Draft Law Regarding Matrimonial Regimes Family Donations and Successions PDF
Draft Law Regarding Matrimonial Regimes Family Donations and Successions PDF
Draft Law Regarding Matrimonial Regimes Family Donations and Successions PDF
WITEGEKO
N LAW
N
....OF..REGARDING
..RYO
KU MATRIMONIAL
REGIMES,
FAMILY
WA...RIGENGA
IMICUNGIRE DONATIONS AND SUCCESSIONS
YUMUTUNGO WABASHYINGIRANYWE,
IMPANO
ZITANZWE
MU
RWEGO
RWUMURYANGO NIZUNGURA
Perezida wa Repubulika,
Prsident de la Rpublique;
INTEKO
ISHINGA
AMATEGEKO
YEMEJE, NONE NATWE DUHAMIJE,
DUTANGAJE ITEGEKO RITEYE RITYA
KANDI DUTEGETSE KO RYANDIKWA
MU
IGAZETI
YA
LETA
YA
REPUBUBULIKA YU RWANDA.
THE PARLIAMENT:
LE PARLEMENT :
Umutwe wabadepite, mu nama yawo yo ku wa The Chamber of Deputies, in its session of La Chambre des Dputs, en sa sance du
.
.
.;
Ishingiye ku Itegeko-Nshinga rya Repubulika yu
Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003 nkuko
ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, cyane cyane mu ngingo
zaryo za 26, iya 27, iya 28, iya 62, iya 88, iya 90,
iya 108, iya 118, iya 121, niya 201;
Vu la Constitution de la Rpublique du
Rwanda du 04 juin 2003, telle que rvise
ce jour, spcialement en ses articles 26, 27,
28, 62, 88, 90, 108, 118, 121 et 201 ;
imicungire yumutungo
impano nizungura;
wabashyingiranywe,
YEMEJE:
INTERURO
RUSANGE
successions ;
HEREBY ADOPTS:
YA
MBERE:
ADOPTE :
TITRE
PREMIER :
GENERALES
DISPOSITIONS
Iri tegeko rigenga imicungire yumutungo This Law regulates matrimonial regimes, family La prsente loi rgit les rgimes
wabashyingiranywe, impano zitanzwe mu rwego donations and succession.
matrimoniaux, libralits et successions.
rwumuryango nizungura
Ingingo ya 2: Ibisobanuro byamagambo
Muri iri tegeko, usibye aho bivugitse ukundi, In this Law, except where the context indicates Pour la prsente loi, except o le contexte en
amagambo akurikira asobanura:
otherwise, the following terms shall be defined as dispose autrement, les termes suivants sont
follows:
dfinis comme suit:
1 Imicungire
yumutungo
wabashyinginwa: amabwiriza yose agenga
uburyo abashyingiranwe bazajya umutungu
wabo mu gihe babana nkumugabo
numugore;
3 Uburyo
wumuhahano:
abashyingiranwe
bwivangamutungo
amasezerano
bagirana
bumvikana
7 Impano
zitanzwe
mu
rwego
rwumuryango: Byitwa impano itanzwe mu
rwego rwumuryango, iyo abashyingiranwe
cyangwa umwe muri bo atanze cyangwa
ahawe nta kiguzi uburenganzira ku kintu
runaka;
8 Umucuruzi:
byubucuruzi
commercial
activities,
3
defined
under
the
Companies Law;
dfinie par la
commerciales ;
sur
les
socits
9 Quotit
disponible:
partion
du
patrimoine dune personne dont elle peut
disposer librement par donation ou
testament ;
amerekezo
atakiriho;
yibintu
bye
igihe
azaba
death;
Niba ugushyingirwa kutarakurikiwe no kubana If after the civil marriage, there is no cohabitation
kwabashyingiranywe, hanyuma iryo sezerano and
subsequently marriage is nullified for any
rikaza kuvanwaho ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, reason, the matrimonial regime shall have no effect.
amasezerano yo gucunga umutungo ntabwo
ashyirwa mu bikorwa.
INTERURO
YA
II:
IMICUNGIRE TITLE II: MATRIMONIAL REGIMES
YUMUTUNGO WABASHYINGIRANYWE
UMUTWE
WA
MBERE:
UBWOKO CHAPTER ONE: TYPES OF MATRIMONIAL CHAPITRE PREMIER : TYPES
BWIMICUNGIRE
YUMUTUNGO REGIMES
REGIMES MATRIMONIAUX
WABASHYINGIRANYWE
Ingingo ya 4: Ubwoko bwimicungire Article 4: Types of matrimonial regimes
yumutungo wabashyingiranywe
DE
Abagiye gushyingirwa bahitamo bumwe mu The future spouses shall choose one of the following Les futurs poux dclarent qu'ils entendent se
buryo bwicungamutungo bukurikira:
matrimonial regimes:
marier sous l'un des rgimes matrimoniaux
suivants :
6
1 Ivangamutungo rusange;
1 community property;
1 le rgime
universelle ;
de
la
communaut
2 Ivangamutungo wumuhahano;
3 Ivanguramutungo risesuye
3 separation of property.
Abashyingiranywe batagize icyo bahitamo igihe If the spouses make no election, they shall be married
cyamasezerano yo gushyingirwa, imicungire under the community property regime.
yumutungo wabo ikurikizwa ni ivangamutungo
rusange.
Section
premire:
Regime
communaut universelle
de
la
Ingingo ya 5: Imicungire yumutungo Article 5: Management of property in the Article 5 : Gestion des biens des poux
wabashyingirwanywe bavanze umutungo
community property regime
maris sous le rgime de la communaut
universelle
Gucunga umutungo bijyana nububasha bwo Subject to exceptions provided by the law, the
kuwukoresha
uko
bikwiye,
kuwikenuza, management of property comprises the powers of
kuwutanga no kuwugurisha haseguriwe ibyo administration, enjoyment and disposition.
amategeko ateganya.
Ingingo ya 6: Kwishyura imyenda yafashwe Article 6: Payment of debts contracted before the Article 6 : Payement des dettes antrieures
mbere
marriage
Abashyingiranywe bafatanya kwishyura imyenda Spouses are jointly liable for debts contracted before Les deux poux restent tenus conjointement
yafashwe mbere yisezerano ryugushyingirwa na and during their marriage.
des dettes nes avant ou pendant leur mariage.
nyuma yaryo.
Ingingo ya 7: Uguseswa
bwivangamutungo rusange
Iyo
uburyo
bwivangamutungo
rusange
busheshwe ku mpamvu ziteganywa mu ngingo ya
23 yiri tegeko, abari barashyingiranywe
bagabana mu buryo bungana umutungo
nimyenda bahuriyeho. Ibikoresho bidashobora
gusangirwa nibikoreshwa mu kazi kumwe mu
bashyingiranywe bihabwa mbere na mbere
usanzwe abikoresha.
Ingingo ya 8: Ibarura ryumutungo rizaba Article 8: Inventory of patrimony to constitute the Article 8 : Inventaire du patrimoine devant
iremezo ryvangamutungo wumuhahano
community property
former la base de la communaut rduite
aux acquts
Igihe cyo gukora amasezerano yo gushyingirwa,
hashingiwe kubyo abashyingiranwa ubwabo
bivugiye, hakorwa ibaruramutungo ryerekana
umutongo nimyenda buri wese ageneye iremezo
ryibihahano. Iryo barura risinywa nabagiye
gushyingirwa
ndetse
numwanditsi
wirangamimerere.
Ikintu cyose kitabaruwe ko ari rusange kiba ari Any property that is not declared as common Tout ce qui n'y figure pas constitue un bien
icya nyiracyo.
property shall be considered personal property.
propre.
