Hops Feasibility Study PDF
Hops Feasibility Study PDF
For
CommercialHopProductioninNewEngland
September30,2010
Preparedby
RosalieJ.WilsonBusinessDevelopmentServices
rosaliewilson.com
Withfundingfrom:
VermontAgencyofAgriculture,Food,andMarkets
MassachusettsDepartmentofAgriculturalResources
Page1
TableofContents
ExecutiveSummary............................................................................................................. 2
Background ......................................................................................................................... 3
Methodology....................................................................................................................... 6
Initialfindings...................................................................................................................... 7
MarketResearchSurveyDetails ....................................................................................... 10
ProductionFeasibility ....................................................................................................... 18
OtherIssuesAffectingGrowingCapabilityandCommercialProduction......................... 24
Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 35
NextSteps ......................................................................................................................... 42
AppendixASourcesofInformation
AppendixBListofPersonsConsulted
AppendixCBrewerQuestionnaireTemplate
AppendixDCashFlowScenarios
AppendixESampleHopyardDesigns
AppendixFHopyardEstablishmentCostsPerAcre
AppendixGLaboratoryAnalysisServiceProviders
AppendixHExpiredHopHarvesterPatents
AppendixIFujiImpulseNitrogenFlushVacuumSealerProductInformation
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page2
ExecutiveSummary
TheVermontAgencyofAgricultureFoodandMarketsandtheMassachusetts
DepartmentofAgriculturalResourcescommissionedthisresearchprojecttostudythe
economicandlogisticfeasibilityofcommercialhopproductioninNewEngland.The
goalistoexpandopportunitiesforNewEnglandgrowerstogenerateaprofitable
incomefromtheirland.Thisreporthasdeterminedthatisfeasibletogrowa
commercialhopcropinNewEngland:
A. Thereissufficientdemandfromthebrewingcommunitytosupportaminimum
of100acresinproduction.
B. Thereissufficientpricepointelasticitytoaffordproducersanabilitytogenerate
aprofit,andareasonabletimeframeforreturnoninvestment.
C. Theinformation,technology,andequipmentnowexistforsmallerscale,110
acrecommercialhopoperations.
D. Asidefrompotentiallimitationsoftopsoildepthtobedrock,NewEnglands
growingclimateandconditionsarewellsuitedtohopproduction.
Thefourscenariosinwhichagrowercouldyieldapositivenetincomefromgrowing
hopsareasfollows:
Scenario1:
ParticipatinginavaluesharegrowingprogramwithAtlanticHops
Scenario2:
Sellingwholehops,minimallyprocesseddirecttobrewers
Scenario3:
UsingAtlanticHopsforprocessingservicesandsellingpelletized
hopsdirecttobrewers
Scenario4:
Sellingdoityourselfpelletizedhopsdirecttobrewers
IncomePotentialandReturnOnInvestment
AverageYield
PerAcre
AverageNet
IncomePer
Acre
AverageReturn
OnInvestment
for1stAcre
Levelof
IndividualRisk
Scenario1
1,500driedlbs
Scenario2
1,500driedlbs
Scenario3
1,500driedlbs
Scenario4
1,500driedlbs
$4,640
$5,090
$5,090
$12,910
5years
5years
6years
4years
Low
Moderate
Moderate
High
assuminga$10/lbpricepointforwholedriedhops,$15/lbforpelletizedhops,and$9/lbreturnfromthe
valueshareprogram
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page3
Whilethepotentialtogeneratenetincomeperacreishighestinscenariofour,inwhich
thegrowercreatesthevalueaddedfinishedproductonsite,theultimate
recommendationistoadoptscenarioone,inwhichgrowersparticipateinavalueshare
growingprogramwithAtlanticHops.Thisisbecausescenarioonerepresentstheleast
riskwhilestillpresentingastrongpotentialforfinancialreturn.
Inallinstances,inordertoreachareasonableincomeandrateofreturnoninvestment,
acommercialgrowerwillneedtoutilizemechanicalharvestingandsorting.Inorderto
minimizeriskfromcropfailure,andtostaggerharvesttimesforlogisticalease,itis
highlyrecommendedthatthegroweralsodividethehopyardintothirdsandadopta3
varietyplanting.
Background
NewEnglandwashometoavibranthoptradethroughthebeginningoftheTwentieth
Century.Infactin1900,NewYorkwasthelargestproducerofAmericanhops,
generating49%oftheentireU.S.yield.BytheendofProhibition,however,muchof
thehopindustryhadmigratedtothePacificNorthwest.Thiswasduetoadvancesin
mechanizationthatmadelargerscalefarmingareality,complementingWestCoast
geography,andthedecimationoftheEasterncropsbyadiseaseknownasdowny
mildew.Downymildewisacripplingdiseasebecauseitcancauseshortandlongterm
damage,impactingaspecificyearsharvest,andpotentiallykillingtheplants
themselves.1Thepotentialtokilltheplantisasignificantissuewithacropsuchas
hops,becausetheyareaperennialplantandtakethreetofouryearstoestablish.
WhyisthereaninterestinthecommercialviabilityofgrowingNewEnglandhops,and
whynow?
1. Thebeerindustryisamatureindustrywithdemonstratedlongevityandstable
consumption.Thistranslatesintostablemarketdemandforrawingredients
suchashops.Eveninthemidstofoneoftheworstrecessionsinhistory,2009
U.S.beersalesonlydecreased2.2%.2
2. Inthe1970sasegmentofthebrewingindustry,craftbrewing,begantodevelop
popularityintheNortheast,particularlyinNewEnglandandQuebec.Craft
brewers,originallyconsideredfringe,arenowacceptedinthemainstreambeer
Barth,H.J.,Klinke,C.,Schmidt,C.TheHopAtlas.1994.Nuremberg,Germany.Joh,Barth&Sohn.pp12
14.
JasonPerrault.PerraultFarms.GuestSpeaker.2010WinterHopsConference.UVMExtension.
3/26/2010.
2
http://www.brewersassociation.org/pages/businesstools/craftbrewingstatistics/facts
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page4
3
industryandmakeup5%ofthetotalUSbeermarketshare. Notonlydoesthe
categorynowmakeuparespectableshareofoverallbeersales,itcontinuesto
riseastheshiftinconsumptiontrendsawayfromconsumingvolumequantities
ofmassmarketed,lowcostbeer,toselective,smallerquantitiesofhigher
qualityproducts.4
A2007reportexpressedthistrendasfollows:
TheBrewersAssociation,thetradeassociationthattabulatesindustrydatafor
craftbrewers,reportscraftbeersalesandgrowthcontinuetobreakrecords.
Thevolumeofcraftbeersoldinthefirsthalfof2007rose11%comparedtothis
sameperiodin2006anddollargrowthincreased14%.Forthefirsttimeever
craftbeerhasexceededmorethana5%dollarshareoftotalbeersales.
Overall,theU.S.beerindustrysoldonemillionmorebarrelsinthefirsthalfof
2007comparedto2006,with400,000ofthesenewbarrelsproducedbycraft
breweries.Thisequatesto3.768millionbarrelsofcraftbeersoldinthefirsttwo
quartersof2007comparedto3.368millionbarrelssoldinthefirsthalfof2006.
ScandatafromInformationResources,Inc.provideadditionaldatapointsthat
confirmstrengthforthesegment.Craftbeersalesinthesupermarketchannel
throughJuly15,2007showeda17.4%increaseindollarsalescomparedtothe
sameperiodin2006.Thisgrowthinsaleswashigherthananyotheralcohol
beveragecategory.
"The1,400small,independentandtraditionalcraftbrewersintheU.S.havehit
theirstride,"saidPaulGatza,DirectoroftheBrewersAssociation."United
Statescraftbrewersaremakingmanyoftheworld'sbestbeers,andthe
marketplaceisresponding."
Coupledwiththegrowthstatisticshasbeenatidalwaveofmediacoveragein
thefirsthalfof2007includingNBC'sTodayShowonJuly3stating,"Beeristhe
newwineandcangowithjustaboutanyfood."Additionally,Gallup,initslatest
pollonalcoholbeverages,announcedforthesecondstraightyearthat"Beer
AgainEdgesOutWineasAmericans'DrinkofChoice."
JuliaHerz,DirectorofCraftBeerMarketingfortheBrewersAssociation,
concluded,"Craftbeermarketshareissteadilyandconsistentlygrowing.A
grassrootsmovementisresponsibleforthissuccessasappreciatorscontinueto
tradeup."5
3
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Craft+Beer+Segment+Continues+to+Set+the+Pace+for+the+Beer+Categ
ory...a0167648025
4
FranoisBiron.Agronomiste.MinistredelAgriculturedesPcheriesetdelAlimentationQubec.
GuestSpeaker.2010WinterHopsConference.UVMExtension.3/26/2010.
5
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Craft+Beer+Segment+Continues+to+Set+the+Pace+for+the+Beer+Categ
ory...a0167648025
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page5
Tofurtherexpressthispoint,whileoverallbeersalesweredown2.2%in2009,
craftbeersalesrose10.3%.6
3. Thenatureofthecraftbeerindustryisbuiltonproductdifferentiation,tradition,
innovation,quality,integrity,andcommunity.7Thesequalitiesalllend
themselvestosupportingalocalcommercialhopproductioneffort.Craft
brewersdesireforfreshnessandquality,theirsupportoflocaleconomies,their
interestinuniquenessasopposedtoubiquityallhelpinfluencetheirpurchasing
decisionmaking,andthustheyarenotsolelybuyingonprice.Thissupporthas
beenresearchedandquantifiedthroughthisfeasibilitystudy.
4. Thesizeandscaleofthemicroandcraftbreweries(theymustproducelessthan
2millionbarrelsperyear8)placetheminapositiontobeabletoworkwith
smallerscalelocalcommercialhopproduction.Theycanmoreeasilyadaptto
incorporatinglocalhopsintotheirproductionandrecipes,andtheirvolume
needs,oraportionoftheirvolumeneeds,areofasizeandscalethatwouldbe
feasibleforNewEnglandproducerstoattainandsupplyonaconsistentbasis.
Whathasbeendonetodate?
In1988,theVermontDepartmentofAgricultureinitiatedhopproductiontrialswith
CatamountBrewingCo.ofWindsor,Vermont.ThosetrialswereexpandedbyDr.
LeonardPerryattheUniversityofVermont.Reportsonthosetrialsareavailableat
http://www.uvm.edu/~pass/perry/hops.html.
InSeptember2008,asmallteamfromVermontandMassachusettstraveledto
Germany,theCzechRepublicandBelgiumtolearnmoreaboutequipmentusedthere
forharvestingandprocessinghops.Theteammetwithnumerousfarmerswho
produced,harvested,andprocessedhopsandwithmanufacturersofhopharvesting
andprocessingequipment.9
In2009theVermontAgencyofAgricultureFoodandMarketsandtheMassachusetts
DepartmentofAgriculturalResourcessecuredUSDASpecialtyCropBlockgrantsforthis
feasibilitystudytobeconductedandforUVMExtensiontodevelopandestablishan
organichopyardtrialing20hopvarietiesanddifferentcovercroppingtechniques.
http://www.brewersassociation.org/pages/businesstools/craftbrewingstatistics/facts
http://www.brewersassociation.org/pages/businesstools/craftbrewingstatistics/craftbrewerdefined
8
http://www.brewersassociation.org/pages/businesstools/craftbrewingstatistics/craftbrewerdefined
9
InformationprovidedbySteveJustis,VermontAgencyofAgriculture,FoodandMarkets,August2009.
7
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
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Methodology
Tocompletethefeasibilitystudy,thefirststepwastoresearchmarketdemandand
productspecificationsforthefinishedproduct.Craftbrewers,brewpubsand
homebrewsupplystoresinME,MA,NH,andVTwereidentifiedasthedirect
prospectivetargetmarketforaNewEnglandgrownhop.
Asurveyquestionnairewasdeveloped(seeappendices).Thequestionnairewas
availablebySurveyMonkey,asanemailattachment,andasatelephoneinterview.72
brewerswerecontactedandrequestedtoparticipate.Followupwasmadeby
telephoneandemail.47responseswerereceived,a65%responserate.
Theintentofthesurveywas:
todeterminewhatvarietiesofhopsthesebrewersuse
whatvolumeofthesehopstheyuse
whattheypay
howthesepricesfluctuate
whatpurchasingrelationshipstheyareengagedin
whattheparametersorlimitingfactorsoftheserelationshipsare
whattheywouldfindmostvaluableininfluencingtheirpurchasingdecisionfor
NewEnglandhops
whatthefinishedproductwouldneedtobeforthemtoconsiderusingaNew
Englandhop
whattheywouldconsiderafairpriceforaNewEnglandhop
Afterconductingthemarketresearch,thestudyturnedtohopproductionfeasibility.
CouldhopsgrowinNewEngland,whatarethebottleneckstocommercialproduction?
Bottlenecksresearchedincluded:
accesstoandcostofrawmaterialsforhopyardestablishment
accesstoandcostofmechanizedharvestingequipment
accesstoandcostofsecondaryprocessing
growingconditions
issuesaffectingcropyield
Followingresearchonthebottlenecks,productionmodelsfora1to10acrehopyard
wereexplored.Fourproductionmodelsweredevelopedthatcouldpresentafinancially
andlogisticallyfeasiblecommercialhopgrowingventure.
Theinformationwasthensummarizedintothisfinalreport.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
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Initialfindings
BrewerswhorespondedtothisstudywereuniversallyinterestedinbuyingNewEngland
hops:94%,44outof47respondentsindicatedaninterestinpurchasingNewEngland
hops.Thisconclusionissupportedbyresearchconductedin2009byDuncanHilcheyof
NewLeafPublishingandConsulting,Ithaca,NY.10
Whilethebrewerswhorespondedtothisfeasibilitystudymaynotberepresentativeof
theentireNewEnglandbrewingcommunity,theirresponsesdidachievethemarket
researchgoalsofthestudywhichwereto
A. Determineifthereissufficientdemandtoabsorbaminimumof100,000
lbsofdried,NewEnglandaromahopsperyear,andatwhatpricepoint
B. Developahighlyqualifiedprospectlist
Thehighlyqualifiedprospectlistiscomposedofthosebrewerswhoaskedtoremain
involvedastheprojectasresearchanddevelopment,unfolds.Theyarehighlightedin
Boldunderthebrewersconsultedintheappendices.
Keypurchasingdecisionmakingfactors
Price
Brewersarehighlypricesensitive.Whiletheyareinterestedinbuyinglocal
hops,pricewillbeakeyfactor.Theprimarypricerangesconsideredas
acceptablepricepointsatwhichbrewerswouldpurchaselocalhopsiftheymet
theirotherrequirementswere:$5/lb,$810/lb,and$1015/lb.Atthe$510/lb
brewerswouldconsidersourcing100%oftheirhopsfromNewEngland
producersifthefinishedproductwasinterchangeablewiththeirexistingsupply
intermsofproductdeliverable.
ProductQuality
Makingbeerisbothascienceandanartform.Therearemanynuancesthatcan
affectthefinalproduct.Becauseofthis,theultimateachievementofabreweris
whentheycanconsistentlyproducethesamefinishedproductintaste,aroma,
appearance,andmouthfeel,brewafterbrew,frombrewhousetobrewhouse.
Becausehopscreateasignaturearomaandflavorprofileforabeer,hopsarea
keyingredientinanybeerrecipe.Becausethechemicalmakeupofhopsmay
changefromharvesttoharvestdependingongrowingconditionsand
geographicregion,themorethebrewerknowsaboutthemakeupofeach
10
Hilchey,D.TheMarketPotentialforNortheasternGrownHops.NewLeafPublishingandConsulting,
Inc.2009.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page8
shipmentofhopshereceivesthemorehecanadjusthisrecipesothattheend
resultwillbeconsistentwithpriorbrews.
Tomeetproductqualityrequirements,NewEnglandhopswillneedtobe
submittedtoalabforchemicalanalysisandachemicalanalysiswillneedto
accompanyeachhopshipment.
ProductSpecifications
Whilethebrewercantcontrolthechemicalmakeupofahopfromharvestto
harvest,hehascometoexpecthishopstolookandperformacertainway.
Inordertomeetproductspecificationstobeconsideredaviablealternative,a
NewEnglandhopwouldneedtobepelletizedtoaT90standard,packagedin
Nitrogenflushed,vacuumsealed,foillaminatedpouches,andencasedin
cardboardboxes.Therearetwostandardofferings,four11lbpouchestoa44lb
box,orone44lbpouchtoa44lbbox.
11lbpouchesofvacuumsealed,nitrogen
flushedhoppellets.
Photocourtesyhttp://hopsextracts.com
T90Pellets.
Photocourtesyhttp://hopunion.com
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
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PurchasingDecisionInfluencersinbuyinglocal(NewEnglandgrown)hops
Stablepricepoint
Brewersarefrustratedandincreasinglyvulnerabletovolatilepricepointsand
productscarcityofhopsonthespotmarket.Thisisespeciallydisconcertingto
themasthecraftbeercategorycontinuestogrowandbrewersofallscaleand
sizecompeteforaccesstohopstomeettheirgrowingandexistingmarket
demand.
Personalrelationships
Brewers,similartobakersandchefs,taketheircraftseriouslyandpersonally.
Theyappreciatehavingconnectionstothoseprovidingtheiringredientsbecause
theyknowthatthequalityoftheingredientswillultimatelyimpactthequalityof
thefinishedproduct.Havinggrowersthattheycandevelopalonglasting,
personalrelationshipwithwillhelpsupersedepriceastheultimatepurchasing
decisionmakingfactor.
Environmentalawareness
NewEnglandscraftbrewersarewellawarethatthemajorityoftheinputsinto
theirproductscurrentlyoriginatefromtheMidWest,WestCoast,andEurope.
Anythingtheycandotohelpreducetheircarbonfootprintbybeingableto
purchaseinputsfromclosersourceswouldbeappreciated.
Localeconomicstimulation
NewEnglandcraftbrewersalsounderstandthenotionoflocaleconomy.Most
ofourcraftbrewersarelocalorregionalproducerswhoseproductsstayinNew
England,thereforekeepingtheirpurchasingdollarsinNewEnglandfurther
reinforcesthelikelihoodthattheirownproductswillbepurchased.
Marketing
Craftbrewersoftentightlywraptheirgeographiclocationsintotheircorporate
identity,leveragingasenseofplaceasadistinguishingattributeintheirsales
andmarketing.Bypurchasinglocalingredientstheycanfurtherstrengthenthis
marketingmessage.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
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MarketResearchSurveyDetails
Ofthe72brewers,brewpubs,andhomebrewsupplystoressurveyed,34responded,
foratotalresponserateof47%.Fromtheresponsesgiven,totalbarrels(bls)brewed
(from26respondents)cameto370,970blsperyear,withanaverageof14,268blsper
brewery.Thesmallestbrewerclaimed210blsperyear,whilethelargestbrewercited
100,000blsperyear.
HopVarieties&Volume
ThemostprevalenthopusedbythebrewerswasCascade,followedbyHallertau,
Centennial,Golding,andWillamette,seechartbelow.
Totalvolumeofhopsusedannuallyby21breweriesreportingcameto126,482lbsof
driedhopsperyear,and2,600lbsofwethopsperyear.
NumberofBrewers
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page11
ThetotalvolumeofCascadehopsusedby30reportingbreweriescameto81,860lbs
peryear.Volumesofthenextninemostprevalenthopswereasfollows:
Hallertau6,436lbs/yrfrom15respondents
Centennial5,400lbs/yrfrom16respondents
Golding5,250lbs/yrfrom12respondents
Willamette5,250lbs/yrfrom11respondents
Tettnang4,850lbs/yrfrom8respondents
Perle3,950lbs/yrfrom8respondents
Saaz3,550lbs/yrfrom9respondents
Magnum3,250lbs/yrfrom5respondents
Nugget:2,750lbslbs/yrfrom4respondents
NorthernBrewer2,650lbs/yrfrom9respondents
Columbus2,000lbs/yrfrom8respondents
Glacier1,850lbs/yrfrom3respondents
Inadditiontoseekingtounderstandthebrewerscurrenthopusageandvolume,the
studyaskedtheirpreferenceinwhatvarietiestheywouldbemoreinterestedinseeing
fromaNewEnglandsource,seechartonpage12.
Cascadetoppedthelistwith71%,22of31respondents,demonstratinganinterestina
NewEnglandCascade.Centennialwasthenextmostrequestedwith39%,12of31
respondents,askingforit.Thebrewerresponsespresentthemselvesfavorablyinterms
ofthelogisticalfeasibilityofbeingabletomeettheirvarietypreferencesbecause
CascadeandCentennialhappentobetwoofthevarietalsthatoutperformother
varietiesinNewEngland.11
11
InformationderivedfromcurrentNewEnglandhopgrowersincludingEugeneLEtoile,1997UVM
ExtensionHopsTrials,andUVMExtensionGrowerSurvey.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
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Page12
WholeLeafvsPelletizedHops
83%,25of30respondents,saidtheyrequiredpelletizedhops.30%,9of30
respondents,saidtheyuseorcouldusedriedwholehops.23%,7of30respondents,
saidtheycouldusewetwholehops.Thetotalvolumeofwet,wholeleafhopsused
annuallybythese7respondentscameto2,600lbs.Thetotalvolumeofdriedwholeleaf
hopsusedannuallybythese8respondentscameto3,750lbs,andthetotalvolumeof
pelletizedhopsusedbythe24respondentscameto122,732lbs(seechartonpage13).
Atthesevolumes,wethopscouldsupportlessthanoneacreofcommercialproduction,
drywholehopscouldsupportupto4acres,andpelletizedhopscouldsupportupto120
acres.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
NumberofBrewersResponding
Page13
AromavsBittering
ThefeasibilityofcommercialhopproductioninNewEnglandwillneedtofocuson
aromahops,ordualpurposehopsoverbitteringhopsfromNewEngland.Thisis
because:
1. Price:Bitteringhopsfunctionastheirnamesays,theyprovidebitternesstoa
beer,thebackboneuponwhicharomahopsthenlayercomplexity,flavorand
aroma.Becauseofthis,bitteringhopshaveevolvedintoahighlycommoditized
productwithanonelastic,pricepointaveraging$13/lb.Onlylargescale
operationsfocusedonefficienciesofscalecancompeteinthismarket.Aroma
hops,ontheotherhand,maintainproductdifferentiationcapabilitiesthatadd
valueandcancommandahigher,andmoreelastic,pricepoint.Aromahops
pricepointscanrangeashighas$25+/lb.
2. Contracts:Brewerstypicallylockinmultiyearcontractsforbitteringhops.While
theywillalsolockincontractsforcertainquantitiesofaromahopstheyknow
theyneed,theytendtoreservesomeoftheirbudgetforunexpectedpurchases,
enablingthemflexibilitytoexperimentandinnovate.Thisopensthedoorfor
themtopurchaseaNewEnglandhop.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page14
3. GrowingConditions:Bitteringhopsarehighalphaacidhopswhichareknownto
bedifficulttogrowinNewEngland.Havingahighalphaacidcontentisnota
prerequisitetoanaromahop.
