NAME 238 Ships Hyrostatic and Stability
NAME 238 Ships Hyrostatic and Stability
1. Owners Requirement
A ship is required with the following particulars:
Type
: General Cargo
Deadweight
: 2000 tons
Service Speed
: 16 knots
Route
: Dhaka ~ Barisal
Builders
: MV Nabik
Deadweight, DWT
: 15265 tonnes
Service Speed, V
: 15 knots
Draught, d
: 8.84 m
Breadth, B
: 20.42 m
Length, LBP
: 137.50 m
Depth, D
: 11.73 m
Block Coefficient, C
: 0.7007
Propulsion type
: Single Screw
Engine power
: 7600 bhp
C d=
Ac=
DWT
=0.856
2/ 3 V 3
=565
Pb
Type
DWT
L
bp
BMld
D
Mld
T
max
V
k
CB
P
b
density
Region
New Ship
General
Cargo
20240
16
Worldwide
units
tonne
knots
Panama
canal
Suez
289.56
32.31
None
St. Laurence
225.5
74 & 11 or
48 & 17.7
23.8
12.04 TFW
Air draught
(m)
57.91
None
35.5
Cb
Cd
L/B
B/T
H/D
Cb/Cd
Cb * Cd
SW Density
6.734
2.310
0.754
0.818
0.600
1.025
Length calculation for new ship: The LBP for new ship can be estimated by
DWT L
LNew =
C B C D B
( ) ( BT )
= 151.48
L+
A C =26
150
VK
=564.88
( 137.5+ 150
15 )
=563.75
( 151.48+ 150
16 )
This indicates that the new ship would be very similar to the basic ship in terms of A C
coefficient; however, it is far too early to make that judgement as the power required for the ship
is yet to be determined and its final dimensions should be optimised further.
=564.88
( L+ 150
16 )
564.88 150
L=(
26
16 )
A C =26
L = 152.55
Thus the LNew is now accepted to be 152.55 m, which would give Ac New of 564.88. Now using
the LNew and the established dimensional ratios, other parameters such as B, D, H, C b and can
be determined. For Cb use the following formula:
C B=10.23
V
=10.23
L BP
( )
16
( 152.55
)=0.702
C B=10.234
V
=0.696
LBP
( )
would give Cb = 0.696. This is too low. The length is manipulated to improve particulars. By
iterations, the length for new design is set at 156 m.
22.40
12.80
m
m
L/B
B/H
6.964
2.370
Higher
Higher
Hmax
Vk
9.45
H/D
0.738
Lower
16.00
knots
Cb/Cd
0.820
Higher
Cb
0.700
OK
Cb*Cd
0.598
Lower
SW Density
Displacement
Cd
Cb/Cd
Cb * Cd
Ac
568.490
1.025
23701.47
0.854
tonne/m.cub
Tonnes
OK
0.8200
OK
0.5980
OK
100.64%
Excellent
Comparison Table
Basic Ship
New Ship
Deadweight
15265
20240
137.5
156.00
Lbp
20.42
22.40
BMld
11.73
12.80
DMld
8.84
9.45
Hmax
15
16.00
Vk
0.701
0.700
Cb
SW Density
1.025
1.025
Displacement
17825.665
23701.469
0.856
0.854
Cd
0.818
0.820
Cb/Cd
0.600
0.598
Cb * Cd
Pb
5669.600
5945.030
564.877
568.490
Ac
Table: Cb and Cd coefficients for merchant ship types
Ship Type
Cb
Cd
General Cargo
0.65 0.735
0.62 0.72
Ore Carrier
0.65 0.735
0.72 0.77
Bulk Carrier
0.65 0.735
0.78 0.84
Oil Tanker
0.75 0.82
0.80 0.86
Passenger
0.6
0.50 - 0.90
Container
0.575
0.50 - 0.90
Salvage
0.425
0.50 - 0.85
Displacement
Vertical centre of buoyancy
Longitudinal centre of buoyancy
Tons Per Inch Immersion (TPI) or TP 1 cm
Transverse metacentre
Longitudinal metacentre
Centre of floatation
Moment to change trim 1 inch
Coefficients
(i)
Calculation of Displacement
Half of the waterplane area =
A = y dx
Using Simpsons first rule the equation of the water plane area can be expressed
1
A =2 y dx= h y Simpso n ' s multiplier
3
Displacement of the ship V = y dx dz
1
1
k h y Simpso n' s multiplier
=
3
3
Simpson ' s multiplier
Sectional area =
A SA = y dz
(ii)
KB=
(iii)
(iv)
AWP
420
(v)
Transverse metacentre
(vii)
1
3
y dx
I 3
Transverse metacentre BM T = =
1 1
h y 3 Simpson ' s multiplier
3 3
(vi)
Longitudinal metacentre
I CF I M A h2
Longitudinal metacentre BM L=
=
1
2
2
y x dx A h
3
1 1
2
2
h y x Simpson ' s multiplier A h
3 3
(viii)
BM L
12 L
Minimum GM = 0.15 m
Fig. 1 Pro-metacentre
B 0 R=
v he h i
M =W GZ
