Subsurface Investigation Philippines
Subsurface Investigation Philippines
Subsurface Investigation Philippines
SPECIFICATIONS ON
SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION
SECTION : 1.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1
Definitions
These definitions refer to the Specification, Drawings, Conditions of Contract and
Bill of Quantities for this Contract only.
'Ancillary Works' means all appliances or things of whatsoever nature required to be
installed or constructed on, under, in or through the Site and which are to remain on
Site and become the property of the S.O in accordance with the Contract upon the
issue of a Certificate of Completion in respect of the Site operations or section or part
thereof as the case may be.
'Equipment' or 'Plant' means any appliances or things of whatsoever nature required
temporarily for carrying out the Site Operations but does not include anything which
forms part of the Ancillary Works.
'Test Hole' or 'Bore Hole' or 'Exploratory Hole' means any kind of hole made to
explore ground conditions or for any other reason whatsoever.
'Laboratory Testing' means the testing operations and processes necessary for the
preparation of the Report to be carried out in accordance with the Contract at a
laboratory approved by the S.O on samples and cores obtained during the Site
Operations and strictly in accordance with the Specifications.
'Report' or 'Factual Report' means the report to be prepared and submitted in
accordance with the Contract.
'Appendix' means the lists of Site Operations, Laboratory Testing and other
requirements referred to in the Specification.
'Site Operations' means all the work of every kind including Ancillary works required
to be carried out on under in or through the Site in accordance with the Contract.
1.2
Works
Scope of works is as specified in the Drawings and Bill of Quantities.
1.3
Programme to be furnished
Within 14 days after the acceptance of his Tender, the Contractor shall submit to the
S.O for his approval, a programme showing the order of procedure and method on
which the Contractor intends to supply, use or construct as the case may be. The
submission and approval by the S.O of such programme or particulars shall not
relieve the Contractor of his duties or responsibilities under the Contract.
If at anytime it should appear to the S.O that the actual progress of Works does not
conform to the approved programme, the Contractor shall produce at the request of
the S.O, a revised programme showing the modifications to the approved programme
Subsurface Investigation
Page 1 of 55
8/18/2016
necessary to ensure completion of the whole works within the time for completion
provided for the Contract.
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain such traffic signs, warning
lamps, barriers and traffic control signals and such other measures as may be
necessitated by the construction of the Works in accordance with the
requirements of the relevant Traffic Signs and Regulations of local
authorities. Where the circumstances of any particular case are not covered
by the recommendations the Contractor shall submit proposals for dealing
with such situations to the S.O for approval. Compliance with this Clause
shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his other obligations and liabilities
under the Contract and under the relevant provisions of the Highway Acts.
(b)
The Contractor shall take into account information about particular localities
contained in the Contract drawings when planning the traffic safety measures.
(c)
The Contractor shall, after consultation with any statutory or other authority
concerned, submit to the S.O for his approval a programme based on such
consultation showing the scheme of traffic management he proposes for
carrying out the works before commencing any which affects the use of the
public road and thereafter furnish such further details and information as
necessitated by the Works or as the S.O may require.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 2 of 55
8/18/2016
(d)
The Contractor shall not commence any work which affects the public road
until all traffic safety measures necessitated by the work are fully operational.
(e)
The traffic signs, warning lamps, barriers and traffic control signals shall be
in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Traffic Signs Regulations
current at the date of the execution of the Work.
(f)
Traffic signs shall comply with BS 873 and road danger lamps with BS 3143,
except that the flashing rate for flashing lamps shall be within the range 120 150 flashes per minute. The minimum luminous intensity of the lamps shall
be 0.5 candela for steady lamps, 1.0 candela for ripple lamps at their peak,
and 1.5 candela for flashing lamps at their peak.
(g)
The Contractor shall keep clean and legible at all times all traffic signs,
warning lamps, barrier and traffic control signals and he shall position, reposition, cover or remove them as necessitated by the progress of the Works.
(h)
(i)
1.8
Subsurface Investigation
Page 3 of 55
8/18/2016
1.9
Temporary Access
The Contractor shall provide all temporary roads and gangways required for the
execution of the Works. He shall provide at all times during the progress of the works
proper means of access with ladders, gangways, boats, etc. and the necessary
attendance for inspection of the Works by the S.O or his Representative as directed.
1.10
Workmen's Accommodation
The contractor shall be responsible for the proper housing at site for his labour force
to the satisfaction of the relevant Health Authorities. Alternatively, the Contractor
may provide housing in hotels.
1.11
Water supply
The Contractor shall provide water required in connection with works, including the
supply and fixing of all fittings, maintenance of the supply, payment of all fees,
removal of all fittings and making good all disturbances after completion of the
Works.
1.12
1.13
Storage Facilities
The Contractor shall provide facilities for the storage and protection of soil, rock and
water samples. These facilities shall provide protection at all times from temperatures
in excess of 35 degrees Centigrade and from wetting or drying out due to weather
exposure.
1.14
1.15
(a)
the removal from the site of any plant not conforming to the requirements of
the Specification, and the replacement of such plant at the Contractor's own
cost.
(b)
the dismissal from the site of any technician, supervisor, plant operator, or
any workmen of the Contractor found incapable or refusing to follow the
proper procedure of work as specified, and replacement of such workmen at
the Contractor's own cost.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 4 of 55
8/18/2016
The S.O shall be immediately informed if any of the original locations of the
Exploratory Holes coincide with the positions of the mains or services. It will be the
S.O's responsibility to change the locations of the affected boreholes or other tests.
1.16
1.17
Care of Works
From the commencement to the completion of the Works, the Contractor shall take
full responsibility for the care thereof and in case any damage, loss or injury shall
happen to the works from any causes whatsoever shall at his own cost repair and
make good the same so that at completion the Works shall be in good order and
condition and in conformity in every respect with the requirements of the Contract
and the S.O's instructions.
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
Photographs
The Contractor shall supply colour photographs of rock cores, trial pits or such
portion of the Works in progress as may be directed by the S.O from time to time. The
camera used shall be of a 35 mm single lens reflex type. Proofs shall be supplied to
the S.O within seven (7) days of the photographs being taken and the required sets of
prints shall be supplied within seven (7) days of selected proofs being returned to the
Contractor. The negatives of the photographs shall remain the property of the S.O and
no print from these negatives may be supplied to any person or persons except with
the authority of the S.O. A suitable typed caption shall be affixed to the reverse side
Subsurface Investigation
Page 5 of 55
8/18/2016
of each photograph describing detail and date taken. One set of the photographs shall
be signed by the Contractor and the S.O.
