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Flipkart: Transitioning to a Marketplace Model

Introduction: The dilemma of marketplace model


Flipkart has made a transition to the marketplace model to enable itself to continue growing
faster than other players in Indias rapidly expanding and fiercely competitive e-commerce
market. Indian market has seen immense growth in the e-commerce market and is expected to
grow further in the coming years. In 2012, there were 20 million online buyers; by 2020, the
number of online buyers is expected to be more than 160 million. The namber of metropolitan
cities is also expected to grow from 54 to 69, accounting for 45% and 54% of the GDP,
respectively, during the same period. To cope up with this growth rate, there is no other option
for Flipkart but to go for the marketplace model if it wants to maintain market share.
However, there are some issues which come with the marketplace model. The service level
reduced in 2015, as Flipkart expanded to smaller metros. Assuring quality across all the sellers
becomes a herculean task as the number of sellers increase rapidly. To address this Flipkart came
up with Flipkart Advantage (FA) which was similar to Amazons Fulfilled by Amazon. This
distinguished between genuine sellers and non genuine sellers.

The price war


By 2013, all the e-commerce companies had gone into a price war. An Indian e-tailer was
incurring expenses on an average 1.35 times GMV, as a consequence of heavy discounting,
marketing, free shipping, cash incentives and other enticements used to attract customers. This
was all being heavily funded by venture capitalists. Flipkart was fuelled by $3 billion investor
funding. It had scaled rapidly to $4 billion GMV rapidly and had ambitions to go up to $12
billion.
But how long could they continue like this? Investors would need their money soon. They will
soon need to leverage themselves based on the service quality rather than price to make it more
sustainable. However, going with the marketplace model was hurting the service quality. It needs
to look at other sources of revenue like digital marketing. Amazon generates $1 billion from
advertising. Flipkart should also dig deeper into it and use data analytics to target specific user
groups. Revenue through advertising can help Flipkart maintain price competitiveness and
service quality simultaneously.

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