4. CraftBrewerAudience:Craftbrewersaremorelikelytoexplorewithnewbeer
offerings,andseekoutnew,differentorunusualaromahopvarieties.Craft
brewersaremorelikelytoappreciatethevalueofterroir,uniquetraitsinahop
thatarederivedfromtheregioninwhichitwasgrown,inanaromahop.
5. ProductSpecifications:Becausearomahopscanbeaddedatdifferentstages
duringthebrewingprocess,thereareopportunitiesfornonpelletizedhopsso
evensmallscalecommercialgrowersinterestedinsellingwholedriedorwet
hopscouldparticipate.
6. CertainaromahopvarietiesareparticularlywellsuitedtogrowinginNew
Englandandarealsoinhighdemandfromthecraftbrewingcommunity.These
includeCascade,Centennial,Willamette,Chinook,andNugget.
PricePoints
Intermsofpricingtheissueiscomplex.Thehistoricalaveragepricefordriedhopsfrom
19912006was$1.80/lb,seechartbelow.However,in2007,failedEuropeancrops,
decliningacreageworldwide,aYakimawarehousefireandotherfactorsconspiredto
sendspotpricessoaringfrom$2and$3apoundto$30ormore.12
(source:NASS)
12
Fayston,J.The2007hopsshortageisover,theglutof'09ishere...TheOregonian.10/28/2009.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
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Page15
NumberofBrewers
Brewersreactedbyenteringintomultiyearcontractsattheheightofthecrisissimply
toensuretheywouldbeguaranteedasupplyofhops.Insomecasesthishastied
brewersinto35yearcontractsata$1530/lbpricepoint,notnecessarilyincluding
shipping,eventhoughtheshortageisnowoverandthespotmarketpricingisback
downto$5/lb.
Becauseoftheseverevolatilityincommoditypricingandproductshortagethatthe
brewingindustryexperienced,themajorityofbrewerssurveyedreportedthatthey
wouldelectlongtermcommitmentswithlocalgrowersovercommoditycontractsand
spotmarketpurchasing,andwouldbewillingtopayaconsistentpriceforthisto
happenevenifthepricewerehigherthanthespotmarketprice,aslongasbothparties
felttheywerebeingwellserved.
Followingisachartdemonstratingwhatbrewershavesuggestedtheywouldconsidera
fairpriceforNewEnglandhops.Notethatthecurrentspotmarketpriceisaveraging
$58/lb.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
NumberofBrewers
Page16
Afewofthebrewersconsidered$5/lbafairpricepointandbelievedthatwasstill
favorableeventhoughitsequivalenttocurrentspotmarketpricingbecausehistorically
spotmarketpricinghasaveraged$1.80/lbandthespotmarketcouldeasilyslipbackto
thislevel.Themajorityfeltthat$810/lbforNewEnglandhopswouldbereasonable.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
NumberofBrewers
Page17
Percentageofabrewerstotalhopneedstheywouldconsidersourcinglocally
Atthepricepointbrewersidentifiedasapricetheyfeltfairforlocalhops,thestudy
thenaskedhowmuchofthetotalpercentageoftheirhopneedstheywouldsource
locallyifitwereavailable.Themajorityofbrewerssaidtheywouldbeinterestedin
sourcing100%oftheirhopneedslocallyifthequalitymatchedtheirexpectationsand
thepricepointfellwithin$510/lb.Abovethispricepointbrewerswouldstillconsider
buyinglocalhopsbutonlyasapercentageoftheirtotalhopneeds.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page18
ProductionFeasibility
Thefirstquestiontoaskregardingproductionfeasibilityis,canaNewEnglandgrower
growwhatthebrewerswant?Asnotedearlierintheresearch,theanswertothisis:
yes.Cascadeisthemostrequestedhop,andisavarietythatgrowswellinNew
England.InadditiontoCascadethereareseveralothervarietiesthatcouldgrowwell
hereandwouldbeofinteresttothebrewingcommunity.Brewershavealsoexpressed
aninterestinexperimentingwithanynew,uniquecultivarstheregioncancomeup
with.Havingahopuniquetoourregioncouldstrengthentheelementofterroir,
piquingglobalindustryinterest,andprovidingareasontojustifyapremiumpricepoint.
GrowingConditions
AccordingtotheHopsAtlas13optimalconditionsforgrowinghopsareasfollows:
alatitudebetween3555degrees
averagetemperaturefromAprilthroughSeptemberbetween1019C
averageprecipitationfromAprilthroughSeptemberof64569mm
averagedaylightduringthesemonthsbetween1019hrs/day
Thesefindingswerederivedbytakingtheclimatedatafortophopgrowingregionsin
theworld:George,SouthAfrica;TasmaniaandVictoriaAustralia;RioNegroArgentina;
OregonandYakima,US;Hallertau,Germany;Saaz,Czech;andWyeEngland.
Inaddition,theatlasidentifiedwelldrainingsandyloamasthebestsoilforgrowing
hops.
Giventheseparameters,itlookslikeNewEnglandhaseverycapabilitytocompetefor
commercialhopgrowing.Fromaverybasicfeasibilitycapacity,therightgrowing
conditionsdoexist:
theaveragelatitudeisinthe40's
theaveragetemperaturefromAprilthroughSeptember15.5C(60F)
theaverageprecipitationfromAprilthroughSeptemberis525550mm
theaveragehoursofdaylightfromAprilthroughSeptemberis13.5hrs/day
theFarmlandClassificationsSystemforVTSoilshighlightsFranklin,Addison
andRutlandcountiesascountieswithsandyloamsoils.Massachusettssoils
inFranklinandWorcesterCountiesarealsoknowntobewelldrained,sandy
loamsoils.
13
Barth, Joh Heinrich, Klinke, Christiane, Schmidt, Claus. The Hop Atlas. Joh Barth & Sohn, Nuremberg,
Germany. 1994.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page19
AkeycaveatforgrowinghopsinNewEngland,however,willbetheissueofbedrock.
Toerectthehopyardtrellis,thepolesneedtobeseatedatleast34intheground,
whichmeansoneneeds34oftopsoilbeforehittingbedrock.InmuchofNewEngland
thebedrocklieslessthan3belowthesurface.Whileitispossibletoadaptand
improveapoorgrowingmedium,itisnotsoeasyorcosteffectivetoblastthrough
bedrock.Socarewillneedtobegiventoevaluatingthebedrocksituationforeach
prospectivesitepriortoanydecisionbeingmadeondesiretoestablishahopyard.
Nowthatparametersrequiredforgrowinghopshavebeenestablished,whatwillitcost
tobuildahopyardandgrowhops,andisitcosteffective?
Infrastructure
AscommercialhopgrowingmovedWestintheearly20thcentury,infrastructurefor
valueaddedprocessingofhopsintheNortheastdied.Inordertodeveloparesurgence
ofacommerciallyviablehopcrop,tools,techniques,equipment,andserviceswillbe
requiredtohelpgrowersestablishtheirhopyardscosteffectively,andprovidethem
withtheabilitytotransformtheirrawhopsintothefinishedproductbrewersneed.
Atpresent,therearefewhopyardsuppliersgrowerscanturntoforsmallscale
commercialoperations.Growersareoftenforcedtopayretailpricesforsuppliessuch
asrhizomes,cables,andthesimplethoughtofbeingabletosourceuptoonehundred
2224polescanbedaunting.Whileaccessibilityisalreadyaweakness,itcanbe
exacerbatedbytheissueofquality.Thesourcingofqualityrhizomesinparticularcan
beverydifficult,evenwhenbuyingfromsupposedlytrustedsources.Bothlocal
growersandUVMExtensionhavereceivedhopsthatwerediseased,infestedor
otherwiseoflessthanidealquality.14
Inadditiontothedifficultiesinvolvedinlocatingmaterialsandsupplies,thecostof
establishingahopyardcanvarydramaticallybasedonthedesignbeingused.Different
designswillrequiremoreorlesspoles,moreorlessrhizomes,andsoon.Toprovidean
exampleofthis,pleaserefertotheappendicesforacomparisonofthesupplies
requiredandcosttoestablishasamplingofdifferenthopyarddesigns.
InfrastructureSolution
GorstValleyHops,wasestablishedin2005inWisconsintoalleviatebarrierstoentryfor
smallscalehopgrowers.Thebusinesshasfocusedonidentifyingandsolvingthe
bottlenecks,anddevelopingbestpracticesforsmallscalehopgrowerstoemployso
thattheycanbecommerciallysuccessful.GorstValleyHopshasbecomeareputable
sourcesmallmidwestgrowersinterestedincommerciallygrowinghopscanturnto.
14
PhoneconversationswithGeneLEtoile,FourStarFarm,andRosalieMadden,UVMExtension,August,
2010.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page20
ThecommercialmodelGorstValleyhasdevelopedworkssuchthatallthreepartiesthe
brewer,theprocessor,andthegrowerbenefit.15TheGorstValleymodelisbasedona
valuesharechartergrowerprogram,inwhichthegrowersagreetosendtheirannual
hopsharvesttoGorstValley.Inreturn,GorstValleyprovidesthemwiththeir
researchedandtestedhighdensityhopyarddesign,technicalassistancetoimplement
it,ongoingtechnicalsupportduringthegrowingseasonforthefirstfouryears,direct
sourcingandwholesalepricingofallthesourcematerialsrequiredtoestablishtheir
hopyard,accesstoequipmentinnovationsandresearchanddevelopment,anda
marketingoutletthatstrivesforafairandprofitablepricefor100%oftheirharvest.In
thismodelGorstValleysharestheproceedsofthehopsales6040with60%goingback
tothegrowers.
Theabilityforgrowerstohaveaccesstoareplicable,provendesignforoptimalyield
andproductivityforasmallscalecommercialhopyard,completewithaccessto
commerciallyavailablesourcematerialsatwholesalepricing,withqualityassured
rhizomesisthefirstrequirementtocreatingacommerciallyviablehopcrop.Tothis
end,AtlanticHops,anewventurebeinglaunchedbyMichaelRoffman,inpartnership
withGorstValleyHopswillbeopeningintheNortheastin2011.AtlanticHopsintends
toestablishaNortheastvaluesharegrowerprogramandactasadistributorofGorst
ValleyproductsandservicestoNewEnglandcommercialhopgrowers.16
SecondaryProcessing
Evenwithbarrierstoentryremovedfromthegrowingoperation,issuespersist.Access
tosecondaryprocessingisthenexthurdle.BrewersarelookingforaT90pellet
product,packagedinvacuumsealed,nitrogenflushedfoillaminatedpouches.
WhatisaT90Pellet,howisitmade,andhowisitpackaged?
T90Pellets(are)amilledandpelletizedpreparationfromwholeleafhopsT90hop
pelletsarepreparedfromleafhopswhichhavebeenhammermilledintoapowderand
thepowdersubsequentlypelletizedbypassingthroughaconventionalpelletdie.They
containallthevegetativeandlupulinmaterialofrawleafhopsandcanbeusedasafull
replacementforleafhopsinthebrewingprocess.Baledhopsarebrokenupandpassed
intoanairstreamwhichdeliversthemtoahammermill.Heavyforeignmaterialsdrop
outandmetalfragmentsareremovedusingmagnets.Theconehopsaremilleduntil
theypassthroughasievewhichiscommonlyofa912mmmesh.Thepowderfrom
manybalesismixedandhomogenizedinablenderandthenconveyedtoapelletdie,
mostcommonly4or6mmindiameter.Thepelletsareimmediatelycooled,normallyto
atemperatureofbetween17C.Cooledpelletspassoverashakerwheredustis
removedandrecirculatedthroughtheplant.The"clean"pelletsarepackagedin
15
16
PhoneconversationwithJamesAltwies,founder,GorstValleyHops,September7,2010.
PhoneconversationwithMichaelRoffman,founder,AtlanticHops,August,2010.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page21
laminated,plastic/aluminumfoilpouches,evacuatedandboxed.Thepacksmaybe
backflushedwithcarbondioxideornitrogengastoproduceasoftpackcontainer.17
Whileitispossibletoconductthissecondaryprocessingonfarm,manyfarmsmaynot
beinterestedindoingmorethangrowingthecrop,andmanyarefindingitdifficultto
sourceandobtainsatisfactoryresultswiththeirsecondaryprocessingequipment.18
AtlanticHopswillprovidecommercialprocessingofNewEnglandhopsthatwillensure
secondaryprocessingisnolongerabarriertoentry,andthatNewEnglandcanproduce
aconsistent,professionalgradefinishedproduct.AtlanticHopswillofferitsvalueshare
growerprogramforgrowerswhoaresimplyinterestedingrowingthecrop,itwillalso
offersitservicesforhiretogrowerswhowouldliketogrowandselltheirownhopsbut
wouldliketopayforthesecondaryprocessingservices.
CriticalMass
EvenifeachfarmproducesitsownT90pelletizedproductthathasbeenchemically
analyzed,andpackagedinanitrogenflushed,vacuumsealedfoillaminatedpouch,the
factremainsthatmostgrowerswillbelookingatanaveragesizeofaoneacrehopyard,
atleastinitially.Aoneacrehopyardisexpectedtoyieldanaverageof1,500dried
poundsoffinishedproduct.Thisyieldwilllimittheprospectivetargetmarketbecause
largercraftbrewerswillrequiremoreproductthanasinglefarmercanproduce.Given
theproductofasinglevarietalwilldifferfromfarmtofarm,abrewercannoteasily
combinethem,evenifheadaptshisrecipe.AccordingtoMichaelGerhart,headbrewer
atOtterCreekBrewing,Wetrytobuyallourhopsatonetimeandfromthesamecrop
soweknowtheinformationperhopswillbestandardforthewholecropwearebuying
andtherecipewewillbemakingforthatyear.19
BycombininghopsfrommultipleNewEnglandfarmstogether,AtlanticHopswillbe
abletodevelopcriticalvolumeofeachvarietalitofferssothatcraftbrewersofallsize
andscalecanpurchasefromahomogeneousproduct.Incombiningmultiplefarms
hopstogether,idiosyncrasiesfromeachgrowerarealsominimized,thuscreatinga
productthatismoreconsistentlyinlinewiththestandardprofileforthathopvariety.
Byhavingcriticalmass,andaregionalproductthatbrandstheregionfirstandforemost,
AtlanticHopscanattractawarenessfortheregionsefforts,whichintheendwill
facilitatethemarketingeffortsofindividualproducers.
17
http://www.hopunion.com/hoppowderpellets.html
ConferenceCallwithRogerRainville,BorderviewFarmandAgResearchFacility,9/17/2010.
19
ConferenceCallwithMichaelGerhart,HeadBrewer,OtterCreekBrewingCompany,7/6/2010.
18
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page22
Cashflow
Thefinalrequirementiscashflow.Oncetheinfrastructureisinplace,canthehopyards
operateinamannerthatisfinanciallyfeasible?
Toassistitsgrowersinbecomingfinanciallyviable,GorstValleyHops,hasresearched
growingandharvestingtechniquestooptimizeyield,andisdevelopingequipmentfor
smallscaleacreagethatoptimizesefficiency.Inthesummerof2010,forexample,Gorst
ValleyHopsconductedharvestingstudiestodeterminethemostadvantageous
techniquesforhandharvestingonacommercialscale.Theyalsobegantestinga
mechanicalpickertheydesigned.
AccordingtoestimatesprovidedbylocalNewEnglandgrowers,UVMExtension,anda
commercialgrowerinWashington,manualharvestingonaverageyields1lbofdried
hopsperhour,20seetablebelow.
Manualharvestingestimatesgiven
RickPedersen,PedersenFarms,NY
1lbdriedhops(1bine)perhour(1lb/hr)
JasonPerrault,PerraultFarms,Inc,WA 100people,30days,13acres(1.08lbs/hr)
GeneLEtoile,FourStarFarm,MA
1lbdriedhops(1bine)perhour(1lb/hr)
LeonardPerry,UVMExtension,VT
24manhourstopick5lbsofdriedhops,
(0.21lbs/hour)
Atarateof1lbofdriedhopsperhour,itwillbeneartoimpossibletogeneratea
positivecashflowforacommercialhopventure.
IntheGorstValleyHopstrials,however,theydeterminedthatifthegrowercutthe
entirebinebutonlyharvestedthetoponethirdofthebine,where94%ofthehop
conesresided,thegrowerwouldreducepickingtimeby42%,to35minutesperdried
lb.Bygoingastepfurtherandstrippingthebine,andsortingtheconesonamesh
screen,thegrowercouldreducepickingtimeto20minutesperdriedlb.Usinga
mechanizedpickerandmechanizedsorter,thegrowercanreducethetimeto3
minutesperdriedlb,a95%efficiencygain.21
IfagrowerweretoemployGorstValleyHopsharvestingtechniques,andutilizea
mechanicalharvesterandsorter,thehopfeasibilityequationcanbetransformedinto
afinanciallyrewardingoutlookforcommercialhopgrowinginNewEngland.Please
refertotheattachedcashflowsfordetails.
20
InformationprovidedbyRickPedersen,PedersonFarm,NY,3/26/2010,JasonPerrault,PerraultFarms,
WA,3/26/2010,GeneLEtoile,FourStarFarms,MA,8/20/2010,and
http://www.uvm.edu/~pass/perry/hops.html.
21
EmailcommunicationfromJamesAltwies,founder,GorstValleyHops,9/14/2010.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page23
Notethatinallfourscenariosofsalesanddistribution(participatinginthevalueshare
program;sellingwholedriedhops;usingAtlanticHopsprocessingservices;ordoing
onfarmpelletizing),onlythecashflowmodelsthatemploystrippingandsortingand
mechanizedharvestingofferapositivereturnoninvestment,andonlythe
mechanizedharvestingcashflowmodelsofferthepossibilityofasubstantialannual
netincome.
Todevelopthecashflows,thestudyassumedthefollowing:
Income
pricepointsfordriedwholehops:$10/lb
pricepointforpelletizedhops:$15/lb
incometogrowerfromvalueshareprogram:$9/lb(60%of$15/lb)
Expense
operatingexpensesnotincludinglaborandprocessing:$2,500/acreperyear22
InfrastructureExpense
Growersinvolvedinthevalueshareprogramcanexpecttopayapproximately$10,000
toestablishaoneacrehopyard.Growersnotinthevalueshareprogramcanexpectto
payapproximately$12,000toestablishaoneacrehopyard,seeappendicesforsample
hopyardinfrastructurebudgets.
Yield
Ayieldof1,500driedpoundsperacrewasusedastheaverageexpectedyield.This
numberwasderivedfromhistoricaverageyieldsfromGorstValleyHopsgrowersfrom
averageyieldingvarieties.
22
ConservativeestimatedderivedfromhistoricactualdatafromGorstValleyHopsgrowers
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page24
OtherIssuesAffectingGrowingCapabilityandCommercialProduction
Accordingtoexperiencedgrower,RickPedersen,PedersenFarms,NY,whilehopsmay
beahighmaintenancecrop,thisistrueofanyfieldcrop.InRicksexperience,hops
aresimilartofieldcorn.Ifyouknowhowtogrowfieldcornsuccessfully,youshouldbe
abletodowellwithhops.23Followingarecertainspecificelementsoftheoperation
thatcanaffectthesuccessofcommercialhopgrowers.
Disease&Pests
Hopshavebeennotoriousasacropthatgrowswellinthewildbutwhosecommercial
cultivarstendtobeproblematic.Hopsareeasilysusceptibletodownymildew,
powderymildew,aphids,andspidermites.Arigorouspestanddiseasemanagement
regimewillbearequiredelementofanycommercialgrowingoperation.
Nutrients
Nutrientsandsoilamendmentscanbothboostaplantsproductivityandalleviate
diseaseandpestpressure.HopspreferapHof6.06.2,oramildlyacidicsoil.
Growersshouldtesttheirfieldsannuallyandamendtheirsoilstoprovidetheideal
growingmediumfortheirplants.Notethatamendingsoilsbasedontheirspecific
needsiscriticalbecauseoverapplicationofNitrogenbasedfertilizerwillcausesappy
growththatisparticularlysusceptibletodiseaseandpests.24
Inadditiontoamendingthesoilforfertility,therearealsoamendmentsbeing
designedtoassistwithdiseaseandpestcontrol.AnewproductfromGermanyfor
example,BiplantolMykosV,isanorganicamendmentthatisabsorbedbythecapillary
rootsystemandfortifiesaplantsresistancetobacteriaandfungalinfestation
includingpowderyanddownymildew.Theresultisahealthyandvitalplant,which
canmorereadilywithstandpestanddiseasepressure.25UVMExtensionistrialing
othersoilamendmentsandgroundcoverstobeabletoprovidefurther
recommendationsforNewEnglandhopgrowers.
Irrigation
Hops,similartoCucurbitaceaeenjoy,andrequire,watering,butoverheadwatering
willencourageandspreaddisease.Thereforeinstallationanduseofdripirrigationis
recommendedforcommercialgrowers.Thebinesalsoneedgoodairflowandspacing
betweenthemtoencourageadry,diseasefreeenvironment.Hoprootspreferawell
23
HoppingtoIt!Conference,RickPedersenPresentation,March26,2010.
Kneen,Rebecca.SmallScaleOrganicHopProduction.LeftFieldsBC.2004.
25
https://www.biplantol.com/produkte.php?content=3
24
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page25
drainedsoil.Ifagrowerhasheavysoil,installingadrainagesystemwillbean
importantfactortohelpensureasuccessfulhopyard.
TimingofEventsintheGrowingSeason
Hopsrequirespecifictimelyattentiontoplantpruning,irrigation,andharvesting.
Hopsmustbepickedwhenfullyripe.Earlyharvestingcanhinderlupulindevelopment
andloweralphaacidcontentbyupto20%.Lateharvestingcanlowerthembyas
muchas10%.26Inessencethisistypicalofanyfieldcrop.Experiencedgrowerslearn
tounderstandthenuancesofeachcroptheygrow,andwithalittleexperienceand
effort,especiallybeingabletobenefitfromtheknowledgeofothersmallscalehop
growingexpertswhohaveundergonerecenttrialanderrorsuchasthegrowersfrom
GorstValley,bringingourNewEnglandgrowersuptospeedispossible.
Yield
Yieldcanvarygreatlybyvariety,byweatherconditions,andbyindividualfarm
growingpractices,philosophies,andgoals.Asanexample,aplantsindividualyield
canvarybyasmuchas40%dependingonwhattimetheirrigationwasrunpriorto
harvest.Becauseofthis,James,atGorstValleyHops,hasfounditbeneficialforfarms
todevelopproductiongoalsandproductionmetricsbasedonindividualplant
productivityinsteadofoverallyieldperacre.Whenfarmsfocusonhelpingeach
plantreachitsfullpotential,theyseeanincreaseinoverallyieldbecausethey
identifiedwitheachplantgrowthstage,workingtomaximizethepotentialateach
step,whichinturnequatestomoreconsistentyield.Whengrowersmeasurecrop
inputsandproductionbasedonpoundsperacretheytendtooverlookthenuancesof
productivity.Atoursizeandscale,afocusonefficiencyoverproductivitynegatively
impactsfinancialreturn.27
AtGorstValleyHops,anaverageproducinghopvarietycanproducealowyieldof
1,000lbsofdriedhops;anaverageyieldof1,500lbsofdriedhops,andastrongyield
of2,000lbsofdriedhops.UsingtheGorstValleyHopshopyarddesignand
participatingintheAtlanticHopsvaluesharegrowerprogramitislikelyNewEngland
growerscanachievesimilarresults.28ExistingNortherngrowerRickPedersen,
PedersenFarm,NYaverages8001,200lbsofdriedhopsperacre(4,0006,000wet
hops),howeverheacknowledgedthathisgrowingsystemisnotfullyoptimizedand
hehasnotbeenabletoprovideindividualizedplantattention.29GeneLEtoile
26
Virant,Majda,Majer,Dusica.HopStorageIndexIndicationofaBrewingQuality.InstituteofHop
ResearchandBrewingZalec.January2006.
