Mnemonics On Pathology and Microbiology
Mnemonics On Pathology and Microbiology
Dr L Sharma
and
Smt Chintamani Sharma
Preface
Krishna N Sharma
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://www.krishna.info.ms
Acknowledgments
Alimentary System 1
COLON CARCINOMA: ETIOLOGY
SCRAP
Strong family history of colon cancer
Chronic ulcerative colitis
Ratio of animal fat:fiber diet
Adenomatous polyps
Polyposis (familial).
Asthmatic wheezing
Right sided valvular heart lesions
Diarrhea.
KWASHIORKOR: DISTINGUISHING
FROM MARASMUS
FAME
Fatty liver
Anemia
Malabsorption
Edema.
AT Egg
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Enterobius vermicularis.
Alimentary System 5
ORAL CANCER RISKS
BATH PAL
Bad oral hygiene
Alcohol
Tobacco
Human papilloma virus
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Asbestos
Leukoplakia.
2
Cardiovascular
System
ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
RISK FACTORS
ANEURYSM: TYPES
SAM reads ABCD
Syphilitic
Atherosclerotic
Mycotic
Arteriovenous fistula
Berry
Capillary microaneurysm
Dissecting.
ENDOCARDITIS: LABORATORY
RESULTS SUGGESTING IT
THe PEARL
Thrombocytopenia
Hematuria
Proteinuria
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR)
Anemia
Red blood cell casta
Leukocytosis, leukocytopenia.
ENDOCARDITIS: INDICATIONS
FOR SURGERY
PRIDE SIR
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (most cases)
Resection of mycotic aneurysm
Ineffective antimicrobial therapy (e.g. virus,
fungi)
Damaged valve (significant)
Embolization (repeated systemic)
Supporative local complications with conduc-
tion abnormalities
14 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Infection uncontrolled
Refractory congestive heart failure.
HYPERTENSION: SECONDARY
HYPERTENSION (CAUSES)
CASH Payment
Cushings syndrome
Aorta coarctation
Stenosis of renal arteries
Hyperaldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma.
Cardiovascular System 15
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: TYPES
PEER SHIT
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Enzyme deficiencies: (G6P, pyruvate kinase)
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Red blood cells (RBCs) trauma
Sickle cell
Hereditary sperocytosis
Immunohemolytics: (warm Ab, cold Ag)
Thalassemias: (alpha, beta).
KAWASAKI DISEASE:
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
5 FIVE LCD
5 letters = 5 days, > 5 years old
Fever > 5 days
Idiopathic polymorphic rash
Vasculitis
Erythema of palms, soles (red palms, soles)
Lymphoadenopathy (cervical)
Conjunctivitis (bilateral)
Dryness of (a) lips and month (b) palms and
soles.
Cardiovascular System 17
MACROCYTIC ANEMIA: DIFFERENTIAL
PART B and C
Pregnancy
Alcohol
Reticulocytosis
Thyroid disease (i.e. hypothyroidism)
B12 and folate deficiency
Cirrhosis and chronic liver disease.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION:
COMPLICATIONS
RAPID CAT
Rupture (septum, ventricle, papillary muscle)
Aneurysm (ventricle)
Pericarditis
Infarctions
Dresslers syndrome/Death
Congestive cardiac failure
Arrhythmias (SVT, VT, VF)
Tamponade/Thromboembolic disorders.
18 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION:
COMPLICATIONS
PIA MEAL
Pericarditis
Infarction progressive
Arrhythmia
Myocardial rupture
Embolism (systemic)
Aneurysm (ventricular)
Left ventricular failure (LVF)
PERICARDITIS: FINDINGS
RICE Plate
Rub
Increased jugular venous pressure (JVP)
Chest pain
Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes
Pulsus paradoxus.
THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC
PURPURA: SIGNS
RAT on FaN
Renal problems
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Fever
Neurologic dysfunction.
THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC
PURPURA: CLINICAL FEATURES
NEw PART
Neurological deficits
Emergency room (ER) admission (as it is an
emergency)
Platelet count low
Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic)
Cardiovascular System 21
Renal failure
Temperature rise.
