JIU JITSU The Effective Japanese Mode of Self Defense Illustrated by Snapshots of K Koyama Amp A Minami 1916

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4
KATSUGUMA HIGASHl.
Spalding "Red Cover" Series of
Athletic Handbooks
No. 2iR.
JIU JITSU
THE EFFECTIVE
JAPANESE MODE
OF SELF-DEFENSE
ILLUSTRATED BY SNAPSHOTS OF
K. KOYAMA AND A. MINAMl

WELL KNOWN NATIVE EXPERTS
PUBLISHED BY I
_n AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING fl

U
-J
n
HJL'
q1
r-l I
^^ Warren
company
Street, New York |D HI
bnn
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.0-6
Copyright, 1916
BY
American Sports Publishing Company
New York
->^.
MAV 27 I9IP
CU434475
Spalding's Athletic Library,
JIU JITSU
ITS ANCIENT ORIGIN-THE JAPANESE SYSTEM OF
SELF-DEFENSE DESCRIBED
JIu jitsu, the much-talked-of Japanese system of self-defense,

has attracted so mucli attention throughout the English-speaking
world that its acceptation in this country as a meritorious branch
of combative athletics causes not the slightest surprise among
broad-minded people.
Like all innovations, especially foreign ones, jiu jitsu was at first
disparaged by scores of people. Some of them still hold to their
original opinions, but many have delved deep into the subject,
with the result that they now admit the science contains much
of striking value.
Jiu jitsu is one of the oldest known branches of self-defense.
Authentic records of its existence before the Christian era are
now in possession of the Mikado of Japan. History relates that
so far back as 200 years before Christ the supporters of the Japa-
nese emperor of that time fought unarmed against hostile tribes
and, aided by jiu jitsu, completely defeated them. The tribes in
question carried the arms of the day, but this advantage availed
them nothing against the disconcerting and often deadly tricks of
the jiu jitsu experts.
Since that early period the art has advanced considerably, al-
though the principal tricks have been kept secret. There are some
jiu jitsu manoeuvres that have never been explained to Euro-
peans or Americans and probably they never will be. Especially
reticent are the "Japs" regarding the dozen or so of death-pro-
ducing grips and blows. Several of them have been described in
detailby them at various times, but others are only hinted at.
6 Spalding' s Athletic Library.
These death blows are remarkable. Some are delivered on the

spine, otherson the neck and head, and two on the face. There are
almost numberless manoeuvres that temporarily paralyze nerves
and nerve-centers, and others that stop the circulation of the blood
in various part of the body. A large proportion of the tricks
and holds introduces the twisting of hands, arms, legs, ankles, and
the neck, and many more depend for success on the obtaining of
powerful leverage on arms and legs, and on various joints.
Thus it will readily be seen that jiu jitsu is different from box-
ing and wrestling, although many wrestling manoeuvres are used
in it, either entirely or in part, or in combination. Fer instance,
all jiu jitsu experts use forms of the arm lock, the full Nelson,
half Nelson, chancery holds, cross buttocks, arm and leg grape-
vines, waist holds, leg holds, and strangles. There is absolutely
nothing in common, however, between boxing and jiu jitsu. Box-
ing is not indulged in to any noticeable extent by "Japs." They
prefer fencing and wrestling.
Still, jiu jitsu experts execute a trick that might well be cermed
a first cousin to the boxer's solar plexus punch. It consists of a

blow in the solar plexus delivered with the fingers straightened
and stiffened, the forefinger (or pointer) and the middle finger.
These fingers are projected violently into the solar plexus and
twisted in a peculiar manner, completely paralyzing this nerve
center. (The solar plexus is a center of various nerves of the
so-called sympathetic system, which has largely to do with the
organs of nutrition). The blow also produces breathlessness, and,
in cases of poorly trained men, nausea.
Jiu jitsu comprises three different systems or branches and
upward of 250 manoeuvres. One branch, the most familiar, calls
for the use of the hands, another needs a piece of rope, and
the other a club. However, only the first-named is considered in
this book, for it is the one most frequently used. "Jap" experts
are, of course, proficient in all three branches.
The knowledge of jiu jitsu has only recently been made general
in Japan. Every soldier, sailor and policeman was taught it as a
matter of course, but the upper classes, jealous lest their influence
Spalding' s Athletic Library. 7
over the populace should wane, tried to keep it to themselves. Of

this tendency we have an interesting example in "The Darling of
the Gods," when band of sumurai refuses to obey the im-
a small
perial edict and disarm. So well recognized was it by the "Jap"
that he could not learn jiu jitsu, and likely children were trained to
be wrestlers instead. The wrestler is usually ten or twelve inches
tallerthan his brother "Jap," and he is splendidly developed for
wrestling, but when some years ago a tall wrestler was publicly
defeated at Tokio by an exponent of jiu jitsu within a few seconds
of the start the thousands of spectators were astonished. Japa-
nese fashion, they said little, but since them, though wrestling
is still popular, it no longer holds the first place. Mr. Hancock,
author of a book on jiu jitsu, is of the opinion that a skilled ex-
ponent of jiu jitsu would defeat a champion American boxer,
using his own methods.
Every jiu jitsusystem is based on diet and the healthy state
of the body. Every muscle is brought into development and
hardened by the system*, which means "muscle breaking" a term
that does not express the fact. Four years are needed for the full
development of the system, years of regular, patient practice, and
gradually the pupil begins to feel its influence.
Twice a day he will bathe he would imitate his Japanese
if
teacher. A gallon of pure water will be consumed during the

twenty-four hours, and he will eat no meat. Rice comes first in
importance as an element of diet. Next come vegetables, fish and
fruit, meat being scarcely ever used. Fresh air, naturally, is abso-
lutely essential not only to jiu jitsu, but to good health and vigor
in Japan, as elsewhere, and a special study is made of the influence
of deep breathing upon the students.
But what will surprise most people is that something most

needed beyond all these equanimity of temper is essential. The
reason of this is that there are too many tricks, which are dan-
gerous to life and limb, to be entrusted to a person whose pas-
sions might overpower his judgment. Several of the feats would
Veak bones if carried to extremes.
The secret of jiu jitsu consists of a knowledge of how to grasp
8 Spalding's Athletic Library.
an opponent such a manner that he must submit to be thrown

in
or have the limb which is grasped ruthlessly broken. Once
this terrible Japanese clutches his adversary by the arm he must
fall in the direction the Japanese wishes or have his limb broken.
An expert jiu jitsu wrestler can practically throw his opponent

in any direction he wishes.
As a means of physical culture, jiu jitsu is superior to most
methods. It gives a very fine all-round development, and the
peculiarity of the Japanese system is that the muscles never
become hard like those of an ordinary athlete, but remain per-
fectly soft and pliable to the touch and are apparently coated with
a layer of fat, just as the muscles of the Greek athletes were said
to have been in the days of the Olympian games.
When exhibitions of jiu jitsu are given by Japanese players the
ground is always covered with a thick native carpet, and when the
men are thrown they fall despite this protection with resounding
thuds.
Numerous Englishmen have acquired this art, chief of whom
are Apollo, the well-known strong man, and Mr. Roger Nowell,
a celebrated amateur exponent of various systems of self-defense.
Pressure on muscles and ligaments is the idea of jiu jitsu, and
detailed knowledge of the parts of the human body thus vulner-

able is essential to expert practice of the system. Then the hand
must be toughened by at least six months' exercise, so that with
the edge a blow may be struck to break the arm or neck.
On the stomach all depends. Then comes training of the heart
and lungs by deep breathing, which begins and ends at every les-
son in jiu jitsu. Special exercises of the simplest nature develop
the heart, lungs and arms, and the lower half of the body also
receives special attention.
Fasting, copious draughts of water and hot water drinking are
regular features of Japanese life, and in winter the Japanese will
jump out of his hot bath and roll in the snow. Extremes of lean-
ness and of obesity are rare, and the women are versed in ath-
letics as well as the men. Fresh air is a sine qua non.
Owing to the widespread eagêrness for information regarding
Spalding's Athletic Library. 9
jiiijitsu, many erroneous ideas have been formed regarding it.

