Histology Syllabus
Histology Syllabus
Program
:
Course Title :
Course Code :
Course Credit :
Faculty Members :
VI.
Course Description
Doctor of Medicine
Histology (Microscopic Anatomy
MED 501
136 lecture hours,
Dr. Celia G. Tolentino
Dr. Jose Ruel G. Tolentino
Histology deals with the study of the microscopic structures of the human body. The first
year medical students are exposed to 2 semesters of histology. The first semester is
devoted to the study of cell biology and the basic tissues and in the second semester the
history of the different organs systems. Methods of instruction include ~136 lecture hours,
supervised microscopic work and demonstration of difficult structures.
VII.
Course Objectives
The subject of histology is offered in the first year of the medical course to give students a
working knowledge and skill in microscopic work. This preparation is needed in the subjects
of pathology, physiology, and parasitology as well as in research and future clinical practice.
VIII.
Needed Preparation
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
FIRST SEMESTER
WEEK 1
TOPIC: THE
CELL
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WEEK 2
TOPIC: Epithelium
and Glands
COGNITIVE: Epithelium
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
A. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of epithelium and glands.
ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Define epithelium.
2. Enumerate the general characteristics of epithelial tissues.
3. Classify epithelial tissue according to the following:
Number of cell layers
Shape of surface cells
4. Give locations in the body where the different epithelia are found.
5. Correlate types of epithelial tissue with function.
6. Discuss epithelial polarity.
7. Describe the junctional complexes present on the lateral plasma membrane for cell
cohesion for cell cohesion and cell communication of epithelia.
8. Describe the basal lamina.
9. Describe surface specializations present in epithelia.
10. Describe basal specializations of epithelia.
11. Describe the lateral specializations of epithelia
12. Describe the histological changes occurring in an epithelium undergoing metaplasia
in a patient with a history of repeated pain in the right kidney due to the presence of a
stone (calculus) found on x-ray.
COGNITIVE: Glands
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
SBO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Define glands.
Describe the histogenesis of glands.
Describe the histological organization of exocrine glands.
Describe myoepithelial basket cells
Classify glands according to the following:
Number of component cells
Shape or morphology
Type of secretion
Mode of secretion
Presence or absence of ducts
6. Describe serous demilunes.
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WEEK 3
TOPIC: Connective
Tissue Proper
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COGNITIVE: Bone
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
A. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of bone. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5
I
SBO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PSYCHOMOTOR: Bone
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
A. GIO
Demonstrate skill in recognition of composition of bone tissue using a light
microscope and prepared slides.
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SBO
1. Identify bone structures in prepared slides.
Teaching Strategy: Small group discussion / Lecture/ Supervised microscopy
Evaluation: Practical Examination, written examination
Time allotment /section: 4 hours (2 hours small group discussion or lecture + 2 hours
laboratory work)
WEEK 5
TOPIC: Cartilage
COGNITIVE: Cartilage
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
A. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of cartilage. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4
I, 5 I
SBO
1. Give the composition of cartilage.
2. Give the characteristics of cartilage as a specialized type of connective tissue.
3. Classify cartilage based on density and type of fibers incorporated within the matrix.
4. Give the location in the body where hyaline cartilage is found.
5. Describe the histogenesis and growth of hyaline cartilage.
6. Describe the structure of hyaline cartilage.
7. Describe the structure of elastic cartilage.
8. Give the location in the body where elastic cartilage is found.
9. Describe the structure of fibrocartilage.
10. Give location in the body where elastic cartilage is found.
11. Describe the important histologic features of the plates of hyaline cartilage that must
be preserved to retain the shape and flexibility of the nose during reconstruction.
PSYCHOMOTOR: Cartilage
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
A. GIO
Demonstrate skill in recognition of structures in the different types of cartilage using
a light microscope and prepared slides.
