DPWH Road Signs and Pavement Markings May 2011 Complete PDF
DPWH Road Signs and Pavement Markings May 2011 Complete PDF
DPWH Road Signs and Pavement Markings May 2011 Complete PDF
The first edition of the Road Signs and Pavement Markings Manual was developed in
2004 as part of the Capacity Building Component of the ADB-assisted Road
Infrastructure Safety Project with the assistance of the DPWH staff from the Project
Evaluation Division of the Planning Service and the Traffic Engineering Center. The
manual includes standards and guidance for the installation and use of regulatory
signs, guide signs (including direction signs, tourist signs and street names),
expressway signs, traffic instruction signs, hazard markers and pavement markings.
The Department of Public Works and Highways issued this second edition (updated
version) of the Road Signs and Pavement Markings Manual to establish and maintain
a standardized system of signs and pavement markings on all roads in the
Philippines by incorporating internationally accepted new standards and practices.
The manual is one of the two parts of the DPWH Highway Safety Design Standards
Manual as follows:
Part 1: Road Safety Design Manual
The Road Signs and Pavement Markings Manual shall be used as the primary
reference for the design and installation of road signs and pavement markings on
national and local roads. To maximize safety and provide credible instructions to
drivers, it is essential to maintain a consistent standard for signs and pavement
markings. In the interest of uniformity, Local Government Units, traffic management
and enforcing authorities, project managers and consultants must apply the
requirements of this manual on all road projects or road maintenance activities under
their control.
The principals contained in this manual should also be used in the training of
personnel from the DPWH and other traffic management offices in the government
and private sectors who are involved in the design, maintenance and construction of
roads. This will enable all future road signs and pavement markings to be consistent
and uniform standard.
This manual supersedes the previous Road Signs and Pavement Markings Manual
published in 2004.
Table of Contents
Foreword
Part A : Road Signs 1
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2
1.1 Background................................................................................................ 2
1.2 The Scope of the Manual .......................................................................... 2
1.3 Authority for Installation ............................................................................. 2
1.4 Definition of Terms .................................................................................... 3
1.5 Classification of Signs ............................................................................... 3
1.6 Standard Application ................................................................................. 4
1.7 Design ........................................................................................................ 4
1.7.1 Shape....................................................................................................... 5
1.7.2 Size .......................................................................................................... 5
1.7.3 Color ........................................................................................................ 5
1.7.4 Letter Series ............................................................................................ 6
1.7.5 Letter Size Selection ................................................................................ 6
1.7.6 Use of Symbols ........................................................................................ 7
1.7.7 Sign Face Design .................................................................................... 7
1.7.8 Use of Pilipino Worded Signs .................................................................. 7
1.8 Uniformity of Location ................................................................................ 8
1.8.1 Longitudinal Placement ........................................................................... 8
1.8.2 Lateral Placement and Height ................................................................. 8
1.9 Overhead Signs ......................................................................................... 9
1.10 Reflectorization and Illumination ............................................................. 10
1.10.1 Means of Illumination ............................................................................. 10
1.10.2 Means of Reflectorization ...................................................................... 10
1.11 Installation ................................................................................................ 10
1.12 Excessive Use ......................................................................................... 10
1.13 Maintenance ............................................................................................ 10
2 REGULATORY SIGNS (TYPE R) ................................................................... 13
2.1 General .................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Purpose and Application ......................................................................... 13
2.3 Location ................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Classification............................................................................................ 14