Scores of holds and tricks, purporting to be jiu jitsu manoeuvres,
have been exploited by people palpably ignorant of the subject. In
this book the *'Jap" experts have illustrated only such holds, etc.,
as are included in jiu jitsu, omitting unauthoritative holds and

those that are not considered practical. The so-called "Adam's
apple blow" one which the "Japs" omitted, simply because
is
in its execution the victim has one hand free, which a clever man
would use in effectually blocking the movement.
No. 1
.
Spalding's Athletic Library H
FIGURE NO. t
Position at the Opening of a Bout
At the beginning of a contest jiu jitsu performers stand facing
each other m the position shown in the opposite illustration. Eac'i
keeps his feet spread well apart, toes pointing outward, and grasps
the canvas sleeves of his opponent's Jacket above the elbow. From
this position the contestants work to obtair various holds and
grips.
Observe that the "Japs" stand upright, as opposed to r,hc
crouching attitude of wrestlers at the start of a match.

No. 2
Spalding's Athletic Library, 13
FIGURE NO. 2.
Fall, Advantage of Disablement Secured From the Preliminary

Position Shown In Figure 1.
A point or a fall in a jiu jitsu contest does not necessarily
mean a fall in the strict sense of the word, as understood in
wrestling. The object Is to place a man entirely at your mercy or
to disable him temporarily or otherwise. Oftentimes, however
these results are secured much after the manner of falls in
wrestling. On the opposite page is shown a fall obtained from
the preliminary pose shown in Figure No. i.
To secure this fall, proceed as follows;
After facing your opponent and grasping his sleeves, step for-
ward and place your right leg outward behind his right leg. Pull
your antagonist quickly toward you and force him back over your
right leg. Slip your right hand from his right arm to the front
of his jacket, a few inches below his throat, to assist in pushing
him back. Throw your opponent on his back in the position shown
in Figure No. 2 and to disable him to press your right knee in his
stomach.
'
t
/V\ No. 3
.mMm^mm^mm^
Spalding* s Athletic Library, 15
FIGURE NO. 3.
First Position Leading Up to a Combination Fall, Neck Twist

and Arm Breaker.
The opposite illustration (No, 3) shows another preliminary

position frequently used in jiu jitsu. This photo and the three
following, Nos. 4, 5 and 6, show a series of manceuvres that re-
sult in a violent fall, and which place a man completely in an
opponent's power, so much so that the breaking of the victim's
right arm will be a comparatively easy matter.
The man at the right in the illustration is, in this case, the at-
tacking party. He is A. Minami. His opponent is K. Koyama.
Notice the manner in which the "Japs" grasp the sleeve of
the canvas jackets. They place the thumb under the canvas, and
hold the four fingers outside, thu^ enabling them to secure the
firmest possible hold. It will be found almost impossible to twist
or break this hold loose under ordinary circumstances.

No. 4
Spalding's Athletic Library, fy
FIGURE NO. 4.
A Jiu Jitsu Arm Lock, a Development of Figure No. 3.
The second movement in the execution of a combination fall,
neck twist, and arm breaker, which combined hold was begun in
Figure No. 3, is shown in Figure No, 4, on the opposite page.

From the position shown in Figure No. 3, the man on the right
(the attacking party), steps in, and toward his left, turning his
back to his opponent. Simultaneously and as swift as a lightning
flash, he reaches over the extended right arm of his adversary and
secures, with his free right arm, an arm lock, similar to the hold
in wrestling. In wrestling, howe^êr, the man who leads the attack
generally stands outside the arm he intends to lock. The at-
tacking party in jiu jitsu should stand after the lock so that hi?
i)pponent's right knee comes between his (the attacking man's)
legs, as shown in the photo opposite. The attacking man must

also bend forward, drawing his intended victim over on his bad
(see Figure No. 5).

No. 5
FIGURE NO. 5.
Ihird Movement in Securing a Combination FalU Neck Twist

and Arm Breaker.
When the defensive competitor is secured by the hold shewn
in Figure No. 4, the attacker bends forward sharply, drawing his
victim's right arm under his (the attacker's) stomach, which at the
same time lifts the defensive man ofif the floor, and onto the
attacker's back, as shown in illustration No. 5.
Notice that the man about to be thrown has his left hand free,
but that is powerless to block or stop his opponent's attack. The

former has grasped the attacker's left shoulder with his left hand,
but he cannot now save himself. The arm lock holds him, without
hope of escape.
This manoeuvre is somewhat like the back heave in wrestling.
(See Figure No. 6.)

No. 6
Spaldmgs Athletic Library, 21
FIGURE NO. 6.
Completion of the Combination Fall, Neck Twist and Arm

Breaker.
Opposite we see the end of the jiii Jitsu trick begun in Figure
No. 3. The attacker has thrown his victim by turning him com-
pletelj- over in a somersault toward the right from the position
shown in Figure No. 5.
The defensive performer landecl heavily on his back. The at-
tacker drops to the former's right side, draws his opponent's
right arm across his (the attacker's) right leg, between the knee
and the hip, and presses it downward, by a hold on the wrist. The
extended arm may easily be broken, as is readily seen, if desired.
At the same time with the other arm the attacker twists his
antagonist's neck sharply by pushing the latter's chin to the left.
The under man vainly endeavors to relieve the strain on his
neck by pushing with his left hand against his opponent's elbow.
No. 7
FIGURE NO. 7
Preliminary Hold to Secure a Combination Neck Twist, and

Arm and Wrist Twist (tlie Latter Behind Opponent's Back).
In the position shown on the opposite page the attacker (on the
// right) is obtaining a preliminary hold leading to a very effective
\ combination. He grasps, with his left hand, his opponent's ex-
tended right arm above the elbow, and secures the hand of the
\ same arm with his own right hand. Quick as a flash, the attacker
steps forward, placing his right leg between the other man's legs,
as shown in the next illustration. (See Figure No. 8.)

No. 8
Spalding's Athletic Library^ '9,%
FIGURE NO. 8.
Combination Necl< Twist, Wrist and Arm Twist (Behind Op.

ponent's Back) Secured.
After obtaLiing the hold shown in Figure No. 7, the attacker
moves swiftly into the postion shown opposite. While thrusting

his right foot between his opponent's legs, he bends the latter's
right arm behind his back, as shown, and, Avith his right hand,
after assisting with it in the arm-bending process, he turns his

opponent's head to the left, pressing the chin up and to one side,
twisting the neck.
The attacker's left hand slips to his opponent's right wrist as
the arm is bent back, and grasping it first with his (the attacker's)
thumb under the victim's hand, the palm being turned upward,
and the attacker's thumb is then upward, also, as shown in the
photo.
When the victim is finally held in the position shown opposite,
his right wrist can be twisted so that he sufiêrs excruciating pain.
The strain on his elbow, owing to the arm twist, is also very
severe.
This hold is much like the hammer lock used by wrestlers, but
the jiu jitsu grip, while answering the same purpose, is more
punishing.
When a man is held by this jiu jitsu combination hold he is abso-
lutely powerless to make any resistance. He can be thrown in
almost any desired direction.

No. 9
Spalding' s Athletic Library,
FIGURE NO. 9.
Opening Hold of a Block and a Counter for An Attack, Result-

ing in a Novel and Startling Jiu Jitsu Fall.
In the opposite illustration, the "Jap" on the left, K. Koyama,
has attacked A. Minami, extending his right hand, and grasping
the latter's jacket. Minami instantly conceives a block and coun-
ter for Koyama's advance and grasps the latter's hand with his
left.
For further developments, see illustrations No. lo and ii.

