Circle: Einstein Classes
Circle: Einstein Classes
CIRCLE
A circle is the locus of a point moving in a plane so that it always remains at a constant distance from a fixed
point. The fixed point is called its center and the constant distance is called its radius.
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 2
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 3
Practice Problems :
1. Prove that the centres of the circles x2 + y2 = 1, x2 + y2 + 6x 2y 1 = 0 and x2 + y2 12x + 4y = 1 are
collinear.
2. If the equation of two diameters of a circle are 2x + y = 6 and 3x + 2y = 4 and the radius is 10, find the
equation of the circle.
3. Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (1, 2) and which passes through the point of
intersection of 3x + y = 14 and 2x + 5y = 18.
4. Find the equation of the circle whose radius is 5 and the centre lies on the positive sides of x-axis at
a distance 5 from the origin.
5. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points (1, 2) and (3, 2) and whose centre
lies on the line x 2y = 0.
6. Find the equation of the circle which touches both the axes and whose radius is a.
7. Find the equation of the circle, the end point of whose diameter are (2, 3) and (2, 4). Find its
centre and radius.
8. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (1, 0), (0, 1) and (1, 2).
[Answers : (2) x2 + y2 16x + 20y + 64 = 0 (3) x2 + y2 2x 4y 4 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 10x = 0
1 65
(5) x2 + y2 4x 2y 5 = 0 (6) x2 + y2 2ax 2ay a2 = 0 (7) x2 + y2 y 16 = 0; 0, ;
2 2
2 2
(8) x + y + 2x + 2y 3 = 0]
and AC r respectively.
Practice Problems :
1. Does the point (2.5, 3.5) lie inside, outside or on the circle x2 + y2 = 25 ?
2. Discuss the position of the points (1, 2) and (6, 0) with respect to the circle x2 + y2 4x + 2y 11 = 0.
3. Find the minimum and maximum distance from the point (2, 7) to the circle
x2 + y2 14x 10y 151 = 0
4. If the point (, ) lies inside the circle x2 + y2 4x + 2y 8 = 0, then find range of .
[Answers : (2) (1, 2) lies inside and (6, 0) lies outside (3) minimum : 2, maximum : 28 (4) (1, 4)]
ma 2 a 2
2. The line y = mx + c touches circle x2 + y2 = a2 if c2 = a2(1 + m2) at point , .
c c
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 4
3. The line y = mx + c does not intersect the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at all if c2 > a2 (1 + m2).
4. Equation of the pair of straight lines passing through the origin and the points of intersection of the line
lx + my + n = 0 and the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is x 2 + y 2 + (2gx + 2fy)
2
lx my lx my
c 0.
n n
Practice Problems :
1. Prove that for all values of , x sin y cos = p touches the circle x2 + y2 = p2.
2. Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (1, 3) and which touches the line 2x y 4 = 0.
3. Write down the equation of a circle concentric with the circle x2 + y2 4x + 6y 17 = 0 and tangent to
the line 3x 4y + 7 = 0.
4. If the line px + qy + r = 0 touches the circle x2 + y2 = a2 then prove that r2 = a2(p2 + q2).
5. Find those tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = 16 which are parallel to 3x 16y = 10.
6. Show that the line 7y x = 5 touches the circle x2 + y2 5x + 5y = 0 and find the equation of the other
parallel tangent.
[Answers : (2) 5(x2 + y2) 10x + 30y + 49 = 0 (3) x2 + y2 4x + 6y 12 = 0 (5) 3x 16y 4265 = 0
(6) x 7y 45 = 0]
The intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the co-ordinates axes are 2 g2 c and f 2 c
respectively. If
g2 > c circle cuts the x axis at two distinct points
2
g =c circle touches the x axis
2
g <c circle lies completely above or below the x-axis
Similarly,
f2 > c circle cuts the y-axis at two distinct points
2
f =c circle touches the y-axis
2
f <c circle lies completely above or below the y-axis
The length of the intercept cut off from the line y = mx + c by the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is
a 2 (1 m 2 ) c 2
2 .
(1 m 2 )
Condition of Tangency : The line y = mx + c touches the circle x2 + y2 = a2 if the length of the intercept is
zero. i.e. c = a 1 m 2 .