VIRCHOWS TRIAD
VIB
Vascular trauma
Increased coagulability.
Blood flow reduced (stasis).
Endocrine System 3
ADDISONS DISEASE: FEATURES
MAD SHIN
Meningcoccus disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)
Autoimmune
Destruction by cancer, infection, vascular
insufficiency
Sarcoidosis, granulomatous such as tuberculosis
(TB) histiomycosis
Hypotension/Hyponatremia
Iatrogenic
Nelsons syndrome (postadrenalectomy, in-
creased adrenocorticotropic hormone).
Endocrine System 23
CUSHING SYNDROME
Hey(4) Can(4) U SING(2,1,1,2)
Hypercortisolism/Hyperglycemia/Hyperten-
sion/Hirsutism
Collagen fiber weakness/Central
obesity/Cervical fat pads/ Comedones (acne)
Urinary free corisol and glucose increase
Striae /Suppressed immunity
Iatrogenic (Increased administration of
corticosteroids)
Noniatrogenic neoplasms
Glucose intolerance/Growth retardation.
GOITER: DIFFERENTIAL
Oh! TIGER
Onset of puberty
Thyrotoxicosis /Tumor/ Thyroiditis (Hashi-
motos)
24 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Iodine deficiency
Goitrogens
Enzyme deficiencies
Reproduction (pregnancy).
HYPOTHYROIDISM/THYROIDITIS:
MANIFESTATIONS AND MORPHOLOGY
CHASMIS
Cretinism/Constipation/Cold intolerance
Hashimotos disease
Addison disease
Subacute thyroiditis
Myxedema coma
Infectious-subacute thyroiditis
Silent thyroiditis.
Endocrine System 25
HYPERCALCEMIA: SYMPTOMS OF
ELEVATED SERUM LEVELS
POSt
Pain
Overtone psychologically
Stones (renal).
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: COMMON
SYMPTOMS
PAPPU
Paroxysmal rise in blood pressure (BP)
Abdominal pain
Endocrine System 27
Palpitations
Perspiration
Urine pleomorphic microvilli (PMV) finding.
THYROTOXICOSIS SYNDROME:
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
FAMES WEIGHT
Fatigability
Anxiety
Muscular weakness/Menstrual changes
Emotional lability
Sweating
28 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Weight loss with good appetite
Eye changes
Increased pulse rate
Goiter
Heat intolerance
Tremor.
4
Integumentary
System
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA:
FEATURES
ISHA AERO-GUN
Iron-containing lesions
Slime capsule sometimes (in cardiac failure
patient)
Hurt (injuries, burns)
Adherin pili
Aerobic
Exotoxin A
Rod/Resistance
Odor of grapes
Green-blue dressings
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Negative gram.
CHAPTER
Urinary System
5
ACUTE POST-STREPTOCOCCAL
GLOMERU-LONEPHRITIS: CLASSIC
PRESENTATION
BSC
Bloated face (facial edema)
Sore throat: 1 week ago
Coke-colored urine.
CALCULI: TYPES
CACU
Calcium
Ammonium magnesium phosphate
Cystine
Uric acid.
32 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
GOUT: FACTORS THAT CAN
PRECIPITATE AN ATTACK OF ACUTE
GOUTY ARTHRITIS
DANNI
Diuretics
Alcohol
Night attacks
Nephronal disease
Injury.
Lymphatic System 6
AIDS PATHOGENS (T-CELL
SUPPRESSION)
The Pathogens May Cause Complete
T-Cell Collapse
Toxoplasma gondii
Pneumocystis carinii
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Cryptococcus neoformans
Tuberculosis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Candida albicans
Lymphatic System 39
CATALASE POSITIVE ORGANISMS
SCAPE
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida
Aspergillus
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter.
ENDOTOXIN FEATURES
HYPERSPLENISM: CRITERIA
Cant Remember Hyper Splenism
Cytopenias
Response to splenectomy
Hypercellular or normal marrow
Splenomegaly.