No. 10
Spalding' s Athletic Library, ^
FIGURE NO. 10.
Second Movement in Counter for Attack Shown in Figure No. 9.
Minami, after grasping his opponent's right hand, as shown in
Figure No. 9, to counter an attack, reinforces his OAvn left hand

with his right, twists the attacking wrist around, bends it back
powerfully, as shown in the photo opposite, and, simultaneously,
raises his right foot and thrusts it quickly into his opponent's stom-
ach. Now he pulls his opponent forward, and pushes back with his
foot, bringing severe pressure to bear on his opponent's stomach,
which cannot be protected. The strain on the wrist is also very
painful, placing the man so held completely within Minami's
power.
For a fall from this position see Figure No. a.

FIGURE NO. 11.
Fall and Punishment (by Wrist Twist) as a Development

From Figures No. 9 and 10.
When the counter to the attack shown in Figure No. 9 has pro-
ceeded to the point shown in Figure No. 10, the man whose attack
is countered is forced backward to his right. He is easily thrown

on his back, as in the illustration opposite.
The present attacker retains his hold on the originally attacking
right hand, twists the wrist strongly, as in Figure No. 11 (the
elbow also receives severe strain) and he simultaneously places
his right foot on the uirder man's chest. He thus holds him flat
on the floor, without any possible chance for escape.

No. 12
Spalding* i Athletic Libtary,
|j
FIGURE NO. 12.
A JIu JItsu Manoeuvre Much Like the Flying Mare (in Wrest
ling). A Counter Shown in Figures No. 13 and 14.
At times jiu jitsii experts attempt to execute a fall from the

position illustrated in Figure No. 12. They grasp an opponent's
attacking (or possibly defensive) arm, turn, back to opponent,
draw the arm down over either shoulder (in this case the right)
and throw him violently forward, making him turn a complete
somersault, or else falling sideways with him.
Notice in the opposite illlustration the twist applied to the
wrist of the attacked mam This twist is peculiar to liu jitsu; it
is never used by wrestlers.
For a counter to this manoeuvre see Figue No. 13. A fall
from the oountcr 's oictured in Figure No. 14.

No. 13
F8GURE N0= 13.
First Hold Resulting From an Intended Counter of the Arm

Hold, Shown in Figure No. 12.
As a man attempts to execute a throw from the position in
Figure No. 12, the intended victim can quickly slip to one side
(to the left in this case), encircle the near leg with his free arm,
and lift it from the floor, as in Figure No. 13. Now, the man
having the arm hold is at a great disadvantage.
See photo on next page for a fall from this position.

No. 14
Spalding* s Athletic Library, 37
FIGURE NO. 14.
Fall and Punishment From a Counter to the Arm Hold in
Figure No. 12.
When a jiti jitsti expert gets his opponent In the position
shown in Figure No. 13, he lifts the leg he has grasped, and falls
backward to the mat, carrying his victim with him. He also
spreads out his legs so that his antagonist falls between them.
He then reaches over with the leg encircling the arm and grasps
the wrist of the arm originally secured by his opponent, in the arm
hold previously referred to. Now he is able to draw up the
encircled leg, cramping its muscles severely, and by pulling still
more violently on the wrist of his other arm he places painful

pressure on the neck of the thrown man.
No. 15
:
Si)o,ldinfs Athletic Library, ^9
FIGURE NO. 15.
Anothor Effective Mode of Attack, Resulting in a Violent Fair.
When two men face each other, each having obtained the pre-
liminary hold ilkistrated in Figure No. 3, a violent fall may be
scored as follows
Suddenly draw toward yourself the arm held (by grasping

the sleeve of his jacket) and lunge forward, placing your head
under the near armpit. Bend down, drawing your opponent down
with the sleeve hold, and encircle his near leg with your free arm,
in this case the right (see Figure No. 15). Now you are ready
to carry him to the position shown in Figure No. 16.
No. 16
FIGURE NO. 16.
rteady to Throw an Opponent Heavily to the Floor, From Posi

tion llustrated in Figure No. 15.
When a firm hold is obtained on the near leg of your opponent
draw him well over on your back with the left arm (by means
of the sleeve hold). Then raise yourself to a standing position
(so far as the legs are concerned) carrying your foe on youi
shoulders. He will thus be held in the attitude shown opposite.
You can throw him forward to the mat with force sufficien<- tc
stun him or to knock him breathless. Also, he can be throwr.
over the left shoulder, in almost any direction.

No. 17
FIGURE NO. 17
Counter.
Blocking a Right Lead to the Face and Ready to
In the opposite illustration the man on the left has led at his
opponent's face with his right hand. The latter, on the right,
the same time

has blocked the lead with his right forearm, at
stepping forward with his right foot. He has made this step
favorable position for

with his right foot in order to be in a more
counter. This
executing an efficacious and strikingly forceful
counter is shown in Figure No. 18.

No. 18
:
FIGURE NO. 18.
Shoulder and Arm Twist Developed From Figure No. 17 Com

bined with a Cross Buttock.
After obtaining the position shown in Figure No. 17, the man
on the right, who now attacks, as a counter to the right-hand
lead to the face, proceeds as follows
He grasps the extended arm with both hands and carries liis
right foot quickly over the right leg of his opponent. He now
bends the attacking forearm sharply back and thrusts his right
hip close into the small of his opponent's back. Next he releases
his left hand, passes it under the bent elbow "of his opponent and
grasps his own right forearm. His right hand in the meantime
he has used in pressing his opponent's wrist downward, as
5;hown in the illustration No. 18. Pressure against the defensive
man's wrist places a severe strain upon his wrist, elbow and
shoulder. He is forced steadily backward over his opponent's
buttock and it is only a matter of a few seconds before he is
thrown backward to the floor. If the man does not give way his
arm will be broken or his shoulder will be lorced out of joint.

No. 19
Spalding's Athletic Library 4^
FIGURE NO. 19.
An Arm Breaker and Wrist Twist, from the Rear.
From a preliminary pose the attacker works to the rear or to
the right side of his adversary. He then encircles the latter's
right upper arm with his left arm, at the same time grasping his
opponent's right fist with his right hand. The left hand, extending
under the opponent's right elbow, grasps the attacker's wrist, as
shown in the opposite picture. Now, by pressing down the
defensive man's forearm, sufficient pressure can be exerted, aided
by the leverage obtained, to break the victim's arm. Notice that
the attacker's legs are spread quite far apart the left from six
to eight inches in advance of his foe's near leg and that the
last named man is held close against his opponent's body. If the
attacker does not wish to break his man's arm he can throw him
to the floor. The attacked man's left arm is free, but he can dc
no damage with it.

FIGURE NO. 20.
Novel Manner in Which a Jiu Jitsu Expert Repels an Oppo-

nent's Rush by Dropping to the Floor and Using His Feet.
In Figures No. 20, 21 and 22 are shown mancEiivres in which
a jiu jitsu expert resists an opponent's rushing attack in an un-
expected manner. The opposite photo (No. 20) shows the men
in the first position, that of seeming uncertainty. The man on
the right rushes at his opponent as the latter moves forward as
though to attack. Figures No. 21 and 22 show how, by dropping
to the floor on his side, the man at the right executes a really
startling trick.
Spalding's Athletic Library^ $1
FIGURE NO. 21.
The Attacker in Position to Break Opponent's Left Knee Cap

or to Throw Latter to Mat.
A wrestler or a boxer would doubtless be greatly surprised to
have an opponent drop voluntarily to the floor in front of him.
Yet that is what the attacking man has done in the opposite illus-
tration. Instead of seeking a hold on the upper part of his op-
ponent's body he has fallen on his right side to the mat, hooked
his right foot behind his foe's left ankle, and struck the left knee
cap with his left foot. The knee cap can be struck so violently
that the bone will be splintered, if desired. However, it is here
the attacker's intention merely to throw his man, so he pulls the
latter's left ankle forward by means of his right foot and, pushing
against his foe's knee, forces him backward to the floor.