SBO
1. Identify structures of hyaline cartilage in prepared slides.
2. Identify structures of elastic cartilage in prepared slide.
3. Identify structures of fibrocartilage in prepared slides.
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WEEK 5
TOPIC: Muscle
Tissue
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WEEK 7
TOPIC: Nervous
tissue
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
WEEK 8
TOPIC: Review
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WEEK10
TOPIC: Lymphatic
Tissue
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WEEK 11 and 12
TOPIC: Blood and
Hemopoiesis
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WEEK 13 to 14
TOPIC: Cardiovascular
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1. Portal system
2. Rete mirabile
3. Arterio-venous anastomosis
4. Glomus
5. Valves
10. Describe the microscopic changes occurring
B. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histologic features of the heart.
ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the histologic features of the following:
Layers of the wall of the heart
Cardiac skeleton
Cardiac valves
Impulse conducting system
2. List the main components of the cardiac skeleton.
C. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the lymph vascular system. ILO 1 I, 2
I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the histologic features of lymphatic capillaries.
2. Differentiate histological features of veins from large lymphatic vessels.
3. Trace the flow of lymph.
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WEEK 15
TOPIC: Respiratory
system
WEEK 16
TOPIC: Review
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SECOND SEMESTER
WEEK 1
TOPIC: Urinary
system
Ureter
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the ureters. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P,
4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the transitional epithelium.
2. Describe the layers of the wall of the ureter.
3. Compare the musculature of the upper third with the lower third of the ureter.
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WEEK 3 to 4
TOPIC: Digestive
COGNITIVE:
Digestive system (GIT II) Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large
Intestines
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
ESOPHAGUS
C. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the esophagus. ILO 1
I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Differentiate the histologic features of the 3 segments of the esophagus:
Upper 1/3
Middle 1/3
Lower 1/3
2. Name in consecutive order the layers of the wall of the esophagus.
3. Locate the 2 types of glands in the esophagus.
4. Locate the 2 types of glands in the esophagus.
5. Differentiate the histologic characteristics of the esophageal wall from that of the
stomach wall at the region of the gastro-esophageal junction.
STOMACH
D. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the stomach.
SBO
1. Name the layers of the stomach in consecutive order.
2. Describe the different cells in the gastric mucosa.
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SMALL INTESTINE
E. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the small intestines.
ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Name the layers of the wall of the small intestines.
2. Differentiate the segments of the small intestines based on the distinguishing
histologic features.
3. Name the lining cells of the crypts of Lieberkhn.
4. Describe the modifications in the wall of the small intestines that serve to increase
the surface area for absorption.
5. Name the histological structures present in the duodenum that are responsible for
neutralizing the acid chime leaving the stomach preventing the occurrences of peptic
ulcer.
LARGE INTESTINE
F. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the large intestines.
ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Name the layers of the wall of the large intestines.
2. Give the characteristic histologic features of the colon.
3. Differentiate histologically the large intestines from the small intestines.
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WEEK 5 to 6
TOPIC: Digestive
COGNITIVE:
Digestive system (GIT III) Accessory glands, Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
ACCESORY GLANDS
G. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of accessory glands of
the digestive system. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Outline the general organization of the salivary glands proper.
2. Classify salivary glands according to type of secretion.
3. Review the histologic features of the following:
Serous acinus
Mucus acinus
Mixed acinus
4. Describe the histologic features of the duct system of the salivary glands.
LIVER
H. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the liver ILO 1 I, 2 I/P,
4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Discuss the histologic organization of the liver.
2. Identify the different zones of the hepatic lobule.
3. Differentiate the histologic structure of the following:
Classical lobule
Portal lobule
Liver acinus
4. Illustrate the components of the portal canal.
5. Define the portal tract.
6. Describe the space of Moll.
7. Describe the topographical relationship of the hepatocytes to the vascular bed and
biliary systems of the liver.
8. Describe the intrahepatic biliary system.
9. Trace the flow of bile.
10. Trace the microcirculation in the liver.
11. Define the space of Disse.
12. Given a case of a patient with liver cirrhosis, explain how necrosis and regeneration
of hepatocyte and fibrosis of the liver lobule can bring about portal hypertension and
ascites.
PANCREAS
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I.
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the pancreas. ILO 1 I,
2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1.
2.
3.
4.
GALL BLADDER
J. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the gall bladder. ILO 1
I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the histologic features of the layers of the wall of the gall bladder.