1.22
S.O's Transport
The Contractor shall provide plain coloured transport for the exclusive use of the
Employer for any purpose in connection with the Site Operations.The vehicles shall
be delivered and maintained in good roadworthy condition. They shall be licensed
and insured for use on the public highway and shall have comprehensive insurance
cover for any qualified driver authorised by the Employer together with any
authorised passengers and the carriage of goods or samples.The Contractor shall
provide fuel, oil and maintenance in conformity with the vehicle manufacturer's
recommendation and shall clean the vehicles inside and outside as required. A
suitable replacement shall be provided for any vehicle out of service for more than 24
hours. When drivers are to be provided with the vehicles they shall be duly licensed.
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
Submission of Reports
On completion of the Works, the Contractor shall submit Factual Report as specified
in Section 4 of the Specification.
1.27
Subsurface Investigation
Page 6 of 55
8/18/2016
The above references are included for guidance and are indicative of good
engineering standards. The Contractor may follow other international standards with
the prior approval of the S.O.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 7 of 55
8/18/2016
EXPLORATORY HOLE
2.1.1
Percussion Boring
a)
Scope
Percussion boring shall be carried out at locations shown on the Drawings or
as instructed by the S.O and shall comprise the formation of a borehole using
a cable percussion rig and attachments such as shell, clay cutter, chisel and
sinker bar and shall be carried out in such a manner that in-situ tests,
sampling and field installations referred to in the Specifications can be
carried out in accordance with the requirements specified. The Percussion
boring method shall not be used in soft cohesive soil where undisturbed
samples are required.
b)
c)
d)
e)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 8 of 55
8/18/2016
f)
g)
2.1.2
Scope
Rotary boring shall be carried out at locations shown on the Drawings or as
instructed by the S.O and shall comprise the formation of a borehole by the
rotary action of a drill bit, with cuttings washed to the ground surface by
drilling fluid pumped down the drilling rod. Boreholes shall not be advanced
by either surging action of the casing or by the chopping or twisting action of
the bits via the rods.
b)
Boring Plant
Boring plant used shall be capable of boring/drilling to the maximum depth
indicated in the drawing or Bill of Quantities. The plant used shall be suitable
for advancing the bore, sampling, insitu testing and rock drilling in
accordance with the relevant Specification of each of these operations.
c)
d)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 9 of 55
8/18/2016
e)
Advancing of Hole
Advancing of the borehole will be such that disturbance to the soils at the
bottom of the advancing casing is kept to minimum. Method of advancing
borehole using water under pressure with casing only to advance the hole or
any method which in the opinion of the S.O may affect the test to be carried
out or samples to be taken, will not be acceptable.
f)
Drilling Medium
Any drilling medium other than clean water will only be used with prior
approval of the S.O. Generally any medium that affects, in the opinion of the
S.O, the proper identification of soil strata will not be acceptable.
g)
h)
Water Jetting
Water Jetting shall be carried out at locations shown on the Drawings or as
instructed by the S.O and shall comprise of forming a hole in the ground
either over land or water by water jetting until bedrock.
i)
2.1.3
Scope
Subsurface Investigation
Page 10 of 55
8/18/2016
Rotary core drilling shall be carried out at locations shown on the Drawings
or as directed by the S.O. Drilling shall be carried out in accordance with
good practice and detailed in ASTM D 2113 or similar approved standard.
Drilling shall consist of obtaining core samples of the full depth of the strata
being penetrated. Should the Contractor fail to ensure that drilling and
sampling is undertaken as specified or instructed then he may be liable to redrill all or part of a borehole at his own expense should the S.O direct.
b)
c)
Drilling Method
The methods and equipment used shall be such that:
Drilling shall be carried out in such a manner and using such sizes of bits
including any required modification to the drill bit, such that the maximum
amount of core is recovered. This requires close surveillance of drilling fluid,
drilling pressures, lengths of runs and all other factors relevant to the nature
of the material being drilled.
The core barrel shall be withdrawn and the core removed as often as may be
necessary to secure the maximum possible amount of core.
Coring runs shall be limited to a maximum length of 1.5 m. When less than
95 % of the core is recovered from a run the length of the following run shall
be reduced by 50% unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. If less than 50
% recovery is achieved the following run shall not exceed 0.5 m until full
recovery is achieved from two consecutive runs.
The core barrel shall be removed from the borehole immediately if blocking
of the bit or grinding of the core is apparent regardless of the length of run
that has been made.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 11 of 55
8/18/2016
The Contractor shall use no drilling lubricants in the borehole other than
clean water, air or air with an approved drilling foam additive. Additives shall
only be used in the flushing medium upon approval by the S.O.
d)
e)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 12 of 55
8/18/2016
The weight of the drilling shall be compatible with the maximum hydraulic
thrust required without movement of the rig. If the weight of the rig is
insufficient to prevent movement, the base of the rig shall be securely
anchored down or loaded.
The rigs shall also be fitted with a tachometer and a hydraulic feed pressure
gauge, both of appropriate scales. A rigid rod, clearly graduated in 10 mm
increments shall be permanently attached to and parallel with the hydraulic
feed rams, to provide a means of measuring penetration and estimating
penetration rates.
Where the flushing medium is water, a centrifugal or reciprocating pump
shall be provided equipped with a gear box and capable of delivering up to 2
litre/sec. The pump shall incorporate a `surge' bottle to reduce fluctuations in
water pressure and the suction hose shall be fitted with a suitable filter at all
times.
A full by-pass system shall be provided and attached to the drilling rig
allowing the operator full control of water flow from zero to maximum pump
delivery rate.
A pressure gauge capable of operating in the range 0 kN/m 2 to 2000 kN/m2
shall be directly fitted into the water supply line on the `downstream' side of
the by-pass valve.
Where the flushing medium in use is air with foam additive, an air
compressor capable of producing 2 m3/min to 5 m3/min with a working
pressure upto 700 kN/m2 shall be provided. A by-pass system similar to that
required for water flush and a pressure gauge of appropriate scale shall also
be provided.
To inject liquid foam mixture into the flushing airstream an air-driven drum
pump or other approved system shall be provided. The pump shall be
equipped with a pressure balancer, a pressure limiting valve, an on/off control
valve with the facility for regulating the flow of liquid foam mixture up to a
maximum of 0.1 litre/sec.
Details of the proposed foam additive and mixes shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approval and the use of a foam stabilizer shall not be permitted
unless this has been agreed with the Engineer. The Contractor shall ensure
that the proposed foam is either fully biodegradable or water soluble and
make arrangements for the collection and removal or dispersal of the foam
returns when required.