SYMPTOMS OF TTP/HUS
My Favorite Teacher Never Roar
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Fever
Thrombocytopenia
Neurological symptoms
Renal failure.
Lymphatic System 43
SARCOIDOSIS: SUMMARIZED
SARCOIDOSIS CLEARED
Schaumann calcifications
Asteroid bodies (ACE) increase
Renal calculi
CD4 helper cells
Ocular lesions
Immune mediated noncaseating granulomas
Diabetes insipidus
Osteopathy
Skin (Subcutaneous nodules, erythema
nodosum)
Interstitial lung fibrosis
Seventh cranial nerves (CN) palsy
Cardiomyopathy (restrictive)
Lung disease
Elevated calcium level in serum and urine
Anergy
Respiratory complications
44 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Elevated vitamin D value
Dyspnea.
VACCINES: TYPES
TRILS
Toxoid
Recombinant
Inactivated
Live
Subunit.
WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME:
SYMPTOM TRIAD
SET
Staphlococcal infections (Recurrent)
Eczema
Thrombocytopenia.
CHAPTER
Muscular System 7
McARDLES SYNDROME
SELL My CARD
Skeletal muscle only
Elevated creatine kinase
Lactate levels fail to rise
Myoglobinuria
Cramping after exercise
Accumulated glycogen
Recessive inheritance
Deficiency of muscle phosphorylase.
46 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
TETANUS: TREATMENT FOR INFECTION
SAD ART
Sedation
Antitoxin
Debridement
Antibiotic
Relaxant
Tracheostomy.
CHAPTER
Nervous System 8
ALZHEIMERS DISEASE: FEATURES
CALL DON
Cerebral cortex atrophy (diffuse)
Ach reduction
Language impairment
Living with dementia (MC in elderly)
Downs syndrome
Old age
Neurofibrillary tangles.
DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME:
COMPONENTS
Warning For Vicky
Water on the brain
Fourth (IV) ventricle dilated
Vermis small.
48 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
MENINGITIS: RISK FACTORS
HE IS Chief Of SPAIN
Head trauma
Extreme age
Immunocompromised state
Sinusitis
Cancer
Otitis
Splenectomy
Parameningeal infection
Alcoholism
Infections (systemic, especially respiratory)
Neurosurgical procedures.
MENINGITIS: MOST COMMON
ORGANISMS
SIN
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Influenzae (Haemophilus)
Neisseria meningitidis.
Nervous System 49
NEUROBLASTOMA: FEATURES
MY Clinical Neuroblastome
Malignant
Young
Catecholamine secreting
Nuclei have double minutes.
PARKINSONISM: ESSENTIAL
FEATURES
SMART
Stooped posture
Mask like face
Akinesia
Rigidity
Tremor (resting).
50 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
MICE
Myocarditis
Illness like mononucleosis
Chorioretinitis/Congenital infection
Encephalitis.
WERNICKE-KORSAKOFFS
PSYCHOSIS: FINDINGS
CAT On RACK
Wernickes encephalopathy (acute phase):
Confusion
Ataxia
Thiamine tx.
Ophthalmoplegia
52 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Korsakoffs psychosis (chronic phase):
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Confabulation
Korsakoffs psychosis.
CHAPTER
Pulmonary System 9
ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
SYNDROME: CAUSES
DADS ADDRESS
Drugs
Aspiration
DIC
Smoke inhalation
Acute pancreatitis
Drowning
Diffuse lung infection
Radiation
Embolism
Shock
Sepsis.
54 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION:
CONSEQUENCES
PLEase Play ABBA
Pleural adhesions
Lipid pneumonia
Emphysema
Pleuritis
Atelectasis
Bronchiectasis
Broncho and lobar pneumonia
Abscess.
10
Reproductive
System
ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA:
RISK FACTORS
ME, HE, DON
Menstrual irregularity
Estrogen therapy
Hypertension
Elderly
Diabetes
Obesity
Nulliparity.
ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA:
RISK FACTORS
ENDO HAs risk factors
Elderly
Nulliparity
60 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Diabetes
Obesity
Hypertension
Age (increased).