2. Define the following:
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
Ducts of Luschka
Spiral valve of Heister
3. Describe the histologic feature so the extra-hepatic bile ducts.
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WEEK 7
TOPIC: Endocrine
system
COGNITIVE: Endocrine
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
A. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the organization of the endocrine system.
ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Name the components of the endocrine system.
2. Identify the highest center for endocrine control.
3. Describe the feedback mechanism in the control of endocrine secretion.
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histologic features of the hypophysis.
ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the histologic organization of the 3 lobes.
2. Describe the cells found in the pituitary gland.
3. Define Herring bodies.
4. Describe the hypophyseal portal circulation.
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histologic features of the thyroid
glands. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the histologic organization of the thyroid gland.
2. State the hormones secreted by thee gland and the specific cells responsible for
their secretion.
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histologic features of the parathyroid
glands. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the connective tissue stroma of the gland.
2. Name the cellular components of the gland.
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histologic features of the adrenal
glands. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the cellular arrangements of the different zones in the cortex.
2. Describe the characteristic features of the medulla.
3. Define chromaffin cells.
4. Using your knowledge of the functional histological characteristics of the
suprarenal cortex, explain the following signs found in Cushings disease : a)
Moon-shaped facies, b) Hirsutism of the face, chest, and abdomen in the female,
c) high concentration of glucose in the blood, d) raised urinary 17hydroycorticosteroid excretion.
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histologic features of the pineal gland
(epiphysis cerebri). ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
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SBO
1. Describe the cellular and connective tissue components of the gland.
2. Describe the corpora arenacea.
GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the endocrine portions in
the pancreas, male and female gonads. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Describe the interstitial cells in the testis.
2. Describe the Graafian follicle of the ovary.
3. Describe the corpus luteum and its cellular components.
4. Describe the cellular components of the islets of Langerhans.
5. Differentiate the histologic features of the cells of the Islets from the surrounding
cells.
WEEK 8
TOPIC: Review
system
WEEK 9
THIRD SHIFTING EXAMINATION
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WEEK 10
TOPIC: Male
Reproductive System
Reproductive System
OVARY
SBO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
UTERUS
SBO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Syncytiotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast
VAGINA
SBO
1. Name the layers of the vaginal wall.
2. Describe the histologic changes in the vagina in relation to the menstrual cycle.
WEEK 12 to 13
TOPIC: Integumentary
Skin
A. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the skin. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I,
5I
SBO
1. Name the component parts of the skin.
2. Name the 2 main layers of the skin.
3. Differentiate the histologic features of the 4 sub-layer of the epidermis.
4. Differentiate the histologic feature of the 2 sub-layers of the dermis
5. Differentiate thick skin from thin skin.
6. Give the distribution of thin and thick skin in the body.
7. Enumerate the skin appendages.
8. Describe the pilo-sebaceous unit.
9. Describe the structure of the following
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
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10. Classify the sebaceous and sweat glands based on the following
Morphology
Type of secretion
Manner of elaboration of secretion
11. Differentiate the histologic feature of ordinary exocrine from apocrine sweat glands.
12. Explain how the skin defends the body against invasion by microorganism.
Mammary gland
B. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the mammary gland. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Give the morphological classification of the mammary gland.
2. Describe the lobes and lobules of the mammary gland.
3. Describe the duct system of the gland.
4. Compare the histologic features of the following
Resting mammary gland
Gestational mammary gland
Lactating mammary gland
Atrophic mammary gland
5. Explain why a surgeon prefers a radial incision instead of a circumferential incision in
draining pus from an abscess of the breast.