Ingingo ya 9: Icungwa ryumutungo Article 9: Management of property in the limited Article 9 : Gestion des biens des poux
wabashyingiranywe
mu
buryo community property regime
maris sous le rgime de la communaut
bwivangamutungo wumuhahano
rduite aux acquts
Abashyingiranywe
bavanze
umutungo
wumuhahano bacunga umutungo rusange mu
buryo bumvikanyeho bombi; bafite kandi
uburenganzira bungana bwo gukurikirana no
guhagararira uwo mutungo basangiye.
Ingingo ya 10: Iyishyurwa ry imyenda Article 10: Payment of debts contracted by one of Article
10 : Payement
des
yafashwe numwe mu bashakanye
the spouses
contractes par lun des conjoints
9
dettes
Iyo umutungo rusange udahagije kugira ngo If the whole debt cannot be paid from the common Lorsque celui-ci ne peut couvrir l'entiret de
wishyure uwo mwenda wose, ibisigaye patrimony, the outstanding balance shall be paid in la dette, le solde est pay par parts gales sur
byishyurwa numutungo wa buri wese mu equal parts from the patrimony of each spouse.
le patrimoine propre de chaque poux.
bashakanye ku buryo bungana.
Inguzanyo nimyenda byafashwe mu nyungu
zumuntu ku giti cye byishyurwa na
nyirukubifata ku mutungo we bwite. Nyamara
iyo mu gihe cyo kuwufata habayeho ubufatanye,
uwo mwenda wishyurwa ku mutungo rusange.
Ingingo ya 11: Iseswa ryivangamutungo Article 11: Dissolution of the limited community Article 11: Dissolution du rgime de
wumuhahano
property regime
communaut rduite aux acquts
Iyo ivangamutungo wumuhahano risheshwe,
umutungo
wumuhahano
ugabanywa
abashyingiranwe mu buryo bungana hakurikijwe
amabwiriza agenga ivangamutungo rusange,
hanyuma buri wese akagumana umutongo we
bwite.
10
Ingingo ya 12: Icungwa ryumutungo Article 12: Management of property in the Article 12 : Gestion des biens des poux
wabashyingiranywe
mu
buryo separation of property regime
maris sous le rgime de la sparation des
bwivanguramutungo risesuye
biens
Mu buryo bwivanguramutungo risesuye,
abashyingiranywe baba bafite ububasha bwo
gucunga, kwikenuza, kutanga no kugurisha uko
bashatse umutungo wabo, bapfa gusa kubahiriza
inshingano zo gutanga ibitunga urugo zikomoka
ku isezerano ryo gushyingirwa.
Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe adashoboye If a spouse does not have proof of exclusive
kubona gihamya ko umutungo runaka ari uwe ku ownership of any property, it shall be deemed joint
giti cye, uwo mutungo ufatwa nkaho bombi property, shared equally by the two spouses.
bawufanije mu buryo bungana.
Ingingo ya 13: Ubutumwa bwo gucunga Article 13: Delegation of power to administer Article 13 : Mandat dadministration du
umutungo
patrimony
patrimoine
Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe mu buryo
bwivanguramutungo risesuye ahaye uwo
bashyingiranywe ubutumwa bwo kumucungira
umutungo,
amategeko
rusange
agenga
amasezerano yubutumwa niyo akurikizwa.
Buri wese mu bashyingiranywe mu buryo Each spouse is liable for personal debts contracted Chacun des poux reste seul tenu des dettes
bwivanguramutungo risesuye afite inshingano before or during the marriage, unless s/he has nes en sa personne avant ou pendant le
zo kwishyura ubwe imyenda yafashe mbere contracted them for the benefit of the family.
mariage, hors le cas o il les a contractes
11
Umwenda bahuriyeho bawishyura bombi ku Common debts are borne equally by each spouse.
mutungo wa buri wese kandi mu buryo bungana.
Ingingo ya 15: Iseswa ryivanguramutungo Article 15: Dissolution of the separation of Article 15 : Dissolution du rgime
risesuye
property regime
Iyo ivanguramutungo risheshwe, buri wese mu If dissolution occurs, each spouse retains the right to En cas de dissolution du rgime de sparation
bashyingirwanywe yegukana umutungo we his/her personal property.
des biens, chacun rentre en proprit de tous
bwite.
ses biens.
UMUTWE
WA
II:
INGINGO CHAPTER II: PROVISIONS COMMON TO CHAPITRE
II:
DISPOSITIONS
ZIHURIWEHO
MU
MICUNGIRE ALL MATRIMONIAL REGIMES
COMMUNES
AUX
REGIMES
YUMUTUNGO WABASHYINGIRANYWE
MATRIMONIAUX
Ingingo ya 16: Uburenganzira ninshingano Article 16: Rights and duties of the spouses Article 16 : Des droits et obligations
zabashyingiranywe bikomoka ku isezerano arising from the marriage
matrimoniales des poux
ryugushyingirwa
Hatitawe ku buryo bwo gucunga umutungo,
abashyingiranywe
bagomba
kubahiriza
uburenganzira ninshingano byabo bikomoka ku
isezerano ryo gushyingirwa, amategeko agenga
ububasha bwa kibyeyi, icungwa ryumutungo
wumwana ryemewe namategeko nayerekeye
ubwishingire.
Ingingo ya 17: Kwandikisha uburyo Article 17: Recording the matrimonial regime in Article 17 : Inscription du rgime
bwimicungire
yumutungo the marriage registry
matrimonial dans le registre des actes de
wabashyingiranywe mu gitabo cyinyandiko
mariage
yabashyingiranywe
12
Ku munsi wimihango yo gusezerana, uburyo On the day of the civil marriage, the matrimonial Le choix du rgime est inscrit, au jour de la
bwo gucunga umutungo abashyingiranywe regime chosen is recorded in the marriage registry clbration du mariage, au registre des actes
bahisemo bwandikwa mu gitabo cyandikwamo and on the marriage certificate.
de mariage ainsi que dans l'acte de mariage.
abashyingiranywe ndetse no munyandiko
yabashyingiranywe.
Ingingo ya 18: Itangazwa ryamasezerano yo Article 18: Notification of marriage contract for Article 18 : Publication du contrat de
gushyingirwa kwabacuruzi
business people
mariage des commerants
Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe ari umucuruzi
mu gihe cyimihango yo gusezerana cyangwa
akaba we nyuma, amasezerano yo gushyingirwa
nibyaba byakosoweho bitangazwa hakurikijwe
amategeko akoreshwa mu bucuruzi no ku
bacuruzi.
Ingingo
ya
19:
Guhitamo
uburyo Article 19: Choice of matrimonial regime by Article 19 : Choix du rgime matrimonial
bwimicungire
yumutungo authorized minors and legally incompetent par le mineur autoris ou majeur en tutelle
wabashyingiranywe ku bana bakiri bato persons of full age
bahawe uburenganzira cyangwa abakuze
bishingiwe
Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe ari umwana muto
wahawe
uburenganzira,
ahitamo
uburyo
bwimicungire yumutungo wabashyingiranywe
abigiriwemo inama nufite ububasha bwa
kibyeyi.
13
When one of the spouses is of full age but under Le majeur en tutelle ou sous conseil judiciaire
trusteeship or assistance, s/he shall choose a ne peut pas choisir son rgime matrimonial
matrimonial regime with the assistance of his/her sans lassistance de son tuteur ou de son
trustee or adviser.
conseiller.
Guhindura
uburyo Article 20: Modification of the matrimonial Article 20 :
yumutungo regime
matrimonial
Changement
du
rgime
Ikirego gitangwa mu buryo bwikirego gitanzwe Request shall be submitted under a unilateral request La requte est introduite sous forme de
numuburanyi umwe mu rukiko rubifitiye procedure before a competent court where the requte unilatrale devant le tribunal
ububasha
rukorera
mu
ifasi
yaho spouses reside.
comptent du lieu de rsidence des poux.
abashyingiranywe baba.
Iyo urukiko rwanze ku buryo budasubirwaho In case of a final decision rejecting the request, any
icyo cyifuzo, abashyingiranywe ntibashobora other request shall not be resubmitted before the
kongera kubisaba hadashize imyaka ibiri kandi expiration of two (2) years, and upon new elements.
bishingiye gusa ku ngingo nshya.