The Contractor shall provide recent certified calibration for all gauges and
measuring equipment used. Calibration shall have taken place within one
year of intended use.
f)
g)
Extraction of Cores
Subsurface Investigation
Page 13 of 55
8/18/2016
Core shall be extracted from double tube core barrels using a hydraulic or
similar approved extruder. The extruder shall apply a continuous pressure to
one end of the core whilst the barrel is in a horizontal position.
Drilling shall not be allowed to commence unless a suitable approved
extruder is available on site. No standing time shall be approved by the S.O
in respect of delays resulting from this requirement.
Cores from triple tube barrels with continuous inner liners shall be carefully
removed from the core barred, sealed and labelled as specified.
Cores from split-tube triple tube core barrels shall be carefully removed from
the core barrels using hydraulic pressure and be carefully transferred into
split plastic tubes of the same internal diameter as the split inner tubes.
The S.O may instruct certain core lengths to be sealed in aluminium foil and
waxed before sealing inside the plastic tube.
Where air/foam is used as the flushing medium, a water supply with complete
by-pass shall also be available and used for the extrusion of the split inner
tubes from the core barrel. Under no circumstances shall air pressure be used
for the extrusion of cores.
The Contractor shall submit a detailed method statement explaining how the
core shall be extracted from the core barrel. The works shall not proceed
until this method statement has been agreed with the S.O.
h)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 14 of 55
8/18/2016
the cores can easily be made. The boxes shall be stored under cover and
protected from the weather. All core boxes shall be carefully transported to
avoid damage and disturbance to the contents.
Unexamined core samples contained within plastic lining tubes and waxed
samples retained for testing shall be stiffened with laths of wood and wrapped
carefully with foam sheeting to minimize disturbance during transportation.
All core, boxes and samples shall be delivered to Contractor's store and shall
remain the property of the S.O.
i)
2.1.4
Scope
Hand auger boring shall be carried out at locations shown on the Drawings or
as instructed by the Engineer in accordance with ASTM D 1452 or similar
approved standard and shall consist of the formation of a borehole by hand
auger techniques.
b)
c)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 15 of 55
8/18/2016
2.1.5
b)
c)
d)
e)
Ground Water
The Contractor shall keep inspection pits and trial pits free of surface run-off
water. Ground water shall be controlled by pumping or other means to permit
continuous exploration in so far as the rate of inflow of water does not make
control difficult.
f)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 16 of 55
8/18/2016
g)
2.1.6
2.1.7
Measurement Accuracy
The observation of ground water level for all types of boreholes shall be
made with a tape, rod, rule or dipmeter that permits measurements with an
accuracy of plus or minus 25 mm.
b)
First Encounter
For boreholes advanced without use of drilling fluid (including water) and
when water is first encountered, the depth from ground level to point of entry
shall be recorded and exploratory holes operations stopped. The depth from
ground level to water shall then be recorded at 5 minutes intervals until no
further rise is observed.
However, if at the end of the period of 20 minutes the water level is still
rising, unless otherwise instructed by the S.O, this shall be recorded together
with the depth to water below ground level and exploratory hole shall then be
continued.
If casing is used and this forms a seal against the entry of ground water, the
Contractor shall record the depth at which no further entry or only
insignificant infiltration of water occurred. Where applicable every effort
shall be made to seal off each water strike.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 17 of 55
8/18/2016
Where ground water occurs as a slow seepage into the exploratory hole, the
point of entry of the seepage shall be recorded and water levels monitored as
specified above.
c)
Subsequent Encounter
When further changes in water levels occur such as when lower water tables
are found after upper water tables have been sealed off by the casing, they
shall be recorded as in 3.1.2 above.
d)
2.1.8
Standpipe
a)
Scope
Standpipe shall be installed in boreholes at locations shown on the Drawings
or as instructed by the S.O. The final details of any installation will be
decided by the S.O and will be dependent upon the actual subsoil and ground
water conditions found. The Contractor shall be responsible for the correct
installation, and the proper functioning and maintenance of all standpipe
installation throughout the duration of the works. The Contractor shall submit
to the S.O all measurements and record of the works, for the acceptance or
otherwise of the installed standpipe by the S.O. Any installation which is
deemed by the S.O to be malfunctioning or damaged shall be replaced or
repaired by the Contractor at his own expense.
b)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 18 of 55
8/18/2016
total circumferential surface or as specified by the S.O. The slotted part of the
tube shall be wrapped with filter fabric as approved by the S.O.
The standpipe shall be placed in the borehole, backfilled with graded filter
sand (600 to 2000 micron) up to 1.0 m below ground level or as specified by
the S.O. The top 0.5 m (minimum) of the borehole shall sealed with a
concrete plug and subsequent 0.5 m (minimum) depth sealed with bentonite
pellets or with an approved bentonite cement grout. The top of the standpipe
shall be covered by a plastic cap or similar as approved by the S.O.
Piezometer buckets, of specifications as approved by the S.O shall also be
installed in the standpipe as shown on the Drawings or as instructed by the
S.O. The buckets are to be tied to a non-extendable nylon string at selected
depth intervals and weighted at the bottom as directed by the S.O, and shall
be installed such that the buckets can be pulled to the surface for readings.
Each standpipe shall be clearly and permanently label with a metal stamp or
tag giving the explanatory hole and standpipe number.
2.1.9
Standpipe Piezometers
a)
Scope
Standpipe piezometers shall be installed in boreholes at locations shown on
the Drawings or as instructed by the S.O. The final details of any piezometer
installation will be decided by the S.O and will dependent upon the actual
subsoil and ground water conditions found. The installation shall be as per
standard specifications.
b)
c)
Grouting
A grout of cement and bentonite in the proportions of 1 : 4 shall be used. If
water in the exploratory hole is contaminated by grout it shall be replaced by
clean water, the method being to the approval of the S.O.
d)
Sand Filter
The sand filter surrounding the porous element shall be clean and fall wholly
between the limits of grading 1200 and 210 microns and the volume of the
sand filter placed shall allow sufficient time for all the sand to settle. The
final elevation of the top of this sand shall be recorded. The porous element
shall be placed in the hole and the remaining filter shall then be added as
described above.
e)
Surface Installation
Subsurface Investigation
Page 19 of 55
8/18/2016
Water Levels
The ground water level shall be recorded immediately and after installation of
the piezometer. Before readings commence, the piezometer shall be filled
with water and its correct functioning demonstrated to the S.O. During the
site operations the Contractor shall record the ground water level in standpipe
piezometers as shown in the drawings or as instructed by the S.O.
g)
h)
Commissioning
Before taking initial readings the Contractor shall stabilise the
standpipe/standpipe piezometer by alternately bailing and filling at least five
(5) times unless otherwise directed by the S.O. The Contractor shall then
carry out a simple falling head test by topping up the riser tube with clean
water and measure and record the fall in the head of water for a period not
exceeding 30 minutes.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 20 of 55
8/18/2016
b)
Method of Monitoring
Depth from the top of the riser tube to water in the standpipe/standpipe
piezometer shall be measured using a dipmeter. The dipmeter shall be of the
electric type of the approval of the S.O, but simple metal probes attached to
nylon cord may be used with the approval of the S.O for shallow depths.
