1968 Building Code v1
1968 Building Code v1
Martha K. Hirst
Commissioner
Department of Citywide Administrative Services
Title Page
Special Acknowledgement:
Assistant Deputy Commissioner, James P. Colgate, RA, Esq.
311 or 212-NEW-YORK
NYC.gov/citystore
revision: July 1, 2008
Title Page
Preface
MICHAEL R. BLOOMBERG
MAYOR
ROBERT D. LiMANDRI
Commissioner
PREFACE
This revision brings the 1968 Building Code current to
July 1, 2008.
When enacted by the City Council on October 22, 1968,
the 1968 Building Code was hailed as a great
improvement over the anachronistic 1938 Building Code
and included what was then the latest thinking in
building code science, incorporating advances in
technology and construction that had been made
following the Second World War. Over the years, the
Council amended the 1968 Building Code to address
certain changes as needed; however, the 1968 Building
Code never enjoyed a complete overhaul, gradually
falling behind and becoming increasingly outdated. By
the turn of the 21st Century, the 1968 Building Code had
become an antiquated, complicated tangle of provisions.
In 2003, the Department of Buildings began a multi-year
effort to replace the 1968 Building Code, culminating
with Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's signing of Local
Law 33 of 2007. The result was the 2008 New York City
Construction Codes, which replaced the 1968 Building
Code with a new set of codes that increases public
Robert D. LiMandri
Commissioner
Preface
EDITOR'S NOTE:
For further information, readers may wish to refer to the
published series of the Department of Buildings
Directives and Memorandums, which are available at
CityStore (NYC.gov/citystore) or visit the Department of
Buildings website at NYC.gov/buildings for the latest
policy and procedure notices.
The legislature enacted, effective September 1, 1986,
Chapter 839 of the state laws of 1986, which made
certain technical corrections and changes to the
recodification.
Within the Reference Standards Appendix of this
volume are references to specific sections in the
Building Code.
Standards enacted prior to the
recodification of the Building Code refer to the code
using the old section numbers. Editorial notes pointing
out discrepancies between the former code and the
recodified version not specifically indicated as changes,
or references to laws that have amended the code since
recodification, are indicated with asterisks and
corresponding footnotes in bold italics at the following
the section. Obvious errors (such as misspellings) are
corrected and noted within the text with a [sic] following
the particular word.
Page Setup:
Where text is interrupted by a table, left column above
the table will continue unto the right column above the
table. Text below the table will follow the same pattern.
II
Preface
IIa
Preface
IIb
Preface
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume I
SUBCHAPTER 4- Regulation Of Outdoor Signs
Article
1 Maintenance Permit for Outdoor Signs
2
Article
1
General Provisions
2
Welder License
Definitions
Building Limitations
Means of Egress
Rigger License
Places of Assembly
10
Loads
11
10
Structural Work
11
Foundations
12
13
Permits
Fees
14
Inspections
15
Certificates of Occupancy
16
17
18
19
10
Miscellaneous Provisions
INDEX
Title 26, Chapter 1
Title 27, Chapter 1
Note: Strikethrough indicates repeal of text as per Local Law 33-2007
(See Title 28 of Administrative Code for new provisions)
III
Preface
IV
Amendments
[5.0] [7.0]
[8.0]
[9.0] [10.0(b)]
[10.0(c)]
[11.0]
105 111
(Repealed)
112
(Repealed)
113 117
118
(Repealed)
119 121
(Repealed)
122
(Repealed)
123 124(b)
(Repealed)
124(c)
(Repealed)
125
(Repealed)
[11.0(b)]
125(b)
(Repealed)
[11.0(c)]
125(c)
(Repealed)
125(e)
(Repealed)
125(g)
(Repealed)
[11.0(e)]
[11.0(g)]
[12.0(a)(b)(c)]
[12.0(d)]
125.1
(Repealed)
126(a)(b)(c)
(Repealed)
126(d)
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007
33-2007;
91-1989;
45-1984
33-2007
33-2007;
107-1993
33-2007
33-2007;
48-2006;
48-1983;
45-1983
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
[12.0(e)]
126(e)
(Repealed)
[12.1(a)]
126.1(a)
(Repealed)
[12.1(a)(e)]
126.1(a)(e)
(Repealed)
[12.1(a)(f)]
[12.1(b)(c)(d)]
[12.2(a)(f)(g)(h)(i)
(j)(k)]
[12.2(b)(c)(d)(e)]
33-2007
[12.2(f)]
33-2007;
17-1982
[12.3]
33-2007
33-2007;
107-1993
33-2007;
65-1997;
62-1991;
80-1985;
17-1982
33-2007;
80-1985;
17-1982
33-2007;
16-1984
33-2007;
27-1996
33-2007;
77-2005;
35-2004;
44-2003
33-2007;
99-1991
[12.4 (10)]
33-2007
33-2007;
77-2005;
35-2004;
44-2003
[12.5]
[13.0]
[14.0]
[644-1.0] [2.0]
[B26-1.0]
[1.1]
[1.2]
126.1(a)(f)
(Repealed)
126.1(b)(c)(d)
126.2(a)(f)(g)(h)
(i)(j)(k)
(Repealed)
126.2(b)(c)(d)(e)
(Repealed)
126.2(f)
(Repealed)
126.3
(Repealed)
126.4(1) (9)
(Repealed)
126.4(10)
(Repealed)
126.5
(Repealed)
127
(Repealed)
127.1
(Repealed)
127.2
(Repealed)
127.3
(Repealed)
127.3(g)
(Repealed)
128
(Repealed)
129 130
(Repealed)
131
(Repealed)
132
(Repealed)
133
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
37-2007
33-2007;
03-1998
33-2007;
65-1997;
80-1985
33-2007;
37-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
03-1998;
80-1985
33-2007
33-2007;
02-2000
33-2007;
80-1985
33-2007
14-2001;
03-1998;
80-1985
33-2007
33-2007;
23-1990
33-2007;
23-1990
33-2007;
06-1993
33-2007;
14-2001
33-2007;
31-2005
33-2007;
25-1984
33-2007
33-2007;
45-1969
33-2007
33-2007;
55-1989;
63-1970
449
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
[1.3]
134
(Repealed)
[1.4] [1.5]
[1.6]
[1.7]
[1.8]
[1.9]
[2.0] - [2.3]
[2.0(e)]
[2.0(h)(1)]
[2.4]
[2.5]
135 136
(Repealed)
137
(Repealed)
138
(Repealed)
139
(Repealed)
140
(Repealed)
141 144
(Repealed)
141(e)
(Repealed)
141(h)(1)
(Repealed)
145
(Repealed)
146
(Repealed)
[2.6]
147
(Repealed)
[2.6(a)(b)]
147(a)(b)
(Repealed)
148
(Repealed)
[2.7]
[2.8]
149
(Repealed)
[2.9]
150
(Repealed)
150(a)
(Repealed)
150.1
(Repealed)
151 153
(Repealed)
[2.9(a)]
[2.10] [2.12]
[3.0] [3.1]
[3.2]
[3.3]
153.1
(Repealed)
154 155
(Repealed)
156
(Repealed)
157
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
59-1996;
61-1970
33-2007
33-2007;
36-2007;
51-2001;
91-1981
33-2007;
55-1989;
79-1981
33-2007;
73-1969
33-2007
33-2007;
55-1989;
79-1981
33-2007;
10-1999
33-2007;
10-1999
33-2007;
79-1981
33-2007;
55-1989;
79-1981
33-2007;
55-1989;
91-1981
33-2007;
51-2001
33-2007;
55-1989;
79-1981
33-2007;
55-1989;
79-1981
33-2007;
55-1989
33-2007;
51-2001
33-2007;
51-2001
33-2007;
55-1989;
79-1981
33-2007;
55-1989
33-2007
33-2007;
61-1970
33-2007;
45-1969
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
[3.4]
158
(Repealed)
[4.0]
159
(Repealed)
[4.1]
160
(Repealed)
[4.2] [4.4]
161 163
(Repealed)
[4.3(a)(1)]
162(a)(1)
(Repealed)
[4.5] [4.6]
164 165
(Repealed)
[5.0]
166
(Repealed)
[5.1] [5.2]
167 168
(Repealed)
[5.3]
169
(Repealed)
[5.4]
170
(Repealed)
[5.5]
171
(Repealed)
[6.0]
172
(Repealed)
[6.1] [6.7]
173 179
(Repealed)
[6.8]
180
(Repealed)
[6.9(a)(b)]
181(a)(b)
(Repealed)
[6.9(c)]
181(c)
(Repealed)
181.1
(Repealed)
[7.0] [7.1]
182 183
(Repealed)
[7.2]
184
(Repealed)
[7.3] [7.7]
185 189
(Repealed)
[7.8]
190
(Repealed)
[7.9(a)(b)]
191(a)(b)
(Repealed)
[7.9(c)]
191(c)
(Repealed)
[8.0] [8.5]
192 197
(Repealed)
[8.6]
198
(Repealed)
[8.7]
199
(Repealed)
[9.0] [9.1]
200 201
(Repealed)
[9.2]
202
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007
33-2007;
61-1970
33-2007
33-2007;
61-1970
33-2007;
108-1993
33-2007
33-2007;
73-1969
33-2007
33-2007;
73-1969
33-2007;
91-1981
33-2007;
73-1969
33-2007;
45-1983
33-2007
33-2007;
91-1981
33-2007;
33-2007;
63-1970
33-2007;
18-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
63-1970
33-2007
33-2007;
91-1981
33-2007
33-2007;
63-1970
33-2007
33-2007;
91-1981
33-2007;
63-1970
33-2007
33-2007;
61-1970
450
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
[9.3]
203
(Repealed)
[9.4]
204
(Repealed)
204.1(a)(b)(e)
(Repealed)
204.1(c)(d)
(Repealed)
204.2
(Repealed)
204.3
(Repealed)
204.4
(Repealed)
Article 10 of Subchapter 2
(Repealed)
Article 11 of Subchapter 2
(Repealed)
[C26-10.0] [22.0] 26-205 209
(Repealed)
[30.0]
210
(Repealed)
[31.0]
211
(Repealed)
[32.0]
[32.0(2)(5)]
[32.0(2)(5)(7)(a)]
[33.0]
[33.0(b)(c)]
[34.0]
[34.0(a)(14)]
212
(Repealed)
212(2)(5)
(Repealed)
212(2)(5)(7)(a)
(Repealed)
212.1
(Repealed)
212.4
(Repealed)
213
(Repealed)
213(b)(c)
(Repealed)
214
(Repealed)
214(a)(14)
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
91-1981
33-2007;
65-1990
33-2007
33-2007;
24-2008
33-2007;
24-2008
33-2007;
24-2008
33-2007;
24-2008
33-2007;
52-2005
33-2007;
36-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
05-1976
33-2007;
38-1990;
91-1981
33-2007;
56-1993;
38-1990;
40-1987;
35-1984;
91-1981
33-2007;
109-1993
33-2007;
107-1993
33-2007;
48-2006
58-1988
50-1988
33-2007;
62-1991;
48-1991;
91-1981
33-2007;
40-1987
33-2007;
53-1993;
72-1991;
54-1991;
38-1990;
25-1984
33-2007;
53-1993
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
[34.1]
214.1
(Repealed)
[35.0]
215
(Repealed)
[40.0] [82.0]
216 239
(Repealed)
240
(Repealed)
[82.5]
[83.0] [83.5]
[84.0]
[84.0(b)]
[84.0(c)(d)]
[Article 8-A]
[84.5] [85]
[85.5]
[85.5(a)(4)]
[86.0]
[86.5]
[86.5(f)]
[86.5(g)]
[86.5(g)(3)]
[86.5(g)(4)]
[86.5(g)(6)]
[86.5(i)]
[86.5(j)]
[86.5(k)]
[87.0]
[87.5]
[91.0]
241 242
(Repealed)
243(a)
(Repealed)
243(b)
(Repealed)
243(c)(d)
(Repealed)
Article 9
(Repealed)
244 245
(Repealed)
246
(Repealed)
246(a)(4)
(Repealed)
247
(Repealed)
248
(Repealed)
248(f)
(Repealed)
248(g)
(Repealed)
248(g)(3)
(Repealed)
248(g)(4)
(Repealed)
248(g)(6)
(Repealed)
248(i)
(Repealed)
248(j)
(Repealed)
248(k)
(Repealed)
249
(Repealed)
250
(Repealed)
251
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
55-1991;
34-1988;
76-1985
33-2007;
38-1990;
25-1984
33-2007
33-2007;
59-1996;
05-1972
33-2007
33-2007;
14-1989;
05-1986
33-2007;
59-1996
33-2007
33-2007;
39-1972
33-2007
33-2007;
41-1978
33-2007;
17-1982
33-2007
33-2007;
33-1991;
17-1982
33-2007;
10-1981
33-2007;
16-1984;
17-1982
33-2007;
87-2005
33-2007;
26-2004
33-2007;
36-2007
33-2007;
87-2005
33-2007;
47-2006
33-2007;
48-2006
33-2007;
23-1990
33-2007;
39-1972
33-2007
451
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
[92.0]
252
(Repealed)
[92.0(a)]
252(a)
(Repealed)
252.1
(Repealed)
Art.1 & 2 of Subchapter 4
(Repealed)
253
(Repealed)
253(a)(b)
(Repealed)
254
(Repealed)
255 257
(Repealed)
258
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
33-1991;
45-1969
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
259(a)(b)(c)(d)
(Repealed)
259(e)(f)
(Repealed)
260(a)
(Repealed)
260(b)(c)(d)
(Repealed)
33-2007;
93-1996
33-2007;
87-2005
33-2007;
14-2001
261(a)
(Repealed)
33-2007
33-2007;
31-2005;
14-2001
33-2007;
31-2005;
14-2001
261(b)
(Repealed)
262(a)(b)(c)(e)
(Repealed)
262(d)
(Repealed)
33-2007
33-2007;
31-2005;
14-2001
263
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
31-2005;
14-2001
33-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
31-2005;
14-2001
33-2007;
31-2005;
14-2001
33-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
31-2005;
14-2001
33-2007
Old Section
Number
[100.1]
[100.3]
[100.6]
[103.0]
[103.0(e)]
[103.0(h)]
[103.2]
[103.3]
[103.4]
[103.6]
[103.7]
[103.8]
[103.9]
[104.1]
[104.2]
[104.3(a)(b)]
New Section
Number
27-101
103
106
(Repealed)
114
114(e)
114(h)
116
117
118
118.1(a)(b)
(Repealed)
120
121
122
123
123.1
123.2
123.3
124
(Repealed)
125
(Repealed)
126(a)(b)
Item Amended
Local
Law(s)
33-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
32-2004;
41-1978
16-1984
45-1984
32-2004
06-1974
06-1974
16-1984
33-2007;
37-2007;
65-1997
61-1969
06-1974
72-1977
79-1979
58-1987
10-1999
33-2007
Old Section
Number
[105.1]
[105.2]
[105.3]
[105.3(a)]
[106.1]
[106.2]
[106.3]
[106.3(a)]
[106.4]
[107.1]
33-2007
[107.2]
33-2007
[107.3]
33-2007;
New Section
Number
(Repealed)
127
(Repealed)
128
(Repealed)
129
(Repealed)
129(a)
(Repealed)
130
(Repealed)
131
(Repealed)
131.1
132
(Repealed)
132(a)
(Repealed)
133
(Repealed)
134
(Repealed)
135
(Repealed)
136
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
51-2001
33-2007
33-2007
11-1998;
10-1980
33-2007
38-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
49-1991
49-1991
33-2007
33-2007;
77-1972
33-2007
33-2007;
39-1972
33-2007
33-2007
452
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
Number
[107.4]
[108.1]
[108.2]
[108.2(2)]
[108.3]
[108.4]
[108.5]
[108.6]
[108.7]
[108.8] [108.9]
[109.1]
[109.2]
[109.3]
[109.4]
[109.5] [109.6]
[109.7]
[109.8] [110.1]
[110.2]
[110.2(c)(3),(4)]
[110.2(c)(4)]
[110.3]
[110.4]
New Section
Number
137
(Repealed)
138
(Repealed)
139
(Repealed)
139(2)
(Repealed)
140
(Repealed)
140.1
(Repealed)
141
(Repealed)
142
(Repealed)
143
(Repealed)
143.1
(Repealed)
143.2(a-h)
(Repealed)
144
(Repealed)
145 146
(Repealed)
147
(Repealed)
148
(Repealed)
149
(Repealed)
150
(Repealed)
151 152
(Repealed)
153
(Repealed)
154 156
(Repealed)
157
(Repealed)
157(c)(3),(4)
(Repealed)
157(c)(4)
(Repealed)
158
(Repealed)
159
(Repealed)
Item Amended
Local
Law(s)
33-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
85-1973
33-2007;
22-2002;
65-1996
33-2007;
72-1991
33-2007;
72-1991
33-2007
33-2007;
30-1970
33-2007
Old Section
Number
[110.5]
New Section
Number
160
(Repealed)
[110.5(a)]
160(a)
(Repealed)
161
(Repealed)
162
(Repealed)
163 164
(Repealed)
165
(Repealed)
166
(Repealed)
167
(Repealed)
168
(Repealed)
169
(Repealed)
170
(Repealed)
171
(Repealed)
172 174
(Repealed)
175
(Repealed)
175(a)
(Repealed)
[111.1]
[111.2]
[112.1] [112.2]
[112.3]
[112.4]
[113.1]
[113.2]
33-2007;
03-2007
33-2007;
04-2007
33-2007;
19-1983;
76-1985
[113.3]
33-2007
[114.4]
33-2007;
24-2007;
39-1972
[114.4(a)]
33-2007
[114.4(b)]
33-2007;
107-1993
33-2007;
76-1985
[113.4]
[113.5]
[114.1] [114.3]
[114.5]
[115.1]
33-2007
[115.1]
33-2007;
107-1993
[115.2]
33-2007
[115.3]
33-2007
[116.1]
33-2007;
85-1973
33-2007;
22-2002;
65-1996
33-2007;
33-1988
33-2007
[116.2]
[116.3]
[116.3(g)(h)]
[116.4] [116.5]
175(b)
(Repealed)
176
(Repealed)
177
(Repealed)
177 & footnote
(Repealed)
178
(Repealed)
179
(Repealed)
180
(Repealed)
181
(Repealed)
182
(Repealed)
182(g)(h)
(Repealed)
183 - 184
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
103-1989;
07-1974
33-2007;
65-1996
33-2007
33-2007;
103-1989
33-2007
33-2007;
65-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
19-1983
33-2007;
30-1970
33-2007;
65-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
73-1982
33-2007
33-2007;
06-1997
33-2007;
51-2001;
30-1982
33-2007;
51-2001
33-2007
33-2007;
14-2001
33-2007;
31-2005
33-2007;
59-1996
33-2007;
63-1970
33-2007;
107-1993
33-2007
33-2007;
06-1997
33-2007;
107-1993
33-2007
453
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
Number
[116.5(d)(1)]
[117.1] [117.6]
[118.1]
[118.2] [118.4]
[118.5]
[118.6]
[118.7]
[118.8]
[118.9]
[118.10]
[119.1] [119.5]
[119.6]
[120.1] [120.3]
[120.4]
[120.5]
[120.6] [120.8]
[121.1]
[121.2]
[121.2(b)]
[121.2(c)]
[121.3]
[121.4]
New Section
Number
184(d)(1)
(Repealed)
184.1
(Repealed)
185 190
(Repealed)
191
(Repealed)
191.1
(Repealed)
192 194
(Repealed)
195
(Repealed)
196
(Repealed)
197
(Repealed)
198
(Repealed)
198.1
(Repealed)
198.2
(Repealed)
198.3
(Repealed)
199 203
(Repealed)
204
(Repealed)
205 207
(Repealed)
208
(Repealed)
209
(Repealed)
210 212
(Repealed)
213
(Repealed)
214
(Repealed)
214(b)
(Repealed)
214(c)
(Repealed)
215
(Repealed)
216
(Repealed)
Item Amended
Local
Law(s)
33-2007;
32-2004
33-2007;
06-1997
33-2007
33-2007;
19-1983
33-2007;
28-2005
33-2007
33-2007;
77-1972
33-2007;
38-1990;
33-1988
33-2007;
11-1988
33-2007;
19-1983
33-2007;
76-1985
33-2007;
59-1985
33-2007;
09-1987
33-2007
Old Section
Number
[121.5]
[121.6]
[121.7]
[121.8] [121.9]
[121.10]
[121.10(b)]
[121.11]
[121.12]
[122.1] [122.2]
[123.1]
[123.2]
[124.1]
[124.2] [124.4]
[125.1]
33-2007;
65-1996;
70-1980
220 221
(Repealed)
222
(Repealed)
222(b)
(Repealed)
223
(Repealed)
224
(Repealed)
225 226
(Repealed)
227
(Repealed)
228
(Repealed)
228.1
(Repealed)
228.2 228.4
(Repealed)
228.5
228.6
(Repealed)
228.7
(Repealed)
33-2007
33-2007;
39-1972
33-2007;
39-1972
New Section
Number
217
(Repealed)
218
(Repealed)
219
(Repealed)
[C26-201.0]
228.8 228.16
(Repealed)
27-232
33-2007
33-2007;
91-1989;
70-1980
33-2007;
70-1980
33-2007;
65-1996
33-2007;
16-1984
33-2007
33-2007;
14-1989
Amended Definitions
Accessible
Accessible Route
Adaptable Dwelling Units
Area of Refuge
Local
Law(s)
33-2007
33-2007;
12-1993
33-2007;
65-1996;
103-1989;
07-1974
33-2007
33-2007;
73-1988
33-2007;
16-1984
33-2007
33-2007;
45-1969
33-2007
33-2007;
45-1983
33-2007
33-2007;
16-1984
33-2007
26-2004;
16-1984
33-2007;
107-1993
33-2007;
109-1993
107-1993
33-2007;
107-1993
22-2002;
27-1998;
107-1993;
49-1991;
58-1987;
16-1984;
30-1982;
41-1978;
28-1975;
80-1972;
39-1972;
05-1971;
73-1969
58-1987
58-1987
58-1987
39-1972
454
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
New Section
Number
Number
Collecting Safe Area; Dead End;
Exit; Family; Fire Area
Existing Office Building
Gas Meter Piping
Gas Meter Service
Non-Combustible
Definitions Added
Atrium
Cabaret
Elevator Vestibule
Existing Building
Existing High Rise Building
Exit
Fire Protection Plan
Fire Safety Plan
Gas Service Line Valve
Gas Service Piping
Group Home
High Rise
Low Rise
Mall
Office Building
Outside Gas Service Line Valve
Physical Disablility
Place of Assembly
Primary Entrances
Public Areas
Smoke Barriers
Stage
Usable Dwelling Units
Valve
[300.2]
[301.3]
[302.1(a)]
[302.2]
Table 3-2
27-235
239
243(a)
244
Table 3-4
281
288
291
Item Amended
Local
Law(s)
Old Section
Number
39-1972
05-1973
30-1982
30-1982
80-1972
16-1984
41-1978
26-2004;
16-1984
16-1984
16-1984
26-2004
16-1984
16-1984
30-1982
30-1982
28-1975
16-1984
16-1984
16-1984
26-2004
16-1984
58-1987
23-1990
58-1987
16-1984
26-2004;
16-1984
41-1978
58-1987
16-1984
39-1972
39-1972
30-1982
61-1969
30-1982;
39-1972
50-1976;
06-1972;
54-1970;
61-1969
26-2004
61-1969
23-1990
16-1984
39-1972
77-1988;
39-1972
12-1993
13-1975
58-1987
New Section
Number
291.1 292.5
292.6
[403.1]
[403.2(a)]
[404.1]
[406.2]
[407.2]
292.7 292.20
296
297(a)
299
306
308
309 312
313(e)(f)
315
Table 4-1
Table 4-2
[409.0]
[409.1]
[409.2]
Article 10
316
316.1
317
[409.3]
[409.4]
317.1
317.2
[502.2(f)]
[502.2(g)]
[502.5]
324(f)
324(g)
327
[503.1(f)]
[503.2(f)]
[503.3]
331(f)
332(f)
333
335.1
[503.5(d)(2), (3)]
338(d)(2), (3)
[503.8(i)]
338(i)
[504.1(c)]
339(c)
[504.1(c)(6)(7)]
339(c)(6)(7)
[504.5]
343
[504.5(d)]
343(d)
Table 5-1
[504.6]
[504.7]
344
345
[504.10(c)(1)]
[504.12]
[504.12(a)]
[504.13(d)]
[504.14]
[504.15]
348(c)(1)
350
350(a)
351(d)
352 (repealed)
353
Local
Law(s)
58-1987
65-1988;
58-1987
58-1987
61-1969
52-1975
61-1969
05-1971
58-1987;
83-1973
83-1973
08-1974
104-1993;
54-1970
10-1999;
45-1984;
16-1984
45-1984;
16-1984
13-1975
33-1988
33-1988
58-1983;
33-1988
14-1989
14-1989;
33-1988;
58-1983
55-1976
26-2004
16-1984;
39-1972
39-1972
13-1987
13-1987;
39-1972
13-1987
39-1972
45-1984
16-1984
86-1979
16-1984
26-2004
39-1972;
61-1969
84-1979
16-1984;
16-1987
16-1984
39-1972
59-1996
16-1984
80-1989
05-1973
455
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
Number
[504.15(c)]
New Section
Number
353(c)
[504.16]
353.1
353.2
353.3
Table 5-2 & Footnotes
[C26-600.1]
[600.3]
[601.1(d)]
354
356
357(d)
365
365(b)
366
[603.2(2)]
[603.2(3)]
[603.3]
[604.1]
366(2)
366(3)
367
368
[604.2]
[604.2(g)(3)]
[604.2(h)]
369
369(g)(3)
369(h)
[604.2(i)]
[604.3(h)(3)]
369(i)
370(h)(3)
[604.3(h)(4)]
[604.4(b)]
370(h)(4)
371(b)
[604.4(c)]
371(c)
[604.4(e)]
371(e)
[604.4(g)]
[604.4(j)(1)(b)]
371(g)
371(j)(1)(b)
[604.4(j)(2)]
371(j)(2)
[604.5(d)]
[604.8(b)]
372(d)
375(b)
[604.8(g)]
[604.8(h)]
375(g)
375(h)
[604.8(i)]
[604.8(i)(a)]
375(i)
375(i)(a)
Item Amended
Local
Law(s)
86-1979;
26-1975;
05-1973
16-1984
26-2004
26-2004
39-1972;
61-1969
05-1973
54-1970
58-1987;
39-1972
54-1970
32-1971
16-1984
26-2004;
16-1984
61-1969
61-1969
32-1971;
61-1969
32-1971
16-1984
16-1984
16-1984;
28-1975
16-1984
65-1980
70-1981;
61-1969
21-1972
21-1972;
54-1970
49-1975
81-1973;
21-1971
26-2004;
16-1984
58-1987;
48-1971
49-1975
14-1993;
05-1973;
54-1970
08-1971;
61-1969
39-1972
28-1975;
54-1970
39-1972
28-1975;
05-1971
61-1969
61-1969
Old Section
Number
[604.8(i)(1)(b)]
New Section
Number
375(i)(1)(b)
[604.8(i)(1)(e)(f)]
[604.8(i)(1)(g)]
375(i)(1)(e)(f)
375(i)(1)(g)
[604.8(i)(2)]
[604.8(i)(4)]
[604.8(i)(6)]
[604.8(j)]
[604.8(k)]
375(i)(2)
375(i)(4)
375(i)(6)
375(j)
375(k)
376.1
377(c)
[604.10(c)]
Table 6-4
[604.13]
380
[605.1(a)(e)]
381(a)(e)
[605.1(d)]
381(d)
[605.1(e)(1)]
381(e)(1)
[605.2]
382
[605.2(a)]
382(a)
Article 7 of Subchapter 6 (Title)
[606.1]
383
[606.2]
[606.2(a)]
[606.2(c)]
[606.3]
[607.1]
383.1
384
384(a)
384(c)
385
388
[608.1]
390
[608.2]
[608.3]
[608.4]
[608.5]
[608.6]
[608.7]
391
392
393
394
395
396
Article 10
Article 11
27-405
423
440
[709.6]
455
459.1
472.1
481
483
[712.3]
[713.0 (repealed)]
[714.1]
[714.6]
488
493
493.1
Article 17-A of Subchapter 7
Local
Law(s)
28-1975;
05-1971
50-1971
08-1976;
50-1971
54-1970
61-1969
26-2004
31-1981
61-1969
26-2004
58-1987
39-1972
28-1975
16-1984
39-1972
59-1996
16-1984
59-1996
26-2004;
26-2004;
61-1969
26-2004
16-1984
59-1996
26-2004
61-1969
50-1973;
39-1972
16-1984;
05-1973
05-1973
05-1973
05-1973
45-1984
05-1973
16-1984;
05-1973
16-1984
16-1984
39-1972
39-1972
68-1999;
70-1969
82-1973
58-1987
58-1987
103-1989
58-1987
16-1984
06-1969
06-1969
58-1987
03-1998
456
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
Number
Local
Law(s)
02-2000;
03-1998
508.7
10-1988
[717.1]
509
39-1972
[718.5(b)(1)]
514(b)(1)
39-1972
[719.1] [719.4]
518 521
54-1970
[720.1] [719.9]
Article 21
16-1984
[721.1] [719.7]
Article 22
16-1984
[C26-800.1]
27-522
23-1990
[800.3]
524
39-1972
[801.1]
525
39-1972
525.1
23-1990
525.1(e)(f)(g)(h)(i) 35-2006
[801.7(a)(5)]
531(a)(5)
39-1972
[801.7(a)(1)(h)]
531(a)(1)(h)
58-1987
[801.9]
533
39-1972
[801.17]
541
41-1978
[801.18]
542
41-1978
[802.2(b)(7)(b), (7)(d)] 546(b)(7)(b), (7)(d) 39-1972
[802.2(b)(8)(b)]
546(b)(8)(b)
39-1972
[802.2(9)]
546(9)
41-1978
[802.3(b)(2)(d)]
547(b)(2)(d)
41-1978
[804.1(a)(3)]
549(a)(3)
41-1978
[804.1(b)]
549(b)
41-1978
[C26-900.1]
27-550
13-1975;
76-1968
[904.0(a)(b)]
569(a)(b)
17-1995
[C26-1000.1]
27-580
13-1975
Table 10-2
17-1995
[1001.4]
594
17-1995
[1002.4(b)]
599(b)
51-1976
[1004.1]
603
65-1990
[1004.3]
605
65-1990
[1004.3(b)]
605(b)
39-1972
[1004.3(c)]
605(c)
62-1971
Table 10-3
65-1990
Table 10-3A
65-1990
[1004.4]
606
65-1990
[1004.5]
607
65-1990
[1004.5(a)(1)(2)]
607(a)(1)(2)
39-1972
[1004.6]
608
65-1990
[1004.7]
609
65-1990
611.1
65-1990
[1004.10]
612
65-1990
[1004.11]
613
65-1990
613.1, .2
65-1990
[1005.1(c)]
614(c)
26-2004
[C26-1100.1]
27-652
13-1975
[1101.2(c)]
663(c)
33-1971
[1101.3]
664
33-1971
[1102.3(a)]
670(a)
17-1995
[1106.7(c)(1)]
694(c)(1)
54-1970
[1112.1]
719
33-1971
[1112.2]
720
33-1971
New Section
Number
508.6
Item Amended
Old Section
Number
[C26-1201.1]
[1202.2]
[1202.3]
[1203.5]
[1205.2, .3, .6, .7]
[1206.3(e)]
[1206.3(e)(3)]
[1206.3(f)]
[1207.2]
[1207.5]
[1208.2(a)(1), (b)]
[1208.2(b)(4)]
[1208.3(b)(4)]
[C26-1300.1]
[1300.6(c)]
[1300.7]
[1300.7(d)]
[1300.8]
[1300.8(a)(5)]
[1300.9]
[1301.2(a)]
[1301.4(c)]
New Section
Number
27-731
733
734
739
746, 747, 750, 751
754(e)
754(e)(3)
754(f)
758
761
769(a)(1), (b)
769(b)(4)
770(b)(4)
27-771
776(c)
777
777(d)
777.1
777.1(a)(5)
777.2
779(a)
781(c)
[1304.3]
[C26-1400.1]
[1401.1]
[1401.1(b)]
[1401.1(c)(1)(g)]
786
27-787
793
793(b)
793(c)(1)(g)
826.01
827
830(f)
848.01 - .12
[1416.1]
[1416.4(f)]
Table 14-1
[C26-1500.7]
[1501.1]
[1501.6]
[1501.8]
27-855
856
861
863
863.01
Tables 15-3, 15-5, 15-6, 15-6.1
[1501.9]
864
[1501.12]
867
869.01 - .03
[1502.2]
871
Table 15-8
[1502.5]
874
[1503.1(d)]
875(d)
[1504.1] [1504.3] 879 881
[1504.6]
884
[C26-1600.6(e)]
901(e)
[1600.6(e)(g)]
901(e)(g)
[1600.6(f)]
901(f)
[1600.6(k)]
901(k)
Local
Law(s)
13-1982
61-1969
61-1969
61-1969
61-1969
08-1980
26-2004
26-2004
61-1969
90-1973
38-1972
14-1976
05-1973
13-1975
31-1981
80-1973
35-1975
16-1984
13-1975
16-1984
26-2004
32-2004;
54-1970
54-1970
13-1975
62-1991
10-1976
45-1969
80-1989
70-1969
26-2004
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989;
03-1976
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
10-1976
80-1989
10-1976
04-1976
80-1989
80-1989
65-1996
07-1974
22-2002
104-1993;
103-1989;
456a
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
Number
New Section
Number
[1600.6(l)]
[1600.6(v)]
[1600.6(z)(3)]
[1600.6(aa)]
901(l)
901(v)
901(z)(3)
901(aa)
[1600.7(a)(b)]
[1600.9]
[1600.10]
[1602.1]
902(a)(b)
904
905
909
[1602.2]
[1604.3]
[1605.3]
[1606.1]
[1606.3]
[1606.4]
910
915
918
919
921
922
[1606.4(a)(1)(b)]
922(a)(1)(b)
[1606.4(d)(1)(a)]
922(d)(1)(a)
[1606.4(d)(4)]
922(d)(4)
Article 8 of Subchapter 16
[C26-1700.1]
27-923
[1700.7(a)]
929(a)
[1700.7(c)]
929(c)
929.1
[1701.1(a)(3)]
930(a)(3)
Table 17-2
Table 17-2 (line 4)
[1702.1]
[1702.1(a)(1)]
[1702.1(b)]
[1702.5(a)]
[1702.11(c)]
932
932(a)(1)
932(b)
936(a)
942(c)
[1702.11(c)(5)]
942(c)(5)
[1702.14(b)]
[1702.14(d)]
945(b)
945(d)
[1702.15(b)(3)]
[1702.16(b)(1)]
946(b)(3)
947(b)(1)
[1703.1(c)(d)(1)(e)]
[1703.1(d)]
[1703.1(i)]
954(c)(d)(1)(e)
954(d)
954(i)
[1703.1(j)]
[1703.1(k)(1)]
954(j)
954(k)(1)
[1703.1(l)(1)]
954(l)(1)
[1703.1(m)]
954(m) (r)
Item Amended
Local
Law(s)
07-1974
57-2005
22-2002
31-1981
35-1975
13-1975
17-2001
30-1982
30-1982
65-1996
65-1996
22-2002
39-1972
51-2001
30-1982
18-1992;
30-1982
17-2001
17-2001
17-2001
57-2005
16-1987
16-1984
26-2002
26-2004
53-1970
10-1999;
05-1973
26-2002
39-1972
75-1972
32-1978
39-1972
16-1984;
09-1974
09-1974;
53-1970
16-1984
45-1984;
05-1973
32-2004
10-1999;
16-1984
16-1984
82-1973
45-1984;
05-1973
41-1978
45-1984;
05-1973
10-1999;
05-1973;
61-1969
45-1984;
Old Section
Number
[1703.1(r)]
[1703.1(m)]
[1703.1(s)]
[1703.1(t)]
New Section
Number
[1703.1(w)]
[1703.1(x)]
[1703.1(aa)]
[1703.2]
954(w)
954(x)
954(aa)
955
[1703.3(a)(b)]
[1703.4(a)]
956(a)(b)
957(a)
[1703.6(b)]
959(b)
[1703.6(c)]
[1703.6(5)]
[1703.8(a)]
[1703.9(c)]
[1703.9(e)(4)(6)(8)(9)]
[1703.9(g)(h)(i)]
[1703.9(g)]
[1703.10]
[1703.10(d)]
[1703.12]
[1703.13(a)]
[1703.13(b)]
Table 17-2
1704.1(a)(2)(5)(9)]
[1704.1(10)]
[1704.1(b)]
[1704.3]
[1704.5(e)]
959(c)
959(5)
961(a)
962(c)
962(e)(4)(6)(8)(9)
962(g)(h)(i)
962(g)
963
963(d)
965
966(a)
966(b)
[1704.6(a)(2)]
973(a)(2)
[1704.8]
975
[1705.0]
978
[1705.2]
979
954(m)
954(s)
954(t)
968(a)(2)(5)(9)
968(10)
968(b)
970
972(e)
[1705.4]
981
Article 7 of Subchapter 17
[C26-1800.6]
27-987
[1800.6(c)]
987(c)
[1800.7]
988
[1800.8]
989
[1800.12]
993
Local
Law(s)
05-1973
10-1999
41-1978
10-1999;
16-1984
10-1999
45-1984
26-2002
10-1999;
45-1984;
05-1973
10-1999
10-1999;
45-1984;
05-1973
45-1984;
05-1973
10-1999
10-1999
16-1984
26-2002
10-1999
16-1984
10-1999
10-1999
16-1984
10-1999
16-1984
10-1999
10-1999
16-1984
41-1978
30-1982
16-1984
16-1987;
16-1984
16-1987;
16-1984
16-1987;
16-1984
81-1989;
62-1981
81-1989;
16-1984
49-1991
07-2004
96-1985
26-2004
46-1975;
65-1969
75-1984;
45-1984;
16-1984
48-1975
456b
Amendments
Item Amended
Old Section
Number
[1801.3]
[1801.4]
[1801.5]
[1802.2]
[1802.4]
[1802.4(b)]
[1803.4]
[1804.1]
[C26-1900.1]
[1900.3(c)]
[1900.3(d)]
[1900.4] [1901.1]
[1901.2]
[1901.3(a)]
[1901.3(b)(2)]
[1901.3(b)(3)]
[1901.3(b)(4)]
[1901.3(c)]
[1901.4]
[1901.5]
[1901.5(a)(1)(a)]
[1901.5(a)(5)]
[1901.5(a)(6)]
[1901.5(b)]
[1901.5(g)]
[1901.6]
[1901.6(a)(1)]
New Section
Number
996
996.1
996.2
998
1000
1000(b)
1004
1005
27-1007
1009(b)
(Repealed)
1009(c)
(Repealed)
1009(d)
(Repealed)
1010 1017
(Repealed)
1018
(Repealed)
1019(a)
1019(b)(2)
(Repealed)
1019(b)(3)
(Repealed)
1019(b)(4)
(Repealed)
1019(c)
(Repealed)
1020
(Repealed)
1021
(Repealed)
1021(a)(1)(a)
(Repealed)
1021(a)(5)
(Repealed)
1021(a)(6)
(Repealed)
1021(b)
(Repealed)
1021(g)
(Repealed)
1022
(Repealed)
1022(a)(1)
(Repealed)
Item Amended
Local
Law(s)
29-1973
16-1984
16-1984
48-1991;
96-1985;
10-1981
48-1991
16-1984
39-1993
54-1970
Old Section
Number
[1901.7] [1904.3]
[1904.3(f)(1)]
[1905.1] [1905.2]
[1905.2(a)(4)]
[1905.3] [1905.4]
[1905.4(d)(1)]
33-2007
[1905.4(h)]
33-2007;
30-1978
33-2007;
45-1983
[1905.5] [1906.1]
[1907.1]
33-2007
33-2007;
61-1987
[1907.1(b)(1)]
[1907.1(b)(2)]
33-2007
[1907.2] [1907.4]
33-2007;
71-1977
33-2007;
71-1977
33-2007
33-2007;
45-1983
33-2007;
33-1991
33-2007;
93-1996
33-2007;
45-1983
33-2007;
61-1987
33-2007;
45-1983
33-2007;
61-1987
33-2007;
61-1987
33-2007;
53-1975
[1907.4(b)]
[1907.5] [1907.9]
[1908.1] [1908.3]
[1909.1]
[1909.2]
[1909.3]
[1909.3(a)(5), (b)]
[1909.4]
[1909.4(a)(5)]
[1909.5] [1912.1]
New Section
Number
1023 1035
(Repealed)
1035(f)(1)
(Repealed)
1036 1037
(Repealed)
1037(a)(4)
(Repealed)
1038 1039
(Repealed)
1039(d)(1)
(Repealed)
1039(h)
(Repealed)
1040 1041
(Repealed)
1042
(Repealed)
1042(b)(1)
(Repealed)
1042(b)(2)
(Repealed)
1043 1045
(Repealed)
1045(b)
(Repealed)
1046 1050
(Repealed)
1050.1(a)(b)(c)
(Repealed)
1051 1053
(Repealed)
1054
(Repealed)
1055
(Repealed)
1056
(Repealed)
1056(a)(5), (b)
(Repealed)
1057
(Repealed)
1057(a)(5)
(Repealed)
1058 1069
(Repealed)
Local
Law(s)
33-2007
33-2007;
61-1987
33-2007
33-2007;
73-1980
33-2007
33-2007;
60-1977
33-2007;
16-1984
33-2007
33-2007;
24-2008;
52-2005
33-2007;
24-2008
33-2007;
54-1970
33-2007
33-2007;
16-2007;
53-1975
33-2007
33-2007;
17-2007
33-2007
33-2007;
73-1969
33-2007;
15-1993
33-2007;
73-1969
33-2007;
74-1984
33-2007;
73-1969
33-2007;
50-1973
33-2007
456c
Amendments
27-1026(e)
[C26-1903.1(b)]
27-1031(b)
[643a-10.0(c)(d)]
26-124(c) (d)
27-140.1(d)
26-126.5
[C26-201.0]
27-232
[1205.7]
27-751
26-126.4
(Recodification)
State
Law(s)
Chapter 664
Laws of 2007
Chapter 664
Laws of 2007
Chapter 664
Laws of 2007
Chapter 542
Laws of 2007
Chapter 542
Laws of 2007
Chapter 45
Laws of 2000
Chapter 559
Laws of 1995
Chapter 559
Laws of 1995
Chapter 349
Laws of 1990
Chapter 907
Laws of 1985
Effective
Date(s)
8/28/07
8/28/07
8/28/07
8/15/07
8/15/07
9/4/00
1/1/96
1/1/96
7/2/90
9/1/86
456d
Amendments
Local Law(s)
Board of Standards
and Appeals
RS 2-1 List
13-1987
428-83-BCR; 705-80-BCR;
237-87-BCR; 135-88-BCR;
213-90-BCR
RS 3 List
RS 3-1
RS 3-2
RS 3-3-Definitions:
Group Homes,
Health Centers,
Government operated
39-1972
39-1972
58-1987; 33-1988
RS 4-4
RS 4-6
13-1975; 58-1983;
33-1988
13-1975; 58-1983;
33-1988
58-1987 (Amended)
RS 5 List
16-1984; 13-1987
RS 5-1A,B,C,D,E,F
RS 5-2
RS 5-3
RS 5-4
5/1/99; 6/1/96;
5/17/96; 3/14/96
1341-88-BCR
1341-88-BCR
1341-88-BCR
RS 4 List
RS 4-5
Department of
Buildings Effective Dates
587-76-BCR
587-76-BCR
886-89-BCR
252-82-BCR; 435-85-BCR;
1076-86-BCR; 262-86 BCR;
236-87-BCR; 1343-88-BCR;
242-90-BCR
252-82-BCR; 435-85-BCR;
1076-86-BCR; 262-86-BCR;
236-87-BCR; 242-90-BCR
217-72-BCR; 1343-88-BCR
398-71-BCR; 308-81-BCR;
1343-88-BCR
71-79-BCR; 308-81-BCR;
1343-88-BCR
3/4/01
457
Amendments
458
Amendments
Item Amended
Local Law(s)
RS 5-5
RS 5-6 through 5-8
RS 5-10
RS 5-11
RS 5-12
RS 5-13
RS 5-14
RS 5-16
RS 5-17
RS 5-18
RS 5-18 (5)(6)(7)
RS 5-19
RS 5-20
RS 5-21
Board of Standards
and Appeals
308-81-BCR; 218-72-BCR;
1343-88-BCR
71-79-BCR; 308-81-BCR;
1343-88-BCR
219-72-BCR; 308-81-BCR;
1343-88-BCR
308-81-BCR; 1343-88-BCR
1343-88-BCR
308-81-BCR
308-81-BCR
353-72-BCR (Amended)
5-1973
84-1979
8/26/98
16-1984
16-1984
13-1987
1343-88-BCR
1343-88-BCR
1343-88-BCR
RS 6-1
RS 6-1A
888-80-BCR
888-80-BCR
82-88-BCR
888-80-BCR
RS 8 List
745-80-BCR; 739-86-BCR;
260-86-BCR
739-86-BCR; 260-86-BCR
RS 8-1
RS 9 List
RS 9-2 Notes a,b,c
RS 9-2
RS 9-3
RS 9-4
RS 9-5 (7)
RS 9-6
17-1995
RS-10 List
17-1995; 65-1990
17-1995
39-1972
RS 10-6A
RS 10-7 (Modifications
Paragraph)
RS 10-8
135-88-BCR
9/2/01
135-88-BCR
135-88-BCR
9/2/01
RS 10-5B
RS 10-5C
RS 10-6
3/4/01
5/31/05
5/31/05
RS 7 List
RS 7-1
RS 7-2
RS 7-3 and 7-4
RS 10-1A(1.1)
RS 10-1B
RS 10-2
RS 10-3
RS 10-4
RS 10-5A
Department of
Buildings Effective Dates
17-1995
17-1995
17-1995
17-1995
17-1995
142-80-BCR; 510-79-BCR;
799-79-BCR; 51-80-BCR;
390-80-BCR; 714-80-BCR;
302-73-BCR; 208-85-BCR;
425-81-BCR; 738-86-BCR;
288-84-BCR; 1077-86-BCR;
493-80-BCR; 9-87-BCR;
302-71-BCR; 617-87 BCR;
455-89 BCR
264-73-BCR; 747-72-BCR;
181-72-BCR
264-73-BCR
1077-86-BCR
1077-86-BCR; 455-89 BCR
799-79-BCR; 1085-80-BCR
738-86-BCR; 617-87 BCR
617-87 BCR
9/2/01; 6/17/96
6/17/96
6/17/96
17-1995
26-2004
248-70-BCR; 302-73-BCR;
425-81-BCR; 455-89 BCR
249-70-BCR
9-87-BCR; 455-89 BCR
394-71 BCR; 510-79-BCR;
288-84-BCR; 455-89 BCR
5/17/96
459
Amendments
Item Amended
Local Law(s)
RS 10-9
RS 10-9(10)
RS 10-10A
RS 10-10B
RS 10-11 through 10-12
RS 10-13
9/2/01
9/2/01
RS 10-20
RS 10-21
RS 10-22
RS 10-23
RS 10-24A and 24B
RS 10-25
RS 10-26
RS 10-27
RS 10-28
RS 10-29
RS 10-30 through 10-38
RS 10-39
RS 10-40
RS 10-41
RS 10-42
RS 10-44
RS 10-46 through 10-48
RS 10-49
RS 10-51
RS 10-52
RS 10-53 through 10-55
RS 10-56
RS 10-57
RS 10-58
RS 10-59
RS 10-61
RS 10-62
RS 10-63
RS 10-64
RS 10-65
RS 10-66
RS 10-67 & 10-68
Department of
Buildings Effective Dates
17-1995
RS 10-14
RS 10-18
RS 10-19
Board of Standards
and Appeals
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR;
455-89 BCR
455-89 BCR
394-71-BCR; 264-73-BCR;
511-79-BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-84-BCR;
1077-86-BCR
887-80-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
1077-86-BCR
512-79-BCR; 288-84-BCR
390-80-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89-BCR
512-79-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89 BCR
887-80-BCR; 288-84-BCR
512-79 BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89 BCR
302-73-BCR; 493-80-BCR;
288-84-BCR
493-80-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89 BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR;
455-89 BCR
302-73-BCR; 493-80-BCR;
288-84-BCR; 455-89 BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR
455-89 BCR
512-79-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89 BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR;
455-89 BCR
390-80-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89 BCR
390-80 BCR; 288-84 BCR;
390-80 BCR; 288-84 BCR;
455-89 BCR
302-73 BCR; 493-80 BCR;
288-84 BCR; 455-89 BCR
288-84 BCR; 208-85-BCR
887-80 BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89 BCR
390-80-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
455-89 BCR
1077-86-BCR
887-80-BCR; 288-84-BCR;
1077-86-BCR
887-80 BCR; 288-84 BCR;
1077-86 BCR; 455-89 BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR;
455-89 BCR
208-85-BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR;
455-89 BCR
5/17/96
3/8/96
17-1995
65-1990
65-1990
65-1990
65-1990
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR
288-84-BCR; 208-85-BCR
1077-86-BCR
302-73-BCR
455-89 BCR
460
Amendments
Item Amended
Local Law(s)
RS 11 List
RS 11-1 & 11-2
RS 11-3
RS 11-3A
RS 11-4 through 11-7
RS 11-8
RS 12 List
RS 12-3
RS 12-4 & 12-5
RS 12-6
RS 12-7
RS 12-8
RS 12-9
RS 14 List
RS 14-1
RS 14-2
16-1984
16-1984
76-1972
80-1973
80-1973
80-1989
RS 14-3
RS 14-4
RS 14-5A
RS 14-5B
RS 14-6
RS 14-7
RS 14-8
RS 14-9
RS 14-10
RS 14-12
RS 14-13 through 14-14
RS 14-18 through 14-22
RS 14-22
RS 15 List
913-82-BCR
17-87-BCR
506-77-BCR
695-84-BCR; 814-85-BCR
723-72-BCR
913-82-BCR
913-82-BCR
913-82 BCR
1101-79-BCR
913-82-BCR
916-82-BCR; 946-87-BCR
938-80-BCR; 946-87-BCR
916-82-BCR; 938-80-BCR;
946-87-BCR
938-80-BCR
916-82-BCR; 938-80-BCR;
917-87-BCR
916-82-BCR; 938-80-BCR;
917-87-BCR
1045-83-BCR
916-82-BCR; 917-87-BCR
1045-83-BCR
938-80-BCR; 917-87-BCR
1045-83-BCR
938-80-BCR
1045-83-BCR; 917-87-BCR
1045-83-BCR
4/27/05; 5/4/02
5/4/02
5/4/02
4/27/05
5/4/02
5/4/02
3/8/96
80-1989
5/4/02
80-1989
Department of
Buildings Effective Dates
290-84-BCR; 261-86-BCR;
243-90-BCR
253-82-BCR; 243-90-BCR
253-82-BCR; 290-84-BCR;
261-86-BC; 243-90-BCR;
253-82-BCR; 261-86-BCR;
243-90-BCR
253-82-BCR; 243-90-BCR
253-82-BCR; 261-86-BCR;
243-90-BCR
253-82-BCR; 243-90-BCR
253-82-BCR; 261-86-BCR;
243-90-BCR
253-82-BCR; 243-90-BCR
RS 12-1
RS 12-2
RS 13 List
RS 13-1
RS 13-2
RS 13-3
RS 13-4
RS 13-5
RS 13-6
RS 13-7 through 13-11A
RS 13-11B
RS 13-12 through 13-16
Board of Standards
and Appeals
289-84-BCR; 1342-88-BCR
610-80-BCR; 289-84-BCR;
1342-88-BCR
610-80-BCR; 1342-88-BCR
610-80-BCR
512-79-BCR; 610-80-BCR;
289-84-BCR; 1342-88-BCR
610-80-BCR; 289-84-BCR
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
80-1989
1050-83-BCR; 915-82-BCR;
939-80-BCR; 947-87-BCR
1050-83-BCR; 915-82-BCR;
947-87-BCR
1050-83-BCR; 947-87-BCR
1050-83-BCR; 947-87-BCR
939-80-BCR; 947-87-BCR
1050-83-BCR
1050-83-BCR
1050-83-BCR
461
Amendments
Item Amended
Local Law(s)
RS 16 List
71-1997; 82-1986;
30-1982; 29-1989
7-1974
85-1973
63-1976; 29-1989;
100-1989
2-2001; 75-1971;
58-1973
58-1973; 63-1976;
29-1987
63-1976
39-1972; 58-1973
58-1973; 63-1976
63-1976
39-1972; 58-1973
63-1976
13-1993; 63-1976;
29-1987
63-1976
58-1987
61-1969; 45-1984
58-1987
29-1989
29-1989
74-1995
63-1976
100-1989
29-1987
10-1999
10-1999; 5-1973
86-1996
69-1977
67-1977
82-1986; 67-1977
45-1984
65-1996
26-2004
7-1974; 103-1989
65-1996
7-1974; 103-1989
103-1989
85-1973
65-1996
21-1981
65-1996
RS 16 Table of Contents
RS 16 IIIustrations
RS 16-1 Table
RS 16 P102.2(b)
RS 16 P102.4(a)(1)
RS 16
RS 16
RS 16
RS 16
RS 16
RS 16
RS 16
P102.4(b)
P102.4(b)(3)a.
P102.4(b)(4)
P102.4(c)
P102.4(e)(3)
P102.4(e)(13)
P103.1
RS 16 P103.2(c)
RS 16-4 P104.1(c)
RS 16 Table RS 16-5
RS 16 P104.0(c)
RS 16 P104.2
RS 16 P104.4(a)(3)
RS 16 P104.10(b)
RS 16 P105.2
RS 16 P106.4
RS 16 P107.2(b)(8)
RS 16 P107.2(b)(12)
RS 16 P107.3(a)(2)
RS 16 P107.6(i)
RS 16 P107.13
RS 16 P107.18
RS 16 P107.26
RS 16 P107.26(i)
RS 16 P108.2(c)
RS 16 Table 16-12
RS 16 P110.2
RS 16 P110.2(b)(c)
RS 16 P110.13
RS 16 Figs. 16-9 A,B
RS 16 P113.0
RS 16 P113.1
RS 16 P113.7(b)
RS 16 P113.9
RS 16 Tables 16-21; 16-22;
16-23 A,B; 16-24;
Figs. 16-12 A,B;
16-13 A,B
RS 16 P114.12
RS 16 P115.0
RS 16 P115.1
RS 16 P115.2 through 115.5
RS 16 P115.5(a)
RS 16 P115.8(o)(3)&(10)
RS 16 P116.1(h)(3)&(4)
Board of Standards
and Appeals
Department of
Buildings Effective Dates
1025-88-BCR
85-1973; 103-1989
12-1982
30-1982
54-1970
30-1982
89-1995
38-1989
85-1973
1025-88-BCR
462
Amendments
Item Amended
RS 17 List
RS 17-1
RS 17-1(2)(b)
RS 17-1(4)(b)(1)
RS 17-1(4)(c)(3)
RS 17-1(5)(a)
RS 17-1(5)(b)(1)
RS 17-2
RS 17-2(2)(2-5.5)
RS 17-2(4)(4-4.19.4)
RS 17-2(4)(4-4.19.5)
RS 17-2A
RS 17-2B
RS 17-3
RS 17-3(1)(a)
RS 17-3(7)(a)(1)
RS 17-3(8)(a)
RS 17-3(13)(c)(14)
RS 17-3(13)(e) and (h)(2)(b)
RS 17-3(18)
RS 17-3(20)
RS 17-3(20)(III)(E)
RS 17-3(20)(1V)(a)
RS 17-3A
RS 17-3A(11)(a)
RS 17-3A(15)(e)
RS 17-3A(18)(d)(3)
RS 17-3A(18)(d)(4)(f)&(g)
RS 17-3B
RS 17-3B(1)(a)
RS 17-3B(6)(a)
RS 17-3B(18)(d)(3)
RS 17-3C
RS 17-3D
RS 17-4
RS 17-5
RS 17-5A
RS 17-5B
RS 17-5C
RS 17-5D
RS 17-5E
RS 17-6
RS 17-6A
RS 17-7
RS 17-8
RS 17-9
RS 17-10
RS 17-11
RS 17-12
RS 17-13
RS 17-14
Local Law(s)
Board of Standards
and Appeals
310-90 BCR; 384-82-BCR
310-90 BCR
Department of
Buildings Effective Dates
1/9/02; 6/23/99
5-1973
5-1973
384-82-BCR
177-72-BCR; 1014-80-BCR
7/24/96
310-90 BCR; 633-83-BCR
515-75-BCR
7/24/96
6/25/99
6/25/99
6/25/99
6/25/99
4/13/03
1/9/02
16-1984
16-1984
149-75- BCR
149-75-BCR
16-1984
515-75-BCR
16-1984
1/9/02
4/13/03
16-1987; 5-1973
16-1984
16-1984
16-1984
16-1984
16-1987; 5-1973
4/13/03
1/9/02
49-74-BCR
16-1984
16-1987
16-1987
886-89-BCR
310-90-BCR; 633-83-BCR
310-90-BCR
310-90-BCR; 1014-80-BCR
310-90-BCR; 1014-80-BCR
310-90-BCR; 633-83-BCR
310-90-BCR; 1014-80-BCR
310-90-BCR; 1014-80-BCR
310-90-BCR; 1014-80-BCR
310-90-BCR
310-90-BCR; 1014-80-BCR
310-90-BCR; 633-83-BCR
310-90-BCR; 633-83-BCR
310-90-BCR; 633-83-BCR
310-90-BCR; 633-83-BCR
310-90-BCR; 798-81-BCR
4/13/03
1/9/02
10/26/04
10/26/04
462a
Amendments
Item Amended
Local Law(s)
RS 18 List
RS 18-1
RS 18-1 110.11 (f)
RS 18-1 211.1(a) & (b)
RS 18-1 211.3
RS 18-1 211.3(a)
RS 18-1 211.3(a)(1)(b)
RS 18-1 211.3(a)(2)
RS 18-1 211.3(b)(1) & (2)
RS 18-1 211.3(c)
RS 18-1 211.8
RS 18-1 214.6
RS 18-1 805.1(s)
Rule 901.2
RS 18-3
11-91-BCR; 98-83-BCR;
678-85-BCR
11-91-BCR; 678-85-BCR
Department of
Buildings Effective Dates
1/16/03; 3/13/96
3/8/96
1/16/03; 3/13/96
3/13/96
385-82-BCR; 678-85-BCR
385-82-BCR; 678-85-BCR
3/13/96
16-1984
RS 18-4
RS 18-5
RS 18-7
RS 18-8 Section (6)(g)(1)&(2)
RS 18-8 Section 13(a)&(b)
RS 18-9
65-1969
RS 18-10
RS 18-10 (Section 1 through 10.2)
RS-19 List
61-1987
RS 19-1
RS 19-2
73-1969
RS 19-2 Section 3.1.1
50-1973
RS 19-2 4.0 through 6.0
50-1973
RS 19-2 7.1
50-1973
RS 19-2 7.1(3)
RS 19-2 8.1.3.1
50-1973
RS 19-2 8.1.3.3
50-1973
RS 19-2 8.5
73-1969
RS 19-2 12.1.2
50-1973
RS 19-2 15.3
50-1973
RS 19-2 15.3.5
50-1973
RS 19-2 15.4
50-1973
RS 19-2 17.3.1
50-1973
RS 19-2 17.3.2(c)
50-1973
RS 19-2 17.4.2
50-1973
RS 19-2 18.1.1
50-1973
RS 19-2 19.0
50-1973
RS 19-2 19.1.1
50-1973
RS 19-2 19.1.3
50-1973
RS 19-2 19.1.4
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.1.1(e)
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.1.2(c)(d)(e)&(i) 50-1973
RS 19-2 20.1.3(b)
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.1.4
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.3.4
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.4.1(e)
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.4.2(b)&(c)
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.4.3(a)(b)&(c)
50-1973
RS 19-2 20.5.1(b)
50-1973
RS 19-2 21.1.1
50-1973
RS 19-2 21.6
50-1973
RS 19-2 22.2.4
50-1973
RS 19-3
73-1969
RS 19-4
61-1987
Board of Standards
and Appeals
385-82-BCR; 678-85-BCR
3/13/96
3/13/96
3/13/96
385-82-BCR; 678-85-BCR
5/22/95
1240-79-BCR
11-91- BCR; 385-82-BCR;
678-85-BCR
11-91-BCR; 1156-80-BCR
11-91-BCR; 1156-80-BCR
678-85-BCR
1156-80-BCR
1156-80-BCR
11-91-BCR; 1156-80-BCR
11-91-BCR; 934-84-BCR
1155-80-BCR; 111-90-BCR
1155-80-BCR
1/16/03
1/16/03
3/8/96
10/1/06
10/1/06
454-71-BCR; 731-71-BCR
479-77-BCR
234-90-BCR
462b
Amendments
Year of 1968
76....November 6,1968
Year of 1969
6 .. February 20, 1969
45. August 12
61...........................................December 4
65.......................................December 22
70...December 29
73.......................................... December 29
Year of 1970
29..June 30, 1970
30..July 10
53..November 2
54..November 17
61. December 3
63. December 15
Year of 1971
5.. January 7, 1971
8.. January 22
21. May 27
32. June 23
33. June 23
48..June 29
50 October 20
51..November 19
62..November 19
75..........................................December 22
Year of 1972
5.. January 18, 1972
6.. January 18
21..March 28
38. May 18
39..........................................May 18
75.. November 6
76.......................................... November 6
77. November 6
80.. November 21
Year of 1973
5...........................................January 18, 1973
28..July 2
29..July 2
50..........................................September 21
58..........................................October 15
63..October 25
80..........................................December 28
81..December 28
Local Law
82..December 28
83. December 28
84. December 28
85..........................................December 28
90..December 28
Year of 1974
4May 6, 1974
6May 16
7............................................May 16
8May 16
9May 16
Year of 1975
11 March 31, 1975
13......................................... March 31
14. March 31
15. April 23
24. June 2
26. June 2
28. June 2
31. July 11
32. July 11
35. July 28
46. September 11
48. October 7
49. October 7
50. October 7
52. October 29
53. October 29
Year of 1976
3February 10, 1976
4... February 10
5February 10
8March 1
10..March 1
14..March 1
18..March 15
50..October 12
51..October 12
55..November 1
63..........................................December 10
65..December 23
Year of 1977
60..September 2, 1977
67..........................................September 30
69......................................September 30
71. October 6
72. October 6
463
Amendments
Local Law
Year of 1978
30 October 6, 1978
32 October 6
41 December 13
Year of 1979
56..September 18, 1979
57..September 18
78 .November 14
79..December 4
84..........................................December 13
86. December 13
Year of 1980
8. February 8, 1980
10 February 21
65 November 6
****70 December 3
73 December 15
Year of 1981
10. February 9, 1981
21......................................... March 18
31. March 27
62. July 27
70. August 31
79. October 21
91. December 31
Year of 1982
12..........................................March 5, 1982
13..March 5
17..March 30
30..........................................June 15
73...........................................November 10
Year of 1983
19...........................................May 31, 1983
***45.....................................October 11
48...........................................October 26
58.......................................November 7
Year of 1984
16........................................March 27, 1984
25...........................................May 30
35...........................................June 26
45.......................................July 12
74...........................................November 21
75...........................................November 21
Year of 1985
59...........................................August 5, 1985
76...........................................December 2
80...........................................December 6
96...........................................December 31
revision: July
October
1, 2004
1, 2008
Local Law
Year of 1986
5..........................................April 29, 1986
22...........................................July 8
73...........................................December 8
80..........................................December 22
82..........................................December 30
Year of 1987
1...........................................February 2, 1987
9...........................................March 5
13...........................................March 23
16...........................................April 20
29...........................................June 30
40...........................................July 6
58...........................................August 5
61...........................................August 5
Year of 1988
11...........................................March 9, 1988
33...........................................May 27
34...........................................June 8
46...........................................July 11
49...........................................July 11
50...........................................July 11
58...........................................August 19
65...........................................November 4
73...........................................December 8
77...........................................December 8
Year of 1989
14...........................................March 14, 1989
29...........................................May 15
38...........................................June 28
55...........................................July 25
80...........................................November 8
81...........................................November 8
91...........................................December 6
100.......................................December 27
103.......................................December 27
Year of 1990
23............................................June 7, 1990
38........................................... July 12
65............................................November 14
Year of 1991
33............................................May 23, 1991
48............................................July 17
49............................................July 17
54............................................July 17
55............................................July 17
62............................................July 17
72............................................July 23
99December 24
464
Amendments
Local Law
Year of 1992
18March 9, 1992
Year of 1993
6.January 22, 1993
12January 22
13January 22
14February 9
15February 9
39May 28
53June 30
56June 30
104. December 28
107 December 28
108 December 28
109 December 28
Year of 1995
17........................................... February 21, 1995
74... September 21
89December 19
Year of 1996
27March 18, 1996
59July 9
65........................................... July 12
86........................................... November 4
93........................................December 12
Year of 1997
6........................................... February 12, 1997
65........................................... August 19
71........................................... September 11
Year of 1998
3.. January 14, 1998
10.. March 13
11.. March 13
27...July 7
Year of 1999
10.. March 24, 1999
68.. November 22
Year of 2000
2.. February 4, 2000
Year of 2001
2.. January 5, 2001
14.. March 19
17.. March 30
51.. August 8
64.. December 10
Local Law
Year of 2002
22.. July 29, 2002
26.. September 4
Year of 2003
44.......................................... July 14, 2003
Year of 2004
7...........................................May 5, 2004
26...........................................June 24
32...........................................July 12
35...........................................July 12
Year of 2005
28...........................................April 4, 2005
31...........................................April 28
52...........................................May 19
57...........................................June 6
77...........................................August 9
87...........................................October 3
99...December 1
Year of 2006
35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .August 23, 2006
47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .December 5
48.December 5
Year of 2007
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 15, 2007
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 15
16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .April 17
17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .April 17
18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .April 17
24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .May 29
33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .July 3
36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .August 2
37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .August 2
38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .August 2
65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .December 31
Year of 2008
24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 3, 2008
26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 3
Editors note: For the effective dates of the recent local laws noted in this update, view these local laws on the New York City
Council website, www.nyccouncil.info.