27
EmailcommunicationwithJamesAltwies,founder,GorstValleyHops,9/27/2010.
28
ConferenceCallwithJamesAltwies,founder,GorstValleyHops,9/7/2010.
29
HoppingtoIt!Conference,RickPedersenPresentation,March26,2010.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page26
30
harvested100lbsofdriedhopsfrom70plants. Ifthisisextrapolatedtothe1,283
plantsperacrethatGorstValleyHopsrecommends,thiswouldextrapolatetoayield
of1,832driedpoundsperacre,whichisinlinewithGorstValleyHopsyield
projections.
Inestimatingwettodryyields,expectashrinkageratioof1:5,thereforeeverywetlb
harvestedwillyield1/5thofapoundofdriedhops.31
TimetoMaturity
Whenwillhopplantsreachfullmaturity?
Ittakesapproximatelyfouryearsforahopbinetoreachfullmaturity.Inthefirstyear
expectnoharvest,inthesecondyearexpect40%ofafullharvest,inthethirdyear
expect90%,andinthe4thyearplanonfullproduction.32
1styear
=
0%harvest
=
40%harvest
2ndyear
rd
3 year
=
90%harvest
th
4 year
=
100%harvest
LowTrellisSystems/CurbAppeal
Anotheranglethisresearchwastoinvestigatewastheinterestorneedforgrowing
lowtrellishopsandthefeasibilityofdoingso.
Traditionallygrownhopsaretrainedupstrandsoftwineriggedacrossan18foothigh
trellissystemandthenhandtiedatthetoptoaseriesofoverheadcrosswires.Come
harvest,thehopbearingvinesarecutandhauledtopickingandcleaningstations.
Withlowtrellissystems,plantstrainthemselvesupandacrossplasticmesh,or
netting,ona10foothightrellissystem.Hopsareharvestedinthefieldbyhandor
usingamobilelowtrellishoppicker.Thevinesareleftonthemeshwheretheydie
offoverthewinterandregrowthenextspring.
Thepotentialbenefitsofalowtrellissysteminclude:
1. Bettercurbappealespeciallyforfarmslocatedinmoreurbanenvironments
suchasMassachusetts.Alowtrellissystemwouldbelessvisiblefroma
distanceand,beingshorterinheight,anysprayingactivitieswoulddrawless
attention.
30
ConferenceCallwithGeneLEtoile,FourStarFarm,7/13/2010.
HoppingtoIt!Conference,RickPedersenPresentation,March26,2010.
32
EmailcorrespondencefromJamesAltwies,founder,GorstValleyHops,9/23/2010.
31
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page27
2. Loweroperatingexpenses.Lowertrelliseseliminatetheneedforstringing,in
whichtwineistiedtothetrelliswires,andtraining,inwhichthestrongest
shootsofeachhopplantaretrainedupthestring.Theycanalsobeeasierto
harvest.Thesechangescouldreduceannuallaborexpensebyupto30%per
year.33Annualsuppliesexpensecanalsobediminishedbecausethemesh
netsremainintactfromyeartoyearwitha10yearlifespan,unlikecoirtwine
whichneedstobereplacedeachyearatanaveragecostof$125/acre.34Low
trellisproductionsystemsalsoenablegrowerstoapplypesticideswith
directedorcoveredsprayersthatlowertheamountofpesticidesrequired,and
theyuselessfertilizer,furtherreducingoperatingcosts.35
3. Environmentalbenefits.Giventhepesticidescanbeappliedinamore
targetedanddirecteffort,aloweramountofpesticidesisrequired,thus
lesseningtheamountofpesticideaddedtotheenvironmentandtheriskfor
pesticidedrift.36Conversely,however,thistheoryisquestionedbyEdward
Pagewhonotesthathigherchemicaluseisrequiredfortillingandpruning.37
4. Lowerstartupexpenses/easiertoestablish.Itiseasierandlessexpensiveto
sourceandinstall1012polesandnylonmeshthantopurchaseandinstall20
24polesandsteelcabling.AccordingtoEdwardPage,whodidacost
comparisonbetweenhightrellisandlowtrellis,itcostsabouthalfasmuchto
setupalowtrellishopyard,$6,000/acre.38
Despitetheseexcellentbenefitsthereareseveralissuesaffectingthecommercial
feasibilityofgrowinglowtrellishopsinNewEnglandatthistime.
1. Commerciallowtrellisharvestingequipmentiscostprohibitive,ranging
between$200,000$400,000perharvester.
2. Increasedincidenceofdisease.AccordingtoJulienVenne,ProjectManagerat
QubecsCentredeRechercheetdeDveloppementTechnologiqueAgricole
deLOutaouais,thereisstrongconcernthatintheNortheastsrainy,humid,
anddiseaseproneclimate,havingbinesoverwinterwouldencouragedisease
ifthesporesoffungaldiseasesoverwinteronhopcrownsandligneous
tissues.Thiscouldkeephighlevelsofdiseaseinoculumsinthefieldand
exacerbatethediseasecontrolprocess.39InthePacificNorthWesttheyare
33
USDAARS.LowerHopTrellisesforHigherProfits.CropManagement.21January2008.
Ward,L.YakimaHeraldRepublic.Someplasticmeshcouldsavestatehopfarms.Newtechniquehas
potentialforthebeermakingcrop.May30,2005.
35
USDAARS.LowerHopTrellisesforHigherProfits.CropManagement.21January2008.
36
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan08/hops0108.htm
37
Page,E.B.HopTrellising&Budgets.7/26/2008.
38
Page,E.B.HopTrellising&Budgets.7/26/2008.
39
EmailCommunicationJulienVenne,ProjectManageratQubecsCentredeRechercheetde
DveloppementTechnologiqueAgricoledeLOutaouais,5/25/2010.
34
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page28
experimentingwithusingdiseaseresistantvarietiesandbeatingthebinesoff
themeshoncetheyhavefrozenoverinwintertocounterthisissue.
3. Limitedvarieties.Notallhopsaresuitedtolowtrellismanagementandmany
ofthelowtrellisvarietiesthatdoexistarenotinhighdemandbythe
brewers.40
4. Patents.Manylowtrellissystemandhopvarietiesarepatented.Thismay
presentmoredifficultiesandexpenseinsourcingvarietiesandhopyard
supplies.
5. LowerYields.AccordingtoresearchconductedbyJasonPerrault,Godin&
Page,andJohnHenning,hopsgrownonalowtrellissystemwillhavealower
yieldthanhightrellisedhops.Yieldscouldrangeanywherefrom2050%less.
4142
Becauseofthis,geneticistJohnHenningisresearchingwhatgeneorgenes
areresponsibleforshortergrowthtoaidinselectionofhopsvarietiesthatmay
respondmorefavorablytolowtrellissystems.43
Theconclusionregardinglowtrellissystemsisthatwhileitwouldbeinterestingto
investigate,theclearpathtowardsanimmediatecommerciallyviablehopcropwould
betocontinuedownthetraditionalhightrellishopspath.Theadventofmore
commerciallyavailablemobileharvestingmachinerycoupledwithmoreresearchinto
lowtrellishopvarietiesandthevalidationorrefutationwithrespecttodiseaseissues
giventheoverwinteringofhopcrownsandligneoustissuesinNewEnglandwinterswill
helpfurtherthediscussiononthelongtermpotentialofalowtrellissystem.Inthe
appendicesisanexpiredpatentforamobile,lowtrellisharvester.
OnFarm/DoItYourselfTechniques
GivengrowersinNewEnglandhavehadtorelyontheirowningenuity,trialanderror,
andpersonalexpensetogrow,harvest,andprocesshopsinrecentdecades,severaldo
ityourself,lowcostsolutionshavebeendevelopedtosolveproductionbottlenecks.
DoItYourselfHopPickers
Atpresenttherearenocommerciallyavailablehoppickersfor110acrehopyards.
SomefarmshavetriedimportingoldermachinesfromEasternEurope,butaccessto
partsandreliabilityareanissue.Because110acrecommercialhopyardswere
commonintheearlytwentiethcentury,Germanyalonehad80,000100,000hopyards
thatwereoneacreorless,andNewYorkandOregonoperationsofthetimewere
40
EmailcommunicationwithRosalieMadden,UVMExtension,5/25/2010.
Page,E.B.,Godin,R.HopyardConstruction:BudgetingandEconomics.CSUAgExp.Station.
42
EmailcommunicationwithRosalieMadden,UVMExtension,5/25/2010.
43
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan08/hops0108.htm.
41
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page29
44
comparableinsize,yield,andproductiontothesefarms, severalpatentsformachines
doexistforthesescaleoperations.Thisstudyresearchedandrecirculatedthese
patentsinhopesnewdesignsormachinistswouldbeinterestedinbuildingprototype
machinesthatcouldbetested,andifeffective,replicatedandsoldtoday.Copiesof
thesepatentsareattachedasappendicestothisreport.Threedesignsdidemergefrom
thiseffort,twobylocalfabricatorHugoGervais,andathirdbyJefferyCox.These
designswouldrangeinpricefrom$3,900to$27,000,thelowercostmodelshandling
approximately1/3ofanacreandthemoreexpensivemodelsbeingabletohandle
multipleacres.GorstValleyHopsisalsodesigningandtestingasmallscalepickerthat
willbeabletomanageuptoanacreperhopvariety,thereforeatotalofthreeacresif
followingthethreevarietyhopplanting.Theyplantohavethehoppickerandahop
sortercombinationavailableforsalethroughAtlanticHopsby2012for$15,000orless.
Alloftheseoptionsarewellunderthe$250,000expenseofapickerdesignedforthe
largefieldsoutWest,andallabletoprovideareasonabletimeframeforreturnon
investment,of5yearsorless.
Note:Whenevaluatinghoppickersitisessentialtosearchforadesignthatwill
minimizeshatterordamagetothehop.Theaveragerateofdamageexperienced
duringhandharvestinghoversaround2%.Ideallyonewouldwantamechanizedpicker
toequalorimproveonthatrate.TheGorstValleyHopspickeriscurrentlyexperiencing
ashatterrateofbelow2%.45
DoItYourselfOasts
Oastscanbebuilteconomicallyfrommaterialsaroundthefarm.Afivegallonpailwith
a3diametercomputerfanandameshscreencandryuptoahalfpoundofdriedhops
atatime(~2hoursworthofhandpicking).A30gallonbarrelgarbagecanwitha6fan
wouldfurtherincreasethevolumeofdryingcapacity;anda16x24x8rectanglebuilt
outofwoodorothermaterials,withan18to2fanandanylonmeshsecuredmidway
downcoulddryuptoofanacreatatime.46
Inadditiontoselfmadeoptions,AtlanticHopswillofferGorstValleyHopsoastdesigns
andoastkitsforNewEnglandhopgrowers.ThecostofaGorstValleyHopsOastwillbe
highlydependentonthefansizeneededastheirdesignusesaninverseblowing
technique,ratherthanblowingairintothehops,itissuckingairthroughthehops.An
oastforaoneacrehopyardoastwillrunapproximately$5,000,anoastfor25acreswill
runapproximately$10,000andanoastfor5+acreswillrunapproximately$17,500.
44
Barth,JohHeinrich,Klinke,Christiane,Schmidt,Claus.TheHopAtlas.JohBarth&Sohn,Nuremberg,
Germany.1994.
45
PhoneConversationwithJamesAltwies,founder,GorstValleyHops,9/7/2010.
46
PhoneConversationwithNewEnglandhopgrowerJonathanBlumberg,August8,2010.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page30
Exteriorviewofahomemadeoast.Suppliesaresimple2x4stocreatetheframe,
1x2stoaffixthescreen,a4x8screen,tyvektoformthewalls,andacircularfan.
PictureofGeneLEtoilesFourStarFarms,MA.Photocreditr.wilson
Insideofahomemadeoast,notethemeshscreeninstalledpartwayuptoallow
airtocirculatebelowandabovethehops.Notetheseriesofoastsinthe
background,enablingmorevolumetobedryingsimultaneously.Pictureof
GeneLEtoilesFourStarFarms,MA.Photocreditr.wilson
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page31
DoItYourselfSorting
Sortingmechanismsenableagrowertogofromhandpickinghopsonebyoneoffthe
binetostrippingthemintoapileonasortingtableandquicklyextricatingthehopsfrom
thechaff.Sortingisanareaoftheharvestingprocessthatcangreatlyincreasea
growersefficiency.JamesAltwies,founderofGorstValleyHops,notesthattobe
commerciallyviable,growerscantoverlyconcernthemselveswithremoving100%of
thestemsandleaves.AccordingtoAltwies,thenationalindustrystandardsallowforup
to2.5%ofstemandleafsubstancetoremainattachedtoahopandstillbecalledhops.
Soonecanleaveuptoaninchofstemattachedtoahopandhaveitstillapprovedasa
hop.Ahomemadesortingsystemcanbeachievedthroughcreatingaseriesofsorting
tablesoutofmeshedscreensaffixedtoarectangularframe.A1screenwouldbeused
firsttosortoutbigleaves,allowingthehopstofallontoasecond.25meshscreenthat
canthenbeusedtosortoutfinaldebrisandallowasortertoremoveanyexcess
detritusfromahopbeforeusheringtheconesintoboxesthatcanthenbesenttodry.
Foroptimalefficiency,mechanizingonessortingsystemisadvised.GorstValleyHops
offersamechanized,angled,oscillatingsortingsystemthathascapacityforoneacreper
hopvariety.TheGorstValleyHopssortercombinedwiththeGorstValleyHopshop
pickerisexpectedtobeavailablefromAtlanticHopsin2012atatotalpricepointof
$15,000orless.47
DoItYourselfCompacting
Ideallyhopsshouldbecompacteddownto10lbspercubicfootandbailed.Thiswill
makethemeasiertotransportandhelpretaintheirstoragequality.48Oncecompacted
andbailedthehopscanremaininrefrigeratedstorageuntilsoldorpelletized.At
presenttherearenoknowncommerciallyavailablecompressorsspecificallydesigned
forsmallscalehopgrowers.Existinggrowershavesuggestedusingatrashcompactor,
orpressingdownonabagofhopsusingascrewaugerplate,asrelativelyeffective
meanstocompresstheirhops.49
GorstValleyHopsiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheneedforcompressingmechanismsfor
smallscalehopgrowers.
47
ConferencecallwithJamesAltwies,Founder,GorstValleyHops,9/7/2010.
PhoneConversationwithNewEnglandhopgrowerJonathanBlumberg,August8,2010.
49
PhoneConversationwithNewEnglandhopgrowerJonathanBlumberg,August8,2010.
48
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page32
DoItYourselfPelletizing
Asdemonstratedinthemarketresearch,anoverwhelmingnumberofbrewerspreferor
canonlyusepelletizedhops.Alowcostsolutiontocreatingonesownpelletsisto
grindhopsintoapowderusingakitchenmeatgrinder,50orideally,ahammermill,and
sendingthemintoasmallscalepelletmillequippedwithadie.Adiewillproduce
the6mm(T90)pelletthatbrewersareaccustomedto.
Smallsizedhammermillscanbepurchasedfor$1,700orless,andsmallscalepellet
millscanbefoundforunder$2,400,seePelletProsunderadditionalpersonsconsulted
formoreinformation.5152
SmallScalePelletProsHammermill. 130lb/hrcapacity
50
ConferencecallwithRogerRainville,UVMExtensionhopresearchfarm,9/17/2010.
http://www.pleasanthillgrain.com/hammer_mill_pulverizer.aspx;
http://www.meadowsmills.com/forsalehm.htm
52
http://www.pelletpros.com/id68.html
51
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page33
SmallScalePelletProsPelletMill.80lb/hrcapacity
Note:Thekeyconcerntorememberwhenpelletizingisthatheatcreatedduringthe
processcandamagethehops.Takecaretoprocessslowlyandstopasoftenasneeded
toallowthemachinestocooldown.Thehopsandhoppelletsshouldnotreacha
temperaturehigherthan112F.Tokeepaneyeonthetemperatureyoucanusean
infraredthermometer,whichcanbefoundatmosthardwarestores,forapproximately
$20.Youcanalsoalleviatehowquicklythepelletsheatupbypouringfewerhopsinata
time.AccordingtoRogerRainville,ifyoukeepthefeedslowyoucankeepthe
temperaturedownandprocessanaverageof10poundseveryfewminutes.53
DoItYourselfChemicalLabAnalysis
Severallaboratoriesofferchemicalanalysisservices,aninexhaustivelistisprovidedin
theappendices.Ataminimum,growerswillneedtohaveananalysisforalphaandbeta
acidscompletedontheirhops.Informationonmoistureandoilcontent,willalsobea
requirementfromsomebrewers.GorstValleyalsodoesaphysicalexamoftheirhops
usingtheguidelinesprovidedbytheAmericanSocietyofBrewingChemistsandthe
USDA.Acopyofthecompletedanalysisshouldaccompanyeachpackageofhopssold.
53
ConferencecallwithRogerRainville,UVMExtensionhopresearchfarm,9/17/2010.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page34
DoItYourselfVacuumSealPackaging
Whileitwillbedifficulttoachieveanitrogenflushonabudget,onecanataminimum
vacuumsealtheirpelletizedandwholedriedhopsathomewithsimpletoolssuchasthe
FoodSaver,homeusefoodgradevacuumsealsystems,thatcostunder$200,54orby
usingvacuumsealSpaceBagsthatarealargersolutionandcouldmeetthebrewers
requestsfor11lband44lbpackages.55
Note:Packagingandequipmentneedstobefoodsafe.
DoItYourselfNitrogen/CO2flushingandVacuumSealing
Foramoreprofessionalandcommercialoperationonecaninvestinafoodgrade
nitrogenflushing,vacuumsealingmachineforlessthan$30,000.Severalmodelsof
smallscalemachinesthatcombineflushingwithnitrogenandvacuumsealingare
availablefromIndia,suchasthetwoshownherebyFujiImpulseAmerica56and
Indvac57.Theprovidersofthemachinescanalsosupplythefoillaminatedpouches
requiredforpackaging.TheFujiImpulseVG602whichcanprovideuptoa600mm
lengthseal,rangesfrom$21,00024,000andasetof200foillaminatedpouchesthat
wouldfit11lb/pouchrun$330/order.ThecompleteproductspecificationsfortheFuji
ImpulseVG402/602seriesarelocatedintheappendices.
FujiImpulseVG402/602SeriesMicro
ComputerControlledNozzletypeVacuum
andGasFlushingImpulseSealer.
Indvacnozzletypeflushingandsealingmachine.
54
http://www.foodsaver.com/Category.aspx?id=c&cid=87
https://www.spacebag.com/10/PriceList.dtm
56
http://fujiimpulseamerica.thomasnet.com/viewitems/impulsesealersvacuumgasflushsealing/
controllednozzletypevacuumgasflushingsealer
57
http://www.indvacindia.com/nozzletypeflushingsealingmachines.htm
55
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page35
DoItYourselfClimateControl
Hops need to be kept between 2632F. This can be achieved through any regular
household freezer, or growers can invest in walkin freezer/cooler storage units.
Growerscanalsoleasespacefromcommercialclimatecontrolledwarehousessuchas
VermontRefrigeratedStorage.58
Conclusions
ThisreporthasdeterminedthatisfeasibletogrowacommercialhopcropinNew
England.Thereissufficientdemand,thereissufficientpriceelasticity,andthereisnow
theinformation,technology,supplies,andequipmentavailabletomeettheneedsofa
110acrecommercialhopyard.
TherearefourwaysthatappearcommerciallyfeasibleforgrowinghopsinNew
England:
Scenario1:
ParticipatinginavaluesharegrowingprogramwithAtlanticHops
Scenario2:
Sellingwholehops,minimallyprocesseddirecttobrewers
Scenario3:
UsingAtlanticHopsforprocessingservicesandsellingpelletized
hopsdirecttobrewers
Scenario4:
Sellingdoityourselfpelletizedhopsdirecttobrewers
Inallinstances,thebestpotentialforreturnoninvestmentandnetincomeexistswhen
thegrowerutilizesmechanicalharvestingandsorting.
58
For contact info see Barney Hodges, Vermont Refrigerated Storage, under additional persons consulted.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page36
IncomePotentialandReturnOnInvestment
Scenario1
Scenario2
Scenario3
Scenario4
AverageYield
1,500driedlbs 1,500driedlbs 1,500driedlbs 1,500driedlbs
PerAcre
AverageNet
$4,640
$5,090
$5,090
$12,910
IncomePer
Acre
AverageReturn 5years
5years
6years
4years
OnInvestment
for1stAcre*
Levelof
IndividualRisk Low
Moderate
Moderate
High
Whilethepotentialtogeneratenetincomeperacreishighestinscenariofour,inwhich
thegrowercreatesthevalueaddedfinishedproductonsite,theultimate
recommendationistoadoptscenarioone,inwhichgrowersparticipateinavalueshare
growingprogramwithAtlanticHops.Thisisbecausescenarioonerepresentstheleast
riskwhilestillpresentingastrongpotentialforfinancialreturn.
1. BestSolution:ParticipateinAtlanticHopsvaluesharegrowingprogram
Benefits:
LeastInfrastructureExpense
UnlimitedaccesstoGorstValleyHopsTechnicalAssistanceandResources
ApplicabletoAllGrowers
Nosecondaryprocessingorsalesandmarketingrequiredofthegrower
LowestRisk
EncouragegrowerstoparticipateintheAtlanticHopsvaluesharegrower
program.TheAtlanticHopsValueShareGrowerprogramwillseektominimize
risktoitsgrowersateverystageinthegrowing,production,andsalesand
marketingprocessbyprovidingthemwithtechnical,logistical,andinfrastructure
support.Farmsinthevalueshareprogramwillbenefitfromwholesalepricing
onhopyardsupplies,complimentarytechnicalassistance,triedandtested
hopyarddesignsandproductiontechniquestheseeffortsasdesignedtoassist
inoptimizingproductionefficiencyandyield.ThenAtlanticHopswilluseits
expertiseandequipmenttoprocessahighqualityfinishedproductthatmeets
theproductspecificationandvolumeneedsofthebrewingcommunity,and
marketandselltheproductatapricethatreturnsafairprofittoitsgrowers.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page37
Hopyard:
Recommendstartingwithoneacreandexpandinguptotenacres.Usea3
varietyplanting,with1/3ofhopyardpervarietytostaggerharvesttimesand
minimizethreattoentirecropfromweather,pestordiseaseissuesthatmay
affectaparticularvariety.