Practice Problems :
1. Find the value of so that the line 3x 4y = , may touch the circle x2 + y2 4x 8y 5 = 0.
2. Find the length of the intercept on the straight line 4x 3y 10 = 0 by the circle
x2 + y2 2x + 4y 20 = 0.
3. Find the coordinates of the middle point of the chord which the circle x2 + y2 + 4x 2y 3 = 0 cuts off
the line x y + 2 = 0.
3 1
[Answers : (1) 15, 35 (2) 10 (3) , ]
2 2
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 5
C5 Tangent to a Circle :
(i) Slope Form : Equations of tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = r2 in slope form are
mr r
(a) y mx r 1 m 2 . It touches the circle at the point , .
2
1 m 1 m2
mr r
(b) y mx r 1 m 2 . It touches the circle at the point , .
2 2
1 m 1 m
(ii) Point Form :
(a) Equation of the tangent to the circle S x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at the point (x1, y1) is
T xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0.
(b) The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = r2 if c2 = r2 (1 + m2). Hence equation of tangent
r 2m r 2
is y mx r 1 m 2 and the point of contact is , .
c c
Note : In general the equation of tangent to any second degree curve at point (x1, y1) on it can be obtained
x x1 y y1 x y xy1
by replacing x2 by x x1, y2 by yy1, x by , y by , xy by 1 and c remains as c.
2 2 2
(iii) Parametric Form : The equation of a tangent to circle x2 + y2 = r2 at (r cos , r sin ) is
x cos + y sin = r.
Practice Problems :
1. Prove that the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = 25 at (3, 4) and (4, 3) are perpendicular to each other.
2. Find the equation of tangent to the circle x2 + y2 2ax = 0 at the point [a(1 + cos ), a sin ]
3. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = 9, which
(i) are parallel to the line 3x + 4y 5 = 0
(ii) are perpendicular to the line 2x + 3y + 7 = 0
(iii) make an angle of 600 with the x-axis.
4. Prove that the line lx + my + n = 0 touches the circle (x a)2 + (y b)2 = r2 if (al + bm + n)2 = r2(l2 + m2).
5. Show that the line 3x 4y = 1 touches the circles x2 + y2 2x + 4y + 1 = 0. Find the co-ordinates of the
point of contact.
6. Show that the line (x 2) cos + (y 2) sin = 1 touches a circle for any values of . Find the circle.
[Answers : (2) x cos + y sin = a(1 + cos ) (3) (i) 3x + 4y 15 = 0 (ii) 3x 2y 313 = 0
(iii) 3x y 6 = 0 (6) x2 + y2 4x 4y + 7 = 0]
C6 Normal : If a line is normal/orthogonal to a circle then it must pass through the centre of the circle. Using
y1 f
this fact normal to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at (x1, y1) is y y 1 ( x x1 ) .
x1 g
Practice Problems :
1. Find the equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 = 2x, which is parallel to the line x + 2y = 3.
2. Find the equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 5x + 2y 48 = 0 at the point (5, 6).
3. If the radius of the circle is 5 and the equations of the two normals to the circle are 3x 5y + 2 = 0 and
x + 2y = 3, find the equation of the circle.
[Answers : (1) x + 2y 1 = 0 (2) 14x 5y 40 = 0 (3) x2 + y2 2x 2y 23 = 0]
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 6
C7 Length of Tangent : The length of the tangent from the point P(x 1 , y 1 ) to the circle
C8 Combined Equation of Pair of Tangents : Combined equation of the pair of tangents to the circle S x2
+ y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 drawn from the point (x1, y1) is T2 = SS1, where T and S1 have their usual meaning.
Practice Problems :
1. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = 16 drawn from the point (1, 4).
2. The angle between a pair of tangents from a point P to the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x 6y + 9 sin2 + 13cos2 = 0 is 2. Find the equation of the locus of the point P.
3. Find the equation of the tangents from the point A(3, 2) to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 8 = 0.
[Answers : (1) 8x + 15y = 68 (2) (x + 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 4 (3) 2x y 4 = 0 and x 2y + 1 = 0]
C9A Chord of Contact : If two tangents PT 1 & PT 2 are drawn from the point P(x1, y1) to the circle
S x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, then the equation of the chord of contact T1T2 is :
xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c = 0
Note :
Here R = radius; L = length of tangent.
