Law Enforcement Administration

Administration - an organizational process concerned with the impl

Law Enforcement Administration - the process Organization - a group of persons working together for a common g
involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper obedience
of laws and related statutes. Focuses on the policing Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the field of pu
process or how law enforcement agencies are organized
and manage in order to achieve the goals of law Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or c
enforcement most effectively, efficiently and
productively. Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an organization responsible

Law - the system of rules that a particular country or Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the organization was crea
community recognizes as regulating the actions of its
members and may enforce by the imposition of
Supervision - means the act of watching over the work or tasks of t
penalties.
Management - the process of directing and facilitating the work of p
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law,
regulation or command. supplies and time).

Administration - an organizational process concerned Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship among superiors and
with the implementation of objectives and plans and
internal operating efficiency. Connotes bureaucratic Authority - the right to command and control the behavior of emplo
structure and behavior, relative routine decision-making A particular position within the organization. Carries the same regard
and maintenance of the internal order.
Management/Administrative Functions
Sir Robert Peel - considered a "father of law 1. Planning
enforcement". 2. Organizing
3. Directing
Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles of Policing 4. Controlling
5. staffing
1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to
6. Reporting
prevent crime and disorder.
7. Budgeting
2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent upon public approval of police actions. Principles of efficient Management

3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the * Division of work - work specialization can increase
public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to efficiency with the same amount of effort.
secure and maintain the respect of the public.
* Authority and Responsibility- authority includes the
4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be right to command and the power to require
secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the obedience. One cannot have authority without
use of force. responsibility.

5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering * Discipline - necessary for an organization to function
to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating
effectively, however, the state of the disciplinary
absolute impartial service to the law.
process depends upon the quality of its leaders.
6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to
secure observance of the law or to restore order only * Unity of Command - subordinate should receive
when the expertise of persuasion, advice and warning is orders from one superior only.
found to be insufficient.
* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the order
7. Police at all time should maintain a relationship with of ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of the
the public that gives reality to the historic tradition; organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the
the police are the public and the public are the police. organization which defines an unbroken chain of
The police being only full time individuals charged with units from top to bottom describing explicitly the
the duties that are incumbent on all of the citizens. flow of authority.

8. Police should always direct their actions strictly Organizational Units in the Police Organization
towards their functions and never appear to usurp the
powers of the judiciary.
1. Functional Units
9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime
Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a
and disorder not the visible evidence of police action in
dealing with it. large department; comprised of several divisions.
Administration of Police Organization
Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.

Section
Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice system that has the specific - functional
responsibility unit within law
of maintaining a division that and
and order is combating crim
necessary
- comes from Latin "politia"-civil administration which itself derives from for specialization.
the ancient Greek police "city"
 a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
Unit - functional group within a section or the - required all males aged 12 and above to join a group of nine to f
smallest functional group within an organization. - members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
- a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings
2. Territorial Units - the primary task of the things was to protect their village from th
- tythings were later organized into SHIRES
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is - a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE, which is the
assigned for duty. - their duty was to apprehend offenders
b) PARISH CONSTABLES
Route - a length of streets designated for patrol - a parish official charged with controlling crimes
purpose, also called line beat. - appointed to serve for one year
- duties included organizing watchmen to guard the gates
Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes - during trouble, the watchman would raise a HUE AND CRY, a ca
whether foot or motorized.
MODERN POLICING SYSTEM
Sector - an area containing two or more beat,
route or post. 1) ENGLAND
a. BOWSTREET RUNNERS - a group of men organized to arrest
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for - organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in London,in 1749
patrol purposes, usually with its own station. - the name was adopted from the name of the street where the o
- when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was replaced by
Area - a section or territorial division of a large city b. METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
each comprised of designated districts. - the law that created the first modern police force in London Eng
- this law was passed through the initiative of Sir Robert Peel, a m
EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM - the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service is the Scotla

ORIGIN OF THE WORD POLICE SIR ROBERT PEEL - recognized as the father of modern policing sys

POLITEIA Greek word which means government of the city 2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
a. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
POLITIA Roman word which means condition of the state or government- created in 1845 in New York, USA
- recognized as the first modern style police department in the US
POLICE French word which was later adopted by the English language - the largest police force in the world
- modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of London
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE b. BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT
1. HOME RULE THEORY - the oldest police department in the US
- policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the- efficiency
the first night
of their
watch
functions
was established
upon the express
in Boston
needs
in 1631.
of the peopl
- policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public
- formally
peace andfounded
security.
in May, 1854.

2. CONTINENTAL THEORY AUGUST VOLLMER - recognized as the Father of Modern Law Enforc
- policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities- author of the book, Police Administration, which
- the people have no share or have little participation with the dutiesserved
nor connection
as the basic
withguide
the police
in theorganization.
administration of the
police organization in the US
CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE - was the first police chief of Berkeley, California.

