Polyphase Rectifier
Polyphase Rectifier
Polyphase Rectifier
Energy
Energy - Energy, or work, is the integral of instantaneous power.
Observing the passive sign convention, energy absorbed
by a component in the time interval from t1 to t2 is
The effective value is the square root of the mean of the square
of the voltagehence the term root mean square.
EFFECTIVE VALUES: RMS
Similarly, rms current is developed from P = I2rms as
The effective value is the square root of the mean of the square
of the voltagehence the term root mean square.
EFFECTIVE VALUES: RMS
The usefulness of the rms value of voltages and currents lies in
the computing power absorbed by resistances.
Additionally, ac power system voltages and currents are
invariably given in rms values.
Ratings of devices such as transformers are often specified in
terms of rms voltage and current.
EFFECTIVE VALUES: RMS
If a voltage is the sum of more than two periodic voltages, all
orthogonal, the rms value is
EFFECTIVE VALUES: RMS
EXAMPLE: Determine the effective (rms) value of v(t) = 4 + 8 sin (1t +
10) 5 sin (2t + 50) for (a) 2 = 21 and (b) 2 = 1
SOLUTION:
a. When the sinusoids are of different frequencies, the terms are
orthogonal
EFFECTIVE VALUES: RMS
SOLUTION:
b. For sinusoids of the same frequency, it is non orthogonal, the integral of
the cross product over one period is not zero.
First combine the sinusoids using phasor addition:
When the voltage and current are half-wave rectified sine waves,
Half-Wave Rectifiers with RESISTIVE LOAD
In the preceding discussion, the diode was assumed to be ideal.
For a real diode, the diode voltage drop will cause the load voltage and
current to be reduced, but not appreciably if Vm is large.
For circuits that have voltages much larger than the typical diode
drop, the improved diode model may have only second-order effects
on the load voltage and current computations.
Solution to Problem 1
RESISTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD
Industrial loads typically contain
inductance as well as resistance.
As the source voltage goes through
zero, becoming positive in the circuit of Fig.
given, the diode becomes forward-biased.
RESISTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD
The Kirchhoff voltage law equation
that describes the current in the circuit for
the forward-biased ideal diode is
RESISTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD
The solution can be obtained by
expressing the current as the sum of the
forced response and the natural response:
RESISTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD
The forced response for this circuit is
the current that exists after the natural
response has decayed to zero.
In this case, the forced response is the
steady-state sinusoidal current that would
exist in the circuit if the diode were not
present.
RESISTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD
This steady-state current can be found
from phasor analysis, resulting in:
RESISTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD
To summarize, the current in the half-
wave rectifier circuit with RL load
RESISTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD
The average power absorbed by the load is I2rmsR, since the
average power absorbed by the inductor is zero.
The rms value of the current is determined from the current
function
RL-SOURCE LOAD
Supplying Power to a DC Source from an AC Source
RL-SOURCE LOAD
The average power absorbed by the resistor is I2rmsR, where