Bio P2 Skema PP SPM 2016
Bio P2 Skema PP SPM 2016
4551/2 (MS)
ANSWER SCHEME
Question 1
Question
1(a) (i)
Mark Scheme
Able to name the substance and the type of transport in
Diagram 1.1 & 1.2
Mark
(b)
Able to:
1 state the flavor for each food respectively
2 explain the process of movement of substances
Sample answer
F1: Salted eggs in Diagram 1.1 are salty.
E1: Salt ions / sodium ions / chloride ions diffuse from the
concentrated salt solution into the egg through pore proteins of
plasma membrane.
F2: Pickles in Diagram 1.2 are soury.
E2 : Vinegar / hydrogen ions diffuse into the (fruit/ vegetable)
cells directly through the phospholipids of plasma membrane.
1
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
Any 3
(c)
Parts of nephron
P: Proxymal
convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
(d)
Name of
substance
Glucose
Type of transport
Water
Osmosis/ Passive
transport
Active transport
1
1
1
1
Total
12
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Question 2
Question
2(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
Mark Scheme
Mark
1
1
1
1
(b)
(c)(i)
(ii)
combination of genes.
(d)
Segregation.
E1: Every character in an offspring is controlled by a pair of
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chromosomes.
E2: During meiosis/ the formation of gametes, these alleles
1
1
Max:
3
12
Question 3
Question
3(a)
(b)(i)
(ii)
Mark Scheme
Able to name the type of interactions in K, L and M
K: Saprophytism
L: Commensalism
M: Mutualism
Mark
1
1
1
(iii)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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(c)
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F: Mutualism
E1: The interaction between oxpecker and the rhinoceros where
E2: oxpeckers gain food (fleas / insects) from Rhinos body
E3: while the rhinos has the parasites removed/ cleared from its
body.
Any 3
1
1
1
1
Total
12
Question 4
Question
4(a)
(b)
Mark Scheme
Able to name hormone X and hormone Y
X: Glucagon
Y: Insulin
Mark
1
1
Sample answer:
Organ P is pancreas which secretes hormone X/ Glucagon.
Glucagon stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose
in organ Q which is the liver
blood glucose level is raised to normal
Any 3
1
1
1
1
2
3
(c)(i)
Sample answer
F1: The urine of a diabetic contains glucose.
F2: the kidney failed to fully reabsorb all the glucose from the
glomerular filtrate.
F3: glucose is secreted in the urine.
(ii)
(d)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total
12
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Question 5
Question
5(a) (i)
Mark Scheme
Able to name the tissue:
Mark
Sample Answer:
F:
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(d)(i)
(ii)
Aerenchyma tissue
1
1
1
1
1
1
Sample Answer:
E1: Collenchyma tissues provide turgidity to herbaceous plants
E2: turgor pressure of the fluid in the vacuoles pushes against
the cell walls,
E3: the thickening of the cell walls with cellulose and pectin
E4: creating support for the plant
Any 3
1
1
1
1
Sample Answer:
E1: Tissue R is ligament / connective tissue
E2: which attach tibia to the femur bone
E3: if R is torn, the tibia might be dislocated from the femur.
E4: one might experience difficulty to move/ to walk
Any 2
1
1
1
1
Sample Answer:
F: Osteoarthritis // Gout
E1: Maintain ideal body weight
E2: losing body weight, reducing stress on your joints.
E3: Exercise regularly to maintain your physical fitness.
E4: Maintain good posture to protect joints.
Any 2
1
1
1
1
1
Total
20
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Question 6
Question
(a)(i)
(ii)
4551/2 (MS)
Mark Scheme
Able to name and identify lipid.
Sample answers:
Lipid which is Q
Explanation:
E:
The shape of Q/ Lipid compliments the active site of
Lipase.
Mark
1
1
Able to explain:
1- rate of enzyme reaction at range P-Q
2- rate of enzyme reaction at range R-S
Able to suggest how to increase the rate of enzyme
reaction and justify the suggestion
(b)
1
1
Max:7
Sample of answers:
P-Q
E1: As the substrate concentration increases, the rate of
enzyme reaction also increases.
E2: more molecules of substrate are added means more
chances of collision with the enzyme molecules.
R-S
E3: As the substrate concentration increases, the rate of
enzyme reaction remains constant/ the same.
E4: rate of enzyme reaction has reached maximum.
E5: no more active sites of enzymes are available to bind with
the substrate.
E6: concentration of enzyme has now becoming the limiting
factor.
(c)(i)
(ii)
Suggestion temperature:
P: 60oC / (anything beyond 60) // 20 oC
Q: 37 oC / 40 oC
Justification:
P: E1- At higher temperatures, lipase/ enzyme is denatured // At
lower temperatures the kinetic energy of enzyme and
substrate molecules drops.