GYNECOMASTIA: CAUSES
DALS
Digitalis
Alcohol
Leydig cell tumors
Sertoli cell tumors.
OVARIAN CANCERS: IMPORTANT
TYPES BY WHO CLASSIFICATION
She May Be Experiencing Cancer
Knowingly Found in Sweet Girls Of The
D Enclave
Surface:
Serous
Mucinous
Reproductive System 61
Brenner
Endometrioid
Clear
Metastatic:
Krukenberg
Sex cord:
Fibroma
Sertoli-Leydig
Granulosa-theca
Germ cell:
Ovarian choriocarcinoma
Teratoma
Dysgerminoma
Endometrial sinus.
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE:
CLINICAL FEATURES
OO! HI!
Oligomenorrhea
Obesity
62 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Hirsutism
Infertility.
SCROTUM MASSES
EH! TV IS HOT
Epidymal cyst
Hydrocele
Tumor
Varicocele
Indirect inguinal hernia
Spermatocele
Hematocele
Orchitis
Torsion.
CHAPTER
Skeletal System 11
CARCINOMAS HAVING TENDENCY
TO METASTASIZE TO BONE
The Pure Love Kicks Badly
Thyroid
Prostate
Lung
Kidney
Breast.
MARBLE BONE DISEASE: SIGNS
AND SYMPTOMS
MSC BLADE
Multiple fractures
Splenomegaly
Cranial nerves restricted
64 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Blind
Liver enlarged
Anemia
Deaf
Erlenmeyer flask deformity.
OSTEOMYELITIS: COMPLICATIONS
BRIEFS
Bacteremi/Brodie abscess
Reactive amyloidosis
Intraosseous (Brodie) abscesses
Endocarditis
Fractures
Squamous cell carcinoma/Sinus tracts.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: FEATURES
HE IS THE MAD RAMBO
Human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR4)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increase
Inflammatory synovial tissue/Idiopathic
Skeletal System 65
Small joints affected in starting
T-cells (CD4)/TNF
Human leukocyte antigen-DW (HLA-DW4).
Extra-articular features (restrictive lung
disease, subcutaneous nodules)
Morning stiffness
Ankylosis/Atlantoaxial joint subluxation
Deformities
Ragocytes/Rheumatoid factor (anti-IgG)
Autoimmune
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints stiff and
affected
Bilateral
Osteopenia.
CHAPTER
Miscellaneous 12
CAPSULATED BACTERIA
FAKE MBBS HaS Panicked Your Profession
Francisella
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Klebsiella
E. coli
Menigitidis (Neisseria menigitidis)
Bacteroides
Brucella
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Salmonella
Pasteurella
Miscellaneous 67
Yersinia pestis
Pseudomonas.
RIMPA
Rhinoviruses
Influenza viruses
Myxoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Adenoviruses.
CAM(4) EL
Chromosome staining discontinued
Anticipation shown
Male more affected
Mental retardation (2nd most common
genetic cause)
68 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Macrognathia
Macroorchidism
Everted eyes
Long face with large jaw.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS:
DISEASES CAUSED
FAST SPIN
Food poisoning
Acute endocarditis
Skin infections
Toxic shock syndrome
Sepsis
Pneumonia
Infective arthritis
Necrotizing fasciitis.
Miscellaneous 71
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES:
DISEASES CAUSED
LESS PC IN MP
Lymphangitis
Erysipelas
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal TSS
Pharyngitis
Cellulitis
Impetigo
Necrotizing fasciitis
Myositis
Pneumonia.
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES:
VIRULENCE FACTORS
SMS HEAD
Streptolysins
M-protein
72 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
Exotoxin
Anti-C5a peptidase
DNAses.