465
Amendments
Effective Date
State Law
Effective Date
Laws of 1985
Chapter 907. September 1,1986
Laws of 2000
Chapter 45
September 4, 2000
Laws of 1990
Chapter 349. July 2, 1990
Laws of 2007
Chapter 542 August 15, 2007
Laws of 1995
Chapter 559 January 1, 1996
Laws of 2007
Chapter 664 August 28, 2007
Effective Date
170-69-BCR.. July 10
1969
247-70-BCR.......................................................................................................... June 22
248-70-BCR......................................................................................................... June 22
249-70-BCR.......................................................................................................... June 22
260-70-BCR........................................................................................................... .July 1
1970
1971
177-72-BCR.......................................................................................................... April 18
181-72-BCR.......................................................................................................... April 18
217-72-BCR.......................................................................................................... April 25
218-72-BCR.......................................................................................................... June 20
219-72-BCR.......................................................................................................... April 25
239-72-BCR............................................................................................................ May 9
353-72-BCR........................................................................................................... June 27
(Amended March 11, 1975)...............................................................................................
723-72-BCR................................................................................................... December 12
1972
747-72-BCR..................................................................................................... January 9
264-73-BCR............................................................................................................ June 14
302-73-BCR............................................................................................................ June 19
339-73-BCR............................................................................................................ July 17
341-73-BCR............................................................................................................ July 17
1973
466
Amendments
BSA
Effective Date
49-74-BCR........................................................................................................ March 12
213-74-BCR........................................................................................................ June 4
1974
149-75-BCR............................................................................................................. May 6
515-75-BCR................................................................................................. December 2
1975
587-76-BCR.......................................................................................................... .. July 27
1976
281-77-BCR.......................................................................................................... July 19
369-77-BCR.......................................................................................................... July 19
479-77-BCR............................................................................................... September 7
506-77-BCR................................................................................................ September 20
1977
935-78-BCR.................................................................................................. November 28
1978
71-79-BCR..................................................................................................... February 20
72-79-BCR......................................................................................................... March 13
510-79-BCR............................................................................................................ June 12
511-79-BCR............................................................................................................ June 12
512-79-BCR............................................................................................................ June 12
571-79-BCR............................................................................................................ June 26
799-79-BCR.................................................................................................... September 8
1101-79-BCR................................................................................................ November 27
1240-79-BCR.................................................................................................. February 25
1979
1981
1084-81-BCR................................................................................................... February 2
253-82-BCR..........................................................................................................June 15
252-82-BCR.......................................................................................................... .June 22
385-82-BCR........................................................................................................ August 10
1982
913-82-BCR...................................................................................................... January 18
915-82-BCR...................................................................................................... January 18
916-82-BCR...................................................................................................... January 18
98-83-BCR............................................................................................................ March 1
1983
467
Amendments
BSA
Effective Date
1155-80-BCR........................................................................................................ May 10
427-83-BCR.................................................................................................... June 14
428-83-BCR.......................................................................................................... June 14
633-83-BCR.................................................................................................September 13
1045-83-BCR................................................................................................. December 6
1050-83-BCR.................................................................................................. December 6
288-84-BCR........................................................................................................... June 5
289-84-BCR.......................................................................................................... May 22
290-84-BCR.......................................................................................................... May 22
695-84-BCR.................................................................................................. September 11
934-84-BCR.................................................................................................. December 18
1984
208-85-BCR...................................................................................................... March 19
435-85-BCR.......................................................................................................... May 21
678-85-BCR.................................................................................................... October 1
814-85-BCR.................................................................................................... October 29
1985
260-86-BCR.......................................................................................................... April 22
261-86-BCR.......................................................................................................... April 22
262-86-BCR.......................................................................................................... April 22
738-86-BCR................................................................................................. September 16
739-86-BCR................................................................................................. September 16
1986
1988
455-89-BCR.......................................................................................................... June 27
1989
886-89-BCR................................................................................................. December 12
111-90-BCR............................................................................................................. May 1
213-90-BCR................................................................................................. September 11
234-90-BCR................................................................................................. September 11
242-90-BCR................................................................................................. September 11
243-90-BCR................................................................................................. September 11
1990
310-90-BCR..................................................................................................... January 22
11-91-BCR.......................................................................................................... March 12
1991
468
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
TITLE 26
HOUSING AND BUILDINGS
CHAPTER 1 [REPEALED]
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS
Subchapter 1
Sub-Art. Sub-chapter
or Sec.
or Sec.* General Provisions
101
Definitions
[641-1.0]
[641-2.0]
102
Seal; Judicial Notice
[641-3.0]
103
Records in Department
[641-4.0]
104
Complaint Book
[641-5.0]
105
Taxpayers' Requests for
Institution of Actions
[641-6.0]
106
Proofs, Affidavits and Oaths
[641-7.0]
107
Cooperation of Other
Departments
[641-8.0]
108
Reports from Different
Institutions and Agencies
[641-9.0]
109
Annual Report
[641-10.0]
110
Publications of Statistics and
Other Data
[642-1.0]
111
Uniforms and Badges
[642-2.0]
112
Falsely Impersonating an
Officer
[642-3.0]
113
Subordinates; Discipline of
[642-4.0]
114
Certain Outside Work,
Employment and Financial
Interests Prohibited
[643a-1.0]
115
Notice and Orders
[643a-2.0]
116
Contents of Notices and
Orders
[643a-3.0]
117
Service of Notices and Orders
[643a-4.0]
118
Stop Work Notices and Orders
[643a-5.0]
119
List Pendens
[643a-6.0]
120
Enforcement Proceedings
[643a-7.0]
121
Certificate of Commissioner;
Presumptive Evidence
[643a-8.0]
122
Non-Compliance With Order
and Illegal Places of
Assembly; Punishment;
Penalty
[643a-9.0]
123
Non-Compliance With Orders
Execution of Work by
Department
[643a-10.0] 124
False Statements in
Certificates, Forms, Written
Statements, Applications,
Reports or Certificates
[643a-11.0]
125
Violations of Building Laws;
Punishments; Penalty Violations
[643a-12.0]
[643a-12.1]
126
126.1
[643a-12.2]
126.2
[643a-12.3]
126.3
[643a-12.4]
126.4
[643a-13.0]
127
127.1
127.2
127.3
[643a-14.0]
128
[644-1.0]
[644-2.0]
129
130
SUBCHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
26-101 Definitions.-For the purposes of this
[641-1.0]
chapter:
1. The term "multiple dwelling" shall mean such dwelling as
defined by section four of the multiple dwelling law;
2. The term "building" shall mean any building, structure,
premises, or part thereof;
3. The term "service equipment" shall mean equipment, and
all components thereof, which provide sanitation, power,
light, heat, ventilation, air conditioning, refuse disposal, firefighting, transportation or other facilities for buildings.
4. The term "commissioner" shall mean the city commissioner
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
of buildings.
5. The term "department" shall mean the city department
of buildings.
[641-2.0] 26-102 Seal; judicial notice.The commissioner may design and adopt a seal for the
department, and cause the same to be used in the authentication
of the orders and proceedings of the department, and for
such other purposes as he or she may prescribe. The courts
shall take judicial notice of such seal, and of the signature
of the commissioner and the deputy commissioners of such
department.
[641-3.0] 26-103 Records in department.The department shall keep records of every building in
the city. Such records shall be kept in the manner and
form prescribed by the commissioner.
**[641-4.0] 26-104 Complaint book. -The department
shall keep a general complaint book, or several such
books, in which may be entered any complaint made by
any person in reference to any building. Such entry shall
include the name and residence of the complainant, the
name of the person complained of, the date of the entry
of the complaint and any suggested remedies. Except for
entries of names and residences of the complainants,
such book shall be open to public examination during the
office hours of the department, subject to such regulations
as the commissioner may prescribe. The commissioner
shall cause all complaints to be investigated.
** Local Law 91-1989.
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
[643a-3.0] 26-117 Service of notices and orders. Except for such orders as may be served pursuant to
section three hundred twenty-six of the multiple
dwelling law, service of notices and orders issued by the
commissioner may be made: (a) by delivery of a copy
thereof personally to the owner, lessee or occupant of the
building, premises or property affected thereby; or (b) by
31
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
[643a-6.0] 26-120 Enforcement proceedings. a. Upon the violation of any law, rule or regulation
enforceable by the department, or the failure to comply
with any order issued by the commissioner thereunder,
the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, request
the corporation counsel to institute legal proceedings to
restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to compel
compliance with such order; and the corporation counsel
shall thereupon institute such actions or proceedings as
may be necessary and appropriate for such purposes.
b. Such actions and proceedings may be instituted by
the corporation counsel in the name of the city in any
court of civil jurisdiction in the city and shall be given
preference over pending causes therein. In such actions
or proceedings, the city may apply for restraining orders
preliminary injunctions or other provisional remedies,
with or without notice; and no undertakings shall be
required as a condition to the granting or issuing of any
such order, injunction or remedy, or by reason thereof.
c. In no case shall the department, or any officer or
employee thereof, be liable for costs in any such action or
proceeding; and officers and employees of the department,
acting in good faith and without malice, shall be free from
liability for acts done in any such action or proceeding.
d. Any judgment rendered in any such action or
proceeding shall be and become a lien upon the premises
involved and named in the complaint in such action or
proceeding, the lien to date from the time of filing a notice
of lis pendens in the office of the clerk of the county in
which the premises is located, and to have priority before
any mortgage or other lien existing prior to such filing,
except tax and assessment liens.
[643a-7.0] 26-121 Certificate of commissioner; presumptive
evidence. -In any action or proceeding founded upon a
claim by the commissioner that any law, rule or regulation
enforceable by the department has been violated, or that
a lawful order issued by him or her has not been complied
with, a certificate in writing by the commissioner, or his
authorized representative shall be presumptive evidence
of any matter stated therein.
*[643a-8.0] 26-122 Non-compliance with order and
illegal places of assembly; punishment; penalty.-Every
person who owns or operates a place of assembly without a
current permit or emergency lighting as required by law, or
who shall fail to comply with an order issued by the
commissioner except an order issued pursuant to section
26-126.2; or who shall knowingly violate any requirement
of any notice or order of the commissioner, shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof,
shall be punishable by a fine not to exceed five thousand
dollars, or by imprisonment not to exceed six months, or
both. Such person shall also be subject to the payment of a
penalty of not more than five thousand dollars to be
42
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
3
4a
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
4b
4
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
[643a-12.0] 26-126 Violations of zoning resolutions. a. The owner, lessee, or occupant of any building in
which a violation of the zoning resolution has been
committed or shall exist, or the agent, architect, builder,
contractor, or any other person who commits, takes part
or assists in any such violation or who maintains any
building in which any such violation shall exist, shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor, and where the violation shall
be for the construction, alteration, use or occupancy of
any building, structure or area set forth within use
groups five through eighteen inclusive in a zoning
district where such use is not permitted, the person
convicted thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less
than two hundred fifty dollars nor more than one
thousand dollars for the first offense, not less than five
hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars for
a second offense and five thousand dollars for a third,
and all subsequent offenses, or for any such offense by
imprisonment for not more than ninety days, or by both
fine and imprisonment.
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
6a
7
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
6b
8
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
27-118.1(a).
250
2,500
1,000
10,000
27-118.1(b). 2,500
5,000
5,000
25,000
0
300
350
1,000
27-508.3(b)..
0
5,000
0
10,000
Any Provision of subchapter 19 of
Chapter 1 of title 27
Any provisions of subchapers 1,2, and 3
0
2,500
0
10,000
of chapter 1 of this title and all other
provisions of chapter 1 of title 27 or any
provisions of the zoning resolution and
related rules and regulations...
(Reference to a section of the code is intended to include any rules and regulations related to such section).
First
Violation
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
8a
9
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
10
8b
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
10
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
11
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
12
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
***26-127.3 Illegal outdoor signs; public nuisance.a. A sign with a surface area greater than two hundred
square feet that is erected, maintained, attached, affixed,
painted on, or in any other manner represented on a
building or premises in violation of the zoning resolution, the
administrative code or rules adopted pursuant thereto is hereby
declared to be a public nuisance. The commissioner may, after
notice and hearing, order the removal of such illegal sign
or its sign structure or both, as hereinafter provided.
b. The commissioner shall serve a notice of hearing
with regard to the proposed nuisance abatement on the
owner and mortgagee of record of the building or
premises and other persons having a recorded interest in
the property in the manner provided in subdivision c of
section 26-127.2 of this code for the service of an order of
closure. If the sign is under the control of an outdoor
advertising company, as defined in section 26-259 of the
code, and an address for such company is reasonably
13
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
14
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
15
Title 26 / Subchapter 1
16
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
SUBCHAPTER 2
LICENSES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Art.
[Sec]* or Sec.**
Art. 1 General Provisions
131 General License Requirements
[1.0]
132 Application for License
[1.1]
133 Qualifications of Applicant
[1.2]
134 Examination of Applicant
[1.3]
135 Exemptions from Examination
[1.4]
136 Issuance of License
[1.5]
137 Term of License; Renewal
[1.6]
138 Use of License
[1.7]
139 Revocation of Licenses
[1.8]
140 Violations and Penalties
[1.9]
Master Plumber License; Master Fire
Art. 2
Suppression Piping Contractor License
141 Definitions
[2.0]
142 Requirement of License
[2.1]
143 Exemption
[2.2]
144 License Board
[2.3]
145 Certificate Application
[2.4]
146 License Qualifications
[2.5]
147 License Fees
[2.6]
148 Certificate of Competence; Licensed
[2.7]
Plumber Plate
149 Business Operation, Master Plumbers
[2.8]
150 Expiration and Renewal of License
[2.9]
150.1 Renewals of Master Plumber and Fire
Suppression Piping Contractor
Licenses
151 Suspension; Revocation of License
[2.10]
152 Practice Without License and Other
[2.11]
Violations;Penalties; Actions for
Penalties
153 Publication of a Roster of Licensees
[2.12]
153.1 Waiver of Examinations
Art. 3 Welder License
154 Requirement of License
[3.0]
155 License Applications
[3.1]
156 License Qualifications
[3.2]
157 License Fees
[3.3]
158 License Conditions
[3.4]
Art. 4 High-Pressure Boiler Operating Engineer
and Portable High-Pressure Boiler
Operating Engineer Licenses
159 Requirement of License
[4.0]
160 Definition
[4.1]
161 License Applications
[4.2]
162 License Qualifications
[4.3]
163 License Fees
[4.4]
164 License Conditions
[4.5]
165 Licensing of Existing Operating Engineers
[4.6]
Art. 5
[5.0]
[5.1]
[5.2]
[5.3]
[5.4]
[5.5]
Art. 6
[6.0]
[6.1]
[6.2]
[6.3]
[6.4]
[6.5]
[6.6]
[6.7]
[6.8]
[6.9]
17
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
ARTICLE 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
[26-1.0] 26-131 General license requirements.-It
shall be unlawful, on and after December sixth, nineteen
hundred sixty-eight, for any person to engage in or carry
on in the city any business, trade or calling regulated by
this subchapter, without having first obtained a license
therefor from the commissioner in accordance with and
subject to the provisions of this subchapter, except that
any certificates of qualification or licenses issued for any
such business, trade or calling issued by the department,
or by any other city department or agency, prior to December
sixth, nineteen hundred sixty-eight, shall continue to remain
in full force and effect until the expiration or termination
thereof in accordance with the terms thereof, unless
sooner revoked or suspended for cause as hereinafter
provided.
[26-1.1] 26-132 Application for license.All applications for licenses shall be submitted on forms
furnished by the department, and shall be accompanied
by the required fee, as hereinafter provided. Each application
for a license shall set forth the name, residence address and
business address of the applicant, and such information and
supporting data concerning his or her qualifications for the
license as the commissioner may require.
*[26-1.2] 26-133 Qualifications of applicant. -All
applicants for licenses shall be at least eighteen years of
age, shall be able to read and write the English language,
shall be of good moral character, and shall meet the
qualifications prescribed for the particular license, as
hereinafter provided.
*Local Law 55-1989.
**[26-1.3] 26-134 Examination of applicant.-Every
applicant for a license shall be examined as to his or her
fitness and qualifications therefor in accordance with
[26-1.4] 26-135 Exemptions from examination.Notwithstanding the provisions of section 26-134 of this
subchapter, the commissioner shall have the power to
exempt from examination any person who, prior to
December sixth, nineteen hundred sixty-eight, held a
license or was otherwise qualified under the provisions of
the code theretofore in effect.
[26-1.5] 26-136 Issuance of license.The commissioner shall issue a license to each applicant
who shall have submitted satisfactory evidence of his or
her qualifications, and shall have satisfactorily passed all
required examinations to determine his or her fitness and
qualifications, provided that no license shall be issued
unless and until the applicant shall have paid the required
fee therefor and complied with such other and further
requirements for the particular license as may be hereinafter
provided. All licenses issued by the commissioner shall have
his or her signature affixed thereto; but the commissioner
may authorize any subordinate to affix such signature.
26-137
Term of license and
***[26-1.6]
registrations; renewal.All licenses and registrations, except for plumbing
licenses, fire suppression piping contractor licenses and
general contractor registrations, issued by the
commissioner under the provisions of this subchapter
shall expire one year from the date of issuance thereof,
and may be renewed annually, provided that application
for renewal of the license or registration is made thirty
calendar days prior to the expiration date of the license or
registration. A plumbing license, a fire suppression
piping contractor license and a general contractor
registration shall expire two years from the date of
issuance thereof, and may be renewed every two years
thereafter, provided that application for renewal of the
license or registration is made between thirty and sixty
calendar days prior to its expiration date. All applications
for renewal of a license or registration shall be
accompanied by the required renewal fee. If application
for renewal is not made as provided above, the
commissioner may, nevertheless, renew the license or
registration provided the applicant pays an additional fee
in an amount specified by rule of the department, except
as otherwise provided in this subchapter, and provided
18
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
*[26-1.7] 26-138 Use of license.a. No holder of a license issued under this subchapter
shall authorize, consent to or permit the use of his or her
license by or on behalf of any other person, and subject
to the provisions of section 26-131 of this subchapter, no
person who has not qualified and obtained a license
under this subchapter shall hold himself or herself out to
the public as licensed or as the holder of a license issued
under this subchapter, either directly or indirectly, by
means of signs, sign cards, metal plates, stationery, or in
any other manner whatsoever.
b. Except for plumbing licenses, and fire suppression
piping contractor licenses, nothing herein contained,
however, shall be construed to prohibit the use of a
license by the holder thereof for or on behalf of a
partnership, corporation or other business association,
provided that at least one member of the partnership or at
least one officer of the corporation is licensed for the
same business, trade or calling, and that all work performed
19
18a
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
20
18b
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
19
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
20
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
21
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
* [B26-2.3] 26-144 License board.a. The commissioner shall appoint annually each member of a
license board, to investigate and report, at the request of the
commissioner, on all proposed suspensions or revocations of
license, make recommendations regarding the surveillance of the
practices of licensed master plumbers and licensed master fire
suppression piping contractors, and the policing of the activities
of unlicensed practitioners, and engage in such other functions
as herein provided. The commissioner may, for cause shown,
remove any member of the license board and shall fill any
vacancy therein. Such board shall consist of :
22
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
*[B26-2.7] 26-148 Certificate of competence; plate; seal.a. A certificate of competence shall be issued by the
commissioner to an applicant who satisfactorily complies
with the experience and examination requirements of
this subchapter for a certificate, upon payment of a
specified fee. Such certificate shall contain the full name
of the individual and a certificate number, and shall be
signed by the commissioner.
b. The issuance of a certificate shall constitute evidence
that the person named therein is qualified to obtain a
plate and seal while the certificate is valid. The certificate
shall entitle the applicant to obtain a plate and seal from
the commissioner upon approval of an application showing
compliance with the requirements of this subchapter and
upon the payment of the specified fees. The holder of a
certificate shall not be entitled to perform work or hold
him or herself out to perform work as a licensed master
23
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
24
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
*[B26-2.9] 26-150 Expiration and renewal of license.a. All certificates of competence, plates and seals shall
expire on the two-year anniversary date of the issuance
of the certificate, plate and seal. Application for the
biennial renewal of certificates, plates and seals shall be
made between thirty and sixty days prior to the
expiration/anniversary date. The failure of an individual
to renew such certificate, plate and seal prior to the
expiration/anniversary date shall have the effect of
cancellation of the certificate, plate and seal. If a
certificate, plate and seal is canceled, the individual shall
apply for a new certificate, plate and seal.
b. Failure to apply for renewal of a certificate prior to its
expiration shall not deprive the holder of the right of
renewal during the ensuing year, except that the fee for
such renewal after thirty days prior to the expiration date
shall be one hundred dollars instead of fifty dollars.
c. If a holder of a certificate fails to renew his or her
certificate for a period up to five years, reinstatement
during that period shall occur upon the payment of a fee
of fifty dollars for each year or part thereof after the
expiration date.
d. If a holder of a certificate fails to renew his or her
certificate for a period in excess of five years, the
commissioner may require such person to submit to
reexamination or to provide evidence of retained proficiency.
In addition, the holder shall pay a fee of fifty dollars for
each year or part thereof after the expiration date.
e. If a holder of a certificate has held a certificate of
competency for five years without a plate and seal, then
said person shall submit an affidavit satisfactory to the
commissioner stating that over the five year period the
individual has been engaged in the design and
installation of :
1. Plumbing systems in the United States; or
2. Fire suppression piping systems in the United States.
*Local Law 55-1989; Local Law 51-2001.
**
* [B26-2.10] 26-151 Suspension; revocation of license.a. The commissioner shall have the power to suspend or
revoke a certificate of competence and/or a licensee's
plate and seal and/or to impose a fine not to exceed five
thousand dollars for each finding and/or to order any
licensed master plumber or licensed master fire suppression
piping contractor to repair damage resulting from any act
or omission enumerated in paragraph two of this
subdivision upon the recommendation of the board after a
hearing and finding of any one or more of the following:
(1) fraud or deceit in obtaining a certificate, plate or seal; or
(2) gross negligence, incompetence or misconduct
relating to the business, trade or calling of the person who
is licensed or certified; or
(3) fraudulent dealings; or
(4) failure to comply with the code or any order, regulation
or requirement lawfully made by the commissioner; or
(5) failure to comply with any order, regulation or requirement
lawfully made by the commissioner of environmental
protection or commissioner of transportation pertaining to
water services, house connections or street openings which
relate to requirements of this subchapter or made by the
fire commissioner relating to fire suppression piping matters;
or
(6) a practice of failing timely to perform or complete
contracts relating to home improvements as defined by
section 20-386 of the code or a practice of abandoning
contracts on residential buildings containing four dwelling
units or less.
(7) poor moral character that adversely reflects on his or
her fitness to conduct a plumbing or fire suppression
piping contracting business.
b. The chairperson may request three individuals, at least
two of whom shall be members of the board, to act as a
hearing panel with the approval of the board. The panel shall
conduct such hearing and issue a report and recommendation
to the board in lieu of the hearing under subdivision a of
this section; provided, however, that after such panel has
issued a report and recommendation, the board may
conduct such further proceedings with respect to the
referenced matter as it deems advisable.
c. Any person claiming to have been injured by the fraud,
deceit, negligence, incompetence or other misconduct of any
person who is licensed or certified may prefer charges
against such licensee before the board.
d. All charges and/or specifications shall be submitted by
the commissioner in writing to the board or panel. Such
charges, and/or specifications, unless dismissed without
hearing by the commissioner as unfounded or trivial, shall
be heard and determined by the board, with a
recommendation to the commissioner.
e. The chairperson shall determine the time and place of
such hearing. A copy of the charges and/or specifications,
together with a notice of the time and place of hearing,
25
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
*[B26-2.12] 26-153 Publication of a roster of licensees.a. The commissioner shall publish a complete roster of
master plumber licensees and of master fire suppression
piping contracting licensees in the City Record. Each
roster shall be published biennially, with a supplement
published in each alternate year.
b. Each roster shall contain an alphabetical listing of all
holders of a certificate of competence. It shall also
include the holders' certificate number as well as the
* 26-153.1 Waiver of examinations.a. Any individual who, on or after the effective date of
this section shall meet the following qualifications and
who, within six months after the effective date of this
section shall make application to the department of
buildings for a master fire suppression piping contractor
license, and within one year shall furnish all necessary
evidence, shall be issued a certificate for the particular
class for which he or she is qualified without taking the
examination for such certificate required by this article,
however all other provisions of this article, including but
not limited to those governing the fire suppression piping
contractor certificate shall apply to those individuals
covered by this section.
1. class A-Any individual who, during the seven
consecutive years immediately preceding his or her
application for a master fire suppression piping contractor
certificate-class A, has been engaged in the business of
designing and installing fire suppression piping systems,
as defined in paragraphs one and two of subdivision h of
section 26-141, primarily in the city of New York.
2. class B-Any individual who, during the seven
consecutive years immediately preceding his or her
applicationfor a master fire suppression piping contractor
certificate-class B, has been engaged in the business of
designing and installing fire suppression piping systems,
as defined in paragraph one of subdivision h of section
26-141, primarily in the city of New York.
3. class C-Any individual who, during the seven
consecutive years immediately preceding his or her
application for a master fire suppression piping contractor
certificate-class C, has been engaged in the business of
designing and installing fire suppression piping systems,
as defined in paragraph two of subdivision h of section
26-141, but not including any dry chemical system,
primarily in the city of New York; or any individual who
qualifies under paragraph two of this subdivision may
qualify under this paragraph upon the successful completion
of an approved course in the design of carbon dioxide and
dry, liquid or gaseous chemical extinguishing systems.
b. The department of buildings shall determine whether
26
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
[B26-4.0] 26-159 Requirement of license.a It shall be unlawful, on and after December sixth, nineteen
hundred sixty eight to operate any high-pressure steam
boiler for any purpose whatsoever in the city or in
connection with any vessel on the waters in and around
the city not subject to the jurisdiction of the United
27
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
[B26-4.4] 26-163 License fees.-The fee for a highpressure boiler operating engineer license or a portable
high-pressure boiler operating engineer license shall be
twenty-five dollars; and the annual renewal fee shall be
fifteen dollars. The renewal fee for a portable highpressure boiler operating engineer license shall include
the renewal fee for a hoisting machine operator license, as
provided in subdivision d of section 26-170 of this
subchapter without any additional fee. If application for
renewal is not made within thirty calendar days prior to
the expiration date of the license, the applicant shall be
required to pay an additional fee of ten dollars.
[B26-4.5] 26-164 License conditions.-All high-pressure
boiler operating engineer licenses and all portable highpressure boiler operating engineer licenses shall be
conditioned upon and subject to the provisions of sections
26-136 through 26-139 of this subchapter.
[B26-4.6] 26-165 Licensing of existing operating engineers.Any person who has been performing the duties of an
operating engineer on a high temperature hot water plant
whose experience as such has been for a period of three
years immediately preceding the enactment of this code
shall be entitled to a high- pressure boiler operating
engineer license without complying with the herein above
provisions upon satisfying the commissioner that such
applicant possesses the aforesaid experience.
ARTICLE 5
HOISTING MACHINE OPERATOR LICENSE
28
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
[B26-5.1] 26-167 License applications.All applications for a hoisting machine operator license
shall be subject to the provisions of section 26-132 of
this subchapter; and all applicants for a hoisting machine
operator license shall comply with and be subject to the
provisions of sections 26-133, 26-134 and 26-135 of this
subchapter.
[B26-5.2] 26-168 Classification of licenses.-Such
licenses shall be classified as follows:
(a) Basic license to operate cranes, derricks and cableways,
excluding power operated cranes with booms, including
jibs and other extensions, which exceed two hundred feet
in length and truck mounted tower cranes which exceed
two hundred feet in height.
(b) Endorsement on basic license to include the operation
of hoisting machinery without limitation or restriction.
(c) Special hoisting machine operator license to operate
a specified class of hoisting machine of limited size and
capacity. The equipment under this subdivision shall also
include the operation of truck cranes with telescopic,
hydraulic or folding booms, including jibs and any other
extensions to the boom, not exceeding one hundred
thirty-five feet in length with a manufacturer's rated
capacity of three tons or less used exclusively for the
erection, maintenance or removal of signs. Special
hoisting machine operators shall be exempt from the
provisions of subdivisions (a) and (b) of this section.
[B26-5.3] 26-169 License qualifications.(a) The general qualifications prescribed in section 26133 of this subchapter shall be applicable for a hoisting
machine operator license and a special hoisting machine
operator license. In addition, all applicants for a hoisting
machine operator license shall have had at least two
years prior appropriate experience and all applicants for
a special hoisting machine operator license shall have the
qualifications as prescribed in subdivision (c) of this
section.
(b) (1) The commissioner shall issue a basic license to a
hoisting machine operator who is the holder of a valid
certificate of qualification on December twenty-ninth,
nineteen hundred sixty-nine, provided application for
such license is made prior to the expiration of said
certificate of qualification.
(2) The commissioner shall endorse such license to
include the operation of hoisting machinery without
limitation or restriction to a holder of a valid certificate
of qualification on December twenty-ninth, nineteen hundred
sixty-nine, provided application for such endorsement is
made prior to the expiration of said certificate and he or she
submits proof of satisfactory experience in the operation
of cranes with booms, including jibs and other extensions,
exceeding two hundred feet in length or truck mounted
tower cranes exceeding two hundred feet in height.
(3) The commissioner shall endorse such license to
29
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
30
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
No
Certificate
of Fitness
No Rigger
License
No
Required
Insurance
or Bond
No
Record of
Inspection
at Job Site
First
Offense
Default
$1,500
$2,500
Second or
subsequent
offense
$2,500
$15,000
$1,250
$2,500
$2,500
$15,000
$1,250
$2,500
$2,500
$15,000
$1,250
$2,500
$2,500
$15,000
Default
ARTICLE 7
SIGN HANGER LICENSES
31
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
32
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
33
32a
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
34
32b
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
ARTICLE 9
CONCRETE TESTING LABORATORY LICENSE
[B26-9.0] 26-200 Requirement of license.-It shall be
unlawful, on and after December sixth, nineteen hundred
sixty-eight, for any person to engage in or carry on the
business or calling of a concrete testing laboratory in the
city, without having first obtained a license therefor from
the commissioner, except as provided in section 26-131
of this subchapter.
[B26-9.1] 26-201 License applications.-All applications
for a concrete testing laboratory license shall be submitted
on forms furnished by the department, and shall be
accompanied by the required fee, as hereinafter provided.
Each application for such license shall set forth the name
and business address of the applicant, and such information
and supporting data concerning his or her equipment and
qualifications as the commissioner may require. If the
applicant is a partnership or a corporation, the application
shall be executed by a member of the partnership or by an
officer of the corporation.
[B26-9.2] 26-202 License qualifications.-All applicants
for such license shall maintain a laboratory within fifty
miles of the city, and shall submit satisfactory proof
establishing that his, her or its business is conducted by
**ARTICLE 10
SUPPORTED SCAFFOLD CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION
Requirements
of
Certificate
of
*26-204.1
Completion.- a. It shall be unlawful for an individual to
erect, dismantle, repair, maintain or modify any supported
scaffold, or to be on any supported scaffold assisting in the
erection, dismantling, repair, maintenance or modification
of any supported scaffold for which a permit is required
unless such individual has been issued a supported
scaffold certificate of completion under the provisions of
this article.
b. It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly permit or
cause an individual who has not been issued a supported
scaffold certificate of completion under this article, to
erect, dismantle, repair, maintain, or modify any supported
scaffold, or to be on any supported scaffold assisting in
the erection, dismantling, repair, maintenance or modification
of any supported scaffold in violation of subdivision a of this
section. Each day on which a person shall knowingly permit
or cause an individual who has not been issued a supported
scaffold certificate of completion to erect, dismantle, repair,
maintain, or modify any supported scaffold or to be on any
supported scaffold assisting in the erection, dismantling,
33
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
34
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
*ARTICLE 11
GENERAL CONTRACTOR REGISTRATION
26-204.11 General contractor.- For the purposes of
35
34a
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
34b
36
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
37
34c
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
such sale shall be paid into the general fund of the city.
6. In any forfeiture action commenced pursuant to this
subdivision, where the court awards a sum of money to
one or more persons in satisfaction of such person's
interest in the forfeited vehicle and tools, the total amount
awarded to satisfy such interest or interests shall not
exceed the amount of the net proceeds of the sale of the
forfeited vehicle and tools after deduction of the lawful
expenses incurred by the city, including reasonable costs
of removal and storage of the vehicle and tools between
the time of seizure and the date of sale.
26-204.21 Penalties; issuance, renewal, suspension
and revocation of registration.a. The commissioner shall have the power to refuse to
issue or renew a registration or, after notice and an
opportunity to be heard in a proceeding to be commenced
at OATH, impose a penalty of not less than five thousand
nor more than ten thousand dollars upon a registrant
and/or suspend or revoke a registration under this article
upon a finding of any one or more of the following by the
applicant or registrant or by a business entity in which one
of the applicants or registrants principals, officers or
directors has been a principal, officer or director:
1. Fraud, misrepresentation, or bribery in securing a
registration, permit, approval of work or a temporary or
permanent certificate of occupancy.
2. The making of any false statement as to a material
matter in any application for a registration, permit,
approval of work or a temporary or permanent certificate
of occupancy.
3. A practice on the part of the registrant of failure to
timely perform or complete its contracts for the
construction of new residential structures containing no
more than three dwelling units, or the manipulation of
assets or accounts, or fraud or bad faith.
4. Failure to comply with any demand or requirement
lawfully made by the commissioner.
5. Approval or knowledge on the part of the registrant of
an act of omission, fraud, or misrepresentation committed
by one or more agents or employees of the registrant, and
failure to report such act to the department.
6. Violation of any provision of this subchapter or any
rule adopted hereunder.
7. Violation of any provision of subchapters one, two or
three of chapter one of title twenty-six or chapter one of
title twenty-seven of this code, or any rule adopted
thereunder, including continuing to work in violation of a
stop-work notice or order issued pursuant to section 26118 of this code.
b. Notwithstanding the foregoing, when public health or
safety may be in imminent jeopardy, the commissioner
shall immediately suspend a registration for up to five
business days, pending a hearing and determination at
OATH.
c. In addition to any of the powers that may be exercised
by the commissioner pursuant to this article, the
38
34d
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
39
34e
Title 26 / Subchapter 2
40
34f
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
SUBCHAPTER 3
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Art.
[Sec.]* or Sec.**
Art. 1
[10.0]
[11.0]
Art. 2
[20.0]
[21.0]
[22.0]
Art. 3
[30.0]
[31.0]
[32.0]
[33.0]
[34.0]
[34.1]
[35.0]
Art. 4
[40.0]
[41.0]
[42.0]
[43.0]
[44.0]
[45.0]
Art. 5
[50.0]
[51.0]
[52.0]
Art. 6
[60.0]
[61.0]
[62.0]
Art. 7
[70.0]
[71.0]
[72.0]
[73.0]
General Provisions
205 Matters Covered
206 All New work to Conform
Permits
207 Requirement of Permit
208 Approval of Plans
209 Signature to Permit
Fees
210 Requirement of Fee
211 Fee for Approval of Plans and work
Permits
212 Computation of Fees for work Permits
212.1 Civil penalty for work without a permit
213 Fees for Equipment Use Permits
214 Special Fees
214.1 Special Fees; Asbestos
215 Fees for the Testing, Approval,
Inspection and Use of Power Operated
Cranes, Derricks and Cableways
Inspections
216 Right of Entry and Inspection
217 Inspections of Building work
218 Inspection of Completed Buildings
219 Inspection of Construction Machinery
and Equipment, Etc.
220 Inspection of Signs
221 Inspection Reports
Certificates of Occupancy
222 Requirement of Certificate of
Occupancy
223 Occupancy of Existing Buildings
224 Issuance and Filing of Certificate of
Occupancy
Projections Beyond Street Line
225 General Restrictions on Projections
Beyond Street Line
226 Existing Projections Beyond Street
Line
227 Rules Governing Projections Beyond
Street Line
Safety in Building Operations
228 General Safety Requirements
229 Safety Requirements During
Excavation Operations
230 Protection of Roofs, Skylights, Etc.
231 Regulation of Lots
[74.0]
[75.0]
232
233
Retaining Walls
Maintenance and Repair of Protection
Fences and Retaining walls
[76.0]
234 Report and Inspection of Unsafe
Buildings and Property
Art. 8 Unsafe Buildings and Property
[80.0]
235 Removal or Repair of Structures
[80.5]
236 Record and Notice of Unsafe Structures
or Premises
[81.0]
237 Voluntary Abatement of Unsafe or
Dangerous Conditions
[81.5]
238 Survey
[82.0]
239 Judicial Review of Survey
[82.5]
240 Repair or Removal Under Precept
[83.0]
241 Provision for Expense of Executing
Precept
[83.5]
242 Return of Precept; Reimbursement of
City
[84.0]
243 Fallen Structures and Structures
Imminently Dangerous
Art. 9 Violations and Punishments
[84.5]
244 Notices of Requirements or of Violations
[85.0]
245 Emergency Measures
[85.5]
246 Judicial Remedies
[86.0]
247 Judicial Orders
[86.5]
248 Punishments
[87.0]
249 Violations of Peremptory Orders
[87.5]
250 Appeal
Art. 10 Miscellaneous Provisions
[91.0]
251 Illegal Practices in the Sale or Use of
Lumber for Construction Purposes
Prohibited
[92.0]
252 Sidewalk Sheds, Fences, Railings, Etc.
*C26 omitted from section numbers in this column.
**26 omitted from section numbers in this column.
ARTICLE 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
[C26-10.0] 26-205 Matters covered.All matters
affecting or relating to the construction, alteration, repair,
demolition, removal, maintenance, occupancy and use of
new and existing buildings in the city, including the
erection, installation, alteration, repair, maintenance, use
and operation of signs and service equipment used in or in
connection therewith, are presumptively provided for in
this subchapter and in the building code of the city. This
subchapter does not presumptively provide for matters
that are contained in the charter, the labor law, the
multiple dwelling law, subchapters one and two of this
chapter and chapter two of title twenty-seven, the zoning
resolution, or the general city law; nor does this subchapter
apply to structures on waterfront property used in conjunction
with and in the furtherance of waterfront commerce and/or
35
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
ARTICLE 3 FEES
[C26-30.0] 26-210 Requirement of fee.No work
permit or equipment use permit, when required by the
provisions of the building code, shall be issued, and no
plans or other statement describing building work, when
required by the provisions of the building code, shall be
approved, unless and until the required fee or fees therefor
shall have been paid to the department in accordance with
the provisions of this article, except that no fees shall be
payable for work permits, equipment use permits or places
of assembly permits if the owner of the building or property
affected is a corporation or association organized and
operated exclusively for religious, charitable or educational
purposes, or for one or more such purposes, no part of the
earnings of which enures to the benefits of any private
shareholder or individual, and provided that the property
affected is to be used exclusively by such corporation or
association for one or more of such purposes.
*[C26-31.0] 26-211 Fee for approval of plans and
work permits.The fees required to be paid under this section, and under
section 26-212 of this article, are for the filing and
processing of applications for the approval of plans or other
statement describing building work, the filing and
processing of permit applications, the issuance or renewal
of work permits, the inspection of building work, and the
issuance of certificates of occupancy. Fifty percent of the
total fee for the work permit, but not less than one hundred
dollars, or the total fee for the work permit where such fee
is less than one hundred dollars, shall be paid by or on
behalf of the owner or lessee of the building premises or
property affected and shall accompany the first application
for the approval of plans or other statement describing the
building work when submitted prior to submission of the
permit application; and the whole or remainder of the total
fee shall be paid before the work permit may be issued. A
fee of one hundred dollars shall be paid with an application
for renewal of a work permit. Foundation work, plumbing
work, sign and service equipment work are included in the
term "building" whenever plans for such work are required
to be filed with construction or alteration plans; otherwise,
separate fees shall be applied and collected for such work
in accordance with the provisions of this section and
section 26-212 of this article.
*Local Law 38-1990.
*[C26-32.0] 26-212 Computation of fees for work permits.Fees for work permits shall be computed as hereinafter provided:
***1. New buildings.The fees for permits to construct
new buildings and open air stadia shall be computed as
follows:
(a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b),
36
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
**5. Plumbing and fire suppression piping systems.(a) Existing buildings. - The fees for permits to install and
alter plumbing and plumbing systems and for permits to
install and alter fire suppression piping systems in existing
buildings shall be computed as follows:
(1) For a one-family, two-family or three-family dwelling,
one hundred dollars for the first five thousand dollars, or
fraction thereof, of the cost of such installation or
alteration; and five dollars and fifteen cents per one
thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, of such cost in
excess of five thousand dollars.
(2) For any building not described in subparagraph (1) of
this paragraph, one hundred dollars for the first three
thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, of the cost of such
installation or alteration; twenty dollars per one thousand
dollars or fraction thereof, of the next two thousand dollars of
such cost; and ten dollars and thirty cents per one thousand
dollars, or fraction thereof, of such cost in excess of five
thousand dollars.
(b) New buildings. - The fees for permits to install plumbing
systems and for permits to install fire suppression piping
systems in new buildings shall be computed by allocating a
portion of the fee for the permit to construct such new
building, computed in the manner provided in subdivision one,
to the applicable plumbing permit or fire suppression piping
system permit, but in no event shall the fee for a permit to
install a plumbing system or for a permit to install a fire
suppression piping system in a new building be less than one
hundred dollars. Such allocation shall be made in accordance
with rules promulgated by the commissioner. Any portion of
the fee charged for a permit to install a plumbing system or
of the fee charged for a permit to install a fire suppression
piping system in a new building that is in excess of one
hundred dollars shall be deducted from the amount of the
fee, computed in the manner provided in subdivision one,
charged for the permit to construct such new building.
**Local Law 109-1993; Local Law 107-1993; Local Law 38-1990.
37
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
* 6. Signs. --a. The fees for permits to erect, install or alter signs shall
be computed in the same manner as the computation of
fees for building alterations as provided in subdivision
two of this section. In addition, fees shall be payable to the
department as follows:
(1) For ground signs five dollars for each one hundred
square feet or fraction thereof, but not less than thirtyfive dollars.
(2) For roof signs having a tight, closed or solid surface,
fifteen dollars for each one hundred square feet or fraction
thereof, but not less than seventy dollars.
(3) For roof signs that do not have a tight, closed or solid
surface, fifteen dollars for each one hundred square feet or
fraction thereof, when such signs extend to a height of not
more than thirty-one feet above roof level, but not less
than one hundred dollars. When such signs exceed thirtyone feet above the roof level, twenty-five dollars for each one
hundred square feet or fraction thereof, but not less than one
hundred thirty-five dollars.
(4) For illuminated signs projecting beyond street line having
thirty square feet or less, forty-five dollars annually.
(5) For illuminated signs projecting beyond street line
having more than thirty square feet but no more than
fifty square feet, seventy dollars annually.
(6) For illuminated signs projecting beyond street line
and having more than fifty square feet, seventy-five
cents per square foot or part thereof annually, but not
less than one hundred dollars.
b. In computing the fees to be charged in subparagraphs
one, two and three of paragraph a of this subdivision,
each face of any sign, when fronting on different streets,
shall be treated as a separate sign.
c. In computing the fees to be charged under subparagraphs
four, five and six of paragraph a of this subdivision, only
the number of square feet of sign space on one side of
such sign shall be used in computing such fee.
* 7. Service equipment.
*Local Law 38-1990.
38
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
[C26-33.0] 26-213 Fees for equipment use permits.a. There shall be no fee for equipment use permits of
indefinite duration. In other instances, the fee for
equipment use permits shall be fifteen dollars for each
initial permit and ten dollars for each renewal permit
when the permit is for a limited term, but not to exceed
fifteen dollars annually, except as hereinafter provided.
***b. The fees for permits to use and operate boilers shall
be as follows: thirty dollars annually for a boiler inspected
pursuant to section 27-793 of this code by a duly
authorized insurance company or other qualified inspector;
sixty-five dollars annually for a high-pressure boiler inspected
pursuant to section 27-793 of this code by a department
inspector; sixty-five dollars for each boiler inspection by a
department inspector after a violation is issued.
***Local Law 62-1991; Local Law 40-1987, applies to permits applied
for and inspections performed on and after July 6, 1987.
39
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
40
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
41
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
ARTICLE 4
INSPECTIONS
ARTICLE 5
CERTIFICATES OF OCCUPANCY
[C26-40.0] 26-216 Right of entry and inspection.The commissioner or his or her authorized representatives,
in the discharge of their duties, shall have the right to
enter upon and inspect, at all reasonable times, any
buildings, enclosure, premises, or any part thereof, or any
signs or service equipment contained therein or attached
thereto, for the purpose of determining compliance with
the provisions of the building code and other applicable
building laws and regulations. Officers and employees of
the department shall identify themselves by exhibiting
the official badge of the department; and other authorized
representatives of the commissioner shall identify
themselves by producing and exhibiting their authority
in writing signed by the commissioner.
[C26-50.0] 26-222
Requirement of certificate of
occupancy.-It shall be unlawful to occupy or use any building
erected or altered after December sixth, nineteen hundred sixtyeight, unless and until a certificate of occupancy shall have been
issued by the commissioner, certifying that such building
conforms substantially to the approved plans and the provisions
of the building code and other applicable laws and regulations.
Nothing herein contained, however, shall be deemed to prohibit
the commissioner from permitting the temporary occupancy and
use of a building in accordance with and subject to the
provisions of the building code and paragraph three of
subdivision (b) of section six hundred forty-five of the charter.
42
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
43
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
44
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
45
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
original notice.
d. Precept to abate.-Upon the rendition of a verdict of
the court or decision of the referee, if such verdict or
decision shall find the structure or premises to be unsafe
or dangerous, structurally or as a fire hazard, or dangerous or
detrimental to human life, health or morals, the justice
trying the case, or to whom the report of the referee trying
the case shall be presented, shall immediately issue a
precept directed to the superintendent, reciting such
verdict or decision, and commanding him or her forthwith
to vacate and repair and secure, or to repair and secure, or
take down or remove the structure or part thereof or other
premises that shall have been named in the report, in
accordance with such verdict or decision.
[C26-82.5]*26-240 Repair or removal under precept.a. Execution of precept.- Upon receiving a precept under
the provisions of section 26-239 of this article, the
superintendent referred to therein shall immediately
proceed to execute such precept, as therein directed, and
may employ such labor and assistance and furnish such
materials as may be necessary for that purpose. A precept
requiring that the structure be repaired and secured shall
include, but not be limited to, shoring and sealing of the
structure. Whenever the demolition of any structure or
part of a structure is to be carried out pursuant to any such
precept, and the superintendent upon authorization by the
commissioner, requests of either the commissioner of
citywide administrative services or the commissioner of
the department of housing preservation and development
that such structure or part thereof be demolished, such
demolition work, as so requested, shall be performed by
or under the direction of the commissioner of citywide
administrative services in accordance with the provisions
of subdivisions b and c of section 4-204 of subchapter two
of this chapter of the code, or the commissioner of the
department of housing preservation and development.
The owner of such structure, or part thereof, or premises,
or any party interested therein, if he or she applies to the
superintendent immediately upon the issuing of such
precept and pays all costs and expenses incurred by the
city up to that time, shall be allowed to perform the
requirements of such precept at his or her own proper cost
and expense, if the performance shall be done immediately
and in accordance with the requirements of such precept.
The superintendent shall have authority to modify the
requirements of any precept upon application to him or
her in writing by the owner of such structure, or part
thereof, or premises, or his or her representative, or to seal
or shore the structure upon an application by the
commissioner of housing preservation and development,
when such superintendent shall be satisfied that such
change will secure the safety of such structure or premises
equally well. After a determination to seal or shore the
46
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
c. Vacating structures; closing streets and sidewalks.Where, in the opinion of the superintendent, there shall be
actual and immediate danger that any structure or part
thereof will fall so as to endanger life or property, or
where any structure or part thereof has fallen and life is
endangered by the occupation thereof, the superintendent
is hereby authorized and empowered to order and require
the inmates and occupants of such structure or part
47
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
48
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
49
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
complied with.
c. Responsibility of lessees or occupants.-In case any of
the notices or orders of the court herein mentioned shall
be served upon any lessee or party in possession of the
structure or premises therein described, it shall be the duty
of the person upon whom such service is made, if such
person knows [sic] the address of the owner or agent of
the structure or premises named in the notice, to give
immediate notice to such owner or agent if such owner or
agent shall be within the city, and his or her residence be
known to such person, and, if such owner or agent shall
be outside the city, by depositing such notice in any post
office in the city, properly enclosed in a post paid wrapper
addressed to such owner or agent at his or her then known
place of residence.
d. Designation of agent by an owner of a structure.-Any
owner of real estate or of a structure thereon may execute
and acknowledge a written designation of a resident of the
city upon whom may be served any notice of violation,
notice to make safe, notice of survey, summons, mandate, or
any paper or process, issued under a provision of this
subchapter or chapter one of title twenty-seven of the code,
and may file such designation, with the written consent of the
person so designated, duly acknowledged in the office of the
superintendent. Such designation must specify the location of
the property with respect to which the designation is made,
the residence and place of business of the person making it
and of the person designated. Such designation shall remain
in force during the period specified therein, if any, or until
revoked by the death or legal incompetency of either of the
parties, or until the filing of a revocation by either of the
parties, duly acknowledged and endorsed, with the consent
of the superintendent. The superintendent shall file and index
each designation and shall note, upon the original
designation and index, the filing of a revocation. While the
designation remains in force, as prescribed in this article, a
notice of violation, notice to make safe, notice of survey,
summons, mandate, or any paper or process under any
provision of this subchapter or chapter one of title twentyseven of the code, shall be served upon the person so
designated, in like manner and with like effect, as if it were
served personally upon the person making the designation,
even if such person be present in the city.
e. Reimbursement of city for expenses.-The expenses and
disbursements incurred in the carrying out of any order issued as
provided in subdivisions a and b of this section shall become a
lien upon the structure or premises named in the order, from the
time of filing of a copy of the order, with a notice of lis pendens
as provided in this subchapter or chapter one of title twentyseven of the code, in the office of the clerk of the county where
the property affected by such action, suit or proceeding is
located; and the supreme court, to whom application shall be
made, is hereby authorized and directed to grant any of
50
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
51
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
52
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
53
52a
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
54
52b
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
53
Title 26 / Subchapter 3
54
Title 26 / Subchapter 4
**SUBCHAPTER 4
REGULATION OF OUTDOOR SIGNS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
*Art. or
Section*
Article 1
253
254
255
256
257
258
Article 2
259
260
261
262
263
ARTICLE 1
MAINTENANCE PERMIT FOR OUTDOOR SIGNS
26-253 Permit required.***a. The commissioner may, in his or her discretion,
when necessary in the public interest, establish a permit
requirement for signs maintained in the areas described
in this section in accordance with the provisions of this
article and the rules of the department. On and after a date
to be provided by the rules establishing such a permit requirement,
and subject to the provisions of section 26-258 of this code,
it shall be unlawful to place or maintain a sign, as defined
in section 12-10 of the zoning resolution on any building or
premises unless a permit for the maintenance of such sign has
been issued by the department pursuant to this article if
such sign is within a distance of nine hundred linear feet
from and within view of an arterial highway or within a
distance of two hundred linear feet from and within view
of a public park with an area of one half acre or more.
***(b) Where a sign maintenance permit has been
established by the commissioner pursuant to section 26253 (a) such permit shall be required for all signs
maintained in the areas described in section 26-253 (a), and
not otherwise excluded under section 26-258, whether or
not a permit is required and/or has been issued for the
installation, alteration or erection of such sign pursuant to
sections 27-147, 27-148 and article sixteen of sub-chapter one of
title twenty-seven of this code.
***Local Law 31-2005; Local Law 14-2001.
55
Title 26 / Subchapter 4
ARTICLE 2
OUTDOOR ADVERTISING COMPANIES
26-259 Definitions.- As used in this subchapter, the
following terms shall have the following meanings:
***a. The term affiliate means an outdoor advertising
company having a controlling interest in another outdoor
advertising company or in which such other outdoor advertising
company has a controlling interest. In addition, where a
person or entity has controlling interests in two or more
outdoor advertising companies, such outdoor advertising
companies shall be considered affiliates of each other. A
controlling interest means actual working control, in
whatever manner exercised, including without limitation,
control through ownership, management, debt instruments
or negative control, as the case may be, as defined in
rules of the department.
***b. The term outdoor advertising company means
a person, corporation, partnership or other business entity
that as a part of the regular conduct of its business engages in
or, by way of advertising, promotions or other methods, holds
itself out as engaging in the outdoor advertising business.
***c. The term outdoor advertising business means
the business of selling, leasing, marketing, managing, or
otherwise either directly or indirectly making space on
signs situated on buildings and premises within the city
of New York available to others for advertising purposes,
revision: July 1, 2008
56
Title 26 / Subchapter 4
57
Title 26 / Subchapter 4
58
Title 27 / Subchapter 1
TITLE 27
CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
123.1
CHAPTER 1
BUILDING CODE
SUBCHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
Art.
*
**
or Sec.
or Sec.]
[100.0]
Art. 1
General Provisions
[100.1]
101
Title
[100.2]
102
Purpose
[100.3]
103
Scope
[100.4]
104
Interpretation
[100.5]
105
Effective Date
[100.6]
106
Enforcement
[100.7]
107
Variations
[100.9]
108
Application of References
[101.0]
Art. 2
Matters Covered
[101.1]
109
Building Matters Covered
[101.2]
110
Matters Not Provided For
[102.0]
Art. 3
Continuation and Change in Use
[102.1]
111
Continuation of Lawful
Existing Use
[102.2]
112
Change in Occupancy or Use
[102.3]
113
Continuation of Unlawful
Existing Use
[103.0]
Art. 4
Alteration of Existing
Buildings
[103.0]
114
Alteration of Existing
Buildings
[103.1]
115
Alterations Exceeding Sixty
Percent of Building Value
[103.2]
116
Alterations Between Thirty
Percent and Sixty Percent of
Building Value
[103.3]
117
Alterations Under Thirty
Percent of Building Value
[103.4]
118
Alterations Involving Change
in Occupancy or Use
118.1
Illegal Alterations Involving
Change in Occupancy
[103.5]
119
Alteration Cost: Building Value
[103.6]
120
Alterations to Multiple
Dwellings and Conversions
to Multiple Dwellings
[103.7]
121
Alterations to Residence
Buildings
[103.8]
122
Alterations, Conversions from
Seasonal to Year Round Use
[103.9]
123
Alterations, High Hazard
Occupancies
123.2
[104.0]
123.3
Art. 5
[104.1]
[104.2]
[104.3]
124
125
126
[105.0]
[105.1]
Art. 6
127
[105.2]
[105.3]
128
129
[106.0]
Art. 7
[106.1]
[106.2]
130
131
[106.3]
131.1
132
[106.4]
133
[107.0]
[107.1]
[107.2]
Art. 8
134
135
[107.3]
136
[107.4]
137
[108.0]
[108.1]
Art. 9
138
[108.2]
139
[108.3]
140
140.1
[108.4]
[108.5]
[108.6]
141
142
143
Alterations, Additions,
Repairs and Changes in
Occupancy or Use
Requiring Facilities for
People Having Physical
Disabilities
Provision of Sprinklers
in Existing Buildings
Definitions
Minor Alterations:
Ordinary Repairs
Minor Alterations
Ordinary Repairs
Work Not Constituting
Minor Alterations or
Ordinary Repairs
Maintenance
Maintenance
Requirements
Owner Responsibility
Exterior Walls and
Appurtenances Thereof
Materials, Assemblies,
Forms and Methods of
Construction
General Requirements
Acceptance
Requirements
Reference Standards
Inspection
Requirements
Alternate or Equivalent
Materials
Service Equipment
General Requirements
Acceptance
Requirements
Inspection
Requirements
Alternate or Equivalent
Equipment
Approval of Plans
Separate Approval of
Plans Required
Application for Approval of
Plans
Applicant
Registration
Requirements
Plans
Applicant's Statement
Examination of
Application and Plans
59
Title 27 / Subchapter 1
143.1
143.2
[108.7]
[108.8]
[108.9]
[109.0]
[109.1]
[109.2]
[109.3]
[109.4]
[109.5]
[109.6]
144
145
146
Art. 10
147
148
149
150
151
152
[109.7]
[109.8]
153
154
[109.9]
155
[110.0]
Art. 11
[110.1]
[110.2]
[110.3]
[110.4]
[110.5]
156
157
158
159
160
[111.0]
Art. 12
[111.1]
[111.2]
[112.0]
161
162
Art. 13
[112.1]
[112.2]
[112.3]
[112.4]
163
164
165
166
[113.0]
Art. 14
[113.1]
[113.2]
167
168
[113.3]
[113.4]
169
170
[113.5]
[114.0]
171
Art. 15
[114.1]
[114.2]
[114.3]
172
173
174
[114.4]
175
Examination of Application
Plans Submitted by Certain
Professionals on Probation
by State Board of Regents
Professional Certification of
Application and Plans
Approval of Application and Plans
Conditional Approval of Plans
Endorsement of Approved Plans
Permits
When Permits Required
Classification of Permits
Separate Permits Required
Application for Permit
Applicant
Other Application
Requirements
Place of Filing Applications
Amendments to
Applications
Time Limitation of
Application
Applications for New
Building Permits
General Requirements
Plans Required
Datum
Additional Information
Certification of Performance
Bond, License and Insurance
Required
Applications for Building
Alteration Permits
General Requirements
Plans Required
Applications for Foundation
and Earthwork Permits
General Requirements
Plans Required
Notice to Adjoining Owners
Protection of Adjoining
Properties
Applications for Demolition
and Removal Permits
General Requirements
Requirement of
Certifications
Notice to Adjoining Owners
Protection of Lot and
Adjoining Properties
Requirement of Photographs
Applications for Plumbing
Permits
General Requirements
Plans Required
Exemptions from Plan
Requirements
Alteration and Repair Slip
[114.5]
176
Title 27 / Subchapter 1
198.3
[119.0]
[119.1]
[119.2]
[119.3]
[119.4]
[119.5]
Art. 20
199
200
201
202
203
[119.6]
[120.0]
[120.1]
204
Art. 21
205
[120.2]
[120.3]
[120.4]
[120.5]
206
207
208
209
[120.6]
[120.7]
210
211
[120.8]
[121.0]
[121.1]
[121.2]
212
Art. 22
213
214
[121.3]
[121.4]
[121.5]
[121.6]
[121.7]
215
216
217
218
219
[121.8]
[121.9]
[121.10]
220
221
222
[121.11]
[121.12]
[122.0]
[122.1]
[122.2]
[123.0]
[123.1]
[123.2]
[124.0]
[124.1]
[124.2]
[124.3]
[124.4]
[125.0]
[125.1]
223
224
Art. 23
225
226
Art. 24
227
228
Art. 25
228.1
228.2
228.3
228.4
Art. 26
228.5
Occupancy Multiple
Dwellings Prohibited
Relocation of Tenants in
Occupancy in Certain Single
Room Occupancy Multiple
Dwellings
Conditions of Permit
Payment of Fees
Compliance with Code, Etc.
Compliance with
Application, Plans, Etc.
Adherence to Lot Diagram
Compliance with Safety
Requirements
Builder's pavement
Department Inspections
Right of Entry and
Inspection
Identification of Inspectors
General Provisions
Preliminary Inspection
Inspections During Progress
of Work
Final Inspection
Inspection of Completed
Buildings
Inspection Reports
Certificates of Occupancy
General Provisions
New Buildings; Sidewalk
Requirements
Altered Buildings
Existing Buildings
Change of Occupancy or Use
Temporary Occupancy
Applications for Certificates
of Occupancy
Applicant
Statement of Compliance
Issuance of Certificates of
Occupancy
Contents of Certificates
Record of Certificates
Posting Buildings
Posted Occupancy and Use
Replacement of Posted Signs
Stop-Work Order
Stop-Work Notice and Order
Unlawful Continuance
Fire Protection Plan
Applicability
Scope
General Requirements
Retroactivity
Special Filing Requirements
General Requirements
Art. 27
228.6
228.7
228.8
228.9
228.10
228.11
228.12
228.13
228.14
228.15
228.16
61
Title 27 / Subchapter 1
[C26-101.1] 27-109 Building matters covered.The provisions of this code shall cover all matters
affecting or relating to buildings, as set forth in section
27-103 of article one of this subchapter, and shall extend
to excavation operations, and to all types of buildings
and structures and their appurtenant constructions, including
vaults, signs, projections, and accessory additions, together
with all surface and sub-surface construction within the
curb line, including curb cuts and driveways, the coverings
thereof and entrances thereto, and the issuance of
permits in reference thereto.
[C26-101.2] 27-110 Matters not provided for.- Any
matter or requirement essential for the fire or structural
safety of a new or existing building or essential for the
safety or health of the occupants or users thereof or the
public, and which is not covered by the provisions of this
code or other applicable laws and regulations, shall be
subject to determination and requirements by the
commissioner in specific cases.
ARTICLE 3 CONTINUATION AND CHANGE IN USE
[C26-102.1] 27-111 Continuation of lawful existing use.The lawful occupancy and use of any building, including
the use of any service equipment therein, existing on
the effective date of this code or thereafter constructed or
installed in accordance with prior code requirements, as
provided in section 27-105 of article one of this subchapter,
may be continued unless a retroactive change is specifically
required by the provisions of this code.
[C26-102.2] 27-112 Change in occupancy or use.Changes in the occupancy or use of any building may be
made after the effective date of this code, subject to the
provisions of section 27-217 of article twenty-two of
this subchapter. After a change in occupancy or use has
been made in a building, the re-establishment of a prior
occupancy or use that would not be lawful in a new
building of the same construction class shall be prohibited
unless and until all the applicable provisions of this code
and other applicable laws and regulations for such reestablished occupancy or use shall have been complied
with. A change from a use prohibited by the provisions of
this code, but which was permitted prior to the effective
date of this code, to another use prohibited by the provisions
of this code shall be deemed a violation of this code.
[C26-102.3] 27-113 Continuation of unlawful existing use.The continuation of the unlawful occupancy or use of
a building after the effective date of this code, contrary
to the provisions of this code, shall be deemed a
violation of this code.
62
Title 27 / Subchapter 1
63
Title 27 / Subchapter 1
control board pursuant to the provisions of section 26126.1 of this code. Upon the finding of such violation
and the imposition of the civil penalty, the Environmental
Control Board shall forward to the Internal Revenue
Service, the New York State Department of Taxation and
Finance and the New York City Department of Finance
the name and address of the respondent, the address of the
building or structure with respect to which the violation
occurred, and the time period during which the violation
was found to have existed.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by section 42-03 of
the zoning resolution and the multiple dwelling law, no
person, except in accordance with all requirements of this
code, shall convert for residential use or dwelling,
knowingly take part or assist in such conversion, or
permit the maintenance of such conversion, of any space
in a building or other structure part or all of which is
legally approved for occupancy for the purpose of
industrial or manufacturing use. Any person who shall
violate or fail to comply with the provisions of this
subdivision shall be liable for a civil penalty which may
be recovered in a proceeding before the environmental
control board pursuant to the provisions of section 26126.1 of this code. Upon the finding of such violation
and the imposition of the civil penalty, the environmental
control board shall forward to the internal revenue
service, the New York state department of taxation and
finance and the New York city department of finance the
name and address of the respondent, the address of the
building or structure with respect to which the violation
occurred, and the time period during which the violation
was found to have existed.