Economicfeasibility:
$10,000
Anticipatedhopyardinfrastructureexpenseperacre:
Anticipatedharvestinginfrastructureexpense:
Oast(Year2):
$5,000for1stacre
$10,000for25acres
$17,500for5+acres
MechanicalPicker(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
MechanicalSorter(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
TotalInfrastructureExpenseforFirstAcre: $25,000
TotalOperatingExpensePerAcre:
$8,860
TotalGrossIncomeat100%Production: $13,500
(assumingreceiving$9/lbforwholedriedhopsfromAtlanticHops)
NetIncomePerAcre:
$4,640
ReturnonInvestmentforFirstAcre:
5years
2. GoodSolution:Sellwholehops,minimallyprocesseddirecttobrewers
Concerns:
LimitedaccesstoGorstValleyHopsknowledgeandresources
Marketdemandcanonlysustainafewgrowers
Growerswillneedoutgoingsalespersonality
Growerswillneedtomaketimeforsalesandmarketing
Lackofsufficientclimatecontrolledstoragespacecouldbeanissue.
Moderaterisk
Encouragegrowerstoinvestinmechanicalharvestingandsorting,useahigh
hoptrellissystem,sendhopstoalabforchemicalanalysisandselldried,whole
hopsdirectlytobrewers.Thissolutiondoespresentasolidpotentialforprofit
andreturnoninvestmentwithminimalsecondaryprocessingrequired.The
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page38
issueswillbepotentialissueswithqualityofthefinishedproduct;limited
demandforawholehopproduct;limitedstoragespaceunlesstheproductis
compacted,orsignificantclimatecontrolledwarehousespacecanbeleased;and
relianceonthegrowersabilitytosecuresalesofhisproduct.
Hopyard:
Recommendstartingwithoneacreandexpandinguptotenacres.Usea3
varietyplanting,with1/3ofhopyardpervarietytostaggerharvesttimesand
minimizethreattoentirecropfromweather,pestordiseaseissuesthatmay
affectaparticularvariety.
Economicfeasibility:
Anticipatedhopyardinfrastructureexpenseperacre:
$12,000
Anticipatedharvestinginfrastructureexpense:
Oast(Year2):
$5,000for1stacre
$10,000for25acres
$17,500for5+acres
MechanicalPicker(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
MechanicalSorter(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
TotalInfrastructureExpenseforFirstAcre: $27,000
TotalOperatingExpensePerAcre:
$9,910
TotalGrossIncomeat100%Production: $15,000
(assumingsellingwholedriedhopsat$10/lb)
NetIncomePerAcre:
$5,090
ReturnonInvestmentforFirstAcre:
5years
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page39
3. GoodSolution:UseAtlanticHopsprocessingservices,sellpelletizedhopsdirect
tobrewers
Concerns:
LimitedaccesstoGorstValleyHopsknowledgeandresources
Individualfarmvolumecouldbealimitationonmarketdemand
Growerswillneedoutgoingsalespersonality
Growerswillneedtomaketimeforsalesandmarketing
Moderaterisk
Encouragegrowerstoadoptmechanicalharvestingandsorting,utilizeahigh
trellishopssystem,andcontractprocessingandpackagingoftheirhopsfrom
AtlanticHops.Retrievethefinishedproductandsellindividualfarmhops
directlytobrewers.Inthissolutiongrowerscantakeadvantageofprocessing
servicestoproducethefinishedproductbrewersarelooking.Thisenablesthe
growertofocushisattentiononhiscorecompetencygrowingtherawproduct,
andengagingothersfortheircorecompetencies.Thishelpsensureeveryones
timeisbestused,andthatrisktoqualityofthefinishedproductisminimized.
Hopyard:
Recommendstartingwithoneacreandexpandinguptotenacres.Usea3
varietyplanting,with1/3ofhopyardpervarietytostaggerharvesttimesand
minimizethreattoentirecropfromweather,pestordiseaseissuesthatmay
affectaparticularvariety.
Economicfeasibility:
Anticipatedhopyardinfrastructureexpenseperacre:
$12,000
Anticipatedharvestinginfrastructureexpense:
Oast(Year2):
$5,000for1stacre
$10,000for25acres
$17,500for5+acres
MechanicalPicker(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
MechanicalSorter(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
Anticipatedprocessinginfrastructureexpense:
2Chestfreezers(Year2):
$2,000
TotalInfrastructureExpenseforFirstAcre: $29,000
TotalOperatingExpensePerAcre:
$17,410
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page40
TotalGrossIncomeat100%Production: $22,500
(assumingsellingpelletizedhopsat$15/lb)
NetIncomePerAcre:
$5,090
ReturnonInvestmentforFirstAcre:
6years
4. RiskySolution:Sellingdoityourselfpelletizedhopsdirecttobrewers
Concerns:
LimitedaccesstoGorstValleyHopsknowledgeandresources
Issueswithprocessingcouldimpactsuccess
Volumeandproductqualitycouldbealimitationonmarketdemand
Growerswillneedoutgoingsalespersonality
Growerswillneedtomaketimeforprocessing,salesandmarketing
Highrisk
Encouragegrowerstoadoptmechanicalharvestingandsorting,utilizeahigh
trellishopssystem,purchaseahammermill,pelletmillandvacuum,nitrogen
flushsealingmachine.Thissolutionrepresentsthegreatestpotentialfor
incomeandreturnoninvestment,andalsothegreatestrisktothegrower.The
growerwillbeonhisownforallaspectsofgrowing,harvesting,producing,and
sellingafinishedproductthatmeetstheproductspecificationsofthebrewing
community,atavolumeandpricepointthatgeneratesapositivereturn.Ifthe
growercanmaintainanaverageyieldof1,500lbsofdriedfinishedproduct,
achievethequalitystandardsofthebrewingindustry,anddevelopthesalesand
marketingskillstomarkettheproduct,thegrowercanstandtogenerateupto
$12,910innetincomeperacre.
Hopyard:
Recommendstartingwithoneacreandexpandinguptotenacres.Usea3
varietyplanting,with1/3ofhopyardpervarietytostaggerharvesttimesand
minimizethreattoentirecropfromweather,pestordiseaseissuesthatmay
affectaparticularvariety.
Economicfeasibility:
Anticipatedhopyardinfrastructureexpenseperacre:
$12,000
Anticipatedharvestinginfrastructureexpense:
Oast(Year2):
$5,000for1stacre
$10,000for25acres
$17,500for5+acres
MechanicalPicker(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page41
MechanicalSorter(Year3)
$5,000forupto3acres
Anticipatedprocessinginfrastructureexpense:
2Chestfreezers(Year2):
$2,000
VacuumNitrogenFlushSealer(Year2):
$24,000
PelletMill(Year2):
$2,400
HammerMill(Year2):
$1,700
TotalInfrastructureExpenseforFirstAcre: $57,100
TotalOperatingExpensePerAcre:
$9,590
TotalGrossIncomeat100%Production: $22,500
(assumingsellingpelletizedhopsat$15/lb)
NetIncomePerAcre:
$12,910
ReturnonInvestmentforFirstAcre:
4years
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page42
NextSteps
Itisevidentthereisstrongdemandforlocalhops,andgoodpotentialfortheabilityto
growhopsprofitablyinNewEngland.Theinfrastructure,whichwasoriginallyakey
barriertomarket,isnowbeingdevelopedtosupportsmallscalecommercialgrowersin
NewEngland.
Ifproducersgothroughtheeffortofinvestingtimeandcapitalintostartinga
commercialhopventure,butlackthesupporttheyneedtodeveloptheirbusinessplan
andgainaccesstonecessarytechnicalexpertise,theeffortmaywellbelost.
FollowingisarecommendationforhowVermontAgencyofAgriculture,Foodand
MarketsandtheMassachusettsDepartmentofAgriculturalResourcescouldensurethat
suchanendeavorisgivenitsbestopportunityforsuccess:
1. AssistAtlanticHopsinestablishingitsoperation.
NewEnglandneedstheprocessingcapabilitiestoproduceaprofessionalproduct
thatwillmeetmarketexpectations.Italsoneedsaccesstotheequipment,and
technicalexpertiseGorstValleyHopshasalreadydevelopedandtestedforits
smallscaleMidWestfarmers.Havingaprocessingfacilitythatiswillingto
processtheproductandpartnerwiththefarmswithamissionofprovidinga
goodproductatafairvaluetobrewersandreturningafair,profitableincometo
theproducersisawinwin.
2. Outreachtoexistinggrowers/farmers
Theagencieswillneedtoreachouttoexistinggrowers.Someofthemany
reasonshopsarecitedasdifficulttogrowarebecausetheyarebeinggrownby
peoplewhodontgrowcropsforaliving.Mostofthebasicissueswithhopsare
thesamebasicissuesyouwillfindwithanyothercrop(theyneedwelldrained
soil,theyneedfertilizer,theyneedpestcontrol,theyneeddedicatedtimingthe
harvestiseverything).Producerswhogrowacresofcorn,vegetables,and
grainsalreadyknowandunderstandthefundamentalelementsofwhatittakes
togrowacropsuccessfully.Existingandexperiencedgrowersandfarmersneed
tobethetargetaudienceifgrowinghopsistodedevelopedasacommercial
enterprise.
3. BusinessPlanning&CoordinationwiththestateFarmViabilityPrograms.
Witheachfarm,giventhisisanewventureandunexploredterritoryforthem,
andalsoanewcropfortheregion,havingthemgothroughthebusiness
planningprocessforimplementingthenewcropandevaluatingitsimpacton
thefarmbusinessandfamilyqualityoflifewillbeessential.Thiswillhelpensure
thateachfarmcanmapoutonpaperhowtheywouldgoaboutimplementing
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page43
thenewcrop,understandwhatitwouldtakeontheirparticularfarm,whatit
wouldcost,andwhatthepotentialreturnwouldbe.Theymustbeableto
understandandevaluatehowitmightimpactotherareasofthefarmand
whetherthenetreturnwouldbebetterthancontinuingwiththeircurrent
productionornot.Itisimportantthatthisstepbedonewhilestillinplanning
mode,soadecisiononwhetherimplementingtheplanisintheirbestinterestor
notismadebeforeanyadditionalresources,time,andefforthavebeen
allocated.
4. ImplementationandBusinessPlanningTechnicalAssistance
Provideongoingsupportforthefarmsfor4yearsafterinitialimplementationto
helpassistwithanalyzing,planning,anddecisionmakingforthenewventure
andtheoverallfarmoperation.Thisincludesbusinessplanreview,analysisand
updating,andtechnicalexpertisespecifictoareasofconcernproduction,
processing,salesandmarketing,etc.Thisthirdparty,objectivesupportwillhelp
ensureconcernsareaddressedproactivelythusprovidingalargerdegreeof
likelihoodofsuccessforeachfarm,andtheirlongtermcommitmenttothe
project.
ActionItems
1. Identify10growersinMA&VTwhowouldbeinterestedinparticipatingin
AtlanticHopsValueShareGrowerProgram
2. Vetfarmsites
a. Conductasitevisittoevaluatethelogisticalfeasibilityofeachfarm.Ata
minimumthesitewillneed3oftopsoilbeforereachingbedrock.
AtlanticHopswillalsoassesseachfarmssiteforadditionalattributes
suchassoilstructure,waterholdingcapacity,andseasonalwindloads.
3. Workwiththegrowerstoexplaintheopportunity,andenrolltheminthe
program.Thiswillrequireacommitmentofestablishingaoneacrehopyardat
anexpenseof$10,000andthepurchaseofapicker,sorter,andoast,foran
additionalexpenseof$15,000overyearstwoandthree.
4. Potentiallyfindingfundingtooffsetcostofcapitalinfrastructureexpenseforthe
firsttengrowers,orfordairyfarmerswishingtoparticipate.
5. BeginFarmViabilitybusinessplanningandAtlanticHopsValueShareGrowing
Programtechnicalassistancewitheachfarm.
6. AtlanticHopswillprovideoversightandguidancewithTechnicalAssistance
duringestablishmentofthehopyard,andgrowingandharvestforfirstfour
years.
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
Page44
7. Maintaincommunicationloopwiththebrewingcommunity.Letthebrewersin
thehighlyqualifiedprospectlist(seebrewersinBoldintheappendices)know
oftheplan,engagethemintheR&Dphase,andleveragetheirinputand
feedbacktodevelopafinishedproductthatwillmeettheirapprovalandbe
readyforsalebyyear3.
8. ProvideongoingFarmViabilitybusinessplanningandtechnicalassistance
services
a. Provideanannualbusinessplanreview,analysisandplanforthe
upcomingyear.Forfirstfouryears
b. ProvideongoingannualTechnicalAssistanceinspecificareasofexpertise
asneededforeachfarm.Forfirstfouryears
Budget
10farms
Year1
PerFarm
#Farms
Total
HopyardInfrastructure
$10,000
10
$100,000
BusinessPlan
$4000
10
$40,000
TechnicalAssistance
inAreasofExpertise
$3000
10
$30,000
TotalBudgetYear1 $170,000
Years24
PerFarm/Year#Farms
Years Total
$15,000
10
$2000
10
3$60,000
$2000
10
Harvest/DryingInfrastructure
AnnualBusinessPlanReview
andAnalysis
AnnualTechnicalAssistance
InAreasofExpertise
TotalBudgetNextThreeYears
CommercialFeasibilityofLocalHops
2010
$150,000
$60,000
$270,000($90,000/year)
AppendixASourcesofInformation
Barth,H.J.,Klinke,C.,Schmidt,C.TheHopAtlas.1994.Nuremberg,Germany.Joh,
Barth&Sohn.
Fayston,J.The2007hopsshortageisover,theglutof'09ishere...TheOregonian.
10/28/2009.
Hilchey,D.TheMarketPotentialforNortheasternGrownHops.NewLeafPublishing
andConsulting,Inc.2009.
Kneen,Rebecca.SmallScaleOrganicHopProduction.LeftFieldsBC.2004.
Neve,R.A.Hops.Champman&Hall.1991.
Page,E.B.HopTrellising&Budgets.7/26/2008.
Page,E.B.,Godin,Ron.HopyardConstruction:BudgetingandEconomics.CSUAgExp.
Station.
Tomlan,M.TingedWithGoldHopCultureInTheunitedStates.UniversityofGeorgia
Press.Georgia.1992
USDAARS.LowerHopTrellisesforHigherProfits.CropManagement.21January2008.
Virant,Majda,Majer,Dusica.HopStorageIndexIndicationofaBrewingQuality.
InstituteofHopResearchandBrewingZalec.January2006.
Ward,L.YakimaHeraldRepublic.Someplasticmeshcouldsavestatehopfarms.New
techniquehaspotentialforthebeermakingcrop.May30,2005.
InternetResources
http://www.brewersassociation.org/
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Craft+Beer+Segment+Continues+to+Set+the+Pace+for+
the+Beer+Category...a0167648025
http://hopsextracts.com
http://hopunion.com
http://www.uvm.edu/~pass/perry/hops.html.
http://fujiimpulseamerica.thomasnet.com/viewitems/impulsesealersvacuumgas
flushsealing/controllednozzletypevacuumgasflushingsealer
http://www.indvacindia.com/nozzletypeflushingsealingmachines.htm
https://www.biplantol.com/produkte.php?content=3
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan08/hops0108.htm
http://www.pleasanthillgrain.com/hammer_mill_pulverizer.aspx;
http://www.meadowsmills.com/forsalehm.htm
http://www.pelletpros.com/id68.html
http://www.foodsaver.com/Category.aspx?id=c&cid=87
https://www.spacebag.com/10/PriceList.dtm
http://blog.foothillhops.com/2009/01/01/foothill_hops_20091114521flv.aspx
http://www.centralvt.com/climate/climate.htm
http://www.lindemanarchives.com/LA%20History.html
http://www.rssweather.com/climate/Vermont/Burlington/
http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=11400620226975507
9477.00048524ed0b04bf595d6&ll=42.366662,
71.235352&spn=2.840979,5.767822&z=7&source=embed
http://www.massbrewersguild.org/craftbeer/index.php/memberbreweries/
http://groups.google.com/group/vermonthops/topics
http://www.indiehops.com/
http://www.freshops.com/
http://www.gorstvalleyhops.com/
http://www.examiner.com/hopsinmadison/hopsgrowingbusiness2007shortage
revisited
http://www.examiner.com/beerinnational/toptenhopvarietiesusedbyamerican
craftbrewers
http://vermontbrewers.com/
http://www.lewbryson.com/nyprogress.htm
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/
http://www.czhops.cz/tc/bibliography/bibliography10.html
http://www.youtube.com/user/cohopsfarmer#p/a
http://www.northeasthopalliance.org/
http://www.wolfheiztechnik.de/en/pkp/unternehmen/historie.html
http://meeting.asbcnet.org/default.cfm
AppendixBListofPersonsConsulted
GrowersandHopExperts
DwayneWheeler
Claremont,NH
(603)5423870
Eugene(Gene)LEtoile
FourStarFarms
496PineMeadowRoad
Northfield,MA
(413)4982968
[email protected]
FrancoisBiron
Conseilleramnagement,innovationetagroenvironnement
Ministredel'Agriculture,desPcheriesetdel'Alimentation
CentredeservicesagricolesdeGatineau
999rueDollard
Gatineau,Qubec,CANADAJ8L3E6
(819)9868544x236
[email protected]
HeatherDarby
UniversityofVermontExtension
AgronomistandNutrientManagementSpecialist
278S.MainSt
St.Albans,VT05478
(802)5246501x206
[email protected]
JamesAltwies
GorstValleyHops
6082283117
[email protected]
JasonPerrault
PerraultFarms,Inc.
11051LateralA
Toppenish,WA98948
(509)8482497
JonathanBlumberg
83SouthStanleyHillRd
Vassalboro,ME04989
(207)9233123
JulienVenne
Centrederechercheetdedveloppementtechnologiqueagricoledel'Outaouais
(CRDTAO)
188,rueJeanneD'Arc,suite200
Papineauville,Qubec,CANADAJ0V1R0
(819)4275511x461
[email protected]
Larry&KateFisher
FoothillHops
[email protected]
(315)4952451
MichaelRoffman
AtlanticHops
POBox1055
Larchmont,NY10538
(914)8345130
[email protected]
PeterHingston
JeffreyCox
CherryHillFarm
409HighlandRoad
Springfield,VT05156
(802)8855088
[email protected]
[email protected]
PuterbaughFarms
HopsDirect,LLC
686GreenValleyRoad
Mabton,WA98935
(888)9723616
http://www.hopsdirect.com/
RickPedersen
PedersenFarms
1798CountyRoad4
SenecaCastle,NY
(315)7810482
[email protected]
RogerRainville
BorderviewFarms&AgResearchFacility
146LineRd.
Alburgh,VT05440
(802)7963292
[email protected]
RosalieMadden
CropsandSoilsTechnician
UVMExtension
278S.MainSt.,Suite2
St.Albans,VT05478
(802)5246501x445
SteveParks
AmericanBrewersGuild
Abgbrew.com
[email protected]
Anthony(Tony)Palmiero
TractorLogging
345EastChurchSt.
EastHardwick,VT05836
(802)4726503
[email protected]
Brewers/BrewPubs/HomebrewSuppliers
MAINE
AllagashBrewing
JasonPerkins,headbrewer
100IndustrialWay
Portland,ME04103
(800)3305385
[email protected]
AndrewsBrewingCompany
AndyandBen,brewers/owners
4975HighSt.
Lincolnville,ME04849
(207)7633305
[email protected]
AtlanticBrewingCompany
Doug,brewer
15KnoxRoad
BarHarbor,ME04609
(207)2889513
[email protected]
BarHarborBrewingCo
8MountDesertStreet
BarHarbor,ME04609
(207)2884592
BelfastBayBrewingCompany
100SearsportAve.
Belfast,ME04915
(207)3384216
www.belfastbaybrewing.com
BlackBearMicroBrewery
TimGallon,owner/brewer
19MillStreet,Suite4
Orono,ME04473
2079492880
[email protected]
Bray'sBrewpub&Eatery
Rob,brewmaster
678RooseveltTrail
Naples,ME040550548
(207)6936806
CascoBay=Shipyard,seeShipyard
FederalJacksBrewpub&Restaurant
8WesternAvenue
Kennebunk,ME04043
(207)967.4322
Gearys
SteveSpear,headbrewer
38EvergreenDrive
Portland,ME04103
(207)8782337
GrittyMcDuffs
AndrewHeyner&Jake,brewers
396ForeStreet
Portland,ME04101
(207)772BREW
InnonPeaksIsland
33IslandAve
PeaksIsland,ME04108
(207)7665100
KennebecRiverBrewery
Jim,headbrewer
ForksResortCenter
TheForks,ME04985
8007657238
LiberalCupPublicHouse&Brewery
115WaterSt.
Hallowell,ME04347
(207)MADBREW
MaineCoastBrewingCompany
102EdenStreet
BarHarbor,ME04609
(207)2884914
PeakOrganicBrewingCo.
JonCadoux,owner/brewer
110MarginalWay#802
Portland,ME04101
(207)5865586
[email protected]
OakPondBrewery
101OakPondRd
Skowhegan,ME04976
(207)4743233
SeaDogBrewingCo.
26FrontStreet
Bangor,ME04401
(207)9478009
SebagoBrewingCompany
Tom,brewer
48SanfordDrive
Gorham,ME04038
(207)8562537
ShipyardBrewingCo
AlanPuglsey,owner
DavidHall,headbrewer
86NewburySt.
Portland,ME04101
(207)7610807
[email protected]
[email protected]
SundayRiverBrewery
StuMason,brewer
1SundayRiverRoad
Bethel,ME04217
(207)8244ALE
Note:callonMondays
MASSACHUSETSS
BostonBeerWorks
TimMorse,CorporateBrewer
61BrooklineAve
Boston,MA02215
(617)8962300
BerkshireBrewingCompanyInc.
GaryA.Bogoff,owner
12RailroadStreet
SouthDeerfield,MA01373
Tel(413)6656600
[email protected]
BlueHillsBrewery
Todd,sales
1020TurnpikeStreet#3B
Canton,MA02021
(781)8212337
[email protected]
TheBostonBeerCompany
JenniferGranville
OneDesignCenter,Suite850
Boston,MA02210
(617)3685000
BrewBank
CambridgeBrewing
WillMeyers,brewmaster
1KendallSquare,Bldg100
Cambridge,MA02139
6174941994
[email protected]
CambridgeCommonsBrewery
Ginger,owner
Cambridge,MA
(978)5516477
CapeAnnBrewing
JeremyGoldberg,brewer
27CommercialStreet
Gloucester,MA01930
(978)2814782
[email protected]
CapeCodBeer
Beth&ToddMarcus,owners/brewers
1336Phinney'sLane
HyannisMA02601
(508)7904200
[email protected];[email protected]
CiscoBrewers
Jay,brewer
P.O.Box2928
NantucketMA02584
(508)325.5929
[email protected]
BYOB(Cody)BrewingCompany
SeanCodyBrewer/Owner
36MainSt.