Ingingo ya 21: Kwandikwa kwihinduka Article 21: Recording modifications of the Article 21: Inscription de la modification
ryuburyo
bwimicungire
yumutungo matrimonial regime
du rgime matrimonial
wabashyingiranywe
Mu gihe cyukwezi uhereye igihe icyemezo Within one month of when the final decision Dans le dlai d'un mois compter de la date
kidagishoboye kujuririrwa cyo guhindura uburyo modifying the regime is made, the applicant shall laquelle la dcision dfinitive de modification
bwimicungire yumutungo wabashyingiranywe request that the Court Clerk send the ruling to the du rgime matrimonial est intervenue et n'est
14
cyafatiweho, bisabwe nuwatanze ikirego, Civil Status Officer of the place where the civil plus susceptible de recours, l'ordonnance s'y
icyemezo cyumucamanza kirebana niryo marriage occurred for transcription on the marriage rapportant est, la diligence du demandeur,
hinduka gishyikirizwa numwanditsi wurukiko, certificate.
transmise par le greffier de la juridiction
umwanditsi wirangamimerere ukorera mu ifasi
l'Officier de l'tat civil du lieu de conclusion
yaho imihango yo gushyingirwa yabereye kugira
du contrat de mariage aux fins de sa mention
ngo byandikwe mu nyandiko yabasezerana.
dans l'acte de mariage.
Ni no muri cyo gihe cyukwezi kandi, icyemezo
cyumucamanza
cyo
guhindura
uburyo
bwimicungire yumutungo wabashyingiranywe
kigomba kwandikwa mu gitabo cyabacuruzi,
kikanatangazwa mu binyamakuru bibiri bisomwa
cyane mu gihugu, ku mafaranga yubisaba, iyo
umwe mu bashyingiranywe ari umucuruzi.
Ingingo ya 22: Ukwamburwa uburenganzira Article 22: Divestment of the right to administer Article
22 :
Dchance
du
bwo gucunga umutungo
patrimony
dadministration du patrimoine
Hatitawe ku buryo bwimicungire yumutungo,
iyo umwe mu bashakanye abangamiye inyungu
zurugo, kwaba kutita ku mutungo wumuryango
ndetse nuwe bwite, cyangwa kuwupfusha ubusa,
ashobora kwakwa ububasha bwo kuwucunga,
kuwikenuza, kuwutanga no kuwugurisha,
bisabwe nuwo bashakanye cyangwa undi wese
waba abifitemo inyungu.
droit
Ikirego gitangwa mu buryo bwikirego gitanzwe Requests shall be submitted as a unilateral petition of La requte est introduite sous forme de
15
numuburanyi umwe mu rukiko rubifitiye one of the spouses before a competent court at the requte unilatrale la Juridiction comptente
ububasha
rukorera
mu
ifasi
yaho place where the spouses reside.
du lieu de rsidence des poux.
abashyingiranywe baba.
Uretse igihe bibaye ngombwa ko urukiko
rushyiraho ucunga umutungo, umucamanza aha
umwe
mu
bashyingiranywe
wabisabye,
uburenganzira bwo gucunga umutungo bwite
wuwambwambuwe, maze agafata ibyabyawe
nuwo mutungo mu gukemura ibibazo byurugo,
ibisigaye akabizigama.
Uwambuwe ubwo bubasha ashobora gusaba The divested spouse may subsequently petition the
urukiko gusubirana ububasha bwo gucunga court for restoration of his/her rights once the
umutungo we iyo agaragaje ko impamvu zari underlying cause of the divestment no longer exists.
zateye umucamanza kubumwambura zitakiriho.
Article 23 :
matrimonial
Uburyo
bwimicungire
wabashyingiranywe buseswa
zikurikira :
Dissolution
du
rgime
1 gutana kwabashyingiranwe;
1 divorce;
1 le divorce;
2 modification;
3 le dcs.
Ingingo ya 24: Imicungire yumutungo Article 24: Matrimonial regimes for foreigners Article 24 : Rgimes matrimoniaux des
wabashyingiranywe babanyamahanga baba residing in Rwanda
trangers rsidant au Rwanda
mu Rwanda
16
Uburyo
bwimicungire
yumutungo
wabashyingiranywe babanyamahanga baba mu
Rwanda bugengwa nitegeko ryigihugu bafitiye
ubwenegihugu, cyangwa itegeko ryu Rwanda,
niba nta bwenegihugu buzwi bafite.
TITRE
III :
LIBERALITES
CARACTERE FAMILIAL
UMUTWE
WA
MBERE:
INGINGO CHAPTER ONE: COMMON PROVISIONS CHAPITRE PREMIER: DISPOSITIONS
ZIHURIWEHO NIMPANO ZITANZWE FOR FAMILY DONATIONS
COMMUNES AUX LIBERALITES A
MU RWEGO RYUMURYANGO
CARACTERE FAMILIAL
Ingingo ya 25: Impano itanzwe mu rwego Article 25: Definition of family donations
rwumuryango
Impano itanzwe mu rwego rwumuryango Family donations are made by authentic deed, written Une libralit caractre gnral peut tre
ishobora gukorerwa inyandiko mpamo cyangwa agreement or simple transfer.
faite par actes authentique ou sous-seing priv
inyandiko bwite cyangwa igashyikirizwa gusa
ou par simple tradition.
nyirayo.
Ingingo ya 26:
Ikoreshwa ryamategeko Article 26: Application of contract law to family Article 26: Application du droit des
agenga amasezerano ku mpano zitanzwe mu donations
contrats aux libralits caractre familial
rwego rwumuryango
Amategeko arebana nubushobozi bwo gukorana
nundi amasezerano narebana nibisabwa kugira
ngo inyandiko zigire agaciro niyo akoreshwa ku
mpano zitanzwe mu rwego rwumuryango,
hubahirijwe amategeko agenga imicungire
yumutungo wabashakanye.
17
Ingingo ya 27: Kwemera impano zitanzwe mu Article 27: Consent to family donations
rwego rwumuryango
Ingingo ya 28: Umugabane wibishobora Article 28: Transferable quota in family donations Article 28: Quotit disponible pour les
gutangwa
libralits caractre familial
Yubahirije
amategeko
agenga
uburyo
bwimicungire
yumutungo
yahisemo,
uwashyingiwe wese afite uburenganzira bwo
gutanga impano, apfa kutarenza umugabane
wibyo ashobora gutanga.
Hatitawe
ku
buryo
bw'icungamutungo,
umugabane w'ibishobora gutangwa ntushobora
kurenga 1/5 cy'umutungo w'utanga iyo afite
abana, 4/5 bikaba ibizungurwa bizigamirwa
abana.
Ibizungurwa bizigamirwa bibarwa bashingiye ku The successoral reserve shall be comprised of the La rserve successorale se calcule sur base de
mutungo wutanga havanywemo imyenda yari personal patrimony of the donor less any debts the la diffrence entre lactif du patrimoine du
18
Ingingo ya 29: Inkurikizi zimpano zitanzwe Article 29: Effects of a family donation
mu rwego rwumuryango
Impano zitanzwe mu rwego rwumuryango A family donation takes effect on the date of La libralit caractre familial ne produit
zibyara inkurikizi ku munsi zemeweho. Uzemera acceptance by the donee. Acceptance shall be done d'effet qu'au jour de son acceptation. Celle-ci
ashobora kubikora mu nyandiko cyangwa mu verbally or in writing.
peut tre verbale ou crite.
mvugo.
Uguha umuntu uburenganzira ku mutungo The transfer of ownership of movable or immovable
wimukanwa cyangwa utimukanwa ugiye property shall be done in accordance with general
gutangwa bikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko laws on the matter.
asanzwe.