Local Law 37-2007; Local Law 65-1997.
[C26-103.5] 27-119 Alteration cost: building value.For the purpose of applying the foregoing provisions of this
article, the cost of making alterations shall be determined by
adding the estimated cost of making the proposed alterations
computed as of the time of submitting the permit application,
to the actual cost of any and all alterations made in the
preceding 12-month period; and the value of the building
shall be determined at the option of the applicant on the basis
of one and one-quarter times the current assessed valuation
of the building, as adjusted by the current State equalization
rate, or on the basis of the current replacement cost of the
building, provided that satisfactory evidence of current
replacement cost is submitted to the commissioner.
[C26-103.6] 27-120 Alterations to multiple dwelling[s]*
and conversions to multiple dwellings.- At the option of the
owner, regardless of the cost of the alteration or conversion, an
alteration may be made to a multiple dwelling or a building
may be converted to a multiple dwelling in accordance with all
requirements of this code or in accordance with all applicable
laws in existence prior to December sixth, nineteen hundred
sixty-eight, provided the general safety and public welfare are
not thereby endangered.
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27-123.2 Provision of sprinklers in existing buildings.Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, the
provisions of section 27-954 of this code shall apply to
alterations made to buildings, as well as to changes in
occupancy or use, as set forth below:
(a) The provisions of section 27-954 of this code shall
apply to an entire existing building that is being altered,
when such building is classified in occupancy group J-2
and will have four or more dwelling units upon the
completion of the alterations, or is classified in occupancy
group J-1, and when the costs of making any alterations to
any such J-1 or J-2 building within any twelve-month
period exceeds fifty percent of the building value.
(b) The provisions of section 27-954 of this code shall
apply to an entire existing building when the occupancy
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ARTICLE 6 MAINTENANCE
[C26-105.1] 27-127 Maintenance requirements.- All
buildings and all parts thereof shall be maintained in a
safe condition. All service equipment, means of egress,
devices, and safeguards that are required in a building by
the provisions of this code or other applicable laws or
regulations, or that were required by law when the building
was erected, altered, or repaired, shall be maintained in good
working order.
[C26-105.2] 27-128 Owner responsibility.- The owner
shall be responsible at all times for the safe maintenance
of the building and its facilities.
*[C26-105.3] 27-129 Exterior walls and appurtenances
thereof.-
***(a)
Inspection requirements.- A critical
examination of an applicable building's exterior walls and
appurtenances thereof shall be conducted at periodic
intervals as set forth by rule of the commissioner, but
such examination shall be conducted at least once every
five years. No later than January 1, 2009 the
commissioner shall by rule establish staggered
inspection cycles for buildings required to comply with
this section.
***Local Law 38-2007.
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*** 27-140.1 Registration requirements.(a) No person, other than those described in subdivision
(c) of this section, may present, submit, furnish or seek
approval of applications for approval of plans or remove
any documents from the possession of the department,
without first having registered with the department his or
her name, address and company affiliation on a form to be
furnished by the department. Consistent with article
twenty-three-A of the correction law, registration may be
denied to any person who has been convicted of a
criminal offense relating to bribing or receipt of a bribe,
giving or receiving unlawful gratuities, official misconduct,
or other corruption-related acts. The commissioner, after
due notice and a hearing before the office of administrative
trials and hearings, pursuant to section one thousand
forty-eight of the charter and rules established thereunder,
shall have the power to revoke, suspend or limit the
registration of any person upon a finding that such person
has willfully or negligently violated the rules of the
department or has engaged in any misconduct arising out
of his or her business dealings with the department.
Misconduct shall be defined by the rules of the
commissioner promulgated pursuant to subdivision (d) of
this section.
(b) No person shall use the term "registered with the
department of buildings", "registered" or any similar
representation in such a manner as to convey the impression
that such person is registered with the department of
buildings unless such person is registered in accordance with
the provisions of this section.
(c) The following persons are exempt from the
provisions of this section:
(i) the owners of the premises for which the
building applications are filed including, in the case of
partnerships or corporations, the general partners or the
principal officers of the corporation. Principal officers of
a corporation shall include the president, vice presidents,
secretary and treasurer;
(ii) the lessees of such premises authorized by the
owner to file building applications;
(iii) condominium unit owners authorized by the
condominium board of managers to file building applications;
(iv) cooperative shareholders authorized by the
cooperative board of directors to file building applications;
(v) registered architects licensed by the New York
state department of education;
(vi) professional engineers licensed by the New
York state department of education;
(vii) attorneys admitted to practice in New York state;
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*[C26-108.7] 27-144 Approval of application and plans.Except as otherwise provided in section 27-198 and section
27-198.1 of article nineteen of this subchapter, applications
and plans complying with the provisions of this code and
other applicable laws and regulations shall be approved by
the commissioner and written notice of approval shall be
given the applicant promptly and no later than forty calendar
days after the submission thereof, and applications and plans
failing to comply with the provisions of this code and other
applicable laws and regulations shall be rejected and written
notice of rejection, stating the grounds of rejection, shall be
given the applicant promptly and not later than forty calendar
days after the submission thereof, except that on or before the
fortieth day, the commissioner may on good cause shown, and
upon notification to the applicant, extend such times for an
additional twenty days. Whenever an application and
accompanying plans have been rejected and are thereafter
revised and resubmitted to meet stated grounds of rejection,
the revised application and plans shall be approved if they
meet the stated grounds of rejection, or shall be rejected if
they fail to meet the stated grounds of rejection; and written
notice of approval or written notice of rejection, stating the
grounds of rejection, shall be given the applicant promptly
and not later than twenty calendar days after the
resubmission thereof.
*Local Law 76-1985, language juxtaposed per Ch. 907-1985.
[C26-108.8] 27-145 Conditional approval of plans.All approvals of plans given prior to the submission of the
work permit application shall be conditioned upon and
subject to compliance with the requirements of this code
and other applicable laws and regulations in effect at the
time of submission of the permit application, and shall
also be conditioned upon the submission of the work
permit application not later than twelve months after the
date of notice of plan approval.
ARTICLE 10 [REPEALED]
PERMITS
[C26-109.2] 27-148 Classification of permits.For the purposes of this code, permits shall be
classified as follows:
(a) New building permits: for the construction of
new buildings, as provided in article eleven of this
subchapter.
[C26-108.9] 27-146 Endorsement of approved plans.All plans and amendments thereto, when approved by the
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*[C26-109.4] 27-150 Application for permit.All applications for permits shall be submitted on forms
furnished by the department, and shall be accompanied by
the required fee. The application shall contain a general
description of the proposed work or equipment, its location,
and such other pertinent information as required pursuant to
section 27-198.1 or as the commissioner may require.
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ARTICLE 12 [REPEALED]
APPLICATIONS FOR BUILDING
ALTERATION PERMITS
[C26-111.1] 27-161 General requirements.All applications for permits to alter existing buildings
shall be subject to the requirements of articles nine
and ten of this subchapter and section 27-156 of
article eleven of this subchapter.
***[C26-111.2] 27-162 Plans required.- All such
applications shall be accompanied by such architectural,
structural, and mechanical plans as may be necessary
to indicate the nature and extent of the proposed
alteration work and its compliance with the provisions
of this code and other applicable laws and regulations.
To the extent necessary, all such applications and plans
shall be subject to and shall comply with the requirements
of sections 27-157, 27-158, and 27-159 of article
eleven of this subchapter. Whenever the proposed
alteration work consists of the construction of a substantial
horizontal enlargement as defined in subdivision (a) of
section P110.2 of reference standard RS-16, the
applicant shall submit information as to the availability of
a public sewer system pursuant to paragraph three of
subdivision (c) of section 27-157 of this code as well
as an evaluation of the adequacy of any existing system
for the disposal of storm water by any means other
than storm or combined sewers, prepared pursuant to
paragraph four of subdivision (c) of section 27-157 of
this code. The plans may be submitted with the
application for the permit or prior thereto, as provided
in section 27-138 of article nine of this subchapter.
*** Local Law 103-1989.
ARTICLE 13 [REPEALED]
APPLICATIONS FOR FOUNDATION AND
EARTHWORK PERMITS
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[C26-112.4] 27-166 Protection of adjoining properties.All foundation and earthwork operations shall be
performed in accordance with the requirements of
subchapters eleven and nineteen of this code; and all lots,
buildings and service facilities adjoining the foundation
and earthwork areas shall be protected and supported in
accordance with the requirements of subchapters eleven
and nineteen of this code and subchapter seventeen of
chapter one of title twenty-six of the administrative code.
ARTICLE 14 [REPEALED]
APPLICATIONS FOR DEMOLITION AND
REMOVAL PERMITS
[C26-113.1]
27-167
General
requirements.All
applications for demolition or removal permits shall be
subject to the requirements of article ten, section 27-156
of article eleven, section 27-198 and section 27-198.1 of
article nineteen of this subchapter.
[C26-113.2] 27-168 Requirement of certifications.(a) Prior to the issuance of the permit, all gas, electric,
water, steam, and other service lines to the building shall
be disconnected and certifications to that effect by the
respective utility companies or city agencies having
jurisdiction shall be filed with the department; and the
applicant shall also file with the department a certification
by a licensed exterminator that the building has been
treated effectively for rat extermination.
(b) In addition to all other requirements of this article, an
application for a permit for the demolition or removal of an
existing multiple dwelling shall be accompanied by a signed
statement of the applicant certifying either (1) that the
dwelling contains no occupied housing accommodations
subject to control under chapter three of title twenty-six of
the administrative code, or (2) that the owner has notified the
city rent agency of his or her intention to apply for such
permit and has complied with all requirements imposed by
the regulations of such agency as preconditions of such
application.
*[C26-113.3] 27-169 Notice to adjoining owners.No demolition or removal permit shall be issued
unless and until at least five days prior written notice
of the permit application shall have been given by the
applicant to the owners of all adjoining lots, buildings
and service facilities which may be affected by the
proposed demolition or removal work, except that
any demolition or removal work that is to be done
with the use of explosives shall also be subject to the
notice requirements set forth in section 27-4038.1 of
this code.
*Local Law 65-2007.
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[C26-114.5] 27-176 Exemptions from permit requirement.Plumbing permits shall not be required for the
installation or alteration of gas service piping or gas
meter piping including meters, valves, regulators, and
related equipment, when such work is to be performed
and serviced and maintained by utility corporations
subject to the jurisdiction of the public service
commission; nor shall plumbing permits be required
for the emergency repair of gas distribution piping
when such work is performed by licensed master
plumbers or by utility corporations subject to the
jurisdiction of the public service commission, in
order to alleviate hazardous conditions, provided that
a written report describing the details of such repairs
shall be filed with the commissioner upon completion
of the work.
ARTICLE 16 [REPEALED]
APPLICATIONS FOR SIGN PERMITS
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[C26-115.3] 27-179 Exemptions from permit requirements.Sign permits shall not be required where the sign is:
(a) Painted directly on the exterior wall surface of a
building or on the surface of a fence.
(b) A wall sign of not more than six square feet in area.
(c) A sign erected by employees of a city or other
governmental agency, including traffic and other similar signs.
(d) A ground sign advertising the sale or rental of the
premises on which it is erected, provided the sign does
not exceed twelve square feet in area.
(e) A temporary sign erected during construction work
and related thereto.
(f) A temporary sign for special decorative display
use for holidays, public demonstrations, or the promotion
of civic, welfare or charitable purposes, except that signs
that utilize streets or cross streets shall be subject to the
requirements of the department of highways.
ARTICLE 17 [REPEALED]
APPLICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT WORK PERMITS
(a) Air conditioning and ventilating systems.Plans for air conditioning and ventilating systems
shall contain at least the following data and
information:
(1) The location and sizes of all ducts; the
location of all fire dampers, motors, fans, and filters;
the type, air capacity, and size of all equipment; and
where the plans are not accompanied by structural
plans, the operating weight and manner of support of
all equipment weighing in excess of one thousand
pounds.
(2) The locations of smoke detecting devices.
(3) The location and size of the fresh air intake,
the design population, and the index for ventilation
for each room or space.
(4) The amount of air to be exhausted or
supplied from each outlet for each room or space.
In the case of ventilating or exhaust systems for
ranges, fryers, ovens, and other similar types of
restaurant or bakery equipment, for which a hood is
required, the plans shall also show the type of
extinguishing system, the location of heat detection
devices, nozzles, piping, gas controls, manual and
automatic control valves, method of joining ducts,
method and location of discharging exhaust from
building, the location of break-glass controls, and the
quantity in cfm designed for each hood.
(b) Elevators, etc.- Plans for elevators, escalators,
moving walks and stairways, dumbwaiters, and
similar equipment shall contain at least the following
data and information.
(1) The location of all machinery, switchboards,
junction boxes, and reaction points, with loads
indicated.
(2) The details of all hoistway conditions
including bracket spacing.
(3) The estimated maximum vertical forces on
the guide rails on application of the safety device.
(4) In the case of freight elevators for class B or
C loading, the horizontal forces on the guide-rail
faces during loading and unloading; and the
estimated maximum horizontal forces in a post wise
direction on the guide-rail faces on application of the
safety device.
(5) The size and weight per foot of any rail
reinforcements where provided.
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[C26-116.4] 27-183 Exemptions from plan requirements.The submission of plans shall not be required in
connection with applications for permits to install or alter
fuel-burning and fuel-oil storage equipment under any of
the following conditions. However, the commissioner
may require the filing of sketches showing compliance
with the provisions of this code.
(a) The equipment is to be used for heating a one- or
two-family dwelling.
(b) The equipment is fed by gas fuel and is not used
with an incinerator.
(c) The capacity of the equipment does not exceed
three hundred fifty thousand btu per hour and the capacity
of each of the oil storage tanks for the equipment does not
exceed two hundred seventy-five gallons, unless the tanks
are buried, or are in a multiple dwelling, or in a building
adjacent to the line of a subway, or are located above the
lowest story of a building, or unless the fuel-burning
equipment is located above the lowest story of a building.
[C26-116.5] 27-184 Exemptions from permit
requirement.- An equipment work permit shall not be
required in any of the following cases:
(a) Air-conditioning and ventilating systems.- Where
the system is a voluntary system serving only one floor of
a building and:
(1) Does not use lot line windows for the intake or
exhaust of air or the mounting of equipment.
(2) Is not installed in any public hallway, passageway,
or stairway.
* 27-184.1 Alteration and repair slip. (a) An application for an equipment work permit
for work on an existing combined standpipe or
sprinkler system may be treated as an application for
an alteration and repair slip where the total cost of the
proposed work within the building, as certified by the
permit applicant, does not exceed ten thousand
dollars in any twelve month period and the proposed
work consists of any of the following:
(1)
Replacement of parts required for the
operation of a combined standpipe or sprinkler
system. In the event of emergency an application for
an alteration and repair slip must be filed within
twenty-four hours after the commencement of the
repairs.
(2) Replacement of sprinkler heads. Provided
that orifice sizes, type and deflector position remain
the same.
(3) Changes that do not alter the type of sprinkler system.
(4) Relocation of piping that does not effect the
operation of the sprinkler system.
(5) Rearrangement of not more than twenty sprinkler
heads in areas presently sprinklered in light hazard
occupancy which will remain light hazard
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ARTICLE 18 [REPEALED]
APPLICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT USE PERMITS
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[C26-118.2] 27-192 Approval of application in part.The commissioner may approve the application and issue
a permit for construction of part of a building, including
foundations, before complete plans and specifications for
the entire building have been submitted and approved, provided
that adequate information and detailed plans or statements
have been submitted complying with the provisions of
this code and any other applicable laws and regulations,
and provided further that the holder of such permit shall
proceed with the building operation at his or her own risk
and without assurance that a permit for construction of the
entire building will thereafter be issued.
[C26-118.3] 27-193 Signature to permit.- Every permit
issued by the commissioner shall have his or her signature
affixed thereto; but the commissioner may authorize any
subordinate to affix such signature.
[C26-118.4] 27-194 Posting of permit.- A permit card
bearing the permit number, application number, location of
the premises or equipment for which the permit is issued, and
revision: July 1, 2008
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ARTICLE 20 [REPEALED]
CONDITIONS OF PERMIT
[C26-119.1] 27-199 Payment of fees.- No permit
shall be issued unless and until the required fee or
fees therefor, as prescribed in subchapter three of
chapter one of title twenty-six of the administrative
code shall have been paid.
[C26-119.2] 27-200 Compliance with code, etc.Permits shall be deemed to incorporate the provisions
[sic] that the applicant, his or her agent, employees,
and contractors shall carry out the permitted work or
use in accordance with the provisions of this code
and other applicable laws and regulations, whether
specified or not, except insofar as variations
therefrom have been legally permitted or authorized.
C26-119.3] 27-201 Compliance with application,
plans, etc.All work shall conform to the approved application
and accompanying plans and papers, and any
approved amendments thereto.
[C26-119.4] 27-202 Adherence to lot diagram.All work shall be located strictly in accordance with
the approved lot diagram; and no lot or plot shall be
changed, increased or diminished in area from that
shown on the approved lot diagram, unless and until a
revised diagram showing such changes, accompanied
by the necessary statement of the owner or applicant,
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ARTICLE 21 [REPEALED]
DEPARTMENT INSPECTIONS
[C26-120.1] 27-205 Right of entry and inspection.The commissioner or his or her authorized
representatives, in the discharge of their duties, shall
have authority to enter upon and examine and inspect at
all reasonable times any building, enclosure, or
premises, or any part thereof, or any signs or service
equipment attached thereto or contained therein, for the
purpose of determining compliance with the provisions
of this code and other applicable laws and regulations.
[C26-120.2] 27-206 Identification of inspectors.Officers and employees of the department, in the
discharge of their duties, shall identify themselves by
exhibiting the official badge of the department; and
other authorized representatives of the commissioner
shall identify themselves by producing and exhibiting
their authority in writing signed by the commissioner.
[C26-120.3]
27-207
General provisions.- All
examinations and inspections, including all tests in
connection therewith, as required by the provisions of
this code and other applicable laws and regulations,
shall be made and conducted under the direction of
the commissioner and in accordance with such
inspection and test procedures as may be prescribed
by the provisions of this code or other applicable
laws and regulations, with the expense of all tests to
be borne by the owner or lessee, or the contractor
performing the work. The commissioner may accept
inspection and test reports from officers and employees
of the department and other government agencies.
The commissioner may accept signed statements and
supporting inspection and test reports filed by
architects, engineers or persons superintending construction
work and the installation of equipment, under and
pursuant to the requirements of sections 27-131, 27132, 27-135 and 27-136 of this subchapter.
[C26-120.4] 27-208 Preliminary inspection.Before the issuance of a work permit, the commissioner
may cause an examination and inspection to be made
at the site of the proposed work.
[C26-120.5] 27-209 Inspections during progress
of work.- After the issuance of a work permit,
inspections shall be made during the progress of the
work at such times or at such stages of the work and
in such manner as the commissioner shall direct; and
such inspections shall include inspection of machinery
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[C26-121.2] 27-214 New buildings; sidewalk requirements.a. Except as permitted under the provisions of section
27-218 of this article, no building hereafter constructed
shall be occupied or used, in whole or in part, unless and
until a certificate of occupancy shall have been issued
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**[C26-121.4]
27-216
Existing buildings.- Upon
application by the owner of an existing building, and subject
to the provisions of section 27-111 of article three of this
subchapter, the commissioner shall issue a certificate of
occupancy for such building, provided that at the time of
issuing such certificate, no notices of violation or other
notices or orders affecting the building as they relate to the
provisions of this code are pending before the department of
buildings, and provided further that it is established to the
satisfaction of the commissioner, after inspection and
investigation, that the alleged use of the building has heretofore
legally existed. The issuance of a certificate of occupancy for
any existing building on waterfront property not used in
conjunction with and in furtherance of waterfront commerce
and/or navigation shall be conditioned upon compliance with
the provisions of this code regulating means of egress, and
upon the issuance of a certificate of completion by the
commissioner of ports and trade, and shall be limited to the
uses and purposes certified to therein.
**Local Law 14-1989; Local Law 5-1986, language juxtaposed per
Ch. 907-1985.
[C26-121.5] 27-217 Change of occupancy or use.(a) No change shall be made in the occupancy or use
of an existing building which is inconsistent with the last
issued certificate of occupancy for such building, or
which would bring it under some special provision of this
code or other applicable law or regulation, unless a new
certificate of occupancy is issued by the commissioner
certifying that such building or part thereof conform to all
of the applicable provisions of this code and all other
applicable laws and regulations for the proposed new
occupancy or use.
(b) Except as provided by law, a new certificate of
occupancy shall not be required where the change of use
is within the same use group as listed in the amended
zoning resolution. Where a building exceeds three stories
in height and the change does not exceed twenty per cent
of the total floor area, an amendment to the existing
certificate of occupancy for such new use shall be issued
by the commissioner certifying that the proposed new
occupancy and use conforms to the provisions of the laws
governing building construction and that the proposed use
will not be in conflict with any provisions of the labor
law, multiple dwelling law or the zoning resolution.
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[C26-123.1] 27-227 Stop-Work notice and order.Upon notice from the commissioner, or his or her
authorized representatives, that any work at any
building or building site is being executed in
violation of the provisions of this code or other
applicable laws or regulations, or in a dangerous or
unsafe manner, such work shall immediately be
stopped. The notice shall be given to the owner or
lessee of the property involved, or to the agent of
either of them, or to the person or persons doing the
work, and may be continued in a stop-work order
issued by the commissioner stating the reasons for
the issuance of the order and the conditions under
which the work may be resumed.
[Conditions warranting issuance of a stop work order
include but are not limited to, failure to have a construction
site safety coordinator present in the course of ongoing construction at those sites where department
rules and regulations requires that a construction site
safety coordinator be designated and present; the
failure to erect a sidewalk shed (or portions thereof),
as required by Section C26-1901.5 of the administrative
code, or the removal of a sidewalk shed or portions thereof,
when such sidewalk shed is still required pursuant to
Section C26-1901.5 of the administrative code.
In addition to the penalties provided for in this title,
failure to comply with a stop work order shall be subject
to the payment of a penalty in the sum of $500 for
each day there is non-compliance, to be recovered in
a civil action brought in the name of the commissioner;
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The one year report shall contain an affidavit by the owner of the building
acknowledging that sprinklers are required to be installed in such building on or
before July 1, 2019 in compliance with subdivision (a) of section 27-929.1 of this
code and indicating his or her intention to comply with such requirement.
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Title27
27 // Subchapter
Subchapter 11
27-228.8 Examination and approval of plans.(a) The corporation shall examine and approve plans
in accordance with and in the manner prescribed by the
provisions of the charter, the code and the rules of the
department relating to the examination and approval of
plans by the department, except as hereinafter provided.
(b) Except where authorized by the commissioner, the
corporation shall not have the authority to designate
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27-228.15 Performance review by the commissioner.The commissioner shall establish such procedures for the
audit, inspection, examination and review of services
performed by the corporation on behalf of the
department as may be necessary to ensure that the
examination and approval of plans, the issuance of
permits and conduct of inspections performed by the
corporation are carried out in a manner consistent with
the provisions of this article.
27-228.16 Jurisdiction of the fire department.The provisions of this article shall not be construed to
affect, alter or amend the jurisdiction of the fire
department over the inspection and testing of plumbing
and fire suppression piping systems.
*Local Law 107-1993.
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SUBCHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
Art.
or Sec.**
[200.0]
[200.1]
[200.2]
Art. 1
229
230
[200.3]
231
[201.0]
[201.0]
[202.0]
[202.0]
Art. 2
232
Art. 3
233
General
Application of Terms
Definitions in Reference
Standards
Tense, Gender, and
Number
Definitions
Definitions
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-200.1] 27-229 Application of terms.The words and terms listed in this subchapter shall have
the meanings given herein. Where terms are not defined
they shall have their ordinarily accepted meanings or
such as the context may imply.
[C26-200.2] 27-230 Definitions in reference standards.Definitions that appear in any building code reference
standard shall apply to the provisions of that reference
standard only.
[C26-200.3] 27-231 Tense, gender, and number.Words used in the present tense include the future;
words used in the masculine gender include the
feminine and neuter; words used in the singular include
the plural, and the plural the singular.
*** ARTICLE 2 DEFINITIONS
***Italicized words within definitions are themselves defined
elsewhere in this section.
99
Title 27 / Subchapter 2
ARCHITECT.-A person licensed to practice the
profession of architecture under the education law of
the state of New York.
AREA OF REFUGE.-A floor area to which egress is
made through a horizontal exit or supplemental vertical exit.
AREAWAY.-A space below grade, adjacent to a
building, open to the outer air and enclosed by walls.
ASSEMBLY SPACE.-Any part of a place of assembly,
exclusive of a stage, that is occupied by numbers of persons
during the major period of occupancy. Every tier of seating
shall be considered a separate assembly space.
ATRIUM.-A vertical opening or series of openings within
a building connecting three or more floors, which may be
covered at the top, and which is used for purposes other
than an enclosed stairway, elevator hoistway or utility shaft.
ATTIC.-The space between the ceiling framing of the
top most story and the underside of the roof framing.
AUTOMATIC.-As applied to an opening protective, shall
mean a door, window, damper, or other device, and its
assembly, which is normally open and is designed to close
automatically when subjected to a predetermined temperature,
rate of temperature rise, or abnormal smoke condition.
AUTOMATIC DRY STANDPIPE SYSTEM.- A
standpipe system in which all piping is filled with air,
either compressed or at atmospheric pressure. Water
enters the system through a control valve actuated either
automatically by the reduction of air pressure within the
system or by the manual activation of a remote control
located at each hose station.
AUTOMATIC DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM.A sprinkler system in which the piping up to the
sprinkler heads is filled with air, either compressed or at
atmospheric pressure, with the water supply controlled
by a Type A or Type B dry pipe valve.
AUTOMATIC FIRE PUMP.-A pump that maintains
a required water pressure in a fire extinguishing system
and which is actuated by a starting device adjusted to
cause the pump to operate when the pressure in the
system drops below a predetermined pressure, and to
stop the pump when the pressure is restored.
AUTOMATIC OPERATION.- As applied to an elevator,
shall mean operation whereby the starting of the car is
effected in response to the momentary actuation of
operating devices at the landing, and/or of operating
devices in the car identified with the landings, and/or in
response to an automatic starting mechanism, and
whereby the car is stopped automatically at the landings.
AUTOMATIC WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM.-A
sprinkler system in which all piping and sprinkler heads
are at all times filled with water under pressure which is
immediately discharged when a sprinkler head operates,
with the water continuing to flow until the system is shut off.
AUTOMOTIVE LIFT.-A vehicle-lifting device, the
purpose of which is to raise an entire vehicle to provide
accessibility for under-chassis service.
100
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101
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EMERGENCY INTERLOCK RELEASE SWITCH.As applied to an elevator, shall mean a device to make
inoperative, in case of emergency, door or gate electric
contacts or door interlocks.
ENGINEER.-A person licensed to practice the
profession of engineering under the education law of the
state of New York.
102
Title 27 / Subchapter 2
103
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104
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105
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dissipates the kinetic energy of a descending car or
counterweight.
OPEN EXTERIOR SPACE.-A street or other public
space; or a yard, court, or plaza open on one or more
sides and unroofed or open on all sides, which provides
egress to a street or public space.
OPEN PARKING LOT.-A lot, or portion thereof,
used for the storage or sale of more than four motor
vehicles, but not used for the repair or servicing of such
vehicles.
OPEN PARKING STRUCTURE.-A structure open to
the outdoors fifty percent or more on two or more sides
of each story, used for the parking of motor vehicles.
OPEN SHAFT.-A shaft open to the outdoor air at the top.
OPENING PROTECTIVE.-An assembly of materials
and accessories, including frames and hardware
installed in an opening in a wall, partition, floor, ceiling
or roof to prevent, resist, or retard the passage of flame,
smoke or hot gases.
ORDINARY REPAIRS.-(See section 27-125 of this chapter.)
OUTER COURT.-Any open area, other than a yard or
portion thereof, that is unobstructed from its lowest
level to the sky and that, except for an outer court
opening upon a street line, a front yard, or a rear yard,
is bounded by either building walls or building walls
and one or more lot lines other than a street line.
OUTRIGGER SCAFFOLD.-A scaffold, the platform
of which is built upon supports cantilevering beyond the
walls of the building.
OUTSIDE GAS SERVICE LINE VALVE.-The
valve located on the gas service piping which can be
either exposed or buried.
OWNER.-A person having legal title to premises; a
mortgagee or vendee in possession; a trustee in
bankruptcy; a receiver or any other person having legal
ownership or control of premises.
PARAPET.-The continuation of an exterior wall, fire
wall, or party wall above the roof line.
PARKING TIER.-A general level of parking.
PARTITION.-A vertical unit or assembly of materials
that separates one space from another within any story
of a building.
PARTY WALL.-A fire division on an interior lot line
common to two adjoining buildings.
PENTHOUSE.-An enclosed structure on or above the
roof of any part of a building, which is designed or used
for human occupancy. (See BULKHEAD and ROOF
STRUCTURE.)
PERMIT.-A written document issued by the
commissioner authorizing the construction, alteration, or
demolition of a building, or the installation, alteration or
use and operation of service equipment therein.
PERSON.-An individual, partnership, corporation, or
other legal entity.
*PHYSICAL DISABILITY.-Any of the following:
(a) impairment requiring use of a wheelchair; or
107
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PLUMBING FIXTURES.-Installed receptacles, devices,
or appliances that are supplied with water or which
receive or discharge liquids or liquid-borne wastes.
PLUMBING SYSTEM.- The water-supply and distribution
pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; soil, waste, and vent
pipes; building house drains and building house sewers
including their respective connections, devices, and
appurtenances within the property lines of the premises;
and water-treating or water-using equipment.
POLE FOOTING.-A type of construction in which a
pole embedded in the ground and extending upward to
form a column is used for both column and footing.
PONDING.-The collection of rainwater.
*POTABLE WATER.-Water free from impurities
present in amounts sufficient to cause disease or
harmful physiological effects. Its bacteriological and
chemical quality shall conform to the requirements of
the department of health and mental hygiene.
*Local Law 22-2002
108
Title 27 / Subchapter 2
SELF-RELIEVING CONSTRUCTION.- Construction
using a type of framing in which the connections are capable
of developing a known and dependable moment capacity but
which, under larger moments, are capable of rotating
(without fracture) an amount sufficient to accommodate the
deflection due to the excess of the applied moment over the
moment capacity.
SERVICE EQUIPMENT.-Equipment, including all
components thereof, which provides sanitation, power,
light, heat, cooling, ventilation, air-conditioning, refuse
disposal, fire-fighting, transportation, or similar facility for a
building which by design becomes a part of the building, and
which is regulated by the provisions of this code.
SEWAGE.-Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable
matter in suspension or solution, and may include liquids
containing chemicals in solution.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM.-A system for the disposal
of sewage by means of a septic tank, cesspool, or mechanical
treatment, all designed for use apart from a public sewer to
serve a single establishment, building, or development.
SEWAGE EJECTOR.-A mechanical device used to pump
or eject sewage.
SHAFT.-A vertical, inclined, or offset passage, or
hoistway, penetrating through two or more floors of a
building or through a floor and roof. (See CLOSED SHAFT
and OPEN SHAFT.)
SHALL.-As used in this code, is always to be construed as
mandatory.
SHELL.-A structure consisting of a curved or folded slab
whose thickness is small compared to its other dimensions,
and which is characterized by its three dimensional loadcarrying behavior. The term shall include those forms of
construction that approximate slab surfaces, such as
lamellas and lattices.
SIAMESE CONNECTION.-A fitting connected to a fire
extinguishing system and installed on the outside of a
building, with two hose inlets for use of the fire department, to
furnish or supplement the water supply to the system.
SIDE LOT LINE.-Any lot line that is not a street line or a
rear lot line.
SIDEWALK ELEVATOR.-A freight elevator that operates
between a sidewalk or other area outside of a building and
floor levels inside the building below such area which has
no landing opening into the building at its upper limit of
travel, and which is not used to carry automobiles.
SIDE YARD.-A yard extending along a side lot line from
the required front yard (or from the street line if no front
yard is required) to the required rear yard (or to the rear
lot line if no rear yard is required).
SIDEWALK SHED.-A construction over a public
sidewalk, used to protect pedestrians from falling objects.
SIGN.-An outdoor structure, banner or other device,
designed or used as an advertisement, or announcement for
the information or attraction of the public; consisting of the
framework and all letters, words, numerals, illustrations,
109
Title 27 / Subchapter 2
STACK VENT.-The extension of a soil or waste stack above the
highest horizontal drain connected to a plumbing stack.
STAGE.-An area used in the presentation of a live
performance at anytime and includes: the performing area
and non-audience areas that are open to the performing area.
It may be level or raised with or without scenic elements, and
generally is serviced by stage illumination appliances and
control panels. For places of assembly classified as occupancy
group F-1A or F-1B, the word stage shall be defined in
accordance with the definition set forth in sections 27-546
and 27-547 of article three of subchapter eight of this code.
STAGE LIFT.-A movable section of a stage floor,
designed to carry scenery between staging areas and the
stage, and also used to be raised to and temporarily retained
at elevations above or below the stage level.
STANDPIPE SYSTEM.-A system of piping, for firefighting purposes, consisting of connections to one or more
sources of water supply, and serving one or more hose outlets.
STORM DRAIN.-(See BUILDING STORM DRAIN.)
STORM SEWER.-A sewer used for conveying rain water,
surface water, condensate, cooling water, or similar clear
liquid wastes which do not contain organic materials or
compounds subject to decomposition.
STORY.-That portion of a building that is between a floor
level and the next higher floor level or roof above.
STREET.-A thoroughfare dedicated or devoted to public
use by legal mapping or other lawful means.
STREET FLOOR.-A floor, usually the principal entrance
floor, that is not more than one-half story above or below
grade at the location from which egress is provided to the street.
STREET LINE.-A lot line separating a street from other land.
STREET MAIN.-(See WATER MAIN and GAS SERVICE
PIPING.)
STRUCTURE.-An assembly of materials forming
construction for occupancy or use, including among others:
buildings, stadia, tents, reviewing stands, platforms, stagings,
observation towers, radio towers, tanks, trestles, open sheds, coal
pockets, shelters, fences, and display signs.
SUBSTRATE.-A surface upon which a finish material is
directly applied and which extends completely behind
such finish material.
SUMP PIT.-A tank or pit that receives clear liquid
wastes that do not contain organic materials or
compounds subject to decomposition, located below the
normal grade of the gravity system and that must be
emptied by mechanical means.
SUMP PUMP.-A mechanical device used to pump the
liquid waste from a sump pit into the gravity drainage system.
SUPPLEMENTAL VERTICAL EXIT.-An enclosed
stair, ramp or escalator providing means of egress to an
area of refuge at another level nearer to the street floor.
THIS CODE.-The building code.
TIER OF SEATING.-A general level of seating, such as an
orchestra (usually the main tier), a balcony, or gallery.
revision: October 1, 2004
110
Title 27 / Subchapter 2
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.-The water-service pipe, the
water-distribution piping, and all of the necessary
connecting pipes, fittings, control valves, and appurtenances
used for conveying water in a plumbing system.
WET STANDPIPE SYSTEM.-A standpipe system in
which all of the piping is filled with water under
pressure that is immediately discharged upon the
opening of any hose valve.
WINDING-DRUM MACHINE.-As applied to an
elevator, shall mean a geared-drive machine in which
the hoisting ropes are fastened to and wind on a drum.
WORKERS HOIST.-A hoisting and lowering mechanism
equipped with a car that moves in guides in a substantially
vertical direction and that is used primarily for raising
and lowering workers to the working levels.
WRITING (WRITTEN).-The term shall be construed to
include handwriting, typewriting, printing, photo-offset, or any
other form of reproduction in legible symbols or characters.
ARTICLE 3 ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations. [C26-202.0]27-233
bhp: brake horsepower
I.P.S.: iron pipe size
Btu: British [sic] thermal unit
lb.: pound
C: centigrade
mph: miles per hour
cfm: cubic feet per minute
oz.: ounce
cps: cycles per second
P.C.E.: pyrometric cone equivalent
cu. ft.: cubic feet
pcf: pounds per cubic foot
db: decibel
plf: pounds per linear foot
dia.: diameter
psf: pounds per square foot
F: fahrenheit
psi: pounds per square inch
fpm: feet per minute
psia: pounds per square inch absolute
fps: feet per second
psig: pounds per square inch gauge
fsp: fire standpipe
rpm: revolutions per minute
ft.: foot
sec.: second
gal.: gallon
swp: steam working pressure
gpm: gallons per minute
sq. ft.: square foot
gps: gallons per second
sq. in.: square inch
h.p.: horsepower
sq. yd.: square yard
hr.: hour
STC: sound transmission class
in.: inch
Tag: tagliabue
INR: impact noise rating
wwp: water working pressure
NoteFor abbreviation of name of referenced national organizations, see reference standard RS 2-1.
111
Title 27 / Subchapter 2
112
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
SUBCHAPTER 3
OCCUPANCY AND CONSTRUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
[310.2]
[310.3]
[310.4]
[311.0]
264
265
266
Art. 12
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[311.1]
[312.0]
[312.1]
[313.0]
267
Art. 13
268
Art. 14
[313.1]
[313.2]
269
270
[313.3]
[313.4]
[313.5]
[314.0]
271
272
273
Art. 15
[314.1]
[314.2]
[314.3]
[314.4]
[314.5]
[314.6]
[315.0]
274
275
276
277
278
279
Art. 16
[315.1]
[315.2]
[315.3]
[315.4]
[315.5]
[315.6]
[316.0]
[316.1]
[316.2]
280
281
282
283
284
285
Art. 17
286
287
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
Art.
or Sec.**
[300.0]
[300.1]
[300.2]
[300.3]
[301.0]
[301.1]
[301.2]
[301.3]
[301.4]
[301.5]
[301.6]
[302.0]
Art. 1
234
235
236
Art. 2
237
238
239
240
241
242
Art. 3
[302.1]
[302.2]
[303.0]
243
244
Art. 4
[303.1]
[303.2]
[303.3]
[304.0]
245
246
247
Art. 5
[304.1]
[305.0]
248
Art. 6
[305.1]
[305.2]
[305.3]
[305.4]
[306.0]
249
250
251
252
Art. 7
[306.1]
[307.0]
253
Art. 8
[307.1]
[307.2]
[307.3]
[307.4]
[307.5]
[308.0]
254
255
256
257
258
Art. 9
[308.1]
[309.0]
259
Art. 10
[309.1]
[309.2]
[309.3]
[310.0]
260
261
262
Art. 11
[310.1]
263
General
Scope
Reference Standards
Definitions
Occupancy Classifications
Occupancy Groups
Classification of Spaces
Classification of Buildings
Separation of Occupancies
Classification Tables
Multiple Occupancy or Use
Occupancy Group A-High
Hazard
Classification
Location Restrictions
Occupancy Group BStorage
Classification
Occupancy Group B-1
Occupancy Group B-2
Occupancy Group CMercantile
Classification
Occupancy Group DIndustrial
Classification
Occupancy Group D-1
Occupancy Group D-2
Location Restrictions
Occupancy Group EBusiness
Classification
Occupancy Group FAssembly
Classification
Occupancy Group F-1
Occupancy Group F-2
Occupancy Group F-3
Occupancy Group F-4
Occupancy Group GEducational
Classification
Occupancy Group HInstitutional
Classification
Occupancy Group H-1
Occupancy Group H-2
Occupancy Group JResidential
Classification
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
Occupancy Classifications
Typical Occupancies for Occupancy
Classification
Construction Classes
Construction Classifications Notes to Table
3-4.
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
113
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
Occupancy and construction classifications which appear
in the several reference standards of this code shall apply
to the provisions of the reference standard only unless
otherwise indicated.
Classification
High hazard
Storage (moderate hazard)
Storage (low hazard)
Mercantile
Industrial (moderate hazard)
Industrial (low hazard)
Business
Assembly (theaters, etc.)
Assembly (churches, concert halls,
etc.)
Assembly (outdoors)
Assembly (museums, etc.)
Assembly (restaurants, etc.)
Education
Institutional (restrained)
Institutional (incapacitated)
Residential (hotels, etc.)
Residential (apartment houses, etc.)
Residential (one-and-two-family
dwellings)
Miscellaneous
Fire
Index
4
3
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
114
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
115
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
STORAGE
Designation
Representative Occupancies
B-1
B-2
MERCANTILE
INDUSTRIAL
C
D-1
D-2
BUSINESS
[ASSEMBLY
F-1a
F-1b
F-2
F-3
F-4
EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONAL
G
H-1
H-2
RESIDENTIAL
J-1
J-2
J-3
MISCELLANEOUS
116
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
117
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
118
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
classified by the architect or engineer subject to the
approval of the commissioner.
ARTICLE 14 CONSTRUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONS
[C26-314.2] 27-275 Construction class I-A.Includes buildings and spaces in which the bearing
walls and other major structural elements are
generally of four-hour fire-resistance rating.
[C26-314.3] 27-276 Construction class I-B.Includes buildings and spaces in which the bearing
walls and other major structural elements are
generally of three-hour fire-resistance rating.
[C26-314.4] 27-277 Construction class I-C.Includes buildings and spaces in which the bearing
walls and other major structural elements are
generally of two-hour fire-resistance rating.
[C26-314.5] 27-278 Construction class I-D.Includes buildings and spaces in which the bearing
walls and other major structural elements are
generally of one-hour fire-resistance rating.
[C26-314.6] 27-279 Construction class I-E.Includes buildings and spaces in which the bearing
walls and other major structural elements generally
have no fire-resistance rating.
ARTICLE 16 CONSTRUCTION GROUP IICOMBUSTIBLE
[C26-315.1] 27-280 Classification. - Buildings
and spaces in combustible construction group II
are those in which the walls, partitions, structural
members, floors, and roofs are constructed wholly
or partly of combustible materials affording the
required degree of fire-resistance specified in table
3-4.
The combustible construction group II
consists of classes II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, and II-E.
119
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
TABLE 3-4
TABLE 3-4
CONSTRUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS I-A
Bearing
Non-bearingf
________
More than 3'-0" but Bearing
less than 15-0"
Non-bearingf
CONSTRUCTION
Bearing
15'-0" or more but
GROUP 1
less than 30'-0"
Non-bearingf
NONCOMBUSTIBLE
Bearing
________
30-0" or more
Non-bearingf
Interior bearing walls and bearing partitions.
Required fire-resistance
Enclosure of vertical exits e, exit passageways, hoistways m and shafts.
ratings of construction
Fire divisions and fire separations.
elements in hours,
3'-0" or less
________
N.P.Not permited
N.L.No limit
CLASS I-E
4
3
N.P.
N.P.
2
2
4 3 1/3 % 3 3 1/3 %
2 protected 2 protected
4
3
3 1/3 %
3 1/3 %
1
1
4
3
N.L.
N.L.
0
0
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
0
N.P.
3 1/3 %
protected
3 1/3 %
N.L.
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
N.P.
3 1/3 %
protected
3 1/3 %
N.L.
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
N.P.
6 2/3 %
protected
N.L.
2
2
See Article 5
1
2
0g,i
2
0g,i
0g,i
Same as required fire resistance of wall supported, but not less than
rating required for member by the class of construction.
3
2
1
1
0g,i
Notes:
a.
The area of openings permitted in exterior walls at any story shall be obtained by multiplying the
percentage shown in the table by the exterior separation distance in feet, and then multiplying that product by
the square-foot area of the faade of that story. Requirements for protected exterior openings shall not apply
to churches. [.Protected openings within an exterior separation of 3 ft. 0 inch or less are permitted for
buildings classified in Occupancy Groups J-2 and J-3 provided, however said openings do not exceed in total
area 10% of the faade of the story in which they are located. The openings however, may not be credited
towards meeting any of the mandatory natural light or ventilation requirements of Art. 12* Protection of
openings with an exterior separation of 3 ft. to 30 ft. shall not be required for J2 and J3 occupancy groups.]**
or to buildings classified in occupancy groups J-2 and J-3*** See section 27-331 of article four of subchapter
five of this chapter for additional requirements for exterior walls and exterior wall openings.
b.
Upon special application, the commissioner may permit exterior wall openings to be constructed in
excess of the permitted area established by table 3-4 if such openings at the time of their construction are
CLASS I-D
CLASS I-C
Key:
CLASS I-B
Rating Ext.a,b Rating Ext.a,b Rating Ext.a,b Rating Ext.a,b Rating Ext.a,b
in Hrs. Openg in Hrs. Openg in Hrs. Openg in Hrs. Openg in Hrs. Openg
CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT
1i
1i
0g,i
2 c,i or 1 d,i
1 c,i or 1 d,i
1i
1i
0g,i
2 c,i or 0 d,g,i
1 c,i or 0 d,g,i
1 c,i or 0 d,g,i
1 c,i or 0 d,g,i
0g,i
located at least sixty feet in a direct line from any neighboring building except as otherwise permitted by
footnote f. Such additional openings may not, however, be credited toward meeting any of the
mandatory natural light or ventilation requirements of subchapter twelve of chapter on of this title. If any
neighboring building is later altered or constructed to come within the above distance limitation, the
affected exterior openings shall immediately be closed with construction meeting the fire-resistance
rating requirements for exterior wall construction of the building in which they are located.
c.
Applies to occupancy groups A,B-1,B-2, and D-1.
d.
Applies to all occupancy groups other than those described in footnote c.
*Now Subchapter 12.
**Copy in brackets not enacted but probably intended.
***Copy from closing brackets to these asterisks enacted but probably intended to be omitted.
Local Law 77-1988.
Local Law 26-2004.
120
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
CONSTRUCTION
ELEMENT
Ext. a,b Rating Ext.a,b Rating Ext. a,b Rating Ext. a,b Rating Ext. a,b
Rating
TABLE 3-4
in Hrs. Openg in Hrs. Openg in Hrs. Openg in Hrs.Openg in Hrs. Openg
CONSTRUCTION
Bearing
2
2
2
2
2
CLASSIFICATIONS
3'-0" or less
N.P.
N.P.
N.P.
N.P.
N.P.
f
2
2
2
2
2
Non-bearing
(continued)
More than 3'-0" but
________
2
2
2
1
1
Bearing
3 1/3 %
3 1/3 %
3 1/3 %
6 2/3 %
6 2/3 %
less than 15-0"
2 protected 2 protected 2 protected 1
1
Non-bearingf
15'-0" or more but
2
2
2
1
0
Bearing
CONSTRUCTION
3 1/3 %
3 1/3 %
3 1/3 %
less than 30'-0"
f
2
2
2
1
0
Non-bearing
GROUP II
N.L.
N.L.
1
1
1
1
0
Bearing
COMBUSTIBLE
30-0" or more
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
0
0
0
0
0
Non-bearingf
________
2
1
0
1
0
Required fire-resistance Interior bearing walls and bearing partitions.
e
m
2
2
1i
1i
1
ratings of construction Enclosure of vertical exits , exit passageways, hoistways and shafts.
Fire divisions and fire separations.
See Article 5
elements in hours,
k
based on the test
see
section
Columns , girders, trusses
Supporting one floor
1
0 or 1 j
1
0
procedures of reference
27-623
(other
than
roof
trusses)
and
standard RS 3-1.
see section
1
0
Supporting more than one floor
1
0 or 1 j
framing.
________
27-623
Same as required fire resistance of wall supported, but not less than
Structural members supporting a wall.
rating required for member by the class of construction.
Key:
see section
Floor construction including beams.
1
0 or 1 j
1
0
27-623
N.P.Not permited
15'-0" or less in ht. above floor
see section
N.L.No limit
0
27-623
Roof construction including beams, to lowest member
15'-0" to 20'-0" in ht. above
see section
trusses and framing, including
0
27-623
floor to lowest member
Noncombustible
arches, domes, shells, cable
h
Materials
supported roofs and roof decks .
20'-0" or more in ht. above
see section
0
27-623
floor to lowest member
e.
See subdivision (i) of section 27-375 of article five of subchapter six of this chapter for additional impact
resistance requirements applicable to certain stair enclosures and for certain exceptions to stair enclosure requirements.
f.
When two or more buildings are constructed on the same lot, and the combined floor area of the buildings
does not exceed the limits established by tables 4-1 and 4-2 for any one of the buildings, no fire-resistance
rating shall be required for nonbearing portions of the exterior walls of those buildings facing each other, and
there shall be no limitation on the permitted amount of exterior openings.
g.
Fire retardant treated wood complying with the requirements of section 27-328 of article three of subchapter
five of this chapter may be used.
h.
Tabulated ratings apply to buildings over one story in height. In one story buildings roof construction may
be of material having 0 hour fire-resistance rating.
i.
Materials which are not noncombustible, as defined in subchapter two of chapter one of this title,
may be used in nonbearing construction elements if they fall into one of the following categories:
1.
Materials having a structural base of noncombustible materials as defined in subchapter two, and
having a surface not over one-eighth inch thick which when tested in accordance with the provisions
of reference standard RS 3-2 has a flame spread rating not higher than fifty.
2. Materials which when tested in accordance with the provisions of reference standard RS 3-2
have a surface flame spread rating not higher than twenty-five without evidence of continued
progressive combustion, and which are of such composition that surfaces which would be exposed by
cutting through the material in any way would not have a flame spread rating higher than twenty-five
without evidence of continued progressive combustion.
121
Title 27 / Subchapter 3
Notes for Table 3-4 (continued)
j.
Applies to the construction of the street floor and all construction
below the level of the street floor in building or spaces classified in
occupancy group J-2 except where the space below the street floor
does not exceed five feet in height.
k.
Columns supporting the roof of a one-story building shall have
the same fire-resistance rating as required for a column supporting
one floor in a building of the same construction class.
l.
Members supporting loads of not more than two floors or one
floor and a roof need not have a fire-resistance rating greater than
the floor construction fire-resistance requirement in buildings
classified in occupancy groups G, H, and J-2, not including
unsprinklered spaces of other occupancies, and in fully sprinklered
buildings in occupancy groups E and J-1.
m.
See subdivision (c) of section 27-987 of article one of
subchapter eighteen of this chapter for additional impact resistance
requirements applicable to certain elevator enclosures.
Local Law 26-2004.
[C26-315.2] 27-281 Construction class II-A.Includes heavy timber construction in which fireresistance is attained by limiting the minimum sizes of
wood structural members and the minimum thickness
and composition of wood floors and roofs; by avoiding
concealed spaces under floors and roofs or by providing
fire-stopping protection for these spaces; and by using
fastenings, construction details, and adhesives for
structural members as required by article seven of
subchapter ten of this chapter. The minimum
dimensions for framing members shall be prescribed in
section 27-623 of article seven of subchapter ten of this
chapter, except that members which are protected to
provide a fire-resistance rating of at least one hour need
not comply with this requirement.
[C26-315.5] 27-284 Construction class II-D.Includes buildings and spaces in which the exterior
walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs, and interior framing are
generally of wood or other combustible materials
having the required fire-resistance ratings.
[C26-315.3] 27-282 Construction class II-B.Includes buildings and spaces in which the exterior
walls, fire walls, exitways, and shaft enclosures are of
noncombustible materials having the required fireresistance ratings; and in which the floors, roofs, and
interior framing are wholly or partly of wood of smaller
dimensions than required for class II-A construction, or are
of other combustible or noncombustible materials, having
the required fire-resistance ratings.
[C26-315.6] 27-285 Construction class II-E.Includes buildings and spaces in which the exterior
walls are generally of wood or other combustible
materials having the required fire-resistance ratings,
and in which the bearing walls, floors, roofs, and
interior framing are of wood or other combustible
materials, generally having no fire-resistance ratings.
ARTICLE 17 MIXED CONSTRUCTION
122
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
SUBCHAPTER 4
BUILDING LIMITATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
Or Sec.]*
[400.0]
[400.1]
[400.2]
[400.3]
[401.0]
[401.1]
[401.2]
Art.
Or Sec.**
Art.1
288
289
290
Art. 2
Sub-Art. 1
291
292
Sub-Art. 2
292.1
292.2
292.3
292.4
292.5
292.6
292.7
292.8
292.9
292.10
292.11
292.12
292.13
292.14
292.15
292.16
292.17
292.18
292.19
292.20
[402.0]
[402.1]
[402.2]
[402.3]
[403.0]
Art. 3
293
294
295
Art.4
[403.1]
[403.2]
[403.3]
296
297
298
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Building Access
Fire Department Access
Frontage
Building Access
Facilities for People
Having Physical
Disabilities
Scope
Standards
Definitions
General Requirements
Accessibility
Waiver of Requirements
Special Requirements of
Other City Departments
Adaptable Dwelling Units
Usable Dwelling Units
Usable Spaces
Assembly Spaces
Public Toilet Rooms
Drinking Fountains
Public Telephones
Alarms
Controls and Operating
Mechanisms
Tactile Warnings
Signage
Parking Spaces
Passenger Loading
Zones
Fire Districts
Inside Fire Districts
Outside Fire Districts
Mixed Districts
Limitations Inside the
Fire Districts
Limitations
Exemptions
Additions to Existing
Buildings
[404.0]
Art. 5
[404.1]
[404.2]
[405.0]
[405.1]
[405.2]
[405.3]
[405.4]
[406.0]
[406.1]
[406.2]
[407.0]
299
300
Art. 6
301
302
303
304
Art. 7
305
306
Art. 8
[407.1]
307
[407.2]
[407.3]
[407.4]
[407.5]
[407.6]
[408.0]
308
309
310
311
312
Art. 9
[408.1]
[408.2]
[408.3]
313
314
315
[409.0]
Art. 10
[409.1]
316
316.1
[409.2]
317
[409.3]
317.01
[409.4]
317.02
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
4-1 Area and Height Limitations for Unsprinklered
Buildings and Spaces.
4-2 Area and Height Limitations for Sprinklered
Buildings and Spaces.
123
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-400.1] 27-288 Scope. -The provisions of this
article establish building access requirements; shall
regulate the division of the city of New York into fire
districts and control the occupancy groups and
construction classes permitted therein; shall regulate
permissible building areas, height and projections
beyond the street line and shall establish special flood
hazard areas and a regulatory flood datum in the city of
New York and regulate permissible occupancies and
construction or other improvement below such flood
datum within such flood hazard areas.
[C26-400.2] 27-289 Standards. - The provisions of
reference standard RS-4 shall be a part of this subchapter.
[C26-400.3] 27-290 Definitions. - For definitions to
be used in the interpretation of this subchapter, see
subchapter two of this chapter.
*
124
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
125
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
27-292.7 Special requirements of other city departments. The commissioner upon good cause may waive the
requirements of this subarticle for the construction of
buildings or spaces, or for the alteration of existing
buildings to meet the special requirements of other city
departments in regard to any of the following:
(a) Firehouses
(b) Correctional facilities
(c) Cargo handling facilities on the waterfront
(d) Wholesale food markets
27-292.8 Adaptable dwelling units.
(a) General requirements.
(1) Adaptable dwelling units are units that contain
habitable rooms, kitchens, kitchenettes and bathrooms
in residential buildings other than in occupancy group
J-3 which when constructed are on an accessible route
(except as set forth in this subdivision) and are constructed
and equipped as defined in section 27-232 and as set
forth in this subarticle so that they can be converted to
be used, with a minimum of structural change, by all
categories of people having physical disabilities.
(2) Such units shall be provided with door widths and
clear floor spaces for making dwelling units usable as
set forth in reference standard RS 4-6 when occupied
by people having physical disabilities.
(3) Interior access, floor surfaces, adaptable kitchens,
adaptable kitchenettes and adaptable bathrooms in these
dwelling units shall comply with the requirements set
forth in reference standard RS 4-6.
(4) Where an adaptable dwelling unit occupies two or
more stories within itself, accessibility shall only be
required at the first story of such dwelling unit provided
that:
a. The second story is accessible from without; or that
b.
Equivalent accessible functional facilities are
provided on the first story; or that
c. The stair within the dwelling unit has a minimum
width of three feet.
(b) Number of adaptable dwelling units. (1) All dwelling units in buildings with elevators shall
126
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
127
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
27-292.11 Assembly spaces. (a) Assembly spaces other than places of assembly shall
be provided with a minimum of accessible wheelchair
viewing positions as follows:
Capacity of Assembly
Space
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 74
Number of Viewing
Positions
Minimum 1
Minimum 2
Minimum 3
128
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
129
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
130
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
131
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
TABLE 4-1 AREA AND HEIGHT LIMITATIONS FOR UNSPRINKLERED BUILDINGS AND SPACES
NONCOMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION GROUP I
COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION GROUP II
Occupancy
Group
Class IA Class IB Class IC Class ID Class IE Class IIA Class IIB Class IIC Class IID Class IIE
Area
HIGH HAZARD
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
e
Height
A
Area
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
STORAGE
N. P.
N. P.
50'-0"(4)
50'-0"(4)
75'-0"
75'-0"
65'-0"(5)
65'-0"(5)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
Height
B-1
Area
5,000
5,000
2,100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
STORAGE
75'-0"
N.L.
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
Height
B-2b
Area
5,600
8,400
2,100
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
MERCANTILE
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
Height
C
Area
3,500
7,500
7,500
1,400
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
INDUSTRIAL
N. P.
N. P.
50'-0"(4)
50'-0"(4)
75'-0"
75'-0"
65'-0"(5)
65'-0"(5)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
Height
D-1
Area
5,600
8,400
2,100
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
17,500
10,500
14,700
14,700
INDUSTRIAL
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
Height
D-2
Area
5,600
8,400
2,100
10,500
14,700
14,700
N.L.
BUSINESS
75'-0"d,f
75'-0"d,f
75'-0"d,f
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
Height
E
75'-0"d,f
Area
5,600
8,400
2,100
N.L.
17,500
10,500
14,700
14,700
ASSEMBLY
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
Height
F-1
Area
15,400
9,100
17,500
N.L.
N.L.
12,600
ASSEMBLY
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
c
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
65'-0"(5)
75'-0"(6)
65'-0"(5)
Height
F-2
Area
5,600
8,400
2,100
N.L.
17,500
10,500
14,700
14,700
ASSEMBLY
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
Height
F-3
Area
5,600
8,400
2,100
N.L.
17,500
10,500
14,700
14,700
ASSEMBLY
g
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
Height
F-4
Area
5,600
8,400
2,100
N.L.
N.L.
17,500
10,500
14,700
14,700
EDUCATIONAL
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
Height
G
Area
4,200
4,200
17,500
14,000
10,500
7,000
INSTITUTIONAL
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N.P.
50'-0"(4)
50'-0"(4)
N.L.
75'-0"
65'-0"(5)
50'-0"(4)
Height
H-1
Area
4,200
4,200
17,500
14,000
10,500
7,000
INSTITUTIONAL
N.P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N.L.
75'-0"
65'-0"(5)
50'-0"(4)
50'-0"(4)
50'-0"(4)
Height
H-2
Area
RESIDENTIAL
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
J-1
Height
*
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
N. P.
RESIDENTIAL J-2 When Constructed Subject Area
to the Requirements of 27-954(t) or Altered
Height
Subject to the Requirements of 27-123.2
*
RESIDENTIAL J-2 When Not Subject to the
Area
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
17,500
N. P.
10,000
10,000
5,600
N. P.
N. P.
Requirements of 27-954(t) or Altered Subject
Height
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
to the Requirements of 27-123.2
Area
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
17,500
10,500
14,700
14,700
5,600
8,400
2,100
RESIDENTIAL
J-3
Height
75'-0"
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
75'-0"(6)
75'-0"(6)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
40'-0"(3)
N.L. No Limit
132
132
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
133
unsprinklered and conform with the area and height limitations set
grandstand limitations.
persons.
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
133
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
TABLE 4-2 AREA AND HEIGHT LIMITATIONS FOR SPRINKLERED BUILDINGS AND SPACES
revision: July 1, 2008
134
Occupancy
Group
HIGH HAZARD
A
STORAGE
B-1
STORAGE
B-2b
MERCANTILE
C
INDUSTRIAL
D-1
INDUSTRIAL
D-2
BUSINESS
E
ASSEMBLY
F-1
ASSEMBLY
F-2
ASSEMBLY
F-3
ASSEMBLY
F-4
EDUCATIONAL
G
INSTITUTIONAL
H-1
INSTITUTIONAL
H-2
RESIDENTIAL
J-1
RESIDENTIAL
J-2
RESIDENTIAL
J-3
N.L. No Limit
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Area
Height
Class IA
N.L.
Class IB
17,500
75-0(6)
Class IC
14,000
650(5)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
17,500
75-0(6)
17,500
75-0(6)
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.P.Not Permitted
Class ID
10,500
650(5)
17,500
75-0(6)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
17,500
75-0(6)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
11,200
65-0(5)
11,200
65-0(5)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
Class IE
3,500
40-0(3)
10,500
50-0(4)
17,500
50-0(4)
17,500
50-0(4)
10,500
50-0(4)
17,500
50-0(4)
17,500
50-0(4)
17,500
50-0(4)
Class IIA
7,700
50-0(4)
14,700
75-0(6)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
14,700
75-0(6)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
Class IIB
7,700
50-0(4)
14,700
75-0(6)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
14,700
75-0(6)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
17,500
75-0(4)
17,500
75-0(4)
17,500
75-0(4)
7,000
50-0(4)
7,000
50-0(4)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
11,200
65-0(5)
11,200
65-0(5)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
11,200
65-0(5)
11,200
65-0(5)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.L.
85-0(7)
N.P.
N.P.
17,500
50-0(4)
Class IIC
N.P.
5,600
40-0(3)
12,600
50-0(4)
12,600
50-0(4)
5,600
40-0(3)
12,600
50-0(4)
12,600
50-0(4)
12,600
50-0(4)
19,600
75-0(6)
12,600
50-0(4)
12,600
50-0(4)
12,600
50-0(4)
3,500
40-0(3)
3,500
40-0(3)
N.P.
12,600
50-0(4)
12,600
50-0(4)
Class IID
1,400
50-0(4)
8,400
50-0(4)
15,400
50-0(4)
15,400
50-0(4)
8,400
50-0(4)
15,400
50-0(4)
15,400
50-0(4)
15,400
50-0(4)
N.L.
15,400
50-0(4)
15,400
50-0(4)
15,400
50-0(4)
4,000
50-0(4)
4,000
50-0(4)
Class IIE
N.P.
2,100
40-0(3)
9,100
50-0(4)
9,100
50-0(4)
2,100
40-0(3)
9,100
50-0(4)
9,100
50-0(4)
9,100
50-0(4)
16,100
75-0(6)
9,100
50-0(4)
9,100
50-0(4)
9,100
50-0(4)
N.P.
N.P.
N.P.
N.P.
N.P.
N.P.
15,400
50-0(4)
9,100
50-0(4)
134
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
135
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
136
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
sidewalk level.
(b) Foundation walls. - Foundation walls required to
support permitted projections may be constructed to
project not more than the permitted projection beyond
the street line.
(c) Vaults. - Vaults licensed by the commissioner of
transportation may be constructed to project beyond the
street line but not beyond the curb line. Vault covers
shall be set flush with the sidewalk and surfaced with
non-skid material.
(d) Tunnels between buildings.
Tunnels connecting buildings, and projecting beyond
street lines, may be constructed subject to the approval
of the board of estimate and the department of
transportation. Such tunnels shall comply with the
provisions of this code and other applicable laws and
regulations.
*
137
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
138
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
139
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
140
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
141
Title 27 / Subchapter 4
142
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
SUBCHAPTER 5
FIRE PROTECTION CONSTRUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
[Sub-Art.
Or Sec.]*
[500.0]
[500.1]
[500.2]
[500.3]
[500.4]
[501.0]
[501.1]
[502.0]
[502.1]
[502.2]
[502.3]
[502.4]
[502.5]
[502.6]
[502.7]
[502.8]
[503.0]
[503.1]
[503.2]
[503.3]
[503.4]
[503.5]
[503.6]
[503.7]
[503.8]
[504.0]
[504.1]
[504.2]
[504.3]
[504.4]
[504.5]
[504.6]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Art. or
Sec.**
Art.1
General
318
Scope
319
Standards
320
Definitions
321
Use of Combustibles
Art.2
Fire Protection Test
Procedures
322
Test
Art. 3 Fire-Resistance
Requirements
323
Requirements for
Structural Members
and Assemblies
324
Protection of
Structural Members
325
Elevators
326
Lintels
327
Ceilings
328
Fire-Retardant Treated
Wood
329
Opening Protectives
330
Slow Burning Plastic
Art. 4 Prevention of Exterior
Fire Spread
331
Exterior Walls
332
Party Walls
333
Parapets on Exterior
Walls
334
Protective Guards
335
Exterior Trim
335.1
Acoustical and
Thermal Insulation
336
Porticos, Porches, etc.
