The Nuer

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VANGUARD BOOKSELLERS

(Pty.), Ltd.
28, Joubert Street, Joh*nnebur
THE NUER

1
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
AMEN IIOUSE, E.C. 4
Lon don Edin burgh Glasgow New York
Toron to Melbourn e Capetown Bombay
Calcutta Madras
HUMPHREY MILFORD
BUBLISHF.R TO THE
UNIVERSITY
Snction of iiomestnad and kraal (lkistern Gaajok)
THE NUER
A DESCRIPTION OF
THE MODES OF LIVELIHOOD AND
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF
A NILOTIC PEOPLE

BY

E. E. EVANS-PRITCHARD
M.A. ( OXON .), PH.D. ( LONDON )
RESEARCH LECTURER IN AFR1CAN SOCIOLOGY AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
SOMETEME PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY AT THE
EGYPTIAN UNIVERSITY, CAIRO

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1940
PRINTED IN GREAT BRJTAIN
TO
THE S T A F F O F T H E
AMERICAN MISSION
AT NASSER
Ali, the land of the rustling of wings, whicli is
beyond the rivers of Ethiopia: that sendeth
ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of
papyrus upon the waters, (saying) Go ye swift
messengers, to a nation tall and smooth, to a
people terrible from theirbeginningonward; a
nation that rneteth out and treadeth down, whose
land the rivers divide.
(THE HOLY BIBLE (Revised Versin),
Isaiah xviii. 1-2.)
PREFACE
MY study of the Nuer was undertaken at the request of, and was mainly financed by,
the Government of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, which also contributed generously
towards the publica- tion of its results. Part of the inquiry was carried out as a
Leverhulme Research Fellow. To the Sudan Government and to the Leverhulme
Research Fellowships Committee I make grateful acknowledgements.
I owe Professor and Mrs. C. G. Seligman a great debt for their friendship during
the last fifteen years. Without their backing and encouragement this book might not
have been written. Moreover, although they made no investigations among the Nuer,
their brilliant researches among other Nilotic peoples, particularly the Shilluk and
Dinka,laid thefoundations of all fu ture studies in these regions. 1
I thank all those in the Sudan, at Khartoum and in Nuerland, who have given me
hospitality and assistance; Sir John Maffey, then Governor-General; Sir Flarold
MacMichael, then Civil Secretary; Mr. and Mrs. S. Hillelson; Mr. C. A. Willis, Mr. A.
G. Pawson, Mr. M. W. Parr, and Mr. E. G. Coryton, who were in turn Governors of
the Upper Nile Province; Mr. P. Coriat, Capt. A. H. A. Alban, Capt. H. A. Romilly, Mr.
J. F. Tierney, the late Mr. L. F. Hamer, Mr. B. J. Chatterton, Mr. B. A. Fewis, and Mr.
F. D. Corfield, all of whom were at one time Com- missioners of Nuer Districts. To
Mr. F. D. Corfield, amico et condiscpulo meo, I am especially grateful for the
interest he has shown in my work and for his generosity in allowing me to use many
of his fine photographs.
I thank also the staff of the American Mission at Nasser, of the Congregation of
Verona at Yoahnyang, and of the Church Missionary Society at Ler. I wish to make
particular acknow- ledgement to the staff of the American Mission, especially to Miss
B. Soule, who unreservedly placed their home, their time, and their knowledge at my
disposal. I dedcate this book to them not only as an expression of personal
gratitude, but also as a tribute to their devoted Service to the Nuer.
1
PAGAN TRIBCS OF THE NILOTIC SUDAN, by C. G. and B. Z. Seligman, 1932.
viii PREFACE
My warmest thanks are further rendered to the many Nuer who made me their
guest and befriended me. Rather than speak of individuis, I express my general
respect for this brave and gentle people.
The following friends and colleagues have read this book and have given me
valuable criticism and advice: Professor C. G. Seligman, Professor A. R. Radcliffe-
Brown, whose influence on the theoretical side of my work will be obvious to any
student of anthropology, Dr. M. Fortes, and Dr. H. M. Gluckman. I owe a special
debt to Dr. Fortes. My ideas about the aims and methods of Social Anthropology
have been influenced by the many talks we have had on the subject during several
years of comradeship and, since in such a relationship it is not easy to State what one
has taken and given, I acknowledge unreservedly that I have been greatly stimulated
by our discussions.
Professor Seligman has pointed out to me, in reading the proofs, that my use of
horticulture and horticulturah is unusual. I did not intend to depart from
conventional usage. However, I did not feel justified in altering these words to agri-
culture and agricultural throughout the book in the present difficulties of
publication. Readers who prefer agriculture and agricultural can make the
substitution for themselves.
A considerable part of the facts related in this book have been previously
recorded, chiefly in Sudan Notes and Records and Africa, and I thank the editors of
these journals and the editor of Custom is King for permission to republish them. I
am indebted also to the editors and printers of both journals, to George Routledge &
Sons, Ltd., and to Messrs. Hutchinson & Co., for the use of photographic blocks.
Several friends have lent me photographs, sketch-maps, and diagrams. These are
acknowledged in the list of piafes and figures, but I desire to record expressly my
gratitude to Mr. F. D. Corfield, Dr. H. E. Hurst, Director of the Physical Depart ment
of the Egyptian Government, Mr. B. A. Lewis, Mr. C. L. Armstrong, the staff of the
American Mission, Nasser, the late Mr. L. F. Hamer, Dr. E. S. Crispin, and Yuzbashi
Talib Ismail.
My thanks are due to Mr. W. R. Key for his many secretarial Services in the
preparation of this volume.
E. E. E.-P.

January 1940
CONTENTS
LIST OF PLATES . . . . .x

LIST OF MAPS AND TEXT FIGURES . . xi

INTRODUCTORY . . . . . i

. INTERESE IN CATTLE . . . .16

. OECOLOGY . . . . . .51

II. TIME AND SPACE . . . . .94

IV. THE POLITICAL SYSTEM . . . . 1 3 9

V. THE LINEAGE SYSTEM . . . . 1 9 2

VI. THE AGE-SET SYSTEM. SUMMARY . . . 2 4 9

INDEX . . . . . . . 2 6 7
LIST OF PLATES

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