FIGURE NO. 22.
Fall, Ankle Twist and Knee Breaker Developed Frm Figure

No. 21.
Here we have the culmination of the manoeuvres shown in
Figures No. 20 and 21. After throwing his opponent backward
to the floor with the trick ilhistrated in Figure No, 21, the attacker
moves forward, places his left foot on his opponent's stomach
grasps the latter's left ankle with his left hand, the toes with
the right, and twists the ankle forcibly, after raising the leg
upward. This twist can be accentuated considerably by bending
the leg to the left and pressing it over the attacker's left leg.
Sufficient leverage may then be had to break the knee joint, if
desired. However, for ordinary purposes the twist of the ankle
is sufficient. Should the fallen man attempt to rise he can be
pushed backard to the floor with the left foot, the heel of which
"îgs into his stomach.

^w
No. 23
Spalding's Athletic Library^ ||e(
F3GURE NO. 23.
The Full or Double Nelson (Well Known Wrestling Hold) and

a Counter, Resulting In a Fall and Leg and Ankle Twist,
Opposite is shown a man held by the full or double Nelson
familiar to all wrestlers. In Figures No. 24 and 25 the "Japs'*
illustrate a clever counter for this hold in which a knee and ankle
are violently twisted, and which may be readily broken.
No. 24
Spalding's Athletic Library^ 57
FIGURE NO. 24.
Second Movement in the Counter of the Full (or Double)

Nelson.
Just as the attacker, the man In the rear, obtains the full Nelson,
shown in Figure No. 23, the then defensive man brings his arms
snugly to his own body, clinching the attacker's two arms above
the elbows. He then bends sharply forward, carrying the at-
tacker off his feet, as shown in the opposite picture. (Next see
Figure No. 25.)

No. 25
Spalding' !, Athletic Library, 59
FIGURE NO. 25.
Completion of Counter for the Full Nelson,
The picture opposite illustrates the fall from the described

counter for a full Nelson. It also shows that the man who
countered has sat on his opponent's stomach and drawn the lat-
ter's right leg up close into his crotch. He has released both
his own hands from the elbow holds and with his left pulls his
opponent's right leg to one side against his (the countering man's)
left leg. The leverage obtained on the under man's leg is quite
evident. The pressure on his right ankle is applied by the upper
man so as to twist his opponent's ankle and knee. A sharp pull
would either dislocate or break the knee joint. Notice also that
the upper man has grapevined his own feet so that he can squeeze
his opponent's right leg firmly up in his crotch.

No. 26
:
Spalding's Athletic Libraty. 6l
FIGURE NOc 26.
First Position, a Disconcerting Trick in Which an Opponent

Turns a Complete Somersault,
As an opponent rushes toward a man the latter can throw him

forcibly, and in an extremel}' sensational manner, by proceeding
as follows
As the man rushes forward his foe merely grasps the attacker's
arms and thrusts his left or his right foot, as the case may be,
into the pit of the attacker's stomach. Now the latter is in posi-
tion to be thrown in the manner shown in the two following

figures; No. 27 and 28,
No. 27
FIGURE NO. 27,
Second Position in the Somersault Trick.
The man who meets the onrush referred to in the description of
photo No. 26, falls backward to the mat as he places his foot in
his opponent's stomach and grasps the latter's arms or shoulders,

While falling backward, drawing his opponent forward, he parti-
ally straightens the engaged leg, throwing his foe in the air, as
shown on the opposite page. Nothing can then save the unfortun-
ate victim. (See Figure 28.)
FIGURE NO. 28.
Fall From the Somersault Trick.
The result of the movements illustrated in Figures No. 26 and
27 is shown in photo No. 28. The man who originally attacked
has heen thrown heels over head, in the strictest sense of the
-
word. He lies flat on his back and his opponent is in a position
to inflict further punishment, if he so desires.

No. 29
FIGURE NO. 29.
A Clever Trick, Showing the Agility of the ''Japs" First

Position.
The ''Japs" have won world-wide fame for great agility. Their
wiry bodies have rendered them seemingly unconquerable in many
instances. In Figure No. 29 we see that a "Jap" has leaped from
the ground, encircled an opponent's waist with his legs, and has
begun to force the latter's head backward by means of his (the
attacker's) forearm. To show how completely the attacker has
placed his foe at his mercy see Figure No, 30.

Nc. 30
FIGURE NO. 30.
Fall Imminent From the Jumping Trick, Shown in Figure

No. 29.
After the "Jap" leaped and encircled his opponent's waist with
his legs he brought first one wrist and then the other underneath
the defensive man's chin, pressing them both against his throat.
Of course the latter man was forced to bend backward, where-
upon the attacker extended his feet on the floor. Now the under
man has absolutely no means of escape, and if the attacker desires
he can force his foe heavily to the floor.

No. 31
Spalding's Athletic Library.
71
FIGURE NO. 31.
The Arm Breaker and Wrist

Twist Over the Right Shoulder.
When a man's left

arm is caught at a disadvantage
it can some-
t.mes be p.illcd over the
attacker's right shot.Ider.
The extended
arm's elbow rests on the
offensive man's shoulder
bone, thus
g.vmg considerable leverage.
Downward pressure on the fore-
arm will often result in a breal<.
In Figure xNo. 31 the attacker
is
executing the arm breaker,
and at the same tinte with Itis
left
hand he has grasped the fingers
of the extended hand and is
pull-
ing them down and inward, placing a great strain on the
wrist
and finger bones. Notice that the n,an in the rear has grasped
his opponent's belt with
his free hand, to serve
as a .stop.
No. 32
:
Spaldi7ig' s Athletic Library. 73
FIGURE NO, 32.
Escape From the Arm Breaker^ and a Counter.
The man attacked in Figure No. 31, if he is swift and strong,
can escape as follows
As his opponent obtains the arm hold the defensive man should
Jump to the right side, carrying his arm off his foe's shoulder
bone. Next he seizes the opposing right arm under the elbow
with his right hand, and at the wrist with his left. He then forces
the elbow up, as shown in Figure No. 32, pushing his opponent
back against his right knee, as also shown. Now it will be seen
that the original attacker is in danger of a fall from this position.
(See photo No. 2>3-)

^^^,.^^-^-....r-:^-^fjpyj:f^ ate .lMaia^MiliiiiifliiintifSi&'i
No. 33
SMldinzs Athletic Library, 75
FIGURE NO. 33.
Fall and Punishment From the Counter to the Arm Breaking

Hold, Shown in Figures No. 31 and 32.
On the page opposite we see the fall resulting from the counter
of the arm breaker, previously described. The original attacker
has been thrown heavily on his back and his right forearm and
wrist are turned under, so that the back of his hand rests on the
floor. His opponent's right knee presses strongly in his armpit
and the under side of his upper arm, putting pressure upon the
bent wrist and forearm, which results in excruciating pain if per-
sisted in. The under man's left arm and hand are placed out of
commission by the upper man's right hand.

No. 34
Staldins' s Athletic Library, 7}
FIGURE NO. 34.
Another Mode of Resisting and Countering a Right Hand Blow

at the Face.
Early in this book an efficacious mode of countering a pugilistic
attack with the right hand was explained. We will now consider
another method, as begun in Figure No. 34, Here the man on the
left has attempted to deliver a right-hand blow to his opponent's
face. The latter has side-stepped to the left, striking the extended
arm with his forearm.- Quick as a flash he then crouches in back
of his foe, seizes his collar with his left hand and his left leg
with his right hand. He then drops down on one knee, pulls hig
opponent down and draws him across his shoulders, for whick
see Figure No. 35.

FIGURE NO. 35.
Ready to Secure a Fall From a Counter to a Right Hand Lead.
In the above picture we see the original aggressor high across

his opponent's shoulders. He can be thrown forward, flat on his
back, or to either side with equal facility.