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WEEK 14 to 15
TOPIC: Special
EYE
A. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the eye and its accessory
organs. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I, 5 I
SBO
1. Enumerate the layers of the eyelid as well as its glands.
2. Classify the lacrimal gland based on morphology and nature of secretion.
3. Describe the lacrimal apparatus.
4. Trace the flow of tears.
5. Enumerate the tunics of the eyeball.
6. Describe the histologic features of each tunic.
7. Trace the flow of aqueous humor from site of formation and back to the circulation.
8. Describe the role of the ciliary muscle in accommodation.
9. Enumerate the refractive media of the eye.
10. Describe the histology of the following:
Macula lutea
Optic disk
11. Describe the distribution of rods and cones in the retina.
12. Enumerate the 3 neuronal chain involved in the visual pathway.
13. Define the following :
Limbus
Canal of Schlemm
Spaces of Fontana
Suspensory ligament of Zinn
EAR
A. GIO
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the histology of the ear. ILO 1 I, 2 I/P, 4 I,
5I
SBO
1. Describe the histologic structure of the following:
External ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
2. Describe the histologic structure of the tympanic membrane.
3. Describe the histologic structure feature of the following:
4. Trace sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the organ of Corti.
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5. Describe otolith.
6. In case of flying insects getting into the ear, name the structures present in the
external auditory meatus that trap insects. Describe also the microscopic structures
of the glands that produce ear was.
WEEK 16
TOPIC: Review
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IX.
Course Outline
FIRST SEMESTER
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
Week 11
Week 12
Week 13
Week 14
Week 15
Week 16
Week 17
SECOND SEMESTER
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
Week 11
Week 12
Week 13
Week 14
Week 15
Week 16
Week 17
Week 18
Urinary System
GIT I Oral Cavity
GIT II Esophagus to Stomach
GIT II Small Intestine to Anal Opening
GIT III Accessory Organs of Digestion: Salivary glands and
Pancreas
GIT III Accessory Organs of Digestion: Liver
Endocrine system
Review of Histology Slides of Urinary/GIT/Endocrine System
Third Shifting Examination
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Integumentary System
Mammary Glands
Special Senses: Eyes
Special Senses: Ears
Review of Histology Slides of Male and Female Reproductive
system, Integumentary system, Mammary glands, and Special
Senses.
Fourth Shifting Examination
Final Examination
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X.
Course Requirements
a)
b)
c)
d)
XI.
Attendance
Unit tests
4 Shifting Examinations
Final Examination
Grading System
PER SHIFTING GRADE = 50% of Shifting Examination Grade + 50% of Average of Unit test
conducted
FINAL EXAM GRADE = Final Theoretical Exam + Final Practical Exam
FINAL GRADE = ((Sum of Shifting examination I IV) + Final Exam Grade)/5
XII.
References
a) Gartner, Leslie and James Hiatt. Color Atlas and Text of Histology, 6th edition.
Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.
b) Young, Barbara, Geraldine ODowd, and Phillip Woodford. Wheaters Functional
Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 6th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill
Livingstone, 2014.
c) Ovalle, William K, Patrick Nahirney. Netters Essential Histology: with Student and
consult Access, 2nd Edition. Elsevier Saunders, 2013.
d) Eroschenko, Victor P. diFiores Atlas of Histology: with Functional Correlations,
12th edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
e) Mills, Stacey E. Histology for Pathologist, 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, 2012.
f) Klein, Robert and George Enders. Anatomy, Histology, & Cell Biology, 4th Edition.
McGraw-Hill, 2010.
g) Cui MS, Dongmei and William Daley MD. Atlas of Histology with Functional and
Clinical Correlations, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.
h) Mescher, Anthony L. Basic Histology Text and Atlas, 13th Edition. The McGraw-Hill
Companies, 2013.
i) Gartner, Leslie and James Hiatt. BRS Cell Biology and Histology (Board Review
Series), 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015.
j) Song, Jae. Deja Review Histology & Cell Biology, Second Edition),
2nd edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011.
k) Lamps, Laura. Diagnostic Pathology: Normal Histology Amirsys, 2013.
l) Gonzales, Eduardo. Esteban and Gonzales Textbook of Histology, 5th edition.
Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc, 2014.
m) Kierszenbaum, Abraham. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to
Pathology, 4th edition, 2015.
n) Peckham, Michelle. Histology at a Glance, New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing, 2011.
o) Anderson, Bryan. Color Atlas and Text of Histology, 6th edition. Baltimore:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.
p) Anderson, Bryan. The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Integumentary
System, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2012.
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