2.5 Sign Sizes ................................................................................................ 14
2.6 Priority Signs (R1) ................................................................................... 15
2.6.1 Stop (R1-1) ............................................................................................ 15
2.6.2 Give Way (R1-2) .................................................................................... 16
2.6.3 Left Turner Must Give Way (R1-3) ........................................................ 17
2.7 Direction Signs (R2) ................................................................................ 18
2.7.1 Direction to be Followed (R2-1 to R2-7) ................................................ 18
2.7.2 Other Directional Signs .......................................................................... 19
2.8 Prohibitive or Restrictive Signs (R3) ....................................................... 21
2.8.1 No Entry for All Vehicles (R3-1 and R3-1P) .......................................... 21
2.8.2 No Entry for Specific Type of Road Users (R3-2 to R3-12) ................... 21
2.8.3 Pedestrian Prohibition Signs (R3-10P1; R3-10P2) ............................... 22
2.8.4 Bawal Tumawid Gamitin Ang Overpass (R3-10P3) .............................. 23
2.8.5 Turning Prohibition (R3-13; R3-14; R3-15)............................................ 23
2.8.6 Prohibition of Overtaking (R3-16) .......................................................... 24
2.9 Speed Signs (R4) .................................................................................... 25
2.9.1 Speed Restriction (Maximum) (R4-1) .................................................... 25
2.9.2 Speed De-restriction (R4-2; R4-12P) .................................................... 25
2.9.3 Speed Restriction (Minimum) (R4-3) ..................................................... 26
2.10 Parking Signs (R5) .................................................................................. 27
2.10.1 No Parking Signs (R5-1, R5-2, R5-3) .................................................... 27
2.10.2 Restricted Parking and Loading Signs (R5-4; R5-4A; R5-4B; R5-4C) .. 28
2.10.3 No Waiting Signs (R5-5; R5-5A; R5-5B) ............................................... 28
2.10.4 No Loading and Unloading Signs (R5-6; R5-6A) .................................. 29
2.10.5 No Loading / Unloading Within Yellow-Painted Curb (R5-7) ................. 29
2.10.6 No Stopping Anytime (R5-8) .................................................................. 30
2.10.7 No Parking or Stopping Signs PUV Stop Area (R5-9A; R5-9B; R5-9C)
.............................................................................................................. 30
2.10.8 Do Not Block Intersection (R5-10) ......................................................... 31
2.10.9 Right Turners Cross at Broken White Lines (R5-11) ............................. 31
2.11 Miscellaneous Signs (R6)........................................................................ 31
2.11.1 Prohibition on Use of Audible Warning Device No Blowing of Horns
Sign (R6-1) ........................................................................................... 31
2.11.2 Load and Dimension Restriction Signs (R6-2 to R6-6) ......................... 32
2.11.3 Use Seat Belt Sign (R6-7) ..................................................................... 33
2.11.4 Pedestrians Crossing (R6-8) ................................................................. 33
2.11.5 School Children Crossing (R6-9) ........................................................... 33
2.11.6 Bike Lane (R6-10).................................................................................. 34
2.11.7 Wheel Chair Crossing (R6-11) .............................................................. 34
3 WARNING SIGNS (TYPE W).......................................................................... 35
3.1 Application of Warning Signs .................................................................. 35
3.2 Classification of Warning Signs............................................................... 35
3.3 Design ...................................................................................................... 36
3.4 Location ................................................................................................... 36
3.5 Horizontal Alignment Signs (W1) ............................................................ 37
3.5.1 Sharp Turn (W1-1) ................................................................................. 38
3.5.2 Reverse Turn (W1-2) ............................................................................. 38
3.5.3 Curve (W1-3) ......................................................................................... 38
3.5.4 Reverse Curve (W1-4) ........................................................................... 39
3.5.5 Winding Road (W1-5) ............................................................................ 39
3.5.6 Hairpin Bend (W1-6) .............................................................................. 39
3.6 Intersection and Junction Signs (W2) ..................................................... 39
3.6.1 Cross Road (W2-1) ................................................................................ 40
3.6.2 Other Cross Roads (W2-2; W2-3) ......................................................... 41