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Shoes for
Boxing
N0.-I55. High cut. elk-
skin, soles, and will not
slip orv floor; soft and flex^
ible. . Pair, $4.50
No. 166. Low cut, se-
lected leather, extra light
and electric soles;
men's sizes only.
Pair, $3.00
No. 66L. Women's. Low
cut, extra light, selected
leather uppers. Electric
soles. Pair, $3.00
No. 90L. Womenls. Low

cut. black leather, elec-
tric soles and corrugated
rubber heels. Pair, $2.50
No. 21. Higli cut. black

leather, electric soles-.
Sewed and turned,
which makes shoes ex-
tremely light and flexible.
Pair. $2.50
No. 20. Low cut. Other-

wise as No. 21 Sewed
and turned shoes.
Pair, $2.00
No. 20L. Women's. Other,
wise as No 20. Sewed
and turned shoes.
Pair. $2.00
No 133. Best selected
black kid uppers, soles
with flexible shank. Very
satisfactory for general
gymnasium and camping
use Pair. $4.50
Spalding
Special Bowling -Shoes
No 148. For bowling
and general g>'mnasium
use Light drab chrome
tanned leather uppers
with electric soles. Laces
extremely low down.
Pair, $3.50
No. NB. For bowling

and gymnasium wear
p^' Selected black leather
uppers, electric soles
Pair. $2.50
PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO

ANr COMMUNICATIONS A.G.SPALDING & BROS. FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
ADDHESSED TO US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS Boot
Prices in effect January 1916 Subi,
5, change withaut notice. For Canadian price* tee tpecial Canadian Catalogue.
THE SPALDING TRADEMARK Trrf
SPALDING GYMNASIUM
AND ACROBATIC SHOES
No. FN. Corrugated rubber sole, special
leather uppers. This shoe is made after a
special model supplied by us to the U. S. No. FN
Naval Academy, Annapolis, and has been
characterized as the most satisfactory shoefor
gymnasium use, and especially for acrobatic
d wrestling wear ever made. Pair, $4.50
No. FS.^ Flexible Soles. Special
acrobatic shoes. Leather uppers.
very high cut, and soft leather
Pair, $3.00
No. FL. Extra high cut acrobatic shoes.
(Patented Aug. 17, 1913.)- Special leather
soles, will not harden. Shoes are rein-
forced where upper and
tached. .... Pair, $1.50
No. FE. Extra high cut, best quality

KNOCKABOUT canvas shoes with leather soles. Espe-
LEATHER cially for acrobatic work.
GYMNASIUM SHOES Pair, $1.25 * $13.50 Do=.
FLEXIBLE SOLES No E. Low cut canvas, canvas soles.
Pair, 35c.
No. GWH No. GWH. High No. GW. Low cut,
cut. Special pearl otherwise as
colored leather. No. GWH.
Flexible soles. Pair, $1.25
Well made.
Pair. $1.50
ELDING CANVAS TOP GYMNASIUM

AND BASKET BALL SHOES No.FL
[H. High cut, white canvas uppers. Sole surface is sirnilar to our
Pat. Aug. 17.191$
!ar gymnasium shoes, but of white, best quality rubber, twice
ick as on rubber sole canvas gymnasium shoes. Men's sizes.
2, inclusive. .,,.... Pair, $2.25 -^ $24.30' Do?.
,
'%\
HHB. Boys', 2yi to 5K inclusive. Otherwise same as
\H. ........ Pair. $2.00
. $21.60 Doz. *
IHX. Youths', 11 to 2, inclusive. Otherwise sarne as No. HH.
Pair. $1.75 $18.90 Doz. *
\. Men's, saAie as No. HH, but low cut. Sizfes, 6 to 12,
iive; Pair. $2.00 * $21.60 Doz.
rlB. ôys', IY2 to bYz, inclusive. Otherwise as No. H.
Pair, $1.75 * $18.90 Doz.
Youths*. II to 2, inclusive. Otherwise as No. H.
Pair, $1.60 -A- $17.28 Doz.
I
Spalding High Grade Canvas Shoes, with Rubber Soles
iN'SrSizes, 6 to 12, inclusive. YOUTHS'-Sizes, 11 to 2, inclusive. BOYS' Sizes, 2I2 to it/z, iiicluiive.
H. High cut, best quality white No. IHX. High cut. best quality white No. IHB. High cut, best quahty white
!r soles. White canvas. rubber soles. White canvas. rubber White canvas.
soles.
9s:xx.%\.l^^ $18.90 Doz.
Low cut. Otherwise as No. IH.
Pair, $1.40 Vk- $11.10 Doz.
No. IX. Low cut.
Pair, $1.60
No. IB. Low cut.
$17.28 Doz. *
Otherwise same Otherwise same
Pair. $1.50 *
$16.20 Doz.
"
as No. IHX. ?a\T,%\.2'^'k $13.50 Doz.
"
as No. IHB. Pair. $1.50 -^ $16.20 Doz.
.Highcut. Pr.,.90 * 9.73 No. MX. High cut. .80* 8.64
"
No.MS.Highcut.Pr...85-^ 9.18
"
. Lpw cut. " .75 -i- 8.10 " No. KX. Lowcut. .70* 7.56 No.KB. Lowcut. .75-^ 8.10 "
*
Spalding Women's High Grade Canvas Shoes, White Rubber Soles All Sizes
IL. Similar to No. IH. narrow lasts. ?x.,%\.SQ^SJ6.20 Dz. No. IL. Similar to No. I, narrow lasts. ^x.,%\.Z^-kSI3.50Dz.
Spalding Special Grade Canvas Shoes, White Rubber Soles
:N'SSizes, 6 to 12, inclusive. YOUTHS' Sizes. 1 1 to 2, inclusive. BOYS' Sizes. Z%. to 5 ;<. inclusive.
M. High cut. Pr.,$1.00*.iY^.5-5Z?5'. No.WMX. High cut. Pr..90c.*.>'?.o6Z>.2r. No.WMB. High cut. Pr..95c.*.59.96Z.?.
K. Lowcut. " .85* 8.76" No. WKX. Lowcut. " ^.dcic S.2S " Np.WKB. Low cut. " 85c.* <f.75 "
ides vrinted in italics opposite items marked with
wi't he quoted onhi on orders for one-hajf dozen pairs or more at one time.
Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with *
tPTAHENTIONGIVENTOl
NY COMMUNICATIONS
A. G.SPALDING & BROS, I
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
ADDRESSED TO US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS BOOK
icet in effect January 5, 191 6. Subject to change writbout notice, for Canadian prices *ee ipedal Canadil^ CatftlogHS.
THE SPALDING TRADEMARK "^rrrf
QUALITY
SPALDING STRIKING BAG DISKS

A striking bag disk must be substantial if it is to be of
use,and in the two styles, both adjustable and braced,
which we list, this feature has not been neglected,
while we have striven to put out a disk which is
table foi home use and moderate in price.
Patented June 30, 1903.
No. FR. Wall braced style. Patent adjustable style. Complete, without
G)mplete. without Bag. Each, $5.00 . . . Each, $7.50
SPALDING
DISK PLATFORM THE MOLINE DISK
Combinei the adjust-
able feature of our
popular Moline Plat-
form with the practical
utility of the solid disk,
making the best all-
around striking bag disk
now on the mar!
Patentea April 19. 1904
Can be put up in a very small space and taken

down quickly whin not in use by simply detach-
ing the pipe fixture from the wall plate. The
metal disk against which the bag strikes consti-
tutes one of the best features ever incorporated
ID.
in an arrangement of this character, rendering
it almost noiseless and very quick in action. This Moline
disk also Combines an adjustable feature that is
Adjustable Disk.
eimple-to operate and makes it possible for various
members of the family to use the same disk.
Each, $18.00
No. PR. Spalding Adjustable Disk Platform. Bag U not included ia

Complete, with bag Each, $7.50 kbove price.