(a) Chord of contact exists only if the point P is not inside.
2LR
(b) Length of chord of contact T1T2 .
R 2 L2
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 7
RL3
(c) Area of the triangle formed by the pair of the tangents & its chord of contact =
R 2 L2
2RL
(d) Tangent of the angle between the pair of tangents from (x1, y1) = 2
L R2
(e) Equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle PT1T2 is (x x1) (x + g) + (y y1) (y + f) = 0
C9B Equation of a Chord Joining Two Point On The Curve :
Let P(x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) be a two point on a circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Then the equation of chord joining any two point on the curve is given by
(x x1) (x1 + x2 + 2g) + (y y1) (y1 + y2 + 2f) = 0
The equation of the chord when P = (g + r cos 1, f + r sin 1) and Q = (g + r cos 2, f + r sin 2) are
on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is given by
2 2 2
( x g ) cos 1 ( y f ) sin 1 2 r cos 1 2 where r g f c .
2 2 2
C9C Equation of a Chord in Terms of its Mid Point : Let (x1, y1) be the mid point of a chord of the circle
S x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, then the equation of the chord is T = S1.
Practice Problems :
1. Find the condition that chord of contact of any external point (h, k) to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 should
subtend right angle at the centre of the circle.
2. The chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point on the circle x2 + y2 = a2 to the circle x2 + y2 = b2
touches the circle x2 + y2 = c2. Show that a, b, c are in G.P.
3. Find the equation of the chord of x2 + y2 6x + 10y 9 = 0 which is bisected at (2, 4).
4. Find the middle point of the chord intercepted on line lx + my + n = 0 by the circle x2 + y2 = a2.
5. Through a fixed point (h, k), secants are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = r2. Show that the locus of mid
point of the portions of secants intercepted by the circle is x2 + y2 = hx + ky.
6. Find the locus of middle points of chords of the circle x2 + y2 = a2, which subtend right angle at the
point (c, 0).
[Answers : (1) h2 + k2 = 2a2 (3) 5x 9y + 46 = 0 (6) 2(x2 + y2) 2cx + c2 a2 = 0]
C10 Director Circle : The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to a circle is called
the Director Circle.
Equation of director circle : Let the circle x2 + y2 = a2. Then equation of the pair of tangents to a circle
from a point (x1, y1) is (x2 + y2 a2) (x12 + y12 a2) = (xx1 + yy1 a2)2. If this represent a pair of perpendicular
lines then.
The essential condition is coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0
i.e. (x12 + y12 a2 x12) + (x12 + y12 a2 y12) = 0
x12 + y12 = 2a2
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 8
x y 1
x1) (x x2) + (y y1) (y y2) + x1 y1 1 0 .
x2 y2 1
(v) Equation of the family of circles each member of which touches the x-axis is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2ay + g2 = 0.
If a > 0, then the circles lie below x-axis.
(vi) Equation of the family of circles each member of which touches the y-axis is x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2fy + f2 = 0. If
a < 0, then the circles lie on the right of y-axis.
(vii) Equation of the family of circles each member of which touches the both axes and lies in the first quadrant
is x2 + y2 2ax 2ay + a2 = 0, where a > 0.
(viii) Equation of the family of circles each member of which touches both the axes and lies in the second
quadrant is x2 + y2 + 2ax 2ay + a2 = 0, where a > 0.
(ix) Equation of the family of circles each member of which touches both the axes and lies in the third quadrant
is x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2ay + a2 = 0, where a > 0.
(x) Equation of the family of circles each member of which touches both the axes and lies in the fourth
quadrant is x2 + y2 2ax + 2ay + a2 = 0, where a > 0.
Practice Problems :
1. Find the equation of the circle passing through (1, 1) and the points of intersection of the circles
x2 + y2 + 13x 3y = 0 and 2x2 + 2y2 + 4x 7y 25 = 0.
2. Find the equation of the circle passing through the point of intersection of the circles
x2 + y2 6x + 2y + 4 = 0, x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 6 = 0 and with its centre on the line y = x.
3. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points of intersection of the circles
x2 + y2 2x 4y 4 = 0 and x2 + y2 10x 12y + 40 = 0 and whose radius is 4.