E2 - The active sites of lipase are altered // rate of collision
Max:8
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Question
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Mark Scheme
between enzyme and substrate molecules decreases.
E3 - Lipid will no longer be able to fit into lipase/ the active
site // less lipase-lipid complex are formed.
E4 - the formation of lipase-lipid complex will be halted.
E5 - rate of hydrolysis of lipid decreases.
E6 - the removal of stain is ineffective // the washing becomes
unclean.
Q: E7 - 37 oC is the optimum temperature for enzyme action.
E8 - lipase-lipid complex are maximally formed.
E9 - rate of hydrolysis of lipid is maximum.
Mark
TOTAL
Question 7
Question
(a)
Mark Scheme
Able to explain what happens during stage I and stage II in
the ovary
Sample answers:
Stage I:
E1: High level of LH in the blood.
E2: stimulates ovulation.
E3: matured secondary oocyte is released.
(b) (i)
20
Mark
1
1
1
Max 3
Stage II:
E4: LH stimulates the development of corpus luteum
E5: as well as the secretion of progesterone by the corpus
luteum.
Able to explain the effect of taking contraceptive pills on
stage I in the ovarian cycle
1
1
Max:
4
Sample of answers:
E1:
E2:
E3:
E4:
E5:
E6:
E7:
(b)(ii)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max:
3
Able to explain what the causes for stage III to occur and its
effect:
Sample of answers:
Causes
E1: Corpus luteum degenerates due to
E2: secondary oocyte is not fertilized // fertilisation does not
1
1
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10
Question
Mark Scheme
Mark
occur.
Effect
E3: Low level of progesterone.
E4: lining of uterine wall disintegrate // menstruation occurs.
E5: No implantation.
E6: No pregnancy.
(c)
1
1
1
1
Max:
3
Sample Answer:
10
E1 The ovule develops from the ovarian tissue
E2 It has a diploid embryo sac mother cell (2n).
E3 Each ovule is coated by outer layers called the
integuments.
E4 Embryo sac mother cell undergoes meiosis to form a row
of four haploid cells called megaspores (n).
E5 Three of the four megaspores degenerates.
E6 The remaining megaspore grows and enlarges, (filling up
most of the ovule).
E7 The nucleus of the megaspore undergoes mitosis three
times to form eight haploid nuclei.
E8 Three of the eight nuclei migrate to one end of the cell to
form antipodal cells.
E9 Another two nuclei, called the polar nuclei move to the
centre.
E10 One of the three nuclei closer to micropyle develops into
an egg cell which is flanked by two synergid cells.
E11 The structure is known as the embryo sac, where the
embryo will develop.
Total
Question 8
Question
(a)(i)
(ii)
Mark Scheme
Able to explain how structure S and heart enable the return
of blood pressure back to normal.
Sample answers:
E1 (When the blood pressure decreases), it will be detected by
baroreceptors
E2 at the wall of aorta.
E3 Baroreceptors produce an impulse.
E4 which is transmitted to medulla oblongata / S.
E5 Medulla Oblongata sent impulse via sympathetic nerve.
E6 to the heart / Sinoatrial node.
E7 more impulse is initiated.
E8 rate of heartbeat increases // blood vessel constrict.
E9 resulting in an increase of blood pressure back to normal.
20
Mark
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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11
Question
Mark Scheme
Mark
Sample answers:
E1: (In panic situation) medulla oblongata detects the
strenuous moments.
E2: stimulates the adrenal glands
E3: to secrete adrenaline hormone.
E4: transports by the bloodstream.
E5: Adrenaline hormone stimulates heart to increase
heartbeat.
E6: to transport more oxygen / glucose to muscle tissue //
increase blood flow to the muscles.
E7: Breathing rate increases // breath faster/ deeper
E8: to get more oxygen
E9: glycogen is converted to glucose
E10: level of glucose increases
E11: rate of respiration in the muscles increases.
E12: more energy is generated/ produced
(b)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Differences
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Neuron V
Afferent neuron
Cell body is at the
middle of the neuron
Cell body is located in
the ganglion of dorsal
root.
Transmit impulse from
receptor to spinal cord /
interneuron.
Has long dendron
Has short axon.
Neuron W
Efferent neuron
Cell body is located at the
terminal of the neuron
Cell body is located in grey
matter of the spinal cord
Transmit impulse from
spinal cord / interneuron to
the effector
Has short dendron
Has long axon
Total
1
1
1
1
1
1
20
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Question 9
Question
(a)
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12
Mark Scheme
Able to draw the schematic diagram to show the
inheritance of the ABO blood group in the offspring.
Sample answers:
IAIo
Parents genotype
Meiosis
Mark
IBIo
x
Io
IB
1
1
Gametes
Fertilisation
IA
Genotype of offspring
IAIB
IAIo
IBIo
IoIo
Phenotype of offspring
AB
1
1
Io
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
20
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13
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