1. OLD CONCEPT Important Personalities in the Evolution of Philippine Policing

- police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery
- this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence Brig.Gen.
is the Rafael
increasing
Crame number
- the offirst
arrests,
Filipinothrowing
Chief of offenders
the Philippine
in detent
Cons
2. MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system,
Col. Antonio
an organTorres
of crime
- theprevention
first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Poli
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes
- broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its mission
Col. Lambert
the welfare
Javalera
of -thetheindividual
first chiefasofwell
police
as that
of the
of Manila
the community
Police D

EARLY POLICING SYSTEM Dir.Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the Philippine National Pol

1. KIN POLICING HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIO

- the family of the offended individual was expected to assume responsibility
1990, RA for8551
justice
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE REFORM
- the family of the victim was allowed to exact vengeance 1998 and RA 9708
2. EGYPT
- ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL
- created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose duties include guardingGOVERNMENT
of the tombs
(DILG)
and apprehending thieves
- introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors. - formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
3. ROME - reorganized under RA 6975
- created the first organized police force called VIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of the city), which had the primary tas
- the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehending thieves, keeping an ORGANIZATION:
eye out for burglars
- consist
and hunting
of: down runaway slaves, and were on
- the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and looked for disturbances
a) theofDepartment
the peace while
proper
they patrolled the streets
- created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS, a special force b) of guards
existingused
bureaus
by Roman
and offices
Emperors
of theasDLG
the Emperors' personal guard
- as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty was to protect c) the
localEmperor
government
from units
assassination
(LGU) and other forms of attack against
4. ENGLAND 1) provincial governors
 2) city and municipal mayors C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual report of its ac
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty (
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
COMPOSITION OF NAPOLCOM
- the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975 1. One chairperson
- headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and who shall 2. Four
serve
regular
at thecommissioner
pleasure of the President
- the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and three 3.(3)
TheAssistant
Chief PNPSecretaries
as ex officio member
a) Undersecretary for Local Government Note:
b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order * shall serve a term of office of six (6) years
- No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be appointed aswithout
Secretary
reappointment
within one (1)
or extension
year from date of retirement or resig
- the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission
* three of the four regular commissioners shall come
from civilian sector and not former members of the
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG police or military
1. Assist the President in the exercise of general supervision over local governments;
* the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforce
* at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners
2. Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules, regulations andshall
other
beissuances
a woman on the general supervision over local governm
* from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian se
3. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other issuance's implementing laws on public order and safety, the general supervision over
* the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive
Officer of the
4. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments, law enforcement Commission
and public safety; Establish and prescribe plans, poli
* refer to the organizational structure of the
5. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet local emergenciesNAPOLCOM
arising from natural and man-made disasters; Establish a syste

6. Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance of police functions, a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character
Important dates in the history of modern Philippine Policing
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with external security
1901 - ACT whileofthe
no. 175 the Philippine Commission establishe
DILG was in charge with internal security
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines

is now in charge with both internal and external security with the PNP as support 1905 - the
through Philippine constabulary school was established a
information
gathering and performance of ordinary police
functions. 1908 - the Philippine constabulary school was transferred to

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION 1916 - the Philippine constabulary school was renamed aca
- an agency attached to the DILG for policy
coordination
- shall exercise administrative control and 1917 - on December 17, 1917, Brigadier General Rafael Cra
operational supervision over the PNP.
1926 - the academy for officers of the Philippine constabula
VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"We envision the National Police Commission as a 1936 - the Philippine Constabulary Academy became the pr
highly dynamic, committed and responsive administering and controlling body, actively and effectively facilitating the evolvement of a highly

MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM 1938 - The Philippine Constabulary became the existing and
"To administer and control the Philippine National
Police with the end in view of maintaining a highly 1966 - congress enacted RA no. 4864, the police act of 196
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
trustworthy PNP
1972 - The POLCOM was reorganized as the National Police

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM

A. Exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the Philippine1975 - PDPolice
National 765 was
(PNP)enacted. This law
which shall mean is the
called the Police
power to: Int
1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual prescribing rules and regulations for efficient organization, administration, and operatio
2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish standards for such purposes on 1985
a continuing basis, the
- The National performance,
Police Commission activities, and facilities
was returned to the
3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime situation and the proper evaluation
1989 - Executive order 379 placed the Integrated national P
5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training, logistical requirements, communications, records, information system
6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board, personnel administrative actions
administrative
7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional Appellate Boards, over 1990 - RA 6975 wasagainst
cases passedpolicemen
on December 13, 1990
and over establis
decisions on
8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms and, after consultation with the Philippine Heraldry Commission, for in
9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining to thedischarge1998 -ofcongress
its own powers
passed and
into duties,
law RA and designate
no. 8551 who amo
on February 2
10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on the established criteria for manpower allocation, distribution and deployment and the

