Mitosis and Meiosis Study Guide KEY
Mitosis and Meiosis Study Guide KEY
Mitosis and Meiosis Study Guide KEY
INTERPHASE
a. How do sister chromatids differ from chromosomes?
Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a chromatid connected by a centromere.
(Copied during the S-Phase)
DNA replication. The amount of DNA must double so that the cell
has the appropriate number of chromosomes after mitosis.
MITOSIS
PROPHASE
a. Are the two sister chromatids that are connected by a centromere
identical to one another or do they contain different alleles? Explain.
They are identical so that each cell will receive an exact copy of the
DNA after mitosis.
b. As noted above, these structures are called replicated chromosomes
(or, in many books, simply chromosomes). Replicated chromosomes
are quite different from the unreplicated chromosomes seen earlier.
Compare replicated chromosomes to unreplicated ones (by filling in the
blanks below).
(1) the amount of DNA in a replicated chromosome is__2___
times the amount of DNA in an unreplicated chomosome
(2) the number of copies of each gene in a replicated
chromosome is __2___ times the number of copies in an
unreplicated chromosome
(3) each replicated chromosome contains _2____ (insert number)
complete copies of genetic info.
(4) the copies of genetic information in each chromosome are
__identical______________ (identical, homologous, or
complementary)
c. Will the homologous replicated chromosomes pair with one another
during mitosis? Explain.
No. They line of independently from one another since the cell will
receive an exact copy. Homologous pairing only occurs during
MEIOSIS.
d. A diploid human cell contains 46 unreplicated chromosomes in early
interphase. How many sister chromatids will be present in the human
cell during prophase of mitosis?
92
f) Summarize the events of Prophase.
The chromatin condenses and turns into visible chromosomes.
Remember that the DNA has already replicated at this point!
The nucleus and nucleolus disappear.
Spindle fibers form and attach to the centrioles.
(This is the longest phase of mitosis)
METAPHASE
a. How many replicated chromosomes would be on the metaphase
plane in a human cell undergoing mitosis?
46
b. Summarize metaphase.
The chromosomes line of in the center of the cell.
Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
ANAPHASE
a. What are daughter chromosomes?
The individual chromosomes that are pulled apart and will go in the
nucleus of the two new cells.
b. Are the two sets of daughter chromosomes, the one moving toward
the left and the other toward the right, identical or non-identical?
Identical
c. Are the two sets of daughter chromosomes identical to those in the
parent cell?
Identical
d. What is accomplished by this process?
Two sets of identical chromosomes.
e. Summarize anaphase.
Sister chromotids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers into
individual chromatids.
TELOPHASE
a. Summarize what happens in Telophase.
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform.
Chromosomes begin to uncoil.
Spindle fibers disappear.
CYTOKINESIS
a. Does the parent cell still exist?
No, but the two new cells are identical to the old parent cell.
b. Are the daughter cells identical or different from the parent cell?
Identical (except smaller)
d. Overall, what has been accomplished by mitosis?
One cell divides into two exact copies
Meiosis:
a. Summarize the events of Interphase I, Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase
I, and Telophase I.