337
Roof Coverings
338
Roof Structures
Art. 5 Prevention of Interior
Fire Spread
339
Fire Segregation of
Occupancies
340
Fire Divisions
341
Fire Separations
342
Openings in Fire
Divisions and
Separations
343
Ducts, Pipes and
Conduits Through
Rated Construction
344
Shafts
[504.7]
[504.8]
[504.9]
[504.10]
[504.11]
[504.12]
[504.13]
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
[504.14]
[504.15]
352
353
[504.16]
353.1
353.2
353.3
Firestopping
Partitions and Furring
Folding Partitions
Interior Finish
Coatings
Ceiling Construction
Finish Flooring and
Floor Coverings
FireplacesRepeated
Smoke and Heat
Venting
Smoke Protection,
Elevators and
Escalators
Smoke Protection for
Elevators in E
Occupancies
Smoke Barrier
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
Fire Separations
Fire Divisions
Opening Protectives for Fire Divisions and
Fire Separations
Interior Finish Requirements
143
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-500.1] 27-318 Scope. - The provisions of this
subchapter shall govern the use and assembly of all
materials of construction with respect to fire resistance,
flame spread resistance, and smoke and toxic fume
limitation. The provisions shall also control the location
and function of integral structural and fire protective
elements of buildings, and provide for the installation of
safeguards against the spread of fire within buildings and
between buildings.
[C26-500.2] 27-319 Standards. - The provisions of the
reference standard RS-5 shall be a part of this subchapter.
[C26-500.3] 27-320 Definitions. - For definitions to
be used in the interpretation of this subchapter, see
subchapter two of this chapter.
[C26-500.4] 27-321 Use of combustibles. - The use of
combustible component materials in units or assemblies
shall be limited to construction group II, except as
hereinafter expressly permitted in construction group I.
Combustible aggregates may be integrated with other
materials to form a noncombustible material provided that
the entire mixture, in the form in which it is to be used in
construction, meets the requirement of this code for
noncombustibility.
ARTICLE 2 FIRE PROTECTION TEST
PROCEDURES
[C26-501.1] 27-322 Tests. - Samples of all materials or
assemblies of materials required by this code to have a fireresistance rating, fire-protection rating, or flame spread
rating, or required to be noncombustible, fire-retardant
treated, or slow burning, shall be tested under the applicable
test procedures specified herein, in accordance with the
acceptance requirements of section 27-131 of article seven
of subchapter one of this chapter. The fire-resistance rating
of materials and assemblies listed in reference standard RS
5-1 may be used to determine conformance with the fire
resistance requirements of this code. In addition to the
performance results, test reports shall give all technical data
pertaining to the nature of the constituent materials, such
as the physical properties, chemical composition and
properties, coefficient of expansion, thicknesses of
materials, etc. Except as listed in reference standard RS 5-1,
any assembly using a component having a structural base of
noncombustible material covered with an integrally
manufactured combustible surfacing material, shall be
approved for fire-resistance rating.
ARTICLE 3 FIRE-RESISTANCE
REQUIREMENTS
[C26-502.1] 27-323 Requirements for structural
members and assemblies. - The fire-resistance rating of
construction assemblies and the protection of structural
members shall comply with the requirements of table 3-4,
based on the test procedures of reference standard RS 5-2,
and their materials or combinations of materials shall be
in accordance with the specifications of materials used in
the test.
*[C26-502.2] 27-324 Protection of structural members.Columns, girders, trusses, beams, lintels, etc. that are
required to be fire protected, and that support only one floor or
a roof, and/or a non-bearing wall not more than one story high,
shall be individually encased on all sides with materials having
the required fire-resistance rating; or shall be protected by a
ceiling as specified in section 27-327 of this article having the
required fire-resistance rating; or shall be protected by a
combination of both a ceiling and individual encasement
which, together, provide the required fire-resistance rating.
Columns, girders, trusses, beams, lintels, etc. that are
required to be fire protected, and that support more than one
floor or support a bearing wall or wall more than one story
high, shall be individually encased on all sides for their entire
length or height with materials having the required fireresistance rating. Trusses that support only two stories or one
story and a roof may be fire protected by an envelope that
encompasses the entire truss with materials of the required
fire-resistance rating.
(a) Embedments and enclosures. - Pipes, wires,
conduits, ducts, or other service facilities shall not be
embedded in the required fire protection of a structural
member that is required to be individually encased; except
that pipes, wires, and conduits may be installed in the
space between the required fire protection and the
structural member protected, provided that where such
facilities pierce the required fire protection, the area of the
penetrations does not exceed two percent of the area of
the fire protection on any one face, the penetrations are
closed off with close-fitting metal escutcheons or plates
and the concealed space shall be firestopped at each story
in accordance with the provisions of section 27-345 of
article five of this subchapter.
(b) Impact protection. - Where the fire protective covering of
a structural member is subject to impact damage from moving
vehicles, the handling of merchandise, or other activity, the fire
protective covering shall be protected by corner guards or
by a substantial jacket of metal or other noncombustible
material, to a height adequate to provide full protection. Where
applicable, such protection shall be designed in accordance
with the requirements of section 27-558 of article three of
subchapter nine of this chapter.
(c) Structural members in cavity walls. - Where
structural members occur within exterior cavity walls,
144
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
portions of such structural members facing the exterior
need not be individually fire protected if the outer width
of the cavity wall provides the required fire-resistance
rating and is located not more than two and one-half
inches from such structural members, and if all surfaces
of the structural members are fire protected from the
interior of the building by materials having the required
fire-resistance rating.
(d) Prestressing steel. - Minimum covering of
prestressing steel shall comply with the requirements of
reference standard RS 5-15.
(e) Exterior exposed structural members. -Structural
members exposed to the outdoors on buildings that do
not exceed two stories or thirty feet in height, which are
required by table 3-4 to have a fire-resistance rating not
exceeding one hour, need not be protected on any face of
the member that has an exterior separation of thirty feet
or more, provided the outdoor area within the thirty feet
separation distance is not used for storage of materials,
or for motor vehicle parking.
(f) Inspection of fire protection. - The installation of all
required sprayed-on fire protection of structural members
except those encased in concrete shall be subject to the
controlled inspection requirements of section 27-132 of
article seven of subchapter one of this code.
**(g) Inspection of existing sprayed-on fire protection
during alterations in office spaces and in occupancy
group E spaces.- In office spaces and spaces classified
in occupancy group E, where an alteration exposes any
required sprayed-on fire protection of structural members, or
where, pursuant to an alteration persons are required to
enter or access areas in which such sprayed-on fire protection is
capable of being observed, the existing required spray-on fire
protection shall be subject to the controlled inspection
requirements of section 27-132 of this code. Such
controlled inspection shall require a determination (i)
that the existing sprayed-on fire protection as originally
applied or installed complies with the applicable requirements
of this code, including those for installation methods,
materials, thickness and coverage; and (ii) that, since its
original application, the integrity of the existing sprayedon fire protection has not been compromised, damaged
or displaced by the current alteration or by any prior
alteration or other event.
*Local Law 34-1988.
**Local Law 26-2004.
145
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
combustion. Where used as interior finish or trim, the
material shall have a flame spread rating that meets the
requirements of section 27-348 of this subchapter for the
location in which it is used. Subsequent to treatment,
material two inches thick or less shall be air dried or kiln
dried to an average moisture content of not more than
nineteen percent.
(b) Label. - All fire-retardant treated wood shall bear the
identification of a testing laboratory or producer
certifying to the performance thereof, in accordance with
the acceptance requirements of section 27-131 of article
seven of subchapter one of this chapter.
(c) Application. - Fire-retardant treated wood may not
be used where exposed to the weather or in interior
spaces where the relative humidity is normally eighty
percent or more. There shall be no fabrication of the
material after treatment, such as cutting, shaping, or
grooving for splines or ring connectors so as to expose
untreated surfaces, except that the material may be cut to
length, shaped, or grooved if the exposed surfaces or
edges are tightly butted against other material that is
noncombustible or that is fire retardant treated, so that no
untreated wood is left exposed to danger of ignition.
Holes may be bored or cut for plumbing or heating pipes
and for electric outlets only if the openings are covered
[sic] with tightly-fitted noncombustible escutcheons or cover
plates. The allowable working stresses of the material
shall be ninety percent of the allowable stresses for
untreated lumber of like classification.
(d) Where permitted in construction group I- Fireretardant treated wood may be used in buildings of
construction group I in the following cases:
(1) As permitted by table 3-4.
(2) For interior non-bearing partitions that are not
required to have a fire-resistance rating.
(3) For interior furring and blocking of exterior walls,
furring and blocking of interior walls and partitions, and
framing of suspended ceilings provided the furring, blocking,
and framing do not affect the integrity, or reduce the
fire-resistance rating, of the construction element.
(4) For interior finish and trim.
(e) Area increase. - Fire-retardant treated wood may
be used in construction group II buildings in lieu of
untreated wood for wall studs, bearing partition studs,
columns, beams, girders, joists, rafters, trusses, sole and
cap plates, subflooring and roof decks, and when so
used, the area limitations of tables 4-1 and 4-2, for
buildings of construction group II, may be increased by
thirty-three and one-third percent.
[C26-502.7] 27-329 Opening protectives. - Opening
protectives, including frames, self-closing devices, and
hardware, shall be classified as to fire-protection rating
in accordance with the test procedures of reference standards
RS 5-6 and RS 5-7, and shall be installed, maintained,
and operated in accordance with the provisions of
reference standard RS 5-8. All opening protectives shall
bear the identification of a testing laboratory or agency
certifying to the performance rating thereof, in
accordance with the acceptance requirements of section
27-131 of subchapter one of this chapter.
146
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
the provisions of subchapter twelve of this chapter.
(e) Construction of unprotected openings. - Exterior
windows and doors, including their frames and glazing, that
are not required by this code to have a fire-protection rating,
may be of combustible materials. Below a height of
seventy-five feet, slow-burning plastic glazing may be used
in windows. Glazing in balcony doors shall comply with the
requirements of paragraph four of subdivision (g) of section
27-369 of article five of subchapter six of this chapter.
(f) Vertical separation of openings. - In buildings
classified in occupancy groups A, B, C, D and E,
exceeding three stories or forty feet in height, openings
located vertically above one another in exterior walls
except in stairway enclosures, shall be separated by a
spandrel wall at least three feet high between the top of
one opening and the bottom of the opening immediately
above; or each such opening above the lower one shall
be protected against fire by an opening protective; or a
fire canopy of noncombustible materials, extending out
at least two feet horizontally from the wall and at least
as long as the width of the lower opening, shall be
constructed between the two openings. Spandrels and
fire canopies shall be constructed to provide at least the
fire-resistance rating required for the exterior wall, but
in no event less than one hour.
[C26-503.3] 27-333 Parapets on exterior walls. Parapets shall be provided on all exterior walls of
buildings of construction class II-A, II-B, or II-C that
have roof construction of combustible materials.
(a) Exceptions. - A parapet need not be provided on the
exterior wall of any building:
(1) That is less than twenty-two feet high; or
(2) Whose roof has a pitch of more than twenty degrees
to the horizontal and whose overhang, fascia, cornice or
gutter is of noncombustible construction, or if of
combustible construction is separated from the roof and
ceiling construction by construction having the fireresistance rating required for the exterior wall of the
building. Combustible members, excluding roof sheathing
and its supporting members, if covered by a class A roof
covering and complying with the restrictions as required
by section 27-335 of this article, shall not extend
through this construction, but shall have at least four
inches of solid noncombustible material below, at the
sides, and at the ends of such members; or
(3) That is provided with a fire canopy at, or not more
than two feet below the roof level, continuous around
that portion of the wall that is without a parapet,
constructed as required by subdivision (f) of section 27-
147
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
firestopped as required by section 27-345 of article five of
this subchapter and either:
a. have their combustible structural members protected
by soffits and fascias of a material or assembly having
at least a one hour fire-resistance rating, or
b. have all their combustible members separated from
the roof and ceiling construction by construction having
the fire-resistance rating required for the exterior wall,
with at least four inches of solid noncombustible material
below, at the sides, and at the ends of such members;
(3) May be used to an unlimited extent in buildings of
construction classes II-D and II-E on exterior walls that are
not required to have a fire-resistance rating.
*27-335.1 Acoustical and thermal insulation; use
in noncombustible construction. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this code to the
contrary, acoustical or thermal insulation, which is not
noncombustible, may be used where noncombustible
construction is required if:
(1) it satisfactorily passes a test for determining
noncombustibility of elementary materials, based on the
test procedures of A.S.T.M. E136-65, and, upon exposure
to fire will not produce products of decomposition or
combustion that are more toxic in point of concentration
than those given off by wood or paper when decomposing
or burning under comparable conditions; or
(2) it has a flame-spread rating not greater than twentyfive, a smoke developed rating not greater than fifty, is
without evidence of continued progressive combustion
when tested in accordance with the test procedure of
reference standard RS 5-5, and upon exposure to fire will
not produce products of decomposition or combustion that
are more toxic in point of concentration than those given
off by wood or paper when decomposing or burning
under comparable conditions.
(b) Notwithstanding any provision of subdivision a of
this section or any other provision of this code to the
contrary, acoustical or thermal insulation, which is not
noncombustible and which does not meet the
requirements of subdivision a of this section, may be
used where noncombustible construction is required
subject to the approval of the commissioner, and
provided it is installed in a composite method of
construction, with a minimum of three inches of
unpierced masonry or concrete on all sides.
(c) Notwithstanding any provision of subdivision a or b
of this section or any other provision of this code to the
contrary, thermal insulation, which is not noncombustible
and which does not meet the requirements of subdivisions
a and b of this section, may be installed in an exterior wall
system in any noncombustible construction group,
provided that:
(1) such insulation is of a thickness no greater than
four inches; provided, additional thickness used
exclusively for decorative or leveling purposes shall be
permissible, where the area of such additional thickness
148
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
commissioner, acceptance requirements of section 27-131
and the manufacturer's installation recommendations.
(d) The commissioner may, with regard to thermal
insulation, the use of which is authorized by this
subdivision, establish by regulation training criteria for
persons installing such insulation, and prohibit the
installation of such insulation by persons not adequately
trained. Any person installing such insulation shall
certify to the commissioner that the installation is fully
consistent with the terms of the listing by a nationally
recognized testing laboratory acceptable to the
commissioner, acceptance requirements of section 27-131
and the manufacturer's installation recommendations.
(e) Definitions. As used in this section:
(1) "Composite method of construction" shall mean a
method of construction in which diverse materials are
combined to form an assembly, whether the assembly is
prefabricated or fabricated at the site of installation.
(2) "Exterior wall system" shall include the exterior
walls of a building and the appurtenances thereof.
*Local Law 13-1987.
[C26-503.6] 27-336 Porticos, porches, etc. Porticos, entranceways, storm enclosures, bay windows,
oriel windows, porches, or similar appendages may be
constructed of combustible materials or assemblies on
buildings of construction class II-E to an unlimited extent,
and on buildings of construction classes II-A, II-B, II-C,
and II-D under all of the following conditions:
(a) The building is classified in occupancy group J-2 or J3.
(b) The building is not more than three stories or forty feet
high.
(c) The appendage has an exterior separation on all
exposed sides of at least fifteen feet, measured from the
outermost surface of the appendage.
(d) The appendage is so constructed that its removal or
destruction will not reduce the structural stability or fire
resistive integrity of the building.
(e) The vertical surface area of the combustible portions
of the appendage, including any exterior trim, is not
more than ten percent of the total wall area (windows
excluded) of the building.
(f) The appendage has a superficial roof area not exceeding
one hundred fifty square feet and is included in the area
limitations of table 4-1 and 4-2 for the entire building.
(g) The appendage is not higher than the sills of the
second story windows.
(h) The roof of the appendage has a class A roof
covering.
(i) The soffit or ceiling covering the combustible roof
framing of the appendage has a one hour fire-resistance
rating.
(j) The requirements of subdivisions (h) and (i) of this
section shall not apply in the case of roofs or awnings
over patios or entrance platforms where the area of
149
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
prescribed in paragraph two of this subdivision.
Skylights that are inclined at greater than sixty degrees
to the horizontal shall have sash and frames constructed
as required for windows, and their glazing shall be as
required for windows. Glass, glass blocks, or plastic
used in skylights shall be designed and constructed to
withstand the same live loads as required for roofs plus
any concentrated live loads required herein.
(2) GLAZING. a. Skylights over stairways and shafts. - Skylights
placed over stairways and shafts shall be glazed with
plain glass not more than one-eighth inch thick or
unreinforced plastic not more than three-sixteenths of
an inch thick.
b. Skylights over other spaces. - Skylights in all
locations other than over stairways and shafts shall be
glazed with one-quarter inch wired glass, plain glass,
glass block, or plastic of material and installation
complying with subparagraph c of this paragraph.
c. Plastic. - Plastic used for the glazing of skylights
other than skylights over stairways and shafts shall be
slow burning plastic. The aggregate area of skylight
openings, other than over stairways and shafts, shall not
exceed thirty per cent of the floor area of any room or
space sheltered by the roof in which they are located.
The edges of plastic, if exposed, shall be protected by
metal or other noncombustible material. Skylights in
which plastic is used, if on roofs having a pitch of
twenty degrees to the horizontal or less, shall be
constructed in accordance with the following:
1. The area within the curbs of each skylight shall not
exceed five square feet, except that this area may be of
any size, limited only by other provisions of this
section, if the opening is protected on all sides by a
noncombustible railing thirty-six inches in height
complying with the provisions of section 27-558 of
article three of subchapter nine of this chapter for
railings; or the skylight is subdivided into areas of five
square feet or less by noncombustible muntins or bars
capable of supporting a live load of three hundred
pounds at any point; or a noncombustible screen or grid
capable of supporting a load of three hundred pounds
over any one foot by two foot area as provided above,
integral with, or not more than three feet below the
skylight, with the wire or bars spaced into areas of five
square feet or less (if above the roof, the wires shall be
of corrosion resistive metal).
2. There shall be a minimum clear distance of three feet
between skylights.
(3) SEPARATION OF SKYLIGHTS FROM STRUCTURES.
There shall be at least ten feet between a plain glass or
plastic skylight and any door in a stair bulkhead located
above the roof in which the skylight is located, and at
least ten feet between such a skylight and any opening
in any roof structure or other wall above the roof not
equipped with an opening protective. On buildings up
150
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
ARTICLE 5
PREVENTION OF INTERIOR FIRE SPREAD
[C26-504.1] 27-339 Fire segregation of occupancies.(a) Segregation by fire divisions. - When different
occupancies are to be segregated by fire divisions under
the provisions of section 27-240 of subchapter three of
this chapter, the occupancies shall be separated from
each other, vertically and horizontally, by fire divisions
having at least the fire-resistance ratings listed in table
5-2 for the occupancy groups involved. Every building
section shall be constructed of elements having at least
the fire-resistance rating of a construction class required
for the area and height of the building section as listed
in tables 4-1 and 4-2.
(b) Segregation by fire separations. - When different
spaces are to be segregated by fire separations under the
provisions of section 27-240 of subchapter three of this
chapter, the occupancies shall be separated from each
other, vertically and horizontally, by fire separations
having at least the fire-resistance ratings listed in table 5-1.
In buildings of construction group I, fire separations shall
be constructed of noncombustible materials.
(c)
Compartmentation. - Notwithstanding the
provisions of Table 4-1, in existing office buildings one
hundred feet or more in height having air-conditioning
and/or mechanical ventilation systems that serve more
than the floor on which the equipment is located,
unsprinklered floor areas, more than forty feet above
curb level, shall be subdivided by fire separations into
spaces or compartments of the size required by
paragraphs one through five of this subdivision. Floor
area shall be defined as the area within exterior walls
and excluding any areas enclosing stairs, corridors,
elevators and shafts:
(1) Unless otherwise provided below, all unsprinklered
floor areas shall be segregated by one-hour fire
separations into spaces or compartments not to exceed
seventy-five hundred square feet.
(2) Where the floor area exceeds ten thousand square
feet, at least one of the subdividing fire separations
shall be of two-hour fire-resistive construction, creating
areas of refuge, complying with section 27-372 of
article five of subchapter six of this code except that the
requirement for an elevator in each area shall not apply.
(3) The floor area or any subdivided area may be increased to
not more than fifteen thousand square feet if complete area
protection by approved devices for the detection of products
of combustion other than heat is provided within such
increased area and provided further than*** at least one of the
subdividing fire separations shall be of two-hour fire-resistive
construction where the floor area exceeds fifteen thousand
square feet, creating areas of refuge in the same manner and
under the same conditions as provided in two of this
subdivision. The activation of any such detectors shall have
the same effect as provided in subdivision (f) of section 27972 of article five of subchapter seventeen of this code.
151
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
TABLE 5-1 FIRE SEPARATIONS
Key: Fire-resistance ratings are given in hours. For Table 5-1, read above heavy line. For Table 5-2, read below heavy line.
NRNo Requirement
OCCUPANCY
A
B-1
B-2
C
D-1
D-2
E
F-1a
F-1b
F-2
F-3
F-4
G
H-1
H-2
J-1
J-2
J-3
A
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
B-1 B-2
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
NR
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
C
4
1bc
NR
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
D-1 D-2
4
NR
NR
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
E
c
4
ac
1
NR
NR
a
1
NR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
F-3
F-4
4
c
1
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
c
1
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
c
1
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
c
1
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
H-1 H-2
4
4
c
c
1
1
NR NR
NR 1
1
1
NR NR
a
NR 1
NR 1
NR 1
NR 1
NR 1
2 NR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
J-1
J-2
J-3
4
4
c
c
1
1
NR NR
1
1
1
1
NR NR
a
a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NR NR
NR 1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
c
1
NR
1
1
NR
a
1
1
1
1
1
NR
1
1
NR
2
2
4
c
1
NR
1
1
NR
a
1
1
1
1
1
NR
1
1
NR
NR
2
152
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
(4) In existing buildings, existing fire separations of
one-hour fire-resistive construction may be accepted in
lieu of the fire separation of two hour fire-resistive
construction providing all other requirements of
paragraphs two and three of this subdivision are
complied with.
(5) Regardless of the floor area, no subdivision of the
floor area shall be required under this subdivision when
complete sprinkler protection is provided in accordance
with the construction provisions of subchapter
seventeen of this chapter.
(6) Existing office buildings one hundred feet or more
in height shall comply with the requirements of this
subdivision as follows:
a. Whenever an alteration is performed involving
partition changes, compliance with this subdivision
shall be required in that portion of the building being
altered.
b. At least one-third of the total floor area of the
building not in compliance with the requirements of this
subdivision on February seventh, nineteen hundred
seventy-three, shall comply with such requirements on
or before December thirteenth, nineteen hundred
eighty-one. Complete plans showing such compliance
for the phase of the work to be done shall be filed with,
and a permit secured from, the commissioner on or
before September thirteenth, nineteen hundred eighty.
c. At least two-thirds of the total floor area of the
building not in compliance with the requirements of this
subdivision on February seventh, nineteen hundred
seventy-three, shall comply with such requirements on
or before August seventh, nineteen hundred eighty-four.
d. Full compliance shall be provided on or before
February seventh, nineteen hundred eighty-eight.
(7) In existing office buildings one hundred feet or
more in height where compliance would cause practical
difficulty or undue hardship, the commissioner may
waive or modify the requirements of paragraphs one
through five of this subdivision and accept alternatives
fulfilling the intent of these requirements. Where
compliance with the time requirements of paragraph six
of this subdivision would cause undue hardship, the
commissioner, with the approval of the fire commissioner,
may extend the time for compliance, in accordance with
rules and regulations to be promulgated. Before such
application for a time extension shall be considered all
required applications and plans must be filed and
approved, permits obtained and a good faith effort
towards completion of the work shall have been made.
***As enacted; "that" probably intended.
153
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
Fire Protection
Rating of Opening
Protective
3 hr. (Class A)*
1 hr. (Class B)
hr. (Class C)
154
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
provided that the space between the pipe or conduit and
its sleeve or opening does not exceed one-half inch and
is completely packed with mineral wool or equivalent
noncombustible material and is closed off by closefitting metal escutcheons on both sides of the
construction; and provided further that the aggregate net
area of such openings does not exceed twenty-five
square inches in any one hundred square feet of wall or
floor area (excluding the areas of openings for sleeves
which are firestopped in conformance with this section
and section 27-345).
(c) Openings for passage of pipe and ducts whose
aggregate net area exceeds twenty-five square inches in
any one hundred square feet of wall or floor area
(excluding opening for sleeves which are firestopped in
conformance with this section and section 27-345) may
pierce constructions required to have a fire-resistance
rating only when the type of construction to be used has
been tested with such types of facilities installed in place
and the proportionate area of openings of such facilities
to be installed in the construction does not exceed the
proportionate area of openings in the assembly tested,
and provided no opening is larger than that in the
assembly tested. Protection of such openings shall be the
same as provided in the test. All openings through
hollow fire rated construction shall be sleeved with sheet
metal least No. 14 U.S. std. gage thick.
*(d) The installation and proper functioning of required
fire dampers shall be subject to the controlled inspection
requirements of section 27-132 of this code, except that
it shall not be required that the architect or engineer be in
the employ of the owner.
*Local Law 26-2004.
155
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
156
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
Flame Spread
Rating
0 to 25
26 to 75
76 to 225
Over 225
Smoke
Developed
Rating
25
50
100
157
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
*
Occupancy Group
Classification of
the Space
High Hazard
Storage
Storage
Mercantile
Industrial
Industrial
Business
Assembly
Assembly
Assembly
Assembly
Assembly
Educational
Institutional
Residential
Residential
Exits and
Shafts
Corridors
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
D
Rooms More
Than 1500 Sq.
a
Ft. in Area
B
B
Bc
Bc
B
Bc
C
B
c
B
c
B
c
B
c
B
B
B
e
B
D
Rooms Less
Than 1500 Sq.
a
Ft. in Area
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
d
B
c, d
B
c, d
B
c, d
B
C
C
d
B
e,f
B
D
158
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
[C26-504.11] 27-349 Coatings. - Coatings applied in
the field by brush or spray shall not be used as flamespread retardants except on existing surfaces of
buildings existing on December sixth, nineteen hundred
sixty-eight, and then only with the express permission
of, and in a manner directed by, the commissioner.
[C26-504.12]
27-350
Ceiling construction. Ceilings that are to be suspended below floor or roof
construction by means of a framing system shall consist
of supporting hangers, carrying channels and a
supporting grid complying with reference standard RS
5-16 or shall have supporting hangers and carrying
channels and a supporting grid that can be demonstrated
to the satisfaction of the commissioner to be of strength
adequate to support the ceiling material. The hangers
and supporting grid shall be of noncombustible
materials. In buildings of construction group II, every
other hanger supported from wood members shall be
attached by a through bolt or clinched through nail.
Where, in table 3-4, floor or roof construction is
required to have a fire-resistance rating, a ceiling
having no fire-resistance rating may be suspended
below the fire-resistance construction.
*
(a) Luminous ceilings. - For the purpose of this
section, a luminous ceiling shall be defined as a ceiling
consisting of translucent, louvered, egg-crated, mesh, or
similar light-diffusing material suspended from the
ceiling or structural framework. A suspended ceiling
containing less than twenty square feet of translucent,
louvered, egg-crated, mesh, or similar material in any
one hundred square feet of ceiling area shall not be
considered a luminous ceiling, and shall be constructed
and installed in accordance with department of buildings
requirements for lighting fixtures. Luminous ceilings shall,
in addition to the requirements of this section, conform to all
of the requirements of section 27-348 of this article for
interior finish.
*Local Law 59-1996.
159
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
spaces shall extend under or through fire divisions or
through fire separations. Combustible insulating or
sound absorbing boards not more than one-half inch
thick and having a flame-spread rating not greater than
Class C may be used when attached directly to
noncombustible floor construction and covered with
finish flooring.
(c) Flooring in buildings or spaces of construction
group II. - Except as provided in subdivision (a) of this
section, finish flooring in buildings or spaces of
construction group II may be of combustible material.
(d) Floor coverings. (1) Exits. - Where exits are required under any
provision of this code, carpets and carpet assemblies
shall not be installed in such exits, except that wool
carpeting may be installed in lobby areas, exit
passageways and convenience stairs.
(2) Flammability requirements. - The requirements of
this subdivision shall apply to carpets and carpet
assemblies only when used as a floor covering (for
requirements pertaining to carpets and carpet assemblies
used as interior finishes, see section 27-348 of this
article). For purposes of this subdivision, carpeting
assemblies shall include the carpet, its underlay, and
adhesives which when tested as a composite shall be
representative of the proposed installation.
a. Pill test. - All carpets and underlayments shall pass a
methanine pill test in accordance with the requirements
of reference standard RS 5-20.
b. Critical radiant flux test. - Carpets and carpet
assemblies shall be tested by the method for critical
radiant flux in accordance with the requirements of
reference standard RS 5-20. The time frame for such
test shall be at least a fifteen minute exposure.
1. Carpets and carpet assemblies representative of the
actual installation on floors of corridors, shall have a
minimum critical radiant flux of 0.5 watts per square
centimeter (W/cm2).
2. Carpets and carpet assemblies representative of the
actual installation on floors of general areas shall have a
minimum critical radiant flux of 0.4 W/cm2.
c. Smoke developed ratings. - Carpets and carpet
assemblies representative of the actual installation on
floors of corridors or general areas shall be tested for
smoke developed ratings in accordance with the
requirements of reference standard RS 5-20. The smoke
developed ratings in either the flaming or no-flaming
mode shall not exceed three hundred within the first
four minutes of the test.
d. The manufacturer of the carpets and carpet assemblies
shall submit a certificate from an independent laboratory
acceptable to the commissioner pursuant to section 27131, showing the complete test data results, prior to final
acceptance. The certification shall state that the material is
treated for fire resistance and shall indicate the service life
of the treatment or that the material is inherently fire
resistant by virtue of its construction, chemical properties
and/or composition. Materials which are not inherently fire
[C26-504.15] 27-353 Smoke and heat venting. (a) Where the floor area of a one-story building
classified in occupancy group A, B-1, or D-1 is greater
in depth than one hundred feet from a frontage space,
that portion beyond one hundred feet shall be provided
with roof vents and smoke curtains complying with the
requirements of reference standard RS 5-11. Where the
effective area of vents are glazed with plain glass or
plastic not thicker than one-eighth inch, they need not
be provided with automatic opening devices.
(b) Buildings classified in occupancy group E, one
hundred feet or more in height, having air-conditioning
and/or mechanical ventilation systems that serve more
than the floor on which the equipment is located, shall
be provided with at least one smoke shaft by means of
which smoke and heat shall be mechanically vented to
the outdoors as provided in reference standard RS 5-17.
Buildings that are sprinklered throughout shall be
exempt from the smoke shaft requirements.
(c) Existing office buildings, one hundred feet or more
in height, having air-conditioning and/or mechanical
ventilation systems that serve more than the floor on
which the equipment is located, shall be provided with
at least one smoke shaft by means of which smoke and
heat shall be mechanically vented to the outdoors as
provided in reference standard RS 5-17, or in lieu of
such smoke shaft or shafts, all interior enclosed stairs
other than a fire tower or access stairs may be provided
with a system of pressurization for fire emergency use.
Such pressurization shall be provided by means of a
system or systems as provided in reference standard RS
5-18. Such buildings shall comply with the smoke and
heat venting requirements herein on or before September
thirteenth, nineteen [sic] hundred eighty-two. Complete
plans showing such compliance shall be filed with, and a
permit secured from, the commissioner on or before
September thirteenth, nineteen hundred eighty.
Existing buildings that are sprinklered throughout shall
be exempt from the smoke shaft and stair pressurization
requirements.
An existing building, which is to be sprinklered throughout,
shall be exempt from the smoke shaft and stair
pressurization requirements under the following conditions:
(1) the installation proceeds in conformance with a
schedule acceptable to the commissioner, setting forth the
sequence and corresponding time for installation in the
various locations. On or before September thirteenth,
nineteen hundred eighty such a schedule, as well as
complete plans of the installation, shall be filed with, and a
160
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
permit secured from, the commissioner for the phase of the
work to be done as required by paragraph two of this
subdivision.
(2) at least one-third of the total floor area of the building,
including but not limited to the entrance lobby,
corridors and elevator landing areas, is sprinklered on or
before December thirteenth, nineteen hundred eighty-one.
(3) at least two-thirds of the total floor area of the building
is sprinklered on or before December thirteenth, nineteen
hundred eighty-two.
(4) the building is sprinklered throughout on or before
December thirteenth, nineteen hundred eighty-three.
Where compliance with the time requirements of this
subdivision would cause undue hardship, the commissioner,
with the approval of the fire commissioner, may extend the
time for compliance, in accordance with rules and
regulations to be promulgated. Before such application for a
time extension shall be considered all required applications
and plans must be filed and approved, permits obtained and
a good faith effort towards completion of the work shall
have been made.
[C26-504.16] 27-353.1 Smoke protection for elevators
and escalators. (a) Elevators.- In existing buildings classified in occupancy
group J-1, at every floor above the main entrance floor,
all passenger elevators [sic] shall open only into elevator
vestibules, except for:
(1) Such existing buildings which contain spaces
classified in occupancy group C or F and have an
automatic sprinkler system protecting all spaces (except
boiler rooms) not in occupancy group J-1 and all exits
and corridors serving such spaces located on or below
the lowest floor containing sleeping rooms as well as all
storage closets no matter where located, except that
storage closets less than seventy-five square feet may, in
the alternative, be provided with smoke detectors which
shall be of the central supervisory type connected to an
approved central station; or
(2) Such existing buildings, which contain no, spaces in
occupancy group C or F, and have either:
a. An automatic sprinkler system protecting all public
areas and storage closets; or
b. An automatic sprinkler system protecting all sleeping
rooms and storage closets.
c. Notwithstanding subparagraphs a and b of this
paragraph, storage closets less than seventy-five square
feet may be provided with smoke detectors of the central
supervisory type connected to an approved central station.
d. Notwithstanding any other provision of this code,
the sprinklers serving the storage closets may be connected
with the domestic water supply.
(b) Escalators. - In buildings and existing buildings classified
in occupancy group J-1, fire protection for escalators
shall be provided by any one of the following methods:
(1) Enclosure in accordance with sections 27-375 and
27-378 if escalator is used as an exit; or
(2) Automatic rolling shutters in accordance with
161
Title 27 / Subchapter 5
the opening. The smoke barrier may be constructed of
heat-strengthened or tempered glazing or the equivalent
and protected by sprinkler heads constructed in
accordance with subchapter seventeen of this chapter
and installed a maximum of six feet (6-0) on center on
each side of the barrier. If the smoke barrier is
constructed of glass, the portions of the smoke barrier
located within two feet of the door opening and within
five feet of the floor shall be constructed of tempered
glass. Glass panels having an area in excess of nine
square feet with the bottom edge less than eighteen
inches above the floor shall likewise be constructed of
tempered glass. Portions of glass smoke barriers shall be
marked where required in accordance with the rules of
the board of standards and appeals.
*Local Law 26-2004.
162
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
SUBCHAPTER 6
MEANS OF EGRESS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
Art.
or Sec. **
[600.0]
[600.1]
[600.2]
[600.3]
Art. 1
354
355
356
[601.0]
Art. 2
[601.1]
[601.2]
[601.3]
[601.4]
[602.0]
[602.1]
[602.2]
[602.3]
[602.4]
[603.0]
[603.1]
357
358
359
360
Art. 3
361
362
363
364
Art. 4
365
[603.2]
[603.3]
[604.0]
366
367
Art. 5
[604.1]
[604.2]
[604.3]
[604.4]
[604.5]
[604.6]
[604.7]
[604.8]
[604.9]
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
376.1
377
378
379
380
Art. 6
381
382
Art. 7
[604.10]
[604.11]
[604.12]
[604.13]
[605.0]
[605.1]
[605.2]
[606.0]
[606.1]
383
383.1
General
Scope
Definitions
Inadequate Exits for Existing
Structures
Determination of Exit
Requirements
Exit Requirements
Occupant Load
Capacity of Exits
Travel Distance
Location of Exits
Arrangement
Tenant Spaces
Remote Location
Exit Discharge
Number of Exits
Egress from Rooms and
Spaces
Exits from Floors
Exit Reduction
Access Requirements and
Exit Types
General
Corridors
Exit Passageways
Doors
Area of Refuge
Horizontal Exits
Supplemental Vertical Exits
Interior Stairs
Exterior Stairs
Fire Tower
Ramps
Escalators
Moving Walkways
Fire Escapes
Exit Lighting
Requirements
Power Source
Exit Signs and Other
Markings
Requirements
Additional Requirements for
High Rise Office Buildings
and Occupancy Group E
High Rise Buildings
[606.2]
[606.3]
[606.4]
[606.5]
[607.0]
[607.1]
[607.2]
384
385
386
387
Art. 8
388
389
[608.0]
[608.1]
[608.2]
[608.3]
[608.4]
Art. 9
390
391
392
393
[608.5]
394
[608.6]
[608.7]
[609.0]
[609.1]
[609.2]
[609.3]
[610.0]
[610.1]
[610.2]
[610.3]
395
396
Art. 10
396.1
396.2
396.3
Art.11
396.4
396.5
396.6
Power Source
Exit Sign Design
Directional Sign Design
False Exits
Exit Signs for Existing Buildings
Retroactive Provisions
Designation of Required Means of
Egress
Stair and Elevator Signs
Applicability
Signs at Elevator Landings
Floor Numbering Signs
Stair and Elevator
Identification Signs
Stair Re-entry Signs in Office
Buildings
Materials for Signs
Signs in Existing Buildings
Signs in Sleeping Rooms
Applicability
Requirements
Retroactive Requirements
Emergency Power
Requirements
Registration
Applicability
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
[C26-600.1] 27-354 Scope. The provisions of this subchapter shall control the design,
construction, protection, location, arrangement and
maintenance of required exit facilities to provide safe means of
egress from all buildings hereafter erected, altered or
changed in occupancy, except that exit requirements for
special uses and occupancies, as provided in subchapters
seven and eight of this chapter, shall take precedence over the
provisions of this subchapter and except further that
buildings in existence on December sixth, nineteen hundred
sixty-eight shall comply with the applicable requirements of
section 27-356 of this article, section 27-371 of article five
of this subchapter and articles eight and nine of this
subchapter.
163
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
[C26-601.2] 27-358 Occupant load. The number of occupants for whom exit facilities shall be
provided shall be established either (1) by the actual
number of occupants for whom each occupied space,
floor, or building, as the case may be, is designed, or (2)
by using the appropriate occupant-area ratios from table
6-2, whichever is larger. The occupant load of any space
shall include the occupant load of all spaces that
discharge through it in order to gain access to an exit.
(a) Unlisted occupancies. - Where data regarding the sq.
ft. per person for an occupancy is not listed in table 6-2, the
occupant load shall be established by an architect or
engineer, subject to the approval of the commissioner.
(b) Modifications. (1) When the actual occupant load of any space will be
significantly lower than that listed in table 6-2, the
commissioner may establish a lower basis for the
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
Storage
Mercantile
Industrial
Business
Assembly*
Educational
Institutional
Residential
Group
Designation
Sprinklered
High Hazard
Doors Openings
Unsprinklered
Occupancy
Group of
Building or
Space
Capacity
Number of Persons per Unit of Width
A
c
B-1
c
B-2
C
D-1
D-2
E
F
G
H-1
H-2
J-1
J-2
J-3
N.P.
100
125
150
125
150
200
150
150
125
125
150
150
N.R.
150
150
175
200
175
200
300
200
200
175
175
200
200
N.R.
All Other
Stairs,
To
k
Exit and
Escalators
Outdoors
Corridor
at Grade
Doors
50
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
30
50
50
N.R.
40
60
60
80
80
80
80
80
80
40
30
40
40
N.R.
Corridors
30
45
45
60
60
60
60
60
60
30
15
30
30
N.R.
Ramps,
Corridors,
Exit Passagej
ways,
Horizontal
Exits
50
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
30
50
50
N.R.
Min.
Width
(in.)
Max. Dead
h
End
(length in
ft.)
36
36
36
36
44
44
44
44
e
66
36
f
96
36
36
N.R.
N.P.
50
N.R.
50
50
50
50
30
d
30
40
g
30
40
40
N.R.
[C26-601.3] 27-359 Capacity of exits. The capacity of exits and access facilities shall be
measured in units of width of twenty-two inches, and
the number of persons per unit of width shall be
determined by the occupancy group classification and
type of exit as listed in table 6-1. Fractions of a unit of
width less than twelve inches shall not be credited.
Where twelve inches or more are added to one or more
full units of width, one-half unit of width may be credited.
165
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
Billiard rooms.
Bowling alleys
Classrooms.
Dance floors...
Dining spaces (nonresidential)...
Exhibition spaces...
Garages and open parking structures..
Gymnasiums...
Habitable rooms.
Industrial shops..
In schools....
Institutional sleeping rooms
Adults.
Children (except as listed below)...
Day Care
a. under 6 mos.
b. 6 mos. * 2 yrs
c. 2 yrs. * 6 yrs..
Institutional staff, all...
Kindergartens.
Kitchens (nonresidential)...
Laboratories
Preparation rooms...
Libraries.
Locker rooms.
Offices
Passenger terminals or platforms...
Sales areas (retail)..
1st floor or basement...
All other floors...
Seating areas (audience) in all places
of assembly
Fixed seats..
Moveable seats...
Skating rinks...
Stages (See subchapter eight).
Standing room (audience) in all places
of assembly...
Storage rooms.
Net Floor
Area per
Occupant
(sq. ft.)
50
50
20
10
12
10
250
15
140
200
30
75
50
50
40
30
30
35
200
50
100
25
12
100
1.5xC
25
50
D
10
15
4
200
Notes:
Ccapacity of all passenger vehicles that can be unloaded simultaneously.
Ddesigned number of seats or occupants.
*Dash not enacted but probably intended
[C26-601.4] 27-360 Travel distance. (a) General requirement. The maximum travel distance from the most remote point
in any room or space to the center of a door opening directly
on an open exterior space, a vertical exit, an interior stair, an
exit passageway or to a horizontal exit shall not be greater
than the limit specified in table 6-1 for the occupancy group
classification of the room or space.
(b) Travel distance within dwelling units. In buildings classified in occupancy groups J-1 and J-2, the
maximum travel distance from the centerline of a door from
any habitable room within a dwelling unit either to the
centerline of a door opening on a corridor or to the center of
a door opening on an exit shall not be greater than forty
feet, except that for buildings classified in occupancy
group J-2 of construction class I-A, the distance may be
increased to fifty feet. Such travel distances shall be included
in the maximum travel distance established in subdivision
(a) of this section.
(c) Measurement. - Travel distance shall be measured
along a natural and unobstructed path of travel. Where the
path of travel is over an access stair, it shall be measured
along an inclined straight line through the center of the
outer edge of each tread.
ARTICLE 3 LOCATION OF EXITS
[C26-602.1] 27-361 Arrangement. All exits and access facilities shall be located so that they
are clearly visible, or their locations clearly indicated, and they
shall be kept readily accessible and unobstructed at all times.
[C26-602.2] 27-362 Tenant spaces. When more than one tenant occupies a building or floor
area, each tenant shall have direct access to the required
number of exits without passing through premises
occupied by other tenants, except as permitted for
balconies in subdivision (g) of section 27-369 of article
five of this subchapter.
*[C26-602.3] 27-363 Remote location. (a) When more than one exit is required from a floor of a
building, each such required exit shall be placed as remote
from the others as is practicable. Where this results in a
distance between exits exceeding the maximum travel
distances required by section 27-357, additional remote
vertical exits shall be provided.
(b) In addition to the requirements of subdivision (a) of this section:
(1) For exits serving spaces classified in occupancy groups
G or J-2, in no event shall such exits be less than fifteen
feet distant from each other.
(2) For exits serving spaces classified in other occupancies,
in no event shall such distance be less than thirty feet or
one-third the maximum travel distance **[required by
section 27-357], whichever is greater.
(c) On any floor containing ten thousand square feet or
more in a high rise building classified in occupancy group E
(office space), each exit that is required to be remote from
another exit shall not share any common walls, floors,
ceilings, scissor stair assemblies, or other enclosures.
*Local Law 26-2004.
**As enacted but of the floor probably intended.
166
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
167
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
[C26-603.3] 27-367 Exit reduction. When a floor area has access to areas of refuge that
comply with the requirements of section 27-372 of article
five of this subchapter; the number of persons for whom
vertical exits are to be provided may be reduced to fifty
per cent of the occupant load of the floor area when one
area of refuge is provided, and may be reduced to thirtythree and one-third percent of the floor area when two
areas of refuge are provided. This section shall not be
applicable to any new or altered place of assembly,
except for such places of assembly in fully sprinklered
office buildings which occupy less than twenty per cent
of the floor area occupied by the principal use.
ARTICLE 5 ACCESS REQUIREMENTS AND
EXIT TYPES
[C26-604.1] 27-368 General. (a) Means of egress shall be provided for all buildings by
one or more of the facilities listed below. Access and exit
facilities not specifically covered in this section shall not
be used to satisfy the exit requirements of this code. Fire
escapes shall not be permitted on new construction, with
the exception of group homes. Fire escapes may be used as
exits on buildings existing on December sixth, nineteen
hundred sixty-eight when such buildings are altered,
subject to the approval of the commissioner, or as
provided in subdivision (b) hereof. Elevators or escalators
shall be provided in all new buildings exceeding four
stories in height except that buildings or building sections
classified in occupancy group H-2 exceeding one story in
height and buildings or building sections classified in
occupancy group G or J-1 exceeding two stories in height
shall be provided with elevators.
(b) In group homes all floors used by children shall
have alternate exits remotely located from each other
and readily accessible to the occupants. Fire escapes
shall be permitted as the second means of egress.
[C26-604.2] 27-369 Corridors.Corridors shall be kept readily accessible and
unobstructed at all times. Corridors shall be kept free of
combustible contents except that in buildings classified in
occupancy groups G, H-1 and H-2, combustible contents
may be stored in noncombustible lockers and combustible
bulletin boards meeting the requirements of table 5-4
shall be permitted.
(a) Capacity. - The capacity and minimum width of
corridors shall be as listed in table 6-1. Width shall be
measured in the clear between the narrowest points
produced by any projections such as radiators, lockers,
drinking fountains, or room or locker door swings, except
that such width may be reduced by projections up to
eighteen inches wide to the extent of two inches per unit of
168
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
169
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
authorized:
1. A space classified in occupancy group C, E,
F-3 or F-4 within fire separations having a minimum fireresistance rating of one hour, with an area not exceeding
twenty-five hundred square feet, may have an unlimited
length of show window under the following conditions:
(a) The maximum depth of show window
shall be three feet.
(b) Automatic sprinklers complying with the
construction requirements of subchapter seventeen of
this chapter, shall be provided in the show window display
area.
(c) The show window display area shall be
protected on all sides, except for the glazed window, by
construction having a two hour fire-resistance rating
with access provided by means of a fireproof self-closing
door having a three-quarter hour fire protection rating.
(d) The show window shall be glazed by
one-quarter inch polished plate glass or equivalent.
(e) Glass or other noncombustible doors
may be used for entrance to or egress from the space
within fire separations when installed in combination with
automatic fire doors having a one and one-half hour fire
protection rating. Such automatic fire doors shall be
located on the room side and shall be held open by
approved door-holding devices actuated to release
automatically upon the activation of smoke detecting
devices, whether of the photoelectric cell or other
approved type. In addition, automatic sprinkler heads,
complying with the construction requirements of
subchapter seventeen of this chapter, shall be provided
over the door openings on the room side.
2. A space classified in occupancy group C,
E, F-3, or F-4 within fire separations having a minimum fireresistance rating of one hour, with an area not exceeding
three thousand square feet, may have a maximum total
length of unprotected openings upon a corridor or exit
passageway not exceeding fifty percent of the space
frontage along such corridor or exit passageway under
the following conditions:
(a) The entire space shall be provided with
automatic sprinklers complying with the construction
requirements of subchapter seventeen of this chapter.
(b) The show window shall be glazed by
one-quarter inch polished plate glass or equivalent.
(c) All corridor or exit passageway doors
shall be self-closing, noncombustible, and smokeproof.
3. Show windows or other openings of unlimited
lengths and heights shall be permitted on any corridor or exit
passageway without requirements for fire-resistance doors
under the following conditions:
(a) The entire floor area, including the
corridors or exit passageways, shall be provided with
automatic sprinklers complying with the construction
requirements of subchapter seventeen of this chapter.
170
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
171
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
172
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
173
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
be counted.
(b) Door requirements. - Doors shall be swinging,
self-closing doors having a fire protection rating of one
and one-half hours, except that doors [sic] in fire
divisions having a three hour or four hour fire-resistance
rating shall have opening protective as required by table
5-3. Each swinging door shall swing in the direction of
exit travel, and when travel is in both directions, as
when two areas of refuge serve as areas of refuge for
each other, at least two door openings shall be provided,
the doors of which shall swing in opposite directions.
Signs shall be placed over each door on the side from
which egress is made, indicating the exit door.
(c) Balconies, bridges and tunnels. When serving as horizontal exits, balconies, bridges, and
tunnels shall comply with the following:
174
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
175
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
176
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
(j) Openings and obstructions to stair enclosures.No piping of any kind, with the exception of piping
required or permitted in subchapter seventeen of this
code, shall be permitted within a stair enclosure. No
openings of any kind, other than windows, fire
department access panels, exit doors and openings
specifically authorized in reference standard RS 5-18
shall be permitted within a stair enclosure. Pipes
required or permitted by such subchapter seventeen and
protected in accordance therewith which do not
reduce the required clearances of the enclosure may be
permitted. Ducts protected in accordance with the
requirements of subchapter thirteen of this chapter, which
do not reduce the required clearances of the
enclosure, may be permitted. In addition, in buildings in
occupancy group J-2, which are three stories or less in
height and occupied by not more than two families on
each story, a door from an apartment may open directly
into a stair, and the door may swing into the apartment.
(k) Roof access. (1) Except as otherwise provided for in paragraphs
two and three of this subdivision, in buildings or in building
sections more than three stories or forty feet high with
roofs having a slope of less than twenty degrees, access
to the roof shall be provided by at least one interior stair,
except that access to setback roof areas may be through a
door or window opening to the roof. Interior stairs
extending to roofs shall be enclosed in bulkheads of fireresistant construction meeting the requirements of
subchapter five of this chapter.
(2) In buildings or in building sections classified
in occupancy group J-1 or J-2 more than two stories in
height, except as otherwise provided for in paragraph
three of this subdivision, with roofs having a slope of
fifteen degrees or less all interior stairs, except those
terminating at a level of a setback roof, shall extend to
the roof and shall be enclosed in bulkheads of fireresistive construction meeting the requirements of
subchapter five of this chapter. Stairs terminating at
the level of a setback shall provide access to the
setback roof areas through a door except where the
setback is less than four feet in width, measured from
the inside of the parapet wall, and less than ten feet in
length.
(3) In buildings or in building sections classified in
occupancy group J-1 or J-2 two stories in height and in
occupancy group J-2 three stories in height with not
more than one dwelling unit per story with roofs
having a slope of fifteen degrees or less, access to the
roof shall be provided through a scuttle at least
Maximum
Minimum
1
Riser
Tread Width
Height (in.)
(in.)
closed risers)
Residential J-3 (with
open risers)
Residential J-2 (with
only three dwelling
units)...
Assembly F.
Institutional H-2..
7
7
All others2..
8
8
9 plus 1
nosing
9 plus
nosing
9 plus 1
nosing
9 plus
nosing
10 plus nosing
9 plus
nosing
[C26-604.9] 27-376 Exterior stairs. Exterior stairs may be used as exits in lieu of interior stairs
provided they comply with all of the requirements for
interior stairs, except enclosure, and except as modified below:
(a) Capacity. -The capacity of exterior stairs shall be
as listed in Table 6-1.
(b) Height limitation. - No exterior stair shall exceed
seventy-five feet or six stories in height.
(c) Construction. - Exterior stairs shall be constructed
entirely of non-combustible materials, except that in
buildings classified in occupancy groups other than G,
F, or H, or construction group II, located outside the
fire districts, exterior stairs may be built of combustible
materials when the buildings are two stories or thirty
feet in height or less and have an occupant load not
exceeding forty persons per floor above the street
177
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
[C26-604.10] 27-377 Ramps. Interior or exterior ramps may be used as exits in lieu of
interior or exterior stairs provided they comply with the
applicable requirements for interior stairs in section 27-375
of this article or exterior stairs in section, 27-376 of this
article respectively, and with the following:
(a) Capacity.- The capacity of ramps shall be as
listed in Table 6-1.
(b) Maximum grade. - Ramps shall not have a slope
steeper than 1 in 8, except that in buildings classified in
occupancy group H the slope shall not exceed 1 in 12, and
except as provided in subchapter eight of this chapter for
places of assembly.
(c) Design.(1) CHANGES IN DIRECTION.- Ramps shall be
straight, with changes in direction being made at level
platforms or landings, except that ramps having a slope
not greater than 1 in 12 at any place, may be curved.
(2) LENGTH.- The sloping portion of ramps shall
be at least three feet but not more than thirty feet long
between level platforms or landings.
(3) PLATFORMS. - Level platforms or landings, at
least as wide as the ramp, shall be provided at the
bottom, at intermediate levels where required, and at the
top of all ramps. Level platforms shall be provided on
each side of door openings into or from ramps having a
minimum length in the direction of exit travel of three
feet, and when a door swings on the platform or landing a
minimum length of five feet.
(4) DOORS. - Door openings into or from ramps
shall comply with the requirements for stairs in
subdivision (g) of section 27-375 of this article. No
door shall swing over the sloping portion of a ramp.
(5) GUARDS AND RAILINGS. - Guards and railings
of ramps shall comply with the applicable requirements
of subdivision (f) of section 27-375 of this article
except that only ramps having a slope steeper than 1 in
12 need comply with the requirements for handrails and
intermediate handrails shall not be required.
(6) SURFACE. - Interior ramps exceeding a slope
of 1 in 10 and all exterior ramps shall be provided with
nonslip surfaces.
**(7)Ramps for people having physical disabilities
shall additionally comply with the requirements of
reference standard RS 4-6.
**Local Law 58-1987.
[C26-604.11] 27-378 Escalators. Escalators may be used as exits in lieu of interior stairs
provided they comply with all of the requirements of
178
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
Balustrade1
32
48
Enclosure 2
52
68
Units of Exit
Width
1
2
Notes:
1Measured twenty-seven inches above front edge of tread.
2Clear width above handrails.
(b) Acceptable exits. Only escalators moving in the direction of exit travel
may be credited as exits, except that any escalator may
be credited when it is connected to an automatic fire
detection system that will cause it to stop
simultaneously with the detection of fire. The detection
system shall comply with the construction provisions of
subchapter seventeen of this chapter. Where an
escalator provides exit facilities from only one floor of a
building, the automatic detection system shall be
located on that floor. Where escalators provide exit
facilities from more than one floor, the detection system
shall be located on all floors so served, and shall cause
escalators on all floors of the section of the building that
they serve to stop operating. The stopping mechanism
shall operate to bring the escalator to a gradual, rather
than an abrupt stop.
(c) Escalators not used as exits. - Escalators that do
not serve as exits, and that connect more than two
stories of a building, shall be completely enclosed with
noncombustible construction having a three-quarter
hour fire-resistance rating, except that in buildings
completely protected by an automatic sprinkler system
complying with the construction requirements of
subchapter seventeen of this chapter, such escalators
may, alternatively, be protected by one of the methods
specified in subchapter eighteen of this chapter.
[C26-604.12] 27-379 Moving walkways. Pedestrian walkways consisting of conveyor belts shall
be considered as exit passageways if level, or as ramps
if inclined, and shall be acceptable as exits if they
comply with the applicable requirements for exit
passageways or ramps, and with the following:
(a) Capacity. - The capacity shall be as listed under
exit passageways or ramps, as the case may be, in table 6-1.
(b)Acceptable exits.- Only walkways moving in
the direction of exit travel may be credited as exits,
except that any moving walkway may be credited
when it is connected to an automatic fire detection
179
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
[C26-605.1] 27-381 Requirements. Corridors and exits shall be provided with artificial
lighting facilities, except as otherwise permitted by the
provisions of subchapter twelve of this chapter, in
accordance with the following:
(a) Illumination of at least two foot candles
measured at the floor level shall be maintained
continuously, during occupancy, in exits and their
access facilities for their full length, at changes in
direction in and intersections of corridors, balconies, exit
passageways, stairs, ramps, escalators, bridges, tunnels,
landings, and platforms, and as provided in subchapter
eight of this chapter for places of assembly, except that
this requirement shall not apply to dwelling units.
(b) In buildings classified in occupancy groups B-1
and B-2, exit lighting need only be maintained when a
section of floor is occupied.
(c) Illumination shall be so arranged that the failure
of any one light shall not leave any area in darkness.
(d) Phosphorescent materials shall not be used as a
method of providing illumination, nor shall battery
operated electric lights or portable lamps or lanterns be
used as primary sources of lighting.
*(e) (1) Buildings and existing buildings containing
an F-4 place of assembly with an occupant load of
three hundred or more persons shall install
emergency lighting in each vertical exit serving the
floor on which the place of assembly is located so
as to provide a continuously lighted passage to the
exterior of the building. Such lighting shall be
connected to an emergency power source or to storage
battery equipment meeting the requirements of the
commissioner.
(2) Existing buildings required to comply with
this subdivision shall install the emergency lighting on
or before April first, nineteen hundred eighty-seven.
***[C26-606.1] 27-383 Requirements.- (a) Exit signs.Except in occupancy groups J-2 and J-3, the location of
every exit on every floor and every opening from a
room classified in occupancy group J-1 and containing
cubicles shall be clearly indicated by exit signs. Such
signs shall be placed at an angle with the exit opening if
such placement is required for the signs to serve their
purpose. In long corridors, in open floor areas, and in
all other situations where the location of the exit may
not be readily visible or understood, directional signs
shall be provided to serve as guides from all portions of
the corridor or floor.
(b) Exit path markings in high rise office buildings
and in occupancy group E high rise buildings.- On and
after July 1, 2006 all high rise office buildings and all high
rise buildings classified in occupancy group E shall have
exit path markings conforming to this subdivision. This
provision shall be retroactive and shall apply to buildings
constructed on and after such date and to buildings in
existence on such date. All exit path markings required
herein shall be of an approved photoluminescent material.
The markings shall be washable, non-toxic, non radioactive,
and if subjected to fire must be self extinguishing when the
flame is removed.
(1) All doors opening to corridors, to an exit, or to an
exit passageway, shall be marked with the word exit.
(2) Within exit stairs, horizontal extensions in exit
stairs, horizontal exits, supplemental vertical exits and
exit passageways, except within street level lobbies,
there shall be directional markings.
(3) Required markings for exit paths shall comply with
the technical standards for installation and placement to
be set forth in a reference standard. Such reference standard
shall be designated RS 6-1 and shall be adopted on or
before January 1, 2006.
[C26-605.2] 27-382 Power source. *(a) Where a total of more than four lights is
required, exit lighting shall be connected to an
emergency power source or to storage battery
equipment meeting the requirements of the
commissioner, provided, however, that in existing
buildings, the exit lighting may be on circuits that are
separate from the general lighting and power circuits,
taken off ahead of the main switch.
(b) Existing high rise buildings classified in occupancy
group C, D or H and existing buildings classified
in occupancy group E, G or J-1 (except for "residential
hotels," as such term is defined by the commissioner
pursuant to rules and regulations) shall comply with
the requirements of this section on or before April
first, nineteen hundred eighty-seven.
*Local Law 59-1996.
180
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
[C26-606.2] 27-384 Power source. *(a) Where a total of more than four exit and/or
directional signs is required, the signs shall be
connected to an emergency power source or to storage
battery equipment meeting the requirements of the
commissioner, provided, however, that in existing
buildings, the signs may be on circuits that are
separate from the general lighting and power circuits,
taken off ahead of the main switch.
*Local
Law 59-1996.
[C26-606.3] 27-385 Exit sign design. Exit signs shall read only "exit" and shall be of the
externally lighted, internally lighted, or electroluminescent
type, except that they may be nonilluminated in buildings
not provided with artificial lighting.
(a) The artificial light source on externally lighted
signs shall provide a red light, either by the use of an
incandescent colored bulb or other visible red light
source, so as to provide at least twenty-five foot
candles on the exposed face of the sign. Visibility of
181
180a
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
180b
182
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
[C26-608.2] 27-391 Signs at elevator landings.A sign shall be posted and maintained on every floor at
the elevator landing. The sign shall read "IN CASE OF
FIRE, USE STAIRS UNLESS OTHERWISE
INSTRUCTED." The lettering shall be at least onehalf inch block letters in red with white background or
as otherwise approved by the commissioner. Such
lettering shall be properly spaced to provide good
legibility. The sign shall also contain a diagram
showing the location where it is posted and the location
and letter identification of the stairs on the floor. The
sign shall be at least ten inches by twelve inches,
located directly above a call button and securely attached
to the wall or partition. The top of such sign shall not be
above six feet from the floor level. The diagram on
such sign may be omitted provided that signs containing
such diagram are posted in conspicuous places on the
respective floor. In such case, the sign at the elevator
landing shall be at least two and one half inches by ten
inches and the diagram signs shall be at least eight
inches by twelve inches.
[C26-608.3] 27-392 Floor numbering signs. A sign shall be posted and maintained within each stair
enclosure on every floor, indicating the number of the
floor. The numerals shall be of bold type and at least
three inches high. The numerals and background shall be
in contrasting colors. The sign shall be securely
attached to the stair side of the door.
[C26-608.4] 27-393 Stair and elevator
identification signs. Each stair and each bank of elevators shall be identified
by an alphabetic letter. A sign indicating the letter of
identification for the elevator bank shall be posted and
maintained at each elevator landing directly above or as
part of the sign specified in section 27-391 of this
article. The stair identification sign shall be posted and
maintained on the occupancy side of the stair door. The
letter on the sign shall be at least three inches high, of
bold type and of contrasting color from the background.
Such signs shall be securely attached.
[C26-608.5] 27-394 Stair re-entry signs in office buildings.-
183
181
Title 27 / Subchapter 6
184
182
Title 27 / Subchapter 7
SUBCHAPTER 7
SPECIAL USES AND OCCUPANCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
[700.0]
[700.1]
[700.2]
[700.3]
[701.0]
[701.1]
[701.2]
[701.3]
[701.4]
[701.5]
[701.6]
[702.0
[702.1]
[702.2]
[702.3]
[702.4]
[702.5]
[702.6]
[702.7]
[703.0]
[703.1]
[703.2]
[703.3]
[703.4]
[703.5]
[704.0]
[704.1]
[704.2]
[704.3]
[704.4]
[704.5]
[704.6]
[704.7]
[705.0]
[705.1]
[705.2]
[705.3]
[705.4]
[705.5]
[705.6]
Art.
or Sec.**
Art. 1 General
397
Scope
398
Standards
399
Definitions
Art. 2 High Hazard Occupancies
400
Application
401
Explosion Hazard and
Unlisted Occupancies
402
Other Requirements
403
Location
404
Sprinkler Requirements
405
Ventilation of Storage
Occupancies
Art. 3 Occupancies Involving Spray
or Dip Finishing
406
Application
407
Classification
408
Location of Processes
409
Construction
410
Ventilation
411
Drying Equipment
412
Sprinklers
Art. 4 Uses and Occupancies
Involving Radioactive
Materials and RadiationProducing Equipment
413
Application
414
City, State, and Federal
Regulations
415
Laboratories
416
Radiation Machines
417
Storage
Art. 5 Boiler and Furnace Rooms
418
Application
419
Enclosure
420
Location
421
Clearances
422
Ash Storage Pits and Bins
423
Exit Requirements
424
Ventilation
Art. 6 Dry Cleaning Establishments
425
Application
426
Classification
427
Construction Requirements
428
Ventilation
429
Coin-Operated Units
430
Sprinklers
[705.7]
431
[706.0]
[706.1]
[706.2]
[706.3]
[706.4]
[706.5]
[706.6]
[707.0]
[707.1]
[707.2]
[707.3]
Art. 7
432
433
434
435
436
437
Art. 8
438
439
440
[707.4]
[707.5]
[708.0]
[708.1]
[708.2]
[708.3]
[708.4]
[708.5]
[708.6]
[708.7]
[709.0]
[709.1]
[709.2]
[709.3]
[709.4]
441
442
Art. 9
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
Art. 10
450
451
452
453
[709.5]
454
[709.6]
[709.7]
[709.8]
[709.9]
[709.10]
455
456
457
458
459
459.1
[710.0]
[710.1]
[710.2]
Art. 11
460
461
[710.3]
[710.4]
[710.5]
[710.6]
[710.7]
[710.8]
[710.9]
[710.10]
[710.11]
[710.12]
[710.13]
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
Separation of Direct-Fired
Dryers
Heliports
Application
Classification
Construction
Limitations
Exits
Fire Protection
Automotive Service Stations
Application
Classification
Gasoline and Diesel Oil
Motor Vehicle Fuel Storage
Location of Pumps
Heating Equipment
Automotive Repair Shops
Application
Classification
Volatile Flammables
Ventilation
Sprinklers
Heating Equipment
Pits
Public Garages
Application
Classification
Construction
Group 1 Public Garages in
Buildings of Other
Occupancy Classification
Roof Storage of Motor
Vehicles
Sprinklers
Ventilation
Exits
Ramps
Heating Equipment
Parking Spaces for People
Having Physical
Disabilities
Open Parking Structures
Application
Height and Area
Limitations
Construction
Exterior Walls
Curbs and Bumpers
Railings
Floor Openings
Motor Fuel Pumps
Mechanical Parking
Exits
Ramps
Elevators
Standpipes
183
Title 27 / Subchapter 7
472.1
[711.0]
[711.1]
[711.2]
[711.3]
[711.4]
[711.5]
[711.6]
[712.0]
[712.1]
[712.2]
[712.3]
Art. 12
473
474
475
476
477
478
Art. 13
479
480
481
[712.4]
482
483
[714.0]
[714.1]
[714.2]
[714.3]
[714.4]
[714.5]
Art. 15
488
489
490
491
492
[714.6]
493
493.1
[715.0]
[715.1]
[715.2]
[715.3]
[715.4]
[716.0]
Art. 16
494
495
496
497
Art. 17
[716.1]
[716.2]
[716.3]
[716.4]
[716.5]
[716.6]
[716.7]
[716.8]
[716.9]
[716.10]
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
[716.11]
508
Art. 17-A
508.1
508.2
508.3
508.4
508.5
508.6
508.7
[717.0]
[717.1]
[718.0]
[718.1]
[718.2]
[718.3]
[718.4]
[718.5]
[718.6]
[718.7]
[718.8]
[719.0]
[719.1]
[719.2]
[719.3]
[719.4]
[720.0]
[720.1]
[720.2]
[720.3]
[720.4]
[720.5]
[720.6]
[720.7]
[720.8]
[720.9]
[721.0]
[721.1]
[721.2]
[721.3]
[721.4]
[721.5]
[721.6]
[721.7]
Art. 18 Fences
509
Permitted Heights
Art. 19 Tents and Air-Supported
Structures
510
Location and Height
511
Separation
512
Fire Protection
513
Exits
514
Structural
Requirements
515
Flame Resistance
516
Pressurization System
517
Certificate of
Occupancy
Art. 20 Occupancies Involving
Storage of Nitric Acid
518
Application
519
Location
520
Construction
Requirements
521
Ventilation
Art. 21 Atriums
521.1 Applicability
521.2 Classification
521.3 Construction
521.4 Fire Protection
Equipment
521.5 Means of Egress
521.6 Fire Alarm and
Communication System
521.7 Signs
521.8 Smoke Control
521.9 Emergency Power
Art. 22 Malls
521.10 Applicability
521.11 Classification
521.12 Construction-General
521.13 Fire Protection
Equipment
521.14 Egress
521.15 Smoke Control
521.16 Signs
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
7-1 Height and Area Limitations of Open Parking
Structures
7-2 Ground Signs and Wall Signs (Noncombustible
Materials)
7-3 Roof Signs, Projecting Signs, and Marquee Signs
(Noncombustible Materials)
7-4 Ground Signs and Wall Signs (Combustible
Materials)
7-5 Roof Signs (Combustible Materials)
184
Title 27 / Subchapter 7
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-700.1] 27-397 Scope.
