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Astm D 3176 89 R02 PDF
Astm D 3176 89 R02 PDF
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
D 3176
6.3 NitrogenThe nitrogen determination shall be made in except for data reported on a dry basis, an appropriate moisture
accordance with Test Methods D 3179 or D 5373. content be given in the data report.
6.4 AshThe ash determination shall be made in accor- 7.3 It is recommended that, for data reported on the as-
dance with Test Method D 3174 or Test Methods D 5142. received basis (or any other moist basis), a footnote or some
6.5 OxygenThere being no satisfactory direct ASTM test other means be ussed in the report to indicate whether the
method for determining oxygen, it shall be calculated by hydrogen and oxygen values reported do or do not include the
subtracting from 100 the sum of the other components of the hydrogen and oxygen in the free water (moisture) associated
ultimate analysis. The result so obtained is affected by errors with the sample.
incurred in the other determinations of the ultimate analysis 7.4 Procedures for converting ultimate analysis sample data
and also by the changes in weight of the ash-forming constitu- to other bases are presented in Table 1.
ents on ignition. By definition, oxygen calculated as a weight 7.4.1 Hydrogen and oxygen on the as-determined basis
percentage of the analysis sample according to this procedure include hydrogen and oxygen in free water (moisture) associ-
does not include oxygen in the mineral matter or in the ash, but ated with the analysis sample. However, hydrogen and oxygen
does include oxygen in the free water (moisture) associated values reported on other moisture-containing bases may be
with the analysis sample. See Section 7 of this practice for reported either as containing or as not containing the hydrogen
calculating and reporting results on other bases. and oxygen in water (moisture) reported on that basis. Alter-
6.6 MoistureThe moisture determination shall be made in native conversion procedures are shown in Table 1.
accordance with Test Method D 3173 or Test Methods D 5142. 7.5 An example of ultimate analysis data tabulated for a
hypothetical coal on various bases is given in Table 2.
7. Calculation and Report
7.1 The results of an ultimate analysis may be reported on 8. Precision
any of a number of bases, differing from each other in the 8.1 The permissible differences between two or more deter-
manner by which moisture is treated. minations shall not exceed the values listed in the precision
7.2 To avoid ambiguity and provide a means for conversion section of the specific test method for the parameter deter-
of data to bases other than the reported basis, it is essential that mined.
Nitrogen (P)
Sulfur
Hydrogen (H) No corrections (See standard Hd = (Had 0.1119Mad) Har 5 @~Had 2 0.1119Mad! Har = (Had 0.1119Mad)
method)
3 S 100
100 2 Mad D 3 S
100 2 Mar
100 2 Mad DG 3 S 100 2 Mar
100 2 Mad D
+ 0.1119Mar
Oxygen (Ox) Oxad = 100 Aad Cad Had Oxd = (Oxad 0.8881Mad) Oxar 5 @~Oxad 2 0.8881Mad! Oxar = (Oxad 0.8881Mad)
Nad Sad
3 S 100
100 2 Mad D 3 S
100 2 Mar
100 2 Mad DG 3 S 100 2 Mar
100 2 Mad D
or + 0.8881Mar
Oxd = 100 Ad Cd Hd
N d Sd
A
A = ash, weight %;
M = moisture, weight %;
P = a symbol used interchangeably in the table to refer to ash, or carbon, or nitrogen, or sulfur, weight %;
H = hydrogen, weight %;
Ox = oxygen, weight %;
ad = as-determined from analysis sample;
ar = as received or any other moisture-containing basis (that is, equilibrium capacity moisture basis, as-shipped moisture basis, bed moisture basis) if the appropriate
moisture value is substituted for Mar in the formulae; and
d = dry basis.
B
All parameters expressed on a weight percent basis.
C
Hydrogen and oxygen reported on as-determined basis include hydrogen and oxygen in free moisture associated with analysis sample.
D
Alternative procedures are shown, differing on the basis of whether hydrogen and oxygen in the moisture are included or are not included in the report values. A footnote
or other means should be employed to indicate the basis used.
E
To convert results to a moisture-containing basis other than as-received, as for example, equilibrium capacity moisture, substitute the appropriate moisture value for
Mar in the equations.
2
D 3176
Test Parameter Hydrogen and Oxygen Include Dry Basis Hydrogen and Oxygen Hydrogen and Oxygen Do
H and Ox in Sample Moisture Include H and Ox in Not Include H and Ox in
(Mad) Sample Moisture (Mar) Sample Moisture (Mar)
Carbon, weight % 60.08 66.02 46.86 46.86
Hydrogen, weight % 5.44 4.87 6.70 3.46
Nitrogen, weight % 0.88 0.97 0.69 0.69
Sulfur, weight % 0.73 0.80 0.57 0.57
Ash, weight % 7.86 8.64 6.13 6.13
Oxygen, weight % (by difference) 25.01 18.70 39.05 13.27
Total % 100.00 100.00 100.00 70.98
Total moisture, weight % (as-received) ... (29.02) 29.02
Moisture weight % (samples as- 9.00 Total % 100.00
determined)
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
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make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
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