. 564
mufti 244, 255, 261, 324 n. 15o6, 326
n. 1519, 33o n. 1543, 336 n. 1576
al-Mughirah * 273
al-Mughirah b. `Abd al-Raman 168
al-Mughirah b. Migsam * 223
al-Mughirah b. Shu'bah 38-39, 84,
169, 174, 292
al-Muhajir b. Abi Umayyah 8o-81
al-Muhajir b. Mismar * 8o
al-Muhajir b. Yazid 337
al-Muhajir b. al-Zubayr 193
Muhajirun. See Emigrants
al-Muhallab b. Abi Sufrah 316, 329 n.
1541, 33o n. 1547
Muhallabi family 316 n. 1463
Muhammad * 202
Muhammad b. Aban * 15 2
Muhammad b. `Abd al-`Aziz * 157
Muhammad b. `Abd al-Rahman * 186,
195
387
Index
388
Muhammad b. Bakkar * 240
Muhammad b. Bakr * 15 8
Muhammad al-Baqir. See Abu Ja`far,
Muhammad b. `Ali
Muhammad b. Bashshar. See Ibn
Bashshar
Muhammad b. Da'ud * 215
Muhammad b. al-Fadl b. al-`Abbas
118
Index
389
287, 289 n. 13o8, 29o rm. 131012, 291 nn. 1314-15, 292 n. 1323,
Muhammad b. 'Umarah b.
Khuzaymah * 91, 131
Muhammad b. Umar b. 'Ali * 38, 167,
,68
Muhammad b. 'Umar b. al-Hayyaj
156
Muhammad b. Umar. See al-Wagidi
Muhammad b. Ugbah * 56
Muhammad b. Wahb b. Abi Karimah
al-Harrani * 205
Index
390
Murad (tribe) 91, 92 n. 444, 266, 324
n. 1505
Musliyah 75
mustahzi'un 117
1332, 318
1522
Muzdalifah 266 n. 1188
314
Mushir b. 'Abd al-Malik * 151
Muslim b. Budayl * 151
Index
Nabhan, client of Umm Salamah 320
al-Nabighah al-Ja'di 1126, 254 n. 1126,
302
al-Nadir (Jewish tribe) 165, 185, 324 n.
1507
391
n-1314,303
partnership 20 n. 84
pensions, see also dfwan, `ata' 66, 84,
92, 99, 195 n. 849, 270, 274
People of Pharaoh 212
perfumes, wearing of 179, 203
Persia 29 n. 134
Persians 22 n. 95, rob
Index
392
Q
Qabisah b. Dhu'ayb 317
Qabisah b. Hulb 302
Qabisah b. Mukhariq 297
Qadari doctrines xix, 223, 324 n. 1503,
328 n. 1535, 335 n. 1573
Qadariyyah 223, 226, 323 n. 1498
Qadisyyah, battle of 22, 69, 85, 86,
Qudayd 172
Qur'an 24 n. 108, 46, 54 n. 242, 11o n.
517, 122, 131 n. 6o5, 135, 157 n.
707, 216, 221 n. 961, 223, 228 n.
988, 231 n. 1005, 237, 238, 247 n.
1091, 248, 254, 265 n. 1184, 268
n. 1197, 280, 284 n. 1287, 293 n.
1329, 294 n. 1335, 304 n. 1383,
305 n. 1394, 307 n. 1403, 309 n.
1417, 312 n. 1434, 323 n. 1497
Qur'an, collection of 22 , 284, 289 n.
13o8, 294 n. 1335
Index
Qur'anic verses: 2:12 - 213 n. 920; 2:80
- 152 n. 686; 2:138 - 224; 2:184 116; 2:2o5 - 207; 2:23 - 280; 2:285
- 280; 3:104 - 258 n. 1149; 3:114 258 n. 1149; 5:59-61 - 178 n. 796;
7:133-127 n. 587; 7:157-258n.
1149; 7:200 - 159 It. 720; 8:6 - Zoo
n. 867; 9:7 - 152 n. 686; 9:33 - 169
n. 803; 9:67 - 258 n. 1149; 9:71 258 n. 1149; 9:112 - 258 n. 1149;
16:120 - 37 n. 171; 17:24 - 226;
22:41-258 n. 1149; 23:97-159n.
720; 30:3 - 263; 31:17 - 258 n.
393
R
Rabab * 125
Rabab bt. Imri' al-Qays 5o
al-Rabadhah 70
al-Rabi` b. Khathaym 321
al-Rabi` b. Subayh * 224
al-Rabi` b. Sulayman * 196, 203, 205,
28o
al-Rabi` b. Yahya * 256
Index
394
S
sa`ddah 62 n. 284
Saba' 308 n. 1412
al-Sabah bt. `Abdallah 28
al-Sabi` (tribal group) 220, 238 n. 11049,
268
sdbigah xviii, 116 n. 6o , 43 n. 199
Sadagah b. Khalid " 158
sadagah, see also legal alms zoo n.