Ingingo ya 30: Kubura agaciro kwimpano Article 30: Nullity of family donations
zitanzwe mu rwego rwumuryano
Est nulle :
1 impano
yose
itanzwe
mu
rwego
rwumuryango ku buryo ishyirwa mu
bikorwa ryayo rishingira kugushaka
kwuwayitanze wenyine;
19
Ingingo ya 31: Iseswa ryimpano yatanzwe Article 31: Revocation of family donations
mu rwego rwumuryango
Impano
ikozwe
hagati
yabagamije Donations between future spouses are revocable Les donations entre les futurs poux sont
gushyingiranwa ishobora guseswa iyo iryo whenever the marriage does not occur.
rvocables toutes les fois que le mariage n'est
shyingirwa ritabayeho.
pas clbr.
Impano yose ikozwe mu rwego rwumuryango
iseswa ku mpamvu zikurikira:
Any donation shall be revocable for the following Toute donation de caractre familial est
reasons:
rvocable pour cause :
1 the donee fails to fulfill any of the obligations 1 dinexcution par le donataire des
required under the terms of the donation; or
obligations sous lesquelles elle a t
faite ;
2 Ubuhemu bwuwahawe.
2 ingratitude.
2 dingratitude.
Ingingo ya 32: Ikirego gisaba gusesa impano Article 32: Legal action to revoke family Article 32: Action en rvocation de la
yatanzwe mu rwego rwumuryango
donations
donation de caractre familial
Ikirego gisaba gusesa impano kigomba gutangwa
mu gihe cyumwaka uhereye igihe impamvu iryo
seswa risabirwa yabereyeho cyangwa igihe
nyirukurisaba yayimenyeyeho.
20
Ingingo ya 34: Inkurikizi ziseswa ryimpano Article 34: Effects of revocation of a family Article 34 : Effet de la rvocation de la
yatanzwe mu rwego rwumuryango
donation
donation de caractre familial
Iyo impano ishehwe, uwahawe ategekwa If revocation occurs, the donee shall return anything La rvocation de la donation oblige le
gusubiza ibyo yari yarahawe ku bwamasezerano s/he received by virtue of the donation to the donor.
donataire restituer au donateur ce quil a
yimpano.
reu en vertu du contrat.
Nyamara, ntashobora gutegekwa gusubiza
agaciro kibyo na we yatanze cyangwa
yagurishije mbere yo gushyikiriza urukiko
ikirego. Ntategekwa kandi gusubiza ibyo yabyaje
iyo mpano cyangwa izindi nyungu izo ari zo zose
yakuye kuriyo.
Ingingo ya 35: Amategeko akurizwa ku Article 35: Applicable law for inter vivos Article 35 : La loi applicable aux libralits
mpano hagati yabashyingiranwe bakiriho donations by foreigners living in Rwanda or by entre vifs des poux contenant un lment
umwe
ari
umunyamahanga
cyangwa Rwandans living abroad
dextranit
abanyarwanda bari mu mahanga
Impano hagati
zigengwa:
yabashyingiranwe
bakiriho Inter vivos donations by spouses are regulated as Les libralits entre vifs des poux sont
follows:
rgies :
les parties.
2 ku byerekeye icyo zivuga, inkurikizi
nibimenyetso byazo, nitegeko ryaho
zakorewe keretse abazikoranye babishatse
ukundi.
TYPES
OF
FAMILY CHAPITRE
II :
LIBERALITES
A
FAMILIAL
Impano zitanzwe mu rwego rwumuryango ni izi The only types of family donations shall be:
zikurikira:
2 Itanga ryumunani;
3 Itanga ryumurage.
3 legacy.
Umurage usobanurwa mu
ningingo zigenga izungura.
gice
TYPES
DE
CARACTERE
le partage d'ascendant;
le legs.
kirebana The provisions relating to legacies are found in the Cependant, le legs est trait au point relatif
Section on wills.
aux dispositions testamentaires
Ingingo ya 37: Itegeko rigenga impano hagati Article 37: Law regulating inter vivos family Article 37: Loi rgissant les donations entre
yabazima
donations
vifs caractre familial
Haseguriwe ibyateganywa ukundi niri tegeko, Subject to the exceptions established by the present Sous rserve des exceptions tablies par la
impano zikozwe mu rwego rwumuryango hagati Law, inter vivos family donations are regulated by prsente loi, les donations entre vifs
22
yabazima zigengwa
agenga amasezerano.
namategeko
Ingingo ya
yumunani
39:
Article 39 :
dascendant
Modalits
du
partage
Umunani utangwa ku bushake bwumubyeyi mu Ascending partition is given voluntarily by parents Le partage dascendant se fait au gr de
buryo bwimpano cyangwa bwizungura.
either by donation or will.
lascendant sous forme de donation ou sous
forme de testament.
Iyo umunani watanzwe mu buryo bwimpano,
abawuhawe bahita begukana ku buryo
budasubirwaho uburenganzira kuri wo. Nyamara
ibi ntibibuza ko habaho iseswa ritegetswe
nurukiko ku mpamvu zubuhemu bwuwahawe.
23
Ingingo ya 40: Ibintu bitagabanijwe mu itanga Article 40: Sharing property not given by Article 40 : Partage des biens non disposs
ryumunanai
ascending partition
par partage dascendant
Ibintu
ababyeyi
batatanzeho
umunani
bigabanywa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga
izungura nta rage ku munsi wurupfu
rwababyeyi.
Umwana wanze kuzungura, agumana ibintu A descendant who renounces any inheritance during
yahaweho umunani.
succession shall keep any property received by Cependant, si un descendant renonce la
ascending partition.
succession, il conserve ce quil a reu dans le
partage dascendant.
Ingingo ya 41: Ikirego kigamije kugabanya Article 41: Action to reduce the shares of other Article 41 : Action en rduction
ibyatanzwe
beneficiaries
Umwana utarabonetse mu itangwa ryumunani
cyangwa wahawe ibintu bigaragarira bose ko ari
bike ku byo yagombaga kubona ashobora
gutanga ikirego kigamije kuganya ibyatanzwe
niba nta bintu byasigaye yahabwaho umunani
cyangwa byakuzuza umugabane we.
24
Izungura rya nyakwigendera rishobora gukorwa Succession of the de cujus shall be wholly or
nta rage cyangwa ku buryo bwirage ku bintu partially intestate and/or testamentary.
byose cyangwa bimwe muri byo.
Ibintu nyakwigendera atatanzeho umurage Any property the de cujus does not give away by will
bigabanywa hakurikije amategeko agenga is devolved according to the provisions applicable to
izungura nta rage.
intestate succession.
UMUTWE WA
RYIZUNGURA
KUZUNGURA
MBERE:
Section
premire :
successions
Succession commences upon the death of the de La succession dune personne s'ouvre par son
cujus, at his/her domicile or residence.
dcs, au lieu de son domicile ou de sa
dernire rsidence.
Ouverture
des
Ritangizwa kandi nurubanza rutangaza urupfu If the de cujus is absent or has disappeared, it may Elle souvre aussi par le jugement dclaratif
iyo habayeho kuzimira cyangwa kubura.
also commence with a court decision declaring de dcs en cas dabsence ou de disparition.
him/her dead.
Nyuma
yitangira
ryizungura,
ugomba After succession commences, the liquidator is Aprs louverture de la succession, il est
kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa atoranywa mu appointed under the conditions provided in Article procd la dsignation du liquidateur dans
buryo bwateganijwe mu ngingo 76.
76.
les conditions prvues larticle 76.
Izungura nta buzima gatozi rifite. Rihagararirwa The succession shall not have legal personality, but La succession na pas de personnalit
imbere yinkiko nushinzwe kwegeranye the liquidator shall represent the estate before the juridique. Elle est reprsente devant les
umutungo uzungurwa
courts.
juridictions par le liquidateur.