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 9
4. Find the equation of the circle through points of intersection of the circle x2 + y2 2x 4y + 4 = 0 and
the line x + 2y = 4 which touches the line x + 2y = 0.
[Answers : (1) 4x 2 + 4y 2 + 30x 13y 25 = 0 (2) 7x 2 + 7y 2 10x 10y 12 = 0
(3) 2x2 + 2y2 18x 22y + 69 = 0 and x2 + y2 2y 15 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 x 2y = 0]
C12 Two Circles : Let there be two circles with centers at C1 and C2 and radii r1 and r2 respectively, then
(i) Two circles are exterior to each other if r1 + r2 < C1C2
(ii) Two circles touch each other externally if r1 + r2 = C1C2
(iii) Two circles intersect each other in two points if |r1 r2| < C1C2 < r1 + r2
(iv) Two circles touch each other internally if |r1 r2| = C1C2
(v) One circle is interior to the other if C1C2 < |r1 r2|.
Practice Problems :
1. Examine if the two circles x2 + y2 2x 4y = 0 and x2 + y2 8y 4 = 0 touch each other externally or
internally.
1 1 1
2. Prove that the circles x2 + y2 + 2ax + c2 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2by + c2 = 0 touch each other, if 2
2
.
a b c2
[Answers : (1) internally]
L ext d 2 (r1 r2 ) 2 & L int d 2 (r1 r2 ) 2 , where d = distance between the centres of the two
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 10
circles and r1, r2 are the radii of the two circles. Note that length of internal common tangent is always less
than the length of the external or direct common tangent.
Practice Problems :
1. Find all the common tangents to the circle
x2 + y2 2x 6y + 9 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x 2y + 1 = 0
2. Show that the common tangents to the circles x2 + y2 6x = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2x = 0 form an equilateral
triangle.
C14 Radical Axis : Radical axis of two circles is the locus of a point from which tangents drawn to circles are
of equal lengths. Radical axis of circles S 1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 is the line S 1 S 2 = 0 i.e.
2(g1 g2)x + 2 (f1 f2) y + (c1 c2) = 0.
The common point of intersection of the radical axes of three circles taken two at a time is called the radical
centre of three circles.
Notes :
(i) If the two circles intersect each other, then their common chord is the radical axis.
(ii) If the two circles touch each other, then their common tangent at their point of contact is the radical axis.
(iii) Radical axis is always perpendicular to the line joining the centres of the two circles.
(iv) Radical axis will pass through the mid point of the line joining the centres of the two circles only if the two
circles have equal radii.
(v) Radical axis bisects a common tangent between the two circles.
(vi) A system of circles, every two which have the same radical axis, is called a coaxal system.
(vii) Pairs of circles which do not have radical axis are concentric.
Practice Problems :
1. Prove that the length of the common chord of the two circles :
C15 Angle of Intersection of Two Circles : Let be the angle of intersection of two circles whose centers are
2 2 2
r1 r2 C1C 2
at C1 and C2 and their radii are r1 and r2 respectively, then cos ( ) .
2r1r2
Notes :
2 2 2
(i) If = 900, then the circles are said to be Orthogonal and then r1 r2 C 1C 2 .
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 11
Aa 2 Ba 2
(iii) Pole of a given line Ax + By + C = 0 w.r.t. circle x2 + y2 = a2 is , .
C C
(iv) If the polar of a point P pass through a point Q then the polar of Q passes through P.
(v) Two lines L1 & L2 are conjugate of each other if Pole of L1 lies on L2 & vice versa. Similarly two
points P & Q are said to be conjugate of each other if the polar of P passes through Q &
vice-versa.
Practice Problems :
1. Find the locus of the pole of the line lx + my + n = 0 with respect to the circle which touches y-axis at
the origin.
2. The pole of a straight line with respect to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 9a2. Prove
that the straight line touches the circle x2 + y2 = a2/9.
3. Prove that the polar of a given point with respect to any one of the circles x2 + y2 2kx + c2 = 0, where
k is a variable, always passes through a fixed point, whatever be the value of k.
4. Show that the polars of the point (1, 2) with respect to the circles x2 + y2 + 6x + 5 = 0 and
x2 + y2 + 2x + 8y + 5 = 0 coincide. Prove also that there is another point, the polars of which with
respect to these circles are the same and find its co-ordiantes.