Where piezometer buckets are installed, water levels in the piezometer
buckets shall also be recorded.
c)
Frequency of Monitoring
The Contractor shall monitor the water levels in the installed standpipe/
standpipe piezometer and piezometer buckets once daily for the first seven
days after the standpipes piezometer are installed to the acceptance of the
S.O. Thereafter, water levels shall be monitored at three (3) days intervals or
as directed by the S.O. The water levels shall only be monitored during the
works.
d)
Monitoring Records
The Contractor shall submit at weekly intervals to the S.O in an approved
format all records and plots of water levels in the standpipe piezometer and
piezometer buckets. All such records shall include the standpipe/standpipe
piezometer number, site name, date and time of measurement, reduced level
of the top of the riser tube, reduced level of ground water surface, reduced
level of ground surface, and method of measuring the depth to water. All
water levels recorded shall be tabulated plotted and presented in the Final
Report.
2.2
SAMPLING
2.2.1
2.2.2
Labelling of Samples
All samples shall be labelled immediately after being taken from the Exploratory
Hole or surface water. The label shall be clearly and indelibly marked and shall show
all the necessary information about the sample, including the following :
The following legend shall be used for the Exploratory Hole and sample reference
numbers :-
Subsurface Investigation
Page 21 of 55
8/18/2016
PH
BH
HA
TP
D
UD
C
P
Percussion Hole
Borehole (Rotary Boring)
Hang Auger
Trial Pit/Inspection Pit
Disturbed Sample
Undisturbed Sample
Rock Core Sample
SPT Sample
The label shall be securely fixed onto the outside of the sample tube, jar or bag. The
outside of the sample tube, jar or bag shall also be clearly and indelibly marked with
the same information as the label.
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
Subsurface Investigation
Page 22 of 55
8/18/2016
of the S.O. The S.O may request that certain of the samples be retained either by the
S.O or by the Contractor.
2.2.6
Disturbed Sampling
a)
b)
2.2.7
Undisturbed Sampling
a)
b)
Sampling Tubes
All tubes used for undisturbed sampling shall be of light alloy, stainless steel
or with an equivalent surface plating for corrosion protection and shall be
clear and free of all surface irregularities including projecting weld seams and
dents. Sample tubes that are corroded or susceptible to corrosion shall not be
used. The cutting edges, area ratios and inside clearances shall be as specified
in the following clauses.
c)
Open-Tube Sampling
Open-tube drive samples shall generally be taken in stiff to hard cohesive
soils in cable percussion boring using open-tube sampler and equipment as
described in BS 5930. The sampler shall have a minimum diameter of 100
mm and a minimum length of 450 mm. The cutting shoes shall be clean,
sharp and without burred edges. The cutting edge taper shall not exceed 20.
Area ratio shall be less than 25 % with an inside clearance of 1 to 2 %. The
number of blows, weight of drop hammer, height of drop and length driven
shall be recorded when cable percussion boring is used.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 23 of 55
8/18/2016
d)
Thin-Walled Sampling
Thin-walled samples shall generally be taken in soft to firm soils using
equipment and procedures as described in ASTM D 1587. Minimum outside
diameter of the tube shall be 75 mm and nominal length of the tube shall be
1000 mm. Wall thickness shall be between 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm with an inside
clearance of 0.5 to 1.0 %. The area ratio shall be 10 % nominally.
The tube shall be pushed into the base of the borehole by a continuous and
steady motion without driving, impact or twisting. The drilling rig or boring
plant used shall be capable of exerting a static thrust of 10 kN on the sampler.
e)
Piston Sampling
For detailed investigation of soft cohesive soils, stationary piston sampling
equipment shall be used unless otherwise specified. The minimum outside
diameter of the tube shall be 75 mm and the nominal length of the tube shall
be 1000 mm. Wall thickness shall be between 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm.
The sampling tube shall be stainless steel and shall have smooth surfaces.
The area ratio shall be 10 % nominally.
The edge taper angle shall be between 6 and 10 and the inside clearance
ratio shall be 0 % to 0.5 %.
When drilling has advanced to the required sampling depth, the base of the
borehole shall be cleaned thoroughly to ensure there is no debris at the
bottom of the borehole.
The assembled piston sampler shall be lowered down the borehole taking
great care that the sampler does not come into contact with the borehole
casing.
Once the piston sampler reaches the base of the borehole, the depth of the
sampler must be checked against the prior measured depth of the borehole. If
these measurements are not exactly the same it is likely that debris has
accumulated at the base of the borehole. If such a condition exists the
sampler shall be removed and the borehole shall be cleared out again.
Provided the sampler has reached the clean base of the borehole, the sampler
shall be held tight by the drilling rods to ensure that the weight of the sampler
together with the drill string does not rest on the soil to be sampled.
The piston shall then be unlocked from the sampler body by twisting the
central piston rod. The piston rod shall then be attached to the tower, mast or
tripod of the drilling machine.
A considerable tensile force can develop in the piston rod. The swivel,
adjustable turnbuckle and chain shall be chosen to withstand a force
equivalent to the jacking load capability of the drilling equipment.
The turnbuckle shall be adjusted to ensure that all play and backlash have
been taken up. The piston rod shall be marked conveniently manner to
measure any settlement of the piston during sampling.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 24 of 55
8/18/2016
Prior to advancing the sampler the length of advance shall be determined and
the drill rods marked accordingly. The advance length shall be approximately
90 % of the effective internal length of the sampling tube.
The advance of the sampler shall be made in one fast continuous movement.
The rate of penetration of the sampler shall be of the order of 200 mm/s.
The actual advance length of the sampler shall be measured in a conventional
way and the amount of advance shall be recorded on the drilling logs. The
settlement, if any, of the fixed piston shall be measured and recorded on the
drilling logs.
A waiting period of at least 5 minutes shall elapse before the complete
sampler is removed from the borehole. The sampler shall be lifted without
rotation.
After withdrawal of the sampler from the borehole the sample and tube shall
be removed from the sampler. The air vent screws shall be removed from the
sampler. The air vent screws shall be removed to ensure that there is not any
vacuum created as the sampler head and sample tube are separated.
Prior to the execution of piston sampling on site, the Contractor shall submit
details of the equipment he proposes to use and he shall submit a copy of the
instruction on piston sampling that shall be given to the drillers.
f)
g)
1.