25
Ingingo ya 45: Uburinganire bwabana mu Article 45: Equal treatment of children in Article 45: Egalit des enfants en matire
izungura
succession
de successions
Abana amategeko mbonezamubano yemera ko All children of the de cujus, as defined by the Civil
ari aba nyakwigendera bazungura ku buryo Code, shall inherit in equal parts without any
bungana nta vangura hagati y'umwana discrimination between male and female children.
w'umuhungu n'uw'umukobwa.
Ingingo ya 46: Uzungura cyangwa uhabwa Article 46: Succession by a legal heir or legatee
umurage
Ingingo ya 47: Kwamburwa nta mpaka Article 47: Automatic deprivation of succession Article 47 : Indignit de plein droit dans la
uburenganzira bwo kuzungura
rights
succession
26
Yamburwa nta mpaka uburenganzira bwo A legal heir or a legatee is automatically deprived of Est indigne de succder et, comme tel, exclu
kuzungura, umuzungura cyangwa uhabwa succession rights and is excluded from the de plein droit de la succession, l'hritier lgal
umurage wese:
liquidation of the estate of the de cujus if he/she:
ou le lgataire qui :
1 wakatiwe ninkiko kuba yarishe abishaka
cyangwa
yaragambiriye
kwica
nyakwigendera;
2 wakatiwe ninkiko kuba yarabeshyeye
cyangwa
yaratanzeho
nyakwigendera
ubuhamya bwibinyoma bwashoboraga
gutuma akatirwa ninkiko igifungo nibura
cyamezi atandatu;
A court judgment convicting the legal heir or legatee Le jugement de condamnation suffit pour
of the mentioned offences is sufficient to deprive carter doffice l'hritier lgal ou le lgataire
him/her of the right to succeed to property in the coupable de lune de ces infractions.
estate.
kwamburwa Article 48: Optional depravation of succession Article 48 : Indignit facultative dans la
rights
succession
Ashobora kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo Any legal heir or legatee may be deprived of Peut tre dclar indigne de succder,
kuzungura, umuzungura wese wemewe nitegeko succession rights if s/he has:
l'hritier lgal ou le lgataire qui :
cyangwa uwahawe umurage wese:
1 wacanye umubano wa kibyeyi
nyakwigendera igihe yari akiriho;
na
27
3 witwaje
ubushobozi
buke
bwa
nyakwigendera, ari ubwo mu mutwe
cyangwa ku mubiri, akiharira igice cyangwa
umurage wose;
Ingingo ya 49: Kwirengagiza impamvu Article 49: Circumstances that do not result in Article 49 :
lindignit
zambura uburenganzira bwo kuzungura
deprivation of right to succeed
Iyo mbere yo gupfa, nyakwigendera wari uzi
impamvu yashoboraga gutera kwamburwa
uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, yagize icyo aha
uwagombaga kubwamburwa cyangwa ntahindure
impano yamuhaye, nyamara yarashoboraga
kubikora, uzungura ntiyamburwa uburenganzira
bwo kuzungura.
Non
considration
Ingingo ya 50: Inkurikizi zo kwamburwa Article 50: Effects of deprivation of succession Article 50 : Effet de lindignit
uburenganzira bwo kuzungura
rights
28
de
Any person who is deprived of succession rights Celui qui est dclar indigne est exclu de la
shall not succeed to any property of the de cujus. The succession du de cujus. La part qui devait lui
share to which s/he was entitled shall devolve to the revenir accroit la part des autres hritiers.
other successors.
UMUTWE
WA
BWIZUNGURA
II:
CHAPITRE
SUCCESSIONS
II:
TYPES
Icyiciro cya mbere: Izungura rikozwe ku Section one: Testamentary succession and legacy
buryo bwirage numurage
Section
premire :
testamentaires et legs
DE
Successions
Ingingo ya 51: Ubushobozi bwuraga cyangwa Article 51: Capacity of the testator or the legatee
uhabwa umurage
Uhabwa umurage we agomba kuba afite ubwo The legatee is also obliged to possess such capacity Pour le lgataire, la capacit sapprcie au
29
at the time of accepting the property given to him/her jour de lacceptation du testament.
by the will.
The following types of wills are recognized under the Le testament peut tre :
law:
1 mu nyandiko bwite;
1 holographic;
1 olographe ;
4 mu nyandiko mpamo.
4 authentic.
4 authentique.
beneficiaries
of
the
Irage rikozwe mu nyandiko bwite ni irage A holographic will is entirely handwritten, dated and Le testament olographe est celui qui est crit
ryanditswe
ryose
na
nyirukurikora, signed by the testator.
en entier de la main du testateur, dat et sign
akarishyiraho itariki numukono bye.
par lui.
Iyo utanga irage atazi kwandika cyangwa nta If the testator cannot write or is unable to draft or Dans le cas o le testateur ne sait pas crire
bushobozi afite bwo kwandika no bwo gushyira sign his/her will, s/he can appoint someone to do it ou, le sachant mais se trouve dans l'incapacit
umukono ku irage, ashobora kwihitiramo on his/her behalf.
de rdiger ou de signer son testament, il peut
uryandika mu mwanya we.
dsigner celui qui l'tablira pour lui.
Kugira ngo ridata agaciro, irage rikozwe mu A will drafted according to the previous paragraph Le testament ainsi rdig par un tiers doit
30
buryo bwavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, will not be valid unless it is certified by the Civil peine de nullit, tre lgalis par l'Officier de
rigomba
kwemezwa
numwanditsi Status Officer or a public notary in presence of the l'tat civil ou par le notaire du lieu de sa
wirangamimerere, cyangwa ushinzwe guhamya testator and in the jurisdiction where it was drafted.
rdaction, en prsence du testateur.
inyandiko bakorera mu ifasi yaho ryakorewe
uraga ahibereye.
Ingingo ya 54: Irage rikorewe
yabazungura bazigamirwa
imbere Article 54: Will made before the beneficiaries of Article 54: Testament devant hritiers
the successoral reserve
rservataires
Irage
rikorewe
imbere
yabazungura
bazigamirwa ni irage ryanditswe nuraga
cyangwa undi muntu imbere yabazungura
bazigamirwa bashoboye kuboneka nabahamya
nibura babiri bakuru. Uraga ashyira umukono
kuri iryo rage cyangwa akariteraho igikumwe
imbere yabazungura bazigamiwe nabahamya,
maze nabo bakarishyiraho umukono cyangwa
igikumwe, uraga ahibereye.
Ingingo ya 55:
yabahamya
Irage rikorewe imbere yabahamya ni irage The will made before witnesses is prepared by the Le testament devant tmoins est celui qui est
ryanditswe nuraga cyangwa nundi muntu testator or another person in the presence of at least crit par le testateur ou par un tiers en
imbere yabahamya bakuru nibura bane.
four adult witnesses.
prsence d'au moins quatre tmoins majeurs.
Uraga arishyiraho umukono cyangwa akariteraho
igikumwe
imbere
yabahamya,
nabo
bakarishyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe
uraga ahiberereye.
The testator shall endorse the will with his/her Le testateur le signe ou y appose son
signature or thumbprint in the presence of the empreinte digitale en prsence des tmoins,
witnesses. The witnesses shall then sign the will in qui le signent galement, en prsence du
the testators presence.
testateur.
irage rikozwe muri ubwo buryo rigomba the testator in the jurisdiction where the will was doit peine de nullit, tre lgalis par
kwemezwa numwanditsi wirangamimerere executed.
l'Officier de l'tat civil ou par le notaire du
cyangwa umwanditsi uhamya inyandiko ukorera
lieu de sa rdaction, en prsence du testateur.
mu ifasi yaho irage ryakorewe maze
akarishyiraho umukono imbere yuraga.
Irage mpamo ni irage rikorerwa nuraga imbere An authentic will is made by the testator before the
yumwanditsi uhamya inyandiko cyangwa Civil Status Officer or the public notary of his/her
imbere yumwanditsi wirangamimerere waho residence or domicile.
atuye cyangwa aba.
