Bifurcations PDF
Bifurcations PDF
Exercise 1.1 For the following system, sketch all the qualitatively different
vector fields that occur as r is varied. Show that a saddle-node bifurcation
occurs at a critical value of r, to be determined. Finally sketch the bifurcation
diagram of fixed points x versus r.
x = 1 + rx + x2
Exercise 2.1 For the following system, sketch all the qualitatively different
vector fields that occur as r is varied. Show that a transcritical bifurcation
occurs at a critical value of r, to be determined. Finally sketch the bifurcation
diagram of fixed points x versus r.
x = x rx(1 x)
Exercise 3.1 For the following system, sketch all the qualitatively different
vector fields that occur as r is varied. Show that a pitchfork bifurcation
occurs at a critical value of r, to be determined. Finally sketch the bifurcation
diagram of fixed points x versus r.
rx
x = x +
1 + x2
1
(c.) Show that the system can have one, two, or three fixed points, depending
on the values of a and h. Classify the stability of the fixed points in each
case.
(d.) Analyze the dynamics near x = 0 and show that a bifurcation occurs
when h = a. What type of bifurcation is it?
(e.) Show that another bifurcation occurs when h = 14 (a + 1)2 , for a < ac ,
where ac is to be determined. Classify this bifurcation.
(c.) Numerically plot phase portraits for values of between 1 and 0.5.
What happens to the unstable manifold through the origin as is varied?
(d.) Numerically find the critical value of at which the stable and un-
stable manifolds through the origin intersect. (This is called a homoclinic
connection or homoclinic orbit.)
(e.) Plot a few phase portraits for -values above and below this critical value
and describe what happens to the unstable manifold through the origin.
References