Amesbury,MA01913
(978)3783424
[email protected]
GardnerAleHouse
DaveRichardson
7ParkerSt.
Gardner,MA01440
(978)6690122
[email protected]
HarpoonBrewery
AlMarzi,V.P.Operations
SeanCornelius,assistantV.P.Operations
306NorthernAve.
Boston,MA02210
(888)HARPOON
[email protected];[email protected]
HaverhillBrewery
JohnCurtis,brewer
100WashingtonStreet
Haverhill,MA018325500
(978)3732337
tapbrewpub.com
MayflowerBrewingCompany
Drew,brewer
12ResnikRd
Plymouth,MA02360
(508)7462674
[email protected]
MercuryBrewingCompany
Dan,brewer
23HaywardSt.
Ipswich,MA01938
(978)3563329
[email protected]
NorthamptonBreweryBarGrille(JohnHarvard'sBrewHouse)
MariaPoulinas,brewer
11BrewsterCourt
Northampton,MA010603801
(508)8752337
[email protected]
OpaOpaSteakhouse&Brewery
Themis,owner
169CollegeHighway
Southampton,MA010739320
(413)5270808
opaopasteakhousebrewery.com
PittsfieldBrewWorks
34DepotStreet
Pittsfield,MA012015130
(413)9973506
pittsfieldbrewworks.com
RockBottomRestaurant&Brewery
ScottBrunelle,brewmaster
115StuartStreet
Boston,MA02116
(617)7422739
rockbottom.com
Note:Besttimetocallis910am.
WachusettBrewingCompany
DaveHoward,Howieheadbrewer
175StateRoadEast
Westminster,MA01473
(978)8749965x30
[email protected]
WatchCityBrewingCompany
JocelynandFrank,owners
AaronMateychuck,brewer
256MoodyStreet
Waltham,MA02453
(781)6474000
watchcitybrew.com
NEWHAMPSHIRE
GraniteCask
6King'sSquareUnitA
Whitefield,NH03598
(603)8372224
[email protected]
MountWashingtonHomeBrewSupply
ADivisionofMerrill'sAgway
678MeadowStreet
Littleton,NH03561
6034448803
[email protected]
PortsmouthBrewery
Tod,brewer
56MarketStreet
Portsmouth,NH03801
6034311115
[email protected]
SmuttynoseBrewingCo
David,ExecutiveBrewer
225HeritageAve
Portsmouth,NH03801
(603)4364026
SevenBarrelBrewery
PlainfieldRoad
ColonialPlaza,Rt12A
WestLebanon,NH03784
(603)2985566
TuckermanBrewingCompany,LLC
KirstenNeves
ManagingMember
POBox1058
64HobbsStreet
Conway,NH03818
(603)4475400
[email protected]
WhiteBirchBrewing
Bill,brewer/owner
1368HooksettRd,Unit6
Hooksett,NH03106
(603)2448593
VERMONT
TheAlchemist
23SouthMainStreet
Waterbury,VT05676
(802)2444120
BobcatCafe&Brewery
MarkMagiera,brewer
5MainStreet
Bristol,VT
(802)4533311
BreweryattheTrappFamilyLodge
AlanVanAnda,brewer
700TrappHillRoad
POBox1428
Stowe,VT05672
8022538511
HillFarmsteadBrewery
ShaunHill,owner/brewer
403AHillRoad
GreensboroBend,VT05842
(802)5337450
JasperMurdock'sAlehouse/NorwichInn
PatrickDakin,brewer
325MainStreet
P.O.Box908
Norwich,VT05055
(802)6491143
Lawson'sFinestLiquids
SeanLawson,owner/brewer
Warren,VT05674
(802)2728436
[email protected]
LongTrail
MattQuinlin,brewmaster
5520USRoute4
BridgewaterCorners,VT050359600
(802)6725011x207
[email protected]
MadisonBrewing
428MainStreet
Bennington,VT05201
(802)4427397
MagicHatBrewingCompany
ToddHaire,brewer
5BartlettBayRoad
SouthBurlingtonVT05403
8028626114x2012
McNeillsPub&Brewery
RayMcNeill,owner/brewer
90ElliotStreet
Brattleboro,VT05403
(802)2542553;[email protected]
NorthshireBrewery
108CountyStreet
Bennington,VT05201
(802)6810201
OtterCreekBrewing
MikeGerhart,brewmaster
793ExchangeStreet
Middlebury,VT05753
(802)3880727
[email protected]
RockArt
ReneeandMattNadeau,owners/brewers
234WilkensStreet
Morrisville,VT05661
(802)8889400
SouthRoyaltonMarket
ScottRussell,homebrewmanager
105ChelseaSt
SouthRoyalton,VT05068
(802)7632400
SwitchbackBrewingCo.
BillCherry,owner/brewer
160FlynnAvenue
Burlington,VT05401
(802)6514114
[email protected]
ThePerfectPear
AdamColter,owner/brewer
48SouthMainStreet
Bradford,VT05033
(802)2225912
[email protected]
TheShedBrewery
JimConroy,brewer
1859MountainRoad
Stowe,VT05672
(802)2534364
ThreeNeedsBrewery
207CollegeStreet
Burlington,VT05401
(802)6580889
TroutRiverBrewery
Dan&LauraGates,owner/brewers
Route5;P.O.Box165
Lyndonville,VT05851
(802)6269396
VermontHomebrewSupply
147E.AllenStreet
Winooski,VT05404
(802)6552070
[email protected]
TheVermontPub&Brewery
144CollegeStreet
Burlington,VT05401
(802)8650500
ZeroGravityCraftBrewery
Destiny,brewer
15St.PaulStreet
Burlington,VT05401
(802)8612999
AdditionalPersonsConsulted
AllenMatthews
CenterforSustainableAgriculture
106HighPointCenterRoom312
UniversityofVermont
Colchester,VT05446
(802)3181041
AtulKantVerma
ManagingPartner
ElegantEngineers,AnISO9001:2008CertifiedCompany
C82,Sector10,Noida201301(U.P.)
INDIA
Tel:911202525503/2444892
Mobile:919810146982
Email:[email protected]
[email protected]
Websitehttp://www.elegantengineers.com
http://www.pouchpacking.com
BarneyHodgesIII
VermontRefrigeratedStorage
1287NorthBinghamSt.
Cornwall,Vermont
[email protected]
www.sunriseorchardsvt.com
(802)9890255
DauenhauerManufacturing,Inc.
111125FifthStreet/POBox1744
SantaRosa,CA95402
(707)5460577
www.dmfg.com
EnidWonacott
ExecutiveDirector
NOFAVT
POBox697
Richmond,VT05401
(802)4343821
[email protected]
HugoGervais
CustomFabrication
[email protected]
IndiaBurnettFarmer
ProgramDirector
RutlandAreaFarmandFoodLink
P.O.Box561
EastPoultney,VT05741
(802)4177331
[email protected]
JunSota
FujiImpulseAmerica
[email protected]
(847)2369190
www.fujiimpulseamerica.com
MacyMullican
ShelburneVineyard
TheVermontFoodProject,refrigeratedwarehouse
(802)7343431
Pellet Pros, Inc.
4004 W. Kimberly Rd.
Suite C
Davenport, IA 52806
(563) 386-4300
[email protected]
SteveJustis
VermontAgencyofAgricultureFood,andMarkets
116StateSt.
Montpelier,VT05620
(802)8283829
AppendixCBrewerQuestionnaireTemplate
Whatisthenameofyourbrewery?
Howmanybarrelsdoyoubrewperyear?
Whatarethetopfivehopsyouuse?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Howmuchofeachdoyouuseperyear?(inlbs)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Howmuchtotalaromahopsdoyouuseperyear?(inlbs)
Howmuchtotalbitteringhopsdoyouuseperyear?(inlbs)
Whichvarietiesofhops(ifnotlistedinthefiveabove)wouldyouliketoseeavailable
morelocally?
Howdoyouprefertousehops(whole,pelletized)?Pleasedescribe
Whataretheproductspecificationsandqualityrequirementswewouldneedtobeable
tomeetforyoutoconsiderbuyingfromalocalsource?Pleasedescribe(iepackaging,
labanalysis,pelletizedvswhole,etc,etc)
Howdoyourhopscomepackagedandshipped?
Areyouundercontractforyourhops?
Ifsowould/couldyouconsiderbuyinglocalhopsandwhendoesyourcontractcomeup
forrenewal?Couldyoubuylocalhopsevenifyouareundercontractandifsoupto
howmuchofyourtotalvolumeofhopusage?
Whatisyourcurrentsourceforhops?Pleaselistsuppliersandstate/country.
Whatareyoucurrentlypayingforyourhops?
Doesthisincludeshipping?
Ifnot,whatdoyoupayforshipping?
Howmuchofyourtotalhopvolumewouldyoubewillingtobuylocallyifitmetyour
qualityrequirementsandproductspecifications?
Wouldyoupreferastablepriceforlocalhopsthatmayormaynotreflectthemarket
ratebutisastablepricethatyouandthegrowercanbothdependon?Orwouldyou
preferthehopscompeteatmarketrate?
Ifyouwouldprefertobeabletorelyonaknownpriceforaknownproduct,whatwould
youseeasafairratethatyouwouldconsistentlybewillingtoagreeto?
Iftheproductweretocompeteatmarketratewhatwouldyousayistheaveragerate
weshouldexpecttocharge(ifthisdiffersfromthefairrateyoulistabove)?
Wouldyoubewillingtopayapremiumforlocalhops?
Ifyes,howmuchwouldyoubewillingtopayabovewhatyouarecurrentlypaying?10%,
20%,50%,100%,etc?
Ifyouwerewillingtopayapremiumforlocalhops,wouldthischangethevolumeof
localhopsyouwouldbuy(ieifyoupaymoreyoumightbuyless?)Isthissoandifso,
howwouldthevolumeoflocalhopsyoupurchasechange?
Whyareyouinterestedinbuyinghopslocally?
Areyouinterestedinorganichops?
Whatisthebestwaytocommunicatewithyou?
Otherthoughts/comments/suggestions?
AppendixDCashFlowScenarios
Scenario1:GrowerparticipatingintheAtlanticHopsValueShareGrowerProgram,
Growing1Acre
Cashflow1:demonstratingcashflowifnoefficienciesinproductionareutilized
Cashflow2:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine
Cashflow3:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmanuallystripsandsorts
Cashflow4:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmechanicallystripsandsorts
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
1
0%
0
0
9
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
9
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
9
1
100%
1500
1500
9
(2)
(9,610)
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
5,400
5,400 $
13,500
12,150 $
12,150
13,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
610
610
23,110
$
$
$
$
610
610
23,110
$
$
$
$
610
610
23,110
$
$
$
$
610
610
23,110
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Sub total Variable Expenses
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor 1 hr/dried lb 1,500hrs @ $10/hr
Sub total Labor
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
Other:
Sub total Other Variable Expenses
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
23,110
(23,110) $
23,110
(17,710) $
23,110
(10,960) $
23,110
(9,610)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
10,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(33,110) $
(55,820) $
(66,780)
(33,110) $
(55,820) $
(66,780) $
(76,390)
$
$
(33,110) $
$
$
(55,820) $
$
$
(66,780) $
(76,390)
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
1
0%
0
0
9
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
9
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
9
1
100%
1500
1500
9
(4)
(3,360)
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
5,400
5,400 $
13,500
12,150 $
12,150
13,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
8,750
13,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
8,750
13,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
8,750
13,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
8,750
13,750
610
610
16,860
$
$
$
$
610
610
16,860
$
$
$
$
610
610
16,860
$
$
$
$
610
610
16,860
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
$
Sub total Variable Expenses $
Labor
$
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
$
Harvest Labor harvesting only top 1/3 of the bine 35 min/lb1,500lbs/acre (875 hrs) @ $10/hr
$
Sub total Labor $
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
$
Other:
$
Sub total Other Variable Expenses $
$
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
Total Fixed Expenses
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
16,860
(16,860) $
16,860
(11,460) $
16,860
(4,710) $
16,860
(3,360)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
10,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(26,860) $
(43,320) $
(48,030)
(26,860) $
(43,320) $
(48,030) $
(51,390)
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
$
$
(26,860) $
$
$
(43,320) $
$
$
(48,030) $
(51,390)
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
1
0%
0
0
9
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
9
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
9
1
100%
1500
1500
9
38
390
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
5,400
5,400 $
13,500
12,150 $
12,150
13,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
610
610
13,110
$
$
$
$
610
610
13,110
$
$
$
$
610
610
13,110
$
$
$
$
610
610
13,110
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
$
Sub total Variable Expenses $
Labor
$
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
$
Harvest Labor harvesting top 1/3 of the bine, stripping and sorting 20 min/lb 1,500lbs/acre (500 hrs) @ $10/hr
$
Sub total Labor $
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
$
Other:
$
Sub total Other Variable Expenses $
$
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
Total Fixed Expenses
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
13,110
(13,110) $
13,110
(7,710) $
13,110
13,110
(960) $
390
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
10,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(23,110) $
(35,820) $
(36,780)
(23,110) $
(35,820) $
(36,780) $
(36,390)
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
$
$
(23,110) $
$
$
(35,820) $
$
$
(36,780) $
(36,390)
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
1
0%
0
0
9
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
9
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
9
1
100%
1500
1500
9
5
4,640
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
5,400
12,150
13,500
5,400
12,150
13,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
610
610
8,860
$
$
$
$
610
610
8,860
$
$
$
$
610
610
8,860
$
$
$
$
610
610
8,860
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
8,860
8,860
8,860
8,860
(3,460) $
3,290
4,640
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Sub total Variable Expenses
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor harvesting only top 1/3 of the bine 3 min/lb- 1 min to pick, 2 min to sort 1,500lbs/acre (75 hrs) @ $10/hr
Sub total Labor
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
Other:
Sub total Other Variable Expenses
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
(8,860) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
10,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
(18,860) $
(27,320) $
(34,030)
(18,860) $
(27,320) $
(34,030) $
(29,390)
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
(18,860) $
$
$
$
$
(27,320) $
$
$
(34,030) $
(29,390)
Scenario2:Growergrowinghopstosellaswholedriedhops
Cashflow1:demonstratingcashflowifnoefficienciesinproductionareutilized
Cashflow2:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine
Cashflow3:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmanuallystripsandsorts
Cashflow4:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmechanicallystripsandsorts
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
1
0%
0
0
15.51
10.00
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
16.11
10.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
16.11
10.00
1
100%
1500
1500
16.11
10.00
(2)
(9,160)
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
6,000
13,500
15,000
6,000
13,500
15,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
760
23,260
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
24,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
24,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
24,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(23,260) $
(18,160) $
(10,660) $
(9,160)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor 1 hr/dried lb 1,500hrs @ $10/hr
$
Sub total Variable Expenses $
$
$
$
Sub total Labor $
23,260
24,160
24,160
24,160
(35,260) $
(58,717) $
(69,674)
(35,260) $
(58,420) $
(69,377) $
(78,834)
297
-
297
-
(35,260) $
$
$
$
$
(58,717) $
$
$
297
-
(69,674) $
(79,131)
1
0%
0
0
12.51
10.00
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
13.11
10.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
13.11
10.00
1
100%
1500
1500
13.11
10.00
(4)
(4,660)
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
6,000
13,500
15,000
6,000
13,500
15,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
760
18,760
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
19,660
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
19,660
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
19,660
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(18,760) $
(13,660) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Sub total Variable Expenses
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor harvesting only top 1/3 of the bine 35 min/lb1,500lbs/acre @ $10/hr
Sub total Labor
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
Chemical Analysis
Processing (pelletizing and packaging)
Climate Controlled Storage- rented climate controlled space
Sales & Marketing
Other:
Sub total Other Variable Expenses
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
18,760
19,660
19,660
(6,160) $
19,660
(4,660)
(30,760) $
(49,717) $
(56,174)
(30,760) $
(49,420) $
(55,877) $
(60,834)
297
-
297
-
(30,760) $
$
$
$
$
(49,717) $
$
$
297
-
(56,174) $
(61,131)
1
0%
0
0
8.84
10.00
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
9.44
10.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
9.44
10.00
1
100%
1500
1500
9.44
10.00
26
840
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
6,000
13,500
15,000
6,000
13,500
15,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
610
150
760
13,260
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
14,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
14,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
14,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
$
Sub total Variable Expenses $
Labor
$
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
$
Harvest Labor harvesting top 1/3 of the bine, stripping and sorting 20 min/lb 1,500lbs/acre (500 hrs) @ $10/hr
$
Sub total Labor $
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
$
Chemical Analysis
$
Processing (pelletizing and packaging)
$
Climate Controlled Storage- rented climate controlled space
$
Sales & Marketing
Other:
$
Sub total Other Variable Expenses $
Total Variable Expenses:
$
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
Total Fixed Expenses
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(13,260) $
13,260
14,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
(25,260) $
(38,717) $
(44,674)
(25,260) $
(38,420) $
(44,377) $
(43,834)
297
-
297
-
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
(25,260) $
(8,160) $
14,160
14,160
(660) $
840
$
$
$
$
(38,717) $
$
$
297
-
(44,674) $
(44,131)
1
0%
0
0
6.01
10.00
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
6.61
10.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
6.61
10.00
1
100%
1500
1500
6.61
10.00
5
5,090
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
6,000
6,000 $
13,500 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
610
150
760
9,010
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
9,910
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
9,910
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
700
100
1,660
9,910
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
9,010
9,910
9,910
9,910
(3,910) $
3,590
5,090
13,500
15,000
15,000
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
$
Sub total Variable Expenses $
Labor
$
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
$
Harvest Labor harvesting only top 1/3 of the bine 3 min/lb- 1 min to pick, 2 min to sort 1,500lbs/acre (75 hrs) @ $10/hr
$
Sub total Labor $
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
$
Chemical Analysis
$
Processing (pelletizing and packaging)
$
Climate Controlled Storage- rented climate controlled space
$
Sales & Marketing
Other:
$
Sub total Other Variable Expenses $
Total Variable Expenses:
$
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
(9,010) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
(21,010) $
(30,217) $
(36,924)
(21,010) $
(29,920) $
(36,627) $
(31,834)
297
-
297
-
$
$
5,000 $
$
5,000 $
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
$
$
(21,010) $
$
$
(30,217) $
$
$
297
-
(36,924) $
(32,131)
Scenario3:GrowersendinghopstoAtlanticHopsforprocessing
Cashflow1:demonstratingcashflowifnoefficienciesinproductionareutilized
Cashflow2:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine
Cashflow3:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmanuallystripsandsorts
Cashflow4:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmechanicallystripsandsorts
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
Average price per dried pound needed to break even
Projected Sale Price
1
0%
0
0
15.00
15.00
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
17.81
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
20.56
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
21.11
15.00
(2)
(9,160)
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
20,250
22,500
9,000
20,250
22,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
$
$
$
610
150
3,300
$
$
$
610
150
7,425
$
$
$
610
150
8,250
$
$
$
22,500
$
$
$
$
$
50
100
4,210
26,710
$
$
$
$
$
50
100
8,335
30,835
$
$
$
$
$
50
100
9,160
31,660
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(22,500) $
(17,710) $
(10,585) $
(9,160)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,000
5,000
7,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(34,500) $
(59,210) $
(69,795)
(34,500) $
(59,210) $
(69,795) $
(78,955)
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor 1 hr/dried lb 1,500hrs @ $10/hr
$
Sub total Variable Expenses $
$
$
$
Sub total Labor $
$
$
$
22,500
26,710
30,835
31,660
- Income Taxes
Less Family Living
- Capital Reserve
(34,500) $
(59,210) $
(69,795) $
(78,955)
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
1
0%
0
0
12.51
15.00
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
14.81
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
17.56
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
18.11
15.00
(4)
(4,660)
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
20,250
22,500
9,000
20,250
22,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
$
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
760
18,760
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
3,300
50
100
4,210
22,210
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
7,425
50
100
8,335
26,335
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
8,250
50
100
9,160
27,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(18,760) $
(13,210) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,000
5,000
7,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(30,760) $
(52,109) $
(60,693)
(30,760) $
(50,970) $
(58,194) $
(65,353)
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Sub total Variable Expenses
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor harvesting only top 1/3 of the bine 35 min/lb1,500lbs/acre @ $10/hr
Sub total Labor
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
Chemical Analysis
Processing (pelletizing)
Packaging
Climate Controlled Storage
Sales & Marketing
Other:
Sub total Other Variable Expenses
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
18,760
22,210
26,335
(6,085) $
27,160
(4,660)
$
$
$
$
(30,760) $
1,139
-
$
$
(52,109) $
2,500
-
$
$
(60,693) $
2,772
-
(68,125)
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
1
0%
0
0
8.84
15.00
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
11.14
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
13.89
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
14.44
15.00
29
840
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
20,250
22,500
9,000
20,250
22,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
760
13,260
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
3,300
50
100
4,210
16,710
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
7,425
50
100
8,335
20,835
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
8,250
50
100
9,160
21,660
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(13,260) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,000
5,000
7,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
(25,260) $
(41,109) $
(49,193)
(25,260) $
(39,970) $
(46,694) $
(48,353)
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Sub total Variable Expenses
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor harvesting top 1/3 of the bine, stripping and sorting 20 min/lb 1,500lbs/acre (500 hrs) @ $10/hr
Sub total Labor
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
Chemical Analysis
Processing (pelletizing)
Packaging
Climate Controlled Storage
Sales & Marketing
Other:
Sub total Other Variable Expenses
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
13,260
16,710
(7,710) $
20,835
21,660
(585) $
840
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
$
$
(25,260) $
1,139
-
$
$
(41,109) $
2,500
-
$
$
(49,193) $
2,772
-
(51,125)
1
0%
0
0
6.01
15.00
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
8.31
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
11.06
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
11.61
15.00
6
5,090
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
9,000 $
20,250 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
760
9,010
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
3,300
50
100
4,210
12,460
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
7,425
50
100
8,335
16,585
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
8,250
50
100
9,160
17,410
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
9,010
20,250
22,500
22,500
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Sub total Variable Expenses
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor harvesting only top 1/3 of the bine 3 min/lb- 1 min to pick, 2 min to sort 1,500lbs/acre (75 hrs) @ $10/hr
Sub total Labor
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
Chemical Analysis
Processing (pelletizing)
Packaging
Climate Controlled Storage
Sales & Marketing
Other:
Sub total Other Variable Expenses
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
(9,010) $
12,460
16,585
17,410
(3,460) $
3,665
5,090
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,000 $
$
$
5,000 $
$
7,000 $
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
(21,010) $
(32,609) $
(41,443)
(21,010) $
(31,470) $
(38,944) $
(36,353)
1,139
-
2,500
-
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
$
$
(21,010) $
$
$
(32,609) $
$
$
2,772
-
(41,443) $
(39,125)
Scenario4:Growersellspelletizedhopsdirecttobrewer,usingDoItYourself
pelletizing
Cashflow1:demonstratingcashflowifnoefficienciesinproductionareutilized
Cashflow2:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine
Cashflow3:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmanuallystripsandsorts
Cashflow4:demonstratingcashflowifgrowerharvestsonlytop1/3ofthebine,
andmechanicallystripsandsorts
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
1
0%
0
0
15.51
15.00
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
15.89
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
15.89
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
15.89
15.00
(35.15)
(1,340)
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
9,000 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
20,250 $
20,250
22,500
22,500
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor 1 hr/dried lb 1,500hrs @ $10/hr
$
Sub total Variable Expenses $
$
$
$
Sub total Labor $
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
15,000 $
20,000 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
15,000 $
20,000 $
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
15,000 $
20,000 $
2,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
23,840
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
23,840
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
23,840
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
760
23,260
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(23,260) $
(14,840) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,000
24,000
2,400
1,700
5,000
35,100
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
23,260
23,840
23,840
(3,590) $
23,840
(1,340)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000 $
12,000 $
(35,260) $
(85,391) $
(89,173)
(35,260) $
(85,200) $
(88,981) $
(90,513)
191
-
191
-
$
$
(35,260) $
$
$
(85,391) $
$
$
191
-
(89,173) $
(90,704)
1
0%
0
0
12.51
15.00
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
12.89
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
12.89
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
12.89
15.00
14.91
3,160
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
9,000 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
20,250 $
20,250
22,500
22,500
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
10,500 $
15,500 $
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
10,500 $
15,500 $
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
10,500 $
15,500 $
2,500
5,000
10,500
15,500
760
18,760
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
19,340
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
19,340
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
19,340
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
18,760
19,340
19,340
19,340
(18,760) $
(10,340) $
910
3,160
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,000
24,000
2,400
1,700
5,000
35,100
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000 $
12,000 $
(30,760) $
(76,391) $
(75,673)
(30,760) $
(76,200) $
(75,481) $
(72,513)
191
-
191
-
$
$
(30,760) $
$
$
(76,391) $
$
$
191
-
(75,673) $
(72,704)
1
0%
0
0
8.84
15.00
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
9.23
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
9.23
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
9.23
15.00
5.44
8,660
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
9,000 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
20,250 $
20,250
22,500
22,500
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
5,000 $
10,000 $
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(13,260) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
5,000 $
10,000 $
$
2,500 $
$
5,000 $
5,000 $
10,000 $
2,500
5,000
5,000
10,000
760
13,260
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
13,840
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
13,840
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
13,840
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
13,260
13,840
13,840
13,840
(4,840) $
6,410
8,660
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,000
24,000
2,400
1,700
5,000
35,100
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000 $
12,000 $
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
(25,260) $
(65,391) $
(59,173)
(25,260) $
(65,200) $
(58,981) $
(50,513)
191
-
191
-
$
$
(25,260) $
$
$
(65,391) $
$
$
191
-
(59,173) $
(50,704)
1
0%
0
0
6.01
15.00
Projection
Year 2
Year 1
Number of acres
Production Level
Quantity of dried hops sold (lbs/year)
Pounds of dried hops per acre per year
Projection
Year 3
1
40%
600
600
6.39
15.00
Projection
Year 4
1
90%
1350
1350
6.39
15.00
1
100%
1500
1500
6.39
15.00
4
12,910
Cash Receipts
Hops Sold
9,000
9,000 $
20,250 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,500
5,000
750
5,750
$
$
$
610
150
-
$
$
$
760
9,010
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
9,590
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
9,590
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
610
150
100
330
50
100
1,340
9,590
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
9,010
9,590
9,590
9,590
(590) $
10,660
12,910
20,250
22,500
22,500
Cash Expenses
Variable Expenses:
Chemicals
Conservation expense
Custom hire
Trellising supplies- twine, w clips, etc.