Iyo
nyandiko
yumwimerere
nigitabo The original document and the register shall be
cyandikwamo irage bibikwa mu ibanga kandi confidential until the testator dies, at which time only
ntawe ushobora kumenya ibyanditswemo uraga concerned persons will be allowed to access them.
atarapfa kandi bikamenyeshwa gusa abarebwa
nirage bonyine.
32
Iyo ibiteganywa n'imirage ibiri cyangwa myinshi Where the provisions of two or more wills are Lorsque les dispositions de deux ou plusieurs
bibangamiranye, hubahirizwa ibikubiye mu irage incompatible, the most recently drafted will shall testaments ne sont pas compatibles, la
riherutse gukorwa.
prevail.
prfrence est donne aux dispositions
contenues dans le testament le plus rcent.
Ingingo ya 58: Ivanwaho ryirage
Irage rishobora kuvanwaho ryose cyangwa igice The testator may revoke his/her will in whole or in Tout testament peut tre rvoqu en tout ou en
cyaryo n'uwaraze, mu buryo bumwe n'ubusabwa part by following the same requirements necessary to partie par le testateur, dans les formes
kugira ngo irage rigire agaciro.
execute a valid will.
requises pour sa validit.
Ivanwaho ryirage ritesha agaciro iryo rage. Revocation explicitly nullifies a will. If no other will
Izungura ryumutungo wa nyakwigendera is executed, the estate of the de cujus shall devolve
rikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga izungura by intestate succession.
nta rage niba nta rindi rage ryigeze rikorwa.
Uraga ashobora gushyiraho umuntu umwe The testator may appoint one or several liquidators to Le testateur peut dsigner un ou plusieurs
cyangwa benshi bashinzwe kwegeranya no liquidate the estate.
excuteurs testamentaires qui sont chargs
kugabagabanya umutungo uzungurwa.
d'assurer la liquidation de la succession.
Akiciro ka 2: Itanga ryumurage
Sub-Section 2: Legacy
Umurage ushobora gukorwa ku bintu byose, ku A legacy can be universal, of general title or of Le legs peut tre universel, titre universel ou
bintu bimwe cyangwa ku bintu bizwi :
particular title:
titre particulier:
1 umurage kuri byose ni umurage uha
nyirukuwuhabwa
uburenganzira
ku
mutungo wose amategeko yemerera uraga
gutanga;
Iyo hariho abazungura bazigamirwa, umurage If there are any beneficiaries of the successoral
kuri byose ugarukira ku bintu uraga yemerewe reserve, the extent of a universal legacy or legacy by
gutanga. Ninako bigenda iyo umurage ukozwe ku general title is limited to the transferable quota.
gice kimwe cyumutungo.
En
prsence
dhritiers
rservataires,
luniversalit du legs se limite la quotit
disponible. De mme la quote-part en cas de
legs titre universel se calcule dans le respect
de la quotit disponible.
Any legacy of another persons property shall be Le legs de la chose dautrui est nul.
void.
Article 61 Lgataires
Uragwa ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi we A legatee by particular title shall not be liable for the Le lgataire particulier nest pas tenu aux
ntabwo ategekwa kurangiza inshingano za obligations of the de cujus. However, s/he shall obligations du dfunt. Cependant, il ne reoit
34
nyakwigendera. Gusa abona icyo yahaweho receive legacies following the order established sa libralit que dans le respect de lordre
umurage hakurikijwe urutonde ruteganywa mu under Article 67.
tabli larticle 67.
ngingo ya 67.
Ingingo ya 62: Kuraga abakene
Irage rikorewe ababerewemo imyenda ntabwo A legacy to a creditor shall not be presumed to be Le legs au crancier nest pas prsum fait en
rifatwa nkirihwanisha umwenda.
payment for the testators debts.
compensation de sa crance.
35
2 iyo
icyari
cyaratanzweho
cyangiritse cyose uraga akiriho;
umurage
Uraga ashobora gusesa umurage wose cyangwa The testator may revoke a legacy in whole or in part Tout legs peut tre rvoqu en tout ou en
igice cyawo mu buryo bwateganijwe kugira ngo by following the same requirements for executing a partie par le testateur, dans les formes
ugire agaciro.
valid legacy.
requises pour sa validit.
Umurage wakorewe uwo bashakanye mbere yo
gutandukana useswa nta mpaka iyo habayeho
cyicyemezo cyurukiko cyemera ubutane.
A legacy made for a spouse is automatically revoked Le legs fait au conjoint antrieurement au
by a court judgment for divorce.
divorce est rvoqu de plein droit par le
jugement de divorce.
Ingingo ya 66: Igisobanuro cyizungura nta Article 66: Definition of intestate succession
rage
Izungura nta rage ni izungura rikorwa Intestate succession, or succession ab intestat, is La succession lgale appele ab intestat est
hakurikijwe itegeko, iyo nta rage ryabayeho.
succession that occurs by law when no will exists.
une succession ouverte conformment la loi,
dfaut de testament.
36
1 abana ba nyakwigendera;
2 se na nyina ba nyakwigendera;
3 abavandimwe
ba
nyakwigendera
basangiye ababyeyi bombi;
4 abavandimwe
ba
nyakwigendera
basangiye umubyeyi umwe;
Haseguriwe ibiteganywa ningingo ya 61 yiri Each level in the succession order excludes the ones Chaque rang exclut les autres dans l'ordre de
teko, buri rwego rw'abazungura ruzitira izindi mu below it, with the exceptions provided by Article 61 la succession, sauf les exceptions prvues par
rutonde rw'izungura.
of this Law.
larticle 61 de la prsente loi.
Abana ba nyakwigendera basangiye ababyeyi Children of both parents inherit on both the paternal
bombi bazungura mu gisekuru cya se nicya and maternal sides, while those who share one parent
nyina, naho abana bahuje umubyeyi umwe gusa inherit only on the side of that parent.
bazungura mu gisekuru cyumubyeyi wabo gusa.
Uretse se na nyina ba nyakwigendera, iyo Apart from the father and mother of the deceased, the Hormis les pre et mre du dfunt, les
abazungura ba nyakwigendera cyangwa abo successors or legatees of the deceased who hritiers et les lgataires morts avant le de
37
yahaye
umurage
bapfuye
mbere
ye, predecease him/her are represented in succession by
bahagararirwa mu izungura nababakomokaho. their descendants. Representation is unlimited among
Ku bakomoka kuri nyakwigendera, iryo direct descendants and is by generation.
hagararirwa ntirigira aho rirangirira kandi
igabana rikorwa hakurikijwe igisekuru.
Abana
buwambuwe
uburenganzira
bwo Children of an heir deprived of the right to inherit or
kuzungura nabuwanze izungura ntibashobora who renounced an inheritance cannot represent their
guhagararira umubyeyi wabo; bazungura ku parent; however, they may inherit in their own right.
bwabo.
Nyamara Inama ishinzwe ibyizungura igira icyo However, the succession council shall determine a Toutefois, le conseil de famille dtermine une
ibagenera mu mutungo uzungurwa.
portion of the property to be inherited to give to those portion du patrimoine successible allouer
children.
ces enfants.
Ingingo ya 69: Urutonde rwabazungura Article 69: Order of irregular heirs
badahoraho
Abashyingiranwe
bafitanye
amasezerano Succession for spouses married under the community Pour la succession des conjoints maris sous
38
yivangamutungo rusange bazungurwa mu buryo property regime shall be carried out as follows:
bukurikira:
39
ngingo ya 69;
40
wumuhahano
nuburyo
bukoreshwa
ivanguramutungo ku mutungo wa buri wese.
ku personal property.
Leta itegekwa kurangiza inshingano za The State shall pay the obligations of the deceased Il nest pas tenu des obligations du dfunt aunyakwigendera hakurijwe agaciro kibintu only up to the value of the property received.
del de la valeur des biens quil recueille.
yakiriye.
