Mixers-Lect 10 Corrected
Mixers-Lect 10 Corrected
Mixers
Mixers Mixers for non cohesive solids
Mixers for cohesive solids
Disadvantages:
2.Consumption of powder is more than that in tumbling.
3. Grinding of materials may occur.
4. It is not used for fragile particles
Working
The feed is moved into the vessel by the hopper present at the top of the vessel.
To achieve the fast blending the ingredients are loaded top to bottom instead of side to side.
The metallic vessel which rotates either manually or with the help of the electric motor.
In the rotation of the vessel the ingredients come over one another and the function of
mixing takes place.
For the mixing of the large bulk powders, the mixing of the powders is done in the vessel of
a suitable design along with the baffles which gives a thorough mixing.
The rotation of the vessel should be slow so that the powder does not remains stationary
against the side of the vessel held by the centrifugal force but lifted by baffles and falls over
continuously.
Tumblers typically operate at speeds of 5-25 rpm and have capacities of 0.5 - 200 ft3. They
can be filled to about 75% of their maximum capacity.
Types
The tumbler mixer is divided into two types based on the rotation or working of the vessel.
These are as follows: 3
1. Manual tumbler mixer
2. Automatic tumbler mixer
ADVANTAGES
Easy of cleaning.
Sticking of the powder particles can be avoided to the walls of the tumbler vessel.
DISADVANTAGES
Impact wheels- resemble attrition mills and are widely used for
blending fine light powder such as insecticides. The feed mixture is
introduced continuously near the centre of the disk, either vertical or
horizontal, spinning at a very high speed. As a result, the solids are
thrown outwards into a stationary casing. The solids experience very
large shearing forces as they travel along the disk surface and
therefore they get blended thoroughly. To improve efficiency, the
product may be repeated recycled back to the mixer or a number of
units in series may be used.
Kneader Mixers
Pug mill- A pug mill consists of one or two shafts fitted with short,
heavy paddles mounted in a cylinder or trough which holds the
material being processed. The feed is introduced at one end and the
paddles push the material forward as they cut through it, thus
carrying the charge towards the discharge end as it is mixed. The
powder is discharged either through open ports or through extrusion
nozzles. Pug mills are often built with jackets for heating or cooling
and they find wide application in the ceramic industry for blending
and homogenizing clay products.
Pug Mill
A pug mill is a machine in which materials are simultaneously ground
and mixed with a liquid.
Industrial applications are found in pottery, bricks, cement and some
parts of the concrete mixing processes.
A pugmill consists of a lined mixing chamber with two horizontal shafts on
which several paddle shanks, each with two paddle tips, are mounted. The
paddle tips are adjustable and fairly easily replaced. The paddle areas are
adjusted to ensure there are no dead areas in the pugmill. A dead area is
a location where aggregates can accumulate out of reach of the paddles and
not be thoroughly mixed.
Some run their clay through the pugmill to make it easier to throw.
Their clay may be a little hard and they soften it some in the
process. But even without adding water, wheel throwers in
particular say the clay becomes easier to work with after running it
through the pugmill. When clay sits in a bag, it tends to dry out unevenly, and re-pugging evens
out the moisture levels. It also realigns the clay particles which makes throwing easier.
Of course this can also be accomplished by wedging the clay yourself. You have probably seen
that experienced potters usually wedge their clay when they take it out of the bag. Basically,
running the clay through the pugmill takes the place of the wedging process. And it is much easier
on the wrists. This is particularly important for those who throw a lot of clay or are older.
Another very common reason people purchase pugmills is to recycle scraps.
De-airing pugmills use a vacuum to suck air out of the clay.
Vacuums do tend to dry the clay out a little. And some potters don't like them because the vacuum is one more
thing to break. But if you have a de-airing pugmill, the vacuum can be turned on and off as desired.
Roll Mixing Mills are widely used for mixing and kneading raw rubber,
synthetic rubber, thermoplastics
The degree of mixing in mixing rolls is controlled by:
Muller Mixers
The outward and inward relative slippage of a rotating muller wheel and the side slippage of the muller wheel
eccentrically mounted on the spindle are combined to efficiently demonstrate the "three principles for mulling
(kneading)" and produce quality mixtures.
Spatulation: The powder rolling action created by the side slippage of a muller wheel
Smearing: The powder shearing action created by the slippage of a rotating muller wheel