11. Monitor the performance of the local chief executives as deputies of the Commission; and
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.
1. PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
B. Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and administration;
- functions that carry out the major purposes of the
organization, delivering the services and dealing 1. AUTHORITY
directly with the public - the supreme source of government for any
- the backbone of the police department particular organization
- examples of the line functions of the police are - the right to exercise, to decide and to command
patrolling, traffic duties, crime investigation by virtue of rank and position
2. MUTUAL COOPERATION
2. STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS - an organization exists because it serves a
- functions that are designed to support the line purpose.
functions and assist in the performance of the line 3. DOCTRINE
functions - provides for the organizations objectives
- examples of the staff functions of the police are - provides the various actions, hence, policies,
planning, research, budgeting and legal advice procedures, rules and regulations of the org.
are based on the statement of doctrines
3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS 4. DISCIPLINE
- functions involving the logistical operations of the - comprising behavioral regulations
organization
- examples are training, communication, maintenance, ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
records management, supplies and equipment management 1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit t
ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
2. SPAN OF CONTROL
1. OPERATIONAL UNITS - the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectivel
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice Factors affecting the span of control:
control, a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS b) Nature of the job and work conditions
- those that perform the administrative functions c) Complexity of task
examples are personnel, finance, planning and d) Education and skill of the employees
training.
3. SERVICE UNITS 3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- those that perform auxiliary functions - conferring of an amount of authority by a superior
- examples are communication, records position to a lower-level position.
management, supplies.
4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE - the relationship between superiors and
- the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members, positions,
subordinates
departments and
functions or work of the organization - serves as the framework for the flow of authority
- it is comprised of functions, relationships, downward and obedience upward through the
responsibilities and authorities of individuals within department
the organization
HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship among superiors an
KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
5. SPECIALIZATION
1. LINE - the assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks
- the oldest and simplest kind; also, called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)
highest to the lowest and vice versa - the designation of certain activities or tasks as
- depicts the line functions of the organization ones that must be performed in a highly.
- orders or commands must come from the higher l technological, scientific or precise manner
level of authority before it can be carried out - areas of police specialization include undercover
- involves few departments works, crime scene operations, legal advising,
computer work, SWAT operations and others
2. FUNCTIONAL
- structure according to functions and specialized units SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
- depicts staff functions of the organization - the designation of particular persons as having
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who expertise in a specific area of work
are all accountable to the authority above. - signifies the adaptation of an individual to the
requirements through extensive training
3. LINE AND STAFF
- a combination of the line and functional kind 6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- combines the flow of information from the line - the arrangement of officers from top to bottom
structure with the staff departments that service, on the basis of rank or position and authority.
advise, and support them
- generally more formal in nature and has many 7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
departments - dictates that immediate commanders shall be
responsible for the effective supervision and
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES control.

FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM
 CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police
The institution of police in the Philippines formally of the Manila Police Department in 1901.
started during the Spanish period. The establishment of
the police force was not entirely intended for crime Act No 255 the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Ph
prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an extension of the colonial military establishment.
Executive Order 389 ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be
Ancient Roots December 23, 1940.

The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay
Post-American
chieftains
Period
to select
able-bodied young men to protect their barangay
during the night and were not required to work RA 4864 otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1
in the fields during daytime. Among the duties of
those selected were to protect the properties Martial Law Period
of the people in the barangay and protect their
crops and livestock from wild animals. PD 765 otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975,enacted o
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the
Spanish Period President to the Ministry of National Defense

Carabineros de Seguridad Publica organized in 1712 for the purpose

Post
of Martial
carryingLaw
the regulations
Regime of the Department of State; this was a

Guardrilleros/Cuardillo this was a body of rural police by the RoyalExecutive

Decree of 18
Order
January
No 1012
1836,this
transferred
decree provided
to the city
that
and
5%municipal
of the able
g

Guardia Civil this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the CrownExecutive
on 12 February
Order 1852
No 1040
to partially
transferred
relieve the administrative
Spanish Peninsular
control
troo
a
from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commiss
American Period
RA 6975 otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and L
The Americans established the United States Philippine
Commission headed by General Howard Taft as its first RA 8551 otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform
governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70of the Taft Commission. T
RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on
ACT NO 175 entitled An Act Providing for the - An Act extending for five (5) years the reglementary period for com
Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary, enacted on July 18, 1901.

Henry T. Allen - Captain of the 6th US cavalry, a graduate of West Point class 1882. Father of the Philippine Constabulary. The first chief of

ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901.