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Three Stage Battery Charge SLA PDF
Three Stage Battery Charge SLA PDF
Journal of Engineering
Anas W. Ataa
1
ABSTRACT
New fast sealed lead acid (SLA) battery chargers must be able to charge the fully discharged
batteries in a short time. In the same time, the charger must monitor the battery state of health in
order to prevent over charge and to extend the battery life time.
In this paper a Fast charger was presented to charge SLA batteries in short time and monitor the
battery voltage to prevent over charge. The design was implemented practically. And 150 charger of
similar type was produced for commercial use. They are now in service in different Mobile base
station sites around Baghdad. It can charge a fully discharged 12V, 4.5Ah battery in less than 5
hours. To supply PLC control system on DC power to about 24 hour of continuous operation during
main electricity faults.
During one and half year of continuous operation three faults have been recorded in the 150
chargers. All of the three cases were because of bad components manufacturing.
-
.
.
-
. .
150 150
12V,4.5Ah .
. 24
. 150
.
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Anas W. Ataa
Keywords: SLA, VRLA, SoC, SoH, Battery Chargers, three mode charger, Fast charger,
DC PLC backup system.
1. INTRODUCTION
In the introduction a brief discussion about the
SLA batteries and charging algorithms will be
presented.
1.1.VRLA Batteries
Lead-acid
batteries,
invented
in
1859
by French physicist Gaston
Plant[1]
.
VRLA stands for valve-regulated lead-acid and is
the designation for low-maintenance lead-acid
sealed rechargeable batteries. Because of their
construction, VRLA batteries do not require
regular addition of water to the cells.
It takes about 5 times as long to recharge a leadacid battery to the same level as it does to
discharge. A multi-stage charger first applies a
constant current charge, raising the cell voltage to
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Journal of Engineering
2.1.SMPS
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2.2.Charge Control
SENS2 = IBAT X 1
(1)
PR1 = (IBAT)2 X R1
(2)
PR1 = 0.49 X 1 = 0.49 W,
Choosing 1W resister gives 50% safety margin.
(3)
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Number 3
Vterminal 2 = 5 X R10/(R10+R9+RV1)
= 5 X (10/35) = 1.4285V
(4)
(10)
(11)
(5)
(12)
(8)
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(7)
IB6 = (1.4-0.7)/10k=70A
(13)
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t = Req C5 ln(
-t
C5 =
(21)
(16)
V3 = 5 X R30/(R26+R30+R31) =5 X (4.7/15.7) =
(22)
1.4968V = VTL
This voltage corresponds to battery voltage of:
1.4968V X R7/R6 = 10.2054V
(23)
t
5k 0.346
VC5final VC5initial
) = 5k C5 0.346
VC5final VC5
(20)
(15)
(24)
(19)
V3 = 5 X (R30||R29)/(R26+ R30||R29+R31) +
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(3.65V-VD9)
X
(R30||(R26+R31))/(
(R30||(R26+R31))+R29)
(25)
=
5
X
(4.489/15.7)
+
3.21
X
3.29299/(3.29299+100) = 1.449V + 0.10233V =
1.55133V= VTH
2.9.The PCB
After passing all the primary tests, the circuit have
been send to PCB factory to produce the mass
production. The circuit was printed on 10cmx13cm
double layer PCB to fit inside the plastic enclosure.
See the figure below.
(26)
2.10.
The enclosure
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(27)
Anas W. Ataa
4. CONCLUSION
Fast three stages SLA battery charger was
designed, implemented and tested. This charger
was able to charge 12V, 4.5A/h SLA Battery in
about 2 hours and 23minutes. The three stages
charger can charge the SLA batteries in short time
while protecting the battery from over charge and
self discharge. In the Constant Current Source the
deviation was about 4% while the deviation for the
constant voltage source is about 1% as seen in the
results section. The control circuit is completely
analogue electronic circuit. No digital parts were
used. This will reduce time to fault and the system
will be less sensitive to noise.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was under the supervision and funding
of Integrated Engineering Services Company. It
was done under the project of installing 128 mobile
Base transceiver station (BTS) around Baghdad.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Lead-acid battery, Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadacid_battery, last modified on 5 March 2010.
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Journal of Engineering
Figure 1: Charge stages of a lead-acid battery. The battery charges at a constant current to a set
voltage threshold (Stage 1). As the battery saturates, the current drops (Stage 2). The float charge
compensates for the self-discharge (Stage 3).
AC 90-250 V
50-60 Hz
Input
SMPS
AC to DC converter
Charging control
and switching
12V DC output to
PLC system
456
12V
4.5 to 7 Ah
Battery
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Ferritetransformer
Polecompensationcircuit
457
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(a)
(b)
Figure. 6 (a) SENS1 and SENS2, (b) Constant Current Charging Circuit
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