A Adherin pili 30
Adrenal cortex 25
Abdominal pain 26 Adrenal of medulla 26
Abscess 54 Adrenocorticotropic
in crypts 7 hormone 22
Accumulated Agglutination 41
glycogen 45 AIDS pathogens 38
Acidity 5 Akinesia 49
Acne 23 Alcohol 5, 17, 32, 41, 60
Activated protein C 11 Alimentary system 1
Acute Alkaline urine 72
endocarditis 70 Allergic reaction 55
pancreatitis 53 Alzheimers disease 47
post-streptococcal Amenorrhea 72
glomerulonephritis 31 Ammonium magnesium
tubular necrosis 35 phosphate 31
Addison disease 22, 24 Anaplastic carcinoma 28
Adenomatous polyps 1, 2 Anemia 4, 12, 16, 20, 64
Adenoviruses 67 Aneurysm 9, 17, 18
76 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Angiotensin-converting Aspiration 53
enzyme inhibitors 6 Aspirin 5
Ankylosing Asteroid bodies 43
spondylitis 57 Asthmatic wheezing 2
Ankylosis 65 Ataxia 50, 51
Anorexia 55 Atelectasis 54
Anterograde amnesia 52 Atherosclerosis 8, 36
Anthrax 66 Atlantoaxial joint
Antiphospholipid subluxation 65
antibody 12 Attack of acute gouty
Antitoxin 46 arthritis 32
Anxiety 27 Autoimmune 22
Aorta coarctation 14
Argyll-Robertson B
pupils 50 Bacillus
Arrhythmia 15, 17, 18, 33 anthracis 66
Arteriovenous cereus 3
fistula 9, 34 Bacteroides 66
Asbestosis 57 Bad oral hygiene 5
Ascaris lumbricoides 4 Bat-wing lung X-ray 14
Aspartate Beryliosis 57
transaminase 18 Bloated face 31
Aspergillus 39 Blood pressure 10
Index 77
Bone alterations 36 Cardiovascular system 8
Breast 63 Catalase positive
Brodie abscess 64 organisms 39
Bronchial obstruction 54 Catecholamine
Bronchiectasis 54 secreting 49
Brucella 66 CD4 helper cells 43
Buergers disease 9 Cellulitis 71
Cerebral
C cortex atrophy 47
fat pads 23
Calcium 31
Cesarean section 58
Calculi 31
Charcot joints 50
Cancer 48
Chest pain 10, 19
Candida albicans 38
Chills 55
Capillary
Chorioretinitis 51
microaneurysm 9, 34
Chromosome staining
Capsulated bacteria 66
discontinued 67
Carcinoid syndrome 1 Chronic
Carcinoma 7 liver disease 17
Cardiac ulceration 10
abnormalities 72 ulcerative colitis 1
disease 57 Cirrhosis 17
Cardiomyopathy 43 and chronic liver
Cardiopulmonary 36 disease 17
78 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Clostridium Creatine kinase-MB
botulinum 3 isoenzyme 18
perfringens 3 Cryptococcus
Coke-colored urine 31 neoformans 38
Collagen fiber Cryptogenic fibrosing
weakness 23 alveolitis 57
Colon Cryptosporidium
cancer 2 parvum 38
carcinoma 1 Cushings
Comedones 23 syndrome 14, 23
Common cold 67 Cutaneous flushing 1
Confusion 51 Cystine 31
Congenital infection 51 Cytomegalovirus 38
Congestive Cytopenias 40
cardiac failure 17
D
heart failure 36
Conjunctivitis 16 Dandy-Walker
Connective tissue syndrome 47
disease 54 Deep venous
Coronavirus 42 thrombosis 11
Cough 55 Deficiency of muscle
C-protein deficiency 11 phosphorylase 45
Cramps 33 Deformities 65
Index 79
Diabetes 59, 60 Dryness of
insipidus 43 lips and month 16
mellitus 9, 11 palms and soles 16
Diaphoresis 26 Dysgerminoma 61
Diarrhea 2 Dyspnea 44
Diet and lifestyle 15
Diffuse E
intravascular Echovirus 42
coagulation 35 Eczema 44
lung infection 53 Edema 4, 34, 40
