The 1850s
The 1850s
Road to Secession
3.
4.
Secession! Peaceable
secessionThere can be no such thing
as peaceable secession
Daniel Webster, 1850
Winfield Scott,
Whig
2.
Stephen A.
Douglas:
Storm Chaser
Douglas:
1. What principle should regulate the domestic institutions of a people and
what policy should not govern these domestic institutions?
2. What does Douglas call the leading feature of the Compromise of 1850?
3. What did the Compromise of 1850 do to the Missouri Compromise line of
3630?
4. Regarding congressional action towards slavery in federal territories, what
does Douglas say the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act has in common with the
Compromise of 1850 measures?
5. What caused the spread of freedom in the U.S., and what did not promote the
spread of freedom?
6. Why did Douglas change his mind regarding the usefulness of the Missouri
Compromise?
Lincoln
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What reasons does Lincoln give for hating the principle of popular sovereignty,
which permits slavery wherever men can be found inclined to take it?
How does Lincolns belief in the Declaration of Independence lead him to
reject self-interest as the sole principle of political action?
Why does declared indifference equal covert real zeal for the spread of
slavery? In other words, why does Lincoln believe that congressional
neutrality towards slavery actually furthers the spread of slavery?
How does Lincoln define despotism?
Why does Lincoln believe it is wrong to enslave black people? (Hint: What
does he mean by my ancient faith and why does it prohibit slavery?)
What political principle is the sheet anchor of American republicanism?
What is the difference between slavery tolerated because of necessity and
slavery affirmed as a moral right?
Bleeding Kansas
Settlers from both North and South
flocked to the territory
Border Ruffians from Missouri (a slave
state) crossed over pushing the tide toward
pro-slavery candidates
Pro-slavery government established in
Lecompton
Anti-slavery government established in
Lawrence
Political Upheaval
The Kansas-Nebraska Act marked the
death of the Whig Party
Alternatives?
Free-Soilers opposed expansion of
slavery and advocated for free land in
the West
The American Party (KnowNothings)
Nativist
Anti-Catholic
Anti-immigrant
Northern Whigs
Northern Democrats
Free-Soilers
Know Nothings
Other opponents of the KansasNebraska Act
John C. Fremont,
Republican
Millard Fillmore,
Whig/American
Abraham Lincoln
John Brown
In randomly assigned
groups, Read the document
on John Brown and answer
the guided questions in 2-3
complete sentences each.
Academic
Pick up a text book and use
page 328.
In randomly assigned
groups, examine the picture
of John Brown, read each
quote and explain how
accurately, then read the
historical background and
respond to questions 3-6
ELECTION OF 1860
With your table of cohorts, you will be given the
platform of each party in 1860. Your job is to:
- Work cooperatively
- Read and discuss the platform of each party
- Fill in the chart
- Then read the statements below the chart and
pick the correct party that the voter would have
voted for.
- YOU WILL HAVE 20 MINUTES
Northern
Democrat
Party
Major
Positions
Abide by the
decisions of the
Supreme Court
(Dred Scott)
Protect rights of
immigrants
Build a
transcontinental RR
Acquire Cuba
Enforce the Fugitive
Slave Act
Enforce laws in the
territories
Southern
Democrat
Candidate
Stephen Douglas
Where
was the
support?
(Regions/
Missouri, half of
Marylands votes
Protect
slaveholders in the
territories and
recognize territorial
governments even
if they include
slavery
Acquire Cuba from
Spain
Uphold the Fugitive
Slave Act
Protect immigrant
rights
Build a
transcontinental RR
John C.
Breckinridge
Southern States
Constitutional
Union
Recognize the
Constitution
Enforce the laws
Restore peace and
rights of the people
and states
Place the
government in
good standing with
the people
Republican
Opposed disunion
Non-extension of
slavery into the
territories
Kansas admitted as
a free state
Raise the tariff
Support of the
Homestead Act
(free lands in the
West)
Support immigrant
rights
Promote internal
trade
(transcontinental
RR)
John C. Bell
Abraham Lincoln
Some southern
states Virginia,
Kentucky,
Tennessee
Northern States;
The West
Branch of
Government
President
Republican
House (Congress)
Republican
Senate (Congress)
Republican
Supreme Court
Democraticfor now
Secession Begins
Northern Responses
Buchanan denounced secession as unconstitutional, but said it
couldnt be stopped by force
Blamed it on Republicans refusal to compromise
Called for obedience to Fugitive Slave law, amendment to
protect slavery & annexation of Cuba
Lincoln said revolution was only a moral right when exercised for
a morally justifiable cause
Refused calls to compromise on slavery
Rejected proposals to let the seceding states leave the Union
Refused to give up federal powers over military forts in South
(which CSA needed to become a nation)
Radical Republicans preferred peaceful separation to any further
compromises
Fort Sumter
When the southern states seceded, they seized the federal forts
and arsenals within their borders.
Only four forts remained under Union control, the most
important was Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina
Lincolns dilemma: Should he try to resupply the fort? Or should
he let the Confederates take it?
He decided to send food to Fort Sumter, because the troops
desperately needed food, but no arms.
South Carolinians were suspicious of Lincoln's motives and
ordered the Fort Sumter troops to surrender to the
Confederacy.
The Union troops refused, so the Confederates fired on the fort.
Union troops run out of ammunition and surrender