Fertilizer
Fuel and oil
Labor hired (incl. FICA, workers comp, etc.)
Repairs, maintenance
Electricity for drying
Supplies
Sub total Variable Expenses
Labor
Spring/Summer Labor 500 hrs/acre @ $10/hr
Harvest Labor harvesting only top 1/3 of the bine 3 min/lb- 1 min to pick, 2 min to sort 1,500lbs/acre (75 hrs) @ $10/hr
Sub total Labor
Other Variable Expenses
Freight/Shipping estimating 2,000lbs NMFC classification 100
Chemical Analysis
Processing (pelletizing)
Packaging
Climate Controlled Storage
Sales & Marketing
Other:
Sub total Other Variable Expenses
Total Variable Expenses:
Fixed Expenses:
Auto & truck
Interest, farm share
Insurance, farm share
Property tax, farm share
Rents paidland, buildings
Rents paidequipment, livestock
Utilities, farm share
Other:
Other:
Other:
Other:
(9,010) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
5,000
5,000
10,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,000 $
12,000 $
2,000 $
24,000 $
2,400 $
1,700 $
$
$
5,000 $
$
35,100 $
NET AFTER CAPITAL RESERVE, FAMILY LIVING AND INCOME TAX ALLOCATION
(21,010) $
(56,891) $
(56,423)
(21,010) $
(56,700) $
(56,231) $
(43,513)
191
-
191
-
$
$
(21,010) $
$
$
(56,891) $
$
$
191
-
(56,423) $
(43,704)
AppendixESampleHopyardDesigns
1. HopyardDesignfromCranngAles,LeftFields
CrannogAlesHopsUpdate,2007
RebeccaKneen
Hopyardsize:1acre,209'/side
Plants
Poles
Beds
spacing
(foot)
per
bedor
row(#)
Total
ea
Cable
main
3.5
25
15
25
Cable
seconda
ry
3.5
60
900
81
3,762
12,540
Obviously,considerablevariationcanbeexpectedwithcleveruseofscrounged
materialsorfoundmaterials.
AnnualActivities
Crowningordiggingrhizomes
Irrigationmaintenance
Topdressingwithcompost
Mulchingplants
Stringingplants
Covercrop/greenmanuremaintenance
Inspections/cleanupandIPM
Harvest&packaging
Alloftheseactivitiestakepersonhoursandmachineryofsomedescription,whether
it'syourpocketknifeormorecomplextools.Themajoractivitiestakeplaceinearly
spring,assoonasthegroundisopen,andinthefallatharvest.Wefindthatittakes
25persondaystodigrhizomesover1/2acrebutifyouareonlyrootpruning
ratherthandiggingrhizomes,thistimewouldbecutbyatleasthalfifnot3/4.
Stringingtimedependsontheefficiencyofyoursystem.Byfarthemostcost
effectivemethodonlargerholdingsistouseacherrypickerorsomesuchdeviceto
rundowntherows,tyingstringstothetrellisingateachplant,followedbyaground
personanchoringthestringsandtwiningthevines.Summerworkisrelativelylight,
dependingonyourweedcontrolmethodologyandIntegratedPestManagement
(IPM)use.Harvestandpackaging
varywidely,withconsiderationsincludinguseofmachinerytoharvestandtopull
plantsdown,speedofhandpickersanddryerefficiency.
Itshouldbeclearfromthisthatthereisconsiderablepotentialinorganichops
production.Westronglyrecommendsmallscaleproductionforthenewgrowerand
directliaisonwithyourbrewerycustomers.Capitalcostscanbeamortizedoverthe
lifetimeoftheyard,withpolesbeingreplacedasneededduringthattime.Agroup
ofsmallhopgrowerscanalsotakeadvantageofgroupdryersandvacuumsealers,
aswellascreatingatrainedandmobileworkforce.
2. HopyardDesignfromHopyardConstruction:BudgetingandEconomics
EdwardB.Page,Ph.D.CSUExtension
RonGodin,Ph.D.CSUAgExp.Station
Hopyard
18to20high
Plantspacing7x7
Population:889
21posts
2to3inground
Variousspacings
14x42
15x30
30x30
Equilateraltriangleatendposts
15base
Polesconnectedwithinrowsonly
Toptrainingwireisfreefloating
Highlaborinput
Highproduction
Methodology
SteelAnchorEmbeddedinConcrete
Newaugertypeanchors(notforsandysoils)
WireClampforAnchorWire
ClampingCable
Cornerendwithtripleanchors
HopGrowthonHighTrellis
Coirtwineistiedtoclipplacedinsoilnexttohill
Twineistiedtotopwire
Trainedhopvinewindsitswaytotop
Harvesting:cutstopandbottomandremoveforpicking&processing
3. HopyardDesignfromUVMExtension
RosalieMadden,HeatherDarby,RogerRainville
PerAcre(60x660)
1320bines
3360Rowsspaced20apart,1rowevery10oneithersideofapole.
Thenwithintherow,2rhizomesperhill,maintainatleastatleast3.5
betweenhills,andatleast7(15isbetter)betweenvarieties,40
rhizomesperrowx33rows.
TypicalspacinginthePacificNWisbetween4250sqftperplant,witha
spacingofeither3.5x14,or7x7,forapproximately900bines/ac.1
1102024poles
1poleevery20ft
45plantsperpole
Notethatgeneralpolespacingrecommendationsare30x30,or30x15,
or14x42.UVMspacedtheirsat20x35becauseitmadeiteasierto
delineatebetweenvarietiesandrepetitionsfortrialingpurposes.2
110postprotectionplatesmetalplatestoprotectthepoles
Maincabletobestrungbetweenpoles2,178of3/8steelcable(~3rowsof
660)
Anchor,clampsandwireholdingpoles(2anchorsand40cableperpole)
Wireevery10betweenthethreerows(3,960)
Hopstringertrailerorsomemechanismsuchasaforklift,bucketloader,back
ofpickuptruck,orladders,togetpeoplehighenoughoffthegroundtostring
thewireandthecoirtwine.
1
2
InformationprovidedbyRosalieMadden,UVMExtension,July2010.
InformationprovidedbyRosalieMadden,UVMExtension,July2010.
4. HighDensityHopyardDesignfromGorstValley
JamesAltwies
PerAcre
TrellisMaterials
Structure
Qty
Units
EndPoles 22
each
LinePoles 66
each
Deadmen 26
each
Supplies
Qty
Units
Droplines 1283
Clover 20
Rhizomes 1283
Hardware
Qty
Turnbuckles 22
eyebolts 132
3/16GAC 4235
1/4GAC 484
3/16clips 44
1/4clips 88
3/16thimb 22
1/4thimb 44
lowline 4235
IrrigationMaterials
IrrigationTube
Dripline
Valves
Mainline
Branchline
Tees
1.25"x1.25"x1.25
"
1.25"x0.5"x1.25"
Couplers
0.5"x0.5"
EndCaps
0.5"
HoseClamps
0.5"1.0"
Distrb.&Control
Pump
Filter
Controller
Sensors
Shutoffvalve
Checkvalve
5strandwire
Valvebox
each
lbs
each
Units
each
each
lin.Ft
lin.Ft
each
each
each
each
lin.Ft
Qty
4235
2
200
500
Qty
1
11
Qty
10
Qty
11
Qty
20
Qty
1
1
1
1
1
1
250
2
Units
lin.Ft
each
lin.Ft
lin.Ft
Units
each
each
Units
each
Units
each
Units
each
Units
each
each
each
each
each
each
lin.Ft
each
AppendixFHopyardEstablishmentCostsPerAcre
Samplebudgetsfrom:
CrannogAles
EdwardB.PageandGlennFuller,ColoradoExtension
UniversityofVermontExtension
GorstValleyHopsValueShareGrowerProgram
HighDensityGorstValleyHopyardStandardTrellisEstablishmentCostperAcre
HopyardStandardTrellisEstablishmentCostperAcre
DataCourtesyofJamesAltwies
DataCourtesyofGlenFuller(Colorado)
Rhizomes(4x12)
Misc.Hardware&Supplies
Trellis Materials
Structure
Qty
Units
End Poles
22
each
Line Poles
66
each
Deadmen
26
each
Poles(21untreated,lodgepolepine)
2,942
Supplies
Droplines
Clover
Rhizomes
1283
each
20
lbs
1283
each
444
Hardware
Turnbuckles
22
each
eyebolts
132
each
3/16 GAC
4235
lin. Ft
1/4 GAC
484
lin. Ft
3/16 clips
44
each
1/4 clips
88
each
3/16 thimb
1/4 thimb
lowline
22
each
lin. Ft
1,394
Irrigation Tube
Dripline
4235
lin. Ft
Valves
each
Main line
200
lin. Ft
Branch line
500
lin. Ft
tees 1.25"x1.25"x1.25"
each
tees 1.25"x0.5"x1.25"
11
each
Couplers 0.5"x0.5"
10
each
11
each
20
each
Pump
each
Filter
each
Controller
each
Sensors
each
Shut-off valve
Check valve
each
5 strand wire
250
lin. Ft
each
DataCourtesyRosalieMadden,RogerRainville
Pots(6square)
5000
0.46 $2,300
$600
Misc.Hardware&Supplies
BobCat&Auger(holesforpoles)
$550
Poles(21untreated,lodgepolepine)
7StrandWire(carriesfloatingwires)
$800
D5DozerWork
#9Wire(floatingtopwire)
$250
BobCat&Auger(holesforpoles)
$2,150
HopTwine(coir:coconuthuskfiber)
$140
7StrandWire(carrieshopwires)
$3,146
#9Wire(floatingtopwire)
$997
$556
48
8.33 $400
22ftlocustpoles
22ftcedarpoles
$5,026
210
20.38 $4,280
$2,400
DripIrrigationMaterials
$1,500
HopTwine(coir:coconuthuskfiber)
30hrs.Tilling
$300
48GroundAnchors
40hrs.PoleSetting
Gallows(forworkontopwires)
$400
$140
DripIrrigationMaterials
30hrs.Tilling
$5,980
$1,200
Labor
TotalEstablishmentCost
EstablishmentCostNotIncludingLaborper
Acre
$3,750
$12,420
$8,670
40hrs.PoleSetting
Gallows(forworkontopwires)
Labor
$1,600
$556
$15,000
TotalEstablishmentCost
EstablishmentCostperAcre
EstablishmentCostNotIncludingLaborperAcre
$52,561
$13,140
$9,390
188
8.4 $1,580
Each
Sum
Poles
30
42 $1,260
53
25 $1,325
SubtotalPoles
5/16"x5000ft
$1,733
5/16"x1000ft
$347
$107
5/16"x250ft
3/8"x500ft
$280
3/4"x12eye/hookturnbuckle
34
15.92 $721
cablecutters
5/16"x10pcsforgedw/rclips
1
200
$66
0.64 $171
3/8"x10pcsforgedw/rclips
3/8"x10pcsforgedw/rclips
5x46anchor
50
50
40
0.94 $63
0.94 $25
9 $360
Earthaugeranchor,5"x46"
Screws
2HavenGripscablepullers
40
5 $267
$159
$166
Supplies
10yardsstone
LeftFieldsHopyardStandardTrellisEstablishmentCostperAcre
RebeccaKneen
Qty
$/Unit
$Total
Cranng Ales, Left Fields
Poles
81
25
2,025
CablingPrimary
CableSecondary
String2/plant
Anchors,cable
Rhizomesfreshhops/hopsunionbulkprice
3762
12540
1800
26
0.4
0.26
0.02
9
1,505
3,260
36
234
Cableclamps
passthroughs(loops)
Cableeyes
KleinHavenGrip
194
63
26
1
0.29
1.5
0.32
160
56
95
8
160
Rhizomes
Total
900
3.5
3150
10,529
1,274
2,053
150 hrs
1,500
50 hrs
500
10,107
8,107
2,585
Wire
DripIrrigationSuppliesandInstallation
SubtotalSupplies
Labor
Digtestholes
1,778rhyzomes
2/hill
4,465
$460
3 $5,334
$
$ 5,794
$30
Installpoles,digging,stone,2tractors&loader
Installpoles,labor
setpoles,labor
tractoranddumpwagon
18
25
5
9.5
10
10
10
10
$180
$250
$50
$95
labor
tractorandaugertosetanchors
labortosetanchors
tractorandlift
till
Plantrhyzomes
tractorandloadertosetpoles
Tractorandaugertosetanchors
65
4
2
32
4
16
13
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
$650
$40
$20
$320
$40
$160
$130
$30
SubtotalLabor
EstablishmentCostperAcre
EstablishmentCostNotIncludingLaborperAcre
1.21 $5,040
$750
each
Plants
Machine Hours
20.57 $1,070
4160
SubtotalWire
Labor
52
UVMExtensionHopyardstandardizedto1acre
ByEdwardB.Page,DataCourtesyofGlenFuller
Rhizomes
PottingSoil
each
44
4235
Irrigation Materials
Valve box
1.21 $1,260
$1,260
D5DozerWork
48GroundAnchors
StandardTrellisEstablishmenton4Acres
1040
EquipmentRent
transportdigger
rentrototiller
rentalforpoledigger
SubtotalEquipmentRent
TotalHopYardCostPerAcre
TotalHopYardCostPerAcreNotIncludingLabor
TotalHopYardCostPerAcreEstimating$20/poleandNotIncludingLabor
1,995
$150
$88
$339
$
577
$15,416
$13,421
$12,496
AppendixGLaboratoryAnalysisServiceProviders
BrewingandDistillingAnalyticalServices,LLC(BDAS,LLC)
128ShadyLane
Lexington,KY40503
Tel:8592782533
http://www.alcbevtesting.com/
BDASpartnerswithTomShelhammeratOregonStateUniversitytoofferthefollowing
analyses
Oils(CohumuloneandHumulone)
HPLChighperformanceliquidchromatographytest $100/sample
AlphaandBetaAcids
tolueneextractiontest
$50/sample
ReducedAlphaAcidsforlightstruckprevention
Lightstruckpreventiontest
$100/sample
(forclearbottledbeer,tostudyhopsthatmightreacttolight)Coronaclear
bottleshaveaskunkysmellbutMillerclearbottlesdonotandthisisbecause
Millerspeciallyselectshopsbredtobelightstruckreduced
BrewLaboratory
J.Frizzell
18223CrestviewCircle
Holt,MO64048
[email protected]
BrewLaboratoryisofferingaHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographic(HPLC)analysis
ofyourwholeleaforpellethopsfor:
AlphaAcid%(cohumuloneandadhumulone+humulone)
BetaAcid%(colupuloneandadlupulone+lupulone)
Cohumulone%(%cohumulonecontributesofthetotalAlphaAcid%)
Wewillanalyzeyourhopsfor$24.00persample.
SiebelInstituteofTechnology
LaboratoryServices
HeadOffice:1777NClybournAvenueChicago,IL60614
Phone:3122550705Fax:3122551312
EMail:laboratory@siebelinstitutecom
Web:wwwsiebelinstitutecom
Sampledeliveryonly:
SiebelLaboratories
7564TradeStreet
SanDiego,CA92121,USA
(888)5932785
HOPANALYSES
Options
#3000Moisture(Internationalmethod)
#3010Alphaacids(spectrophotometric)
#3020Alphaacids(conductometric)
#3030Alphaandbetaacids(HPLC)
#3060HopOilProfile(GC)
#3070HopTeaFlavorEvaluation
#3080Humulene2ol
#3090Iso,tetra,dihydro,hexahumulones
#3100Nitrate(HPLC)
#3110TotalEssentialOils
#3120VarietyProfile(truenesstotype)
Allindividualanalysis/otheranalysis
Price$
22
55
65
131
158
89
110
POR
POR
23
POR
POR
Quantity
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
200gpellets
AppendixHExpiredHopHarvesterPatents
HighTrellisPatents
MobilePatents
LowTrellisPatent
AppendixIFujiImpulseNitrogenFlushVacuumSealerProductInformation
Microcomputer-controlled
Nozzle-type vacuum / gas flushing sealer
VG
- 602
- 402
series
Operating Instructions
110/220V Specification
So there are many things that the customer should understand at the beginning of use.
This manual has explanation of terms and reference function like a dictionary.
Please utilize the manual, and understand the following matters.
Kind of packing
material
HDPE
HPLDPE
LLDPE
PP
Temperature of
dissolution (OF)
266-275
221-248
248-266
320
Kind of packing
material
HDPE
HPLDPE
LLDPE
PP
Temperature of
dissolution (OC)
130-135
105-120
120-130
160
Foreword
Please read all of the safety and operating instructions before operating this machine. Periodic maintenance
and proper operation are necessary to ensure safety when using this impulse sealer.
Keep this manual on hand when operating the sealer.
Set the heating time according to the material and thickness of the film.
As a result of research to further improve, some details in the operating instructions may differ from your
actual machine. For operating problems or product information, please contact your local dealer or Fuji
Impulse.
Caution
Warning
Danger
TIPS
Great Tips and References when using the unit - Highly recommend reading through the information.
Attention
SI units
The International System of
Units (SI) is a consistent
system that ordinary people as
well as professionals can use.
Torr
mmHg
760
700
100
0
-0.01-10
-0.02-20
600
200
500
300
400
400
-0.03-30
-0.04-40
-0.05-50
-0.06-60
300
500
200
600
100
700
0
MPakPa
760
-0.07-70
-0.08-80
-0.09-90
-0.1-100
100V
15A
Warning
200V
20A
100V
20A
200V
30A
100V
20A30A
Table of Contents
1 Package contents................................................................................................. 7
2 Warning-Caution label location and content...................................................... 8
3 Operating precautions....................................................................................... 10
3-1 For safety operating............................................................................................................................. 10
3-2 For smooth operation........................................................................................................................... 13
3-3 Other safeguards................................................................................................................................. 13
4 Outline of structure............................................................................................ 14
5 Purpose usage of the sealer.............................................................................. 14
6 Major parts and function................................................................................... 15
7 Preparation.......................................................................................................... 16
7-1 Securing the work place....................................................................................................................... 16
7-2 Connect the power source .................................................................................................................. 16
7-3 Installing the foot switch....................................................................................................................... 17
7-4 Adjusting the height and angle of the table.......................................................................................... 17
7-5 Check the dry filter............................................................................................................................... 18
7-6 Cleaning by the weeping valve............................................................................................................. 18
7-7 Taking water by the drain hose............................................................................................................. 18
7-8 Adjusting the nozzle position................................................................................................................ 18
7-9 Adjusting the angle of sealing area...................................................................................................... 19
7-10 Emergency stop switch...................................................................................................................... 20
7-11 Attaching the gas tank and gas adjuster............................................................................................ 20
8-2 Entry..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Entry for sealing only.......................................................................................................................................31
Entry for 1 time vacuum and gas flushing by timer..........................................................................................32
10 Specification..................................................................................................... 94
10-1 Safety mechanism specifications....................................................................................................... 94
10-2 Safety mechanism specifications....................................................................................................... 94
10-3 Appearance dimensions drawing....................................................................................................... 95
10-4 Combination of vacuum pump and air compressor............................................................................ 96
10-5 Specifications by the combination of vacuum pump and air compressor........................................... 97
11 Specifications of accessories......................................................................... 98
11-1 Air parts.............................................................................................................................................. 98
11-2 Electric parts...................................................................................................................................... 98
1 Package contents
Please check the following after opening the package:
Is the machine model the same as you have ordered?
Has any damage occurred during shipment? Are there any screws loose or any foreign objects mixed in machine?
Please to make sure that all of the accessories described below are included.