[Answers : (1) y(lx n) = mx2]
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 12
C17 SOME USEFUL HINTS & TIPS :
1. If a square whose sides are parallel to the axes is inscribed in a circle, then
(i) x-coordinates of the center is not equal to x-coordinate of any of its vertices.
(ii) y-coordinates of the center is not equal to y-coordinate of any of its vertices.
2. Coordinates of vertices of the square whose sides are parallel to y = x and y = x, inscribed in a circle with
centre at (x0, y0) and radius r are (x0, y0 r) and (x0 r, y0).
3. Let a circle passes through center of another circle and both touch each other, then radius of the inner circle
is half the radius of the other, further center of the inner circle lies on the join of the center of the bigger
circle and their point of contact.
4. The locus of mid point on chords of a circle subtending a constant angle at the centre of the circle is always
a circle concentric to the given circle.
5. Radius of the circle with centre at P, drawn orthogonal to a given circle is the length of tangent drawn from
P to the given circle.
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 13
1 1 1 9 12 9 12
(a) 2
2 2 , ; ,
b c a (a)
5 5 5 5
1 1 1
(b) 2
2 2 9 12 9 12
c a b (b) , ; ,
5 5 5 5
1 1 1
(c) 2
2 2 12 9 12 9
a b c (c) , ; ,
(d) none of these 5 5 5 5
6. The distance between the chords of the tangents to (d) none of the above
the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 from the origin 11. If two circles a(x 2 + y 2 ) + bx + cy = 0 and
and the point (g, f) is A(x2 + y2) + Bx + Cy = 0 touch each other, then
(a) g 2 + f2 (a) aC = cA (b) bC = cB
1 2 (c) aB = bA (d) aA = bB = cC
(b) (g f 2 c) 12. The point of intersection of the common chords of
2
three circles described on the three sides of a
triangle as diameter is
1 g2 f 2 c
(c) . (a) centroid of the triangle
2 g2 f 2 (b) orthocentre of the triangle
(c) circumcentre of the triangle
1 g2 f 2 c (d) incentre of the triangle
(d) .
2 g2 f 2
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 14
13. Let PQ and RS be tangents at the extremities of the 19. If , and are the parametric angles of three
diameter PR of a circle of radius r. If PS and RQ points P, Q and R respectively, on the circle
intersect at a point X on the circumference of the x2 + y2 = 1 and A is the point (1, 0). If the length of
circle, then 2r equals the chords AP, AQ, AR are in G.P., then
PQ RS
cos , cos , cos are in
(a) PQ.RS (b) 2 2 2
2
(a) A.P. (b) G.P.
2PQ.RS 2
PQ RS 2
(c) H.P. (d) none of these
(c) (d)
PQ RS 2 20. The triangle PQR is inscribed in the circle
x2 + y2 = 25. If Q and R have co-ordinates (3, 4) and
14. Let AB be a chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2
(4, 3) respectively, then Q P R is equal to
subtending a right angle at the centre. Then the
locus of the centroid of the triangle PAB as P moves (a) /2 (b) /3
on the circle is (c) /4 (d) /6
(a) a parabola
(b) a circle
(c) an ellipse
(d) a pair of straight lines
15. The number of common tangents to the circles
x2 + y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 6x 8y = 24 is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4
16. Let P Q R be a right angled triangle, right angled
at P (2, 1). If the equation of the line QR is
2x + y = 3, then the equation of the pair of lines PQ
and PR is
(a) 3x2 3y2 + 8xy + 20x + 10y + 25 = 0
(b) 3x2 3y2 + 8xy 20x 10y + 25 = 0
(c) 3x2 3y2 + 8xy + 10x + 15y + 20 = 0
(d) 3x2 3y2 8xy 10x 15y 20 = 0
ANSWERS (SINGLE CORRECT
1 CHOICE TYPE)
17. If m i , , i = 1, 2, 3, 4 are concyclic points, then
mi
the value of m1m2m3m4 is 1. c 11. b
(a) 1 (b) 1
2. b 12. b
(c) 0 (d) none of these
18. The co-ordinates of two points P and Q are (x1, y1) 3. d 13. a
and (x2, y2) respectively and O is the origin. If circles
be described on OP and OQ as diameters then 4. c 14. b
length of their common chord is
5. c 15. b
| x1 y 2 x 2 y 1 | | x1 y 2 x 2 y 1 |
(a) (b) 6. d 16. b
PQ PQ
7. a 17. a
| x1 x 2 y 1 y 2 | | x1 x 2 y 1 y 2 |
(c) (d) 8. b 18. b
PQ PQ
9. c 19. b
10. a 20. c
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 15
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 16
(a) 3x + 4y 13 = 0 (b) 4x 3y 13 = 0 (B) The chords of contact of (Q) (1/2, 1/2)
(c) 3x 4y + 13 = 0 (d) 4x 3y 10 = 0 the pair of tangents to the
13. A ball moving around the circle circle x2 + y2 = 1 drawn
x2 + y2 2x 4y 20 = 0 in anti-clockwise direction from any point on the line
leaves it tangentially at the point P(2, 2). After 2x + y = 4 pass through the
getting reflected from a straight line L it passes point
through the centre of the circle. The perpendicular (C) The common chord of the (R) (1/2, 1/4)
5 circle
distance from P is on the straight line L.