Digitalis 60 Electrolyte imbalance 36
Digoxin toxicity 33 Elevated
Dilated superficial cholesterol 8
veins 11 creatine kinase 45
Disseminated erythrocyte
intravascular sedimentation rate
coagulation 39 12
Doppler ultrasound 11 vitamin D value 44
Dorsal column Emphysema 54
degeneration 50 Encephalitis 51
Downs syndrome 47 Endocarditis
Dresslers syndrome 17 12, 13, 16, 64
Drowning 53 Endocrine system 22
80 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Endometrial Erythromycin 6
carcinoma 59 Erythropoietin 35
sinus 61 Escherichia
Endometrioid 61 coli 2, 3, 37, 50
Endothelial cells 40 Estrogen 6, 57
Enterobacter cloacae 37 therapy 59
Enterobius Ethacrynic acid 6
vermicularis 4 Exercise 11
Enterococcus faecalis 37 Exotoxin 30, 72
Enterovirus 42 Extrinsic allergic
Enzyme alveolitis 57
deficiencies 15, 24 Eye dysfunction 21
Epidymal cyst 62
Erlenmeyer flask F
deformity 64 Facial edema 31
Erysipelas 71 Fat
Erythema capsule 56
nodosum 43 embolism 14
of palms, soles 16 in urine/sputum 14
Erythroblastosis Fatigability 27
fetalis 15 Fatty liver 4
Erythrocyte Fever 20, 42, 55
sedimentation rate 64 Fibroma 61
Index 81
Flavivirus 69 H
Folate deficiency 17 Haemophilus
Follicular carcinoma 28 influenzae 40, 50, 66
Food poisoning 3, 70 Hashimotos disease 24
Fractures 14, 64 Head trauma 48
Fragile-X syndrome 67 Headache 26, 55
Francisella 66 Heat
Furosemide 6 intolerance 28
G stable 40
Helicobacter pylori 72
Gangrene 9, 68 Hemanigoblastomas 21
Gastrointestinal Hematocele 62
disturbances 36 Hematuria 12, 32
Glance on very Hemolysis 41
important urinary Hemolytic anemia 15
disease 35 Hemorrhagic gastritis 36
Glomerular disease 35 Hepatic
Glucose intolerance 23 encephalopathy 33
Goiter 23, 28 Hepatitis A 42
Gout 32 Hereditary
Granular mucosa 7 sperocytosis 15
Growth retardation 23 Hirsutism 23, 62
Gynecomastia 60 Homocystinemia 10
82 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Hormones 29 I
Human Idiopathic
leukocyte antigen 65 polymorphic rash 16
papilloma virus 5 IgA nephropathy 34
Hyaluronidase 72 Immune mediated
Hydrocele 62 noncaseating
Hyperaldosteronism 14 granulomas 43
Hypercalcemia 25 inflammation 2
Hypercortisolism 23 Immunohemolytics 15
Hyperglycemia 23 Impetigo 71
Hyperkalemia 36 Increased
Hyperpigmentation coagulability 21
of skin 73 jugular venous
Hyperresonance 58 pressure 19
Hypersplenism 40 Indirect inguinal
Hypertension 8, 14, hernia 62
16, 23, 36, 59, 60 Ineffective antimicrobial
Hyperthyroidism 27 therapy 13
Hypokalemia 33 Infarctions 17
Hyponatremia 22 Infection 12, 15,
Hypotension 22 35, 48, 55
Hypothyroidism 24 Infectious-subacute
Hypotonia 33 thyroiditis 24
Index 83
Infective arthritis 70 J
Infertility 62 Jugular venous
Inflammatory synovial pressure 19
tissue 64
Influenza K
infection 55 Kawasaki disease 16
viruses 67 Kidney 63
Influenzae 48 cysts 21
Inguinal hernia 62 Klebsiella 37, 56, 66
Integumentary system 29 Korsakoffs psychosis 52
Intermittent Kwashiorkor 4
claudication 10
Interstitial lung L
disease 54 Lactate
fibrosis 43 dehydrogenase 18
Intraosseous Large intestine 6