2 Foot switch-----------1
1 Machines body-----------1
for operation
3 Table-----------1
4 Accessories set
Hexagonal wrench (2.5 mm)
-----1
Phillips screwdriver
-----1
Filter element
-----2
Power outlet-----1
type
VG-602/402
VG-602/402-10D
5mm heater
10mm heater
5pcs.
5pcs.
10pcs.
110V
Low pressure gas hose (3meters)
-----1
Hose band(dia.14)
-----1
220V
Hose band(dia.12)
-----1
Only for
CH,CD,CE,CG
model
If the items in package are not same with above list, please contract to our company or your local dealer.
Before using , to verify that the circuit breaker is in the "OFF" position. If not so, turn it to the "OFF"
before plug in.
Inside construction
WARNING
CAUTION
pinching
Frame cover
CAUTION
pinching
CAUTION
jamming
CAUTION
hot
If Warning - Caution labels peel off or are lost, please purchase the proper labels and place
them in the appropriate location.
WARNING
electric shock
CAUTION
hot
CAUTION
pinching
Except
CH,CD,CE,CG
model
Caution
If Warning - Caution labels peel off or are lost, please purchase the proper labels and place
them in the appropriate location.
3 Operating precautions
3-1 For safety operating
Warning
that results in the heating element overheating. Should smoke or fire appear
from the teflon, immediately turn OFF the power or unplug the power cord
from the outlet.
Warning
110V
specification
Warning
Do not splash water on the machine or use machine for packaging liquids.
There is a danger of electrocution or malfunction of the machine.
Warning
Warning
110V
specification
220V
specification
10
Warning
Warning
Trying to use the sealer when the circuit breaker automatically turns to the
OFF position may cause electrocution. Do not operate the machine until
the cause of the shut down is ascertained and the problem has been
addressed.
Caution
To operating the machine in a place with high humidity or water vapor, The
machinery parts will become rusty; Electric insulation reduces.
Electrocution and malfunction may occur.
To operate the machine for powder packaging or use it in a dusty location,
The powder and dusty may flow inside the sealer body, Electric insulation
reduces. Electrocution and malfunction may occur.
11
Caution
Caution
12
film is heated, the film must be cooled with the frame and pressure lever in
the closed position. If cooling temperature is extremely lower, the working
efficiency will come down. So please set the appropriate cooling
temperature according with the film.
turned on.
It is programmed so that the heating element is heated only during the
heating cycle, after a sensor switch and micro processor have been
activated. (Please note, however, the sealing section may become hot after
prolonged operation.)
13
4 Outline of structure
VG-602/402 series is an impulse sealer with sponges
located on the sealing section to secure the nozzle prior
to air removal. The air in a pouch is exhausted by built-
1
Bag
Sponges
Sealing section
Table
Nozzle forward
Vacuum
Vacuum
Gas flushing
Gas
Sealing
Press
Nozzle backward
Finish
Pressure lever raise up
Nozzle forward
2 Film thickness limits for VG-602/402 series are described below. The machine can't seal films that are
thicker than that indicated.
The machine may malfunction if you try to exceed the limits of the machine.
Heating type
14
5mm
10mm
10mm
Single layer film with thickness of 0.3 mm, or less or thin laminated film
Frame cover
Air filter
Table
Foot switch
6
3
10
11
12
13
1. POWER BUTTON
9. VACUUM GAUGE
2. ENT BUTTON
3. MENU BUTTON
4 5 6 7. ARROW BUTTON
15
7 Preparation
7-1 Securing the work place
For safety and efficiently operation, please set the sealer
in suitable environment.
Warning
Warning
Warning
110V specification
16
Warning
Warning
110V specification
Black
220V specification
Black
White
White
Ground
Green
Ground
Green
Collar
Angle
Push button
Rod (upper)
Table legs
Bolt
Rod (lower)
17
Standard of exchange
Black filter-----2 years
Red filter----- Half a year
Weeping valve
Black
Red
Dry filter
Taking water by a
container
18
Rear side
silver screw
Nozzle supporter
Black screw
How to adjust
Turn the black handle located on the front of
machine.
Angle of sealing area can be selected freely.
19
Circuit breaker
ON
Warning
OFF
ON
20
Cock
Test button
(Red)
T I PS
Explanations in 8-1 and 8-2 are started after the following operations (1 and 2).
VG English Verx.x
FUJI IMPULSE.CO
FUJI IMPULSE.CO
21
The following four patterns will be changed when customer set up heating temperature, cooling temperature,
vacuum time, gas flushing time etc...
If you need the initial patterns, please re-register it.
Vacuum and seal - Operator decide the finish of vacuum by seeing (page 22)
= Operation No. [02] VAC & SEAL manual
Initial value
HT (Heating Temperature) : 284 F (140 C), CT (Cooling Temperature) : 212 F (100 C)
Ref. 8-5-2 (page 52)
O
Gas flushing and seal - by initial set up vacuum and gas flushing time (page 24)
= Operation No. [03] 1-GAS / Timer
Initial value
HT (Heating Temperature) : 284 F (140 C), CT (Cooling Temperature) : 212 F (100 C)
VT (Vacuuming Time) : 1.0second, GT (Gas flushing Time) : 2.0seconds
Ref. 8-5-6 (page 60)
O
Two times gas flushing and seal - by initial vaccum and gas flushing time (page 26)
= Operation No. [04] 2-GAS / Timer
Initial value
HT (Heating Temperature) : 284 F (140 C), CT (Cooling Temperature) : 212 F (100 C)
1-VT (1st Vacuuming Time) : 1.0second, 2-VT (2nd Vacuuming Time) : 1.0seconds,
O
1- GT (1st Gas flushing Time) : 2.0seconds, 2-GT (2nd Gas flushing Time) : 2.0seconds
Ref. 8-5-6 (page 60)
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
22
Sealing only
T I PS
The following explanation is for the first use. (by
the initial set-up)
23
T I PS
The following explanation is for the first use. (by
the initial set-up)
VAC&SEAL manual
Change(number)
Change(item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
24
(8-1-2)
10-3 Pressure lever fasten a pouch and
25
Gas flushing and seal - by initial set up vacuum and gas flushing time
Operation No. [03] 1-GAS / Timer
HT : 284 F (140 C), CT : 212 F (100 C), VT : 1.0sec, GT : 2.0sec
Ref. 8-5-6
O
T I PS
The following explanation is for the first use. (by
the initial set-up)
button.
Select number [03].
1-GAS timer
Change(number)
Change(item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
26
(8-1-3)
9-4 When set up time is passed, gas flushing
finish. (Gas flushing lamp is turned off.)
9-5 Nozzle return.
9-6 Pressure lever fasten a pouch and sealing
starts. (Heating lamp is turned on.)
9-7 After the heating is finished (Heating
lamp is turned off), cooling lamp is turned on.
27
Two times gas flushing and seal - by initial set up vacuum and gas
flushing time
Operation No. [04] 2-GAS / Timer
HT : 284 F (140 C), CT : 212 F (100 C), 1-VT : 1.0sec, 2-VT : 1.0sec, 1-GT : 2.0sec, 2-GT : 2.0sec
Ref. 8-5-9
O
T I PS
The following explanation is for the first use. (by
the initial set-up)
1-GAS timer
Change(number)
Change(item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
28
(8-1-4)
9-4 When set up time is passed, the first gas
flushing finish.
(Gas flushing lamp is turned off.)
9-5 Vacuum start (2nd).
(Vacuuming lamp is turned on.)
10 Sealing is finished.
Please check whether sealing performed
certainly.
If you will not use for a long time, please
work in following order.
1. Shut off the power switch.
29
8-2 Entry
Attention
Attention
Two kinds of examples for the new entry are explained in 8-2.
Please get used to enter and try on another sealing pattern.
Entry for sealing only (page 29)
Operation No. [05] SEALING ONLY
Setting value : Heating temperature 284 F (140 C), Heating time 0.3seconds
Cooling temperature 212 F (100 C)
O
Entry for 1 time vacuum and gas flushing by timer (page 30)
Operation No. [06] 1-Gas / Timer
Setting value : Heating temperature 284 F (140 C), Heating time 0.3seconds
Cooling temperature 212 F (100 C), Vacuum time 12.0seconds, Gas flushing time 8.0seconds
O
30
The following explanation is for the first use. (by the initial set-up)
, display changes to
8 Push
Change
Move
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
4 Push the
part is blinking.)
Change
(
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
part is blinking.)
.
Look at "Set the heating time "in page 34.
11 Set the cooling temperature 212 F
O
, display changes to
METHOD
Select
1 SEAL
2 VAC & SEAL
3 1-GAS
4 n-GAS
5 CIRCULATE
(100 C) by
6 Push
part is blinking.)
/ ENT=OK
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
Move
METHOD
Select
1 SEAL
2 VAC & SEAL
3 1-GAS
4 n-GAS
5 CIRCULATE
(
part is blinking.)
31
The following explanation is for the first use. (by the initial set-up)
To register "1 time vaccum and gas flushing by timer" in operation number [05].
Setting value : Heating temperature 284 F (140 C), Heating time 0.3seconds, Cooling temperature 212 F (100 C)
Vacuum timer 12.0seconds, Gas flushing time 8.0seconds
O
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
1 Manual
part is blinking.)
METHOD
Select
1 SEAL
2 VAC & SEAL
3 1-GAS
4 n-GAS
5 CIRCULATE
(5 CIRCULATE is displayed only in effect)
METHOD
Select
1 SEAL
2 VAC & SEAL
3 1-GAS
4 n-GAS
5 CIRCULATE
(
part is blinking.)
, display changes to
8 Push
VAC TYPE
1-GAS
1 Manual
(
32
2 Time
, display changes to
, display changes to
6 Push
Select
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
1VT10.0sec G10.0sec
part is blinking.)
to 8.0seconds.
Look at "Set the 1 time gas flushing
timer"in page 45.
13 Push
part is blinking.)
0.3seconds.
3 Gauge
3 Gauge
Change
Move
1VT10.0sec G10.0sec
/ ENT=OK
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
part is blinking.)
10 Push
Select
2 Time
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
4 Push the
The machine which carries out the seal of plastic film package is
named sealer. The sealer which carries out the seal by heat is
Vacuum (gauge)
Seal
Sealing only
Sealing method
(on the liquid crystal screen)
Sealing
package material.
The machine which perform "Seal" is called sealer.
Vacuum (manual)
n-times
(Gas flushing)
(Vacuum)
NC(piping)
Vacuum nozzle
Gas nozzle
Vacuum nozzle
Vacuum nozzle
Nozzle comes
forward
Vacuum
(by manual, timer, or
gauge)
Circulation
Gas flushing and
vacuum are performed
simultaneously
Nozzle returns.
Heating starts.
33
8-4 Reference
For operation
Starting of use
1 Turn on the circuit breaker.
Foot switch
In VG-602/402 series, sealing process is
done by the foot switch.
Attention
Finishing of use
1 Push the power button (OFF).
Compressor and cooling fan stop.
34
For set-up
Explanation of each button on the control panel
MENU button
= To display the menu mode
1 Entry
2 Change
3 Delete
4 Circulate
5 Drain
6 Maintain
ENT button
= To decide the each setting item
35
Foreword
1 The following explains as the circuit breaker ON and power button ON.
2 The numeric position which can be changed is expressed by xx in the illustration.
3 The blinking cursor position is expressed by (down side) and (background).
shows different contents by each operation number.
4
Counter
Reset the counter value :
for 3 seconds on the following initial
Push
display.
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
one time.
T I PS
Suitable temperature is different with each
packing materials.
Please set the lowest temperature which can
seal. Seal speed will increase and useless
consumption of parts can be lost.
, display changes to
Change
Move
Push
part is blinking.)
display changes to
Change
Change
Move
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
->Read 2
Change
and
Move
part is blinking.)
->Read 2
1-2 Change the heating time of the another
operation number :
Refer to "Select the operation number" in page
36.
After select the objective number, push
read 2.
36
and
T I PS
Push
and cursor move to the heating time
position [x.xs].
,
.
Adjust the time by
,
0.1second is changed by one time push
If kept on pushing, numeral change at high
speed.
(Setting range 0.0 2.0second)
T I PS
In temperature control system, heating time
means the time which maintains the set-up
temperature.
Usually seal can be made even if heating time
doesn't set (0.0sec).
In the case that thickness of packing material
causes the poor sealing, or the film is received
the damage, setting of heating time might be
effective.
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
Push
push
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
and
Select(number)
ENT / Delete
Cool cycle
Set-up cooling
temperature
Cool cycle
Set-up cooling
temperature
Heat cycle
Heating time
T I PS
As once deleted number cannot be returned,
please be careful at the deletion.
T I PS
When the operation number is deleted, the
next number is automatically moved one
forward.
(Sample)
Before
No.1 = SEALING ONLY
No.2 = VAC&SEAL timer
No.3 = 1-GAS manual
After deleting No.1, Display changes to
No.1 = VAC&SEAL timer
No.2 = 1-GAS manual
No.3 = Not registered
37
T I PS
If the registered number is only [01], you
cannot delete it.
When you try to delete a message "You can
not delete all" is displayed.
Push
Push
or
button.
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
T I PS
When select 2~4 (except), please refer to
"Select the vacuum pattern" in page 42.
38
1 Manual
2 Time
Select
3 Gauge
Push the
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
and push
CIRCULATE
Select
ENT=Go
1 OFF
2 ON
(Brinking number (
) is selected now.)
39
Manual" by
VAC TYPE
CIRCULATE
1 Manual
2 Time
Select
Change
Move
3 Gauge
part is blinking.)
2 Display change to
Change
Move
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
40
part is blinking.)
, and
part is blinking.)
and push
VAC TYPE
CIRCULATE
1 Manual
2 Time
and set
Select
3 Gauge
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
2 Display changes to
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
41
by and push
VAC TYPE
CIRCULATE
1 Manual
2 Time
and set
Select
3 Gauge
Change
Move
VG - kpa
2 Display changes to
Change
Move
VG - kpa
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
VG - kpa
part is blinking.)
(
Change
Move
VG - kpa
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
VG - kpa
42
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
VG - kpa
part is blinking.)
. Display changes to
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
1VG - kpa
part is blinking.)
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
Push the
Move
,
.
Adjust the value by
(Setting range : -1 -100kpa)
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
Change
1VT sec
Move
CIRCULATE
Select
ENT=Go
1 OFF
2 ON
(Brinking number (
part is blinking.)
Change
1VT sec
) is selected now.)
Move
and push
part is blinking.)
CIRCULATE
Select
ENT=Go
1 OFF
2 ON
(Brinking number (
) is selected now.)
43
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
Push
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
Push
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
Change" by
and push
3 Display changes by
to decide.
1 Manual
2 Time
Select
3 Gauge
and decide by
44
) is selected now.)
METHOD
ENT=OK
1 SEAL
2 VAC & SEAL
3 1-GAS
4 n-GAS
5 CIRCULATE
VAC TYPE
VAC & SEAL
1 OFF
Select
ENT=Go
2 ON
(Brinking number (
to
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
Move
Push
Change
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
,
.
2 Put the cursor to "6 Maintain" by
and display changes to the one for
Press
selecting maintenance mode. ON or OFF.
(Initial state OFF as the following illustration.)
part is blinking.)
and read 2.
MAINTENANCE
Select
ENT=Go
1 OFF
2 ON
) is selected now.)
Move
(Brinking number (
part is blinking.)
and press
two times.
In this condition, push
Cursor moves to the right side of "CT"
(blinking).
Adjust the value by
MAINTENANCE
X
Y
( means ON
means OFF)
T I PS
If cooling temperature is set extremely highly,
strong and beautiful seal cannot be made.
Please set the temperature suitable for the film.
Warning
45
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
and push
and push
3 Display changes to
METHOD
ENT=OK
1 SEAL
2 VAC & SEAL
3 1-GAS
4 n-GAS
5 CIRCULATE
(5 CIRCULATE is displayed only in effect)
46
2 Time
and push
T I PS
Please refer "Select the vacuum pattern" in
page 42.
temperature.
Please set the suitable value.
2 Time, 3 Gauge by
SEALING ONLY
Change (number)
Change (item)
COUNTER
xxxxx
Push
Select
3 Gauge
Push
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
Change" by
part is blinking.)
and push
and push
3 Display changes to
METHOD
ENT=OK
1 SEAL
2 VAC & SEAL
3 1-GAS
4 n-GAS
5 CIRCULATE
part is blinking.)
Display changes to
Change
Move
VAC TYPE
n-GAS
1 Manual
Change
Move
/ MENU=Back
2 Change
4 Circulate
6 Maintain
MENU /
1 Entry
3 Delete
5 Drain
Select
2 Time
3 Gauge
part is blinking.)
2 Time, 3 Gauge by
and push
47
times by
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
), to the
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
48
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
), to the
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
), to the
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
times by
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
49
2-3-2
time.
Change
Move
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
Change
Move
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
), to the
part is blinking.)
Change
Move
Change
Move
(
Change
Move
50
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
part is blinking.)
51
Sealing only
Operation number
Change
HT xx F
x.xs
Move
CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
HT xx C
x.xs
Move
CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
52
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
53
Change
1V MANUAL
HT xx F
O
x.xs
Move
Vacuum pattern = manual
CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
1V MANUAL
HT xx C
O
x.xs
Move
Vacuum pattern = manual
CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
54
11
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
55
Change
1VT xx.xsec
HT xx F
O
x.xs
Move
Vacuum pattern = timer
and set-up value
CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
1VT xx.xsec
HT xx C
O
x.xs
Move
Vacuum pattern = timer
and set-up value
CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
56
10
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
57
Change
1VG- xxkpa
HT xx F
O
x.xs
Move
Vacuum pattern = gauge
and set-up value
CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
1VG- xxkpa
HT xx C
O
x.xs
Move
Vacuum pattern = gauge
and set-up value
CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
58
10
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
59
Change
Move
1V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
HT xx F
O
x.xs
CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
Move
1V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
HT xx C
O
x.xs
CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
60
10
12
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please work as
indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
61
Change
Move
1VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx F
O
x.xs
CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
Move
1VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx C
O
x.xs
CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
62
10
11
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please work as
indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
63
Change
Move
G xx.xsec
1VG- xxkpa
HT xx F
O
x.xs
CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
Move
G xx.xsec
1VG- xxkpa
HT xx C
O
x.xs
CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
64
10
11
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
65
Operation number
Change
Move
1V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
xx V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
HT xx F x.xs CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Number of times for vacuum and gas flushing
Vacuum pattern (from 1st to n-1th) = manual
Operation number
Change
Move
1V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
xx V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
HT xx C x.xs CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Number of times for vacuum and gas flushing
Procedure
66
10
11
12
14
15
16
67
16
68
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
Operation number
Change
Move
1VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
xx VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx F x.xs CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Number of times for vacuum and gas flushing
Vacuum pattern (from 1st to n-1th) = timer
and set-up value
Operation number
Change
Move
1VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
xx VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx C x.xs CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Number of times for vacuum and gas flushing
Procedure
69
10
12
13
14
70
15
16
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
71
Operation number
Change
Move
G xx.xsec
1VG- xxkpa
xx VG- xxkpa
G xx.xsec
HT xx F x.xs CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Number of times for vacuum and gas flushing
Vacuum pattern (from 1st to n-1th) = gauge
and set-up value
Operation number
Change
Move
G xx.xsec
1VG- xxkpa
xx VG- xxkpa
G xx.xsec
HT xx C x.xs CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Number of times for vacuum and gas flushing
Procedure
72
10
12
13
14
15-4 1st gas flushing finished when set-up time (for 1st
n-1th gas flushing) is past.
Gas flushing lamp is turned off.
73
15
16
74
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please
work as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
Operation number
Change
Move
1V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
GCT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx F x.xs CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
Move
1V MANUAL
G xx.xsec
GCT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx C x.xs CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
Caution
75
10
11
12
14
14-2 1st gas flushing starts. Gas flushing lamp is turned on.
14-6 2nd gas flushing starts. Gas flushing lamp is turned on.
76
14
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please work
as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
77
Operation number
Change
Move
1VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
GCT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx F x.xs CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
Move
1VT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
GCT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx C x.xs CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
Caution
78
10
11
12
13
14-3 1st gas flushing starts. Gas flushing lamp is turned on.
14-7 2nd gas flushing starts. Gas flushing lamp is turned on.
79
14
80
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please work
as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
Operation number
Change
Move
G xx.xsec
1VG- xxkpa
GCT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx F x.xs CT xx F
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Operation number
Change
Move
G xx.xsec
1VG- xxkpa
GCT xx.xsec
G xx.xsec
HT xx C x.xs CT xx C
O
Heating time
Cooling temperature
Heating temperature
Procedure
Caution
81
10
11
12
13
14-3 1st gas flushing starts. Gas flushing lamp is turned on.
14-7 2nd gas flushing starts. Gas flushing lamp is turned on.
82
14
If you will not use this sealer for a long time, please work
as indicated in "Finishing of use" in page 34.
83
Always unplug power plug before replacing any parts. There is a danger of electrocution if
conducted with the plug still inserted.
Warning
Do not replace parts according to other methods not described in the operating instructions. It is
dangerous if incorrect methods are used.
Warning
When replacing parts, always use only specified parts sold through Fuji Impulse. Otherwise
malfunction may occur.
110V specification
220V specification
Pressure lever
Silicone rubber
Silicone rubber
Glass tape 50mm
Glass tape 19mm
Teflon sheet
Heating element
Temperature sensor
Glass tape 25mm
Sarcon sheet
Teflon sheet
Heating element
Temperature sensor
Glass tape 25mm
Sarcon sheet
Order from your dealer, specifying the name of your machine, the name and quantity of parts you need.
Parts name
Heating element (5mm,10mm)
Teflon sheet
Silicone rubber
Glass tape
Sarcon sheet
Plastic nut (white)
Teflon center dry tape
84
Selling unit
10pcs. per set / 20pcs. per set
2sheets per set
2pcs. per set
5M roll or 10M roll
2sheets per set or 5M roll
5pcs. per set
5M roll
Teflon holder
[Replace when]
When the teflon sheet is torn, burnt or sealing is dirty
[Essential tools]
Scissors
Sponge holder
Plastic nut (white)
Teflon holder
Sponge holder
Teflon holder
spring
Teflon winding rod
holder.
Teflon sheet
Cellophane tape
Teflon winding rod
85
Pressure lever
E-ring
Pin
(Minus) Screw driver
Sponge rubber
Sponge holder
Pressure plate
86
Heating element
Electrode cover
securing screw
Electrode lever
Electrode cover
87
lenght of
sealing section
Electrode
Sarcon sheet
about 5mm
about 2mm
about 2mm
about 5mm
Glass tape
88
Pressure lever
Silicone rubber
Glass tape 50mm width
Glass tape 19mm width
Pressure lever
Silicone rubber
Glass tape 19mm width
Heating element
1
Pressure lever
[Replace when]
The heating element is often burn out. Sealing is dirty.
[Essential tools]
Scissors
Silicone rubber
Glass tape 50mm width
Fold upward
that the glass tape extend about 2cm from the end
of the pressure lever.