2.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 25 of 55
8/18/2016
The inside of the tube from its open end to the surface of the undisturbed
sample shall be cleared of all soil debris using special cleaning tools.
A circular piece of paper having the same diameter as the inside of the
sampling tube shall be placed on top of the sample. This paper is to minimize
wax impregnation.
Melted non-shrinking microcrystalline wax shall be poured onto the paper
disc to a thickness of about 10 mm.
Once the wax is nearly solid, a neoprene disc having the same diameter as the
inside of the tube shall be gently pressed into the wax to ensure the wax
makes a good seal with the wall of the sampler.
Another 10 mm thickness of wax shall be poured onto the neoprene disc,
once hardened a final 30 mm thickness of wax shall be poured onto the
sample.
Once the wax has hardened moist sand, saw dust, or soil shall be placed on
the waxed sample to fill completely the sampling tube.
A rubber cap shall then be placed on the end of the sample tube and its edge
sealed against the outside of the sample tube with adhesive vinyl tape.
The tube shall be inverted carefully and the above shall be steps repeated for
the cutting shoe end of the tube.
The sample tube shall be labelled in accordance with clause 2.2.2.
Until the samples are removed from the site they shall be placed in protective
boxes in a dry place and under cover to the requirements of Clause 1.13 of
Section 1 of the Specification.
h)
Unsuccessful Sampling
Where an attempt to take an undisturbed sample fails, the borehole shall be
cleaned out for the full depth to which the sampling tube has been driven and
the recovered soil saved as a disturbed sample. A fresh attempt shall then be
made from the level of the base of the failed attempt. Should this second
attempt prove unsuccessful, the Contractor shall adopt means of sampling as
agreed with the S.O.
2.2.8
Subsurface Investigation
Page 26 of 55
8/18/2016
2.2.9
2.3.1
Scope
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) shall be carried out in boreholes at
intervals given in the Specification or where indicated by the S.O in
accordance with Method 3.3 : BS 1377 : Part 9 : 1990. The SPT shall consist
of driving a split spoon sampler in a standard manner and obtaining a
disturbed sample of the soil penetrated.
b)
c)
Procedure
All SPTs shall consist of both a seating drive followed by a test drive,
including cases where high penetration resistance is encountered. The
procedure for carrying out all tests shall be as follows :Seating drive : Number of blows for first 150 mm penetration. If
50 blows are required before 150 mm penetration is reached, then
record penetration for 50 blows and terminate test drive.
Test drive
: Number of blows for further 300 mm penetration.
If 50 blows are required before 300 mm penetration is reached, then
record penetration for 50 blows and terminate test drive.
d)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 27 of 55
8/18/2016
Scope
The field vane test (GEONOR) shall be carried out in boreholes at intervals
given in the specification or where indicated by the S.O in accordance with
Method 4.4: BS 1377 : Part 9 : 1990 and shall comprise the measurement of
peak and residual vane shear strength and obtaining a disturbed sample of the
soil tested.
b)
Equipment
The equipment shall follow the requirements of BS 1377 : 1990. The torque
head shall be of a type such that torque is applied through a worm and pinion
mechanism. Minimum vane diameter shall be 50 mm. For tests in soft clays
minimum vane diameter shall be 65 mm.
c)
d)
Procedure
The field vane test (GEONOR) shall be carried out in accordance with BS
1377 : 1990, with the following additional requirements :1. Before starting the test, the torque head measuring instrument
shall be firmly secured against rotation and vertical movement
with respect to ground level.
2. During the execution of the test a period of 5 minutes shall be
allowed to elapse between pushing the vane to its final depth and
commencing rotation.
3. The torque head measuring instrument shall be zeroed before
being placed over the upper extension tube.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 28 of 55
8/18/2016
Scope
Permeability testing shall be carried out in boreholes as indicated by the S.O
in accordance with BS 5930 and shall consist of falling or rising head tests.
b)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 29 of 55
8/18/2016
In cases where the stratum being tested may be partially saturated, the initial
part of the test may be repeated a number of times until a repeatable result are
obtained.
2.3.4
Scope
The mechanical cone penetration test or deep sounding test shall be carried
out at locations shown on the Drawings or as indicated by the S.O using a
mechanical friction cone in accordance with ASTM D 3441 and shall
comprise the measurement of cone resistance and local friction.
b)
Equipment
The equipment shall follow the requirements of ASTM D 3441 with the
additional requirement that the cone shall have a tapered mantle similar to the
mantle cone. A friction reducer shall be used for all tests.
The Contractor shall have two load cells available, each equipped with two
pressure gauges capable of measuring the following ranges of equivalent
cone resistance :
:
:
The Contractor shall use the load cell and gauges most suitable for the soils
penetrated. If necessary during a test, the load cells shall be changed to suit
the type of material penetrated. Alternative arrangement of load cells and
pressure gauges may be used with the S.O's approval provided that they give
similar ranges of sensitivity to those specified above. Cones with an electric
measuring and recording mechanism (Electric Cone) shall only be used with
the prior approval of the S.O.
The capacity of the jacking equipment and the amount of available reaction
shall be as instructed by the S.O. At locations as instructed by the S.O,
available reaction shall be increased by the use of kentledge or anchors.
Guides shall be provided for the part of the sounding rods protruding above
the soil and for the rod length exposed in water in order to prevent buckling.
c)
Subsurface Investigation
Page 30 of 55
8/18/2016
d)
Procedure
The penetrometer jacking equipment shall be set up on a firm and level
platform. If stones, hardcore or similar materials are present at or just below
ground level, then a small starter hole shall be formed through this material at
the test location.
Before starting each test the cone, sounding tubes and inner rods shall be
thoroughly cleaned of all oil, grease and soil particles. The cone shall be
extended and compressed several times in a reservoir of water until the
telescopic action are smooth and require little force. If the cone has a
tendency to stick or jam, or if there is noticeable play or looseness between
the different parts of the cone, then the cone shall not be used.
The mechanical cone shall be advanced into the ground at a rate of 20 mm/s,
ensuring that the sounding rods are vertical and taking the required sets of
readings every 200 mm. As testing proceeds, the space between the inner rod
and the outer sounding tube shall be kept full of water. Penetration shall be
continued until the safe working limits of the equipment as determined by the
Contractor are reached. The Engineer may require that the test be terminated
before the safe working limits of the equipment as determined by the
Contractor are reached.
If during testing, the inner rod fails to return to the correct position after the
outer sounding tubes have been advanced to a measurement depth, then a
note shall be made on the record sheet against the affected measurements. If
the inner rod fails to return to the correct position during five consecutive
readings, then the test shall be temporarily terminated and the cone extracted
from the ground, inspected, cleaned and if necessary replaced. The cone shall
then be re-advanced directly to the depth of temporary termination and the
test continued.