Definition
Immersed volume SL0L1 = Emerged volume SW0W1= v
Figure 4.24
Barnes Method
The Righting lever GZ can be found as
v he hi
BG sin
v
v e h e 0+ v i hi 0(v iv e )
BG sin
v
1
1
1
y 3i cos d dx+ y 3e cos d dx
( y 2 y 2e ) d dx
3
3
2 i
GZ=
BG sin
v
y
1
( i3 + y 3e )cos d dx 2 ( yi2 y 2e ) d dx
1
BG sin
3
v
GZ =
Area bounded by radial plane
1
A y i y i d
2
Volume of the immersed wedge
1
v i y i2 d dx
2
Volume of the layer
1
v v i v e y i2 y e2 d dx
2
Water plane area
A WP y i y e dx
Transverse distance of the centre of floatation
1
2
2
yi ye dx
Moment
2
Area A WP
yi y e dx
Layer correction
(a) If v i > v e and centre of gravity of the layer is on the immersed side, the correction
for the layer is to be subtracted
(b) If v e >v i and centre of gravity of the layer is on the emerged side, the correction for
the layer is to be subtracted
yi
sm
yi sm
y i2
sm
550.3
Emerged wedge
No. of
ye
ordinate
0
1/2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
sm
ye sm
477.3
y i2 sm
y 3i
sm
17878
y e2
sm
y e2 sm
14250
y 3i sm
597810
y 3e
sm
y 3e sm
454620
y i sm y sm
2
i
0
15
30
550.3
477.3
( y 3i y 3e ) cos
( y 3i y 3e )
sm
sm sm
sm sm
cos
sm
y sm sm
sm
y e2 sm sm
2
i
17878
Emerged wedge
ye sm y e2 sm
0
15
30
( y 3i y3e )
14250
(i)
(ii)
Trim Calculation
1) Moderate weight method
The method most used in practice is to carry out the following steps:
Determine the mean bodily sinkage
Weight loaded
Sinkage =
TPC
Determine the change of trim
Trimingmoment
Change of trim x=
MCT
Determinate the change of trim at fore and aft perpendicular
a
d A = change of trim
L
b
d F = change of trim
L
Final draught at aft perpendicular = sinkage d A
Final draught at fore perpendicular = sinkage d F
2) Considerable weight
The method most used in practice is to carry out the following steps:
Determine the position of the longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) in the initial
condition.
Determine the position of the longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) in the final
condition.
Using hydrostatic data find the position of the longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB),
longitudinal centre of flotation (LCF), MCT and mean draft at the load displacement.
Find the trimming moment and hence change of trim by taking the moment composed
of the horizontal distance between LCG and LCB and the displacement.
Trimingmoment=Change of trim x MCT
Triminglever Displacement=Change of trim x MCT
( LCGLCB) Displacement=Change of trimT MCT
( LCGLCB ) Displacement
Change of trim x=
MCT
Wheel
House
Accomodation
Chain Locker/Store
APT
FWT
FOT
Cargo Hold 2
Cargo Hold 1
FPT
Engine Room
Double Bottom Tank
Accomodation
Chain Locker/Store
APT
FWT
FOT
Cargo Hold 2
FPT
Cargo Hold 1
Engine Room
Double Bottom Tank
Laden condition:
Light weight of the vessel
Loaded condition:
Items of deadweight
Weight in tones
w
Deadweight moment
wh
12.5 A
Cargo hold 1
Cargo hold 2
Fuel oil
Fresh water
Water ballast in
double bottom
Water ballast in
double bottom
APT
FPT
Displacement at
loaded condition
Moment
w h
w h
w
Find the following parameters from hydrostatic curves of your vessel at loaded condition,
Mean draught, dm =
LCB
LCF
MCT 1 cm
x
Change of trim
( LCG LCB)
MCT 1 cm
WW
LL
WF
change of trim
L
FL
change of trim
L
Mean draught
Change in draught
Final draught
WW
d m WW
LL
d m LL
Laden condition
Length of the vessel
TPI
LCF
MCT 1 cm
=
=
=
=
Trim Table
Items of dead weight
Weight added
Change of
trim
Cargo hold 1
Cargo hold 2
Fuel oil
Fresh water
Water ballast in double
bottom
Water ballast in double
bottom
APT
FPT
Mean draft
Change of draft
A
F