SQL Overview
SQL Overview
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SQL tutorial gives unique learning on Structured Query Language and it helps to make practice
on SQL commands which provides immediate results. SQL is a language of database, it includes
database creation, deletion, fetching rows and modifying rows etc.
SQL is an ANSI AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute standard but there are many different versions of the
SQL language.
What is SQL?
SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating and
retrieving data stored in relational database.
SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System. All relational database management
systems like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, postgres and SQL Server use SQL as
standard database language.
Also, they are using different dialects, such as:
MS SQL Server using T-SQL,
Oracle using PL/SQL,
MS Access version of SQL is called JET SQL nativeformat etc.
Why SQL?
Allows users to access data in relational database management systems.
Allows users to describe the data.
Allows users to define the data in database and manipulate that data.
Allows to embed within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
Allows users to create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
History:
1970 -- Dr. Edgar F. "Ted" Codd of IBM is known as the father of relational databases. He
described a relational model for databases.
1974 -- Structured Query Language appeared.
1978 -- IBM worked to develop Codd's ideas and released a product named System/R.
1986 -- IBM developed the first prototype of relational database and standardized by ANSI.
The first relational database was released by Relational Software and its later becoming
Oracle.
SQL Process:
When you are executing an SQL command for any RDBMS, the system determines the best way to
carry out your request and SQL engine figures out how to interpret the task.
There are various components included in the process. These components are Query Dispatcher,
Optimization Engines, Classic Query Engine and SQL Query Engine, etc. Classic query engine
handles all non-SQL queries but SQL query engine won't handle logical files.
SQL Commands:
The standard SQL commands to interact with relational databases are CREATE, SELECT, INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE and DROP. These commands can be classified into groups based on their nature:
Description
CREATE
ALTER
DROP
Description
SELECT
INSERT
Creates a record
UPDATE
Modifies records
DELETE
Deletes records
Command
Description
GRANT
REVOKE
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