Ingingo ya 72: Uko izungura ridafite nyiraryo Article 72: The escheat procedure
rikorwa
Izungura ridafite nyiraryo rikorwa mu buryo The escheat procedure shall be as follows:
bukurikira:
41
Ingingo ya 73: Itegeko rikurikizwa mu Article 73: Wills made by foreigners living in Article 73 : Loi applicable aux actes de
nyandiko ziraga zumunyamahanga uri mu Rwanda or by Rwandans living abroad
dernire volont contenant un lment
42
dextranit
Inyandiko zirage zikozwe nabanyarwanda baba Any will made by a Rwandan residing outside Les actes de dernire volont des Rwandais
mu mahanga zigengwa:
Rwanda is regulated as follows:
rsidant ltranger sont rgis:
1 ku byerekeranye nuko ziteye, nitegeko
ryigihugu
zakorewemo.
Nyamara
umunyarwanda ashobora no guhitamo
uburyo buteganywa nitegeko ryigihugu
cye;
Inyandiko zirage zikozwe numunyahanga uba Any will made by a foreigner residing in Rwanda is Les actes de dernire volont de ltranger
mu Rwanda zigengwa:
regulated as follows:
rsidant au Rwanda sont rgis:
1 ku byerekeranye nuko ziteye, nitegeko
ryigihugu
zakorewemo.
Nyamara
umunyamahanga ukoreye ibyifuzo bye bya
nyuma mu Rwanda ashobora guhitamo
uburyo buteganywa nitegeko ryigihugu
akomokamo;
UMUTWE
WA
III:
IYEGERANYA CHAPTER
III:
LIQUIDATION
NIGABANYA RYIBIZUNGURWA
PARTITION OF THE ESTATE
Icyiciro
cya
ryibizungurwa
mbere:
43
LIQUIDATION ET
DES
BIENS
Akiciro ka mbere: Ushinzwe kwegeranya Sub-Section One: Liquidator and Succession Sous section premire : Liquidateur de la
umutungo uzungurwa ninama ishinzwe Council
succession et conseil successoral
ibyizungura
Ingingo ya 74: Ushinzwe
umutungo uzungurwa
Uretse iyo irage ryabigennye ukundi, kwegeranya Unless the will provides otherwise, the role of the La charge de liquidateur incombe de plein
umutungo uzungurwa byegurirwa nta mpaka liquidator shall pass automatically to the heirs.
droit aux hritiers, moins dune disposition
abazungura.
testamentaire contraire.
Ku bwiganze bwamajwi bworoheje, abazungura The heirs shall choose a liquidator amongst Les hritiers dsignent la majorit simple le
bitoramo ugomba kwegeranya umutungo themselves by simple majority, and shall decide how liquidateur parmi eux et dterminent le mode
uzungurwa, bakanagena uburyo asimburwa.
s/he should be replaced if necessary.
de son remplacement.
Iyo bananiwe kumvikana kandi bidashobokera
inama ishinzwe ibyizungura gushyiraho
ushinzwe kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa,
uwo ari wese ubifitemo inyungu ashobora gusaba
urukiko rubifitiye ububasha kumushyiraho.
Inama
ishinzwe
ibyizungura
igizwe
nuwapfakaye, umwana uhagarariye abana ba
nyakwigendera, iyo harimo abakuru, uhagarariye
umuryango wa nyakwigendera, uhagarariye
umuryango
wuwapfakaye,
inshuti
yinyangamugayo imwe itoranywa numuryango
wuwapfakaye nindi itoranywa numuryango wa
nyakwigendera.
44
Inama ishinzwe ibyizungura ishinzwe cyane The succession Council shall designate the liquidator Le conseil successoral choisit le liquidateur
cyane ni uguhitamo umuntu ushinzwe of property in succession and follow up the education des biens successoraux et fait le suivi de
kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa, gukurikirana of children who are still minors.
lducation des enfants encore mineurs.
uburere bwabana bakiri bato nibijyanye
nimibereho yabo muri rusange.
Babyumvikanyeho, abagize inama ishinzwe
ibyizungura bitoramo umuntu uzayiyobora
nuzayibera umunyabanga. Ibyemezo byiyo
nama bifatwa abayigize bose bahari kandi
bagahita babishyiraho umukono.
Le liquidateur:
1 administre la succession ;
cyo
na
4 afata ibyemezo
nigabana;
zirebana
ku
igeze igihe
yarafashwe
mpaka
45
Akiciro ka
uzungurwa
2:
Ibarura
Ushinzwe kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa The liquidator shall make an inventory of both the Le liquidateur est tenu de faire inventaire de
ategetswe
gukora
ibarura
ryumutungo assets and liabilities of the deceased.
lactif et du passif des biens du de cujus.
nimyenda bya nyakwigendera.
Agenera kopi yiryo barura abazungura, baba A copy of that inventory is reserved for the heirs, Une copie de cet inventaire est adresse aux
badahari
akayigenera
inama
ishinzwe and when they are not present, for the Succession hritiers, dfaut au conseil successoral ou
ibyizungura cyangwa urukiko.
Council or the court.
la juridiction.
Ingingo ya 78: Impaka ku
ryumutungo ugomba kuzungurwa
Akiciro ka 3: Kwishyura imyenda no gutanga Sub-Section 3: Payment of debts and distribution Sous section 3 : Paiement des dettes et des
imirage
of legacies by particular title
legs particuliers
Ingingo ya 80: Kwishyura imyenda ikurwa mu Article 80: Payment of the debts of the estate
mutungo uzungurwa
Mu kwishyura imyenda ikurwa ku mutungo, When paying the expenses of the estate, the Dans le rglement des charges de la
ushinzwe kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa liquidator shall ensure costs are paid in following succession, le liquidateur doit respecter l'ordre
agomba kubahiriza urutonde rukurikira:
order:
suivant :
1 Ibyatanzwe
mu
ishyingurwa
rya
nyakwigendera;
2 imishahara
guhemba;
nyakwigendera
yagombaga
3 ibyatanzwe
mu
icunga,
n'igabagabanya-mutungo;
iyegeranya
4 imyenda ya nyakwigendera;
Ingingo ya
kuzungura
82:
Inkurikizi
zo
Ingingo ya 83: Kwemera kuzungura umuntu Article 83: Future acceptance of property
47
ukiriho
future
Ntawe ushobora kwemera cyangwa kwanga No one shall accept or renounce an inheritance or a Nul ne peut accepter ou renoncer une
kuzungura umuntu ukiriho kabone nubwo legacy from a living person, even when that person succession non encore ouverte, mme avec le
nyiribintu bizungurwa yaba abyemera.
consents.
consentement de celui dont la succession est
en cause.
Ingingo ya 84: Gukoresha uburenganzira bwo Article 84: Exercising the right to renounce an Article 84 : Exercice du droit doption
guhitamo kuzungura
inheritance or a legacy
successorale
Guhitamo kuzungura bikorwa mu gihe cyamezi
atandatu abarwa uhereye ku itariki uzungura
cyangwa
uragwa
yamenyesherejweho
nushinzwe kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa ko
afite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura cyangwa ku
munsi we ubwe yagaragajeho ko afite ubwo
burenganzira.
Iyo umuntu apfuye atemeye cyangwa ngo yange When a person dies before exersing that right, it is Lorsquune personne dcde sans avoir exerc
kuzungura, bikorwa nabamuzungura.
passed on to his/her heirs.
loption successorale, son droit passe aux
hritiers.
Ingingo ya 85: Uburyo kwanga kuzungura Article 85: Forms of renunciation
bikorwamo
48
igihe cyangenwe
kirangira.
cyo
guhitamo
izungura
Niba uzungura atazi kwandika, ashobora kuvuga If the heir/legatee cannot write, s/he may renounce an Si l'hritier ne sait pas crire, il peut le
mu magambo ko yanze kuzungura mu gihe inheritance or legacy verbally in the presence of two dclarer verbalement dans ledit dlai en
cyagenwe, imbere yabahamya babiri.
witnesses.
prsence de deux tmoins.