2.3.5
Piezocone Test
Measurement)
a)
(Cone
Penetrometer
Test
with
Pore
Water
Pressure
Scope
The cone penetrometer test with pore-water pressure measurement (also
known as the "piezocone test") shall be carried out at locations shown on the
Drawings or as indicated by the Engineer using an electric cone in
accordance with ASTM D 3441. The cone shall incorporate a filter and
transducer for the instantaneous measurement of pore water pressure and the
test shall comprise the measurement of cone resistance, local friction and
pore water pressure.
b)
Equipment
The equipment shall follow the requirements of ASTM D 3441 with the
following additional requirements :
1. The type of cone used shall be suitable for the testing of soils
from very soft to firm clay, peat and organic clays to sands.
2. The filter used to measure pore water pressure shall be located
between the cone and the friction sleeve. The filter shall be of the
Subsurface Investigation
Page 31 of 55
8/18/2016
Subsurface Investigation
Page 32 of 55
8/18/2016
The S.O shall be provided with two copies of the calibration certificates
before or at the commencement of site work. The calibration certificate shall
consist of a graph or listing of figures in which loads or pressures recorded by
the piezocone measurement system are compared to loads or pressures
measured by a standard load cell or pressure measuring device from an
approved standards agency. Calibration shall be carried out no more than 3
months before the start of site work.
The Contractor shall have available on site throughout the duration of the site
work a calibration load cell suitable for on-site use to enable gross error
checks to be carried out.
Permitted tolerances on equipment dimensions shall be as given in ASTM D
3441. Permitted tolerances on load and pressure monitoring devices shall be
plus or minus 5% of the measured value.
d)
e)
2.3.6
Piezometer
a)
Scope
Piezometers shall be installed at locations shown on the drawings or as
instructed by the S.O. The final details of any piezometer installation will be
decided by the S.O and will depend upon the actual subsoil and ground
conditions found and the supplier's recommendations. The piezometer shall
Subsurface Investigation
Page 33 of 55
8/18/2016
be either vibrating wire type or pneumatic type for the measurement of pore
pressure.
b)
c)
Pneumatic Piezometer
Piezometer Tip and Tubing
The piezometer tip shall comprise a porous element integral with a
diaphragm transducer, installed either in a borehole or by pushing to shallow
depths in soft soil. Twin nylon tubes in polythene sheath cover connect the
transducer to a terminal panel or readout unit. The piezometer tip is soaked in
water for at least 24 hours before connecting to the twin tubing.
For lower pressures up to 350m head of water and tube lengths up to 500m,
pneumatic readout with either a Bourdou tube or digital display shall be used.
For high pressures, up to 2000m head of water or for tube lengths greater
than 500m hydraulic readout shall be used.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 34 of 55
8/18/2016
Sand Filter
The sand filters surrounding the porous element shall be coarse, clean and fall
wholly between the limits of grading 1200 and 210 microns and the volume
of sand filter shall be recorded. Filter sand is poured and tamped until tip is
covered by at least 150 mm.
Grouting
A plug to prevent entry of grout into the sand filter is placed in the form of
balls of stiff bentonite or bentonite granules dropped through the water and
tamped into place. Backfilling is completed to ground surface with an
impervious grout, generally a bentonite-cement mix placed through a tremie
pipe which is positioned above the bentonite plug and withdrawn as grouting
proceeds.
Installation
The hole, diameter 75-150 mm, is driven in soils using shell and auger and in
rocks with rotary water flush drilling. Air flush and consequent entrapment of
air in the ground should be avoided. The sides of the hole in the vicinity of
the piezometer tip should be free from mud-cake and debris; the hole should
be flushed clean before installation of the piezometer tip. If the hole requires
casing, this is withdrawn to keep pace with the installing operation.
Coarse, clean sand filter material is placed through water to the proposed
base of the piezometer tip, and is compacted. The piezometer tip, soaked in
water for at least 24 hours, is connected to the twin tubing and inserted in the
borehole using placing tubes. Further filter sand is poured and tamped until
the tip is covered by at least 150 mm.
The piezometer tubes must be protected from mechanical damage. They may
be run in protective conduits or cast into concrete. The tubes should be
looped where they cross an interface and at joints.
d)
e)
2.3.7
Scope
Subsurface Investigation
Page 35 of 55
8/18/2016
The inclinometer and extensometer tests shall be carried out at locations and
depths given on the Drawings or as instructed by the S.O. This shall be done
to study the settlement and lateral movement of the embankment foundations.
The installation details shall be in accordance with the manufacture's
recommendations and as directed by the S.O.
b)
c)
Procedure
The inclinometer and extensometer shall be installed as instructed by the S.O.
The rotary drilling shall be carried out until hard strata and the inclinometer
tubing's tip should be tied to that, and the subsequent tubes are fixed on it.
Before installation, the orientation of keyways must be established and if
possible maintained throughout the installation. The tubing is lowered in a
pre-grout borehole and they are jointed with the next. A hydrostatic head is
maintained with clean water to stop the grout from entering through a joint.
During the extraction of the casing the orientation of the tube shall be
checked after each length is pulled. The horizontal displacement of the
ground below the embankment is measured using the inclinometer at 0.5m
intervals with depth for the whole compressible clay strata. On the other
hand, the vertical displacements or settlements in the clay strata is measured
by the use of magnetic targets placed at 1.5m depth intervals on the outside of
the inclinometer tubing. Monitoring of the readings during the site operations
and subsequent period shall be as instructed by the S.O.
d)
2.3.8
Pressuremeter
a)
Scope
The pressuremeter test shall be carried out at locations shown on the drawing
or as instructed by the S.O. It shall be carried out to find Limit pressure P L,
Shear Modulus, G and insitu horizontal stresses.
b)
Equipment
The equipment shall have the capability of reading
up to 20 to 25 bars pressure in soils
up to 50 to 70 bars in rocks
Subsurface Investigation
Page 36 of 55
8/18/2016
The type of standard metallic probe covers will allow testing in majority of
soils from soft to hard clays, fills, embankments, organic clays to sands.
However, self boring type pressuremeter is required for very soft, sensitive
clays.
c)
Calibration
In a pressuremeter testing instrument accuracy is always important to obtain
the corrected pressure-volume curve, or pressure-radius curve. Therefore, the
instrument has to be calibrated for each borehole or as instructed by the S.O.
