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    SQL Overview

    Uploaded by

    ksp
    sql

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    SQL - OVERVIEW

    http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-overview.htm

    Copyright tutorialspoint.com

    SQL tutorial gives unique learning on Structured Query Language and it helps to make practice
    on SQL commands which provides immediate results. SQL is a language of database, it includes
    database creation, deletion, fetching rows and modifying rows etc.
    SQL is an ANSI AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute standard but there are many different versions of the
    SQL language.

    What is SQL?
    SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating and
    retrieving data stored in relational database.
    SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System. All relational database management
    systems like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, postgres and SQL Server use SQL as
    standard database language.
    Also, they are using different dialects, such as:
    MS SQL Server using T-SQL,
    Oracle using PL/SQL,
    MS Access version of SQL is called JET SQL nativeformat etc.

    Why SQL?
    Allows users to access data in relational database management systems.
    Allows users to describe the data.
    Allows users to define the data in database and manipulate that data.
    Allows to embed within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
    Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
    Allows users to create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
    Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

    History:
    1970 -- Dr. Edgar F. "Ted" Codd of IBM is known as the father of relational databases. He
    described a relational model for databases.
    1974 -- Structured Query Language appeared.
    1978 -- IBM worked to develop Codd's ideas and released a product named System/R.
    1986 -- IBM developed the first prototype of relational database and standardized by ANSI.
    The first relational database was released by Relational Software and its later becoming
    Oracle.

    SQL Process:
    When you are executing an SQL command for any RDBMS, the system determines the best way to
    carry out your request and SQL engine figures out how to interpret the task.
    There are various components included in the process. These components are Query Dispatcher,
    Optimization Engines, Classic Query Engine and SQL Query Engine, etc. Classic query engine
    handles all non-SQL queries but SQL query engine won't handle logical files.

    Following is a simple diagram showing SQL Architecture:

    SQL Commands:
    The standard SQL commands to interact with relational databases are CREATE, SELECT, INSERT,
    UPDATE, DELETE and DROP. These commands can be classified into groups based on their nature:

    DDL - Data Definition Language:


    Command

    Description

    CREATE

    Creates a new table, a view of a table, or other object in database

    ALTER

    Modifies an existing database object, such as a table.

    DROP

    Deletes an entire table, a view of a table or other object in the


    database.

    DML - Data Manipulation Language:


    Command

    Description

    SELECT

    Retrieves certain records from one or more


    tables

    INSERT

    Creates a record

    UPDATE

    Modifies records

    DELETE

    Deletes records

    DCL - Data Control Language:

    Command

    Description

    GRANT

    Gives a privilege to user

    REVOKE

    Takes back privileges granted from user

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