abscesses 64 Left ventricular
Iodine deficiency 24 failure 18
Iron Leprosy 29
deficiency 41 Leukocytopenia 12
containing lesions 30 Leukocytosis 12
84 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Leukoplakia 5 Marasmus 4
Leydig cell tumors 60 Marble bone disease 63
Lipid pneumonia 54 McArdles syndrome 45
Liver 21 Medullary thyroid
disease 41 carcinoma 26, 28
Long face with Menigitidis 66
large jaw 68 Meningcoccus
Loss of weight 73 disseminated
Low fiber, high fat diet 2 intravascular
Lower lobe 57 coagulation 22
Lung disease 43 Meningitis 48
Lymphadenopathy 73 Menstrual irregularity 59
Lymphangitis 71 Mental retardation 67
Lymphatic system 38 Metabolic acidosis 36
Lymphoadenopathy 16 Metacarpophalangeal
Lymphoedema 72 joints 65
Microangiopathic
M hemolytic anemia 42
Macrocytic anemia 17 Microcytic anemia 41
Macrocytosis 41 Morning stiffness 65
Macrognathia 68 Multiple
Macroorchidism 68 endocrine neoplasia
Malabsorption 4 5, 25, 26
Malaise 55 fractures 63
Index 85
Mural endocarditis 12 Necrotizing fasciitis
Muscular 70, 71
system 45 Neisseria meningitis 50
weakness 27 Nelsons syndrome 22
Myalgias 55 Nematodes 4
Mycobacterium Neoplasm 32
avium intracellulare Nephritic syndrome 34
38 Nephronal disease 32
leprae 29 Nephrotic syndrome 33
Myelodysplasia 41 Nervous system 47
Myocardial Neuroblastoma 49
infarction 17, 18 Neurologic
rupture 18 dysfunction 20
Myocarditis 51 Neuroma 26
Myoglobinuria 45 Neutrophil
Myositis 71 chemotaxis 39
Myxedema coma 24 invasion 7
Myxoviruses 67 Night attacks 32
Nitric oxide 39
N Nocardia 73
Nasal congestion 55 Noniatrogenic
Necrosis 68 neoplasms 23
86 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Noninfectious Osteoporosis 36
endocarditis 13 Otitis 48
Nonsteroidal anti- Ovarian
inflammatory drugs 6 cancers 60
Nulliparity 59 choriocarcinoma 61
O P
O-antigen 39 Palpitations 26, 27
Obesity 10, 56, 59, Pancreas 21
60, 61 Pancreatitis 6
Obligate intracellular Papillary
organisms 13 carcinoma 28
Occupational muscle 17
exposure 55 Paralysis 30
Ocular lesions 43 Parameningeal
Oligomenorrhea 61 infection 48
Onset of puberty 23 Paramyxoviruses 67
Ophthalmoplegia 51 Parathyroid 25
Orchitis 62 Paroxysmal
Osteomalacia 36 nocturnal
Osteomyelitis 64 hemoglobinuria 15
Osteopathy 43 rise in blood pressure
Osteopenia 65 26
Index 87
Pasteurella 66 Polycystic ovarian
Penicillamine 6 disease 61
Peptic Polyposis 1
ulcer 5 Polyuria 33
disease 36 Port-wine stains 21
ulceration 25 Prematurity 58
Pericarditis 17-19, 36 Propagation 20
Pharyngitis 71 Prostate 63
Pheochromocytoma 14, Prosthetic valve
21, 26 endocarditis 13
Phlebitis 10 Protein S and
Picorna viridae 42 protein C 19
Platelet count low 20 Proteinuria 12, 33
Pleural adhesions 54 Proteus mirabilis 37
Pleuritic pain 58 Pseudomonas 39, 67
aeroginosa 30, 37
Pleuritis 54
Pseudopolyps 7
Plummer-Vinson
Pulmonary
syndrome 5
embolism 56
Pneumocystis carinii 38
fibrosis 57
Pneumonia 56, 70, 71 system 53
Pneumothorax 58 Pulsus paradoxus 19
Poliovirus 42 Pyogenic meningitis 50
Polyarthritis 73 Pyruvate kinase 15