This subchapter shall apply only to those building types,
uses, and occupancies specifically regulated herein, and
the requirements of this subchapter shall be in addition to
the general requirements of other subchapters of this
code governing the size, location, fire protection, means of
egress, construction, and service equipment of buildings.
Chemical plants, packing plants, refineries, and similar
special occupancies may be constructed in accordance
with the practices and requirements of the particular
industry, subject to the approval of the commissioner.
[C26-700.2] 27-398 Standards. The provisions of reference standard RS-7 shall be a
part of this subchapter.
[C26-700.3] 27-399 Definitions. For definitions to be used in the interpretation of this
subchapter, see subchapter two of this chapter.
[C26-702.1] 27-406 Application. This section shall apply to the construction, alteration, and
use of buildings or spaces for the spraying, dipping, or
drying of flammable paints, varnishes, and lacquers or
other flammable materials, mixtures, or compounds used
for painting, varnishing, staining, or similar purposes.
[C26-702.2] 27-407 Classification. All occupancies involving spray painting, dipping, and
drying with flammable materials shall be classified in
high hazard occupancy group A.
[C26-702.3] 27-408 Location of processes. Spraying, dipping, or drying processes shall be located
in accordance with the requirements of 27-403 of article
two of this subchapter.
[C26-702.4]27-409 Construction. (a) Spray Booths. - Spray booths shall be substantially
constructed of noncombustible materials. Panels of
polished wired glass at least one-quarter inch thick, not
exceeding seven hundred twenty square inches in area
and not more than forty-eight inches in any linear
dimension, may be used in the sides of spray booths.
(1) Spray booths shall be provided with a mechanical
ventilating system meeting the requirements of section
27-410 of this article.
(2) Each spray booth having a frontal area larger
than nine square feet shall have a noncombustible
deflector or curtain at least six inches deep installed
along the upper outer edge of the booth, over the
opening, and shall be protected with an automatic
sprinkler system. The interior of ducts shall be
185
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[C26-702.6] 27-411 Drying equipment. Ovens and furnaces operated in connection with spray
or dip finishing processes shall be of an approved type.
[C26-702.7] 27-412 Sprinklers. Sprinkler protection shall be provided in all spraying,
dipping, or drying spaces using flammable materials in
RADIATION-PRODUCING EQUIPMENT
[C26-703.1] 27-413 Application. This section shall apply to the construction, alteration,
and use of buildings or spaces for radioactive materials
and radiation-producing equipment.
[C26-703.2] 27-414 City, state and federal regulations. -
186
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187
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188
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ARTICLE 7 HELIPORTS
[C26-706.1] 27-432 Application. This section shall apply to the construction, alteration, and
use of building roofs, or parts thereof, as heliports.
[C26-707.1] 27-438 Application. This section shall apply to the construction, alteration, and
use of buildings or spaces as automotive service stations.
189
Title 27 / Subchapter 7
[C26-707.4] 27-441 Location of pumps. No gasoline pumps or other mechanical equipment shall
be installed so as to permit servicing of motor vehicles
standing on a public street. Canopies and supports over
pumps and service equipment shall be noncombustible,
except that they may be of construction having a one hour
fire resistance rating or of heavy timber construction
meeting the requirements of section 27-623 of article
seven of subchapter ten of this chapter when located
more than twenty feet from interior lot lines and from
any building or structure.
[C26-707.5] 27-442 Heating equipment. Heat generating equipment for automotive service stations
shall be enclosed in accordance with the requirements
of section 27-419 of article five of this subchapter.
ARTICLE 9 AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR SHOPS
[C26-708.1] 27-443 Application. This section shall apply to the construction, alteration, and
190
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191
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[C26-709.9] 27-458 Ramps. Vehicular ramps in public garages shall not exceed a
gradient of one in seven, and their surfaces shall be
nonslip. A landing having a minimum length of twenty
feet shall be provided at the discharge point at the street
level, within the street line. Ramps serving as required
exits shall be enclosed in construction having a two
hour fire-resistance rating except that openings for
motor vehicles at each parking tier may be protected by a
water curtain consisting of deluge-type sprinkler heads
supplying at least three gallons of water per minute per
linear foot of opening.
[C26-709.10] 27-459 Heating equipment. Heat generating equipment for public garages shall be
enclosed in accordance with the requirements of section
27-419 of article five of subchapter seven of this chapter.
Law 58-1987.
As enacted but disabilities probably intended.
The height of the top parking surface, and the area per
parking tier, shall not exceed the limitations listed in
table 7-1.
TABLE 7-1
**
HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITATION[S] OF
OPEN PARKING STRUCTURES
Construction
Maximum
Allowable area
Classification
Allowable
per Parking
Height (ft.)
Tier (sq. ft.)
1A
Unlimited
Unlimited
1B
Unlimited
Unlimited
1C
100
50,000
1D
100
50,000
1E
75
30,000
**Copy in brackets not enacted but probably intended.
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[C26-711.6] 27-478 Ventilation. No air used for heating, cooling, or ventilation shall be
circulated through garages to dwellings.
ARTICLE 13 OPEN PARKING LOTS
[C26-712.1] 27-479 Application. This section shall apply to the construction, alteration,
and use of open parking lots. Open parking lots shall be
unobstructed and free of other uses. All driveways and
open spaces used for the parking or storage of motor
vehicles shall be surfaced with concrete asphalt, or
equivalent durable, dustless material.
[C26-712.2] 27-480 Curb cuts. -For the purpose of
this section, a curb cut shall be defined as the total
length of cut curb, including splays.
(a) For street frontages of one hundred feet or less, the
amount of cut curb shall not exceed sixty percent of the
frontage of the lot. No single curb cut shall exceed thirty
feet in length, and there shall not be more than two curb
cuts on any street frontage of one hundred feet or less. The
minimum distance between two curb cuts shall be five feet.
(b) For additional street frontage over one hundred
feet there may be an additional curb cut for each fifty
feet of frontage.
(c) No curb cut shall commence within eight feet of a
side lot line, except that on lots with street frontages of
fifty feet or less, or on corner lots, the curb cut may
commence two feet six inches from the side lot line.
(d) The distance of curb cuts from the intersection of
street lines shall comply with the zoning resolution.
(e) Notwithstanding any of the above computations, no
curb cut shall be less than ten feet.
[C26-712.3] 27-481 Protection of adjoiningproperty. -
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195
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[C26-714.4] 27-491 Ventilation and heating. Indoor pools, dressing rooms, toilets, and shower rooms
shall be ventilated in accordance with the requirements
of subchapter twelve of this chapter. Unless used only
between May first and October thirty-first, such spaces
shall be heated in accordance with the requirements of
subchapter twelve of this chapter.
[C26-714.5] 27-492 Water circulation, water
treatment, and drainage. The supply, circulation, treatment, and drainage of
water for pools shall meet the requirements of subchapter
sixteen of this chapter and the health code.
[C26-714.6] 27-493 Safety precautions. (a) No overhead electrical conductors shall be
installed within fifteen feet of any swimming pool. All
metal fences, enclosures, or railings that might become
electrically charged as a result of contact with broken
overhead conductors or from any other cause near, or
adjacent to, a swimming pool shall be grounded in
accordance with the provisions of lightning protection
in the electrical code of the city of New York.
(b) Every outdoor swimming pool, fish pond, or other
pool greater than eighteen inches deep at any point shall
be protected by an enclosure, barrier or other means
adequate to make such pool inaccessible to small children
which including gates thereto shall be at least four feet
high above the adjacent ground.
All gates shall be self-latching with latches located at
least four feet high above the ground or otherwise made
inaccessible to small children from the outside.
*27-493.1 Facilities for people having disabilities.
Facilities for people having physical disabilities shall
comply with the requirements of subarticle two of article
two of subchapter four and of subchapter sixteen.
*Local Law 58-1987.
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signs does not exceed nine feet and the lowest part of
such signs is at least ten feet above the ground or
sidewalk level. Marquee signs may extend the full
length of the marquee on all sides, but in no case shall
they project beyond the ends of the marquee.
(b)Materials. -All marquee signs shall be constructed
of noncombustible materials except as permitted in
sections 27-506 and 27-507 of this article.
(c) Supports. -Construction and anchorage of
marquee signs shall conform to the requirements for
projecting signs under subdivision (d) of section 27-502
of this article.
[C26-716.8] 27-505 Illuminated signs. General. -All ground signs, wall signs, roof signs,
projecting signs, and marquee signs may be lighted by
internal or external sources when complying with the
following requirements:
(1)ILLUMINATION. - No sign shall be
illuminated by other than electrical means. All wiring
and accessory electrical equipment shall conform to the
provisions of the electrical code of the city of New York.
(2) MATERIALS. -Every illuminated sign shall
be constructed of noncombustible materials except as
permitted in section 27-507 of this article.
(3)PERMISSIBLE PROJECTIONS.-Lighting reflectors
may project beyond the top or face of all signs,
provided that every part of such reflector is at least ten
feet above the ground or sidewalk level. In no case shall
such reflectors project beyond a vertical plane two feet
inside the curb line. Reflectors shall be constructed,
attached, and maintained so that they shall not be, or
become, a hazard to the public.
[C26-716.9] 27-506 Temporary signs. (a) Materials. -Temporary signs not more than five
hundred square feet in area may be constructed of
combustible materials. Temporary signs more than one
hundred square feet in area shall be made of rigid
materials with rigid frames. Temporary signs shall be
securely attached to their supports, and shall be removed as
soon as they are torn or damaged, but in no case later
than thirty days after their erection.
(b) Limitations. -Temporary signs of combustible
materials shall not extend more than one foot over, or into,
a street, except that when permitted by the department of
transportation, temporary banners or signs of combustible
materials may be suspended from buildings or poles to
extend across streets, and except that temporary signs of
combustible materials constructed without a frame may be
attached flat against, or suspended from the fascia of a
canopy or marquee, provided that the lowest part of any
such sign is at least nine feet above the ground or sidewalk level.
[C26-716.10] 27-507 Use of combustible materials. -
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17-A
YOUTH PROTECTION AGAINST TOBACCO
ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION ACT
27-508.1 Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as the
"Youth Protection Against Tobacco Advertising and
Promotion Act."
27-508.2 Definitions. For the purposes of this article, the following terms
shall be defined as follows:
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Injunctive relief. Whenever any person has engaged in any act or practice
which constitutes a violation of any provision of this
article or of chapter thirteen of title eleven of this code,
or of subchapter one of chapter two of title twenty of
this code, or of any rule promulgated thereunder, the
**27-508.7
Penalties. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 26-122, 26125 and 26-248 of this code, a violation of this article
shall not subject any person to liability for a criminal
offense.
**Local
Law 10 -1998.
ARTICLE 18 FENCES
[C26-717.1] 27-509 Permitted heights. In other than residence districts as established by the
zoning resolution, fences may be erected throughout the
city to a maximum height of ten feet. In residence districts,
no fences, whether of masonry, steel, wood, or any
other materials shall be erected to a height of more than
six feet above the ground, except that fences used in
conjunction with nonresidence buildings and public
playgrounds, excluding buildings accessory to dwellings,
may be erected to a height of fifteen feet. Higher fences
may be permitted by the commissioner where required
for the enclosure of public playgrounds, school yards,
parks, and similar public facilities.
ARTICLE 19 TENTS AND AIR-SUPPORTED
STRUCTURES
[C26-718.1] 27-510 Location and height. Tents or air-supported structures may be erected inside
or outside of the fire districts provided they are not
more than one story high above the ground, or above a
roof that meets the requirements of subchapter five of
this chapter for fire divisions.
[C26-718.2] 27-511 Separation. No tent or air-supported structure shall be erected closer
than twenty feet to any interior lot line nor closer than
thirty feet in any direction to an unprotected opening,
required exterior stairway or corridor, or required exit
door, on the same level or above the level of the tent or
air-supported structure. A tent or air-supported structure
may abut another building on the same lot if there are
no unprotected openings or exits above or within thirty
feet as above stipulated, if there is no door between them
that is a required exit, and if the exterior wall separating
them meets the requirements of subchapter five of this
chapter for fire divisions.
Exceptions. - Requirements for separation from other
buildings on the site shall be waived where a tent or airsupported structure is used for on-site temporary shelter for
construction work, or incidental fabrication of construction
elements to be used on the site of construction.
201
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[C26-718.3] 27-512 Fire protection. The ground enclosed by a tent or air-supported structure,
and the ground for a distance of at least ten feet outside
of same, shall be cleared and maintained clear of all
combustible material or vegetation. No open flame of
any kind shall be employed within the structure, or closer
than twenty feet to any part of the enclosure fabric. Fire
extinguishing facilities shall be provided in accordance
with the requirements of chapter four of this title.
[C26-718.4] 27-513 Exits. Notwithstanding any other requirements of subchapters six
202
Title 27 / Subchapter 7
(a) Vaults shall be constructed of incombustible acidresistant material with a fire resistance of at least one hour.
(b) Doors opening into such storage vaults shall be
self-closing, noncombustible fire doors with a fire-protection
rating of at least three-quarters of an hour.
(c) Vault floors shall be constructed of acid-resistant
brick, concrete treated with sodium silicate or other acidproof material and shall incorporate a dike constructed of
the same material, whose height shall be adequate to
contain the acid plus the neutralizing substance that would
be necessary to neutralize said acid plus six inches.
(d) The floor shall be provided with a valved drain,
which shall be connected to the drainage system in
accordance with the requirements of subchapter sixteen
of this chapter.
[C26-719.4] 27-521 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation systems for storage vaults shall
be adequate to effect ten complete air changes per hr.
Exhaust shall be taken from within twelve inches above
the level of the top of the dike. The exhaust system shall
be independent of exhaust systems serving other parts of
the building and the openings to the outdoors shall be
located in accordance with the provisions of subchapter
thirteen of this chapter for system conveying vapors.
ARTICLE 21 ATRIUMS
[C26-720.1] 27-521.1 Applicability. This article shall apply to the construction, alteration and
use of atriums.
[C26-720.2] 27-521.2 Classification.- An atrium shall
be classified in occupancy group F-3.
[C26-720.3] 27-521.3 Construction. (a) Atriums may be constructed only in buildings in
noncombustible construction groups 1-A, 1-B and 1-C.
(b) An atrium shall be fully enclosed except that
openings of any size into the two lowest levels of an
atrium shall be permitted if such openings are provided
with opening protectives having a fire-resistance rating
of at least one and one-half hours or are provided with
sprinklers no more than six feet apart.
(c) The minimum horizontal clear dimension of an
atrium shall be forty feet, provided, however that this
dimension can be reduced to twenty feet where sprinkler
spacing on the occupied side adjacent to glass panels
authorized by subdivision (d) of this section is no more
than four feet or the minimum atrium area is twelve
hundred square feet.
(d) Atrium enclosing walls shall be of at least two hour
fire-resistant construction or of glass that is wired,
laminated, or tempered and is provided with sprinklers on
the occupied side spaced no more than six feet apart, except
[C26-720.4] 27-521.4 Fire protection equipment. (a) Smoke detectors. - In all spaces opening onto an atrium,
a smoke detecting system shall be installed in accordance
with the requirements of reference standard RS 17-5E.
(b) Standpipes. - At least one standpipe outlet in
addition to a riser or risers within required stairways,
shall be installed in every atrium.
(c) Sprinklers. (1) Every story or mezzanine within an atrium that
overhangs another story or mezzanine within fifty feet
shall have the overhang sprinklered in accordance with
section 27-956 of article four of subchapter seventeen
of this chapter, except that atrium ceilings less than fifty
feet above the atrium floor but more than thirty feet
above the floor may alternatively be provided with
smoke detectors, which shall be of the central supervisory
type connected to an approved central station. Every
room or space opening onto the atrium shall be sprinklered,
no matter where located.
(2) Except as otherwise permitted by subdivision
(c) of section 27-521.3 of this article, at glass panels
permitted by subdivision (d) of such section, sprinklers
on the occupied side at all levels shall be spaced six feet
apart parallel to the glass and that distance away from
the glass panels so as to insure complete glass wetting
upon activation. No obstructions to such wetting
capability shall be permitted.
(3) Every sprinkler system for an atrium shall be
provided with sources of water supply in accordance
with article four of subchapter seventeen of this chapter.
[C26-720.5] 27-521.5 Means of egress. (a) No vertical exits shall discharge into an atrium at any level.
(b) Atrium corridors shall have a width equal to or
greater than one hundred fifty per cent of that required
by either table 6-1of subchapter six or table 8-1 of
subchapter eight, as applicable.
(c) An unenclosed path of travel to a required exit
shall be permitted, except that access to one of the
required vertical exits shall be only through an enclosed
passageway or corridor conforming to the requirements
for exits of subchapter six.
[C26-720.6] 27-521.6 Fire alarm and
communication system. An interior fire alarm and communication system shall
be installed in accordance with the requirements of
reference standard RS 17-3.
[C26-720.7] 27-521.7 Signs. Atriums shall be provided with all signs required by
articles seven and nine of subchapter six of this chapter,
regardless of the occupant load of the atrium.
[C26-720.8] 27-521.8 Smoke control. -
203
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[C26-721.4] 27-521.13 Fire protection equipment. (a) Smoke detectors. - Smoke detectors meeting the
specifications of section 27-981 of article six of
subchapter seventeen shall be located at the ceiling and
adjacent to each return air intake.
204
Title 27 / Subchapter 8
SUBCHAPTER 8
PLACES OF ASSEMBLY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
[800.0]
[800.1]
[800.2]
[800.3]
[801.0]
[801.1]
[801.2]
[801.3]
[801.4]
[801.5]
[801.6]
[801.7]
[801.8]
[801.9]
[801.10]
[801.11]
[801.12]
[801.13]
[801.14]
[801.15]
[801.16]
[801.17]
[801.18]
[801.19]
[801.20]
[802.0]
[802.1]
[802.2]
[802.3]
[803.0]
[803.1]
[804.0]
[804.1]
Art.
or Sec.**
Art. 1 General
522
Scope
523
Definitions
524
Tents and Air Supported
Structures
Art. 2 Basic Requirements
525
General
525.1 Place of Assembly Permit
526
Location
527
Posted Capacity
528
Approved Seating Plans
529
Enclosure and Interior
Finish
530
Means of Egress
531
Seating in Assembly
Spaces
532
Aisles and Cross Aisles
533
Travel Distance
534
Exit Openings
535
Safe Areas
536
Corridors
537
Exit Passageways
538
Vertical Exits
539
Open Exterior Spaces
540
Exit Lighting
541
Exit Signs
542
Emergency Lighting
543
Light Projection Sources
544
Motion Picture Screen
Art. 3 F-1 Places of Assembly
545
General
546
F-1a Places of Assembly
547
F-1b Places of Assembly
Art. 4 F-2 Places of Assembly
548
General
Art. 5 F-3 and F-4 Places of
Assembly
549
General
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
***[C26-800.1] 27-522 Scope. The provisions of this subchapter shall control the
design and construction of places of assembly as
defined in subchapter two of this chapter. For specific
classifications of assembly occupancies, see article
eight of subchapter three of this chapter. For place of
assembly permit requirements, see section 27-525.1 of
article two of this subchapter.
***Local Law 23-1990.
205
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Title 27 / Subchapter 8
206a
207
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206b
208
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207
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208
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Length
Measured distance
Measured distance
1.25 times measured
distance
1.40 times measured
distance
1.25 times length of segment
as computed above
[C26-801.10] 27-534 Exit openings. Exit openings from assembly spaces shall comply with
the following:
(a) Capacity. - The capacity of exit openings shall
be listed as in table 8-1, based on the number of
occupants for whom the opening satisfies the primary
travel distance requirement.
(b) Width. - Exit openings shall be at least thirty-six
inches wide for single doors and at least sixty-six inches
but not more than eighty-eight inches wide for doors
swinging in pairs, except that in assembly spaces having
an occupant load of over three hundred persons, single
door openings shall be at least forty-four inches wide.
209
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Doors or Openings
From
From
Assembly
Safe
Space
Area
50
100
80
125
400
500
80
125
50
100
Stairs and
Escalators
60
80
320
80
60
Notes:
a
See section 27-533. When an exit opening from an assembly space discharges into corridor that does not meet the requirements of this code for a safe area,
b
c
the travel distance shall include the distance within the corridor to an exit.
See paragraph four of subdivision (b) of section 27-546 for stages.
level is more than fifteen feet, but not more than thirty
feet, above or below the adjoining grade elevation, the
exit capacity shall be distributed as follows:
Class 1 - not less than sixty percent
Class 3 - not more than forty percent
3. For assembly spaces in which the mean floor
level is more than thirty feet above or below the
adjoining grade elevation, the exit capacity shall be
distributed as follows:
Class 1- not less than one hundred percent
(e) Location. - No exit opening shall be closer than
twelve feet to any part of a stage using scenery or
scenic elements. All exit openings shall be clearly
identifiable and shall not be disguised as part of a wall
or covered in any way to obscure them from view.
Where, because of the configuration of the assembly
space enclosure, an exit opening is not visible from all
seats using it as a means of egress, directional exit signs
shall be placed on the enclosure alongside the exit
opening to indicate its location. These signs shall be in
addition to those required over the exit opening.
(f) Locking. - No exit door shall be locked so as to
prevent egress from an assembly space while it is
occupied.
210
Title 27 / Subchapter 8
a.
No riser shall be less than six inches
nor more than seven and one-half inches high.
b. No riser shall vary in height from the riser
immediately above or below it.
211
Title 27 / Subchapter 8
[C26-801.15] 27-539 Open exterior spaces. (a) Capacity. - Open exterior spaces shall be
adequate in width and area to accommodate the
accumulated occupant load of all exits discharging
into them on the basis of two square feet per person.
(b) Minimum dimensions. - The minimum dimensions
of open exterior spaces shall be twenty feet, except
that when the principal entrance to the place of
assembly is from an open exterior space, the minimum
dimension of this space shall be thirty feet. No open
exterior space shall have less than four hundred square
feet of floor area, and floor area shall be measured
exclusive of the following:
1. The area immediately outside any exit door from
the place of assembly for a distance perpendicular to the
exit doors of ten feet for the full width of the exit
opening.
2. The area of steps, platforms, stairs, or ramps
within or leading to or from the space.
3. The area of obstructions such as shrubs, trees,
fixed furniture, signs, sculptures, pools, and similar
obstructions to occupancy or exit travel.
(c) Above or below grade. - When an open exterior
space is more than fifteen feet above or below the
grade of the street or public space to which it
discharges, its required area shall be increased by onethird.
(d) Egress from open exterior spaces. Exterior exit passageways, ramps, or steps leading
from open exterior spaces shall be not less in width
than required for the occupant load of all exits
discharging into the open exterior space. The width of
such exit passageways shall be based on the capacities
listed in table 8-1, but in no case less than ten feet.
Ramps and steps shall comply with the requirements
of paragraph (e) of subdivision five of section 27-535
of this article.
[C26-801.18] 27-542 Emergency lighting. All assembly spaces shall be provided with emergency
lighting facilities sufficient to provide at least five foot
candles of illumination at the floor level. Such lighting
shall be on circuits that are separate from the general
lighting and power circuits, either taken off ahead of
the main switch or connected to a separate emergency
lighting power source, and be arranged to operate
automatically in the event of failure of the normal lighting
system. The provisions of this section shall apply
retroactively to all existing places of assembly that are
or would be classified in occupancy groups F-3 and F-4
or are changed to such classification under this code, in
accordance with the following schedule and specifications:
1. Cabarets, dance halls, night clubs, and taverns
having an occupant load exceeding one hundred fifty
persons shall complete the installation required by this
section on or before April twelfth, nineteen hundred
seventy-nine.
2. Cabarets, dance halls, night clubs, and taverns
having an occupant load of one hundred fifty persons
or less shall complete such installation on or before
July twelfth, nineteen hundred seventy-nine.
3. Spaces occupied exclusively as restaurants
shall complete such installation on or before October
twelfth, nineteen hundred seventy-nine.
212
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213
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(2) STAGE FLOOR CONSTRUCTION. The floor construction of stages shall provide fireresistance ratings complying with the requirements of
section 27-240 of article two of subchapter three of
this chapter and table 3-4 except as follows:
a. Any portion of the stage floor used for
passing scenery and scenic elements to a lower level
may consist of heavy timber construction supporting
tight fitting traps of at least three inch nominal solid
wood or of equivalent materials in terms of fireresistance, strength, and stiffness properties.
b. Stage lifts shall comply with the provisions of
subchapter eighteen of this chapter. Any portion of the
stage floor that is equipped with stage lifts shall be of
noncombustible construction. Joints between lift
platforms and adjacent floors shall be tightly fitted.
c. Finish flooring shall comply with the
provisions of section 27-351 of article five of
subchapter five of this chapter.
(3) AREAS BELOW THE STAGE. When the stage floor is equipped with traps or stage
lifts, the room or space below the stage into which the
traps or lifts open shall be completely enclosed by
construction having at least the fire-resistance rating
required for the stage floor, and such room or space
shall not be used as a workshop or storage area.
Storage shall not be deemed to include the location in
this area of scenery or scenic elements used during a
performance. However, no combustible material that has
a flamespread rating greater than twenty-five or that has
not been rendered flameproof in accordance with
chapter four of this title may be stored in this location
at any time. Under-stage areas shall comply with the
requirements of paragraph eleven of this subdivision.
(4) EXITS FROM THE STAGE. At least two exits, remote from each other, shall be
available from every point on a stage, each within a
travel distance limitation of one hundred twenty-five
feet. The occupant load of the stage shall be based
upon one person per fifteen square feet for the
performing area and on one person per fifty square
feet for the remaining area. When any portion of a
stage is used for audience seating at any time, exits of
adequate capacity shall be provided for that portion,
within the travel distance limitations for assembly
space seating. Exit openings serving a stage directly
shall have a capacity of seventy-five persons per unit
of exit width.
(5) SCENERY AND SCENIC ELEMENTS. - All
scenery or scenic elements shall be of noncombustible
materials, or of materials having a flame-spread rating
not exceeding twenty-five, or of materials that have
been rendered flameproof in compliance with the provisions
of chapter four of this title. Scenery and scenic elements
not complying with the above requirements may be used
only when expressly permitted by the fire department.
214
Title 27 / Subchapter 8
215
Title 27 / Subchapter 8
216
Title 27 / Subchapter 8
(3) EXITS FROM THE STAGE. At least two exits, remote from each other, shall be
available from every point on a stage, each within a
travel distance limitation of three hundred feet. The
occupant load of the stage shall be based upon one
person per fifty square feet of area. When any portion
of a stage is used for audience seating at any time, exits
of adequate capacity shall be provided for that portion,
within the travel distance limitations for assembly space
seating. Exit openings serving a stage directly shall
have a capacity of four hundred persons per unit of exit
width.
(4) EMERGENCY CONTROL PANEL. In F-2 places of assembly having an occupant load
over one thousand persons, an emergency control
panel shall be provided as follows:
a. It shall be located so as to have a view of the
audience and stage areas, and shall be readily
accessible at all times during the presentation of a
performance to an audience, to a competent person
instructed in its use.
b. It shall be equipped with tell-tale lights to
indicate when feeders and subfeeders of emergency light
and power circuits are in operation in assembly spaces
and all exits.
c. It shall be equipped with a public address
system serving loudspeakers in the assembly space.
The public address system shall be connected to both
the normal and emergency light and power circuits.
(d) Drive-in-theaters-
217
Title 27 / Subchapter 8
218
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
SUBCHAPTER 9
LOADS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
[900.0]
[900.1]
[900.2]
[900.3]
[901.0]
[901.1]
[901.2]
[901.3]
[902.0]
[902.1]
[902.2]
[902.3]
[902.4]
[902.5]
[902.6]
[902.7]
[902.8]
[902.9]
[903.0]
[903.1]
[903.2]
[903.3]
[903.4]
[904.0]
[904.0]
[905.0]
[905.1]
[905.2]
[905.3]
[905.4]
[905.5]
[905.6]
[905.7]
[905.8]
[906.0]
[906.1]
[906.2]
Art.
or Sec.**
Art. 1
550
551
552
Art. 2
553
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Dead Loads
Construction Materials and
Assembled Elements of
Construction
554
Service Equipment
555
Partition Loads
Art. 3 Live Loads
556
General
557
Floor Live Loads
558
Live Loads for Sidewalks,
Driveways, and Railings
559
Columns in Parking Areas
560
Stage Areas Using Scenery
or Scenic Elements
561
Roof Loads
562
Moving Loads
563
Partial Loading Conditions
564
Floor Loads to be Posted
Art. 4 Live Load Reduction
565
Roof Loads
566
Floor Live Loads
567
Contributory Floor Areas
568
Foundations and Column
Supports
Art. 5 Wind Loads and Earthquake Loads
569
Wind Loads and Earthquake
Loads
Art. 6 Other Loads
570
Earth Pressures and
Foundation Loads
571
Bins and Bunkers
572
Prestressing Forces
573
Construction Loads
574
Fluid Pressures
575
Ice
576
Thermal Forces
577
Shrinkage
Art. 7 Distribution of Loads
578
Distribution of Vertical Loads
579
Distribution of Horizontal Loads
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
9-1 Percentage of Live Load
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-900.1] 27-550 Scope. Buildings and parts thereof, shall be capable of resisting
all levels*** actually imposed thereon without exceeding
the allowable stresses prescribed in subchapters ten and
eleven of this chapter. In no cases shall the assumed
loads be less than the minimum values described
herein. In addition, within special flood hazard areas,
and below the regulatory flood datum, as described in
article ten of subchapter four of this chapter, applicable
load requirements of reference standard RS 4-5 shall be applied.
*** As enacted but loads probably intended.
219
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
220
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
221
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
222
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
[C26-902.9] 27-564 Floor loads to be posted. (a) Posting required. Posting requirements shall conform to the requirements
of section 27-225 of article twenty-three of subchapter
one of this chapter.
(b) Data required. - The following floor load data
shall be shown:
(1) The uniformly distributed design live load for
each floor or part thereof.
(2) The weight of any piece of machinery or
equipment weighing more than one thousand pounds,
and its identifying description and location.
(3) The maximum design wheel load and total
maximum weight of any vehicle that may be brought into
the building.
[C26-903.3] 27-567 Contributory floor areas. For purposes of computing live load reduction, contributory
floor areas shall be determined as follows:
(a) For the design of one-way and two-way slabs:
the product of the shorter span length and a width equal
to one-half the shorter span length. Ribbed slabs shall
be considered as though the slabs were solid.
(b) For the design of slabs in flat plate or flat slab
construction: one-half the area of the panel.
(c) For the design of columns and girders or trusses
framing into columns: the loaded area directly supported by
the column, girder, or truss. For columns supporting more
than one floor, the loaded area shall be the cumulative total
area of all of the floors that are supported.
(d) For the design of joists and similar multiple members
framing into girders or trusses, or minor framing around
openings: twice the loaded area directly supported but
not more than the area of the panel in which the
framing occurs.
[C26-903.4] 27-568 Foundations and column supports.-
223
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
[C26-905.1] 27-570 Earth pressures and foundation loads. The provisions of article three of subchapter eleven of
[C26-905.2] 27-571 Bins and bunkersLoads on component parts of bins and bunkers may be
reduced for friction on sidewalls, provided that sidewalls
and supports are proportioned for the increased vertical
loads. Where stresses would be increased in any component
by arching of the fill, the effect of such arching shall be
considered.
[C26-905.3] 27-572 Prestressing forces. Prestressing forces shall be considered in the design of
prestressed concrete structures, cable structures, guyed
structures, and multiple intersecting truss webs utilizing
tension members.
[C26-905.4] 27-573 Construction loads. The provisions of subchapter nineteen of this chapter
shall apply.
[C26-905.5] 27-574 Fluid pressures. The design of building components shall consider pressures,
both positive and negative, of confined fluids and gases.
[C26-905.6] 27-575 Ice. The weight of a one-half inch radial thickness of ice on
all surfaces shall be considered as part of the live load
in the design of open framed or guyed towers.
[C26-905.7] 27-576 Thermal forces. The design of enclosed buildings more than two hundred
fifty feet in plan dimension shall provide for the forces
and/or movements resulting from an assumed expansion
corresponding to a change in temperature of forty
degrees F. For exterior exposed frames, arches, or shells
regardless of plan dimensions, the design shall provide
for the forces and/or movements resulting from an
assumed expansion and contraction corresponding to an
increase or decrease in temperature of forty degrees F for
concrete or masonry construction and sixty degrees F for
metal construction. For determining required anchorage for
piping, the forces shall be determined on the basis of
temperature variations for the specific service conditions.
Friction forces in expansion bearings shall be considered.
[C26-905.8] 27-577 Shrinkage. The design of reinforced concrete components shall
provide for the forces and/or movements resulting from
shrinkage of the concrete in the amount of 0.0002 times
the length between contraction joints for standard
weight concrete, and 0.0003 times the length between
contraction joints for lightweight concrete. The design of
arches and similar structures shall provide for effects of
shrinkage, plus rib-shortening, plus plastic flow.
224
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
225
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
226
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
611.1
SUBCHAPTER 10
STRUCTURAL WORK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
[1004.10]
[1004.11]
Art.
or Sec**
[1000.0]
Art. 1
[1000.1]
[1000.2]
[1000.3]
[1000.4]
[1000.5]
[1000.6]
[1000.7]
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
[1000.8]
587
[1000.9]
588
[1000.10]
[1000.11]
[1001.0]
589
590
Art. 2
[1001.1]
[1001.2]
[1001.3]
[1001.4]
[1001.5]
[1002.0]
591
592
593
594
595
Art. 3
[1002.1]
[1002.2]
[1002.3]
596
597
598
[1002.4]
[1003.0]
[1003.1]
[1003.2]
[1003.3]
[1004.0]
[1004.1]
[1004.2]
599
Art. 4
600
601
602
Art. 5
603
604
[1004.3]
[1004.4]
[1004.5]
[1004.6]
[1004.7]
605
606
607
608
609
[1004.8]
610
[1004.9]
611
612
613
613.1
613.2
[1005.0]
[1005.1]
[1005.2]
[1005.3]
[1006.0]
[1006.1]
[1006.2]
[1006.3]
[1006.4]
[1006.5]
Art. 6
614
615
616
Art. 7
617
618
619
620
621
[1006.6]
622
[1006.7]
623
[1006.8]
[1007.0]
[1007.1]
[1007.2]
[1007.3]
[1007.4]
[1008.0]
[1008.1]
[1008.2]
624
Art. 8
625
626
627
628
Art. 9
629
630
[1008.3]
[1009.0]
631
Art. 10
[1009.1]
[1009.2]
[1009.3]
[1010.0]
[1010.1]
[1010.2]
[1010.3]
632
633
634
Art. 11
635
636
637
[1010.4]
638
[1010.5]
[1010.6]
639
640
[1010.7]
[1010.8]
[1011.0]
[1011.1]
[1011.2]
[1011.3]
[1011.4]
[1011.5]
641
642
Art. 12
643
644
643
646
647
Conveying Concrete by
Pumping Methods
Formwork
Concrete Utilizing Preplaced
Aggregate
Precast and Prestressed Concrete
Thin-Section Precast
Concrete Construction
Steel
General Requirements
Identification
Quality Control
Wood
General Requirements
Identification
Use of Non-Stress Grade Wood
Quality Control
General Construction
Requirements
Empirical Provisions in Lieu
of Design
Heavy Timber Construction
(Construction Class II-A)
Construction Methods
Aluminum
General Requirements
Identification
Quality Control
Erection
Reinforced Gypsum Concrete
General Requirements
Identification of Metal
Reinforcement
Limitations of Use
Thin Shell and Folded-Plate
Construction
General Requirements
Analysis
Thin Concrete Shells
Suspended Structures
General Requirements
Suspenders
Tests of Materials for Bridge
Wire Suspenders
Tests of Materials for Other
Types of Suspenders
Design
Fittings for Wire Cable
Suspenders
Construction
Protection of Suspenders
Glass Panels
Scope
Support for Glass Panels
Glass Requirements
Thickness of Glass
Special Glasses
227
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
[1011.6]
[1011.7]
[1011.8]
[1011.9]
648
649
650
651
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
Steel
None
Concrete
Aluminum
None
Wood
None
Reinforced gypsum
concrete
None
Masonry
None
Other
All structural materials and assemblies subject to controlled inspection shall be tested and/or inspected at their place of manufacture and
evidence of compliance with the provisions of this subchapter shall be provided as stipulated in articles four through twelve.
Mill, manufacturer's and supplier's inspection and test reports will be accepted as evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code for all
structural materials and assemblies not subject to controlled inspection.
Basic allowable stress values as referenced herein shall denote allowable stress value without increase for infrequent stress conditions as
established in this code or in the applicable reference standard for the material or element in its proposed use.
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
[C26-1001.5] 27-595 Deflection limitations. The applicable provisions of the several reference
standards cited in this subchapter shall apply. In addition,
the total of the dead plus live load vertical deflections
(including effects of creep and shrinkage) of members,
supporting walls, veneered walls, or partitions constructed of
or containing panels of masonry, glass, or other frangible
materials shall not exceed 1/360 of the span.
ARTICLE 3 ADEQUACY OF THE
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
[C26-1002.1] 27-596 General. - The structural design
of a member or assembly shall be deemed to be adequate if
the design computations demonstrate conformance with the
applicable standards noted in articles four through twelve of
this subchapter. Where, because of practical difficulties,
such computations cannot be executed, the structural design
may be deemed adequate if the member or assembly is
subjected to, and satisfactorily performs under, load tests in
accordance with the provisions of subdivision (a) of section
27-599 of this article. Where there is a question as to the
adequacy of a completed or partly completed construction,
the provisions of section 27-597, 27-598 and subdivision
(b) of section 27-599 of this article shall apply.
[C26-1002.2] 27-597 Questionable construction. If, upon inspection, it is found that a construction or any
part thereof, as built, shows open cracks, spallings, or
other signs of distress; or should inspection records
show more** significant deficiency of construction; or
should laboratory tests on concrete or other materials
that have been incorporated into the work indicate
deficiency of strength; or should there be a reasonable
doubt as to the strength, stability, or adequacy of the
construction or any part thereof, such construction may
be checked to verify the adequacy thereof either by
computation, or by core or load tests conducted in
accordance with the provisions of section 27-598 or
subdivision (b) of section 27-599 of this article or by
any combination of these means. Should the adequacy
of construction not be verified within a reasonable time,
such construction shall be rejected and shall be
demolished or reinforced or rebuilt to be made safe in
conformance with the requirements of this code. In the
event of a disagreement, the final decision as to the
acceptance of the work shall be made by the commissioner.
All such tests shall be made without expense to the city.
**As enacted but some probably intended.
230
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
Steel
Concrete
Aluminum
Wood
Reinforced
Gypsum
Concrete
None
**UnReinforced
Masonry
Piling
Other
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
[C26-1002.3] 27-598 Core tests of concrete construction.The adequacy of the concrete in a building may be
ascertained by the recovery and testing of cores. Cores shall
be taken and tested in accordance with the procedure
described in reference standard RS 10-16. In lieu thereof,
cores cast-in-place and originally cured with the parent
concrete, or other device acceptable to the architect or
engineer designated for controlled inspection and which will
produce test specimens simulating the condition of the
concrete in place including the size and proportions specified
for core specimens may be utilized to demonstrate the
adequacy of the concrete in place. The compressive strength
so determined shall meet the requirements for strength tests
as described in reference standard RS 10-3.
[C26-1002.4] 27-599 Load tests. (a) Prequalifying load tests.- The provisions of this
section shall apply only to load tests made for the purpose
of establishing the structural adequacy of members or
assemblies before such members or assemblies are
incorporated into the work. Load tests for the purpose of
establishing the strength of an element or assembly, in
place, after construction, shall conform to the requirements
of subdivision (b) of this section.
(1) TEST SPECIMENS. -The test specimens shall be a true
representation of the units or assemblies to be used in the
work and, unless sufficient tests are conducted on differing
specimens to interpolate the performance of members of
varying characteristics, test specimens shall be substantially
identical with the units or assemblies to be used in service.
Particular attention shall be given to matching the type and
grade of material and, in the case of concrete, the mix, age,
curing, and other pertinent variables.
(2) SUPPORT CONDITIONS AND INTERACTION.Load tests shall be performed in such a manner that the
supports for the members or assemblies being tested will
simulate the conditions of support in the building, except
that conditions of partial fixity may be approximated by
condition of full or zero restraint, whichever produces a
more severe stress condition in the member being tested.
The test conditions shall be such as to obviate all
interaction of fills, finishes, partitions, supports, or
members whose interaction normally would be neglected
in design. Where continuous, multiple, intersecting, or
connected members are used in the test, all interacting
members shall be simultaneously and fully loaded and
additional tests shall be performed under the partial
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
ARTICLE 4 MASONRY
[C26-1003.1] 27-600 General requirements. (a) Unreinforced masonry. - Materials, design, and
construction of unreinforced masonry shall meet the
requirements of reference standard RS 10-1.
(b) Reinforced masonry. - Materials, design, and
construction of reinforced masonry shall meet the
requirements of reference standard RS 10-2.
[C26-1003.2] 27-601 Identification. (a) Masonry units. -Masonry units shall be clearly
identified to show the grade of the unit and the
compressive strength where called for on the plans.
(b) Metal reinforcement.- Reinforcing bars shall be
rolled so as to identify the grade of steel and the size.
Bundles and rolls of cold-drawn steel wire or welded
wire fabric shall be tagged so as to identify the type and
grade of steel and the size.
[C26-1003.3] 27-602 Inspection. -The inspection of
masonry and masonry construction shall conform to the
requirements of tables 10-1 and 10-2.
ARTICLE 5 CONCRETE
*[C26-1004.1] 27-603 General requirements. Concrete materials, design, construction, quality, inspection
and testing shall meet the requirements of reference
standard RS 10-3. Precast concrete construction utilizing
a thin skin or slab stiffened or supported by a system of
ribs shall conform to the requirements of reference
standard RS 10-4.
*Local Law 65-1990.
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
(a) Method I. -Mixes with Minimum Cement Content. (1) MINIMUM CEMENT CONTENT. -The cement content
used in the work shall not be less than the content given in
table 10-3 for the corresponding strength of concrete.
(2) WATER-CEMENT OR STRENGTH-CEMENT RATIO.Normal weight concrete proportioned on the basis of
preliminary tests shall be produced by using a watercement ratio corresponding to a point on a strengthcement or water-cement ratio curve. Proportioning of
lightweight and heavyweight concrete, and concrete
using an aggregate other than natural sand, gravel or
stone shall be by using a strength-cement content curve.
The point on the respective curves shall represent a
strength of concrete at the slump and age called for on
the plans at least twenty-five percent higher than the
specified strength, f'c. The cement content shall not be
less than the content shown in table 10-3.
(3) PRELIMINARY TESTS. -Preliminary tests of concrete
shall be made in advance of any concreting operation by a
licensed concrete testing laboratory acceptable to the architect
or engineer of record. Preliminary tests shall consist of
compression strength tests of molded concrete cylinders
made in accordance with reference standards RS 10-17
and RS 10-21. A curve representing the relation between
the average strength of the concrete at twenty-eight days, or
at any other specified age filed with the department, and the
strength-cement ratio or the water-cement ratio shall be
established for the range of strength values at the slump
required for the work. The tests shall include at least four
mixes with different strength-cement ratios or four mixes
with different water-cement ratios and at least four cylinder
specimens for each mix. The cylinder strength tests shall be
supplemented by tests to confirm that the cement and
aggregates conform to the provisions of reference standard
RS 10-3.
(4) PREVIOUSLY ACCEPTED MIXES. -In lieu of the
requirements of paragraph three of this subdivision, the
architect or engineer designated for controlled inspection
may permit the use of mix proportions of aggregates having
the same specific gravity, size and gradation; cements of the
same type and batch weight; admixtures of the same type
and quantity; and other ingredients the same as or equal to
those that have been previously submitted with applicable
preliminary tests which complied with paragraphs one and
two of this subdivision, and which have been accepted by
the commissioner within the past year. If any of the mix
proportions or ingredients are changed, a separate submission
for acceptance shall be required.
(5) QUALITY CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF
MATERIALS AND OF BATCHING. -Where concrete
materials are used for structural elements defined in
section 27-585 of article one of this subchapter, quality
control and inspection shall be provided at the batch
plant by a licensed concrete testing laboratory under the
revision: July 1, 2008
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
(c) Method III. -Average concrete. (1) in lieu of making preliminary tests, average concrete
limited to the concrete strengths shown in table 10-3A
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
*[C26-1004.7] 27-609 Licensed concrete testing laboratories.All strength tests of concrete and testing of concrete
materials required by the provisions of this section shall
be performed by concrete testing laboratories licensed
in accordance with the requirements of article nine of
subchapter two of chapter one of title twenty-six of the
administrative code and rules promulgated by the
commissioner. The licensed concrete testing laboratory
shall, among other things, analyze, evaluate and test
concrete materials; determine whether the materials
comply with specifications and pertinent referenced
national standards in reference standard RS 10-3; select
mix proportions for preliminary tests; recommend the
mix proportions to be used on the project for which the
tests were made; analyze data from previous projects
and compute the standard deviation; and recommend
the mix proportions to be used based on such field
experience data. At the batch plant or at the job site, the
licensed concrete testing laboratory shall, among other
things, sample concrete and test for slump, entrained air
content, unit weight and temperature, mold compression
test specimens; store and cure such specimens on the
job site; remove, transport and deliver such specimens
to the laboratory; demold, store, cure, cap and test such
specimens at the laboratory and furnish written reports
of the results of all tests of the materials and concrete to
the architect or engineer designated for controlled
inspection and to the concrete producer. When tests of
the hardened concrete are required, they shall be made
by the licensed concrete testing laboratory in accordance
with reference standard RS 10-3 and the national
revision: July 1, 2008
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
*27-613.2 Thin-section precast concrete construction.The provisions of reference standard RS 10-4 shall apply.
*Local Law 65-1990.
ARTICLE 6 STEEL
[C26-1005.1] 27-614 General requirements. Materials, design, and construction methods shall meet
the requirements of the following reference standards:
(a) Structural steel. -Reference standard RS 10-5.
(b) Light ***gauge cold formed steel. - Reference
standard RS 10-6.
**(c) Open web steel joists.- Reference standard RS 10-7.
The commissioner shall amend RS 10-7 to establish
minimum acceptable fireproofing methods for open
web steel joists and to redefine the limitations or restrictions
on the buildings or occupancies in which the use of open
web steel joists shall be permitted.
**Local Law 26-2004.
*** As enacted but gage probably intended.
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
ARTICLE 7 WOOD
[C26-1006.5] 27-621 General construction requirements.The provisions of this section shall be considered as
supplemental to the provisions of the applicable reference
standards.
(a) Firecutting. -The ends of wood beams, joists, and
rafters resting on masonry or concrete walls shall be
firecut to a bevel of three inches in their depth.
(b) Protection of members. (1) Positive drainage shall be provided for all areas
under the building not occupied by basements or cellars.
(2) All loose wood and debris and all wood forms shall
be removed from spaces under the building. All stumps
and roots shall be grubbed to a minimum depth of
twelve inches.
(3) Wood members embedded in the ground and used
for the support of buildings shall be treated.
(4) Wood joists or wood structural floors closer than
eighteen inches, wood girders closer than twelve inches,
or sills closer than eight inches to an exposed ground
surface within or without the building shall be treated or
shall be of an equivalent resistant species.
(5) Sleepers, sills, columns, and posts supported on
concrete or masonry piers shall be treated or shall be of
an equivalent resistant species unless isolated from the
ground as specified in paragraph four of this
subdivision or by a concrete slab. Where the isolation
consists of a concrete slab-on-grade, the sleepers, sills,
columns, or posts shall be raised at least three inches
above the top of such slab.
(6) Ends of wood girders entering masonry or concrete
walls shall be provided with a minimum one-half inch
air space on top, sides, and at the end, unless the girder
is treated or is of an equivalent resistant species.
(7) Wood or plywood used as siding or a combination
of siding and sheathing shall be isolated from exposed
ground by at least six inches.
(8) Crawl spaces shall be ventilated as required in
subchapter twelve of this chapter.
(9) Where treated timber is required, the preservative
treatment shall comply with reference standards RS 1020 and RS 10-22. Treatment of wood poles shall comply
with reference standard RS 10-28. All treated wood
shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of
reference standard RS 10-29.
[C26-1006.1] 27-617 General Requirements. Materials (other than non-stress grade lumber), design,
and construction methods shall meet the requirements of
the following reference standards:
(a) Lumber and timber. -Reference standard RS 10-8.
(b) Plywood. -Reference standard RS 10-9.
(c) Structural glued-laminated lumber. -Reference
standard RS 10-18.
[C26-1006.2] 27-618 Identification.Except as provided for in subdivisions (a) and (c) of this
section, all wood used for structural elements shall be
identified as to grade and shall bear an identifying mark of
an approved bureau or agency performing the grading, or
the official grade mark and trade mark of the bureau or
association under whose rules the wood was graded, in
accordance with the following:
(a) Lumber and timber. -All lumber and timber,
including non-stress grade lumber, shall be identified
by the grade mark of a lumber grading or inspection
bureau or agency approved by the commissioner,
except that pre-cut material and rough-sawn lumber
may be covered by a certificate of inspection issued by
a lumber grading or inspection agency approved by the
commissioner in lieu of grade marking.
(b) Plywood. -Plywood used structurally shall bear
identification as to grade, type, and species group, or
identification index. Such identification shall be affixed
by and identified by the trademarks of a testing and
grading agency approved by the commissioner.
(c) Glued-laminated.- Glued-laminated structural members
shall bear identification and/or shall be accompanied by
certification in accordance with the provisions of
reference standard RS 10-18.
(d) Resawn lumber. -Resawn (or reused) lumber shall
be marked in accordance with its regraded status.
[C26-1006.3] 27-619 Use of non-stress grade wood.The use of non-stress grade wood in structural elements
shall be limited to the following conditions:
(a) Studs, joists, and rafters proportioned on the basis of
the empirical provisions of section 27-622 of this article.
(b) The architect or engineer responsible for the design
may assign an allowable stress value for the proposed
material based on the provisions of reference standard
RS 10-8 relating to "other species and grade." Under
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
bridging is not required for floor or roof framing in oneand two-family dwellings where joist depth does not
exceed twelve inches. Bridging shall bear securely
against and be anchored to the members to be braced.
(3) NOTCHES. -Notches in the ends of joists and
rafters shall not exceed one-fourth the depth unless
adequate reinforcement is provided or analysis of
stresses indicates that larger openings are feasible
without the necessity for reinforcement. Notches in
joists or rafters, located in the span shall not exceed
one-sixth the depth and shall not be located in the
middle third of the span. Bored holes shall not be within
two inches of the top or bottom of the joists or rafter
and the diameter of any such hole shall not exceed onethird the depth. For stair stringers, the minimum
effective depth of the wood at any notch shall be three
and one-half inches unless the stringer is continuously
supported on a wall or partition.
(4) SUPPORT. a. Floor or roof framing may be supported on stud partitions.
b. Tail beams over twelve feet long and all header and
trimmer beams over six feet long shall be hung in metal
stirrups having anchors, or by other methods providing
adequate support. Trimmers and headers shall be
doubled where the header is four feet or more in length.
c. Except where supported on a one inch by four inch ribbon
strip and nailed to the adjoining stud, the ends of floor joists
shall have at least one and one-half inches of bearing on
wood or metal, nor less than four inches on masonry.
d. Joists framing from opposite sides of and supported
on a beam, girder, or partition shall be lapped at least
four inches and fastened, butted end-to-end and tied by
metal straps or dogs, or otherwise tied together in a
manner providing adequate support.
e. Joists framing into the side of a wood girder shall be
supported by framing anchors, on ledger strips at least
two inches by two inches, or by equivalent methods.
f. Wood joists and rafters bearing on masonry walls
shall be anchored to such walls in accordance with the
applicable provisions of reference standard RS 10-1.
(5) RAFTERS AND CEILING JOISTS. a. Where rafters meet to form a ridge, they shall be
placed directly opposite each other and nailed to a ridge
board at least one inch thick, and not less than the cut
end of the rafters in depth.
b. Provisions shall be made to resist the thrust from
inclined rafters by connection of collar beams at least
one inch by six inches, by connection to joists, or by
equivalent means.
c. Where ceiling joists are not parallel to rafters,
subflooring or metal straps attached to the ends of the
rafters shall be installed in a manner to provide a
continuous tie across the building.
241
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
Nail Type
Common-toe-nail
Common-end-nail
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-toe-nail
Common-toe-nail
Common-toe-nail
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-toe-nail
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-toe-nail
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct or toe
Common-direct
Common-end
Common-end
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Common-direct
Corrosion -direct
Corrosion-resistive
Common-resistive
1 1/2 in. galvanized roofing nail
6d common nail
16 ga. galvanized staples, 1 1/8
in. long, 7/16 in. crown
1 3/4 in. galvanized roofing nail
8d common nail
16 ga. galvanized staples, 1 1/2
in. long, 7/16 [in.]*crown
1 1/2 in. galvanized roofing nail
11 ga. 3/8 in. to 7/16 in. head
16 ga. galvanized staples, 1 1/2
in. long, 7/16 [in.]*crown
242
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
12/12
16
24
3
3
3
3
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
[C26-1010.2] 27-636 Suspenders. (a) Bridge Wire Cable. -Bridge wire cables used for
suspenders shall be either bridge strand or bridge rope
fabricated from galvanized bridge wire.
(1) WIRE. -Wire shall be produced from rods rolled
from high carbon steel, the composition of which shall
be controlled to provide internal soundness, uniformity
of chemical composition and physical properties,
freedom from injurious surface imperfections, and shall
meet the following requirements.
a. The minimum ultimate tensile strength of zinccoated wire shall be as follows:
Class A coating ...two hundred twenty thousand psi
Class B coating .....two hundred ten thousand psi
Class C coating ...two hundred thousand psi
b. Yield strength shall be one hundred fifty thousand
psi minimum for zinc-coated wire with class A or Class
B coating, one hundred forty thousand psi minimum for
zinc-coated wire with class C coating, based on the
cross-sectional area of the coated wire when loaded to
0.7% elongation in a ten inch gage length. In determining
the yield strength, an initial stress equivalent to fortytwo thousand psi, based on cross-sectional area of the
coated wire, shall be applied to the wire sample. At this
loading, the entensometer shall be attached and an
initial dial reading set at the equivalent of 0.15%
elongation.
c. Elongation shall be four percent minimum in a ten
inch gage length, determined as the permanent increase
in length after failure of a marked section of the wire
originally ten inches [sic] in length except that a value
of two percent will be permitted for wires 0.110 in. or
less in diameter having a class A zinc coating.
d. The zinc-coated wire must withstand wrapping at a
rate not exceeding fifteen turns per minute twice around
a mandrel equal to three times the wire diameter without
fracture of the steel.
e. The wire used in bridge strand or bridge rope shall
be zinc-coated (galvanized) in accordance with the
requirements of table 10-5. Weight of coating shall be
determined in accordance with the provisions of
reference standard RS 10-24.
Minimum Weight of Coating (Ounces per Sq. Ft. of Uncoated Wire Surface)
Class A
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.85
0.90
1.00
Class B
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.70
1.80
2.00
Class C
1.20
1.50
1.80
2.10
2.40
2.55
2.70
3.00
244
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
[C26-1010.6] 27-640 Fittings for wire cable suspenders.Fittings for wire cable suspenders shall be capable of
developing the specified minimum ultimate strength of
the attached cable or strand without developing stresses
in the fitting equal to, or in excess of, the yield strength
of the material in the fitting. One end fitting, of each
type and size to be used, shall be tested to insure the
adequacy of the fitting to develop the ultimate strength
of the cable or strand to which it is to be attached.
[C26-1010.7] 27-641 Construction. (a) General. -The general provisions of reference standard
RS 10-5 relating to erection of steel shall apply.
(b) Fitting for wire cable suspenders. (1) Only fittings designed for use with the specific wire
cable shall be used.
(2) All fittings shall be galvanized in accordance with
reference standard RS 10-23.
(3) Zinc used for attaching all speltered fittings shall be
at least equal to the grade designated as" high grade" in
reference standard RS 10-26.
[C26-1010.8] 27-642 Protection of suspenders. (a) Protected locations. -All wires in bridge strands,
bridge ropes, or other wire rope or strand suspenders
placed on the interior of structures or concealed from
exposure by interior finish shall have at least a class A
coating of zinc. Rods, bars, plates, or shapes used for
suspenders shall be given a protective coating as
specified for the protection of like material in the
applicable reference standard.
(b) Exposed locations. -The outside wires of bridge
strand or bridge rope suspenders placed in locations
exposed to the weather shall have at least a class B
coating of zinc and the inside wires shall have at least a
class A coating. Rods, bars, plates, or shapes used for
suspenders shall be given a protective coating as
specified for the protection of like material in the
applicable reference standard.
ARTICLE 12 GLASS PANELS
[C26-1011.1] 27-643 Scope.- The provisions of sections
27-644 through 27-648 of this article shall apply to the
use of glass in the exterior wall of a building and shall
be limited to exterior application wherein the glass
would not be subjected to any loads normal to the face
of glass other than those due to wind. For applications
involving human impact, the provisions of section 27651 of this article shall apply. For other cases, the
strength and mode of installation of glass shall conform
to accepted industry standards.
[C26-1011.2] 27-644 Support for glass panels. Glass shall be firmly held in place. The supports shall be
of adequate strength to resist the applicable design wind
loads as prescribed in subchapter nine of this chapter.
[C26-1011.3] 27-645 Glass requirements.- Glass shall
meet the requirements of reference standard RS 10-68 for
the applicable type, size, thickness and quality.
[C26-1011.4] 27-646 Thickness of glass.
Thicknesses of glass panels shall be chosen either on the
basis of statistical probability of breakage (subdivision
(a) of this section) or on the basis of table 10-7, at the
designer's option.
(a) Statistical probability. -Thickness of glass panels
shall be chosen so that the statistical probability of
breakage when the glass is initially subjected to the
design wind load specified in table RS 9-5-1 does not
exceed the values indicated in table 10-6. Probability or
load factors used for design shall be derived by test.
The sufficiency and validity of such test data shall be
subject to approval by the commissioner.
(b) Alternate requirements.- Alternative to the requirements
of paragraph (a) above, the thickness of glass panels
may be chosen from table 10-7. For glass with assured
minimum thickness greater than required by reference
standard RS 10-68, the maximum areas in table 10-7
may be increased in proportion to the assured minimum
thickness.
[C26-1011.5] 27-647 Special glasses.- For types of
glass other than single annealed sheet and plate glass,
allowable maximum areas may be determined by
multiplying values in table 10-7 by the appropriate
multiplying factor listed in table 10-8.
[C26-1011.6] 27-648 Installation of glass panels. Glass panels shall be handled and installed so that their
strength is not impaired by chipping or scratching, shall
be fully and firmly embedded [sic] in their supports, and
shall be mounted in a manner that will accommodate
differential movements due to thermal and loading
conditions.
[C26-1011.7] 27-649 Protection of glass panels. Glass panels installed in areas where they will be subject
to unusual conditions of construction damage, such as
spatter from welds or locations near materials hoists, shall
be protected by a hardboard covering or its equivalent
during the period that such work is in progress.
[C26-1011.8] 27-650 Deflection of support.The deflection of members supporting glass panels
under the design wind load (measured perpendicular to
the plane of the panel) shall not exceed L/175, where L
is the span of the supporting member. In no case shall
such deflection exceed three-quarters of an inch.
246
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
0-60
1.0%
1.0%
120+
1.0%
0.2%
0-50
50-300
300-600
600+
9
13
25
32
9
13
25
32
8
11
21
27
7
10
19
24
25
37
54
78
114
152
210
241
312
25
37
54
74
100
120
137
158
204
21
32
46
63
86
103
118
135
175
19
28
40
58
75
90
103
118
153
247
Title 27 / Subchapter 10
Laminated
Fully-tempered
Wired
Requirements
Not less than 3/16 in. thick. Must be protected by a
push-bar or protective grille firmly attached on each
exposed sidec, if not divided by a muntin.
Not less than 7/32 in. thick. Must be protected by a
push-bar or protective grille firmly attached on each
exposed sidec.
Not less than 3/16 in. thick. Must be protected by a
push-bar or grille firmly attached on each exposed
sidec.
Not less than 1/4 in. thick. Shall pass impact test
requirements of reference standard RS 10-67.
Shall pass impact test requirements of reference
standard RS 10-67.
Not less than 7/32 in. thick. Shall pass impact test
requirements of reference standard RS 10-67.
Shall be fully-tempered glass and pass impact test
requirements of reference standard RS 10-67.
Building owners and tenants shall maintain push-bars or protective grilles in safe condition at all times.