474, 230 n. 998
Index
Safwan b. Wahb 3oi n. 1368
sahabah. See Companions of the
Prophet
al-Sahba'. See Umm Habib bt. Bujayr
sahlfah 255 n. 969, 222, 322 n. 1493
Sahl b. Hunayf 36
Sahl b. al-Husayn b. Muslim al-Bahili
* 225
395
Salamah b. Hisham 68
Salamah b. Kuhayl al-Hadrami 234
Salamah b. `Ubaydallah b. Mihsan *
157
Salamah b. Umayyah 105
Salamah b. `Uthman * 222
Salih b. Hammad * 255
Salih b. Kaysan 336
Salih b. Kaysan * 23
Salih b. Mismar * 157
$alih b. Muhammad b. Za'idah 336
Salih b. Musa al-TAI * 279
Salih b. Rustam * 70
Salihiyyah 258 n. 1148, 277 n. 1256
396
Index
Sarif 186
Sarrar b. Muhammad b. Ismail * 216
Sa`sa`ah b. Mu'awiyah 1123
Sa`sa`ah b. Najiyah 82, 123 n. 568
Sa`sa`ah b. Suhan 275
Sawdah bt. Zam`ah, wife of the
Prophet 169-71,172
Sawwar b. `Abdallah 259
Sayban (tribal group) 255
Sayf b. Qays 88-89
Sayf b. Sulayman 221
Sayyar b. Abi Sayyar 325
schools of law 25o n. iio8
scorpions, killing of 279
seal (khdtam) 317 n. 1469
Shababah b. Sawwar * 152, 199
Sha`ban (tribal group) 219
Sha`baniyyun (tribal group) 220
Shabath b. Rib 'l 273, 321
al-Sha'bi 218-20, 278, 304 n. 1383,
314
al-Sha`bi * 83, 92, 182, 268
Sha`biyyun (tribal group) 220
Shadad, husband of Bilgis 255
Shaddad b. Aws 29S
Shaddad b. Usamah b. `Amr al-Hadi
1121,
202
al-Shafi'i * 252
Shafi i school 251 n. ,115
shahid, 4, 11, 19, 22, 154, 158, 164,
192, 205, 301
Index
Shayban (tribal group of the Bakr b.
Wi'il) 231 n. 1005, 239, 264, 267
n. 1190, 305 n. 1399, 313 n. 1441,
326 n. 1515
Shayban (tribal group of the Kindah)
89
al-Shayban. See Muhammad b.
al-Hasan
Shfah 25 n. 113, 39 n. 178, 48 n. 218,
Shirshir 250
shirkat a1-`inan. See partnership
shirkat al-mufawadah. See
partnership
Shu`ayb b. Habban 241
Shu'bah, client of Ibn `Abbas 320
Shu`bah, client of Ibn `Abbas * 25, 56
Shu`bah b. al-Hajjaj 255-56
Shu'bah b. al-Hajjaj * 138, 223, 226,
231, 233, 238, 240, 253, 257, 269
shuhada'. See shahid
Shuqayr, client of al-`Abbas * 15 5
shnra 52
Shurahbil b. Aws 159 n. 716
Shurahbil b. Hasanah III
Shurayh * 127
Shurayh b. Hani' 298
Shurayh b. al-Harith 321
Shurayb, the judge. See Shurayb b.
al-Harith
397
398
Index
T
Ta'abbata Sharran 73
Tabalah 19
al-Tabagat (by al-Wagidi ) xxiv, xvi
al-Tabaqat (by Ibn Sa'd) xxi, xv-xvi
al-Tabagat (by Muslim b. al-Hajjaj)
xvi
tbagat ( categories ) xviii, xxv
Tabaristan 248, 315 n. 1459
al-Tabari xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xix,
Index
xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi,
xxvii, 3, 32, 46, 49, 50, 52, 6o, 69,
70, 75, 78, 136, 139, 140, 141,
142, 143, 163, 167, 208 n. 901,
210, 220 n. 956, 223, 250 n. 1107,
253 n. 1121, 256, 258 n. 1148, 281
399
Tha`labah b. `Amin 93
Tha'labah b. Bakr (tribal group) 166 n.