Iyo uzungura atagize icyo avuga kandi If the heir/legatee does not accept or renounce the En cas de silence de l'hritier alors qu'il a t
yaramanyeshejwe ko ari mubazungura, bifatwa inheritance/legacy after being informed of his/her inform de sa qualit, ce silence vaut
nkaho yemeye kuzungura.
right, this silence is considered to be acceptance.
acceptation de la succession.
Ingingo ya
kuzungura
86:
Inkurikizi
zo
Ingingo ya 87: Ukwisubiraho mu guhitamo Article 87: Irrevocability of renunciation or Article 87:
kuzungura
acceptance
successorale
Irrvocabilit
de
loption
Kwemera
cyangwa
kwanga
kuzungura Acceptance or renunciation of property is irrevocable L'acceptation ou la renonciation de l'hritier
ntibisubirwaho kandi bigira agaciro guhera and is considered effective from the date of the de ou lgataire est irrvocable et remonte au jour
umunsi w'urupfu rwa nyakwigendera
cujuss death.
du dcs du de cujus.
Icyakora uzungura cyangwa uwahawe umurage
wanze kuzungura ntashobora kwisubiraho iyo
igihe cyo guhitamo cyarangiye, keretse iyo
kwanga kuzungura byabayeho hakoreshejwe
uburiganya, ingufu cyangwa iterabwoba kandi
bikaregerwa mu rukiko mu gihe cyamezi cumi
nabiri (12) uhereye igihe byarangiriye. Icyo gihe
gishobora kongerwa habonetse impamvu
2:
Kugabana
Umutungo uzungurwa ugabanywa uko uri. In principle, the partition of the property during Le partage des biens en liquidation a lieu en
Agaciro kawo kagenwa umunsi wigabana.
liquidation shall be made in-kind. The value of the principe en nature. La valeur de ces biens
sestime au moment du partage.
property is determined at the moment of partition.
Ariko, bidashobotse ko umutungo uterwa imirwi
uko umeze mu migabane ingana, ushinzwe
kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa agena
inshumbushyanyo
abazungura
babonye
umugabane urenze uwo itegeko cyangwa irage
bibemerera, baha ababonye umuto.
Iyo mu iseswa ryimicungire yumutungo Notwithstanding the matrimonial regime, if the En prsence denfants communs avec le de
wabashakanywe, uwapfakaye wari ufitanye surviving spouse had children with the deceased but cujus, le conjoint survivant qui ne recueille
abana na nyakwigendera atabonye inzu did not acquire the family house and its furnishings pas la maison conjugale ainsi que les meubles
50
Ingingo
ya
90:
Gucunga
wazunguwe nabana bakiri bato
umutungo Article 90: Administration of property of minors Article 90: Administration des biens hrits
par les enfants mineurs
Umutungo wazunguwe nabana bakiri bato Property inherited by a minor is administered by the
ucungwa numubyeyi wabo wasigaye, yaba surviving spouse, or if s/he is absent, by the person
adahari ugacungwa nufite ububashasha bwa exercising parental authority or the trustee.
kibyeyi cyangwa ubishingira.
Iyo inama ishinzwe ibyizungura yemeje ko If the administrator prejudices the minors interests, Lorsque le conseil successoral juge
inyungu zabana zibangamiwe nibikorwa the Succession Council may urgently file the case prjudiciable aux intrts de ces enfants les
51
byushinzwe gucunga umutungo barazwe, before the court requesting to divest him/her of the actes poss par ladministrateur, il peut
ishobora gushyikiriza ikirego mu buryo bwihuse right to administer the minors property.
introduire en justice une demande en rfr de
isaba urukiko ko yakwamburwa ubwo
dchance de ce droit dadministration.
burenganzira yari yarahawe.
Ingingo ya 91: Inkurikizi zigabana
Iyo nyakwigendera yarengeje igice cyibyo If the deceased exceeds the transferable quota:
yagomba gutanga:
1 imirage ntitangwa;
2 tout
hritier
peut
rclamer
la
rtrocession,
dans
la
rserve
successorale, de la partie d'une donation
constituant le surplus de la quotit
disponible, en commenant par les
donations les plus rcentes.
Abazungura
nabana.
bazigamirwa
ni
uwapfakaye The surviving spouse and children are the sole Le conjoint survivant et les enfants sont les
beneficiaries of the successoral reserve.
seuls bnficiaires de la rserve successorale.
Ingingo ya 93: Igihe ntarengwa cyo kugaruza Article 93: Prescribed time for demanding Article 93: Dure prescrite
ibyarengejwe
restitution
demande en rtrocession
pour
la
Uko byagenda kose, ikintu cyatanzwe mbere Any property given more than three years before the Dans tous les cas, un bien sorti, trois ans avant
yimyaka itatu ibanziriza umunsi inzungura commencement of succession shall not be subject to la date de l'ouverture de la succession, ne peut
ritangiriyeho ntigishobora kugaruzwa.
restitution.
tre rtrocd.
52
Ingingo ya
buzungurwa
94:
Igabana
Haseguriwe ibiteganywa namategeko, ubutaka Subject to the exceptions provided by law, land is La proprit foncire est succde comme
buzungurwa nkuko undi mutungo utimukanwa inherited in the same way as any other immovable tout autre bien immeuble, sauf les exceptions
uzungurwa.
property.
prvues par la loi.
Igabana ryabwo rikorwa nkuko iryindi mitungo The partition of land is governed by the same rules as Le partage d'une proprit foncire suit les
rikorwa.
partition of other types of property.
mmes rgles du partage des autres biens.
Nyamara, ubutaka butarengeje hegitari imwe However, land smaller than one hectare shall not be
ntibushobora gucibwamo imirwi; ba nyirabwo partitioned; the co-owners shall agree on either
bumvikana uburyo bwo kubugurisha cyangwa selling it, or retaining it and sharing its fruits.
kububyaza
umusaruro maze
bakagabana
umusaruro.
TITLE V: INGINGO
NIZISOZA
AND
FINAL TITRE
V:
DISPOSITIONS
TRANSITOIRE ET FINALE
Niba
iri
tegeko
rihinduye
mu
mizi
ibyashingiweho byose mu manza zatanzwe
hakurikijwe Itegeko rya kera kandi zikaba
zitaracibwa, inkiko zizakurikiza itegeko ryariho
mbere yiri.
53
Izungura ryose ryatangiye mbere yuko iri tegeko If succession has commenced before this Law
rishyirwa mu bikorwa ariko igabana ritaraba, entered into force, but the property has not yet been
rizakorwa hakurikijwe iri tegeko.
divided, it shall be partitioned in accordance with this
Law.
Ingingo ya 97: Itegurwa, isuzumwa nitorwa Article 97: Drafting, consideration and adoption Article 97 : Initiation, examen et adoption
ryiri tegeko
of this Law
de la prsente loi
Iri tegeko ryateguwe mu rurimi rwigifaransa, This Law was drafted in French, considered and La prsente loi a t initie en franais,
risuzumwa kandi ritobwa mu Kinyarwanda.
adopted in Kinyarwanda.
examine et adopte en Kinyarwanda.
Ingingo ya 98: Ivanwaho
zinyuranije niri tegeko
Iri tegeko ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi This Law shall come into force on the date of its La prsente loi entre en vigueur le jour de sa
ryatangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of publication au Journal Officiel de la
Repubulika yu Rwanda.
Rwanda.
Rpublique du Rwanda.
54
Kigali, ..
Kigali, .
Kigali, .
KAGAME Paul
Perezida wa Repubulika
KAGAME Paul
President of the Republic
KAGAME Paul
Prsident de la Rpublique
55
KARUGARAMA Tharcisse
Minisitiri wUbutabera/ Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta
KARUGARAMA Tharcisse
Minister of Justice/Attorney General
56
KARUGARAMA Tharcisse
Ministre de la Justice/Garde des Sceaux