ANY COMMUNICATIONS
I
A. G. SPALDING &. BROS. FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES

AOOHESSED TO US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS BOOK '
Price* io effect January 5, 191,6. Subject tn chHae tvithout notice. For Canadian price* (ce *pecia) Canadian Catalogue.
Kr THE SPALDING
SPALDING "MOLINE" STRIKING BAG PLATFORM AND DISK
Our Moline Platform is adjustable in heigKt, readily attached to any
wall, and the side brackets so arranged that il touches three rows r.f
studding. Neat in design and handsomely finished. Each platform

supplied with everything necessary for attaching to wall, and crated
ready for shipment
No. I. Moline Platform. Each. $12.00

Bag is not included in above price.
Made of iron, cast in convex form Wall
SPALDING braces of steel pipe, with malleal-lo fittings.
Handsomely finished in black ename: Nickel,

STRIKING plated removable swivel for attaching bag.
BAG DISK Can be supplied with pipe hangers for attach.
Disks Nos. 1181 and 1182
ig , , ^î|ig , d^, g^,,^^ ,, j^3^j
arc supplied on special
r^
deraonly. Not car> "hen ordering Disk foi attachmeni to ceiling
. , ,
riedin.tock. J, .g necessary to give ceiling height.
No. 1181 Spalding Striking Bag Disk, with

wall braces Each, $25.00
No. 1182. Spalding Striking Bag Disk, with
ceiling hangers. .... Each. $25.00
SPALDING ADJUSTABLE FLOOR DISK

This style is whtU .3 generally called a "Floor Disk," be-
cause the heavy ja|tanned pipe iprights and the steel guys
le attached to th floor, but his one is superior to any
similar style now < .o the marl\et in that it combines with

absolute rigidity ti a adjustable features so iiecessary in an
article that is for home use, to make it suitable for various
members of the unily Capjible of three adjustments of

two inches each tn a total off six inches. Floor space re-
quired: 9 feet by 6 feet; heujht, 7 feet. Uprights placed

6 (eet apart, allowing plenty oi foot room.
No. 82F. Spald ng AdjustEl le Floor Disk, 'ithout bag or

bag awivel ... ........ Each. $25.00
PROMPT unENTIDN GIVEN TO

ANY COMMUNICATIONS
A. G. SPALDING & BROS, FOR GOMPLHE LIST OF
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB

STORES
ADDRESSED TO US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS BOOK ^1

PriM* in ffet Jniilkr]' 5. 191,6. Subject to hog without notice. For Cn4ian pricM e pecil Cadin C&Uloguo.
ACCEPT NO
SUBSTITUTE THE SPALDING TRADEMARK
SPALDING BOXING GLOVES
"CHAMPIONSHIP" STYLES
No. 118 No. 106 16 No. 18N

No 118. 8-ounce Highest grade made. No. 115. 5-ounce. Set of four gloves. $6.00
Set of four gloves, $7.50 No 116. 6-ounce. Set of four gloves. 6.50
IVlo. 106. Spalding 6-ounce "Battling" Glove. N0.I8N Spalding "Navy Special" Champion-
For limited round contests Light tan colored ship Glove. Used by champions of the navy
,
glove leather, very soft and smooth, plain laced Special "Sea Green" leather, furnished in 8-oz
wristband; patent palm lacing and patent palm only; padded laced wristband; patent palm lac
grip Set of four gloves. $6.00 ing, patent palm grip Set of four gloves, $6.00
SPARRI.NG AND FIGHTING STYLES
No. 218 N. ,2
No. 11. Corbett Pattern. Large 7.oz. model No 218. Spalding "Club Special" Gloves.
Brown leather. Padded wristband, patent palm 8-ounce "Championship' model, full size Good
lacing; patentpalmgrip. Setof fourgloves,$6.00 glove leather Padded wrist, patent palm lac
N0.9E. 5-oz. Regulation. Brown glove leather mg, patent palm grip. Setof 'four gloves, $5.00
Regular and large sizes. Patent elastic hand pro No 12. Spalding "Member Special" Gloves.
tector.padded wristband and thumb, patent palm 8-ounce Corbett pattern, good size. Black glove
lacing, patent palm grip Set of four gloves, $6 .00 leather trimmed with red leather. Padded
No. 9. Same as No. 9E, except without patented wrist; special padded thumb, patent palm lac
plastic hand protector Set of four gloves, $5.00 ing, patent palm grip Set of four gloves, $5.00

ANY COMMUNICATIONS
I
A. G.SPALDING & BROS, FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
ADDRESSED TQ US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS BOOK
.
Price* in effect January 5, 1916. Subject to change witkoi^t notice. For Canadian price* *ee *pecial Canadian Catalogue.
mi^M
No. no. Pupil's Double Wrist Pad. Large
model. Best grade brown glove leather, addi-
tionally padded on the forearm and over the
wrist to prevent that soreness which is one of
the most discouraging features following a brisk
le.sson in the art of "blockmg." Made after the
suggestion of one of the most prominent ath-
lectic officials m
this country Patent palm grip
and palm lacing. Set of four gloves, $7.50
.
No 200. Instructor's 10-ounce. Special thumb

model Best grade special treated boxing glove
leather, extra heavily padded over the knuckles
and with special large padded thumb to pre
vent injury to either instructor or pupil The
leather in this glove is particularly durable, and
It does no get hard or ruff up when wet or
sub]ect to severe usage Used by the instruc-
" tor's m
most of the large gymnasiums and
boxing schools and by many prominent pugilists in training Lace extra far down for venti-
lation Patent palm grip Set of four gloves, $7.00
No 100 Same as No 200, but of brown glove leather. ....
Set of four gloves, 6.50
All Spaldins; Boxing Gloves ure hair filled No cotton or carpet flock is used,
STYLES FOR FRIENDLY BOUTS AND PRIVATE USE
i;<>. .4 No. 15
No 14. 5-ounce Regulation. Brown glove No 19. 7-ounce Corbett Pattern. Dark wine
leather Special padded thumb, wrist and heel; color leather Patent palm lacing.
patent palm lacing and palm grip. Used by Set of four gloves, $3.50
some of the best organizations for their club No 21. 8-ounce Regular Pattern. Wine
contests .Set of four gloves $4.00
. . .
color leather Patent palm lacing.
No 15. 8-ounce Corbett Pattern. Special Set of four gloves, $3.00
olive tanned leather padded wristband, patent No 28. 6-ounce Regulation Pattern. Red lea-
palm lacing, patent palm grip The proper ther, oak color palm, special padded thumb,
glove for friendly bouts and use at home padded wrist; patent palm lacing. Supplied m
Set of four gloves, $4.00 regular and large sizes. Setof four gloves, $3.00
A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER

OF THIS BOOK
''
Price, in effect January 5. 1916. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* see tpecial Canailian Catalogue.
GUARANTEES
QUALITY

MEN'S PRACTICE STYLES
No. 22. Corbett Pattern. Men's practice model.

Brown glove leather, with wine colored leather palm;
special padded; patent palm lacing.
Set of four gloves, $2.50
No. 23. New Style Turned End Pattern. Brown
tanned leather, correctly padded, and patent palm
lacing Set of four gloves, $2.00
No. 23N. Black leather, specially padded, turned
end pattern. Comfortable and practical. Patent palm
lacing Set of four gloves, $2.00
No. 24K. Style of No. 23. but slightly larger and
made with khaki palm. Set of four gloves, $2.00
.
SPALDING
YOUTHS' BOXING GLOVES
Spalding Youths' Boxmg Gloves are made in exactly
the same manner and of similar material to the full
size gloves of our manufacture, and are warranted to
give satisfaction
No
45. Youths' "Championship" Glove, Corbett
Pattern. Best quality brown glove leather and extra
well finished. Double stitched; patent palm lacing;
patent palm grip. Set of four .gloves, $3.50
. . .
No. 40. Youths' Size, Turned End Pattern. Wine

colored leather, well padded. Patent palm grip;
patent palm lacing. Set of four gloves, $2.50
. .
No. 25. Youths' Size, Regular Pattern. Soft tanned

leather, patent palm lacing. Set of four gloves, $1.50
No. 25K. Style of No. 23, but slightly larger and
made with khaki palm. Set of four gloves. $1.50
.
All Spalding Boxing Gloves are hair filled.