5
Glass tape 19mm width
6
Fold upward
89
1921mm
Release ring
press there to remove the tube
Tube
Nut
section
V elastic sleeve
O ring
Microswitch
Caution
Microswitch cover
90
Mark tube
Lead wire
Elbow
Nozzle supporter
Open ring
91
ScrewA-1
ScrewA-2
Temperature sensor
module
3 Unfasten the screw A-1, A-2 to remove the temperature sensor fixing plate, and unfasten the
screw B. Temperature sensor can be removed.
4 Insert the protuberance of sensor fixing plate
(screw A-1 side) into the tip (hole) of new temperature sensor and seal frames hole.
Temperature sensor
Caution
Slack
ScrewA-2
Temp.sensor fixing plate
(A-2 side)
Caution
Slack
Temperature sensor
module
Caution
Attention
.Temperature sensor
.Position
Perception part
Heating element
Perception part
92
Screw A-2
Screw B Temperature
sensor
Screw A-1
3 Unfasten the screw A-1, A-2 to remove the temperature sensor fixing plate, and unfasten the
screw B. Temperature sensor can be removed.
4 Insert the protuberance of sensor fixing plate
(screw A-1 side) into the tip (hole) of new temperature sensor and seal frames hole.
Temperature sensor
Caution
Slack
ScrewA-2
Temp.sensor fixing plate
(A-2 side)
Caution
Slack
Temperature sensor
module
Caution
Attention
Temperature sensor
Position
Perception part
Heating element
Perception part
93
10 Specification
10-1 Safety mechanism specifications
VG-402-xx
VG-402-xx-10D
110V
220V
Power source
Maximum power
consumption
Power cord
VG-602-xx
VG-602-xx-10D
220V
220V
2.6KW
3.1KW
CT.2x3x5M 3P 20A125V
CT.2x3x5M 3P 20A250V
Vacuum degree
-1
Vacuum method
-100Kpa
Vacuum time
0.1
0.1
99.9sec
99.9sec
Driving style
Air cylinder
Plug
Sealing style
Single heating
Sealing length
Dual heating
Single heating
Sealing width
5 or 10mm
600mm
10mm
Height of sealing
surface
5 or 10mm
30 degree
Sealing heating
temperature
480 F / 60
140
0.0
Sealing cooling
temperature Note1
100 F (40 C)
O
*
Machine weight Note2
*
93kg
Outside dimensions
Note3
250 C
O
2.0seconds
set up heating temperature
98kg
100kg
105kg
W400 X L315mm
W600 X L450mm
Table dimensions
*
*Note2
*Note3
10mm
Sealing angle
Note1
Dual heating
400mm
Please set lower value than heating temperature. If it is near the heating temp, cooling process is insufficent and teflon is damaged too much.
Machine weight doesnt contain the one of table and options. (Vacuum pump and air compressor / standard type)
When sealing suface is horizontal position.
a) Circuit breaker automatically turn OFF when heater has been heated over 3.5seconds.
b) When heating temperature doesnt reach to set-up value within 3seconds, the electricity
is stopped and error message appears on the display.
Spring guides the lever when it is closing ; 63 cylinder guides when sealing.
Reset in emergency
The lever opens when foot switch is released while the lever is closing.
Abnormality response
In the foreign object (ex. fingers) prevent the sealer to act next movement when lever is
closing, automatically reset the sealer, after 1second the sealer is in initial state.
Emergency stop
In emergency stop switch is pushed when abnormality might generate, the circuit breaker
is turned OFF, power supply is intercepted and lever returns to the initial state.
Heating signal
Heating when levers closed ; microswitch guides the lever to going down (double safety
structure).
94
Unit ; mm
30o
(450)
350
400
(600)
(988)
1052
932
105
888
595
(675)
92
95
VG-602-AH-10D
H.
A.
D.
G-50SA : Oil rotation type
For high vacuum degree
(small size pouch)
Pumping speed : 50L/min
Ultimate pressure : -101.3KPa
Pump weight : 11kg
E.
G-100S : Oilrotation type
For high vacuum degree
(large size pouch)
Pumping speed : 100L/min
Ultimate pressure : -101.3KPa
Pump weight : 22kg
G.
DA-60S : Diaphragm type
For clean room
(clean degree : about 10,000)
Pumping speed : 60L/min
Ultimate pressure : -80KPa
Pump weight : 12kg
96
B.
DOA-P108-DB :
Diaphragm type
For clean room
(clean degree : about 10,000)
Pumping speed : 31L/min
Usual pressure : 310-330 KPa
Relief valve set-up pressure
Weigh : 7kg
C.
Air is provided by the out
side compressor
Suitable compressor
specification
0.75kw (80L/min) above
480KPa
Air compressor : MP-40 pumping speed : 33L/min usual pressure : 3.1kgf/cm2 relief valve set-up pressure weight : 8kg
Standard type
Model
Vacuum pump
Pumping speed
Ultimate pressure
Pump weight
7kg
7kg
VG-602-AH VG-402-AH
DOP-80SA
80L/min
-96KPa
VG-602-AH-10D VG-402-AH-10D
DOP-80SA
80L/min
-96KPa
11kg
VG-602-AD VG-402-AD
G-50SA
50L/min
-101.3KPa
VG-602-AD-10D VG-402-AD-10D
G-50SA
50L/min
-101.3KPa
11kg
VG-602-AE VG-402-AE
G-100S
100L/min
-101.3KPa
22kg
VG-602-AE-10D VG-402-AE-10D
G-100S
100L/min
-101.3KPa
22kg
VG-602-AG VG-402-AG
DA-60S
60L/min
-80KPa
12kg
VG-602-AG-10D VG-402-AG-10D
DA-60S
60L/min
-80KPa
12kg
Air compressor : DOA-P108-DB pumping speed : 33L/min usual pressure : 3.1kgf/cm2 relief valve set-up pressure weight : 7kg
Clean room type
Vacuum pump
Pumping speed
Ultimate pressure
Pump weight
VG-602-BH VG-402-BH
Model
DOP-80SA
80L/min
-96KPa
7kg
VG-602-BH-10D VG-402-BH-10D
DOP-80SA
80L/min
-96KPa
7kg
VG-602-BD VG-402-BD
G-50SA
50L/min
-101.3KPa
11kg
VG-602-BD-10D VG-402-BD-10D
G-50SA
50L/min
-101.3KPa
11kg
VG-602-BE VG-402-BE
G-100S
100L/min
-101.3KPa
22kg
VG-602-BE-10D VG-402-BE-10D
G-100S
100L/min
-101.3KPa
22kg
12kg
12kg
VG-602-BG VG-402-BG
DA-60S
60L/min
-80KPa
VG-602-BG-10D VG-402-BG-10D
DA-60S
60L/min
-80KPa
Air compressor : out side suitable compressor specification : 0.75kw (80L/min), 490kpa above
Suitable compressor should be purchased separately
Vacuum pump
Pumping speed
Ultimate pressure
Pump weight
VG-602-CH VG-402-CH
Model
DOP-80SA
80L/min
-96KPa
7kg
VG-602-CH-10D VG-402-CH-10D
DOP-80SA
80L/min
-96KPa
7kg
VG-602-CD VG-402-CD
G-50SA
50L/min
-101.3KPa
11kg
VG-602CD-10D VG-402-CD-10D
G-50SA
50L/min
-101.3KPa
11kg
VG-602-CE VG-402-CE
G-100S
100L/min
-101.3KPa
22kg
VG-602-CE-10D VG-402-CE-10D
G-100S
100L/min
-101.3KPa
22kg
VG-602-CG VG-402-CG
DA-60S
60L/min
-80KPa
12kg
60L/min
-80KPa
12kg
VG-602-CG-10D VG-402-CG-10D
DA-60S
97
11 Specifications of accessories
11-1 Air parts
Parts name
Type
Cylinder CDQ2B63-30D-F9BVS
Cylinder CDQ2B32-25
Cylinder CDM2BZ25-75A-H7BS
Valve VK3120-1H-01
magnetic valve
Valve VK332-1H-01
Valve VK3120-1H-01
Valve 126E1-21
Valve 200E1-21
magnetic valve
Gas nozzleelectroelectro-magnetic valve
Air electro-magnetic valve
Dry filter
2 years
Half a year
SSR-03 relay
SSR-03
FTR-F3AA024E-HA5A
Microswitch BA-2RQ1-T4-J
Cooling fan
Fan 4715MS-10T-B50
Sealing transformer
Transformer V-400-5/10
Out of rating
CT2X3X5M 3P 20A125V
Out of rating
CT2X3X5M 3P 20A250V
Out of rating
Foot switch
Switch OFL-V-SP
Other
1 Although life of sealing portion or slide portion in the machine differs by frequency of use,
exchange is needed every three or four year.
2 Piping tube discolor and harden by surrounding temperature or humidity.
As it cause an air leak, please replace the tube regularly.
3 In addition to the standard life, when surroundings are dusty, please clean or exchange valve and
filter.
4 Also about the electric parts, cleaning or exchange is needed with surrounding situation (humidity,
dust, or usage) in addition to the standard life.
98
Veryfy that teflon sheet and silicone rubber are not dirty or damaged.
Air filter
Remove the filter cup and clean it. (Ref. next page)
If it is damaged or color is changed, slide the teflon or replace with new one.
Heating element
Dry filter
Sarcon sheet
Relief valve
Verify the initial pressure setting is 320kpa. If not so, adjust it.
Cylinder
Valve
Temperature sensor *1
Cylinder, Valve, Air tube, Air filter, Relief valve, Speed control valve
Electric parts
*1 Temperature which sensor recognize is adjusted to the actual heating temperature at the shipment from our
factory. But the error may occur for long time use, so please check it.
Ref. "Replacing the routine maintenance parts in page 82
99
Figure 1
To vacuum pump From nozzle
1/3 line
100
Filter element
Fixing bolt (SUS)
Element cap
Wing nut M4
O-ring
Filter cup
O-ring
Cup flange
Plastic nut (black)
Drain tube
Open
101
13 Electric diagram
13-1 Electric diagram for 110V
Object : VG-402-xx
Type (xx) : AH, AD, AE, CH, CD, CE
A
0V
105V
K J
8A
7A
6A
5A
4A
3A
8B
7B
6B
5B
4B
3B
2B
2A
1B
1A
L
K
Clear
Lamp
6
5
4
3
Red Lamp
1
Trans
former
S
heater
To Y0
Nozzle forward
SOL.Y4
Y4
SOL.Y3
Y3
SOL.Y2
Y2
Lever Down
SOL.Y1
Y1
IN304
SOL.Y5
IN
AC100V
OUT303
Vacuum Valve
NC
Y10
IN403
SOL.Y10
OUT401
Y11
COM
C19
NC
Y18
X19
Y17
X18
IN404
COM
C1
X15
COM
COM
VS
Vacuum pump
TC
24V
Vacuum Gauge
5V
24
GND
AD0
24V
AD3
96
GND
AD
98
Compressor
X16
C2
AD2
2 4 6
FAN
X17
C0
GND
95
X11
X10
5V
C2
97
Temprature
sensor
GND
AD5
AD1
Black
(Remark1)
White
Green(Ground)
102
X12
C1
OUT402
Vacuum pump
auxiliary relay
Foot Switch
X13
Y16
C1
X0
X14
Y15
11 12 13 1
X1
Y13
SOL.Y11
X2
Y14
Y12
X3
COM
C0
X4
COM
Y0
To SSR No.4
Temprature
sensor
X5
Safety
micro-switch
Micro
switch
NO
SSR
OUT
AC100V
Y5
Safety
circuit
A
COM
Circut
breaker
110V
Printer
Outlet
AC110V
Ground
Terminal
A
0V
105V
K J
8A
7A
6A
5A
4A
3A
8B
7B
6B
5B
4B
3B
Safety
circuit
A
Circut
breaker
220V
Printer
Outlet
AC220V
Ground
Terminal
2B
2A
1B
1A
L
K
COM
Clear
Lamp
Micro
switch
NO
6
5
4
3
SSR
Safety
micro-switch
Red Lamp
Trans
former
S
heater
To Y0
SOL.Y5
SOL.Y4
Y4
SOL.Y3
Y3
SOL.Y2
Y2
Lever Down
SOL.Y1
Y1
OUT303
Vacuum Valve
Nozzle forward
Y10
IN403
Y11
SOL.Y10
COM
C19
NC
Y18
X19
Y17
X18
IN404
COM
X15
COM
COM
VS
Vacuum Gauge
TC
5V
24
24V
AD0
24V
Vacuum pump
GND
GND
AD3
96
Compressor
X16
C2
AD
98
FAN
X17
C0
AD2
2 4 6
X11
C1
GND
95
X12
X10
5V
C2
97
Foot Switch
C1
OUT402
Vacuum pump
auxiliary relay
X0
X13
Y16
C1
X14
Y15
11 12 13 1
X1
NC
OUT401
X2
Y13
SOL.Y11
X3
Y14
Y12
COM
C0
X4
COM
Y0
To SSR No.4
X5
IN
AC100V
IN304
OUT
AC100V
Y5
Temprature
sensor
Temprature
sensor
GND
AD5
AD1
Black
(Remark1)
White
Green(Ground)
103
K J
8A
7A
6A
5A
4A
3A
8B
7B
6B
5B
4B
3B
2B
2A
1B
1A
L
K
Clear
Lamp
6
5
4
3
Red Lamp
1
Trans
former
S
heater
To Y0
Nozzle forward
SOL.Y4
Y4
SOL.Y3
Y3
SOL.Y2
Y2
Lever Down
SOL.Y1
Y1
IN304
SOL.Y5
IN
AC100V
OUT303
Vacuum Valve
Y10
COM
C19
NC
Y18
X19
Y17
X18
X15
COM
96
COM
Vacuum pump
Vacuum Gauge
TC
5V
24
24V
AD0
24V
AD3
GND
GND
VS
98
Compressor
X16
C2
GND
FAN
X17
C0
AD2
2 4 6
IN404
COM
C1
AD
95
X11
X10
5V
C2
97
Temprature
sensor
GND
AD5
AD1
Black
(Remark1)
White
Green(Ground)
104
X12
C1
OUT402
Vacuum pump
auxiliary relay
IN403
X13
Y16
C1
Foot Switch
X14
Y15
11 12 13 1
X0
NC
OUT401
X1
Y13
Y11
X2
Y14
Y12
SOL.Y10
X3
COM
C0
X4
COM
Y0
To SSR No.4
Temprature
sensor
X5
Safety
micro-switch
Micro
switch
NO
SSR
OUT
AC100V
Y5
Safety
circuit
A
COM
Circut
breaker
110V
Printer
Outlet
AC110V
Ground
Terminal
K J
8A
7A
6A
5A
4A
3A
8B
7B
6B
5B
4B
3B
Safety
circuit
A
Circut
breaker
220V
Printer
Outlet
AC220V
Ground
Terminal
2B
2A
1B
1A
L
K
COM
Clear
Lamp
Micro
switch
NO
6
5
4
3
SSR
Safety
micro-switch
Red Lamp
Trans
former
S
heater
To Y0
SOL.Y5
SOL.Y4
Y4
SOL.Y3
Y3
SOL.Y2
Y2
Lever Down
SOL.Y1
Y1
OUT303
Vacuum Valve
Nozzle forward
Vacuum pump
auxiliary relay
Y10
IN403
X10
C19
NC
Y18
X19
Y17
X18
IN404
COM
X15
COM
COM
VS
AD0
Vacuum Gauge
24V
TC
5V
24
24V
GND
Vacuum pump
GND
Compressor
X16
C2
AD3
96
FAN
X17
C0
AD
98
X11
COM
AD2
2 4 6
X12
C1
GND
95
Foot Switch
C1
5V
C2
97
X0
X13
Y16
C1
X1
X14
Y15
11 12 13 1
X2
Y13
OUT402
X3
NC
OUT401
SOL.Y10
Y14
Y11
Gas flushing valve open
X4
COM
C0
Y12
COM
Y0
To SSR No.4
X5
IN
AC100V
IN304
OUT
AC100V
Y5
Temprature
sensor
Temprature
sensor
GND
AD5
AD1
Black
(Remark1)
White
Green(Ground)
105
14 Piping diagram
14-1 Piping diagram for VG-602/402 series with air compressor and
vacuum pump
Type : AH, AD, AE
Vacuum
gauge
CDQ2B63-30DF9BVS
CDM2BZ25-75A-H7BS
Nozzle
Sealing
section
Cylinder
(small)
Nozzle cylinder
Gas cock
Cylinder (big)
LS.X4
Cylinder (big)
LS.X1
126E1-21
SOL.Y10
CQ2B32-25
LS.X3
LS.X2
Filter
CDQ2B63-30DF9BV
Circulation
switch valve
Air
regulator
Rapid exhaust
valve
Filter
SOL.Y4
SOL.Y11
PK0802-NC
SOL.Y3
SOL.Y2
O
I
SOL.Y1
Chuck valve
Exhause
VK3120-1H-01 x 2
VK332-1H-01 x 2
Exhause from
substance
Twinned
dry filter
Relief
valve
SOL.Y5
VX2330-03-1G
Compressor
Exhause
Tube Length
12x1.5M
106
Vacuum Pump
14-2 Piping diagram for VG-602/402 series with air compressor and
vacuum pump (Air is provided by the outside compressor)
Type : CH, CD, CE
Vacuum
gauge
CDQ2B63-30DF9BVS
CDM2BZ25-75A-H7BS
Nozzle
Sealing
section
Cylinder (big)
Nozzle cylinder
Gas cock
Cylinder
(small)
LS.X1
LS.X4
Cylinder (big)
126E1-21
SOL.Y10
CQ2B32-25
LS.X3
LS.X2
Filter
CDQ2B63-30DF9BV
Circulation
switch valve
Air
regulator
Rapid exhaust
valve
Filter
SOL.Y11
Draining Water
Equipment
PK0802-NC
SOL.Y4
SOL.Y3
SOL.Y2
O
I
SOL.Y1
Exhause
Tube Length
12x1.5M
Exhause
VK3120-1H-01 x 2
VK332-1H-01 x 2
SOL.Y5
VX2330-03-1G
Exhause from
substance
Vacuum Pomp
Air source
107
14-3 Piping diagram for VG-602/402 series with air compressor and
vacuum pump (with duct bracket)
Type : AG, BG, BH
(STA_B0620E ) 1
Vacuum
gauge
CDQ2B63-30DF9BVS
CDM2BZ25-75A-H7BS
Nozzle
Sealing
section
Cylinder (big)
Nozzle cylinder
Gas cock
Cylinder
(small)
LS.X1
LS.X4
Cylinder (big)
126E1-21
SOL.Y10
CQ2B32-25
LS.X3
LS.X2
Filter
CDQ2B63-30DF9BV
Circulation
switch valve
Air
regulator
Rapid exhaust
valve
Filter
SOL.Y4
SOL.Y11
PK0802-NC
SOL.Y3
SOL.Y2
SOL.Y1
Chuck valve
VK3120-1H-01 x 2
VK332-1H-01 x 2
Twinned
dry filter
Exhause
Duct
bracket
200E1
P
(Only BG,BH)
108
Relief
valve
SOL.Y5
VX2330-03-1G
A
R
Compressor
Vacuum Pump
O
I
14-4 Piping diagram for VG-602/402 series with vacuum pump (Air is
provided by the outside compressor) (with duct bracket)
Type (xx) : CG
Vacuum
gauge
CDQ2B63-30DF9BVS
CDM2BZ25-75A-H7BS
Nozzle
Sealing
section
Cylinder
(small)
Nozzle cylinder
Gas cock
Cylinder (big)
LS.X4
Cylinder (big)
LS.X1
126E1-21
SOL.Y10
CQ2B32-25
LS.X3
LS.X2
Filter
CDQ2B63-30DF9BVS
Circulation
switch valve
Air
regulator
Rapid exhaust
valve
Filter
SOL.Y4
SOL.Y3
SOL.Y2
O
I
SOL.Y1
VK3120-1H-01 x 2
VK332-1H-01 x 2
Duct bracket
Exhause
SOL.Y5
VX2330-03-1G
Vacuum Pomu
Air source
109
Please consult your dealer or Fuji Impulse if after referring to the chart, the problem cannot be resolved.
Please refer any questions regarding replacement of parts not listed in the operating instructions or adjustment
of such parts to your dealer or Fuji Impulse.
Items marked with an asterisk in the Solutions column refer to the fact that these problems should be
addressed by an electrician. If there are any problems, please contact your dealer or Fuji Impulse.
Warning
When replacing parts, be sure to unplug power cord from the wall outlet.
Check
Solution
Electrode is damaged.
Items marked with an asterisk in the Solutions a column refer to the fact that these problems
should be addressed by an electrician. If there are any problems, please contact your dealer or
Fuji Impulse.
110
Error message
Error message
Check
Poor heating
Solution
If turned off
Illustration 1
SSR-03
(=output)
Illustration 2
Red lamp
(microswitch)
(=input)
(=power)
Items marked with an asterisk *in the "Solutions" column refer to the fact that these problems
should be addressed by an electrician. If there are any problems, please contact your dealer or Fuji
Impulse.
111
Problems
Solution
1 lever-upper
4 nozzle-back
2 lever
3 lever-lower
Error massge
Heat contorol
cant function!
Dont operate until
it removes a trouble
Check
Is SSR-03 lamp in the frame
cover turned on?
Adjustment or replacemrent of
cylinder sensor is necessary.
Please consult with your local
dealer
Solution
If SSR-03 lamp is turned on,
control unit may be troubled.
If SSR-03 lamp is turned off, SSR03 may be troubled.
*Consult with your dealer or our
company.
Over heating
112
Transformer
MAINTENANCE
X
Y
( means ON
means OFF)
trouble pattern.
Please tell your dealer or our company the result.
(Ref. "Select the maintenance mode" in page 43)
X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5
113
Sponge rubber
Electrode
Vacuum gauge
Thermal relay
Circuit breaker
SSR-03
114
Fuse
Air filter
Dry filter
Electromagnetic valve
for vacuum
Electromagnetic valve
for gas
Auto transformer
Transformer
Nozzle cylinder
Cylinder (small)
Cylinder (big)
115
Frame cover
Body frame
Vacuum pump
(This illustration is DOP-80SA)
116
Air compressor
(This illustration is MP-40)
117
VG-602-AH-10D
H.
A.
D.
G-50SA : Oil rotation type
For high vacuum degree
(small size pouch)
Pumping speed : 50L/min
Ultimate pressure : -101.3KPa
Pump weight : 11kg
E.
G-100S : Oilrotation type
For high vacuum degree
(large size pouch)
Pumping speed : 100L/min
Ultimate pressure : -101.3KPa
Pump weight : 22kg
G.
DA-60S : Diaphragm type
For clean room
(clean degree : about 10,000)
Pumping speed : 60L/min
Ultimate pressure : -80KPa
Pump weight : 12kg
96
B.
DOA-P108-DB :
Diaphragm type
For clean room
(clean degree : about 10,000)
Pumping speed : 31L/min
Usual pressure : 310-330 KPa
Relief valve set-up pressure
Weigh : 7kg
C.
Air is provided by the out
side compressor
Suitable compressor
specification
0.75kw (80L/min) above
480KPa