248
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
SUBCHAPTER 11
FOUNDATIONS
[1105.3]
[1105.4]
[1105.5]
685
686
687
[1106.0]
Art. 7
[1106.1]
688
[1106.2]
[1106.3]
689
690
[1106.4]
691
[1106.5]
[1106.6]
[1106.7]
[1106.8]
[1106.9]
692
693
694
695
696
[1106.10]
697
[1106.11]
698
[1106.12]
[1107.0]
[1107.1]
[1107.2]
[1107.3]
[1108.0]
[1108.0]
[1108.1]
[1108.2]
[1109.0]
699
Art. 8
700
701
702
Art. 9
703
704
705
Art. 10
[1109.1]
[1109.2]
[1109.3]
706
707
708
[1109.4]
[1109.5]
[1109.6]
[1109.7]
[1109.8]
[1109.9]
[1110.0]
[1110.1]
[1110.2]
709
710
711
712
713
714
Art. 11
715
716
[1111.0]
[1111.1]
[1111.2]
[1112.0]
[1112.1]
[1112.2]
[1112.3]
Art. 12
717
718
Art. 13
719
720
721
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
[1100.0]
[1100.1]
[1100.2]
[1100.3]
[1100.4]
[1100.5]
[1100.6]
[1100.7]
[1100.8]
[1100.9]
[1100.10]
[1101.0]
[1101.1]
[1101.2]
[1101.3]
[1101.4]
[1101.5]
[1101.6]
[1102.0]
[1102.1]
[1102.2]
[1102.3]
[1102.4]
[1102.5]
[1102.6]
[1102.7]
[1103.0]
[1103.1]
[1103.2]
[1103.3]
[1103.4]
[1103.5]
[1103.6]
[1104.0]
[1104.1]
[1104.2]
[1105.0]
[1105.1]
[1105.2]
Art.
or Sec.**
Art. 1 General
652
Scope
653
Standards
654
Definitions
655
Plans
656
Permits
657
General Requirements
658
Depth of Foundations
659
Foundations at Different
Levels
660
Slabs on Grade
661
Construction
Art. 2 Soil Investigations
662
General
663
Borings
664
Test Pits
665
Boring Methods
666
Probings and Geophysical
Explorations
667
Existing Borings
Art. 3 Foundation Loads
668
Soil Bearing Pressures
669
Pile Reactions
670
Lateral Loads
671
Eccentricities
672
Uplift Forces
673
Impact
674
Stability
Art. 4 Allowable Soil Bearing
Pressures
675
Classification of Soil
Materials
676
Satisfactory Bearing
Material
677
Nominally Unsatisfactory
Bearing Material
678
Allowable Soil Bearing
Pressures
679
Bearing Capacity of
Nominally Unsatisfactory
Bearing Materials
680
Utility Services
Art. 5 Soil Load Bearing Tests
681
Applicability
682
Procedure
Art. 6 Footings, Foundation Piers,
and Foundation Walls
683
Materials
684
Footings
Foundation Piers
Foundation Walls
Construction of Footings,
Foundation Piers, and
Foundation Walls
Pile FoundationsGeneral
Requirements
Administrative
Requirements
Minimum Pile Penetrations
Use of Existing Piles at
Demolished Structures
Tolerance and Modification
of Design Due to Field
Conditions
Minimum Spacing of Piles
Minimum Section
Capping and Bracing of Piles
Splicing of Piles
General Requirements for
Installation of Piles
Use of Uncased Concrete
Pile Shafts
Where More Than One Pile
Type, Pile Capacity, or Method
of Pile Installation is Used
Pile Materials
Pile Foundations-Loads
Allowable Axial Load
Allowable Lateral Load
Uplift Capacity
Pile Driving Operations
Exceptions
Equipment
Procedures
Pile Types-Specific
Requirements
Scope
Timber Piles
Precast Concrete Piles
(Including Prestressed Sections)
Cast-In-Place Concrete Piles
Compacted Concrete Piles
Steel H Sections
Concrete-Filled Pipe Piles
Caisson Piles
Composite Piles
Underpinning
General Requirements
Use of Rock Support in Lieu
of Underpinning
Stability
General
Factor of Safety
Inspection
General
Boring and Test Pit Operations
Piling
249
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
[1112.4]
722
[1112.5]
723
[1112.6]
724
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
11-1 Unified Soil Classification
11-2 Allowable Soil Bearing Pressures
11-3 Allowable Compressive Stress for Pile Materials
11-4
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
(c) Depth. (1) Unless soil material of class 1-65 through 3-65 is
encountered at shallower depth, borings shall extend
below the deepest part of the excavation as necessary to
satisfy the more restrictive of the following requirements:
a. Borings shall extend deep enough into nominally
satisfactory bearing material to establish its character
and thickness, but not less than the following:
1. Where the soil material is class 5-65-ten feet.
2. For one- and two-family residences, two stories or less
in height-fifteen feet.
3. For other cases-twenty-five feet.
b. Borings shall extend to the depth at which the vertical
stress caused by the proposed construction is reduced to
ten percent or less of the original vertical stress at this
depth due to the weight of the overburden, except that
where strata of soil materials of class 9-65 or poorer are
encountered within this depth, the borings shall penetrate
such strata and be carried to a depth that shows penetration
continuous of material of class 8-65 or better as required in
paragraph a of this subdivision.
c. In addition to the requirements of paragraphs a and b
of this subdivision, at least one boring in every ten
thousand square feet of building area, but not less than
one boring per building, shall be carried to a depth of
one hundred feet below the curb for buildings having an
average area load exceeding one thousand psf. The
average load shall be computed as the sum of all dead
loads and live loads of the building, divided by the area
of the building at ground level.
(2) Where rock is encountered in borings within the
depths noted in paragraph one the borings shall be
cored a minimum of five feet into rock, or farther where
necessary or required, to obtain at least a recovery of
thirty-five percent core from five feet of penetration but not
to exceed the depth in paragraph one of this subdivision.
However, for foundations supported on piles or drilled-in
caissons bearing on the rock and having a capacity in
excess of eighty tons per unit, the capacity of the rock
to support the applied load shall be demonstrated by
increasing the length of coring to ten feet.
(d) Types. (1) SOIL BORINGS. -Soil samples shall be recovered
at intervals not to exceed five feet and at every change
of soil strata. Such samples shall be recovered using a
two inch O.D. split spoon sampler having an inside
diameter of one and three-eighths inches and a constant
internal cross section. The sampler shall be at least
twenty-four inches long and shall be tipped with a heat
treated, sharp cutting shoe. It shall be straight and
sound, with an undistorted cross section. The rods to
which the sampler is attached shall be one inch extra
heavy pipe or one and five-eighths O.D. drill rods. The
sampling tools shall be driven with a one hundred forty
pound hammer having a fall of thirty inches. The blows
per foot so recorded shall be designated hereinafter, by
the symbol, N. The fall of the hammer shall be a free
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
GW
Well-graded gravels,
gravel-sand mixture,
little or no fines.
GP
GM
GC
SW
Well-graded sands,
gravelly sands, little or
no fines.
SP
SM
SC
ML
CL
OL
MH
CH
OH
Pt
None to
slight
Quick to
slow
None
Medium
to high
None to
very slow
Medium
Slight to
medium
Slow
Slight
Slight to
medium
Slow to
none
Slight to
medium
High to
None
very high
Medium to None to very
high
slow
High
Slight to
medium
7
D60
Greater than 4
Cu=
D10
(D30)2
Between 1 and 3
Ce=
D10 x D60
Not meeting all gradation requirements for GW
Atterberg limits
below A line or P1
less than 4
Atterberg limits
above A line with
P1 greater than 7
Above A line
with P1 between
4 and 7 are
borderline cases
requiring use of
dual symbols.
D60
Greater than 6
D10
(D30)2
Between 1 and 3
Ce=
D10 x D60
Cu=
Plasticity Index
Clean Gravels
(Little or no fines)
Gravels with Fines
(Appreciable
amount of fines)
Clean Sands
(Little or no fines)
Sands with Fines
(Appreciable
amount of fines)
(For visual classification. the -in. size may be used as equivalent to the No. 4 sieve size.)
255
(1)
(2)
(3)
Silts and
Clays Liquid
limit is less than
50
Sands
More than half of coarse fraction
is smaller than No.4 sieve size.
Gravels
More than half of coarse fraction is
larger than No. 4 sieve size.
Coarse-grained Soils
More than half of material is larger than No. 200 sieve size.
The No. 200 sieve size is about the smallest visible to the naked eye.
Fine-grained Soils
More than half of material is smaller than No.
200 sieve size.
Typical Names
Use grain-size curve in identifying the fractions as given under field identification.
Group
Symbols
Major Divisions
Boundary classifications: Soils possessing characteristics of two groups are designed by combinations of group symbols. For example GM-GC, well-graded gravel-sand mixture with clay binder.
All sieve sizes on this chart are U.S. standard.
Adopted by Corps of Engineers and Bureau of Reclamation, January 1952
LIQUID LIMIT
PLASTICITY CHART
For Laboratory classification of fine-grained soils
032058C
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
(b) Special soil types. (1) FINE SAND.- Soils of group SM, containing more
than fifty percent (by weight) of particles passing a
number sixty mesh sieve.
(2) HARDPAN.- Soils of groups GM, GC, and SW, generally
directly overlying rock, and which are sufficiently
cemented to be difficult to remove by picking.
(3) CLAY SOILS.- Soils of each group SC, CL and
CH shall be classified according to consistency as hard,
medium, or soft in accordance with the following:
a. Hard clay.- A clay requiring picking for removal, a fresh
sample of which cannot be molded by pressure of the fingers.
b. Medium clay.- A clay that can be removed by spading, a
fresh sample of which can be molded by a substantial
pressure of the fingers.
c. Soft clay. -A clay, a fresh sample of which can be
molded with slight pressure of the fingers.
(4) SILT SOILS.- Soils of each group ML and MH shall
be classified as dense, medium, or loose depending on
relative difficulties of removal as described for hard,
medium, and soft clays in paragraph three of this subdivision.
(5) VARVED SILT. -A natural soil deposit consisting
of alternating thin layers of silt, clay, and sand in which
the silt or silt plus sand layers predominate.
[C26-1103.2] 27-676 Satisfactory bearing material.The following materials, or any combination of them
shall be considered as generally satisfactory bearing
materials; hard sound, medium hard, intermediate, and
soft rock; hardpan; granular soils of G and S groups;
256
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
[C26-1103.4] 27-678 Allowable soil bearing pressures.The allowable bearing pressures on satisfactory bearing
materials shall be those established in table 11-2. The
allowable bearing pressures on nominally unsatisfactory
bearing materials shall be those established in accordance
with section 27-679 of this article. Allowable bearing
pressure shall be considered to be the allowable pressure
at a point in the soil mass in excess of the stabilized
overburden pressure existing at the same point prior to
construction operations. The stabilized overburden pressure
existing at a point shall be defined as that portion of the
weight of the overlying soil material that is supported by
granular interaction rather than pore pressure. In general,
Description
See Notes* (1)
Hard Sound Rock.
Medium Hard Rock..
Intermediate Rock
Soft Rock.
Hardpan
Gravel and Gravel Soils (Soil Groups GW, GP, GM,
& GC and soils of Soil Groups SW, SP, and SM
containing more than 10% of material retained on a
No. 4 sieve)..
7-65
8-65
Fine Sand.
9-65
Clays and Clay Soils (Soil Groups SC, CL, & CH)
Hard....
Medium...
Soft..
Silts and Silt Soils (Soil Groups ML & MH)
Dense..
Medium...
Loose...
Nominally Unsatisfactory Bearing Materials
10-65
11-65
60
40
20
8
5
See Note (7).
2
See Note (7).
See Sec. 27-679.
3
1.5
See Sec. 27-679.
See Sec. 27-679.
257
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Notes:
(1) Classification. The soil classifications indicated in this table
are those described in section 27-675 of this article. Where there is
doubt as to the applicable classification of a soil stratum, the allowable
bearing pressure applicable to the lower class of material to which the
given stratum might conform shall apply unless the conformance to the
higher class of material can be proven by laboratory or field test
procedures.
(2) Allowable bearing pressure on rock. The tabulated values of
basic allowable bearing pressures apply only for massive rocks or, for
sedimentary or foliated rocks, where the strata are level or nearly so,
and, then only if the area has ample lateral support. Tilted strata and
their relation to nearby slopes or excavations shall receive special
consideration.
(3) Allowable bearing pressure on hardpan. For hardpan consisting
of well cemented material composed of a predominantly granular
matrix and free of lenses of fine grained material and inclusions of soft
rock, the basic allowable bearing pressure shall be twelve tons per
square foot. For hardpan consisting of poorly cemented material or
containing lenses of fine grained material, inclusions of soft rock, or a
fine grained matrix, the basic allowable bearing pressure shall be eight
tons per square foot.
(4) Allowable bearing pressure on gravel and gravel soils. Values
of basic allowable bearing pressure shall be as follows:
(a)
For soils of Soils Groups GW,GP, GM, and GC:
Compact, well graded materialten tons per square foot.
Loose, poorly graded materialsix tons per square foot.
Intermediate conditionsEstimate by interpolation between
indicated extremes.
(b)
For soils of Soil Groups SW, SP, and SM, containing
more than ten percent of material retained on a No. 4 sieve :
Compact, well graded materialeight tons per square foot.
Loose, poorly graded materialfour tons per square foot.
Intermediate conditionsEstimate by interpolation between
indicated extremes.
(5) Allowable bearing pressure on sands. The basic allowable bearing
pressure shall be determined from the resistance to penetration of the
standard sampling spoon. The basic allowable bearing pressure in tons per
square foot shall equal 0.10 times N but not greater than six tons per square
foot, nor less than three tons per square foot. The appropriate value for the
penetration resistance at various areas of the site shall be made by
averaging the measured resistance within a depth of soil below the
proposed footing level equal to the width of the footing. Where the
average values so obtained do not vary by more than twenty-five percent
of the minimum of the average values over the site of the proposed
building, the lowest average value shall be used for the design of the
entire building. Where the variation exceeds twenty-five percent, the
allowable bearing pressure shall be predicated on the lowest average
value unless appropriate measures are taken to avoid detrimental
amounts of differential settlements of the footings. Where the design
bearing pressure on soils of class 7-65 exceeds three tons per square
foot, the embedment of the loaded area below the adjacent grade shall
not be less than four feet and the width of the loaded area not less than
three feet, unless analysis shall demonstrate the proposed construction to
have a minimum factor of safety of 2.0 against shear failure of the soil.
(6) Allowable bearing pressure on fine sand. The basic allowable
bearing pressure shall be determined from the resistance to penetration
of the standard sampling spoon. The basic allowable bearing pressure in
tons per square foot shall equal 0.10 times N but not greater than four
tons per square foot nor less than two tons per square foot, except that,
for loose materials (resistance to penetration of the standard sampling
spoon ten blows per foot or less), where the foundation is subjected to
vibratory loads from machinery or similar cause, the indicated basic
values shall not apply. The allowable bearing pressure shall be
established by analysis applying accepted principles of soil mechanics
and a report of such analysis satisfactory to the commissioner shall be
submitted as a part of the application for the acceptance of the plans.
(7) Allowable bearing pressure on clays and clay soils. The bearing
capacity of medium and hard clays and clay soils shall be established on
the basis of the strength of such soils as determined by field or
258
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
[C26-1104.2] 27-682 Procedure. (a) Preparations. (1) A sketch showing the layout, levels, number of tests,
details of test apparatus, and test procedures shall be filed
with the commissioner before conducting such tests. The
sketch shall also include the locations and levels of the
proposed tests in relation to the contemplated foundation
levels as well as the logs of borings that have been made
for the building or buildings involved.
(2) The tests shall be made at the levels contemplated for
the proposed building footings, and in at least two locations
within the limits of the building area. The surfaces at the
locations of the proposed tests shall be leveled at the
elevations of the proposed test for a clear distance of at least
five feet all around the test plate.
(3) The loaded area shall be square and at least twentyfour inches by twenty-four inches.
(4) When load tests are performed on materials affected
by drying, suitable methods shall be used to prevent
evaporation from the material.
(5) In the event ground water is present *immediatley below,
at, or above the level required to be tested, dewatering
facilities shall be installed to maintain ground water a
minimum of four feet below the level of the test plate
during the preparation and duration of the test or tests.
*As enacted but immediately probably intended.
Title 27 / Subchapter 9
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
[C26-1105.4] 27-686 Foundation walls. (a) Concrete.- Concrete foundation walls shall be designed in
accordance with the provisions of reference standard RS
10-3 relating to bearing or retaining walls. The equivalent
unbraced height of a wall supported by lateral soil pressure
may be determined by a recognized method of elastic
analysis. Alternatively, such a wall may be assumed to be
laterally braced at intervals as follows:
[C26-1106.1] 27-688 Administrative requirements. (a) Identification of piles. -A plan showing clearly
the designation of all piles by an identifying system
shall be filed with the commissioner prior to
installation of such piles. All detailed records for
individual piles shall bear an identification corresponding
to that shown on the plan. A copy of such plan shall be
available at the site for inspection at all times.
263
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
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Title 27 / Subchapter 11
267
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Timber
Steel
a. For piles embedded entirely in materials of classes 465 to 8-65, or in controlled fill materials, the polygon
shall be circumscribed at a level located two-thirds of the
embedded length of the pile, measured up from the tip.
b. For piles penetrating through soils of classes 9-65,
10-65, or 11-65 into bearing in soils of class 8-65 or
better, the polygon shall be circumscribed at the bottom
of the strata of class 9-65, 10-65 or 11-65 materials.
c. In the case of piles having enlarged bases, the lateral
distribution of the load to the soil may be assumed to
begin at the junction of the shaft and the enlarged base
and to extend as follows:
1. In the case where the enlarged base is formed in
loose or medium compact (N value less than thirty)
soils of class 6-65 or 7-65 that extend twenty feet or
more below the junction of the base and shaft, or that
are of lesser extent but are directly underlain by soil of
class 5-65 or better, the bearing area may be taken at a
plane six feet below said junction but not lower than the
bottom of the soil strata of class 6-65 or 7-65.
2. Where the enlarged base is formed in compact (N value
thirty to sixty) soils of class 6-65 or 7-65, or in any soil of
these classes that extends less than twenty feet below the
junction of the base and the shaft and that is underlain by soil
of class 8-65 or poorer, the bearing area shall be taken at
planes less than six feet below said junction, with a lower
limit of three feet where the material is very compact (N
value sixty, or greater) and the extent of the class 6-65 or 7-65
material is ten feet below the junction of shaft and base. (The
provisions of subdivision (e) of section 27-710 of article ten
of this subchapter relating to minimum depth of bearing
stratum below the junction of base and shaft shall apply.) For
conditions intermediate between that described in clause one
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
TABLE 11-4 MINIMUM DRIVING RESISTANCE AND MINIMUM HAMMER ENERGY FOR STEEL HPILES, PIPE PILES, PRECAST AND CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE PILES AND COMPOSITE PILES
(other that timber)
Pile
Capacity
(tons)
Up to 20
30
40
50
60
70 & 80
Hammerb
Energy
(ft. lbs.)
15,000
19,000
24,000
15,000
19,000
24,000
15,000
19,000
24,000
15,000
19,000
24,000
32,000
15,000
19,000
24,000
32,000
19,000
24,000
32,000
100 Over
100**
Piles Bearing on
Rock (Soil Classes
1-65, 2-65, & 3-65)
5 Blows per
inch
(Minimum
hammer
energy of
15,000
ft. lbs.)
TABLE 11-5 MINIMUM DRIVING RESISTANCE AND HAMMER ENERGY FOR TIMBER PILES
Pile Capacity
(tons)
Up to 20
Over 20 to 25
Over 25 to 30
Greater than 30
Hammer Energy
(ft.-lbs.) 2
7,500-12,000
9,000-12,000
14,000-16,000
12,000-16,000
(single-acting hammers)
15,000-20,000
(double-acting hammers)
1,3,4
270
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
2WhH
s+0.1
or
P=
2E
s+0.1
The value
Wp
Wh
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
273
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
[C26-1109.4] 27-709 Cast-in-place concrete piles. (a) Description. -Cast-in-place concrete piles shall be
cast in shells previously installed in the ground or, with
the limitations indicated in section 27-697 of article
seven of this subchapter, may be cast in an uncased
hole. Cast-in-place piles may be tapered or cylindrical,
or a combination of tapered and cylindrical shapes.
(b) Materials. -Concrete for cast-in-place concrete
piles shall conform to the requirements of article five of
subchapter ten of this chapter. Slump shall be five
inches plus or minus one inch. Where the pile shell is
assumed to contribute to the capacity of the pile as a
structural member, the shell shall be of metal and shall
conform to the provisions of article six of subchapter
ten of this chapter or section 27-712 of this article.
Where the pile shell is not assumed to contribute to the
capacity of the pile as a structural member, the shell
may be of any material that will adequately resist the
driving stresses and maintain an open well to receive
the concrete. End closures for shells shall not project
more than one-half inch beyond the outer limits of the
pile when bearing in soils of class 6-65 or lower.
(c) Installation. (1) After installation to final depth and immediately
before filling with concrete, the inside of the tube, shell,
or bore shall be thoroughly cleaned to the bottom and
inspected by lowering a drop light or by means of a
light beam. To be accepted: (a) the pile shall be free of
collapsed sections of shell and the pile shell shall not
show any tears; (b) the pile shall be free of water except
that a minor amount of water may be allowed to occur
in the pile if it be absorbed by placing a suitable amount
of dry cement-sand mixture in the tip end of the pile;
and (c) the alignment of the pile shall conform to the
provisions of section 27-691 of article seven of this
subchapter. If the bottom of the casing is out of sight,
the shape and alignment of the casing shall be surveyed
with a suitable instrument, or the pile rejected.
(2) Concrete shall be placed by such methods that the
entire volume of the tube, shell, or bore is filled and in a
manner that will preclude separation of the ingredients.
(3) No concrete shall be placed in a cast-in-place pile
until all piles within a radius of fifteen feet, or within
the heave range, have been driven.
(4) Rejected pile shells shall be filled with concrete or sand.
(5) The concrete cap shall not be placed until at least
one hour after all piles within the cap group are
completely filled.
[C26-1109.5] 27-710 Compacted concrete piles. (a) Description.- A "compacted concrete pile" shall
denote a concrete pile formed with an enlarged base in
which the concrete in the base is placed in small batches
that are compacted prior to attaining an initial set. The
concrete in the shaft of the pile shall be placed as
specified in section 27-709 of this article for cast-in-
276
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
(e) Installation. (1) The steel shell shall be installed through overburden,
the material within the shell shall be removed, and the
shell seated in the rock sufficiently to stop the inflow of
soil. Where required to extend the shells, splices are to
be welded. A suitable steel driving shoe shall be welded
to the bottom of each caisson.
(2) A socket shall then be drilled in the rock to the
required depth and shall be approximately of the same
diameter as the inside diameter of the shell. Before
placement of concrete, the socket and shell shall be
thoroughly cleaned and the rock inspected to verify that
the rock is of the class on which the design has been
predicated, or of a better class. In case visual inspection
cannot be made because of inability to unwater the
caissons by standard pumping methods, drilling logs
and screenings from the rock drilling operation may be
utilized to determine the class of rock in the socket.
(3) Where more than one section of steel core is
required, the mating ends of the sections shall be
spliced so as to safely withstand the handling stresses to
which they may be subjected. The ends shall be milled
or field ground to insure contact. The steel core shall be
centrally installed in the caisson before grouting and
concreting, shall not be more than one inch above the
rock at the bottom of the socket, and shall be full length
of the caisson or extend a sufficient distance up into the
shaft to transmit the load in the steel core into the
concrete of the caisson. A minimum-weight thirty-six
pounds stub core beam shall be installed in the socket
for caissons not requiring steel cores in order to lock the
caissons into the rock. In these cases, the length of the
steel cores shall be twice the socket depth.
(4) Concrete and grout shall be placed so that it
completely fills the shell, the socket, and the space
between the steel core and shell, and in a manner that
will preclude separation of the ingredients.
(5) If the leakage of water into the caisson is minor, the
caisson shall be pumped out and one cubic yard of grout
shall be placed in the caissons and then the balance of
the concrete installed. If the leakage of water makes it
inadvisable to attempt to place concrete in the dry, the
shell shall be filled to its top with clean water, and the
concrete placed by the tremie method to the top of the
caisson in one continuous operation or by using a seal
of grout of the same strength as the specified concrete.
The grout seal, if used, shall be deposited by means of a
grout pipe to an elevation of at least three feet above the
cutting edge, and after a sufficient time has elapsed to
allow the grout to set, the caisson shall be pumped dry
and the remaining space filled with concrete.
[C26-1109.9] 27-714 Composite piles. -Composite
piles include those consisting of two types of pile joined
together. The maximum allowable load shall be that
allowed for the component of lesser strength used to
make up the full pile length. The connection or joint
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 11
280
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
SUBCHAPTER 12
LIGHT, HEAT, VENTILATION, AND NOISE
CONTROL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
Art.
or Sec.**
[1200.0]
[1200.1]
[1200.2]
[1200.3]
[1200.4]
[1200.5]
[1200.6]
[1201.0]
[1201.1]
[1202.0]
[1202.1]
Art. 1
725
726
727
728
729
730
Art. 2
731
Art. 3
732
[1202.2]
733
[1202.3]
734
[1203.0]
[1203.1]
Art. 4
735
[1203.2]
[1203.3]
[1203.4]
736
737
738
[1203.5]
[1204.0]
[1204.1]
[1204.2]
739
Art. 5
740
741
[1204.3]
742
[1204.4]
743
[1204.5]
[1205.0]
744
Art. 6
[1205.1]
[1205.2]
[1205.3]
[1205.4]
[1205.5]
745
746
747
748
749
[1205.6]
750
[1205.7]
751
[1206.0]
Art 7
[1206.1]
752
[1206.2]
753
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Plans
Permits
Tests and Inspections
Existing Buildings
Alterations
Standards of Natural Light
Natural Light
Requirements
Natural Light Sources and
Location
Area of Natural Light
Sources
Standards of Artificial Light
Artificial Light
Requirements
Means of Egress
Places of Assembly
Bathrooms and Toilet
Rooms
Yards and Courts
Standards of Heating
Heating Requirements
Minimum Temperature
Requirements
Devices Producing
Incidental Heat
Capacity of Central Heat
Sources
System Design
Standards of Natural
Ventilation
Occupiable Rooms
Habitable Rooms
Alcoves
Balconies
Natural Ventilation
Sources
Area of Ventilating
Openings
Minimum Dimensions of
Habitable Rooms
Standards of Mechanical
Ventilation
Areas Requiring
Mechanical Ventilation
Index for Ventilation
[1206.3]
754
[1206.4]
755
[1206.5]
756
[1207.0]
[1207.1]
Art. 8
757
[1207.2]
[1207.3]
[1207.4]
[1207.5]
[1207.6]
[1207.7]
758
759
760
761
762
763
[1207.8]
764
[1207.9]
[1207.10]
765
766
[1207.11]
767
[1208.0]
Art. 9
[1208.1]
[1208.2]
768
769
[1208.3]
770
Minimum Quantity of
Outside Air for
Mechanical Ventilation
Use of Adsorption
Devices
Installation and Operation
of Ventilating and Air
Conditioning Systems
Ventilation of Special Spaces
Rooms in Institutional H-1
Occupancy
Kitchens
Bathrooms and Toilet Rooms
Inside Locker Rooms
Corridors
Crawl Spaces
Ventilation of
Refrigeration Plants
Ventilation of Boiler
Rooms
Ventilation for Schools
Ventilation of Rooms or
Spaces with Excessive
Temperatures, Strong
Odors, Toxic Substances,
or Airborne Irritants
Ventilation for Special
Uses and Occupancies
Noise Control in Multiple
Dwellings
Requirements
Acoustical Isolation of
Dwelling Units
Noise Control of
Mechanical Equipment
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
12-1 Minimum Space Temperature Requirements
12-2 Required Minimum Outdoor Air Supply and
Exhaust
12-3 Maximum Sound Power Levels Permitted in
Mechanical Equipment Spaces of Shafts
Adjoining Dwelling Spaces
12-4 Maximum Sound Power Levels Permitted for
Exterior Mechanical Equipment Adjoining
Buildings
12-5 Noise Output Limitations for Exterior Mechanical
Equipment
12-6 Maximum Permissible Air Velocities in Ducts
12-7 Maximum Permissible Sound Power Levels for
Terminal Units
281
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-1200.1] 27-725 Scope. -The provisions of this
subchapter shall establish and control the minimum
requirements for light, heat, ventilation, and noise
control except as otherwise provided in subchapters six,
seven, and eight.
[C26-1200.2] 27-726 Standards. -The provisions of
reference standard RS-12 shall be a part of this subchapter.
[C26-1200.3] 27-727 Definitions. -For definitions to
be used in the interpretation of this subchapter, see
subchapter two of this chapter.
[C26-1200.4] 27-728 Plans. -For the requirements
governing the filing of plans and the work to be shown
on plans, see subchapter one of this chapter.
[C26-1200.5] 27-729 Permits. -For the requirements
governing equipment work permits and equipment use
permits, see subchapter one of this chapter.
[C26-1200.6] 27-730 Tests and inspections. -Where
required in this subchapter, all equipment and systems
shall be subject to tests and/or inspections that would
disclose defects or operating conditions dangerous to
life or health. Such equipment or systems shall not be
operated until these defects or conditions are corrected.
ARTICLE 2 EXISTING BUILDINGS
[C26-1201.1] 27-731 Alterations. -No building, or
part thereof, shall hereafter be altered or rearranged so
as to reduce any of the following to less than the
required standards prescribed in this subchapter for
buildings hereafter erected:
(a) The amount of available natural or artificial light.
(b) The output of devices providing heat to a room.
(c) The outdoor air supply.
No additional room shall be created unless made to
conform to the requirements of this subchapter except
that in basements of one-family dwellings existing on
January first, nineteen hundred eighty-two, and in
basements of all other dwellings existing on January first,
nineteen hundred forty-eight, the minimum clear ceiling
height may be seven feet for the minimum area. In multifamily dwellings, the installation of all new mechanical
equipment shall conform to the requirements of article
nine of this subchapter except that existing mechanical
equipment may be replaced with new equipment of the
same kind as previously installed.
ARTICLE 3 STANDARDS OF NATURAL LIGHT
[C26-1202.1] 27-732 Natural light requirements. Every habitable room shall be provided with natural
light complying with the provisions of this subchapter.
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
[C26-1202.3] 27-734 Area of natural light sources. Required sources of natural light shall have an aggregate
transmitting area of at least ten percent of the floor area of
the room or space served and where an enclosed or
partially enclosed balcony or space above a setback
complying with section 27-733 of this article intervenes,
the required sources of natural light shall have an
aggregate transmitting area of at least ten percent of the
combined floor area of such room and the portion of the
balcony or space directly adjoining and in front of such
room. Each required source shall have a minimum
transmitting area of twelve square feet and only that area
of the light source above thirty inches from the finished
floor may be considered as providing the natural light
required in any space.
ARTICLE 4 STANDARDS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
[C26-1203.1] 27-735 Artificial light requirements.Adequate means for producing artificial light by
electricity shall be provided in every room or floor
space in every building hereafter erected and in the
portions of existing buildings where alterations are
performed except as follows:
(a) Artificial light need not be provided in rooms or
spaces occupied exclusively during the daylight hours
between one hour after sunrise and one hour before
sunset, and which are provided with natural light
meeting the requirements of sections 27-733 and 27-734
of article three of this subchapter.
(b) Artificial light need not be provided in rooms or spaces
with less than forty square feet of floor area if they are used
exclusively for storage purposes or for mechanical facilities
containing no rotating or moving parts, no combustion
equipment, or no other hazardous equipment.
[C26-1203.2] 27-736 Means of egress. -All means
of egress shall be provided with the levels of artificial
illumination as required in article six of subchapter six
of this chapter.
[C26-1203.3] 27-737 Places of assembly.- All places of
assembly shall be provided with the levels of artificial
illumination as required in subchapter eight of this chapter.
[C26-1203.4] 27-738 Bathrooms and toilet rooms.In all bathrooms and toilet rooms, the required means
for producing artificial illumination shall be capable of
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
Rooms or Spaces
Habitable rooms in all buildings.
Building equipment and machinery rooms.
Patients rooms, bathrooms and toilet rooms, stairs and corridors in hospitals and nursing homes..
Bathrooms and toilet rooms, except patients bathrooms and toilet rooms in hospitals and nursing homes.
Offices, waiting rooms, art galleries, museums, libraries, meeting rooms, churches, classrooms,
auditoriums, lecture halls, night clubs, restaurants, theatres, locker rooms, dressing rooms, and spaces
where persons are engaged in sedentary activities..
Laboratories, light machine work, product inspections, loft buildings, shops, stores, display rooms, show
rooms, sales rooms, and spaces where persons are engaged in moderate physical activities.
*Laboratories, light machine work, product inspections, loft buildings, shops, stores, display rooms, show
rooms, sales rooms, and spaces where persons are engaged in moderate physical activities....
Gymnasia, dance halls, skating rinks, bowling alleys, heavy assembly workrooms or shops, and spaces
where persons are engaged in vigorous physical activities.
Automotive repair shops.
Storage areas, garages, space where work or process requires a low temperature
Hospital operating rooms, and recovery, labor, delivery, and nursery rooms...
Swimming pools, bath houses, and shower rooms.
70
50
75
70
70
70
65
60
50
None
80
75
[C26-1205.5] 27-749 Natural ventilation sources.Natural ventilation, when required, shall be provided by
windows, skylights, monitors, doors, louvers, jalousies,
or other similar ventilating openings. Such ventilating
openings shall open to the sky or a public street, space,
alley, park, highway, or right of way, or upon a yard,
court, plaza, or space above a setback, where such yard,
court, plaza, or space above a setback is located on the
same lot and is of the dimensions required by the
applicable provisions of the zoning resolution.
[C26-1205.6] 27-750 Area of ventilating openings.Ventilating openings in all habitable rooms or spaces
shall have a free openable area of at least five percent of
the floor area of the room or space ventilated and where
284
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
TABLE 12-2 REQUIRED MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY AND EXHAUST (cfm per sq. ft.)
Index for
Ventilation
0-300
301-520
521-850
851-1250
1251-1650
Over 1650
1.0
0.67
Exhaust
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.4
285
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
(b) Air conditioning. (1) In air conditioned rooms, the windows and other
openings shall not be credited as such in computing the
index for ventilation. Air conditioned rooms shall be
considered as interior rooms.
(2) Air that has been exhausted from an air conditioned
space may be reconditioned by air conditioning apparatus
and recirculated as equivalent outdoor air, provided that
the total of supply air is not less than required for air
conditioned rooms by table 12-2 and that the amount of
actual outdoor air is at least thirty-three and one-third
percent of the required total. The actual outdoor air
supply shall not, under any circumstances, be reduced
to less than five cfm per occupant, except that these
minimum requirements may be reduced by fifty percent
as provided in section 27-755 of this article.
(c) Required exhaust.- Required exhaust may be
accomplished by raising the pressure within the space with
consequent leakage through doors and windows, or by
drawing the vitiated air from air conditioned spaces into
the return air duct of air conditioning apparatus or into an
exhaust duct discharging directly to the outdoor air.
(d) Make-up air.- A sufficient quantity of air to make
the exhaust system effective shall be provided to the
space being exhausted by one or by any combination of
the following methods:
(1) By supplying air to the space by means of a blower system.
(2) By infiltration through louvers, registers, or other
permanent openings in walls, doors, or partitions, adjoining
spaces where air is supplied by one of these methods.
(3) By infiltration through cracks around window sash and doors.
(4) By other methods acceptable to the commissioner.
(e) Prohibited use of recirculated air.- Air drawn from
any of the following spaces may not be recirculated;*
mortuary rooms; bathrooms or toilet rooms; or any space
where an objectionable quantity of flammable vapors,
dust, odors, or noxious gases is present. Air drawn from
rooms that must be isolated to prevent the spread of
infection shall not be recirculated, except that air drawn
from hospital operating rooms may be recirculated, if in
compliance with the following requirements:
*Semicolon enacted but colon probably intended.
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
[C26-1207.7] 27-763 Ventilation of refrigeration plants.Rooms containing refrigeration plants shall be ventilated
in accordance with the provisions of subchapter thirteen
of this chapter.
[C26-1207.8] 27-764 Ventilation of boiler rooms. Boiler rooms shall be ventilated in a manner that will
provide air for combustion in accordance with the
provisions of subchapter fourteen of this chapter and
also prevent the accumulation of hot air over or near the
equipment within the room.
[C26-1207.6] 27-762 Crawl spaces. (a) Buildings and structures without basements. -In
buildings and structures constructed without basements,
and in which the first floor construction does not bear
directly on the ground, a space at least eighteen inches
high shall be provided directly under the floor beams,
girders or sill of the first floor construction. Where the
floor above such a space is constructed of wood or
metal, the space shall be ventilated by one of the
following means:
(1) At least four widely-distributed ventilating
openings, providing a total net free area of at least one
eight-hundredth of the area of the crawl space, shall be
provided in the foundation walls, and the ground within
the crawl space shall be covered with a vapor barrier in
durability equivalent to at least fifty-five pounds,
roofing felt with unsealed laps and with a transmission
rate of one perm or less. At least two ventilating openings,
providing a total net free area of at least one fifteenhundredth the area of the crawl space shall be provided
in foundation walls, provided that a vapor barrier with a
transmission rate of one perm or less is installed over
the entire underside of the first floor construction and
overlaps the walls.
(2) Other means acceptable to the commissioner.
(b) Buildings and structures with basements.- No
foundation wall vents shall be required where one side
of a crawl space is completely open except for structural
members, to a basement that has an area at least
equivalent to that of the crawl space, provided that the
basement is naturally ventilated by openings complying
with section 27-749 of article six of this subchapter and
[C26-1207.9] 27-765 Ventilation for schools.School buildings shall be ventilated in accordance with
the following requirements:
(a) Rooms of instruction and administration.Classrooms, other rooms of instruction, and administrative
rooms, where the index for ventilation is less than one
thousand six hundred fifty, shall have a supply of
outdoor air of at least fifteen cfm per occupant and
mechanical exhaust. Where windows are used as the
source of supply air, mechanical air exhaust shall be
fifteen cfm per occupant. When outdoor air is supplied
by mechanical means, the exhaust shall be at least
eighty percent of the supply. In air-conditioned rooms,
the conditioned air supply may be reduced to a
minimum of ten cfm per occupant, of which at least five
cfm shall be outdoor air.
(b) Lockers and wardrobes. -Lockers, wardrobes, or
wardrobe rooms shall be ventilated in accordance with
the provisions of section 27-760 of this article, and
where these spaces are located within or adjacent to
classroom[s]*, the exhaust air from the classroom may
be used for such ventilation.
(c) Auditoria and assembly rooms. -Rooms where
there are more than seventy-five occupants shall have a
supply of outdoor air of at least fifteen cfm per
occupant and mechanical exhaust. Where windows are
used as the source of supply air, mechanical air exhaust
shall be at least fifteen cfm per occupant. When
outdoor air is supplied by mechanical means, the
mechanical exhaust shall be at least eighty percent of
the supply. In air-conditioning spaces, the conditioned
air supply may be reduced to a minimum of ten cfm per
occupant, of which at least five cfm shall be outdoor air.
*Copy in brackets not enacted but probably intended.
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
db re 10-13 Watts
98
97
100
97
96
93
91
db re 10-12 Watts
88
87
90
87
86
83
81
290
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
63
99
103
107
110
12
25
50
100
89
93
97
100
Feet
12
25
50
100
63
97
104
110
116
125
90
96
102
108
12
25
50
100
87
94
100
106
80
86
92
98
250
500
1000
83
78
75
89
84
81
95
90
87
101
96
93
[in]* Octave Bandsdb re 10 -12 Watts
73
68
65
79
74
71
85
80
77
91
86
83
2000
73
79
85
91
4000
72
78
84
90
8000
71
77
83
89
63
69
75
81
62
68
74
80
61
67
73
79
Decibels
re .0002 Microbar
64
57
51
45
41
39
38
37
Octave Bands
Center Frequencies (cps)
63
125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
8000
Decibels
re .0002 microbar
61
53
46
40
36
34
33
32
291
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
Branch Ducts
750 fpm
1000
Sub-Main Ducts
1000 fpm
2000
Main Ducts
1500 fpm
3000
293
Title 27 / Subchapter 12
294
Title 27 / Subchapter 13
SUBCHAPTER 13
MECHANICAL VENTILATION, AIR
CONDITIONING, AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
Art.
or Sec.**
[1300.0]
[1300.1]
[1300.3]
[1300.4]
[1300.5]
[1300.6]
[1300.7]
[1300.8]
Art. 1
772
773
774
775
776
777
777.1
[1300.9]
777.2
[1301.0]
Art. 2
[1301.1]
[1301.2]
778
779
[1301.3]
780
[1301.4]
[1302.0]
781
Art. 3
[1302.1]
[1303.0]
[1303.1]
[1304.0]
782
Art. 4
783
Art. 5
[1304.1]
[1304.2]
[1304.3]
784
785
786
General
Standards
Definitions
Plans
Permits
General Requirements
Construction
Smoke Control
Requirements
Ventilation in Existing J-1
Buildings
Inspections and Tests for
Equipment Use Permits
General Requirements
Required Ventilating
Systems
Voluntary Ventilating
Systems or Other
Voluntary Air Duct
Systems
Refrigerating Systems
Operation and
Maintenance
General Requirements
Posting
General Requirements
Code Requirements of
Other City Departments
Electrical
Air Pollution
Refrigeration
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-1300.1] 27-771 Scope. -This subchapter shall establish
the minimum safety requirements for, and control the
design, construction, installation, alteration, and use of,
systems for providing mechanical ventilation, air
conditioning, air cooling, air heating, and refrigeration. In
addition, within special flood hazard areas, and below the
regulatory flood datum, as described in article ten of
subchapter four of this chapter, mechanical ventilation, air
conditioning, and refrigeration systems, and related
equipment shall meet the requirements of the applicable
provisions of reference standard RS 4-5.
295
Title 27 / Subchapter 13
296
Title 27 / Subchapter 13
ARTICLE 2 INSPECTIONS
AND TESTS FOR EQUIPMENT USE PERMITS
[C26-1301.1] 27-778 General requirements.No required ventilating system, no voluntary air duct
system containing smoke detection or fire protection
devices that are required by this subchapter, and no
refrigeration system shall be placed in operation, until it
has been tested and inspected in accordance with the
requirements of this subchapter and until an equipment
use permit has been issued by the commissioner, except
as hereinafter provided.
[C26-1301.2] 27-779 Required ventilating systems.The following tests and inspection requirements shall
be complied with in order to obtain an equipment use
permit for a required ventilating system.
*(a) Procedure.- A required ventilating system shall be
subject to the requirements for controlled inspection as
provided in article eight of subchapter one of this
chapter except that it shall not be required that the
architect or engineer be in the employ of the owner.
Such requirements shall include (1) a controlled inspection
to verify that the installation and operation of the completed
system comply with the requirements of this subchapter,
comprising tests to ascertain that the amount of air
being supplied to and exhausted from each space conforms
with the requirements of this code, and tests that all
required smoke detection and fire protection devices are
functioning properly; and (2) a controlled inspection
comprising tests to verify that required fire dampers are
installed and functioning properly as provided for in
subdivision (d) of section 27-343 of this code. When a
required ventilating system handles five thousand cfm
or less, it shall be subject to controlled inspection
except that the person making the inspection may be an
architect, engineer or a person with at least five years of
experience installing ventilating systems. However, if
such a system exhausts any of the following:
(1) fumes, dusts, vapors or other noxious or injurious
substances,
(2) substances that create a fire hazard,
then the person making the inspection shall be an
architect or engineer. It shall not be required that the
architect or engineer be in the employ of the owner.
The test reports required under the provisions of article
eight of subchapter one of this chapter shall be filed in
the form prescribed by the commissioner. The form
shall include the quantity of air supplied or exhausted
by each outlet.
(b) Fire extinguishing systems.- No equipment use permit
for a required ventilating system containing a required
fire extinguishing system shall be issued until a signed
statement has been obtained from a representative of the
fire commissioner who has witnessed the test of the
297
Title 27 / Subchapter 13
298
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
SUBCHAPTER 14
HEATING AND COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art
or Sec.]*
Art.
or Sec.**
[1400.0]
[1400.1]
[1400.2]
[1400.3]
[1400.4]
[1400.5]
[1400.6]
[1401.0]
Art. 1
787
788
789
790
791
792
Art. 2
[1401.1]
[1401.2]
793
794
[1402.0]
[1402.1]
Art. 3
795
[1402.2]
796
[1402.3]
[1402.4]
797
798
[1403.0]
Art. 4
[1403.1]
[1404.0]
[1404.1]
799
Art. 5
800
[1405.0]
[1405.1]
Art. 6
801
[1405.2]
802
[1405.3]
803
[1406.0]
Art. 7
[1406.1]
[1407.0]
[1407.1]
[1407.2]
[1408.0]
[1408.1]
[1408.2]
[1409.0]
804
Art. 8
805
806
Art. 9
807
808
Art. 10
[1409.1]
[1409.2]
[1409.3]
809
810
811
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Plans
Permits
General Requirements
Inspections and Tests for
Equipment Use Permits
Boilers
Fuel Burning and Fuel
Storage Installations
Licenses and Certificates
High-Pressure Boiler
Operating Engineer
License
Oil Burning Equipment
Installer License
Certificates
Operator's Inspection after
Repairs
Abatement of Air
Contaminants
General Requirements
Equipment Standards
Standards for Gas and Oil
Burning Equipment
Equipment Classification
Low Temperature
Equipment
Medium Temperature
Equipment
High Temperature
Equipment
Equipment Foundation
Mountings
General Requirements
Equipment Clearances
General Requirements
Reduction of Clearances
Combustion Air
Air Supply
Flue Dampers
Piping Containing Steam,
Hot Water or Other Fluids
Insulation and Clearances
Firestopping
Insulation Materials
[1410.0]
[1410.1]
[1411.0]
[1411.1]
[1411.2]
[1411.3]
[1411.4]
[1412.0]
[1412.1]
[1412.2]
[1412.3]
[1412.4]
[1412.5]
[1412.6]
[1412.7]
[1413.0]
[1413.1]
[1414.0]
[1414.1]
[1415.0]
[1415.1]
[1416.0]
[1416.1]
[1416.2]
[1416.3]
[1416.4]
[1416.5]
[1416.6]
[1417.0]
[1417.1]
[1417.2]
[1417.3]
[1417.4]
[1417.5]
[1417.6]
[1417.7]
[1417.8]
[1417.9]
[1417.10]
[1417.11]
[1417.12]
[1417.14]
[1417.15]
[1417.16]
[1417.17]
Art. 11
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
848.04
848.05
848.06
848.07
848.08
848.09
848.10
848.11
848.12
Installations
Structural Adequacy
Chimneys
Masonry Fireplaces
Wood Burning Appliances
Factory-Built Fireplaces
Fireplace Heat Exchangers
and Fireplace Inserts
Imitation Fireplaces
Requirements
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
14-1 Reduction of Appliance Clearance With
Specified Forms of Protection
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-1400.1] 27-787 Scope. -This subchapter shall
establish the minimum safety requirements for, and
control the design, construction, installation, alteration,
and use of heating, combustion, fuel storage, and
related equipment. In addition, within special flood
hazard areas, and below the regulatory flood datum, as
described in article ten of subchapter four of this
chapter, heating, combustion, fuel storage and related
equipment shall meet the requirements of the applicable
provisions of reference standard RS 4-5.
[C26-1400.2] 27-788 Standards. -The provisions of
reference standard RS-14 shall be a part of this subchapter.
[C26-1400.3] 27-789 Definitions. -For definitions to
be used in the interpretation of this subchapter, see
subchapter two of this chapter.
[C26-1400.4] 27-790 Plans. -For the requirements
governing the filing of plans and the work to be shown
on plans, see subchapter one of this chapter.
[C26-1400.5] 27-791 Permits. -For the requirements
governing equipment work permits and equipment use
permits, see subchapter one of this chapter.
[C26-1400.6] 27-792 General requirements.All heating, combustion, and cooking equipment shall
be installed with adequate clearances from combustible
contruction in accordance with the provisions of this
subchapter. Either the equipment shall be provided with
insulation or the building construction shall be fire
protected, so that during continued or intermittent operation
the surface of combustible construction materials will not
be raised to a temperature higher than one hundred seventy
revision: July 1, 2008
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
[C26-1405.2] 27-802 Medium temperature equipment.Equipment whose products of combustion at the point
of leaving the equipment have a temperature of between
302
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
P x R x F
T x E
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
room with the tank and a visual and audible alarm shall be
located in a maintenance office. The enclosing and sealing
of switches and wiring shall conform to the requirements of
the electrical code of the city of New York for devices
located in an atmosphere of flammable vapors.
(c) Inside of buildings, below ground. (1) Storage tanks having a capacity greater than two
hundred seventy-five gallons may be buried inside a
building provided that the top of the tank is at least two
feet below floor level. In lieu of two feet of earth over
the tank, the tank may be covered by concrete flooring
having the same thickness as the basement floor, but not
less than four inch concrete meeting the requirement of
subchapter ten of this chapter and reinforced with two
inch by two inch mesh of at least no. 20 U.S. standard
gage [sic] steel wire. Tanks shall be placed in firm soil
and shall be surrounded by clean sand or well-tamped
earth, free from ashes and other corrosive substances,
and free from stones that will not pass through a one
inch mesh. When necessary to prevent floating, tanks
shall be securely anchored.
(2) No tank shall be buried within three feet of any
foundation wall or footing.
(d) Outside of building, below ground. (1) Storage tanks located outside of buildings and
below ground shall be buried with the top of the tank at
least two feet below ground. Tanks shall be placed in
firm soil and shall be surrounded by clean sand or welltamped earth, free from ashes or other corrosive
substance, and free from stones that will not pass a one
inch mesh. When necessary to prevent floating, tanks
shall be securely anchored.
(2) No tank shall be buried within three feet of any
foundation wall or footing.
(e) Outside of buildings, above ground. (1) Storage tanks of a capacity greater than two hundred
seventy-five gallons located outside of buildings above
ground shall be not less than one and one-quarter (1
1/4) tank diameters and in no case less than ten feet
from the line of adjoining property, the nearest building
or adjacent tank. The minimum clearance between
individual tanks located outside of buildings above
ground and the line of adjoining property which may be
built upon shall be fixed by the following formula:
M.C. = 10 + 4
G-275
5000
where:
M.C. = minimum clearance from nearest surface
of tank to adjoining property, in feet.
G = capacity of tank, in gallons.
The maximum allowable capacity of fuel oil storage
tanks located outside of buildings above ground shall be
one hundred thousand gallons.
(2) Tanks shall be located so as not to obstruct or
interfere with any means of egress.
(3) Each storage tank shall be protected by an embankment
or dike. Such protection shall have a capacity at least
one and one-half times the capacity of the tank so
surrounded and shall be at least four feet high, but in no
revision: October 1, 2004
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
[C26-1417.4] 27-836 Refuse collection rooms.A refuse collection room shall be provided for refuse
reduction systems which utilize methods other than
burning. Such rooms shall comply with the requirements
of section 27-837 of this article.
a. Existing refuse rooms and incinerators rooms which
have been approved for such use, may be retained as approved.
b. Existing incinerator combustion chambers may be used
in whole or in part as refuse collection rooms provided the
grates are removed and provided they comply with the
provisions of section 27-837 of this article.
c. Floors of refuse collection rooms shall be constructed of
concrete and shall be sloped to a floor drain within the
room, connected to the house drain. A hose connection
shall be provided within the room.
d. A hopper and cut-off door shall be provided at the
bottom of the refuse chute. Where compacting
equipment is used, it shall be located entirely within the
enclosure of the refuse collection room except that motors,
pumps, and controls may be installed in adjacent rooms.
e. Compacting equipment shall meet the criteria of the
department of environmental protection and be approved.
Where such equipment is installed so that the refuse
flows directly into it, the compacting equipment may be
used in place of the hopper and cut-off door.
Compacting equipment shall be arranged to operate
automatically when the level of refuse is not more than
three feet below the lowest hopper door.
revision: July 1, 2008
[C26-1417.5] 27-837 Incinerator rooms.Incinerators and refuse collecting bins and spaces shall be
located in rooms or compartments used for no other
purpose. Such rooms or compartments shall be separated
from all other occupancies by noncombustible construction
having a fire resistance of at least two hours with selfclosing opening protectives. Refuse collection bins and
spaces shall be sprinklered in accordance with the construction
provisions of subchapter seventeen of this chapter.
[C26-1417.6] 27-838 Ventilation.-Fixed ventilation
for combustion air to the incinerator room shall be
provided by a louvered opening in a wall to outdoor air.
When ducts are used, they shall be sized and installed so
as to provide the amount of air required for combustion,
taking into consideration head loss. Fans may be
installed to deliver air to the incinerator room, provided
they are in operation whenever the incinerator is in use.
Louvers, ducts, and fans shall be sized to deliver at least
two and one-half cfm of air for each pound per hour of
refuse while burning is taking place. All duct work shall
be installed in accordance with the requirements of
subchapter thirteen of this chapter.
[C26-1417.7] 27-839 Draft control.-If a manual
damper or automatic draft controller, is provided in the
incinerator flue, it shall be capable of closing off not
more than ninety-five percent of the flue area, and the
damper or controller shall be made of such materials and
in such a manner so as to prevent warping, binding,
cracking, corrosion, and distortion when exposed to
operating temperatures. If an automatic draft controller is
used, means shall be provided for temporary manual operation.
[C26-1417.8] 27-840 Charging chutes and exhaust flues.All incinerators shall be constructed with a flue within a
chimney to exhaust the products of combustion and a
refuse charging chute which shall be separate from the
flue. Refuse charging chutes shall not discharge directly
into incinerators, except in buildings classified in residential
occupancy group J and in accordance with the requirements
of this subchapter and subchapter fifteen of this chapter.
(a) Flues for existing incinerators and existing refuse
chutes may be used as refuse charging chutes provided
they are in good condition and comply with the requirements
of subchapter fifteen of this chapter.
[C26-1417.9] 27-841 Charging gates.-Charging gates,
when provided, shall be power operated. Gates and guide
rails shall be of such materials and construction so as to
withstand a temperature of two thousand degrees Fahrenheit,
without distortion, warping, binding, cracking, or corrosion,
and also to withstand impact by heavy falling objects.
[C26-1417.10] 27-842 Auxiliary heat. -Burners or
other sources of heat shall be provided for all incinerators.
Such heat sources shall be capable of maintaining a
temperature of at least fifteen hundred degrees **Farenheit
at the discharge from the combustion chamber, and shall
be equipped with safety devices to shut off the fuel in
cases of ignition failure, flame failure, or insufficient draft.
**As enacted but Fahrenheit probably intended.
310
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
313
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
27-848.08 Wood burning appliances: Installation. (a) Scope. Wood burning appliances include factorybuilt fireplaces, fireplace stoves, room heaters, and
fireplace inserts.
(b) Listing. Wood burning appliances shall be listed
and accepted and shall be installed in accordance with
the terms of their listing and acceptance.
(c) Location of appliances.
(1) Every appliance shall be located with respect to
building construction and other equipment so as to
permit access to the appliance. Sufficient clearance
shall be maintained to permit cleaning of surfaces, the
replacement of air filters, blowers, motors, controls and
chimney connectors, and the lubrication and servicing
of moving parts.
(2) Wood burning appliances shall not be installed in
confined spaces or alcoves. The minimum size of the
space or room in which the appliance is located shall be
three hundred cubic feet. There shall be at least one
openable window serving such space or room.
(3) Wood burning appliances shall not be installed in any
location where gasoline or any other flammable liquids,
vapors or gases are present or likely to be present.
(4) Wood burning appliances shall not be installed in any garage.
(d) Air for combustion and ventilation. Wood burning
appliances shall be installed in a location in which the
facilities for ventilation permit proper chimney draft and
maintenance of safe temperature under conditions of use
and provide sufficient air to prevent carbon monoxide
from entering the dwelling space. Appliances shall be
located so as not to interfere with proper circulation of air
within the heated space. Where buildings are so tightly
sealed that normal infiltration does not provide the
necessary air, outside air shall be introduced.
(e) Mounting for residential type appliances.
(1) Residential type wood burning appliances that are
tested and listed by an accepted national testing laboratory
for installation on floors constructed of combustible
materials shall be placed on such floors in accordance with
the requirements of the listing and the conditions of
acceptance. Such appliances which are not listed for
installation on combustible floors by an accepted national
testing laboratory shall be provided with floor protection in
accordance with the provisions of subdivision (g) of this
section. Residential type wood burning appliances are
permitted to be placed without floor protection in any of
the following manners:
a. on concrete bases adequately supported on compacted
soil, crushed rock or gravel;
b. on concrete slabs or masonry arches that do not have
combustible materials attached to the underside; or
c. on accepted assemblies constructed entirely of noncombustible materials, and having a fire resistance
315
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
As Wall
Protector
33%
As Ceiling
Protector
50%
33%
18
24
66%
50%
12
18
66%
12
66%
50%
12
18
66%
50%
12
18
66%
50%
12
18
66%
50%
12
18
Insulation material used as part of clearance reduction system shall have a thermal conductivity of 1.0(BTU-In.)/(Sq ft-Hr -F) or less.
Insulation board shall be formed of noncombustible material.
5
If a single wall connector passes through a masonry wall used as a wall shield, there shall be at least 1/2 in. of open, ventilated air space
between the connector and the masonry.
6
There shall be at least 2 in. between the appliance and the protector. In no case shall the clearance between the appliance and the wall surface be
reduced below that allowed in the table.
7
Clearances in front of the loading door and/or ash removal door of the appliance shall not be reduced from those in Section 8-6.
8
All clearances and thicknesses are minimums: larger clearances and thicknesses are acceptable. Clearances are not to be less than 12 in. from appliances.
9
To calculate the minimum allowable clearance, the following formula may be used: Cxpr = Cun x (1-R/100). Cpr is the minimum allowable
clearance. Cun is the required clearance with no protection, and R is the maximum allowable reduction in clearance.
10
Refer to Figures 14-11 and 14-12 for other reduced clearances using materials (a) through (h).
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
only the side and top edges open with an air gap of at
least two inches.
c. Wall protectors that cover two walls in a corner shall
be open at the bottom and top edges with an air gap of at
least two inches.
(4) All clearances shall be measured from the outer
surface of the combustible materials to the nearest point
on the surface of the wood burning appliance, disregarding any
intervening protection applied to the combustible materials.
(5) All clearances provided between wood burning
appliances and combustible materials shall be large
enough so as to maintain sufficient clearance between
chimney connectors and combustible materials as
required in subchapter fifteen of this chapter.
317
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
318
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
319
Title 27 / Subchapter 14
320
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
SUBCHAPTER 15
CHIMNEYS AND GAS VENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
[1500.0]
[1500.1]
[1500.2]
[1500.3]
[1500.4]
[1500.5]
[1500.6]
[1500.7]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Art.
or Sec.**
Art. 1
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
[1501.0]
[1501.1]
[1501.2]
[1501.3]
[1501.4]
Art. 2
856
857
858
859
[1501.5]
[1501.6]
[1501.7]
860
861
862
[1501.8]
863
863.01
[1501.9]
[1501.10]
[1501.11]
[1501.12]
864
865
866
867
[1501.13]
[1501.14]
868
869
[1502.0]
[1502.1]
869.01
869.02
869.03
Art. 3
870
[1502.2]
[1502.3]
871
872
[1502.4]
873
[1502.5]
874
[1503.0]
Art. 4
[1503.1]
875
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Plans
Permits
General Requirements
Factory-Built Chimneys
and Gas Vents
Chimneys
General Requirements
Classification of Chimneys
Cleanouts and Maintenance
Chimney Heights and
Locations
Adjoining Chimneys
Metal Chimneys
Materials Other Than Metal
for Construction of
Chimneys
Chimney Construction for
Low, Medium, and High
Temperature Equipment
Chimney Limitations and
Tests
Chimney Supports
Chimney Caps
Corbelling of Chimneys
Clearances From Masonry
and Concrete Chimneys
Smoke Test
Exhaust Gases from
Internal Combustion
Engines
Factory-Built Chimneys
Changes in Appliance Fuels
Reduction in Flue Size
Chimney Connectors
Chimney Connector
Construction
Chimney Connection
Chimney Connector
Clearances
Underground Chimney
Connectors
Annual Inspection of
Chimney Connectors
Incinerator Chimneys and
Refuse Charging Chutes
Charging Chutes for Refuse
Reduction
[1503.2]
876
[1503.3]
877
[1503.4]
878
[1504.0]
[1504.1]
[1504.2]
Art. 5
879
880
[1504.3]
[1504.4]
881
882
[1504.5]
883
[1504.6]
[1504.7]
[1504.8]
[1504.9]
[1504.10]
884
885
886
887
888
[1504.11]
[1504.12]
[1504.13]
[1505.0]
[1505.1]
[1505.2]
[1505.3]
[1505.4]
889
890
891
Art. 6
892
893
894
895
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
15-1
"F" Factor for Determining Chimney
Distances
15-2
Minimum Clearances Required From Any
Combustible Materials
15-3
Required Fire Resistance Ratings of
Enclosures for Metal Chimneys
15-4
Low Temperature Chimney Constructions
15-5
Medium Temperature Chimney Construction
15-6
High Temperature Chimney Construction
15-6.1 Chimney Limitations and Tests
15-7
Required Thickness of Galvanized Steel for
Connectors
15-8
Reduced Clearances for Chimney Connectors
with Specified Forms of Protection
15-9
Minimum Size of Charging Chutes
15-10 Vent Connector Clearance for Gas-Fired
Equipment
15-11 Reduced Clearances for Vent Connectors with
Specified Forms of Protection
321
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[1500.1] 27-849 Scope. -This subchapter shall
establish the minimum safety requirements for, and
control the design, construction, installation, alteration,
and use of chimneys and gas vents.
[1500.2] 27-850 Standards.- The provisions of
reference standard RS-15 shall be a part of this subchapter.
[1500.3] 27-851 Definitions. -For definitions to be
used in the interpretation of this subchapter, see
subchapter two of this chapter.
[1500.4] 27-852 Plans. -For the requirements governing
the filing of plans and the work to be shown on plans,
see subchapter one of this chapter.
[1500.5] 27-853 Permits. -For the requirements
governing equipment work permits and equipment use
permits, see subchapter one of this chapter.
[1500.6] 27-854 General requirements.Chimneys
or gas vents shall be designed and constructed so as to
provide the necessary draft and capacity to completely
exhaust the products of combustion to the outside air,
and to satisfy the following conditions:
(a) Temperature. -The temperature on adjacent combustible
surfaces shall not be raised above one hundred sixty
degrees Fahrenheit.
(b) Condensation. -The condensation shall not be developed
to an extent that can cause rapid deterioration of chimney
or vent.
*[1500.7] 27-855 Factory-built chimneys and gas vents.(a) Factory-built chimneys. -Factory-built chimneys
and chimney units shall be listed and accepted in
accordance with the applicable reference standard and
shall be installed in accordance with the temperature
conditions and height limitations of the listing and
acceptance, the manufacturer's instructions or this article,
whichever is the most restrictive. Flue gas temperatures
in the chimney shall not exceed the limits and durations
employed during listing tests and as required by this code.
(b) Gas vents. -Type B and Type BW gas vents shall be
listed and accepted in accordance with the conditions of
the acceptance and applicable provisions of this code.
*Local Law 80-1989.
ARTICLE 2 CHIMNEYS
[1501.1] 27-856 General requirements. (a) Equipment requiring chimneys.- All gas-burning
equipment that produces flue gas temperatures in excess of
five hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit or four hundred eighty
degrees Fahrenheit above room temperature, and all solid
and liquid fuel-burning equipment, shall be connected to
chimneys that conform to the requirements of this subchapter.
*(b) Chimney construction. -Unlisted chimneys shall be
constructed of steel, brick, masonry units, concrete,
concrete units, or equivalent materials. Chimneys shall be
322
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
323
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
Low Temperature
6
(c) Enclosure of interior metal chimneys. (1) Every interior metal chimney or part thereof erected
within buildings shall be enclosed with non-combustible
construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than
that prescribed in table 15-3 in all stories above the one in
which the equipment served thereby is located. Where the
metal chimney passes through a combustible roof, it shall
be guarded by a non-combustible ventilating thimble of
galvanized metal or equivalent non-combustible material
that extends at least nine inches below and above the roof
construction. The thimbles shall be of a size to provide
clearances on all sides of the metal chimney of at least six
inches for low temperature equipment and at least eighteen
inches for medium and high temperature equipment as
defined in subchapter fourteen of this chapter. However, if
the metal chimney is insulated and protected to prevent a
temperature of more than two hundred fifty degrees
Fahrenheit on its exterior surface the thimble clearance
may be reduced by fifty percent.
(2) The enclosure around a metal chimney shall
provide a space on all sides of the chimney to permit
inspection and repair for the entire chimney height.
When metal chimneys have a minimum dimension of
twenty-four inches in diameter and are completely
jacketed with noncombustible insulating material within
the required enclosure, access to permit inspection and
repair shall not be required.
(3) The enclosing construction shall be of noncombustible materials and shall have a fire resistance
rating as required in table 15-3 and shall be without
openings, except access openings equipped with opening
protectives constructed in accordance with the
requirements of subchapter five of this chapter, at floor
levels where necessary for complete inspection purposes.
(4) The required fire resistance ratings of table 15-3 for
the enclosure of a medium or high temperature metal
chimney may be reduced by one hour if the chimney
is insulated with an insulation adequate for the
temperature of the chimney and having at least a one
hour fire resistance rating at all sections of the insulation.