88 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
R Restrictive lung
Radiation 53, 55, 57 disease 65
Rapidly progressive Reticulocytes 41
glomerulonephritis 34 Reticulocytosis 17
Ratio of animal fat 1 Retrograde amnesia 52
Rheumatic heart
Raynauds
disease 16
phenomenon 9
Rheumatoid arthritis 64
Reactive amyloidosis 64
Rhinoviruses 42, 67
Recessive inheritance 45
RNA viruses 68, 69
Red blood cell trauma 15
Reduced breath S
sounds 58 Salmonella 3, 66
Refractory congestive Sarcoidosis 22, 54, 57
heart failure 14 Scarlet fever 71
Remnants of old ulcers 7 Schaumann
Renal calcifications 43
calculi 43, 73 Scrotum masses 62
failure 21, 35, 42 Sensory loss in
Reproductive system 59 affected skin 30
Resection of mycotic Sepsis 53, 56, 70
aneurysm 13 Serratia marcescens 37
Respiratory distress Sertoli cell tumors 60
syndrome in infants Seventh cranial
58 nerves palsy 43
Index 89
Shock 53 Staphylococcus
Shooting pain 50 aureus 3, 39, 70
Sickle cell 15 saprophyticus 37
Silent thyroiditis 24 Steatorrhea 73
Sinus tracts 64 Stenosis of renal
Sinusitis 48 arteries 14
Skeletal Steroids 6
muscle only 45 Stone 25, 32
system 63 Stooped posture 49
Skin infections 70 Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Slow growing fastidious
40, 48, 50, 66
organisms 13
pyogenes 71
Sodium loss 36 Streptokinase 72
Sore throat 31, 55 Streptolysins 71
Spermatocele 62 Strong family history of
Splenectomy 48 colon cancer 1
Splenomegaly 40, 63 Subacute
S-protein deficiency 11 right-sided
Squamous cell endocarditis 13
carcinoma 64 thyroiditis 24
Staphlococcal Subcutaneous
infections 44 nodules 43, 65
90 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Superficial nodular 10 Thrombosing
Sweating 27 vasculitis 10
Syphilis 50 Thrombotic
Systemic thrombocytopenic
lupus purpura 20
erythematosus 34 Thrombus 19
sclerosis 57 Thyroid 25, 63
carcinoma 28
T disease 17
Tabes dorsalis 50 storm 27
Tamponade 17 Thyroiditis 23, 24
T-cell suppression 38 Thyrotoxicosis 16, 23
Teratoma 61 syndrome 27
Tetanus 46 Torsion 62
Tetany 33 Toxic
Thalassemia 15, 41 megacolon 7
Thiazides 6 shock syndrome 70
Thrombocytopenia Toxoid 44
12, 20, 42, 44 Toxoplasma gondii
Thromboembolic 38, 51
disorders 17 Trachea deviation 58
Index 91
Tracheostomy 46 Urinary
Trauma 27, 57 free corisol and
Travellers diarrhea 3 glucose 23
Tremor 28 obstruction 35
Trichuris trichiura 4 system 31
Triglycerdides and fats 8 tract infection
Tropheryma whippelii 73 30, 37, 56
Troponin 18 Urine pleomorphic
Tuberculosis 22, 38, 57 microvilli 27
Tubulointerstitial
nephritis 35 V
Tumor 62
necrosis factor 39 Vaccines 44
Turner syndrome 72 Varicocele 62
Vascular
U insufficiency 22
Ulcerative colitis 2, 6 obstruction 35
Ulcers 6 trauma 21
Ureaplasma 73 Vasculitis 16
Urethritis 32 Venography 11
Uric acid 31 Vermis small 47
92 Mnemonics on Pathology and Microbiology
Vibrio Weight loss with
parahaemolyticus 3 good appetite 28
vulnificus 3 Wernicke-Korsakoffs
Virchows triad 21 psychosis 51
von Hippel-Lindau 21 Whipples disease 73
Wiskott-Aldrich
W syndrome 44
Water on brain 47 Y
Weakness of muscles 33 Yersinia pestis 67