748
tarwiyah 221
Ribab
400
Index
U
'Ubadah b. al-Samit 158
Ubayd b. Adam * 156
Ubayd b. Bishr 247
Ubayd b. Nudaylah 328
'Ubayd b. Rifa'ah al-Zuraq! 134
Ubayd b. Rifa'ah al-Zuraq! * 134
'Ubayd b. Zayd 192
Ubaydah b. al-Aswad * 156
Ubaydah b. al-Harith 23, 24
Ubaydah bt. Nabil * 39
'Ubaydallah * 197, 200
'Ubaydallah b. al-'Abbas 25, 74-75,
95, 201, 288
204
Index
n. 1486, 325 n. 1509, 335 nn.
1571, 1572
Umar b. al-Khattab, the caliph * 174,
183
Umar b. Muhammad b. al-Munkadir
240
401
402
Index
`Uthman b. al-Arqam 47
`Uthman b. `Ata' al-Khurasani * 207
`Uthman b. Hunayf 72, 291
`Uthman b. Maz`un 175
Index
'Uthmdn b. Muhammad al-Akhnasl *
177
'Uthmdn b. Muslim . See al-Batti
'Uthmdn b. Said * 154
'Uthman b. Talhah b. Abi Talhah 107
'Uthmdn b. 'Umar * 209
'Uwaymir b. al-Ashgar 132
'Uwaymir b. al-Ashqar * 132
Uways b. al-Khulas al-Qaranl 207zo8, z66
'Uyaynah b. Abi 'Imran, father of Sufyan b. 'Uyaynah 265
V
veil 184 n. 8115, 189, 194
vendetta. See blood revenge
403
Wabarah b. Jahdar 87
Wabarah B. Salamah 87 n. 416
Wadi al-Qura 65, 99
Wadi al-Sibs` 28, Io5
Wahb b. Hudhayfah 154
Wahb b. Hudhayfah * 154
Wahb b. Kaysan 237, 335
Wahb b. Munabbih 227, 322,
Wahb b. Rabim'ah b. Hilal 301
Wahwah b. Thabit 34
Wa'il b. Hujr al-Hadrami 148
Waki' * 135, 136, 226
Waki' b. al-Jarrah * 113
al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik, the caliph
182, 190, 210 n. 910, 213, 272 n.
1220, 299 n. 1359, 306 n. 1400,
316 n. 1462, 319 n. 1477
al-Walid al-Bayruti * 132
al-Walid b. al-Mughirah 202
al-Walid b. Muslim * 136, 223
al-Walid b. Muslim, Abu al-`Abbas
326 n. 15x8
al-Walid b. Muslim, Abu Bishr 326
al-Walid b. Rabah * 185
al-Walid b. Salamah al-Filastini * 120
wasiyy 236
Y
Ya'fur 220
Ya'fur b. 'Abd al-Rahman 22o n. 956
Yaf'urid dynasty 22o n. 956
Yahmid ( tribal group) 210
Yahya b. 'Abbad * 5, 13
404
Index
Yazid b. Amanah 89
Yazid b. `Amin al-Suwa'i 127
Yazid b. `Amir al-Suwa'i * 127
Yazid b. `Ata * 207
Yazid al-Faqir 326
Yazid b. al-Hadi * 164, 187
Yazid b. Harm * 109, 123
Yazid b. Hayyan 313 n. 1446
Yazid b. al-I;Iusayn b. Numayr 53, 138
Yazid b. `Iyad, see also Ibn Ju`dubah
212
Index
Yazid b. Tahman 313, 323 n. 1500
Yazid II. See Yazid b. Abd al-Malik
Yemen 17, 29, 74, 94, 114 n. 538, 116,
210, 218, 219, 220, 221 n. 962,
227, 265, 299, 324
Z
Zabban b. Fa'id * 205
al-Zabidi * 159
Zad al-Rakb. See Abu Umayyah b. alMughirah
Zahir ( tribal group) 91
Za'idah * 238, 242, 268
ZA'idah b. Qudamah al-Thaqafi 25657
Zakariya' b. 'Adi * 114
Zakariya' b. Sallam * 226
Zakariya' b. Yahya b. Aban * ioi, 155,
268
Zayd Abu Yasar zoo
Zayd Abu Yasar * Ioo
Zayd al-Hibb. See Zayd b. Harithah
Zayd b. Abi 'Attab * 184
Zayd b. Abi Layla 312 n. 1438
Zayd b. 'Ali b. al-Husayn 2i3
Zayd b. 'Amr b. Nufayl 37
405
Index
406
Zoroastrians, see also Magians, Possessors of the Scriptures 23 n. 99
Zubayd (tribe) 298 n. 1352, 3113 n.
1445
Zubayd, client of al-Husayn b. `Ali
211
al-Zubayr b. al-`Awwam * 78
Zubayri faction, Zubayri party 96, 275
n. 1243
Zubayri family 241, 336 n. 1577
Zufar b. al-Hudhayl 251
Zuhayr * 221