** TABLE 15-3 REQUIRED FIRE RESISTANCE
RATINGS OF ENCLOSURES FOR METAL
CHIMNEYS
Chimney
Classification
Low Temperature
Medium Temperature
High Temperature
324
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
Thickness
Lining Required
Type of Lining
Thickness
Air Space
Steel (for
exterior
chimneys)b
Not required
Steela (for
interior
chimneys)
Not required
Brick,
masonry
units, or stone
8 inchesc
Concrete
6 inchesc
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
Radial brick
7 inches
4 1/2
inches
Brick type H
or L, RS 15-7
8 inches
Not required
325
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
Thickness
Lining Required
Type of Lining
Thickness
Air Space
Steel
Same as for
low temp.
chimney
Lining is required
for full height of
chimney.
2 inches
None required
Medium-duty fireclay
refractory brick
(ASTM C64) or the
equivalent laid in
medium-duty
refractory mortar
(ASTM C105) or the
equivalent, RS 15-6.
Brick or
masonry
units
8 inches
Firebrick Type G, RS
15-6 laid in medium
refractory mortar, RS
15-7, or acid resistant
brick Type H or L,
Ref. Std. RS 15-8.
4 inches
None required
Concrete 6 inches
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
Stone
12 inches
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
Radial
brick
7 inches
ditto
ditto
Brick
masonry
units,
stone, or
concrete
Double wall
construction,
each wall 8
inches thick
5/8 inch
[1501.9] 27-864 Chimney supports.(a) Chimneys shall not be supported by the equipment
they serve unless such equipment has been specifically
designed for such loads.
(b) An exterior metal chimney shall be supported on an
independent substantial masonry or concrete foundation
designed in accordance with the provisions of subchapters
ten and eleven of this chapter. Interior metal chimneys
may be supported on noncombustible construction at
intermediate levels.
(c) Masonry and concrete chimneys may be designed
and constructed as free standing, or as constituting an
integral part of a wall, or may be enclosed within a
structure without constituting a component part thereof.
326
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
Thickness
Lining Required
Same as for low For full height of
temp. chimney
chimney
Brick masonry
or concrete
4 inches
Double wall
Inner course of Firebrick same as
construction
inner wall shall be above for steel
with each wall 8 a firebrick, form 2 chimneys, except no
inches thick and feet below connector castable refractory
to full height of
permitted.
an intervening
chimney
air space
Steel as above,
For full height of
with a single 8 in. chimney
masonry or 6 in.
concrete wall and
an intervening
air space.
Radial Brick
7 inches
Type of Lining
Thickness
Air Space
High-duty fireclay
4 inches None required
refractory brick
(ASTM C64) or the
equivalent not less
than 4 in. thick
laid on a full width
bed in high- duty
refractory mortar
(ASTM C105) or the
equivalent, RS 15-6.
None required
*TABLE 15-6.1 CHIMNEY LIMITATIONS AND TESTS FOR SOLID FUEL FIREPLACES, FIREPLACE
STOVES AND ROOM HEATERS
Occupancy
J-2 & J-3 limited to 40
feet and three stories
J-2 & J-3 limited
to 75 feet
All other
occupancies and
all buildings
greater than 75 feet
in height
Reference
Standard
RS 15-15
RS 15-9
RS 15-12
Test Standard
Temperature
Number of Tests
UL 127, as
Modified
1700oF
1 test
UL 103HT
2100 oF 10 min.
3 tests
ULC 629M
3 tests
2100 F 30 min.
RS 15-10
UL 959
2100 F to Equilibrium
and 2300 oF 30 min.
1 test
3 tests
Table 15-6 of
subdivision (c) of
section 27-863 and
Section 27-861
No Standard
No test
327
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
[1501.13] 27-868 Smoke test. (a) General. -When required by the commissioner to
determine the tightness of chimney constructions, a
smoke test shall be made in accordance with the
following conditions and requirements:
328
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
*27-869.02 Changes in appliance fuels. (a) Conversion from gas to fuel oil or wood for
heating appliances shall be made only if:
(1) the chimney design meets the requirements of this
subchapter for the conversion fuel; and
(2) the chimney size is adequate to vent the combustion
products from the new fuel.
(b) Conversion from solid or liquid fuels to natural
gas fuels for heating appliances shall be made only if:
(1) the chimney design meets the requirements of this
subchapter for the conversion fuel;
(2) the chimney is thoroughly cleaned prior to the
conversion to remove collected flue deposits, which can
spall off when gas is used as a fuel;
(3) the chimney size is recalculated for the new fuel;
(4) drains are installed to remove condensed water; and
(5) gas vents are installed within the chimney for venting
purposes if required by the appliance listing.
*Local Law 80-1989.
*
27-869.03 Reduction in flue size. -Conversion from
one fuel to another or the use of an existing chimney to
service a fireplace or wood burning appliance may
require a flue size change for proper operation. This
may be done if the redesigned flue meets the criteria for
the fuel and chimney type to be used as set forth in this
subchapter.
(a) Individual fireclay flue linings, in conformance
with reference standard RS 15-14 or the equivalent not
less than five-eighths inch thick, may be used but shall
be carefully bedded one on the other in medium-duty
fireclay refractory mortar in conformance with reference
standard RS 15-6 or the equivalent as determined by the
commissioner, with close fitting joints left smooth on
the inside. Linings shall be separate from the chimney
wall and the space between the liner and masonry shall
not be filled; only enough mortar shall be used to make
a good joint and hold the liners in position.
(b) Cast in place chimney linings. (1) Cast in place linings shall be installed in accordance
with reference standard RS 15-16 and with their listing
and acceptance.
(2) The applicant prior to the installation of the lining
shall verify that the chimney meets the requirements of
reference standard RS 15-4 and is in a sound and
uncracked condition, that spalling has been removed
and that there are no carbon or creosote deposits.
*Local Law 80-1989.
329
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
[1502.3] 27-872 Chimney connector clearances. (a) From combustible construction. -The minimum
distance between the chimney connector and any
combustible material or construction shall be:
(1) eighteen inches for chimney connectors from low
temperature equipment.
Type of protection
Applied to the combustible material and covering all
surfaces within the distance specified as the required
clearance with no protection. Thicknesses are minimum
(a) 0.027 in. (23 gage) [sic] sheet metal spaced out 1in.
(b) 3 in. thick masonry wall spaced out 1 in. and
adequately tied to the wall being protected. (see Note 4.)
(c) 0.027 in. (23 gage) [sic] sheet metal on 1 in. mineral wool
batts reinforced with wire or equivalent spaced out in 1 in.
18 in.
18 in.
9 in.
9 in.
9 in.
4 in.
6 in.
6 in.
2 in.
12 in.
3 in.
2 in.
2 in.
[1502.4] 27-873 Underground chimney connectors.Underground chimney connectors shall be covered with
at least twelve inches of solid masonry or an equivalent
insulation. Each cleanout opening shall be provided
with double iron doors or covers, and the doors or
covers shall be twelve inches apart with the intervening
space filled with insulating material. The doors or
covers shall be not less than 10 manufacturers standard
gage [sic]. No combustible flooring shall be permitted
over such connectors.
[1502.5] 27-874 Annual inspection of chimney connectors.Chimney connectors for boilers subject to section two
hundred four of the labor law shall be inspected at least
once a year by the commissioner or by a duly authorized
insurance company, as provided in subdivision (b) of
section 27-793 of article two of subchapter fourteen of
this chapter and shall be subject to procedures listed
therein.
ARTICLE 4 INCINERATOR CHIMNEYS AND
REFUSE CHARGING CHUTES
[1503.1] 27-875 Charging chutes for refuse reduction.Charging chutes shall be constructed in accordance
with the following requirements:
(a) Directly connected. -When directly connected to
the combustion chamber of an incinerator, the chutes
shall be gas tight with smooth linings and shall conform
to the following:
330
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
[1503.4] 27-878 Incinerator chimney connectors. (a) The chimney connector from the combustion
chamber of an auxiliary fuel-fired incinerator shall be
constructed of metal at least as heavy as no. 16
manufacturers standard gage [sic] when twelve inches
or less in diameter or greater dimension, and of metal at
least as heavy as no. 12 manufacturers standard gage
[sic] when they exceed twelve inches in diameter or
greater dimension.
(b) Chimney connectors from auxiliary fuel-fired
incinerators shall be lined with firebrick, laid in fire clay
mortar, at least two and one-half inches thick when they
are between twelve inches and eighteen inches in
diameter or greater dimension and at least four and onehalf inches thick when they are larger; where no flue gas
temperature reduction is effected the chimney connectors
shall be equipped with a guillotine or horizontal sliding
damper or butterfly damper interlocked with the fuel
firing controls so that operation of the incinerator occurs
TABLE 15-9 MINIMUM SIZE OF CHARGING CHUTES when the damper is open. If chimney connectors from
auxiliary fuel-fired incinerators lead into and combine
If Square
If Round
Building Height Location
with chimney connectors from other equipment, the
connectors from the other equipment shall also be lined
7 stories or less All 7 stories 22 "
x 22 " 24" dia.
as required for direct flue connections unless the cross8 to 30 stories Top 7 stories 22 "
x 22 " 24" dia.
sectional area of the connector into which they lead is at
x 27"
8th to 30th from 27"
30" dia.
least four times their required cross-sectional area.
the top
(c) Chimney connectors for an auxiliary fuel-fired
x 22 " 24" dia.
31 stories and Top 7 stories 22 "
incinerator to a boiler stack or chimney for [sic] high
x 27"
30" dia.
over
8th to 30th from 27"
temperature heating equipment shall be permitted when
the top
the cross-sectional area of such stack or chimney is at least four
32
x 32"
Remaining
36" dia.
times that of the incinerator chimney connector.
lower
(d) The clearance of incinerator chimney connectors from
combustible material or construction shall be at least thirty[1503.2] 27-876 Chimneys for building service
six inches. This clearance may be reduced as outlined in
incinerators.- Chimneys for building service incinerators
331
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
[1504.2] 27-880 Equipment not required to be vented.(a) Ranges for which a vent is not required by
reference standard RS 15-2.
(b) Built-in domestic cooking units for which a vent is
not required by reference standard RS 15-2.
(c) Hot plates and laundry stoves.
(d) Type 1 clothes dryers.
(*e) Water heaters with inputs not over five thousand
Btu/hr. (See note below.)
(*f) Automatically controlled instantaneous water
heaters that supply water to a single faucet which is
attached to and made a part of the equipment.
(*g) A single booster type (automatic instantaneous)
water heater when designed and used solely for the
sanitizing rinse requirements of a national sanitation
foundation class one, two or three dishwashing machine,
provided that the input is limited to fifty thousand Btu/hr.
The storage capacity is limited to twelve and one-half
gallons and the heater is installed in a commercial kitchen
having a mechanical exhaust system.
(*h) Refrigerators.
(*i) Counter equipment.
(*j) Room heaters for which a vent is not required by
reference standard RS 15-0.
(*k) Other equipment for which a vent is not required
and which are not provided with flue collars.
(*l) Specialized equipment of limited input such as
laboratory burners or gas lights.
*See notes at end of Section 27-880.
Local Law 80-1989.
Notes:
When any, or all, of the equipment marked with an asterisk (*) is
installed so that the aggregate input rating exceeds thirty Btu/hr. per
cubic foot of room or space in which it is installed, one or more
pieces of the equipment shall be provided with a venting system or
other equivalent means for removing the vent gases to the outdoor air
so that the aggregate input rating of the remaining unvented
equipment does not exceed the thirty Btu/hr. per cubic foot figure.
When the room or space in which such equipment is installed is
directly connected to another room or space by a doorway, archway,
or other opening of comparable size, which cannot be closed, the
volume of such adjacent room or space may be included in the
calculations.
[1504.3] 27-881 Draft hoods. (a) All vented equipment, except dual oven type
combination ranges, equipment with sealed combustion
[1504.4] 27-882 Chimneys for venting gas-fired equipment.When venting of gas-fired equipment is provided for by the
use of chimneys, such chimneys shall be constructed in
accordance with the requirements of this subchapter.
[1504.5] 27-883 Gas equipment connected to chimneys.Automatically controlled gas-fired equipment connected to
a chimney that also serves equipment for the combustion
of solid or liquid fuel shall be equipped with an automatic
pilot. A gas-fired equipment vent connector and a
chimney connector from equipment burning another fuel,
located on the same floor, may be connected into the
same chimney through separate openings, or may be
connected through a single opening if joined by a suitable
fitting located as close as practicable to the chimney. If
two or more openings are provided into one chimney,
they shall be at different levels.
[1504.6] 27-884 Types of gas vents. (a) Type B gas vents. -Type B gas vents conforming to
the requirements of section 27-855 of article one of this
subchapter may be used to vent gas-fired equipment. Type
B gas vents may be used for single-story or multi-story
installations when they conform to the requirements of
section 27-855 of article one of this subchapter and the gas
equipment used in multi-story installations shall be
accepted for such use. Type B gas vents shall be used to
vent only listed gas appliances with draft hoods and other
gas appliances listed for use with Type B gas vents.
However, Type B gas vents shall not be used for venting:
(1) vented wall furnaces listed for use with Type BW
gas vents only;
(2) incinerators;
(3) appliances which may be converted readily to the
use of solid or liquid fuels;
(4) combination gas-oil burning appliances;
(5) appliances listed for use with chimneys only.
Local Law 80-1989.
332
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
333
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
the new location of the outlet of the offset gas vent shall
comply with the requirements of this subchapter.
(b) Protection of draft. -After the alteration of a gas
vent as described in subdivision (a) of this section, it
shall be the responsibility of the owner of the new or
altered building to provide any mechanical devices or
equipment necessary to maintain the proper draft in the
equipment.
(c) Written notification. -The owner of the new or
altered building shall notify the owner of the building
affected in writing at least forty-five days before
starting the work and request written consent to do such
work. Such notice shall be accompanied by a written
description or a plan showing how the proposed
alterations are to be made.
(d) Approval. -The method of correction shall be
subject to the approval of the commissioner.
(e) Refusal of consent. -If consent is not granted by
the owner of the previously constructed or altered
building to do the alteration work required by paragraph
one of subdivision (a) of this section, such owner shall
signify his or her refusal in writing to the owner of the
new or altered building and to the commissioner, and
the owner of the new or altered building has submitted
plans that conform to the requirements of this section, he
or she shall thereupon be released from any responsibility
for the operation of his or her equipment and for any
health hazard or nuisance that may occur as a result of
the newly erected or modified building. Such responsibilities
shall then be assumed by the owner of the previously
constructed building. Likewise, should such owner neglect
to grant consent within forty-five days from the date of
written request or fail to signify his or her refusal, he or
she shall then assume all responsibilities as prescribed
above.
(f) Procedures. -It shall be the obligation of the owner
of the new or altered building to:
(1) Schedule this work so as to create a minimum of
disturbance to the occupants of the affected building.
(2) Provide such essential services as are normally
supplied by the equipment while it is out of service.
(3) Where necessary, support such extended gas vents
from his or her building or carry up such vents within
his or her building.
(4) Provide for the maintenance, repair, and/or replacement
of such alterations.
(5) Make such alterations of the same material as the
original gas vent except where the owner of the vent
affected shall give his or her consent to do otherwise.
All work shall be done in such fashion as to maintain
the architectural esthetics of the existing building.
(g) Existing violations. -Any existing violations on the
previously constructed equipment shall be corrected by
the owner of the equipment before any equipment is
added or alterations made at the expense of the owner
of the new or altered building.
(h) The commissioner may grant a variance in accordance
with the provisions of section 27-107 of article one of
subchapter one of this chapter.
334
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
Boiler
Warm air furnace
Water heater
Room Heater
Floor furnace
Conversion burner (with draft hood)
Equipment with draft hoods
Equipment without draft hoods
TABLE 15-11 REDUCED CLEARANCES FOR VENT CONNECTORS WITH SPECIFIED FORMS OF PROTECTIONa
9 in.
6
4
4
6 in.
3
2
2
9
18
4
9
2
6
3
18
18
2
9
9
2
4
3
335
Title 27 / Subchapter 15
336
Title 27 / Subchapter 16
SUBCHAPTER 16
PLUMBING AND GAS PIPING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
*
or Sec.]
Art. **
or Sec.
[1600.0]
[1600.1]
[1600.2]
[1600.3]
[1600.4]
[1600.5]
[1600.6]
[1600.7]
Art. 1
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
[1600.8]
[1600.9]
[1600.10]
903
904
905
[1601.0]
[1601.1]
[1601.2]
[1601.3]
Art. 2
906
907
908
[1602.0]
[1602.1]
[1602.2]
[1602.3]
[1603.0]
Art. 3
909
910
911
Art. 4
[1603.1]
[1604.0]
[1604.1]
[1604.2]
[1604.3]
[1605.0]
912
Art. 5
913
914
915
Art. 6
[1605.1]
[1605.2]
916
917
[1605.3]
[1606.0]
[1606.1]
[1606.2]
[1606.3]
918
Art. 7
919
920
921
[1606.4]
922
Art. 8
922.1
922.2
922.3
922.4
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Plans
Permits
General Requirements
Use of Nonconforming
Material or Equipment
Fire Protection
Establishing Gas Supply
Alterations to Gas Piping
Systems
Water Supply Systems
Public Water Supply
Private Water Supply
Cross-Connection of
Supplies and Identification
Drainage Systems
Permits
Individual Sewage Systems
Construction
Hospital and Institutional
Plumbing
Requirements
Swimming Pools
Requirements
Construction
Operation
Existing Buildings and
Installations
General
Existing Soil and Vent
Stacks
Existing Gas Meter Rooms
Inspections and Tests
Inspection
Notification
Testing of Plumbing and Gas
Piping Systems
Requirements
Minimum Water Closets in
Places of Public Assembly
Definitions
Applicability
Minimum Requirements
Waivers
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
16-1 Minimum Number of Water Closets for Specified
Places of Assembly
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[1600.1] 27-896 Scope.-The provisions of this subchapter
shall establish and control the minimum requirements
for the design, installation, alteration, repair, and maintenance
of plumbing systems, including gas piping, sanitary and
storm drainage, industrial and special wastes, sanitary
facilities, water supplies and storm water and sewage
disposal, except where specific exemptions are made in
the code. All installation, alteration, repair, and maintenance
work shall be performed by or under the direct supervision
of a licensed master plumber, except as follows:
(a) Minor alterations and ordinary repairs as defined and
delimited in article five of subchapter one of this chapter.
(b) Installation of gas service piping and gas meter piping
may be performed by a utility corporation that is subject to
the jurisdiction of the public service commission, provided
that the corporation maintains and services such piping.
(c) Emergency repairs to alleviate hazardous conditions
in gas distribution piping may be performed by a utility
corporation which is subject to the jurisdiction of the
Public Service Commission, subject to the requirements
of section 27-176 of article fifteen of subchapter one of
this chapter.
[1600.2] 27-897 Standard.-The provisions of reference
standard RS-16 shall be a part of this subchapter.
337
Title 27 / Subchapter 16
338
Title 27 / Subchapter 16
339
Title 27 / Subchapter 16
340
Title 27 / Subchapter 16
341
Title 27 / Subchapter 16
[1606.4] 27-922 Requirements.(a) Drainage and vent systems.(1) ROUGH PLUMBING.-Except for outside
leaders and perforated or open jointed drain tile (subsoil
drains), the piping of plumbing drainage and venting
systems shall be verified as to materials and shall be
tested upon completion of the rough piping installation
and proven to be watertight. The commissioner may
require the removal of any cleanout plugs to ascertain
that the prescribed pressure has been reached in all
parts of the system.
a. Water Test.-A water test shall be applied to the
drainage system either in its entirety or in sections after
rough piping has been installed. If applied to the entire
system, all openings in the piping, except the highest
opening, shall be tightly closed and the system filled
with water to the point of overflow. If the system is
tested in sections, each opening, except the highest
opening of the section under test, shall be tightly
plugged and each section filled with water. No section
shall be tested with less than a ten foot head of water. In
testing successive sections, at least the upper ten feet of
the following section shall be tested, so that no joint or
pipe in the building (except the uppermost ten feet of
the system) shall have been submitted to a test of less
than ten foot head of water. The water shall be kept in
the system or in the portion under test for a least fifteen
minutes before inspection starts; the system shall then
be tight at all points.
b. Air test.-An air test may be used only when
permission for this type of test is obtained from the
commissioner. The air test shall be made by attaching
an air compressor testing apparatus to any suitable
opening and, after closing all other inlets and outlets of
the system, forcing air into the system until there is a
uniform gauge pressure of * five psi. This pressure shall
be held, without introducing additional air, for a period
of at least fifteen minutes.
*Corrected by Local Law 17-2001.
342
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344
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
SUBCHAPTER 17
FIRE ALARM, DETECTION AND
EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
Art.
or Sec.**
[1700.0]
[1700.1]
[1700.2]
[1700.3]
[1700.4]
[1700.5]
[1700.6]
[1700.7]
Art. 1
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
929.1
[1701.0]
Art. 2
[1701.1]
[1701.2]
[1702.0]
[1702.1]
[1702.2]
930
931
Art. 3
932
933
[1702.3]
934
[1702.4]
935
[1702.5]
[1702.6]
[1702.7]
[1702.8]
[1702.9]
936
937
938
939
940
[1702.10]
[1702.11]
[1702.12]
[1702.13]
[1702.14]
941
942
943
944
945
[1702.15]
[1702.16]
946
947
[1702.17]
948
[1702.18]
[1702.19]
[1702.20]
[1702.21]
[1702.22]
949
950
951
952
953
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Plans
Permits
General Requirements
Retroactive Requirements
Retroactive Requirements for
Office Buildings One Hundred
Feet or More in Height
Existing Buildings-Fire
Extinguishing Equipment
Existing Standpipes
Existing Sprinklers
Standpipe Requirements
When Required
Yard Hydrant Systems
Required
Standpipe Systems in
Structures being Erected or
Demolished
Number of Standpipe Risers
Required
Location of Standpipe Risers
Omission of Standpipe Service
Size of Standpipe Risers
Devices Used in System
Siamese Connections
Required
Cross Connections
Hose Stations
Maximum Pressures
Pressure Reducing Valves
Water Supply for Standpipe
Systems
Fire Pumps
Direct Connections of
Standpipes to the Public
Water System
Installation of Private Fire
Hydrants
Protection of Standpipe System
Standards for Installation
Inspections and Tests
Standpipe Signal Systems
Elevators for Fire
Department Use
[1703.0]
Art. 4
[1703.1]
[1703.2]
[1703.3]
954
955
956
[1703.4]
[1703.5]
[1703.6]
[1703.7]
[1703.8]
[1703.9]
957
958
959
960
961
962
[1703.10]
963
[1703.11]
964
[1703.12]
965
[1703.13]
966
[1703.14]
967
[1704.0] Art. 5
[1704.1]
[1704.2]
[1704.3]
[1704.4]
968
969
970
971
[1704.5]
972
[1704.6]
973
[1704.7]
974
[1704.8]
975
[1704.9]
[1704.10]
[1705.0]
[1705.1]
[1705.2]
976
977
Art. 6
978
979
[1705.3]
980
[1705.4]
981
Art. 7
981.1
981.2
981.3
Automatic Sprinkler
Requirements
Required Sprinkler
Smoke Detector Alternate
Standard for Installation of
Sprinklers
Sprinkler Alarm System
Approved Devices
Siamese Connections Required
Piping from Siamese Connection
Classification of Water Supplies
Sources of Water Supply for
Sprinkler Systems
Direct Connection of
Sprinklers to the Public
Water System
Sprinkler Booster Pumps
Gravity and Pressure Tanks
Protection of Sprinkler System
Inspections and Tests
Interior Fire Alarm and
Signal System
Where Required
Approvals
Existing Installations
Classification and General
Requirements of Fire Alarm
Systems
Systems Required for Specific
Occupancies
Location and Identification of
Sending Stations and Sounding
Devices
Standpipe Fireline Telephone
and Signaling Systems
Communication System and
Fire Command Station
Installation
Fire Systems Electrical Tests
Smoke Detecting Devices
Definitions
Smoke Detecting Devices;
Where Required
Power Sources of Smoke
Detecting Devices
General Requirements for
Smoke Detecting Devices
Carbon Monoxide Detecting Devices
Definitions
Carbon Monoxide Detecting
Devices; Where Required
General Requirements for
Carbon Monoxide Detecting
Devices
345
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
17-1 Size of Standpipe Risers
17-2 Summary of Sprinkler Requirements
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[1700.1] 27-923 Scope.-The provisions of this subchapter
shall establish and control the minimum requirements for
the design and installation of standpipe, sprinkler, fire alarm,
and fire detection systems except for fire alarm systems in
factory and mercantile buildings and where specific
exemption is made in this code. Alterations or additions to
existing systems shall comply with the requirements of this
subchapter regardless of magnitude or cost.
[1700.2] 27-924 Standards.-The provisions of reference
standard RS-17 shall be part of this subchapter.
[1700.3] 27-925 Definitions.-For definitions to be used
in the interpretation of this subchapter, see subchapter
two of this chapter.
[1700.4] 27-926 Plans.-For the requirements governing
the filing of plans and the work to be shown on plans,
see subchapter one of this chapter.
[1700.5] 27-927 Permits.- For the requirements governing
equipment work permits, equipment use permits, see
subchapter one of this chapter.
[1700.6] 27-928 General requirements.-All systems
of standpipes, sprinklers, fire alarms, and fire detectors
and all component devices thereof, as required by this
subchapter specifically and by subchapters four, five,
seven and eight of this chapter shall be installed in
accordance with the provisions of this subchapter.
[1700.7] *27-929 Retroactive requirements.-The provisions
of this subchapter shall apply retroactively for the specific
occupancies indicated in subdivisions (j) and (s) of
section 27-954 and paragraph ten of subdivision (a) of
section 27-968 of this subchapter. An application noting
compliance shall be required to be filed on or before
April thirteenth, nineteen hundred seventy-nine; and
installation shall be required on or before January
thirteenth, nineteen hundred eighty, except as otherwise
provided in this code.
*Local Law 16-1987.
346
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[1702.4] 27-935 Number of standpipe risers required.The number of standpipe risers shall be such that every
point of every floor can be reached by a twenty foot
stream from a nozzle attached to not more than one
hundred twenty-five feet of hose connected to a riser
outlet valve.
[1702.5] 27-936 Location of standpipe risers.(a) Standpipe risers and two and one-half inch
angle hose valves shall be located within stairway
enclosures. For additional requirements see section 27343 of article five of subchapter five and subdivision (j)
of section 27-375 of article five of subchapter six of this
chapter. When stairway enclosures are not available
within the distance limitations of section 27-935 of this
article, the standpipe risers and two and one-half inch
angle hose valves shall be located as near to the
enclosure as practicable, subject to the approval of the
commissioner. A metal sign with one inch lettering
indicating the location of the outlet shall be provided in
the stair enclosure on each floor where the riser is not
located in the enclosure.
(b) No standpipe riser shall be placed in any shaft
containing a gas or fuel pipeline.
[1702.6] 27-937 Omission of standpipe service.(a) Standpipe outlets may be omitted in portions of
first floors or basements that are completely separated
from the entrance hall or enclosed stairways leading to
the upper floors, provided portable fire extinguishers are
installed, subject to the approval of the commissioner.
(b) Standpipe protection shall be omitted from
transformer vaults, high-tension switchboard rooms,
and other locations where the use of hose streams
would be hazardous. Any space or room that houses
equipment of such nature that the use of water would be
ineffective in fighting the fire, or would be hazardous,
shall have a conspicuous metal sign on each door
opening on such space or room stating the nature of the
use and the warning: "Use No Water."
[1702.7] 27-938 Size of standpipe risers.-The size of
standpipe risers shall be in accordance with Table 17-1.
TABLE 17-1 SIZE OF STANDPIPE RISERS
Minimum Riser Size
1
Required (I.P.S.)
Height
150 ft. or less...
4 in.
Greater than 150 ft..
6 in.
Note for Table 17-1:
1
The height shall be that of the individual riser to the highest hose
outlet (not including manifold outlets) from the level of the entrance
floor at street level at which the riser begins.
348
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
347
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
[1702.4] 27-935 Number of standpipe risers required.The number of standpipe risers shall be such that every
point of every floor can be reached by a twenty foot
stream from a nozzle attached to not more than one
hundred twenty-five feet of hose connected to a riser
outlet valve.
[1702.5] 27-936 Location of standpipe risers.(a) Standpipe risers and two and one-half inch
angle hose valves shall be located within stairway
enclosures. For additional requirements see section 27343 of article five of subchapter five and subdivision (j)
of section 27-375 of article five of subchapter six of this
chapter. When stairway enclosures are not available
within the distance limitations of section 27-935 of this
article, the standpipe risers and two and one-half inch
angle hose valves shall be located as near to the
enclosure as practicable, subject to the approval of the
commissioner. A metal sign with one inch lettering
indicating the location of the outlet shall be provided in
the stair enclosure on each floor where the riser is not
located in the enclosure.
(b) No standpipe riser shall be placed in any shaft
containing a gas or fuel pipeline.
[1702.6] 27-937 Omission of standpipe service.(a) Standpipe outlets may be omitted in portions of
first floors or basements that are completely separated
from the entrance hall or enclosed stairways leading to
the upper floors, provided portable fire extinguishers are
installed, subject to the approval of the commissioner.
(b) Standpipe protection shall be omitted from
transformer vaults, high-tension switchboard rooms,
and other locations where the use of hose streams
would be hazardous. Any space or room that houses
equipment of such nature that the use of water would be
ineffective in fighting the fire, or would be hazardous,
shall have a conspicuous metal sign on each door
opening on such space or room stating the nature of the
use and the warning: "Use Npo Water."
[1702.7] 27-938 Size of standpipe risers.-The size of
standpipe risers shall be in accordance with Table 17-1.
TABLE 17-1 SIZE OF STANDPIPE RISERS
Minimum Riser Size
Required (I.P.S.)
Height1
150 ft. or less...
4 in.
Greater than 150 ft..
6 in.
Note for Table 17-1:
1
The height shall be that of the individual riser to the highest hose
outlet (not including manifold outlets) from the level of the entrance
floor at street level at which the riser begins.
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17 17
Title
27/ /Subchapter
Subchapter
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17 17
Title
27/ /Subchapter
Subchapter
(b) Standpipe pump rooms and location.(1) Fire pumps shall be installed at the entrance
floor level or below, in rooms enclosed by noncombustible
construction having a two hour fire-resistance rating
and that are adequately heated, ventilated, lighted, and
drained. The pump room shall have access to the street
level by a direct opening to a street or a court, or by a
passageway or stairway having a fire-resistance rating
of at least two hours.
(2) No person shall install other machinery or
mechanical equipment in a fire pump room, unless the
building is of construction class IA, IB, or IC.
**(3) No person shall place or install any equipment
containing a refrigerant classified in groups A1, A2,
A3, B1, B2 or B3 in subchapter thirteen of this chapter,
or place or install gas piping or gas consuming devices
or any other equipment within any space housing a fire
pump that would create a hazardous condition.
(c) Power supply for standpipe fire pumps.-The
type of fire pump and prime mover used in a standpipe
system shall be suitable for the required service in a
standpipe system provided for fire department use. If
the prime mover employs any form of power other than
an electric current supplied by a public utility, the use
thereof shall be subject to the approval of the
commissioner. Electrical power to the motor shall be
taken from the street side of the house service switch.
(d) Combined use of fire pumps for standpipe and
automatic sprinkler systems.-A fire pump that furnishes
the required auxiliary water supply either to a standpipe
system or to an automatic sprinkler system shall be
accepted as furnishing the corresponding water supply
to the other system if such pump is in the same
premises, provided that in every such case of combined
use, suitable relief and shutoff valves shall be installed
so as to prevent the water pressure on the automatic
sprinkler system resulting from any required operation
of the pump for the standpipe system from becoming
greater than one hundred seventy-five psig.
**Local Law 32-2004.
352
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
(b) Water supply to standpipe fire pumps.(1) Any required manual or automatic fire pump
shall draw from two independent street water mains in
different streets, except that: (i) any manual or
automatic fire pump serving a building classified in
occupancy group J-2 that is fully protected by a system
of automatic sprinklers may draw from a single water
main; and (ii) an automatic fire pump may draw from a
single water main if augmented by a suction tank or
tanks, and if the valves at the meter and pump are
provided with tamper switches that are wired to an
approved central station of an operating fire alarm
company. Where two services are installed, one service
from the street water main shall be run directly to the
pump, and the other service may be used for domestic
water supply. The connection from water to the mains
to the pumps shall be at least six inch pipe size and
shall be flushed before connection is made to the
system. Connections shall be in accordance with
subchapter sixteen of this chapter.
(2) In the event that two separate and distinct
water mains are not available as a supply or the street
mains cannot produce the required supply, there shall
be provided a suction tank, or tanks, suitably located
and of sufficient capacity to furnish the fire pump with
at least a one-half hour supply at the rated capacity of
such pump. Suction tanks shall be filled by a six inch
connection to the water main, controlled by an
automatic ball float valve in the suction tank. A six inch
bypass shall be provided so that pumps may be fed
directly from the street water main.
(3) When a water service supplies both the
domestic service and the manual fire pump, a remote
control valve shall be placed on the domestic service
connection at the point where such connection is taken
from the city supply or service main. Such remote
control valve shall be controlled from a point near the
pump control panel. In lieu of a remote control valve, a
manually operated valve may be installed to shut off the
entire domestic water supply to the building, provided
such valve is located in the fire pump room and is
properly tagged for identification.
353
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
354
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
355
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
Central Station
Partial
Required
Siamese
Automatic System Connection Alternate
(27-955)
Required
Sources Permit- to Domestic Permitted
(27-959)
ted
Permitted (27-955)
Required
(27-967)
a
High Hazard Bldg. Group A
2
No
No
No
Yes
None
(27-954(a))
27-961(c)
a
High Hazard Spaces b Group A
1
Yes
No
No
27-959 (a)(3)
None
(27-954(b))
27-961(c)
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
a
Storage Occupancy Bldg.
1
No
No
No
Yes
None
Group B1 (27-954(c))
27-961(c)
a
**Storage Occupancy Spaces
1
Yes
Yes
No
27-959 (a)(3)
None
Group B1 (27-954(d))
27-962(c)
If over 36 heads
And Permitted Below Grade
in a fire section
Flammable/Combustible
Storage Spaces in Mercantile
Establishments (27-954(aa)
a
Storage Occupancy Spaces
1
Yes
No
No
27-959 (a)(3)
None
Group B2 (27-954(e))
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
a
Mercantile Occupancy
2 sources if No
No
No
Yes
None
Spaces Groups C
exceeding
Exceeding 7,500 sq. ft.
20,000 sq. ft.
(27-954(f))
1 source if
not more
than 20,000
sq. ft.
a
Industrial Occupancy Bldg. 1 source if
No
No
No
Yes
None
Group D-1, When required by
not
Labor Law
hazardous
(27-954(g))
occupancy
a
Industrial Occupancy
1
No
No
No
Yes
None
SpacesGroup D-1,
exceeding 7,500 sq. ft.
(27-954(h))
a
Business Occupancy Spaces
1
Yes
Yes and/
No
Yes
None
Group E Showrooms when
or StandRequired by (27-954(i))
pipe Riser
a
Assembly Occupancy
Spaces
1
Yes
Yes
No
27-959 (a)(3)
None
a
Group F-1 (27-954(j))
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
Automatic Dry
b
Sprinkler
Water Flow
Permitted
Alarm Required
(27-957)
(5212 of RS-17)
Yes
Yes
Dry Nonautomatic
Sprinklerc
Permitted
No
Yes
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yesb
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
Yes
No
Yesb
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
356
356
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Drying AreasLaundries or
d
Similar Spaces (27-954(q))
Yes
1
1
No
Yes in
Occupancy
Groups
E, G, J
Yes in
Occupancy
Groups
E,G, J
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
RubbishLaundry and
Similar Chutes
d,e
(27-954(m))
Soiled LinenCollection and
Sorting Area
(27-954(n))
Workshops
d
(27-954(o))
Yes
No
No
No
No
27-959 (a)(3)
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
27-959 (a)(3)
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
No
Yes
No
No
27-962(e)(8)
Yes
No
None
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
None
None
Yes
a
27-959 (a)(3)
Yes
None
If over 36 heads
27-962(e)(8)
in a fire section
27-959 (a)(3)
Yes
Yes
If over 36 heads If smoke detector 27-962(e)(8)
in a fire section is used in lieu
of sprinkler
a
Yes
27-959 (a)(3)
None
27-962(e)(8)
If over 36 heads
in a fire section
27-959 (a)(3)
Yes
Yes
If over 36 heads If smoke detector 27-962(e)(8)
in a fire section is used in lieu
of sprinkler
a
No
Yes
None
Yes, except as
No
Yes
provided in
27-959(a)(3)
Yes, except as
No
Yes
provided in
27-959(a)(1)
and
27-959(a)(5)
Yes, except as
provided in
27-959(a)(3)
No
Yes if over 36
heads
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
357
357
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
[1703. 4] 27-957 Sprinkler alarm system.*(a) A sprinkler alarm system shall be provided in
accordance with the applicable provisions of reference
standards RS 17-2, RS 17-2A, RS 17-2B and RS 17-3.
Where the building is provided with a class E or modified
class E fire alarm signal system, compliance with the
applicable provisions of reference standard RS 17-3A or
RS 17-3B shall be acceptable in lieu of compliance with
the provisions of reference standard RS 17-3.
(b) A sprinkler alarm system shall be required
when more than thirty-six heads are installed in any fire
area or section. See table 17-2 for general requirements.
*Local Law 10-1999.
358
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
[1703.5] 27-958 Approved devices.No device, valve, pipe, or fitting may be used in a
sprinkler system unless such device, valve, pipe, or
fitting is of a type approved for such use.
[1703.6] 27-959 Siamese connections required.(a) Where required.(1) Siamese connections shall be provided in
accordance with section 27-940 of article three of this
subchapter, except as modified hereinafter.
(2) In below grade sprinkler systems for garage
occupancies involving the storage or repair of motor
vehicles, a siamese connection shall be provided within
fifty feet of every exit or entrance used by motor vehicles.
(3) Where partial sprinkler protection is required for
storage spaces, one siamese connection shall be provided
when more than thirty-six heads are installed in one fire
section. Areas subdivided, when the subdivisions are totally
enclosed by noncombustible construction having at least a
two hour fire-resistance rating, shall be considered separate
fire sections and the number of heads in the largest section
shall determine the necessity for siamese connections.
When partial sprinkler systems are installed to
protect entire floor areas, siamese connections shall be
provided in accordance with section 27-940 of article
three of this subchapter.
In all cases where partial sprinkler protection is
provided and siamese connections installed, metal signs
shall be securely fastened to, or above, the siamese
connection indicating the area protected. Where the
building has two or more frontages, additional metal
signs shall be installed indicating the location of the
siamese connection.
(4) When a sprinkler system supplies a group of
buildings, siamese connections shall be provided for
each building as required by paragraphs one, two and
three of this subdivision.
(5) A single three-inch (seventy-six millimeter)
inlet fire department connection acceptable to the fire
commissioner may be provided for the sprinkler system
in lieu of each required siamese connection in buildings
classified in occupancy group J-2 not exceeding six
stories or seventy-five feet in height and in spaces
classified in occupancy group J-2 in buildings not
exceeding six stories or seventy-five feet in height.
(b) Installation and construction.-The installation
and construction of siamese connections shall be the
same as required for fire standpipe systems, except that
the caps of each automatic sprinkler siamese connection
shall be painted green and the entire siamese connection
of a nonautomatic sprinkler system shall be painted
with aluminum paint, and except that caps of each
siamese connection used for combination standpipe and
sprinkler systems shall be painted yellow and signs
provided as required in subdivision (b) of section two
of reference standard RS 17-1.
*(c) A siamese connection need not be provided
for a sprinkler system in one and two family dwellings.
*Local Law 10-1999.
[1703.7] 27-960 Piping from siamese connection.Piping from the siamese connection shall be the same
size as the riser or trunk main to which it is connected,
except that it need not be more than five inches in
diameter when supplying larger riser or feed mains.
When more than one siamese connection is required,
the piping from each siamese connection need not exceed
four inches in diameter.
[1703.8] 27-961 Classification of water supplies.(a) Automatic sources of water supply for
sprinkler systems.-Automatic sources of water supply
for sprinkler systems shall include a gravity tank, pressure
tank, automatic fire pump, or direct connection to the
public water systems. Automatic fire pumps where used
for sprinkler supply shall comply with the applicable
provisions of sections 27-946 and 27-947 except that no
enclosures shall be required, and provided that when an
emergency power system is provided, the electric power to
the motor shall be connected to the emergency power source.
(b) Auxiliary sources of water supply for
sprinkler systems.-Auxiliary sources of water supply
for sprinkler systems shall include a manually actuated
fire pump or siamese connection.
(c) Combination sprinkler and standpipe tank
sources of water supply.-Tanks used to provide the
required primary water supply to a standpipe system may
also be used as a supply for an automatic sprinkler system.
(d) Nonautomatic sources of water supply for
sprinkler systems.-Nonautomatic sources of supply for
sprinkler systems shall include siamese connections.
[1703.9] 27-962 Sources of water supply for
sprinkler systems.-Sprinkler systems shall be provided
with water from the following sources:
(a) Two automatic sources of water supply shall be
provided for sprinklers in:
(1) Buildings classified in occupancy group A.
(2) Buildings classified in occupancy group C when
the area on one floor exceeds twenty thousand square feet.
(3) Buildings classified in occupancy group F-1a
when open heads are required for stages of unlimited size.
(b) At least one automatic source of water supply
shall be provided for sprinklers installed in all occupancy
groups, except those listed in subdivision (a) and except
as provided in subdivision (c) of this section.
**(c) The domestic water supply may be used to
supply any sprinklers required under section 27-954 of
this article when installed in buildings classified in
occupancy groups E, G, H and J, or to supply any
sprinklers required under subdivision (aa) of said section,
regardless of occupancy group classification, provided
that all the requirements stated in subdivision e of
section 27-962 of this article are met.
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[1703.12] *27-965 Gravity and pressure tanks.When the requirements of sections 27-963 and 27-964
of this article are not met, a pressure or gravity tank or
other device shall be used, complying with the
provisions of subchapter sixteen of this chapter and
reference standard RS 17-2, RS 17-2A or RS 17-2B.
*Local Law 10-1999.
[1703.13] 27-966 Protection of sprinkler system.(a) All parts of an automatic sprinkler system exposed
to freezing temperatures shall be protected from freezing in
accordance with the provisions of section 27-949 of article
three of this subchapter, or in lieu thereof, an automatic
drypipe system or a system filled with a nonfreezing,
noncombustible solution shall be used, and when a system
filled with nonfreezing solution is used and the system is
connected to a potable water supply, it shall be subject to the
requirements of the health department and the bureau of
water supply of the department of environmental protection.
*(b) Sprinkler heads subject to damage shall be
protected in accordance with the applicable provisions
of reference standard RS 17-2, RS 17-2A or RS 17-2B.
*Local Law 10-1999.
[1703.14] 27-967 Inspection and tests.All inspections and tests of sprinkler systems shall be
conducted in accordance with the provisions of
subdivisions a through f of section 27-951 of article three
of this subchapter and the requirements of this article.
(a) Automatic wet and dry systems.-Automatic
wet and dry sprinkler systems shall be subjected to a
hydrostatic pressure test for a period of one hour at a
pressure of at least one hundred psig at the topmost
sprinkler head and at least two hundred psig at the
lowest cross connection to the siamese connections.
(b) Automatic dry pipe systems.-In addition to
the hydrostatic test in subdivision (a) of this section, the
automatic dry pipe systems shall also be tested to forty
psig air pressure for a twenty-four hour period with the
pressure loss not to exceed one and one-half psig.
(c) Nonautomatic sprinkler systems.-Nonautomatic
sprinkler systems shall be subjected to a hydrostatic
pressure test of fifty psig at the topmost sprinkler head,
with the test pressure maintained for a period of at least
one hour.
(d) Pressure tanks.-Pressure tanks shall be
hydrostatically tested to a pressure of at least one and onehalf times the working pressure for a period of one hour.
(e) Sprinkler branches and heads supplied from
domestic water.-Sprinkler branches and heads shall be
tested at the pressure required by this section or at the
pressure of the domestic water supply as required by
subchapter sixteen of this chapter, whichever is greater.
(f) System performance.-A performance or operation
test shall be made on each completed system to determine
that all alarms, valves, indicators, pumps, deluge valves,
dry pipe valves, and other appurtenances are in good
working order.
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systems.
(2) Adjacent to each telephone station and near the
main standpipe riser, there shall be provided an
approved closed circuit strap key enclosed in a sheet
metal box equipped with a paracentric fire department
lock and approved hinges. The strap key shall be
connected in series with the box circuit of the signal
sending station.
(3) A card of instructions shall be placed in the pump
room giving code numbers of signaling stations, the
pressure obtainable at various speeds of the fire
pumping motor, and such other information as the
commissioner may direct.
(g) Where the building is subject to the provisions
of subdivision (f) or (g) of section 27-972 of this article
with respect to the requirement for a modified class E
fire alarm signal system, the standpipe fireline
telephone and signaling system may be combined with
such fire alarm system provided:
(1) the alarms and two-way voice communication
with the fire command station include the pump room
and gravity tank or pressure tank room, and
(2) a designated floor station of the modified class
E fire alarm signal system is located at or near the main
standpipe riser on every floor.
[1704.8] 27-975 Communication system and fire
command station.-Buildings classified in occupancy
group E, seventy-five feet or more in height, or, if less
than seventy-five feet in height, with a total gross area
of two hundred thousand square feet or more and
existing office buildings one hundred feet or more in
height, shall be provided with the following:
(a) a communication system acceptable to the
commissioner consisting of:
(1) loud speakers on each floor of the building, in
each elevator and each stair enclosure, which shall be
capable of being operated from the fire command
station.
(2) a two-way voice communication capability
between the fire command station and the following
locations:
a. a designated floor warden station on each floor
b. mechanical control center
c. elevators
d. air-handling control rooms
e. elevator machine rooms
(b) The fire command station shall be located in
the lobby of the building on the entrance floor as part of
the elevator control panel or immediately adjacent
thereto. Such command station shall be adequately
illuminated and shall contain the following:
(1) the loud speaker and communication capability
described in subdivision (a) of this section.
(2) the audible alarm signal required in subdivision
(f) and (g) of section 27-972 of this article.
(3) manually reset information display system to
indicate the floor where the alarm was activated.
369
Title 27 / Subchapter 17
*[1705.2] 27-979 Smoke detecting devices; where required.(a) On and after January first, nineteen hundred
eighty-two, all dwelling units within occupancy group J1 and occupancy group J-2, except such units which
contain operational automatic wet sprinkler systems
pursuant to article four of this subchapter, and dwelling
units in buildings within occupancy group J-3 shall be
equipped with approved and operational smoke detecting
devices as hereinafter provided. Buildings within
occupancy group J-1 may, in the alternative, be equipped
with a line-operated zoned smoke detecting system with
central annunciation and central office tie-in for all
public corridors and public spaces, pursuant to rules and
regulations promulgated by the commissioner. The
commissioner may, upon good cause shown, extend the
period of compliance for occupancy groups J-1 and J-2
to June thirtieth, nineteen hundred eighty-two.
(b) Approved and operational smoke detecting
devices shall be installed in mechanical rooms,
electrical switch gear rooms and electric and telephone
closets over seventy-five square feet in gross floor area
in all buildings in all occupancy groups.
*Local Law 81-1989.
***ARTICLE 7
CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTING DEVICES
***27-981.1 Definitions.- For the purpose of this
article: a. Fossil fuel shall mean coal, kerosene, oil,
wood, fuel gases and other petroleum products.
b. Fuel gases shall include, but not be limited to,
methane, natural gas, liquefied natural gas and
manufactured fuel gases.
***27-981.2 Carbon monoxide detecting devices;
where required.- a. Every dwelling unit in a building
within occupancy groups J-1, J-2 or J-3 where a fossil
fuel-burning furnace or boiler is located, and every
dwelling unit in a building that is in close proximity to a
source of carbon monoxide, as such proximity is established
by the rules promulgated by the commissioner in consultation
with the fire department and the department of health and
mental hygiene, shall be equipped with an operational
carbon monoxide detecting device approved in accordance
with the rules promulgated by the commissioner in
consultation with the fire department and the department
of health and mental hygiene, provided that there shall
be installed at least one approved and operational carbon
monoxide detecting device within fifteen feet of each
room lawfully used for sleeping purposes. Such carbon
monoxide detecting device may be combined with a
smoke detecting device that complies with the provisions
of this title and any applicable rules promulgated thereunder.
b. In every building classified in occupancy group
G or occupancy group H-2, at least one approved and
operational carbon monoxide detecting device shall be
installed in accordance with rules promulgated by the
commissioner in consultation with the fire department
and the department of health and mental hygiene.
c. The provisions of this article shall apply
retroactively to every building, in accordance with the
provisions of subdivision a or subdivision b of this
section, irrespective of when such building was constructed
or a certificate of occupancy for such building was issued.
d. The provisions of this article may be enforced by
the department, the fire department, the department of
health and mental hygiene and the department of
housing preservation and development.
***27-981.3 General requirements for carbon
monoxide detecting devices.- All carbon monoxide
detecting devices required to be provided and installed
pursuant to this article shall be of a type authorized by
rules promulgated by the commissioner.
***Local Law 7-2004.
370
Title 27 / Subchapter 18
SUBCHAPTER 18
ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Sub-Art. Art.
or Sec.]* or Sec.**
[1800.0]
[1800.1]
[1800.2]
[1800.3]
[1800.4]
[1800.5]
[1800.7]
[1800.8]
[1800.9]
[1800.10]
[1800.11]
[1800.12]
[1801.0]
[1801.1]
[1801.2]
[1801.3]
[1801.4]
[1801.5]
[1802.0]
[1802.1]
[1802.2]
[1802.3]
[1802.4]
[1803.0]
[1803.1]
[1803.2]
[1803.3]
[1803.4]
[1804.0]
[1804.1]
[1804.2]
Art. 1
982
983
984
985
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
Art. 2
994
995
996
General
Scope
Standards
Definitions
Plans
General Requirements
Manlifts
Elevator in Readiness
Acceptance of Equipment
Construction
Alterations
Prohibited devices
Existing Installations
Retroactive Provisions
Existing Sidewalk Elevators
Existing Hand Powered
Freight Elevators
996.1
Locks on Elevators and
Elevator Hoistway Doors
996.2
Fireman Service Operation in
Existing Elevators
Art. 3 Tests and Test Interval
997
Acceptance Tests
998
Periodic Inspection and Test
Intervals
999
Inspection and Test
Requirements
1000
Inspection Agencies and
Elevator Repair Service
Art. 4 Equipment Permits
1001
Permit Required
1002
Temporary Use Permits
1003
Posting of Temporary Use
Certificate
1004
Posting of Inspection
Certificate
Art. 5 Equipment Operation
1005
Operators
1006
Accidents
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-1800.1] 27-982 Scope.-This subchapter shall establish
the minimum safety requirements for, and control the design,
construction, installation, alteration, maintenance, inspection,
test and operation of, all elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators,
moving walks, industrial lifts and loading ramps, automotive
lifts, mechanical parking garage equipment, console or stage
lifts, power operated scaffolds, amusement devices, and
special hoisting and conveying equipment.
[C26-1800.2] 27-983 Standards.-The provisions of reference
standard RS-18 shall be a part of this subchapter.
[C26-1800.3] 27-984 Definitions.-For definitions to be used
in the interpretation of this subchapter, see subchapter two
of this chapter.
[C26-1800.4] 27-985 Plans.-For the requirements governing
the filing of plans and the work to be shown on plans, see
subchapter one of this chapter.
[C26-1800.5] 27-986 Permits.-For the requirements
governing equipment work permits and equipment use
permits, see subchapter one of this chapter.
[C26-1800.6] 27-987 General requirements.-All of the
equipment listed in section 27-982 of this article shall be
designed, constructed, altered and maintained as required by
the provisions of this subchapter and reference standard RS18. No piping or ductwork of any kind shall be permitted
within hoistway or elevator enclosures except (i) as may be
required for the elevator installation and (ii) low voltage
wiring required or permitted by subchapter seventeen of
this chapter provided that such wiring shall be protected within
the hoistway or elevator enclosures in accordance therewith.
(a) Construction equipment.-Except for workers' hoists
the provisions of this subchapter shall not apply to materials
hoisting equipment for temporary construction use. For such
equipment, the requirements of subchapter nineteen of this
chapter shall apply.
(b) Portable equipment.-The provisions of this subchapter
shall not apply to portable elevating devices used to handle
materials only except as specifically provided in reference
standard RS 18-5.
*** (c) Fire protection and impact resistance.(1) Fire protection.- The fire resistance rating of
hoistway enclosures shall be two hours and for
hoistway doors and door assemblies the fire protection
shall be one and one-half hours subject to the test
procedures of subchapter five of this chapter.
(a) vertical conveyors passing through floors shall be
fire protected as required for shafts in subchapter five
of this chapter.
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373
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[C26-1802.3] 27-999 Inspection and test requirements.Every new and existing device listed in article one of
this subchapter shall be subjected to inspections and test
requirements as follows:
(a) Elevators, dumbwaiters and escalators to the
requirements specified in the reference standard RS 18-1
except that:
(1) Governor operated elevator car safeties shall be tested
with no load in the car at the lowest operating speed.
(2) Instantaneous type car safeties, without governors,
operated only as a result of the breaking or slackening of the
hoist ropes shall be tested with no load in the car.
(b) Moving walks to the requirements specified in the
reference standard RS 18-1.
(c) Lifts, conveyors, and amusement devices shall be
inspected and subjected to the test requirements of the
applicable reference standards and shall be tested to confirm
the load capacity and safety of operation of the equipment,
including tests of all operating protective safety devices,
374
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376
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
SUBCHAPTER 19
SAFETY OF PUBLIC AND PROPERTY DURING
CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Art.
[Sub-Art.
or Sec.]*
or Sec.**
[1900.0]
[1900.1]
[1900.2]
[1900.3]
[1900.4]
[1900.5]
Art. 1
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
[1900.6]
[1900.7]
[1900.8]
[1900.9]
[1900.10]
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
[1901.0]
Art. 2
[1901.1]
[1901.2]
[1901.3]
1017
1018
1019
[1901.4]
1020
[1901.5]
[1901.6]
1021
1022
[1901.7]
[1901.8]
[1901.9]
[1902.0]
1023
1024
1025
Art. 3
[1902.1]
[1902.2]
1026
1027
[1902.3]
1028
[1902.4]
1029
[1902.5]
[1903.0]
[1903.1]
[1903.2]
1030
Art. 4
1031
1032
[1904.0]
[1904.1]
[1904.2]
[1904.3]
[1905.0]
[1905.1]
[1905.2]
Art. 5
1033
1034
1035
Art. 6
1036
1037
General
Scope
Definitions
General Requirements
Inspection
Sizes and Stresses of
Materials
Inspections
Utilities
Fire Protection
Design
Alternate Details and
Procedures
Maintenance of Site and
Adjacent Areas
Construction Equipment
Housekeeping
Removal and Storage of
Material
Obstruction of Sidewalks
and Streets
Protection of Sidewalks
Safety Netting and
Scaffolding
Warning Signs and Lights
Watchmen and Flagmen
Escape Hatches Required
Protection of Adjoining
Property
General
Abandoned and
Discontinued Operations
Excavation or Filling
Operations Affecting
Adjoining Property
Foundation Operations
Affecting Adjacent
Properties
Protection of Trees
Excavation Operations
General Requirements
Protection of Sides of
Excavations
Erection Operations
Protection of Sidewalks
Structural Steel Assembly
Concrete Formwork
Demolition Operations
Preparations
Protection of Adjacent
[1905.3]
[1905.4]
[1905.5]
[1906.0]
[1906.1]
[1907.0]
[1907.1]
[1907.2]
[1907.3]
[1907.4]
[1907.5]
[1907.6]
[1907.7]
[1907.8]
[1907.9]
[1908.0]
[1908.1]
[1908.2]
[1908.3]
[1909.0]
[1909.1]
[1909.2]
[1909.3]
[1909.4]
[1909.5]
[1909.6]
[1909.7]
[1909.8]
[1909.9]
[1909.10]
[1909.11]
[1910.0]
[1910.1]
[1910.2]
[1910.3]
Structures
Protection of Sidewalks
Demolition Operations
Completed Demolitions
Repair and Alteration
Operations
1041
General Requirements
Scaffolds
Art. 8
1042
General Provisions for all
Scaffolds
1043
Pole Scaffolds
1044
Outrigger Scaffolds
1045
General Provisions for
Suspended Scaffolds
1046
Two-Point Suspension
Scaffolds
1047
Multiple-Point Suspension
Scaffolds
1048
Manually-Propelled Free
Standing Scaffolds
1049
Power Operated Free
Standing Scaffolds
1050
Standard Guard Rail and
Toeboard
1050.1
Notification of Use or
Installation of C-Hooks or
Outrigger Beams
Art. 9 Structural Ramps,
Runways, and Platforms
1051
Ramps and Runways
1052
Platforms
1053
Special Requirements
Where Power Buggies Are
Used
Material Handling and
Art. 10
Hoisting Equipment
1054
General Requirements
1055
Rigging, Rope, Chains,
and Their Appurtenances
and Fittings
1056
Material Platform Hoists
and Bucket Hoists
1057
Testing Inspection,
Approval and Use of
Power Operated Cranes,
Derricks and Cableways
1058
Conveyors and Cableways
1059
Trucks
1060
Power Buggies
1061
Lift and Fork Trucks
1062
Hand Propelled Vehicles
1063
Mixing Machines
1064
Jacks
Art. 11 Explosive Powered and
Projectile Tools
1065
General
1066
Explosive Powered Tools
1067
Projectile Tools
1038
1039
1040
Art. 7
377
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
[1911.0]
[1911.1]
[1912.0]
Art. 12
1068
Art. 13
[1912.1]
1069
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
19-1 Minimum Sizes of Timber Bracing and Timber Sheet
Piling for Trenches Four Feet Wide or Less
19-2 Minimum Sizes of Timber Bracing and Timber Sheet
Piling for Trenches Four to Eight Feet Wide
19-3 Minimum Lateral Pressures to be Assumed for Fresh
Concrete Weighing 150 Pounds per Cubic Foot
19-4 Size and Number of Nails Required for Scaffold Construction
19-5 Maximum Permissible Spans for Two-Inch Plank Used
on Scaffolds
19-6 Minimum Size and Maximum Spacing of Members of
Single Pole Light Duty Scaffolds
19-7 Minimum Size and Maximum Spacing of Members of
Single Pole Medium Duty Scaffolds
19-8 Minimum Size and Maximum Spacing of Members of
Single Pole Heavy Duty Scaffolds
19-9 Minimum Size and Maximum Spacing of Members of
Independent Pole Light Duty Scaffolds
19-10 Minimum Size and Maximum Spacing of [sic]
Members of Independent Pole Medium Duty Scaffolds
19-11 Minimum Size and Maximum Spacing of Members of
Independent Pole Heavy Duty Scaffolds
ARTICLE 1 GENERAL
[C26-1900.1] 27-1007 Scope.-The provisions of this
subchapter shall govern the conduct of all construction
operations with regard to the safety of the public and
property. For the purposes of this subchapter, construction
operations shall include excavation, erection, alteration,
repair, removal and demolition as related to buildings.
For regulations relating to the safety of persons
employed in such construction operations, the provisions
of subchapter ten of the labor law as implemented by
the industrial code of the state of New York, rule no.
23, shall apply.
[C26-1900.2] 27-1008 Definitions.-For definitions to
be used in the interpretation of this subchapter, see
subchapter two of this chapter.
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(b) Sidewalk sheds.(1) Every sidewalk shed deck shall be designed and
constructed to carry a live load of at least three hundred
psf. However, a live load of one hundred fifty psf may
be permitted for buildings less than one hundred feet in
height provided there is no storage thereon. The
members of the sidewalk shed shall be adequately
braced and connected to prevent displacement or
distortion of the framework. Where posts supporting the
shed deck are placed beyond the curb, such posts shall
be protected against displacement by vehicles.
(2) The deck of the sidewalk shed shall consist of
planking closely laid, and made tight.
(3) Steel, or other materials having equivalent strength
and suitability may be used in lieu of wood to construct
sidewalk sheds.
(4) Where deemed necessary by the commissioner, the
deck shall cover the entire width of the sidewalk, except
for reasonably small clearances at the building line and
the curb.
(5) Except as authorized by paragraph seven, sidewalk
sheds shall extend at least the entire length of the
property line of the structure unless constructed solely
to comply with paragraph two of subdivision (a) of this
section, and may extend beyond the curb to such extent
as may be approved by the department of transportation.
(6) The outer side and ends of the deck of the shed
shall be provided with a substantial enclosure at least
three feet six inches high. Such enclosure may be
vertical or inclined outward at approximately forty-five
degrees, and shall consist of boards laid close together
and secured to braced uprights, of galvanized wire
screen not less than no. 16 steel wire gage with a onehalf inch mesh, of corrugated metal, or of solid
382
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
384a
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
384b
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
385
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
[C26-1903.2] 27-1032 Protection of sides of excavations.(a) Shoring and bracing and sheeting.-With the
exception of rock cuts, the sides of all excavations,
including related or resulting embankments, five feet or
greater in depth or height measured from the level of
the adjacent ground surface to the deepest point of the
excavation, shall be protected and maintained by
shoring, bracing and sheeting, sheet piling, or by other
retaining structures. Alternatively, excavated slopes
may be inclined not steeper than forty-five degrees or
stepped so that the average slope is not steeper than
forty-five degrees with no step more than five feet high,
provided such slope does not endanger any structure,
(2) Open web steel joists that are hoisted singly shall be
transferred from their place of storage directly to their
permanent location and safely secured. No load shall be
placed on open web steel joists until they are permanently
fastened in place.
386
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
(3) EXTERNAL LATERAL LOADS.a. Braces and shores shall be designed to resist all
external lateral loads such as wind, cable tensions,
inclined supports, dumping of concrete, and starting
and stopping of equipment.
b. In no case shall the assumed value of lateral load
due to wind, dumping of concrete, and equipment
acting in any direction at each floorline be less than one
hundred plf edge or two percent of total dead load of
the floor, whichever is greater.
c. Except for foundation walls that are poured against a
rigid backing, wall forms shall be designed for a
minimum lateral load of ten psf, and bracing for wall
forms shall be designed for a lateral load of at least one
hundred plf of wall, applied at the top. The lateral load
acting on walls greater than fourteen feet high shall be
determined by analysis of conditions applicable to the
site and building.
(4)
SPECIAL LOADS.-The formwork shall be
designed for any special conditions of construction
likely to occur, such as unsymmetrical placement of
concrete, impact of machine-delivered concrete, uplift,
and concentrated loads.
(5) SHORING AND BRACING.a. When patented or commercial devices that are not
susceptible to design are used for shoring, bracing, or
splicing, they shall be approved.
b. Splices shall develop the full strength of the spliced
members.
c. Where shore height exceeds ten feet, or when
necessary to provide structural stability, diagonal
bracing shall be provided. Struts, anchored into
masonry or to panel joints of adjacent braced bays, may
be used to prevent buckling of individual members not
supported by the diagonal bracing; but, bracing an
entire tier of shores with struts without diagonal bracing
will not be permitted unless the system can be
demonstrated to be braced by other rigid construction.
d. The unbraced length of shores shall not exceed the
maximum length determined in accordance with the
applicable reference standard in subchapter ten of this
chapter for the structural material used.
(6) FOUNDATIONS.-Foundations for shores more
than ten feet high and supported on the ground shall be
designed.
(7) SETTLEMENT.-Falsework shall be so constructed
that vertical adjustments can be made to compensate for
take-up and settlements. Wedges, jacks, or other
positive means shall be provided for this purpose.
(8) POWER BUGGIES.-For special requirements for
runways, ramps, and platforms used by power buggies,
see section 27-1053 of article nine of this subchapter.
(d) Construction.(1) Field constructed lap splices, other than approved
devices, shall not be used more often than for every
other shore under slabs or for every third shore under
389
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
390
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
8
Width of Smaller Member
Minimum Number of
(in.)
Nails Required
4
2
6
3
8
4
10
5
12
5
(b) Loading and design.(1) DESIGN REQUIRED.-All exterior pole scaffolds
over seventy-five feet high and all multiple-point
suspension scaffolds, including all supports, fastenings,
393
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
TABLE 19-5 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SPANS FOR TWO-INCH PLANK USED ON SCAFFOLDS
Full Thickness
Undressed
Lumber
Working Load (psf)... 25
50
75
Permissible Span (ft.) 10
8
6
Material
(g) Guard rails and toeboards.(1) Except for scaffold platforms ten feet or less above
the ground or for scaffolds used on the interior of a
building at a height ten feet or less above a floor, the
open sides and ends of every scaffold platform shall be
provided with a standard guard rail and toeboard as
described in section 27-1050 of this article, unless
otherwise specified for the particular type of scaffold.