Calibration for Pressure losses 'Probe Calibration' shall be done by inflating
the Pressuremeter in air. Calibration dates and method or calibration shall be
given to the S.O from time to time.
d)
2.3.9
Scope
The penetration field vane test shall be carried out at locations and intervals
given on the Drawings or as instructed by the S.O in accordance with Method
4.4 : BS 1377 : Part 9 : 1990 and shall comprise the measurement of peak and
residual vane shear strength without the use of a borehole.
b)
Equipment
The equipment shall be in accordance with BS 1377:1990 with the following
additional requirements :
1. The vane test apparatus shall be Geonor penetration type or
similar approved which shall be capable of penetration to the
maximum depth indicated on the Drawings or instructed by the
engineer.
2. Two sizes of vane shall be available for different ranges of shear
strength measurement as follows :-
Subsurface Investigation
Page 37 of 55
8/18/2016
d)
Procedure
The field vane test shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1377 : 1990,
with the following additional requirements
1. Once the vane within the protecting shoe reaches the required level
before pushing the vane to the final test depth, the upper extension tube
shall be firmly secured against rotation and vertical movement with
respect to ground level.
2. During the execution of the test a period of 5 minutes shall be allowed to
elapse between pushing the vane to its final depth and commencing
rotation.
3. The torque head measuring instrument shall be zeroed before being
placed over the upper extension tube.
4. During testing the vane shall be rotated at a rate of 6 degrees/min and
readings of torque shall be recorded every 2 degree rotation of the torque
head. In stiffer materials that reach failure in less than 10 degree rotation,
readings shall be taken every 1 degree.
5. The procedure for remoulding shall follow the requirements of BS 5930.
6. For both peak and remoulded tests rotation of the vane shall be
terminated when the soil has conclusively sheared or when the readings
are either constant or falling for at least 20 degrees of rotation. The time
Subsurface Investigation
Page 38 of 55
8/18/2016
Scope
The JKR or Mackintosh Probe shall be carried out at locations shown in the
Drawings or as indicated by the S.O and shall consist of driving a standard
probe into the ground and recording the resistance to penetration.
b)
Equipment
The apparatus used shall be the standard JKR Probe or the Mackintosh Probe.
The probing rig shall consist of a stable frame for driving the extension rods
and cone vertically, with a guide to provide lateral support for that part of the
extension rods protruding above the soil or exposed in water, the means of
handling and operating the driving device and a means of extracting the rods
and cone. The guide shall be such that not more than 1.2m or rod is
unsupported at any one time and if the driving device is not separately
provided with a guide then not more than 0.6m of rod shall be unsupported
where the blow count is in excess of 15 blows per 300 mm.
c)
Procedure
The probing rig shall be erected so that the deviation from the vertical of the
first extension rod shall not be greater than 2%. Maximum deviation from the
vertical of the extension rods during driving shall be 5%.
The driving shall be as continuous as possible but in no case shall
interruptions longer than 5 minutes be allowed unless recorded on the
journal. The hammer shall be raised in such a way so as not to carry it more
or less than the defined height above the driving head. The cone shall be
driven at a rate of between 15 to 30 blows per minute, and the number of
blows shall be recorded for each 300 mm increment of penetration.
The probing shall be stopped when the resistance has reached 400 blows/300
mm penetration unless otherwise directed by the S.O.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 39 of 55
8/18/2016
General
The contractor shall, when required by the S.O, carry out soil tests specified in this
section at a laboratory accepted in writing by the S.O.
The laboratory work shall be completed within the works programme specified for
this ground investigation.
Where early completion is required in respect of a portion of the field works, the
laboratory testing relevant to that portion shall be completed within the partial
completion period specified.
3.2
3.3
Contractor's Supervision
Laboratory testing shall be carried out under the continuous supervision of a
competent Engineer or Senior Technician who is experienced in soil testing
procedures.
3.4
Staff Definitions
For laboratory testing the following definitions shall apply :
Engineer - an Engineer with a degree from an acceptable University or an equivalent
qualification in civil engineering, engineering geology, geology or materials
engineering, with 4 years post qualification experience.
Senior Technician - a person with at least 10 years' experiences gained in a soil
testing laboratory and fully familiar with triaxial testing procedures.
3.5
Access to Laboratory
The S.O shall have the right of access to the Contractor's laboratory while laboratory
testing is being carried out in connection with the contract.
3.6
3.7
Subsurface Investigation
Page 40 of 55
8/18/2016
3.8
Units to be used
The units used shall be in S.I. The measured accuracy required shall follow that in the
testing standards.
3.9
Testing Standards
The relevant testing standards and the additional testing requirements for all the tests
shall be as specified in Clause 1.27 of Section 1 of the specification.
3.10
3.11
Retention Of Samples
When laboratory tests are carried out on only part of a soil sample, the remainder of
the soil in the sampler or container shall be resealed with wax as soon as possible and
retained. Soil on which laboratory tests have been carried out, including that wasted
during the preparation of test specimens, shall be retained in airtight containers until
the presentation of the Final Report.
3.12
Subsurface Investigation
Page 41 of 55
8/18/2016
Additional information
to be submitted
- testing standard and method used.
- note on any unavoidable variation
from
standard procedure with reasons.
- contract title and reference number.
- Exploratory Hole Number and Sample
Number
- date of testing.
- depth of sample.
- description of sample including fabric
and structures.
- comment on any unusual test results.
CLASSIFICATION TESTS
2
Moisture content
- BS 1377 : Part 2 : 1990 clause 3.2
Linear shrinkage
- BS 1377 : Part 2 : 1990 clause 6.5
Bulk Density
- BS 1377 : Part 2 : 1990 clause 7.2
5
6
Particle Density
- BS 1377 : Part 2 : 1990
clause 8.2 and 8.3.
- for soils consisting of particles finer than
2 mm, clause 8.3 of BS 1377 : Part 2 :
1990 is to be used.
- for highly organic soils and soils
containing soluble salts, kerosene or
white spirit may replace water.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 42 of 55
8/18/2016
Additional information
to be submitted
CHEMICAL TEST
8
- as in item 8.
10
11
12
pH value
- BS 1377 : part 3 : 1990 clause 9.
13
14
15
Carbonate Content
- BS 1377 : Part 3 : 1990 clause 6.3 or 6.4
where relevant.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 43 of 55
8/18/2016
Additional information
to be submitted
COMPACTION-RELATED TESTS
16
Dry
Density/Moisture
Content
Relationship (2.5 kg rammer)
- BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 clause 3.3 for
sample passing a 20 mm test sieve or
- BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 clause 3.4 for
soil with some coarse gravel size
particle or
- BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 clause 3.7.