.^\
No cotton or carpet flock is used.
Spalding
Boxing Helmet
Complete protection for ears, nose
and eyes. Well ventilated.
Each. $3.50
V
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
I
A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. I

FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
ADORESSED TO US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS Boot
Price* in eKoct January 5. 1916. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian pricei aee ipecial Canadian Catalogue.
ffirE THE SPALDING iTRADE-MARKtuATrf
SPALDING SINGLE END STRIKING BAGS
lo. JJ. Special training bag. Same as used by Champions both here and abroad, to get into condition for important
contests. Leather is a special selection of brown calfskin, very smooth and particularly durable. , . . Each, $9.00
io. G. This is a heavy, durable gymnasium bag, suitable for all around exercise work and the strongest bag made.
The cover is of heavy English grain leather, same as used in our best grade foot balls and basket balls and made in
the same way. It will outlast two or three bags of any other make. With loop top . . . Each. $8.00 ,
Jo. 19. Made of highest quality Patna kid, the lightest and strongest of leather. Sewed with linen thread, double
Btitched and red welted seams. Especially suited for exhibition work, and a very fast bag. . . , . Each. $8.00
>Io. 193. Same material as No. 19. but furnished with special light bladder and weighs only T/2 ounces complete. The
fastest bag made, but very strong and durable I
" ^'^^' $8-00
No. 20. Made of finest selected brown

calfskin, with red welted seams
A very fast and durable bag for all
around use. , . . . Each, $7.00
No. 20G. Model of our popular No.

20 bag, but made of black Catalina
goatskin leather. Each, $6.00
No. 18. The "Fitzsimmons Special."

Made of finest selected olive Napa
tanned leather, extra well made,
double stitched, red welted seams
and reinforced throughout. For train-
ing purposes particularly this bag will
be found extremely satisfactory in
every respect.. . Each, $6.00.
The Bladders used in all our Strikin

fully guaranteed.

ANY COMMUNICATIONS A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIOE FRONT COVER
AOOBESSEDTQUS STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS BOOK
CoMi ia. dfect Jiuianr S, 191,6. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* lee (pecial Canadian Catalogue.
sSS!l?E THE SPALDING TRADEMARK "^ffil^s
SPALDING DOUBLE END BAGS
All double end striking bags sup- Bladders used in all our Strik
plied complete with guaranteed Bags are fully guaranteed. Note
bladder, rubber cord for floor, lace, special explanation of guarantee
and rope for ceiling attachment. on tag attached to each bladder.
No. 7. Finest selected olive Napa tanned leather, No. 6. Fine olive tanned leather No. 5. Regulation size, specially
workmanship same as "Fitzsimmons" Special cover, double stitched, red teinned brown glove leather cover,
No. 18. Double stitched, red welted seams. welted seams Extra well made red welted seams, double stitched
Extremely durable and lively. Each, $6.00
. throughout. Each, $5.00
. . and substantially made. Each, $5.00
Elastic Floor Attachments for all Double End Bags

No. D. Best elastic cord. ....... Each. 30c
No. E. Elastic cord " 20c.
No. 4^. Regulation size, fine craven tanned leather, double No. 3 'A. Black leather regulation size, lined throughout,
stitched and red wehed seams. ... . .Each, $4.00
. red welted seams Each, $2.50
No. 4. Regulation size, fine grain leather cover, well ^ No 2'A. Regulation size, good quality dark olive tanned
made throughout, double stitched. Each, $3.50
. . fc leather, lined throughout, red welted seams. Elach, $2.00
.
No. 3. Regulation size, substantial brown leather cover, t No. 2. Medium size, good colored sheepskin, lined
reinforced and double stitched seams. . .. Each, $3.00 throughout Each, $1.50
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO

ANY COMMUNICATIONS A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. FOR COMPLETE LIST or STORES
SEE INSIOE FRONT COVER
AOOBESSED TO US . STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS BOOK
Pric* in effect January 5, 1916 Subj!ct to change witbout noficQ. For Canadian price* *ee tpecial Canadian Catalogue.
ACCEPT NO
SUBSTITUTE
n
ss
Bag punching is reallya fascinating diversion,
capable of so many comblTiations, that it is
interesting alike to young boy and the
the
seasoned athlete. When its healthful advan-
tages are considered it is remarkable that there
are not more bags in use, especially where
thefc
are boys and girls who would not othenvise
take
sufficient exercise to keep them in
good phy-
sical condition. The same is triie of many
business men who really could use a punching
bag with benefit and very conveniendy, where
in many cases sufficient outdoor exercise is
simply impossible.
No. 12, Olive tannecl leather, specially

selected ; double stitched, red welted
seams and reinforced throughout.
Excellent for quick work. Each $5.00
No. 10. Specially tanned brown glove

leather; double stitched, red welted
seams and reinforced throughout.
Very well made. Each, $4.00 . .
Our single end striking bags are made with rope attachment carefully centered, making
them the most certain in action
of any. Laces on side at top, so that the bladder may be inflated without
interfering with rope.
The Bladders usd in all our Striking Bags.are fully guaranteed.
No. 17. Fine craven tanned leather, well finished . double stitched, red welted seams, reinforced
throughout Each, $3.50
No. 16. Extra fine grain leather, full size and lined throughout; welted seams " "t
No. 15;^. Black leather, full size and lined throughout; red welted seams, ... >
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TJl

ANY COMMUNICATIONS A.G.SPALDING & BROS. FOI(COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
AOORESSEDTOUS STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES

SEE INSIDE FRONT G0VE8
OF THIS BOOK
Price, in effect January 1916. Subject change without
5, to- notice. For Canadian prices see .pedal Canadian.CatalogUB./
^S^Ke THE SPALDING TRADEMARK "^"nK^^
Our single end bags are made with rope atUchment
carefully centered, making them the most certain
in action of any. Laces on side at top, so that the
bladder may be inflated without interfering with rope.
Each bag is most carefully inspected and then packed
complete in box with bladder, lace and rope.
No. IS. Made of olive tanned leather, full size and

lined throughout; red welted seams. Each, $2.00
No. 14. Good quality colored sheepskin lined ;
throughout Each, $1.50
STRIKING BAG BLADDERS

No. IS
No. G.
BLADDERS
ForNo.GBag. Each,$1.50
^^^ A BLADDERS
No.5. ForNos.6,5,4and4;4. Ea.,80c.
No. OS. For any full size top stem

No.SP. For Nos. 17. ) 6, 12 and 10.
bag Each, $1.10 Each, 80c.

No.B. For Nos. 3 K, 3. 2>^ and 2
No. 7. For No. 7 bag. " .90 bags Each, 65c.
No.7P. For Nos. 20, 20G. 19, I9S No.BP. For Nos. 15^, 15 and 14
and 16. . . Each, 90c. bags . Each. 65c.
SPALDING
STRIKING BAG SWIVELS
No. 4. A special swivel, made according to sugges-
tions of experienced bag punchers, with features
that overcome disadvantages of ordinary style.
Rope can be changed instantly without interfering
No. 4 with any other part of swivel. . . E^ch, $1.50
No. 5. Nickel-plated :1 with removable socket for quickly suspending or re-
No. 5. Top View. No.5. Under View.
moving bag without readjusting Each, 75c. ShowinL Showing neck of
swivel,which i< (al-
No. 12. Ball and Socket Action. Fastens permanently to disk; nickel-plated. " 25c. removable!' iened permanently.
SPALDING BRASS INFLATERS

m No. 2
J/
No. 2.
No. 3.
Club
Small
size, cylinder 1054 inches.
size. Elach, 25c. a
Each. 50c
No. 3
SPALDING STRIKING BAG MITTS
recommended for use with all Striking Bags
Will protect the hands and are
No. 1. Made of olive Napa leather and extra well padded; ventilated palm and special
elastic wrist in glove Pair, $2.00
No 2. Made of soft tanned leather, properly shaped and padded, substantially put
ysi^
"^^
together Pair, $1.50 .
No. 3. Made of soft tanned leather, padded and well made also made ;
in women's size Pair. 75c

No. 4. Knuckle Mitt, well padded
No. 5. Knuckle Mitt, well padded.
PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO

ANY COMMUNICATIONS A. G.SPALDING & BROS.
AODRESSED TO US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
Price, in effect January 5, 1916. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* ee *pecial Canadian Catalogue.
^li^^s?[mE THE SPALDING
A. G. Spalding & Bros., inc.
furnish and recommend the use of
DURAND STEEL LOCKERS

having found their quahty and workmanship to be in
keeping with the class of work manufactured by them.
For prices, catalogues or other information, communicate with
A. G. SPALDING & BROS., INC

CHICOPEE, MASS.