2 x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y 7 = 0
The angle between the incident line of the ball and and a circle passing through
reflected line of the ball is the origin, and touching the
(a) 300 (b) 450 line y = x, always passes
(c) 600 (d) none through the point
14. The slope of the line L is (D) A tangent to the circle (S) (4, 1)
x2 + y2 = 1 through the
43 3 23 3
(a) (b) point (0, 5) cuts the circle
34 3 34 3 x2 + y2 = 4 at A and B.
The tangents to the circle
23 3
(c) (d) none x2 + y2 = 4 at A and B meet
44 3 at C. The coordinates of C are
MATRIX-MATCH TYPE MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE
Matching-1 1. The point (1, 4) is inside the circle S whose
Column - A Column - B equation is of the form x2 + y2 6x 10y + k = 0, k
(A) The number of integral (P) 1 being an arbitrary constant. The possible values of
k if the circle S neither touches the axes nor cuts
values of for which
them
x2 + y2 + x + (1 )y + 5 = 0
(a) 26 (b) 27
is the equation of a circle
(c) 28 (d) 29
whose radius cannot
2. Let L1 be a straight line passing through the origin
exceed 5, is
and L 2 be the straight line x + y = 1. If the
(B) If a circle passes through (Q) 16 intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 x + 3y = 0 on
the point of intersection of L1 and L2 are equal then which of the following
the lines 2x y + 1 = 0 and equations can represent L1 ?
x + y 3 = 0 with the axes (a) x+y=0 (b) xy=0
of reference then the value (c) x + 7y = 0 (d) x 7y = 0
of is 3. A point P(3, 1) moves on the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and
(C) The length of the chord of (R) 2 after covering a quarter of the circle leaves it
the circle tangentially. The equation of a line along which the
x2 + y2 + 4x 7y + 12 = 0 point moves after leaving the circle is
along the y-axis is (a) y = 3x + 4 (b) 3y = x + 4
(D) The maximum number (S) 2 (c) 3y = x 4 (d) y = 3x 4
of points with rational 4. Let the equation of a circle be x 2 + y 2 = a 2 .
coordinates on a circle If h2 + k2 a2 < 0 then the line hx + ky = a2 is the
whose centre is (3, 0) is (a) polar line of the point (h, k) with respect
to the circle
Matching-2
(b) real chord of contact of the tangents from
Column - A Column - B
(h, k) to the circle
8 4 (c) equation of a tangent to the circle from
(A) If the point A(1, 4) and B (P) 6, the point (h, k)
5 5
(d) none of these
are symmetrical about
5. The equation of a circle C1 is x2 + y2 = 4. The locus
the tangent to the circle of the intersection of orthogonal tangents to the
x2 + y2 x + y = 0 at the circle in the curve C 2 and the locus of the
origin then coordinates intersection of perpendicular tangents to the curve
of B are C2 is the curve C3. Then
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 17
(a) C3 is a circle (a) >2 (b) > 2 or < 2
(b) the area enclosed by the curve C3 is 8 (c) [2, 2] (d) R
(c) C2 and C3 are circles with the same Assertion-Reason Type
centre Each question contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion)
(d) none of these and STATEMENT-2 (Reason). Each question has
6. Let a line through the point P(5, 10) cut the line l 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY
whose equation is x + 2y = 5, at Q and the circle C ONE is correct.