- at least 2 measured points either side of
optimum
- fresh sample to be used for each
moisture content
17
Dry
Density/Moisture
Content
Relationship (4.5 kg rammer)
- BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 clause 3.5 for
sample passing a 20 mm test sieve or
- BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 clause 3.6 soil
with some coarse gravel size particle or
- BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 clause 3.7.
- at least 2 measured points either side of
optimum.
- fresh sample to be used for each
moisture content.
- As in Item 16.
18
19
20
21
22
Subsurface Investigation
Page 44 of 55
8/18/2016
Additional information
to be submitted
23
24
25
CBR/dry/density/moisture content
relationship
- BS 1377 : part 4 : 1990 clause 7 with BS
1377 : Part 4 : 1990 clause 3.3 or 3.4 or
3.5 or 3.6 or 3.7 whichever is specified
or appropriate.
- compaction will be in CBR mould.
- at least 2 measured points either side of
optimum.
- fresh sample to be used for each
moisture content.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 45 of 55
8/18/2016
26
COMPRESSIBILITY,
PERMEABILITY AND DURABILITY
TESTS
Additional information
to be submitted
- initial dimension.
- measured particle density.
- tabulation of void ratio (e) compression
index (Cc ) and pre-consolidation
pressure (Pc) in kN/m2 , coefficient of
consolidation (Cv) in m2/yr, and
coefficient of volume compressibility
(Mv) in m2/MN for each loading stage.
- graph of coefficient of consolidation
(Cv) in m2/yr against logarithm of mean
consolidation pressure.
- Preconsolidation pressure (Pc)
- coefficient of secondary compression
for each load increment.
- plastic and liquid limit of specimen as
described in clause 4.3 and 5.3 of BS
1377 : Part 2 : 1990.
27
28
Subsurface Investigation
Page 46 of 55
8/18/2016
29
30
Dispersibility
- BS 1377 : Part 5 : 1990 clause 6.
Additional information
to be submitted
- as in item 26 where appropriate.
- indicate change in void ratio or height
due to saturation on the plot of void
ratio or compression against log
pressure.
STRENGTH TESTING
i) Direct Shear Test
31
32
33
35
Subsurface Investigation
Page 47 of 55
8/18/2016
36
Additional information
to be submitted
- as in item 35.
38
Consolidated
Drained
Triaxial
compression with measurement of volume
change.
- BS 1377 : Part 8 : 1990 clause 3, 4, 5, 6
and 8.
- carried out on either a set of 3 x 38 mm,
50 mm or 70 mm diameter test
specimens whichever is specified.
- consolidation stage to be continued until
98% is reached.
- rate of shearing to be calculated base on
t
100 from pore water pressure dissipation.
- as above.
39
- sample description
- salinity in g/litre
Subsurface Investigation
Page 48 of 55
8/18/2016
Additional information
to be submitted
41
- method of testing.
42
- methods of testing.
43
- methods of testing.
44
- specimen dimension.
- specimen density.
- rate of loading (KN/min).
- Compressive strength kN/m2 or N/mm2
- value of Youngs Modulus and
Poissons Ratio is specified.
- stress and poissons ratio against strain
plot.
45
46
47
Subsurface Investigation
Page 49 of 55
8/18/2016
Additional information
to be submitted
48
49
Slake Durability
- ASTM : Designation D 4644-87
50
Determination of Participle
Densities and Water Absorption
Aggregate
- BS 812 : Part 107 : 1990.
- method of testing.
of
51
- method of testing.
52
- method of testing.
53
- method of testing.
54
- method of testing.
55
Determination of Aggregate
Crushing Value (ACV)
- BS 812 : Part 110 : 1990
- method of testing.
56
- method of testing.
57
- method of testing.
58
- method of testing.
59
Determination of Soundness
- BS 812 : Part 121 : 1990
- method of testing.
Subsurface Investigation
Page 50 of 55
8/18/2016
Information to be Submitted
4.1.1
4.1.2
Specific Information for the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) carried out in
Boreholes.
The specific information for the Standard Penetration Test shall be submitted as
follows :1. Number of blows of each 75 mm penetration.
2. The penetration resistance N value, including the initial 150 mm
seating penetration.
3. For high blow counts, the penetration for a fixed number of blow counts
as required in the Specification for the Standard Penetration Test.
4. Boring method, size, depth of borehole and depth of casing (daily journal
only).
5. Information on water added (daily journal only).
6. Depth to water inside casing if water added to stabilise borehole.
4.1.3
Subsurface Investigation
Page 51 of 55
8/18/2016
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
Subsurface Investigation
Page 52 of 55
8/18/2016
=
measured water pressure
o
=
initial water pressure (hydrostatic)
7. The tabulated and plotted results shall be prepared from the recording
data to the resolution given in the Specification for the piezocone test.
The use of graphical plots to prepare the preliminary records shall not be
permitted. The scales quoted above may be altered by the S.O depending
on the actual conditions encountered.
4.1.7
Subsurface Investigation
Page 53 of 55
8/18/2016
4.1.8
4.1.9
4.2
Daily Journals
The Contractor shall prepare for each Exploratory Hole and Insitu field test, a daily
Journal which shall be of a form to be approved by the S.O. The Journals for each
Exploratory Hole and insitu field test shall be submitted to the S.O at the beginning of
the next working day following the day to which they refer. The journal shall contain
the information required in Clause 4.1 where relevant.
4.3
4.4
Subsurface Investigation
Page 54 of 55
8/18/2016
Final Report
The Final Report shall consist of a factual report on the Soils Investigation carried out
for the project. The Report shall be bound in loose leafed hard backed multiple ring
binders with not more than 50mm thickness of pages in each volume, or as otherwise
directed by the S.O. The cover of the report shall highlight the S.O, the title of the
project, the contractor and the duration dates of the field works (in that order). The
Final Report shall contain the following information :
1. A brief factual description of the works, stating the aim and scope of the
Works, the numbers and types of Exploratory Holes, Soundings and field
tests, duration and time of year, weather conditions encountered, a brief
description of the Site Operations and List of laboratory tests including
testing standards used.
2. A brief description of equipment and procedures used for forming
Exploratory holes, Soundings and carrying out field tests.
3. Records of Exploratory Holes, Soundings and field test including all the
information required in Clause 4.1 where relevant. The records shall
include all the information presented in the preliminary records updated
as necessary based on laboratory test results and further examination of
samples.
4. Standpipe and piezometer records, including relevant permeability test
results.
5. All laboratory test records and results.
6. Summary sheets of all test results.
7. Site plans showing locations of all Exploratory Holes, Soundings and
areas covered by the Soils Investigation, including the Scale and North
sign.
8. All soil description presented shall take into account laboratory test
results strictly in accordance with BS 5930 : 1981.
4.6
Subsurface Investigation
Page 55 of 55
8/18/2016