ANY COMMUNICATIONS A.G.SPALDING & BROS. FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVED
ADDBESSED TO US STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OF THIS BOOK
f rice* in cKect Januaiy 5, 1916. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* lee special Canadian Catalogue.
standard Policy
A Standard Qyality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy.
Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a
Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Qyality.
To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a
profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions
of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list
price on his goods to the consumer.
To enable the glib salesman, -when booking his orders, to figure out
attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are
absolutely essential but their real purpose viill have been served v^^hen the
;
manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured
his order from the retailer.
However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who
does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices.
When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading
but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and
grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts,"
which vary with local trade conditions.
Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer
and the jobber are assured but as there is no stability maintained in the prices
;
to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably
leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are
practically eliminated.
This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. The jobber insists
on lower, and lower, prices.
still The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this
demand lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz.: the cheap-
for the
ening and degrading of the quality of his product.
The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that 7 years ago, in 1899,
1
A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic

Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become knovym as " The Spalding
Policy."
"The Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding
Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding
Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer by which the retail dealer is
assured a fair and legitimate profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the
consumer is assured a Standard Qyality and is protected from imposition.
"The Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the
users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways :
First. The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods.

Second. As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in
purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required
in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their
respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary
quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Qyality.
All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply

consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices neither more nor less the same
prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores.
All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated
exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone.
This briefly, is "The Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful
operation for the past 17 years, and will be indefinitely continued.
In other words, "The Spalding Policy" is a "square deal" for everybody.
A. G. SPALDING & BROS.

standard Quality
An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard" is thereby
conceded to be the criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar
nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the
Standard unit
of currency, because it must legally contain a specific pioportion
of pure gold
and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp
thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeitmg and
Service
other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret
Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend
to a
against
great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves
counterfeit products without the aid of "Government Detectives" or
"Pubhc
Opinion" to assist them.
Consequently the "Consumer's Protection" against misrepresentation and

"inferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the
" Manufacturer."
for
A. G. Spalding & Bros. have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality."
forty years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known
throughout the
U. S.
world as a Guarantee of Qyality as dependable in their field as the
Currency is in its field.
The necessity of upholding the Guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and
obvi-
maintaining the Standard Qyality of their Athletic Goods, is. therefore, as
ous as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency.
Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other
consumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-
Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic
Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by
insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic
goods which
maintaining
they buy. because without this precaution our best efforts towards
Standard Qyality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual.
being
Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by
makers of
" inferior goods." with whom low prices are the main consideration.
A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold

manufac-
and a guarantee to protect must necessarily have higher prices than a
turer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis of a claim for
Standard Quality
depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman.
We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than
poverty in quality and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality.
%)h<^.^T^.
ATHLETIC LIBRARY
A separate book covers every Athletic
and IS Official and Standard Sport
Price 10 cents each
URAND PRIZE
ST. LOUIS. 1904

PARIS, 1900
ATHLETIC GOODS
MAINTAIN
A.G. Spalding
end p?^,
-AIN WHOLESALE nn^
STORES r*.
RETAIL c-.%,Y^.
Bros
~ "^V
.
'^_'
WING CITIE
NEW YORK CHICAGO STLOUfS
BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY
""^"'^ SArrL^Nxi'sco
newar'k"'^ CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES
X^BA^Y
ALBANY CLEVELANDSEATTLE
BUFFALO COLUMBUS SALTlAKFriTV
SYRACUSE ROCHESTER INDIANAPOLIS PORtVanD
fîli^î!?, WASHINGTON PITTS BURGH Ml NNEAl
LONDON. ENGLAND AriÂNTA ST PAUL
LIVERPOOL. ENGLAND LOUISVILLE DENVER
BIRMINGHAM. ENGLAND NEW ORLEANS
I
DALLAS
MANCHESTER, ENGLAND MONTREAL. CANi
BRISTOL. ENGLAND ) TORONTO, CANADA
EDINBURGH. SCOTLAND ) PARIS. FRANCE
GLASGOW, SCOTLAND > SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA
(^ Spa Idiny 6r Bros, and vî
CHICAGO
" SAN FRANCISCO CHICOPEE.
BROOKLYN PHILADELPHIA LONDON,

JIU JITSU The Effective Japanese Mode of Self Defense Illustrated by Snapshots of K Koyama Amp A Minami 1916

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JIU JITSU The Effective Japanese Mode of Self Defense Illustrated by Snapshots of K Koyama Amp A Minami 1916

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No21R PRICE 23 CENTS

["Red Cover Series" ol AUdetic Handbooks

Specially Bound Series ot Athletic Handbooks

ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAIIED POSTPAID

ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOHS MAILED POSTPAID IIPO.^ RECEIPT OF PRICE

ANY OF TBE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF PRICE

K. KOYAMA AND A. MINAMl

_n AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING fl

JIu jitsu, the much-talked-of Japanese system of self-defense,

These death blows are remarkable. Some are delivered on the

a first cousin to the boxer's solar plexus punch. It consists of a

over the populace should wane, tried to keep it to themselves. Of

teacher. A gallon of pure water will be consumed during the

an opponent such a manner that he must submit to be thrown

An expert jiu jitsu wrestler can practically throw his opponent

detailed knowledge of the parts of the human body thus vulner-

jiiijitsu, many erroneous ideas have been formed regarding it.

as are included in jiu jitsu, omitting unauthoritative holds and

Spalding's Athletic Library H

At the beginning of a contest jiu jitsu performers stand facing

each other m the position shown in the opposite illustration. Eac'i

Observe that the "Japs" stand upright, as opposed to r,hc

crouching attitude of wrestlers at the start of a match.

Fall, Advantage of Disablement Secured From the Preliminary

A point or a fall in a jiu jitsu contest does not necessarily

mean a fall in the strict sense of the word, as understood in

wrestling. The object Is to place a man entirely at your mercy or

to disable him temporarily or otherwise. Oftentimes, however

these results are secured much after the manner of falls in

wrestling. On the opposite page is shown a fall obtained from

the preliminary pose shown in Figure No. i.

To secure this fall, proceed as follows;

of his jacket, a few inches below his throat, to assist in pushing

First Position Leading Up to a Combination Fall, Neck Twist

The opposite illustration (No, 3) shows another preliminary

sult in a violent fall, and which place a man completely in an

opponent's power, so much so that the breaking of the victim's

right arm will be a comparatively easy matter.

tacking party. He is A. Minami. His opponent is K. Koyama.

Notice the manner in which the "Japs" grasp the sleeve of

firmest possible hold. It will be found almost impossible to twist

or break this hold loose under ordinary circumstances.

A Jiu Jitsu Arm Lock, a Development of Figure No. 3.

The second movement in the execution of a combination fall,

Figure No. 3, is shown in Figure No, 4, on the opposite page.

back to his opponent. Simultaneously and as swift as a lightning

in wrestling. In wrestling, howe^^er, the man who leads the attack

generally stands outside the arm he intends to lock. The at-

i)pponent's right knee comes between his (the attacking man's)

legs, as shown in the photo opposite. The attacking man must

(see Figure No. 5).

Ihird Movement in Securing a Combination FalU Neck Twist

When the defensive competitor is secured by the hold shewn

in Figure No. 4, the attacker bends forward sharply, drawing his

attacker's back, as shown in illustration No. 5.

but that is powerless to block or stop his opponent's attack. The

This manoeuvre is somewhat like the back heave in wrestling.

(See Figure No. 6.)

Completion of the Combination Fall, Neck Twist and Arm

shown in Figure No. 5.

The defensive performer landecl heavily on his back. The at-

tacker drops to the former's right side, draws his opponent's

antagonist's neck sharply by pushing the latter's chin to the left.