whose equation is x2 + y2 = 25, at A and B. Then (A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
(a) P is the pole of the line l with respect to Statement-2 is a correct explanation
the circle C for Statement-1
(b) l is the polar of the point P with respect (B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
to the circle C Statement-2 is NOT a correct
(c) PA, PQ, PB are in AP explanation for Statement-1
(d) PQ is the HM of PA and PB (C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
7. If the area of the quadrilateral formed by the (D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
tangent from the origin to the circle 1. STATEMENT-1 : Circles are drawn having the
x2 + y2 + 6x 10y + = 0 and the pair of radii at the sides of triangle as their diameter. Radical centre
points of contact of these tangents to the circle is 8 of these circles is the orthocentre of the triangle.
square units, then the value of must be STATEMENT-2 : Radical axes of the circles are
(a) 2 (b) 4 the altitudes of the triangle.
(c) 16 (d) 32 2. STATEMENT-1 : A circle is inscribed in a
8. C1 : x2 + y2 = 25, C2 : x2 + y2 2x 4y 7 = 0 be two equilateral triangle of side a. The area of any
circle intersecting at A and B a2
(a) Equation of common chord of C1 and C2 square inscribed in this circle is sq. units.
6
must be x + 2y 9 = 0
STATEMENT-2 : In an equilateral triangle the
(b) Equation of common chord must be
radius of the circle is 1/3 of the median of the
x + 2y + 7 = 0
triangle.
(c) Tangents at A and B to the circle C1
3. STATEMENT-1 : If a line L = 0 is a tangent to the
25 50 circles S = 0 then it will also be a tangent to the
intersect at ,
9 9 circle S + L = 0.
STATEMENT-2 : If a line touches a circle then
(d) Tangents at A and B to the circle C1 perpendicular distance from centre of the circle
intersect at (1, 2) on the line must be equal to the radius.
9. The line x + y = 2 intersects the circle x2 + y2 = 3 at 4. STATEMENT-1 : P is a variable point on the circle
two points. The equations of the straight lines with centre at C, CA and CB are perpendicular
joining the origin and the points of intersection are from C on x-axis and y-axis respectively. The
(a) x (3 + 22)y = 0 locus of the centroid of the triangle PAB is a circle.
(b) x (3 22)y = 0 STATEMENT-2 : Centroid of the triangle is the
(c) (3 + 22)x y = 0 point of intersection of its medians.
(d) (3 22)x y = 0 5. STATEMENT-1 : The line x + 3y = 0 is a diameter
10. Both the equations x2 + y 2 + 2 x + 4 = 0 and of thecircle x2 + y2 6x + 2y = 0.
x2 + y2 4 y + 8 = 0 represent real circles if STATEMENT-2 : The centre of the circle passes
through the diameter of the circle.
(Answers) EXCERCISE BASED ON NEW PATTERN
COMPREHENSION TYPE
1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. d
7. a 8. c 9. c 10. a 11. b 12. a
13. c 14. a
MATRIX-MATCH TYPE
1. [A-Q; B-S; C-P; D-R] 2. [A-S; B-R; C-Q; D-P]
MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE
1. a, b, c 2. b, d 3. b, c 4. a 5. a, c 6. a, b, d
7. a, d 8. a, c 9. a, b, c, d 10. a, b
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 18
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 19
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
MC 20
4. x + y xy + x 2 y 2 = 0 3. x2 + y2 ax by = 0
5. a2 > 2b2
6. x+y=2
6. a (, 2) (2, )
9. x2 + y2 + 6x + 2y 15 = 0
7. (2, 23/3)
10. x2 + y2 10x 10y + 25 = 0
15. x2 + y2 + 18x 2y + 32 = 0
11. r = 1.49
19. x2 + y2 6x + 4 = 0
15. 7x 24y + 102 = 0, x 6 = 0
21. x2 + y2 2ax = 0 and x2 + y2 2ay = 0
23. xx1 + yy1 a2 = 0
24. /2
3
3 ,3 3
25. 2 2 2 2
Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111