Islamic Jurisprudence PDF
Islamic Jurisprudence PDF
Contents
1
Introduction
1.1 The Problem With the Meaning of Jurisprudence
1.2 A Format of the General Theory of Law . . . . .
1.3 A Model for the Study of the General Theory of
Islamic Law or Us.u l al-Fiqh . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 The Subject-matter of Us.u l al-Fiqh . . . . . . . .
1.5 The Scope of This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
3
10
14
17
21
The Meaning of Us.u l al-Fiqh and Basic Terms
2.1 The Literal Meaning of Fiqh . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2 Earlier General Meaning of Fiqh . . . . . . . . . 25
2.3 Later Shafiite Definition of Fiqh . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4 Analysis of the Definition of Fiqh . . . . . . . . 27
2.5 Distinctions Based on the Definition . . . . . . . 30
2.5.1
Distinction between sharah and fiqh . . 31
2.5.2 Distinction between mujtahid and faqh . 31
2.5.3 Distinction between ijtihad and taqld . . 32
2.5.4 Distinction between a muqallid and a
faqh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.6 A Wider Definition of Fiqh: Criticising the Narrow Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.6.1 What in reality is the dall tafs.l? . . . . 33
2.6.2 The legal structure of the evidences (adillah) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.6.3 Identifying the defects of the narrow
definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
i
ii
Islamic Jurisprudence
Contents
. 40
.
.
41
41
. 44
. 46
. 47
. 48
. 51
The H
. ukm Shar
55
The H
. ukm: What is Islamic Law?
3.1 The Three Elements of the H
. ukm Shar . . . . .
3.2 The Meaning of the H
. ukm Shar or the Meaning of Islamic Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 The H
. ukm TaklfObligations and Duties . . .
3.3.1
The h.ukm taklf from the perspective of
the us.u l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2 The h.ukm taklf from the perspective of
the faqh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.3
The h.ukm taklf according to the H
. anafs
3.4 The H
ukm
Wad
Declaratory
Rules
.
.
. . . .
.
.
3.5 The Distinction Between the H
. ukm Taklf and
the H
. ukm Wad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
62
63
67
68
69
70
72
73
Contents
Islamic Jurisprudence
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5
The Lawgiver (H
. a kim)
5.1 Allah is the True Source of all Laws . . . . . . .
5.2 The Fundamental Norm of the Legal System .
5.3 The Law and the Interest of Man . . . . . . . .
5.3.1
Is Man the sole purpose of creation? . .
5.3.2 Can we employ mas.lah.ah (interest) for
new laws? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Are the Sharah and Natural Law Compatible?
iii
. 84
.
85
. 86
. 87
. 88
. 90
. 92
. 94
. 96
. 97
. 98
. 101
. 101
. 102
.
.
.
.
105
105
107
108
109
. 110
. 111
iv
Islamic Jurisprudence
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
Contents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
141
143
143
143
144
144
145
146
147
147
.
.
.
.
149
149
150
155
Contents
8
II
9
Islamic Jurisprudence
177
181
161
163
163
164
165
165
166
166
170
170
172
173
174
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
185
186
187
187
188
189
192
194
10 The Quran
199
10.1 The Quran as the Primary Source of Law . . . . 200
10.1.1 Justification of the Quran as a source . . 202
10.1.2 The recording and revelation of the Quran 203
10.2 Legal strength and indication of ah.kam in the
Quran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
10.3 The kinds of ah.kam in the Quran . . . . . . . . 206
10.4 Can one text of the Quran abrogate another? . . 207
vi
Islamic Jurisprudence
Contents
11 The Sunnah
11.1 The Sunnah as a Primary Source . . . . . . . . .
11.1.1 Definition of the Sunnah . . . . . . . . .
11.1.2 Kinds of Sunnah . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1.3 Justification of the Sunnah as a source
of law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1.4 Justification of the dierent types of
Sunnah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2 Status of the Sunnah With Respect to the Quran
11.2.1 The manner in which the Sunnah lays
down the ah.kam . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2.2 Modern views about the relationship
between the Quran and the Sunnah . . .
209
210
210
212
221
223
227
228
231
III
251
257
.
.
.
.
259
260
260
261
. 262
Contents
Islamic Jurisprudence
13.2.2
vii
. 264
. 265
. 266
. 266
. 267
. 268
. 269
. 270
.
.
.
.
270
272
274
276
. 279
.
.
.
.
283
284
285
286
289
. 289
. 289
. 291
. 292
. 297
viii
Islamic Jurisprudence
Contents
14.5.1
. 297
. 298
.
.
.
.
300
301
301
303
307
. 307
.
.
.
.
.
309
310
311
314
314
315
315
316
317
319
320
323
324
326
328
330
331
321
. 321
.
.
.
.
.
.
Contents
Islamic Jurisprudence
ix
IV
339
. 340
. 340
. 342
. 342
. 342
. 343
. 343
. 344
. 344
. 346
349
Ijtihad (Interpretation)
353
. 354
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
355
355
356
358
360
360
360
361
361
Islamic Jurisprudence
Contents
20.8 The H
. ukm of Ijtihad and its Types . . . . . . .
20.9 The Qualifications of the Mujtahid . . . . . . .
20.9.1 Who is a mujtahid today? . . . . . . .
20.10 Ijtihad a Legislative Function: The Need for an
Islamic Theory of Legislation . . . . . . . . . .
. 362
. 363
. 366
. 367
371
374
377
377
378
379
379
380
381
383
392
396
398
402
403
Contents
Islamic Jurisprudence
xi
22.2.1
435
25 Taqld as a Methodology
439
25.1 Taqld as a Basis for the Islamic Theory of Adjudication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Advanced Legal Studies Institute
xii
Islamic Jurisprudence
Contents
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
455
457
458
461
461
464
466
470
472
472
21 Select Bibliography
473
21 Detailed Bibliography
477
22 Glossary
515