(2) Where it is possible for the public to pass under, or
next to a scaffold, the space between the top rail and
toeboard shall be enclosed with a wire screen composed
of not less than no. 18 steel wire gage with a maximum
one-half inch mesh.
(3) Toeboards shall be installed so that no open space
exists between the platform and the toeboard.
[C26-1907.2] 27-1043 Pole scaffolds.(a) Poles.-Scaffold poles shall be plumb and the foot
ends shall be secured against lateral movement. Where
wood poles are spliced, the squared end of the upper
section shall bear uniformly on the squared end of the
lower section, and the two ends shall be rigidly fastened
together with two or more wood splice plates, each at
least four feet in length. The plates shall be placed at
right angles to each other, shall overlap the abutting
ends of the pole equally, and shall have a combined
sectional area not less than fifty percent of the cross
sectional area of the pole. Splicing of adjacent poles
Lumber of
Nominal
Thickness
25 50 75
8
6
5
394
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
TABLE 19-6 MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE POLE LIGHT
DUTY SCAFFOLDS
Uniformly Distributed Load
Max. height of scaffold
Poles or uprights (min.)...
Pole foundation (min.).
Max. pole spacing (longitudinal).
Max. width of scaffold
Bearers or putlogs (min.).
Ledgers (minimum):
With 6'-0'' pole space
With 10'-0'' pole space
Vertical spacing of ledgers (max.)
Non-supporting stringers.
Tie-ins..
Bracing
Planking:
Not more than 6' span..
Up to 10' span...
Toeboards
Guard rails...
20'
40'
2'' x 4''
3'' x 4''
[C26-1907.3] 27-1044 Outrigger scaffolds.Outrigger scaffolds shall not be used for loading in
excess of fifty psf (medium duty).
(a) Outrigger beams.-Outrigger beams shall not
extend more than six feet beyond the face of the
building. The inboard end of outrigger beams,
measured from the fulcrum point to the extreme point
of support, shall be at least one and one-half times the
outboard end in length. The fulcrum point of the beam
shall rest on a secure bearing at least six inches in each
horizontal dimension. The beam shall be secured
against movement and shall be securely braced against
tipping at both fulcrum point and inboard end.
Outriggers shall not be less than three inches by ten
inches set on edge, plumb, and spaced not to exceed six
feet on centers for light and medium duty scaffolds.
(b) Inboard supports.-The inboard ends of outrigger
beams shall be securely fixed to resist all vertical,
horizontal, and torsional forces.
(c) Platform.-The platform shall be constructed of at
least two inch by nine inch planks, securely fastened to
the outriggers, and laid tight to within three inch[es]* of
60'
4'' x 4''
2'' x 9''
10' 0''
5' 0''
3'' x 4'' or 2'' x 6'' (on edge)
1'' x 6'' (on edge)
1 1/4'' x 9'' (on edge)
7'-0''
1'' x 4''
1'' x 4''
1'' x 4''
1 1/4'' x 9''
2'' x 9''
1'' x 6''
2'' x 4''
395
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
TABLE 19-7 MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE POLE MEDIUM
DUTY SCAFFOLDS
Uniformly Distributed Load
Max. height of scaffold...
Poles or uprights (min.)...
Pole foundation (min.)
Max. pole spacing (longitudinal)
Max. width of scaffold
Bearers or putlogs (min.).
Max. spacing of bearers or putlogs.
Ledgers (minimum).
Vertical spacing of ledgers (max.)..
Non-supporting stringers
Tie-ins.
Bracing
Planking:
Not more than 6' span.
Up to 8' span.
Toeboards
Guard rails...
20'
40'
60'
3'' x 4''
or
2'' x 6''
4'' x 4''
4'' x 6''
4'' x 6''
2'' x 9''
8' 0''
5' 0''
3'' x 4'' or 2'' x 8'' (on edge)
8' 0'
3'' x 5'' or 2'' x 9'' (on edge)
8' 0''
2'' x 9'' (on edge)
7' 0''
1'' x 6'' or 1 1/4'' x 4''
1'' x 6''
1'' x 6''
1 1/4'' x 9''
2'' x 9''
2'' x 9''
2'' x 4''
TABLE 19-8 MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE POLE HEAVY
DUTY SCAFFOLDS
Uniformly Distributed Load
Max. height of scaffold...
Poles or uprights (min.)...
Pole foundation (min.)
Max. pole spacing (longitudinal)
Max. width of scaffold
Bearers or putlogs (min.).
Max. spacing of bearers or putlogs.
Ledgers (minimum).
Vertical spacing of ledgers (max.)..
Non-supporting stringers
Tie-ins.
Bracing
Planking...
Toeboards
Guard rails...
20'
40'
60'
3'' x 4''
or
2'' x 6''
4'' x 4''
4'' x 6''
6'' x 6''
2'' x 9''
6' 0''
5' 0''
3'' x 5''
8' 0''
3'' x 6'' or 2" x 9''
6' 0
2" x 9" (on edge)
7' 0"
2 " x 4"
1 " x 6"
1" x 6"
2 " x 9"
2" x 9"
2" x 4 "
engineer stating that physical tests of a prototype of the
equipment were conducted and that such equipment is
capable of withstanding at least four times the
maximum allowable live loads. Such certificates shall
be kept at the field office of the user and shall be
available for inspection by a representative of the
department of buildings. This section, however, shall
396
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
TABLE 19-9 MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT POLE
LIGHT DUTY SCAFFOLDS
Uniformly Distributed Load
Max. height of scaffold.
20'
40'
60'
2" x 4"
3 " x 4"
or
2 " x 6"
4 " x 4"
4 " x 6"
2 " x 9"
6' 0"
10' 0"
a
10' 0"
1 1/4" x 9" (on edge) or 2" x 9"
7' 0"
1 1/4" x 9" (on edge)
1 " x 4"
1 " x 4"
1 1/4" x 9"
2 " x 9"
1" x 6"
2 " x 4"
397
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
398
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
TABLE 19-10 MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT POLE
MEDIUM DUTY SCAFFOLDS
Uniformly Distributed Load
Max. height of scaffold.
Poles or uprights (min.).
20'
40'
60'
3 " x 4"
or
2 " x 6"
4 " x 4"
4" x 6"
6 " x 6"
2 " x 9"
8' 0"
a
10' 0"
2" x 9" (on edge)
6' 0"
2" x 9" (on edge)
1 1/4" x 4" or 1" x 6"
1 " x 6"
1 1/4" x 9"
2" x 9"
2" x 9"
2 " x 4"
TABLE 19-11 MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT POLE
HEAVY DUTY SCAFFOLDS
Uniformly Distributed Load
Max. height of scaffold..
Poles or uprights (min.).
Pole foundation (min.)...
Max. pole spacing (longitudinal)...
Max. pole spacing (transverse)..
Ledgers (minimum)...
Vertical spacing of ledgers (max.)
Bearers (minimum)
Non-supporting stringers..
Bracing..
Planking.
Toeboards..
Guard rails.
20'
40'
60'
4" x 4"
4 " x 4"
4 " x 6"
2 " x 9"
a
6' 0"
a
10' 0"
2" x 9" (on edge)
5'-0"
2" x 9" (on edge)
1 1/4" x 9"
1 " x 6"
2 " x 9"
2" x 9"
2 " x 4"
399
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
27-1050
400
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
401
400a
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
402
400b
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
405
Title 27 / Subchapter 19
406
Index
SUBJECT INDEX
Title 26, Housing and Buildings
CHAPTER 1, DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS
SUBCHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
SUBCHAPTER 2 LICENSES
SUBCHAPTER 3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
SUBCHAPTER 4 REGULATION OF OUTDOOR SIGNS
A
Affidavits, proofs and oaths, 26-106
Annual report, 26-109
Application for license, 26-132
Record of application, 26-129
Awnings, violations, 26-125 (g), 26-126(d)
B
Borough superintendents, 26-130
C
Certificate of commissioner, 26-121
Certificate of Occupancy, 26- 224
Issuance and filing of certificate of
occupancy, 26-224
Occupancy of existing buildings, 26-223
Requirement of certificate of occupancy, 26-222
Complaint book, 26-107
Contents of notices and orders, 26-116
Concrete testing laboratory license,
License applications, 26-201
License conditions, 26-204
License fees, 26-203
License qualifications, 26-202
Requirement of license, 26-200
D
Dangerous buildings, places and things;
nuisance, 26-127
Definitions, building, 26-101
Demolition work without permit on one-or-twofamily dwellings, 26-248(j)
E
Enforcement proceedings, 26-120
Environmental Control Board,
civil penalties, 26-126.1
proceedings, 26-126.2
order to certify correction, 26-126.2
penalty for failure to certify correction of
violation, 26-126.3
power of commissioner to designate provisions
enforceable by environmental control board, 26-126.4
Examination of applicant, 26-134
Exemptions from examination, 26-135
Exits, workplace, 252.1
revision: July 1, 2008
F
False statements in certificates, forms, written statements,
applications or reports, 26-124
Falsely impersonating an officer, 26-112
Fees, 26-210
Computation, for work permits, 26-212
For approval of plans and work permits, 26-211
For cranes, derricks and cableways, testing, approval,
inspection and use, 26-215
For equipment use permits, 26-213
Liens on premises, 26-128
Requirement of fee, 26-210
Special fees, 26-214
Special fees, asbestos, 26-214.1
Testing, 26-215
G
General contractor registration, Subchapter 2, Article 11
H
High-pressure boiler operating engineer and portable
high-pressure boiler operating engineer licenses, 26-159
Definition, 26-160
License applications, 26-161
License conditions, 26-164
License fees, 26-163
Licensing of existing operating engineers, 26-165
License qualifications, 26-162
Requirement of license, 26-159
Hoisting machine operator license, 26-166
Classification of licenses, 26-168
License applications, 26-167
License conditions, 26-171
License fees, 26-170
License qualifications, 26-169
I
Illegal practices in the sale or use of lumber for
construction purposes prohibited, 26-251
Inspections, 26-216
Of building work, 26-217
Of completed buildings, 26-218
Of construction machinery and equipment, etc. 26-219
Of signs, 26-220
Reports, 26-221
Right of entry and inspection, 26-216
Issuance of license, 26-136
407
Index
L
Licenses, General, 26-131
Application, 26-132
Examination, 26-134
Exemptions from examination, 26-135
Fees, 26-146
Issuance, 26-136
Qualifications, 26-133
Renewal and term of, 26-137
Revocation of, 26-139
Violations and penalties, 26-140
Use of, 26-138
Licenses, Specific, see each category
Liens, upon building, 26-105
Lis pendens, 26-119
Lumber, prohibited, 26-251
M
P
Matters covered in Subchapter 3, 26-205
Master plumber license; Master Fire
Suppression Piping Contractor License, 26-141
Business operation, 26-149
Certificate application, 26-145
Certificate of competence, 26-148
Definitions, 26-141
Examination waiver, 26-153.1
Exemption, 26-143
License
board, 26-144
expiration and renewal, 26-150
fees, 26-147
qualifications, 26-146
requirements, 26-142
suspension and revocation, 26-151
Practice without license, other violations, etc., 26-152
Publication of roster of licensees, 26-153
Renewals, 26-150.1
Multiple dwelling, defined, 26-101
N
New work to conform, 26-206
Non-compliance with orders: execution of work
by department, 26-123
Punishments; penalty, 26-122
Notices and orders, 26-115
O
Oil-Burning equipment installer licenses, 26-192
Bond requirement, 26-197
Class A oil-burning equipment installer
qualifications, 26-195
Class B oil-burning equipment installer
qualifications, 26-196
revision: July 1, 2008
Penalties,
Civil, Environmental Control Board, 26-126.1, 26-126.3
Illegal apartment conversions, 26-125
Licensed riggers, 26-181.1
Work without a permit, 26-212.1
Permits,
Approval of plans, 26-208
Copies to tax dept., 26-130
Requirement of permit, 26-207
Signature to permit, 26-209
Projections beyond street line, 26-225
Existing projections beyond street line, 26-226
General restrictions on projections beyond street line, 26-225
Rules governing projections beyond street line, 26-227
Proofs, affidavits and oaths, 26-106
Publication of statistics and other data, 26-110
R
Record of applications, 26-129
Records in department, 26-103
Renewal of license, 26-137
Master Plumber and Fire
Suppression Piping Contractor License, 26-150.1
Reports from different institutions and agencies, 26-108
Revocation of licenses, 26-139
Rigger licenses, 26-172
Bond requirements, 26-178
Classification of rigger licenses, 26-174
Exemptions, 26-173
License applications, 26-175
License conditions, 26-181
License fees, 26-180
Master rigger qualifications, 26-176
Requirement of license, 26-172
Special rigger qualifications, 26-177
Workmens compensation, 26-179
408
Index
S
Safety in building operations, 26-228
General safety requirements, 26-228
Maintenance and repair of protection fences and
retaining walls, 26-233
Protection of roofs, skylights, etc., 26-230
Regulation of lots, 26-231
Report and inspection of unsafe buildings and
property, 26-234
Retaining walls, 26-232
Safety requirements during excavation
operations, 26-229
Scaffolds, supported, Subchapter 2, Article 10
Seal; judicial notice, 26-102
Service equipment, defined, 26-101
Service of notices and orders, 26-117
Sidewalk sheds, fences, railings, etc., 26-252
Sign hanger licenses,
Bond requirements, 26-188
Classification of sign hanger licenses, 26-183
Exemptions, 26-184
License applications, 26-185
License conditions, 26-191
License fees, 26-190
Master sign hanger qualifications, 26-186
Requirement of license, 26-182
Special sign hanger qualifications, 26-187
Workmens compensation, 26-189
Signs, fees, 26-212(6)a
Illegal outdoor signs, 26-127.3
Regulation of outdoor signs, Chapter 1,
Subchapter 4, Articles 1 and 2
Stop-work notices and orders, 26-118
Subordinates; discipline of, 26-113
T
Taxpayers requests for institution of actions, 26-105
Term of license: renewal, 26-137
U
Uniforms and badges, 26-111
Unsafe buildings and property, 26-243
Fallen structures and structures imminently
dangerous, 26-243
Judicial review of survey, 26-239
Provision for expense of executing precept, 26-241
Record and notice of unsafe structures or
premises, 26-236
Removal or repair of structures, 26-235
Repair or removal under precept
a. Execution of precept, 26-240
Return of precept; reimbursement of city, 26-242
Survey, 26-238
409
Index
SUBJECT INDEX
plans, 774
ventilating systems, 777(a)
Air cooling, 771
permits, 775
plans, 774
Air hammers, 700(c)(1)
Air heating, 771
plans, 774
permits, 755
Air Pollution Control Code, 1019(a)
Air supply, 807
gas fuels, 807(b)
oil fuels, 807(a)
solid fuels, 807(c)
Air-supported structures, Subchapter 7, Art. 19, 524
blowers for, 516(a)
certificate of occupancy, 517
construction, 514(b)
flame resistance, 515(b)
heat for, 516(a)
height, 510
location, 510
pressurization system, 516
separations, 511
Aisles, assembly spaces, 532
capacity, 532(a)(1)
lighting, 532(a)(9)
steps, 532(a)(7)
tapered, 532(a)(3)
uniform, 532(a)(4)
width, 532(a)(2)
Alarm systems, fire, see Fire Alarm systems, sprinkler
systems, 957, see also Sprinkler systems
Alcoves, natural ventilation, 747
Alterations, 992, 1007, Subchapter 19, Art. 7,
and repair slip, 175,184.1
barricades, 1041
between 30 and 60 percent of building value, 116
of building value, 119
cost, 119
dumbwaiters, 992
escalators, 992
exceeding 60 percent of building value, 115
high hazard occupancies, 123
illegal, 118.1
minor alterations, 124, 126
multi-family dwellings, 731,120
occupancy change, 118
410
Index
classification, 534(c)
distribution, 534(d)
location, 534(e)
width, 534(b)
exit signs, 541
loge, 531(a)(1)
movable chairs, 531(a)(1)
normal entry, 534, 534(c)
occupancy classification, Table 3-2 (F),
Subchapter 3, Art. 8
pew seating, 531(a)(4)
platform seating, 531(a)(3)
posted capacity, 527
protective guards, 531(a)(8)
safe areas, 535
collecting, 535(a)(1)
dimensions, 535(a)(3)
doors, 535(a)(7)
exits, 535(a)(6)
lighting, 540(a)
near grade, 535(a)(4)
occupied load, 535(a)(2)
ramps and steps, 535(a)(5)
seating plans, 528(a)
standee areas, 531(a)(7)
table and chair seating, 531(a)(5)
travel distance, 533
vomitories, 532(a)(10)
Assembly structures, moving live loads, 562(i)
Asylums, fire alarm systems, 972(e)
Atomic energy, Federal Regulations, 414
Atriums, Subchapter 7, Art. 21
Auditoria, ventilation, 765(c)
Automotive lifts, construction, 991(c)
plans, 985
permits, 986
Automotive repair shops, Subchapter 7, Art. 9
boilers, 419(b)
classification, 444
heating equipment, 448
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (D-1)
pits, 446(b)
sprinkler system, 447
ventilation, 446
Automotive service stations, Subchapter 7, Art. 8
classification, 439
gasoline pumps, canopy, 441
location, 441
gasoline storage, 440
heating equipment, 442
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (E)
Auxiliary spaces, stages, see Stages, auxiliary spaces
Awnings, canvas, 336(j)
slow-burning plastic, 336(j)
Axial loads, pile foundations, allowable, 700
411
Index
412
Index
C
C-hooks, outrigger beams, 1050.1
Cabarets, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-4)
fire protection, 549(a)(3), 549(b)
Cable, wire, see Wire Cable
Cableways, 1057
Cafeterias, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-4)
Caissons, 724
drilled-in, 663(c)(2)
piles, 713
Canopies, combustible construction, 333(a)(2)(3)
fire, 331(f)
gasoline pump, 441
Caps, chimney, 865
Carbon Monoxide, Detecting Devices and Systems,
981.1, 981.2, 981.3, RS 17-13, RS-17-14
Car frames, elevators, fire protection, 325
Casing-off, 700(d)(7)
Cast-in-place concrete piles, 709
413
Index
414
Index
water-cement ratio, 605(a)(2)
cylinder strength test, 605(a)(3)
method II, 605(b)
automatic batching equipment, 605(b)(5)
cement factor, 605(b)(2)
materials, 605(b)(4)
quality control, 605(b)(6)
water-cement ratio, 605(b)(3)a
method III, 605(c)
on-site inspection, 607
Concrete piles, cast-in-place, 709
compacted, 710
precast, 708
Condensation, gas vents, 854(b)
Conduits, 1017(b)
embedment in fire protection, 324(a)
Connections, chimney, 871
cross, standpipe, 941
plumbing, to public water, 901(e)
to sewer systems, 901(e)
siamese, see Siamese connections
Connectors, chimney, Subchapter 15, Art. 3
construction, 870
underground, 873
gas vent, Subchapter 15, Art. 6
incinerator chimneys, 878
inspections, Subchapter 15, Art. 3, 874
Conservation, water, 901(c)
Console lifts, construction, 991(f)
Construction,
air blower systems, 777(e)
air conditioning systems, 777(a)
air-supported structures, 514(b)
automotive lifts, 991(c)
balconies, 369(h)(2)
building matters covered, 109
bulkheads, 338(b)
cable-supported, Subchapter 10, Art. 11
ceiling, 350
chimneys, 856(b), 863
classifications, Subchapter 3, Art. 14
combustible, see Combustible construction
concrete, core tests, 598
console lifts, 991(f)
conveyors, 991(e)
dry cleaning establishments, 427
dumbwaiters, 991(a)
elevators, 991(a),
uniform and concentrated live loads, (RS 9-2)
escalators, 991(a)
exhaust systems, 777(e)
exterior stairs, 376(c)
failure of performance, 597
fire escapes, 380(e)
fire-retardant scaffolds, 1042(f)
fire-retardant treated wood, 1019(b)(3)
folded-plate, Subchapter 10, Art. 10
footings, 687
415
Index
bearing partitions, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
bearing walls, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
cable-supported rooms, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
columns, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
domes, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
exit passageways, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
exterior walls, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
floor construction, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
girders, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
hoistways, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
interior walls, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
roof construction, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
roof decks, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
shafts, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
shells, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
trusses, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
vertical exits, fire-resistance ratings, Table 3-4
Construction Group I, noncombustible class,
Subchapter 3, Art. 15
noncombustible classification, 274, Table 3-4
construction Class 1-A, 275
construction Class 1-B, 276
construction Class 1-C, 277
construction Class 1-D, 278
construction Class 1-E, 279
Construction Group II, combustible class,
Subchapter 3, Art. 16
construction classification, 280, Table 3-4
construction Class I1-A, heavy timber construction, 281
construction Class II-B, 282
construction Class I1-C, 283
construction Class 1I-D, 284
construction Class 1I-E, 285
Construction materials, acceptance requirements, 131
acceptable laboratories, 131(c)
accepted materials, 131(b)
accepted materials certification, 131(f)
Boards resolution of approval, 131(a)(2)
code test method under engineer, 131(a)(1)
code test method, manufacturers
certificate, 131(a)(1)
code test method, test report, 131(a)(1)
code test method by testing laboratory, 131(a)(1)
code test method under architect, 131(a)(1)
material retesting, 131(g)
test results, conflicting, 131(h)
alternate materials, 133
equivalent materials, 133
general requirements, 130
inspection requirements, controlled inspection,
special requirements, 132(a)
controlled inspection, statement of compliance, 132(a)
controlled inspection by architect, 132(a)
controlled inspection by engineer, 132(a)
off-site inspection, 132(c)
semicontrolled inspection, statement of compliance, 132(b)
semicontrolled inspection by architect, 132(b)
semicontrolled inspection by engineer, 132(b)
chimneys, 866
Core borings, 663(c)(2)
Core drilling, 663(e)
rock borings, 663(d)(2)
Cores, rock, disposition, 663(f)
Core samples, rock borings, 663(d)(2)
Core test, concrete, 598
Cornices, combustible construction, 335
firestopping, 332, 345(e)
Corridor doors, 371(b), 371(j)(1)a
locks, 371(j)(1)a.1.
louvers, 371(b)
mail slots, 371(b)
power operated, 371(l)
Corridors, dead end, 369(d), length, Table 6-1
exit capacity, Table 6-1
exit width, Table 6-1
exterior, construction, 369(f), 369(h)
as fire canopies, 369(f)
guards, 369(f)
parapets, 369(f)
interior construction, 369(h)
interior finish, 348(d), 369(k)
level changes, 369(e)
lighting, 381(a)
in places of assembly, Table 8-1
ventilation, 369(j), 761
wire glass, 369(i)
Counter seating, 531(a)(6)
Court rooms, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-1b)
416
Index
417
Index
418
Index
chain-driven machines, 994(b)
drum winding machines, 994(c)
emergency interlock release switch, 994(a)
emergency signal, 994(f)
hoistway-door interlocks, 994(e)
hydraulic landing doors, 994(e)
sidewalk, 988
smoke protection plan, 353.1
temporary, fire protection, 1014(a)
temporary use permits, 1002
tests, acceptance, 997
intervals, 998
use by Fire Department, 989
work permits, 1001
Embankment, slope limitation, 1032(a)
Emergency control panel,
F-1a Places of assembly, 546(b)(10)
F-1b Places of assembly, 547(b)(4)
F-2 Places of assembly, 548(c)(4)
Emergency lighting, assembly spaces, 542
Emergency power, Subchapter 6, Art. 11
Emergency signal equipment, elevators, 987(f)
Emission control, incinerators, 835
Enclosures, boiler rooms, 419
column, firestopping, 345
hoistways, fire protection, 987(c)
metal chimneys, 861(c)
in places of assembly, 529
stair, 375(i)
storm, combustible construction, 336
inside Fire Districts, 297(c)
swimming pools, 493(b)
walkways, 379(d)
Engines, internal combustion, 869
exhaust pipe, 869(a)
Entrances, combustible construction, 336
public garages, 453
Entry, right of, 205
Equipment applications, permit requirements, 180
permits, 986
in places of assembly, Table 8-1
plans, 985
smoke protection plan, 353.1
width, 378(a)
work permits, 1001
temporary use permits, 1002
Essential services, disconnection of, 1013(b)
maintaining, 1013(b)
utilities, 1013
Established Market Area, marquees, 313(a)(4)
Evaporative Condensers, noise control, 770(b)(8)
Excavations, 109, 660(b), 1007, Subchapter 19, Art. 4
adjoining properties, 724, 1028
building code, 109
drainage, 1027(b), 1031(d)
inspection, 1012
retaining structures, 1031(a)(1), 1032(a)
removal, 1031(a)(3)
seepage, 661(b)
sheeting, 1032(a)
shoring, 1032(a)
warning signs, lights, 1023(a)
Exhaust flues, 840
incinerator, 840
Exhaust systems, construction, 777(c)
cooking, construction, 777(c)
gas vents, 886(b), 886(c)
Exhibition halls, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-4 (F-3)
Exhibition spaces, occupant load, Table 6-2
Exits, area of refuge, 372(c)
from auxiliary stage spaces, 546(11)
balconies, 369(g)
doors, 369(g)(4)
guards, 369(g)(2)
parapets, 369(g)(2)
privacy screens, 369(g)(3)
capacity, 359
corridors, capacity, 369(a)
height, 369(b)
length, 369(c)
corridors, projections, 369(a)
width, 369(a)
discharge, 364
doors, 371(a)
assembly spaces, 534(f)
hardware, 371(j)(l)a
locks, 371(j)(l)a. 1 and (2)a
power-operated, 371(1)(c)
escalators, 378(a), 378(b)
false, 387
fire escapes, 368
fire exits, adjoining walls, 1026(c)
furnace rooms, 423
heliport, 436
horizontal, travel distance, 360(a)
inadequate, 356
419
Index
interior finish, 348
lighting, Subchapter 6, Art. 6
in places of assembly, 540
location, Subchapter 6, Art. 3
moving walkways, 379
number, Subchapter 6, Art. 4
floors, 366
rooms, 365
spaces, 365
open parking structures, 469(a)
openings, assembly spaces, 540
assembly spaces, distribution of, 534(d)
assembly spaces, location of, 534(e)
capacity, 534(a)
classification, 534(c)
serving a stage, 546(b)(4)
width, 534(b)
party walls, 1037(b)
passageways, capacity, 370(a)
height, 370(c)
interior finish, 370(g)
level changes, 370(d)
lighting, 381(a)
openings, 370(f)
in places of assembly, 537
projections, 370(b)
width, 370(b)
projection booths, 543(d)
photoluminescent markings, 383
public garages, 457
reduction of, 367
requirements, Table 6-1
boiler rooms, 423
building access, wheelchairs, 357(d)
capacity, corridors, Table 6-1
capacity, doors, Table 6-1
capacity, escalators, Table 6-1
capacity, exit passageway, Table 6-1
capacity, horizontal exits, Table 6-1
capacity, ramps, Table 6-1
capacity, stairs, Table 6-1
corridors, dead end length, Table 6-1
corridors, width, Table 6-1
incidental occupancies, 357(b)
mixed occupancy, 357(a)
multiple occupancy, 357(c)
in places of assembly, 537
travel distance, Table 6-1
safe areas, 535(a)(6)
signs, Subchapter 6, Art. 7, 534(e), 541
directional, 386
obstruction, 499
retroactive, Subchapter 6, Art. 8
stage exits, 546(b)(4)
stairs, curving, 375(e)(4)
skewed stairs, 375(e)(4)
winders, 375(e)(3)
420
Index
hospitals, 972(e)
identification of equipment, 973(e)
individually coded, 971(c)
general, 971(c)
presignal, 971(d)
location of instructions, 973(c)
location of sending station, 973(a)
location of sounding device, 973(b)
master coded, 971(b)
mixed occupancy buildings, 973(e)
nursing homes, 972(e)
required for specific occupancies, 972
buildings, existing, 972(j)
buildings, group E, 100 feet or more, 972(f)
buildings, group E, less than 100 feet, 972(h)
buildings, group C, 972(k)
buildings, group C, high rise, 972(i)
buildings, group J-1, 972(l)
buildings, group J-1, existing, 972(m)
other occupancies, 972(n)
communication system and fire command station, 975
fire alarm communication systems, 972(g)
schools, 972(b)
special, 971(f)
standpipe fireline telephone and signaling system, 974(g)
subdivided occupancy buildings, 973(g)
uncoded, 971(a)
Fire canopy, 333(a)(3)
Firecutting, 621(a)
Fire dampers, 327(a), 343(d)
Fire department access, Subchapter 4, Art. 2
Fire detection systems, 923
permits, 927
standards, 924
Fire districts, Bronx, 293(b)
Brooklyn, 293(c)
limitations, Subchapter 4, Art. 4
Manhattan, 293(a)
mixed, 295
Queens, 293(d)
Richmond, 293(d)
Fire divisions, 340
building classifications, 239
firestopping, 340(i)
horizontal exit, 342(a)
mixed construction, 286
Fire escapes, 368, 380
access, 380(f)
capacity, 380(a)
construction, 380(e)
discharge, 380(g)
guards, 380(d)
handrails, 380(d)
landings, 380(c)
stairs, 380(b)
Fire exit bolts, 371(k)(1)
Fire exits, 1026(c)
421
Index
422
Index
roofs, 345
smoke and heating venting, 353
stairs, 345, 345(c)
Fittings, rope, 1055(e)
Fixtures, plumbing, see Plumbing, fixtures required, 901(1)
Flagmen, 1024
vehicular traffic control, 1023(c)
Flagpoles, combustible construction, 338(j)
Flame resistance, air-supported structures, 515(b)
tents, 515(a)
Flame-spread rating, tests, 322
Flame-spread retardants, 349
Flammable mixtures, Subchapter 19, Art. 13
Flammable paints, 406
storage, 405
Flares, oil, 1023(a)
Flashing beacons, 1023(a)
Flat arches, 12.1 (RS 10-1A), 10.15.1.3 (RS 10-1B)
Flat plates, live loads, 567
Flat slabs, 1035(f)(4)
live loads, 567
Flood hazard areas, 196, 288, Subchapter 4, Art. 10, 316,
316.1, 317, 317.1, 317.2, 550, 580, 652, 771, 787, 901(aa)
Flood insurance rate map, (RS 4 & RS 4-4)
Floor finish, dry cleaning establishments, 427(b)
Floor furnaces, Subchapter 14, Art. 13
Floors, firestopping, 345
laboratories using radioactive materials, 415(b)
live loads, 557
occupant, load, 357
private garages, 477
stage, 546(b)(2)
wood, 622(c)
Flour mills, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (A)
Flow control, fuel oil tanks, 830(h)
Flue dampers, 808
Flues, 856(c)
dead loads, 554
exhaust, 840
incinerator, 840
size, reduction in, 869.03
Fly galleries, 546(b)(6)
Folding doors, 347
Folding partitions, 347
Food waste disposals, list (RS-16)
Foot bridges, 1017(b), 1021(f)
lighting, 1021(f)(3)
live loads, 1021(f)(1)
Footings, Subchapter 11, Art. 6
concrete, 684(d)(1)
construction, 687
masonry, 684(d)(2)
poles, 684(b)
wood, 684(a)
Fork lift trucks, 1061
rated capacity, 1061
Formwork, 612
concrete, 1035
inspection, 1035(d)(5)
design, 1035(c)
inspection, 1035(b)
live loads, 1035(c)(1)
removal, 1035(e)
slumps, Table 19-3 (Notes)
inspections, 1012
Foundation and earthwork permits, 148(c)
Foundation applications, permit requirements, 163
Foundation mountings, combustion equipment, 804
Foundation piers, Subchapter 11, Art. 6
construction, 687
design, 685
metal shells, 685(c)
Foundations, 1035(c)(6)
adjoining properties, 1029
affecting adjoining properties, 1029
construction, 661
cold weather, 661(a)
seepage, 661(b)
depth, 658
frost, 658(a)(5)
grade beams, 658(b)
piles, 658(a)(5)
different levels, 659
frost, 658(a)
loads, Subchapter 11, Art. 3
pavement, 658(a)(4)
pile, see Pile foundations
pole, 684(b)
portable buildings, 658(a)(4)
slabs on grade, 660
structural design, 591
Foundation walls, Subchapter 11, Art. 6
construction, 687
design, 686
Foundries, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (D-1)
Framework, inspection, 1012
Freight depots, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (B-1)
Freight elevators, 994(b)
Frontage, 291, 303
Frontage space, 291, 292(a)
Frost protection, adjoining structures, 1031(b)(1)c
Fuel burning equipment inspections, 798
inspection, 794(b)
instruction cards, 794(d)
temporary use permits, 794(c)
Fueling, fire protection, 1014
Fuel oil equipment, Subchapter 14, Art. 17
Fuel oil heaters, piping, 830
Fuel oil storage, approval of, 797
Fuel oil tanks, 828
Fuel pumps, open parking structures, 467
Fuel storage, 405
Fuels, solid, 807(c)
Fuel storage equipment, 787
423
Index
clearances, 893
draft hoods, 881
draft protection, 889(b)
equipment not vented, 880
exhaust systems, 886(c)
height, 888
installation, 879(c)
installation requirements, 887
labeling, 885
location, 888
prohibited terminations, 891
sealed combustion chambers, 886(a)
size, 895
special venting, 886
standards, 850
supports, 890
temperature, 854(a)
tests, 879(b)
thimbles, 894
types, 884
B and BW, 855
Gates, charging, 841
Gauges,
non-mercury, 922 (d)(4)
utilizing mercury, 902 (b)
Girders, fire protection, 324
Glass block, 10.5 (RS 10-1A),10.13 (RS 10-1B )
Glass panels, Subchapter 10, Art. 12
structural design, 643
Glazing, slow-burning plastic, 331(e)
skylights, 338(d)(2)
Grade beams, 658(b)
Grading, discontinuous operations, 1027(b)
Grain elevators, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (A)
Grandstands, 548(b)
construction, 548(b)(1)
live loads, moving, 562(i)
motor vehicle parking, 548(b)(4)
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-2)
parking, 548(b)(4)
Gravity tanks, 945(b)(3), 965
Greenhouses, glazing, 338(e)
inside Fire Districts, 297(f)
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (B-2)
roof structures, 338(e)
Greenrooms, 546(b)(11)
Gridirons, places of assembly, 546(b)(6)
Grillages, 684(c)
Grilles, noise control, 770(d)
Grist mills, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (A)
Ground signs, 500, 506(a)
inside Fire districts, 297(i)
location, 500
supports, 500(c)
Ground water, 661(b)
Group Homes (definition), 232, Table 3-2, 375(i)(1)(b), 380
Grout, 3.4 (RS 10-1A), Section 4 (RS 10-1B)
424
Index
425
Index
Horizontally sliding doors, 371(d)
Hose outlet valves, 942(a)
Hose stations, 942
auxiliary, 942(d)
hose quality, 942(c)
hose size, 942(c)
hose type, 942(c)6
length of hose, 942(b)(1)
location, 942(b)
outlet valves, 942(a)
Hospitals, fire alarm systems, 972(e)
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (H-2)
plumbing, 912
Hot water piping, Subchapter 14, Art. 10
Hotels, marquees, 313(a)(4)
Occupancy Classifications, Table 3-2, (J-1)
Hydrants, yard, 933
Hydraulic hammers, 700(c)(1)
Hydrostatic pressures, lateral loads, 670(a)
I
Illuminated signs, 505
ground signs, 505(a)
marquee signs, 505(a)
projecting signs, 505(a)
roof signs, 505(a)
wall signs, 505(a)
Impact Noise Rating (INR), 769(b)(1)
Impact protection, structural member, 324(b)
Incinerators, Subchapter 14, Art. 18
auxiliary heat, 842
charging chutes, 834(a), 840
noise control, 770(b)(2)
charging gates, 841
chimney connectors, 878
combined chimney, 876(c)
connectors, chimneys, 878
construction, 843
draft control, 839
emission control, 835
emissions, 835
exhaust flues, 840
industrial chimneys, 877
instruction posting, 848
masonry, 843(a)
municipal chimneys, 877
performance, 836
permitted types, 835
required types, 835
rooms, 837
fixed ventilation, 838
service, chimneys, 876
steel-cased, 843(b)
Index pile, 700(c)(3)b
Induction units, noise control, 770(d)
Industrial Code Labor Law, 1007
426
Index
fuel burning equipment, 794(b), 798
gas piping, 919
hoisting ropes, 1012, 1047(c)(3)
lifts, requirements, 999(c)
masonry requirements, Table 10-1
pilings, 721
plumbing, 919
notification, 920
power-operated scaffolds, 998(e), 1049
refrigeration systems, 781(a)
reports, commissioner acceptance, 207
retaining structures, 1010
revolving doors, 371(m)(3)
right of, 205
scaffolds, 1000, 1045(b)
shoring, 1010
signs, 508(b)
sprinkler systems, 967
standpipe systems, 951
steel requirements, Table 10-2
structural design, failure of performance, 597
subgrade, 723
suspended scaffolds, 1045(b)
temporary construction, 1010
test expense, 207
underpinning, 1010
unreinforced masonry requirements, Table 10-2
unsafe conditions, 1012
Inspector identification, 206
Installation, sprinkler systems, 959(b)
standards, 956
standpipe systems standards, 950
Installer license, oil-burning equipment, 796
Institutional Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (H-1)
Institutional plumbing, 912
Insulation, combustible roof, 337(c)
materials, 811
Interior finish, 348
classification, 348(b)
Class II-A construction, 348(c)(3)
corridors, 348(c)(4)(d), 369(k)
exits, 348(d)
flame-spread rating, 348(b)
floor coverings, 348(c)(1)
flooring, 348(c)(1)
in place of assembly, 529
paint, 348(c)(2)
laboratories using radioactive materials, 415(f)
toxicity, 348(e)
wallpaper, 348(c)(2)
Interior stairs, 375
capacity, 375(a)
guards, 375(f)
handrails, 375(f)
headroom, 375(c)
interior finish, 375(i)(3)
landings, 375(d)
platforms, 375(d)
width, 375(b)
Irritants, airborne, ventilation of rooms with, 766
J
Jacks, 1064
rated capacity, 1064(a)
slip form construction, 1035(g)(4)
Jails, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (H-1)
Jetting, 705(b)
Joists, steel, 1034(a)(2)
ceiling, 622(c)(5)
open web steel, 614(c)
K
Kindergartens, occupant load, Table 6-2
Kitchens, industrial, Occupancy Classification,
Table 3-2 (D-1)
occupant load, Table 6-2
ventilation, 758
L
Laboratories, industrial, Occupancy Classification,
Table 3-2 (D-2)
occupant load, Table 6-2
using radioactive materials, construction, 415(a)
electrical controls, 415(e)
floors, 415(b)
interior finish, 415(c)
plumbing, 415(g)
sprinkler protection, 415(d)
ventilation, 415(f)
Labor law, 1007
Lacquers, 406
Ladders, swimming pools, 489(c)
Landings, construction, 375(h)
exterior stairs, 376(c)
fire escape, 380(c)
interior stairs, 375(d)
lighting, 381(a)
Lanterns, 1023(a)
Lateral loads, earth pressures, 670(a)
hydrostatic pressures, 670(a)
piles, 701
surcharges, 670(a)
wind, 670(b)
Laundries, industrial, Occupancy
Classification, Table 3-2 (D-2)
Leaders, combustible construction, 335
Lecture halls, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-lb)
Libraries, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (G)
427
Index
Lifts, automotive, 991(c)
console, construction, 991(f)
industrial construction, 991(d)
stage, 546(b)(2)b, 991(f)
temporary use permits, 1002
work permits, 1001
Light duty scaffolds, 1042(b)(3)a
Lighting, 725
aisle, 532(a)(9)
artificial, Subchapter 12, Art. 4
bathrooms, 738
places of assembly, 737
toilet rooms, 738
balcony, 381(a)
borrowed, 369(i)
bridge, 381(a)
construction walkway, 1020
corridor, 381(a)
cross aisle, 532(a)(9)
emergency, assembly spaces, 542
escalator, 381(a)
exit, Subchapter 6, Art. 6
passageways, 381(a)
in places of assembly, 540
exterior space, 540(b)
footbridge, 1021(f)(3)
landings, 381(a)
motion picture projections, 543
natural, Subchapter 12, Art. 13
pedestrian bridges, 1021(f)(3)
platforms, 381(a)
projection machines, 543(b)
ramps, 381(a)
red, 1023(a)
safe areas, 540(a)
spotlights, 543(c)
stage, 546(b)(12)
in places of assembly, 547(b)(4)
stairs, 381(a)
temporary sidewalks, 1021(e)
tunnels, 381(a)
walkways, 1021(e)
warning, 1023
Light projection, 543
Linear accelerators, 416
Lintels, fire protection, 324, 326
stone, fire protection, 326
Liquid-seal traps, 901(o)
Live loads, Subchapter 9, Art. 3, 566
areaways, 558(b)(1)
balconies, 558(b)(1)
bumpers, 558(b)(4)
catch platforms, 1022(b)
concentrated, 557(b)
concrete formwork, 1035(c)(1)
construction elevator, (RS 9-2)
conformance, 557(d)
428
Index
429
Index
430
Index
marquees, 313(a)(4)
Multiple dwellings,noise control, Subchapter 12, Art. 9
N
Nailing schedule, Table 19-4
Nailing schedule, construction, Table 10-4
Natural lighting, Subchapter 12, Art. 3
Natural ventilation, Subchapter 12, Art. 6
alcoves, 747
balconies, 748
habitable rooms, 746
occupiable rooms, 745
sources, 749
ventilating openings, 749
Netting, safety, 1022
New building permits, 148(a)
Night clubs, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-4)
431
Index
drive-in-theaters, Table 3-2 (F-2)
exhibition halls, Table 3-2 (F-3)
galleries, Table 3-2 (F-3)
grandstands, Table 3-2 (F-2)
gymnasiums, Table 3-2 (F-3)
lecture halls, Table 3-2 (F-1b)
motion picture theaters, Table 3-2 (F-1b)
museums, Table 3-2 (F-3)
night clubs, Table 3-2 (F-4)
opera houses, Table 3-2 (F-1a)
passenger terminals, Table 3-2 (F-3)
planetariums, Table 3-2 (F-1b)
playhouses, Table 3-2 (F-1a)
restaurants, Table 3-2 (F-4)
skating rinks, Table 3-2 (F-2)
snack bars, Table 3-2 (F-4)
sports arenas, Table 3-2 (F-1b)
taverns, Table 3-2 (F-4)
theaters, Table 3-2 (F-1a)
business, banks, Table 3-2 (E)
barber and beauty shops, Table 3-2 (E)
civic administration buildings, Table 3-2 (E)
office buildings, Table 3-2 (E)
radio and television stations, Table 3-2 (E)
telephone exchanges, Table 3-2 (E)
doubtful, 268
educational, academies, Table 3-2 (G)
libraries, Table 3-2 (G)
schools, Table 3-2 (G)
universities, Table 3-2 (G)
high hazard, Subchapter 3, Art. 3
cereal mills, Table 3-2 (A)
distilleries, Table 3-2 (A)
explosion hazard, 401
feed mills, Table 3-2 (A)
flour mills, Table 3-2 (A)
grain elevators, Table 3-2 (A)
grist mills, Table 3-2 (A)
industrial smoke houses, Table 3-2 (A)
paint shops and storerooms, Table 3-2 (A)
starch mills, Table 3-2 (A)
sugar mills, Table 3-2 (A)
tanneries, Table 3-2 (A)
unlisted, 401
industrial, automotive repair shops, Table 3-2 (D-1)
automotive service stations, Table 3-2 (D-1)
baking plants, Table 3-2 (D-1)
boiler and furnace rooms, Table 3-2 (D-2)
breweries, Table 3-2 (D-1)
equipment rooms, Table 3-2 (D-2)
foundries, Table 3-2 (D-1)
heliports, Table 3-2 (D-1)
kitchens, Table 3-2 (D-2)
laboratories, Table 3-2 (D-2)
laundries, Table 3-2 (D-2)
power plants, Table 3-2 (D-2)
scenery shops, Table 3-2 (D-1)
432
Index
floors, 357
garages, Table 6-2
gymnasiums, Table 6-2
habitable rooms, Table 6-2
industrial shops, Table 6-2
institutional sleeping rooms, Table 6-2
kindergartens, Table 6-2
kitchens, Table 6-2
laboratories, Table 6-2
libraries, Table 6-2
locker rooms, 358(c), Table 6-2
meeting rooms, 358(c)
modifications, 358(b)
nonsimultaneous occupancy, 358(c)
offices, Table 6-2
open parking structures, Table 6-2
passenger terminals, Table 6-2
safe areas, 535(a)(2)
sales areas, Table 6-2
seating areas, Table 6-2
skating rinks, Table 6-2
standing room, Table 6-2
storage rooms, 358(c), Table 6-2
toilets, 358(c)
Odors, ventilation of rooms with, 766
Office buildings, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (E)
Office buildings, signs, stair and elevator, Subchapter 6, Art. 9
Offices, occupant load, Table 6-2
open parking lots, 482
Oil burners, chimneys, 832
controls, 831
operator, certificate of fitness, 797(a)
Oil burning equipment, certificates, 797
installer license, 796
standards, 800
Oil flares, 1023(a)
Oil fuels, 807(a)
air supply, 807(a)
Oil level indicator, fuel oil tanks, 830(i)(1)(2)
Oil storage, 405
One-family dwellings, boilers, 419
borings, 663(a)(1)
Occupancy Classification, 243
Openable windows, locks, 371(j)(2)c
Opening protectives, 329
acceptance, 329
automatic sprinklers over, 331(b)
certification, 329
exterior walls, 331(b)
fire divisions, 342
in shafts, 344(b)
tests, 329
Openings, conveyor, 342(b)
door widths, 371(e)
exit, 534
exterior wall, 331(a)
vertical separation, 331(f)
433
Index
434
Index
435
Index
F-4, 549
gridirons, 546(b)(6)
interior finish, 529
live loads, 558(b)(1)
location, 526
outdoor, 548(a)
ramps, 538(d)
rigging lofts, 546(b)(6)
safe areas, 535
scenery, 546(a)(1), 546(b)(5)
seating plans, 528
seating requirements, 531(a)
seating sections, 546
stage lighting, 546(b)(12)
stairs, 538
Plan approval, applicant, 140
applicant's statement, 142
application examination, 143
architectural, structural and mechanical
drawings application, 139(d)
composite, 157
conditional, 145
content, 141
copies, 141
endorsement, 146
floor and roof plans application, 139(c)
forms, 141
foundation plans application, 139(b)
lot diagram application, 139(a)
plan examination, 143
time limitations, 144
Planetariums, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-1b)
Planking, 1042(c) maximum permissible spans, Table 19-5
platforms, structural, 1052(a)
scaffold, 1043(c)
Plans, air conditioning, 774
air cooling, 774
air heating, 774
data required on, 590
fire alarms, 926
mechanical ventilation, 774
refrigeration, 774
sprinklers, 926
standpipe systems, 926
Plastic, in skylights, 338(d)(1)
slow burning, 330
Platform hoists, 1056
Platforms, construction, 375(h)
exterior stairs, 376(c)
interior stairs, 375(d)
lighting, 381(a)
loading, load bearing tests, 682(b)(1)
ramps, 377(c)(3)
seating, 531(a)(3)
in seating sections, 546(a)(2)
structural, 1052
guard rail, 1052(b)
436
Index
planking, 1052(a)
Playgrounds, public fencing, 509
Playhouses, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (la)
Plumbing, 896
condemned materials, 901(r)
connections, public water, 901(e)
sewer system, 901(e)
definitions, 898
existing, 916
fire-rated construction, 901(z)(2)
through fire-resistant construction, 903
fixtures, location, 901(n)
required, 901(l)
smooth-surfaced, 901(m)
general requirements, 901
hospital, 912
inspection, 919
notification, 920
installation limitation, 901(z)
institutional, 912
laboratories using radioactive materials, 415(g)
Plumbing maintenance, 901(u)
materials, 901(q)
condemned, 901(r)
nonconforming, 902
permits, see Permits plumbing and Permits,
plumbing applications
plans, 899
prohibited substances, 901(h)
required fixtures, 901(l)
stacks, dead loads, 554
standards, 897
single room occupancy multiple dwellings, 198
tests, 901(t), 921
water conservation, 901(c)
weather protection, 901(w)
Plywood, 617(b), RS 10-9
Pole foundations, 684(b)
Poles, footings, 684(b)
Pole scaffolds, see Scaffolds, pole
Pollution control, air, Code, 1019(a)
Pools, requirement, 913
swimming, see Swimming pools
Porches, combustible construction, 336
Porticos, combustible construction, 336
Posted capacity, 527
Posting buildings, posted occupancy and use, 225
posted signs replacement, 226
Potable water, 901(a)
identification, 908(b)
supply requirements, 901(b)
Power buggies, 1035(c)(8), 1053, 1059
Power, emergency, Subchapter 6, Art. 11
Power lines, notice required, 1013(c)
Power-operated cranes & derricks, RS 19-2
Power-operated doors, 371(l)
Power-operated scaffolds, inspection, 1012
Projections, 109
beyond street lines, 307
above grade, 313
air conditioning unit, 313(a)(2)
awning, 313(b)
balcony, 313(a)(3)
band course, 313(a)(2)
base, 313(a)(2)
below grade, 314
bridge, 313(d)
door, 313(a)(1)
drop awning, 313(b)(2)
entrance details, 313(a)
existing, 311
existing alterations, 311(a)
fire escapes, 313(a)(3)
fixed, 313(a)
flagpole, 313(a)(6)
footing, 309, 314(a)
foundation wall, 314(b)
grill, 313(a)(2)
header, 313(a)(2)
light fixture, 313(a)(5)
main cornice, 313(a)(2)
marquee, 313(a)(4)
rake, 313(a)(2)
removable, 309
restrictions, 308
roof eave, 313(a)(2)
rustications, 313(a)(2)
sculpture, 313(a)(2)
437
Index
sign, 313(a)(8)
sill, 313(a)(2)
step, 313(a)(1)
store front awning, 313(b)(1)
storm enclosure, 313(c)
sun control device, 313(a)(2)
tunnel, 314(d)
vault, 314(c)
veneer, 313(a)
wall sign, 313(a)(7)
window, 313(a)(2)
building code, 109
Properties, adjoining, see Adjoining properties
Public address systems, fire control station, 546(b)(10)c
Public buildings, marquees, 313(a)(4)
Public garages, 419(b), Subchapter 7, Art. 10
classification, 451
construction, floor, 452
entrances, 453
exits, 457
furnaces, 419(b)
heating equipment, 459
pits, 456(a),(d)
railings, 452
ramps, 458
roof parking, 454, 457(c)
guard rail, 454
parapet wall, 454
sprinkler systems, 455
ventilation, 456
Public playgrounds, fencing, 509
Pump rooms, standpipe systems, 946(b)
Pumps, booster, sprinkler systems, 964
fire, 946
automatic, 945(b)(5)
gasoline, 441
open parking lots, 482(a)
noise control, 770(b)(5)
transfer, fuel oil tanks, 829(b)(2)
Putlogs, 1043(c)(1)
Q
Quality control, aluminum, 627
concrete, 605(a)(5)
steel, 616
R
Radiation machines, 416
Radiation-producing equipment, see Subchapter 7, Art. 4
Radiation protection, state industrial code, 414
Radioactive materials, Subchapter 7, Art. 4
storage, 417
vaults, 417
Radio and television towers, access, 495
construction, 496
location, 495
Radiological hazards, City Health Code, 414
Radio stations, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (E)
Rafters, wood, 622(c)(5)
438
Index
439
Index
Shores, 1035(d)
Shoring, 1035(c)(5), 1035(e), 1036(d)
demolition, 1039(e)(2)d
excavations, 1032(a)
inspection, 1010
reshoring, 1035(f)
Show windows, 331(c)
Shutters, combustible construction, 335
Siamese connections, 940
sprinkler systems, 959
construction, 959(b)
installation, 959(b)
Sidewalk elevators, 988
Sidewalks, contractor sheds, 1021(a)(1)
live loads, 558
obstruction, 1020
protection of, 1021
440
Index
ventilation, 758(c)
Soil bearing pressure, 668
allowable, Subchapter 11, Art. 4, 678
Soil borings, 663(d)(1)
Soil classification, 675
Soil load bearing tests, Subchapter 11, Art. 5
controlled inspection, 720
Soils, treatment, 679(c)
nominally unsatisfactory, 679(c)
nominally satisfactory, 679(c)
Soil samples, 663(f)
recovery, 663(d)(1)
Soil stacks, existing, 917
Solid fuels, 807(c)
air supply, 807(c)
Solvents, storage, 405
Sound power levels, Table 12-3
maximum permitted for exterior
mechanical equipment adjoining
buildings, Table 12-4
Sound Transmission Class (STC), 769 (a)(1), ratings,
769(a)(2)
Spaces, area limitations, 302
classifications, 234, 238, 270
Special occupancies, ventilation, 767
441
Index
domestic, 962(d)
required conditions, 962(d)
nonautomatic sources, 961(d)
required sources, 962
Stability, Subchapter 11, Art. 12
factor of safety, 718
overturning, 718(a)
sliding, 718(b)
Stabilized overburden pressure, 680
Stables, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (B-1)
Stack bond, 7.7 (RS 10-1A), 10.12 (RS 10-1B)
Stadiums, live loads, moving, 562(i)
Stage areas, seating plan, 528(c)
Stage floor, construction, 546(b)(2)
Stage lifts, 546(b)(2)b
construction, 991(f)
Stage lighting, 546(b)(12)
in places of assembly, 546(a)(2)
Stages, auxiliary spaces, 546(b)(11)
exits, 546(b)(11)b
sprinklers, 546(b)(11)d
construction, in F-2 places of assembly, 548(c)
exits, 546(b)(4)
in F-2 places of assembly, 548(c)(3)
fire control station, 546(b)(10)
F-3 or F-4 places of assembly, 549
occupant load, 546(b)(4)
F-2 places of assembly, 548(c)(3)
Stair doors, 375(g)
locks, 371(j)(1)
Stair enclosures, 375(i)
ducts, 375(j)
fire department access panels, 375(j)
openings, 375(j)
pipes, 375(j)
windows, 375(j)
Stairs, access, 375(i)(2)
dead loads, 555(b)
exit capacities, Table 6-1
exit, see exits, stairs,
exterior, see exterior stairs
fire escape, 380(b)
firestopping, 345, 345(c)
interior, see interior stairs
lighting, 381(a)
in places of assembly, 538
roof, 375(a), 375(k)
spiral, 375(l)
unenclosed, 375(i)(l)c
Stairwells, live loads, 558(b)(1)
Standard scaffolds, see scaffolds, standard
Standee areas, assembly spaces, 531(7)
protective guards, 531(a)(8)
Standing room, occupant load, Table 6-2
Standpipes systems, 923
automatic dry, 932(b)
connected to city water system, 945(b)(1), 962(g)
442
Index
cross connections, 941
devices used, 939
exempt buildings, 932(d)
existing, 930(a)
extension of building, 930(b)
fireline systems, electrical tests, 977
communication system, 975
fire command station, 975
installation, 976
signaling systems, 974
telephone systems, where required, 974
fire protection, 1014(b)
fire pumps, 946
automatic, 945(b)(5)
power supply, 943(c)
water supply, 947(b)
heliports, 437
hose omission, 942(c)(5)
inspection, 951
installation standards, 950
maximum pressure, 943
nonautomatic, 932(b)
occupancy, group E, 954(i)
omission of service, 937
open parking structures, 472
permits, 927
plans, 926
pressure reducing valves, 944
protection, 949
pump rooms, 946(b)
requirements, Subchapter 17, Art. 3, 932
risers, high, 945(c)
location, 936
low, 945(c)
number of, 935
size of, 938
use for sprinkler systems, 945(d)
siamese connections, 940
signal systems, 952
standards, 924
in structures being demolished, 934
in structures being erected, 934
tests, 951
three-way manifold, 942(a)(2)
water supply, 945
additional, 946(a)
control valve, 947(a)
direct connection to, 947
primary, 945(a)
supplying, 945(b)
wet, 932(a)
Starch mills, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (A)
State industrial code, radiation protection, 414
Steam piping, Subchapter 14, Art. 10
Steam hammers, 700(a)(1)
Steel, Subchapter 10, Art. 6
identification, 615
443
Index
Structural materials, controlled inspection, Table 10-1
inspection requirements, Table 10-1
Structural members, in cavity walls, fire protection, 324(c)
exposed to outdoors, fire protection, 324(c)
fire protection, 324
impact protection, 324(b)
Structural platforms, see Platforms, structural
Structural steel, 614(a), (RS 10-5A, RS 10-5B)
Structure-borne noise, 769(b), 770(b)
Structures, adjoining, see adjoining structures
Structures, air-supported, see air-supported structures
Stud walls, wood, 622(a)
Sugar mills, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2(A)
Supermarkets, marquees, 313(a)(4)
Supports,
antenna, combustible construction, 338(j)
chimney, 864
furnace floors, 819
gas vents, 890
ground signs, 500(c)
unit heaters, 814
wall signs, 501
Surcharges, lateral loads, 670(a)
Suspended scaffolds, 1045
hangers, 1046
inspection, 1045(b)
ladder type platforms, 1046(f)(1)
multiple-point suspension, 1047
needle-beam, 1046(e)(1)
roof irons, 1046(c)
tests required, 1045(b)
two-point suspension, 1046
Suspended structures, Subchapter 10, Art. 11
Suspenders, 636
bridge rope, 636(a)(3)
bridge strand, 636(a)(2)
bridge wire, 636(a)
tests, 637
wire cable, 636(a)
fittings, 640
protection, 642
Swimming pools, Subchapter 7, Art. 15
bottom slopes, 489(b)
construction, 489
drainage, 492
diving boards, 489(h)
dressing facilities, 490
enclosure, 493(b)
hand-holds, 489(e)
heating, 491
ladders, 489(c)
markings, 489(f)
people with physical disabilities, facilities, 493.1
railings, 493
requirements, 913
safety precautions, 493
spectator area, 489(g)
towers, 489(h)
ventilation, 491
walkways, 489(d)
walls, 489(a)
water circulation, 492
water treatment, 492
Synchrotrons, 416
T
Table and chair seating, 531(a)(5)
Tanks, fuel oil, 828(a)
along subway line, 829(f)
buried, construction, 828(a)(4)
coatings for, 828(a)(3)
construction, 828(a),(b)
cylindrical, 828(b)
design, 828(a)
fill pipes, 830(e)
flow control, 830(h)
heating coils, 830(g)
inside buildings, below ground, 829(c)
locations, 829
above the lowest floor, 829(b) piping to, 830(f)
on the lowest floor, 829(a)
minimum thickness, 828(d)(1), 828(e)(2)
oil level indicator, 830(i)(1)
openings in, 828(a)(6)
outside buildings, above ground, 829(e)
outside buildings, below ground, 829(d)
piping, 830
rectangular, 828(c)
transfer pump, 829(b)(2)
vent pipe, 830(d)
gravity, 945(b)(3), 965
inside Fire Districts, 297(h)
pressure, 945(b)(4), 965
water, supports for, 338(h)
heating devices, 901(d)
Tanneries, Occupation Classification, Table 3-2 (A)
444
Index
Terminals, marquee, 313(a)(4)
passenger, occupant load, Table 6-2
Test load, 588
Test pits, 664
Tests, acceptance, elevators, 997
boiler acceptance, 793(a)
bridge wire, 637
concrete, 598
fire protection, Subchapter 5, Art. 2
fuel burning installations, 794(a)
fuel storage installations, 794(a)
gas vent systems, 879(b)
load bearings, correlation of load test
behavior, 682(c)(1)
gross settlement, 682(c)(1)
load increments, 682(b)(2)
loading platform, 682(b)(1)
procedure, 682
report required, 682(c)(1)
test plate, 682(b)(1)
model, 599(a)(5)
opening protectives, 329
plumbing, 901(t), 921
settlement, 682(a)(9)
sketch required, 682
soil load bearing, Subchapter 11, Art. 5
sprinkler systems, 967
standpipe systems, 951
fireline, 974(g)
Theaters, drive-in, 548(c)(4)d
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-2)
projection machine, 548(c)(4)d
live loads, see Live Loads, theaters
marquees, 313(a)(4)
motion picture, Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-lb)
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (F-1a)
Thimbles, 894
ventilating, 861(c)(1)
Ties, masonry, 3.3 (RS 10-1A), 9.7.3 (RS 10-1B)
Timber, 617(a)
Timber piles, 707
end bearings, 707(a)(2)
inverted, 707(c)
lagging, 707(c)
Tobacco Advertising, Subchapter 7, Art. 17A
penalties, 508.7
Toeboards, 1042(g)
outrigger scaffolds, 1044(d)
standard, 1050
Toilet rooms, artificial illumination, 738
dead loads, 555(b)
ventilation, 759
Toilets, occupant load, 358(c)
Tools, explosive powered, Subchapter 19, Art. 11
operation, 1066
Towers, cooling, 338(i)
swimming pools, 489(h)
Toxic substances, ventilation of rooms with, 766
445
Index
V
Vacating buildings, emergency measures, see article
8-A, Title C, Part I
Valves, control, 947(a)
bath and shower, P 107.6 (i)(RS 16)
fuel oil control, 830(h)
hose outlet, 942(a)
pressure reducing, 944
pressure mixing, P107.6(i) (RS-16)
Varnishes, 406
Vehicular traffic control, barricades, 1023(c)
signs, 1023(c)
Veneer, ceramic, 3.21 (RS 10-1A), 10.14.1 (RS 10-1B)
masonry, 3.2 (RS 10-1A), 10.14.3 (RS 10-1B)
Ventilating hoods, 884(e)
Ventilating systems, construction, 777(a)
controlled inspection, 779(a)
filter maintenance, 782
installation, 756
maintenance, Subchapter 13, Art. 3
operation, 756
required, 779
controlled inspection, 779(a)
equipment use permit, 778
owner's statement, 779(c)
tests and inspection requirements, 779
voluntary, equipment use permit, 780
fire extinguishing systems, 780(b)
owner's statement, 780(c)
test and inspection, 780
Ventilation, 725
assembly rooms, 765(c)
auditoria, 765(c)
automotive repair shops, 446
bathrooms, 759
boiler rooms, 424
classrooms, 765(a)
coin-operated dry cleaning units, 429
corridors, 369(j), 761
crawl spaces, 762
dipping spaces, 410
dry cleaning establishments, 428
emergency, in places of assembly, 546(b)(8)
equivalent outdoor air, 754(b)(2)
fixed, incinerator rooms, 838
furnace rooms, 424
J-1 buildings, existing, 777.2
kitchens, 758
laboratories using radioactive materials, 415(f)
locker rooms, 760
lockers, 765(b)
mechanical, see Mechanical ventilation
natural, see Natural ventilation
pantries, 758(c)
private garages, 478
projection booths, 543
446
Index
party, 332
Walls, adjoining, protection of, 1026(c)
exterior, open parking structures, 463
foundation, Subchapter 11, Art. 6
horizontal loads, 578(d)
Wall openings, exterior, Table 3-5, 331(a)
Wall signs, 292(c), 501, 505(a)
Fire Department access, 501(d)
Inside Fire Districts, 297(i)
supports, 501(c)
Wall thickness, unbraced height, 686(b)(2)
Wardrobes, ventilation, 765(b)
Warehouses, marquees, 313(a)(4)
Occupancy Classification, Table 3-2 (B-1)
Warning lights, see Warning signs
Warning signs, 1023
dangerous areas, 1023(b)
flashing beacons, 1023(a)
lighted signs, 1023(a)
obstructions and openings, 1023(a)
oil flares, 1023(a)
red lanterns, 1023(a)
red lights, 1023(a)
refueling, 1054(c)
Wastes, industrial, 896, 901(h)(2)
material removal, 1019(a)
special, 896
Watchmen, 1024
Water, accumulation, discontinued operations, 1027(b)
city, in air conditioning systems, 777(g)
ground, 661(b)
potable, identification, 908(b)
private supply, 907
public supply, 901(e)(2), 906
storm, disposal, 901(k)
supply requirements, 901(b)
well, 901(f)
Water-cement ratio, method 1 concrete, 605(a)(2)
method 11 concrete, 605(b)(3)a
Water circulation, swimming pools, 492
Water closets, minimum in places of assembly,
subchapter 16, article 8
required, 901 (1)
Water closet compartments, mechanical ventilation, 755(c)
Water conservation, 901(c)
Water curtain, for stages in places of assembly, 546(b)(7)b
Waterfront property, Occupancy Certificates, 216
Waterproofing, pit, 819(b)
Water spray nozzles, at conveyor openings, 342(b)
Water supply, cross-connection, 908(a)
sprinkler systems, see Sprinkler systems, water supply
standpipe systems, see Standpipe system, water supply
testing, 922(c)
Water tanks, 338(h)
Water towers, Inside Fire Districts, 297(h)
Welding, aluminum, 627(b)
steel, 616(b)
Well water, 901(f)
Wheelchairs, building access, 308, 357(d)
447
Index
448