3.6.3 T and Y Junctions (W2-4; W2-5; W2-6)................................................. 41
3.6.4 Roundabout (Rotonda) (W2-7) .............................................................. 41
3.6.5 Priority Road (W2-8; W2-9; W2-10)....................................................... 41
3.7 Advance Warning of Traffic Control Device Signs (W3)......................... 42
3.7.1 Signals Ahead (W3-1)............................................................................ 42
3.7.2 Stop and Give Way Sign Ahead (W3-2; W3-3) ..................................... 42
3.8 Road Width Signs (W4) ........................................................................... 43
3.8.1 Narrow Bridge (W4-1) ............................................................................ 43
3.8.2 Road Narrows (W4-2) ............................................................................ 44
3.8.3 Divided Road (W4-3) ............................................................................. 44
3.8.4 End Divided Road (W4-4) ...................................................................... 44
3.9 Road Obstacle Signs (W5) ...................................................................... 44
3.9.1 Opening Bridge (W5-1) .......................................................................... 45
3.9.2 Uneven Road (W5-2) ............................................................................. 46
3.9.3 Hump (W5-3) ......................................................................................... 46
3.9.4 Steep Descent (W5-4) and Steep Climb (W5-5) ................................... 46
3.9.5 Spill Way (W5-6) .................................................................................... 46
3.9.6 Flood (W5-7) .......................................................................................... 46
3.9.7 Falling Rocks (W5-8) ............................................................................. 47
3.9.8 Slippery (W5-9) ...................................................................................... 47
3.9.9 Animal Crossing (W5-10)....................................................................... 47
3.9.10 Aircraft (W5-11) ..................................................................................... 48
3.10 Pedestrian and School Signs (W6) ......................................................... 48
3.10.1 Pedestrians (W6-1) and Slow Down Pedestrian Ahead (W6-1P) ......... 48
3.10.2 Children (W6-2) ..................................................................................... 49
3.10.3 Cross Only At Ped Xing (W6-3) ............................................................. 49
3.10.4 Wheel Chair Crossing (W6-4) ................................................................ 49
3.10.5 Bike Lane Ahead (W6-5) ....................................................................... 49
3.11 Railway Level Crossing Signs (W7) ........................................................ 50
3.11.1 Railroad Crossing Position (W7-1; W7-4).............................................. 50
3.11.2 Railway Crossing Advance Warning (W7-2; W7-3) ............................... 50
3.11.3 Alternative Railway Crossing Position (W7-4) ....................................... 50
3.12 Supplementary Signs (W8) ..................................................................... 51
3.12.1 Advisory Speed (W8-1).......................................................................... 51
3.12.2 On Side Road (W8-2) ............................................................................ 52
3.12.3 (Distance) m (W8-3); (Distance) km (W8-4) .......................................... 52
3.12.4 When Wet (W8-5) .................................................................................. 52
3.12.5 Blind (W8-6); Aged (W8-7); Playground (W8-8); School (W8-9); Disabled
(W8-10)................................................................................................. 52
3.12.6 For PUJ (W8-11A); For Buses (W8-11B) .............................................. 53
3.13 Other Warning Signs (W9) ...................................................................... 53
3.13.1 Vertical Clearance (W9-1A; W9-1B) ...................................................... 53
3.13.2 Slow Down Accident Prone Area (W9-2A) or Bumagal Madalas Ang
Aksidente Dito (W9-2B) ........................................................................ 53
3.13.3 Slow Down Merging Traffic Ahead (W9-3) ............................................ 54
3.13.4 Lane Ends Merge Left (W9-4) ............................................................ 54
3.13.5 Slow Down Weighbridge Ahead (W9-5) ................................................ 54
4 GUIDE SIGNS OR INFORMATION SIGNS (TYPE G) ................................... 54
4.1 Classification of Guide Signs .................................................................. 55
4.2 Design ...................................................................................................... 55
4.2.1 Shape..................................................................................................... 55
4.2.2 Color ...................................................................................................... 55
4.2.3 Size ........................................................................................................ 56
4.2.4 Type of Lettering .................................................................................... 56
4.2.5 Size of Lettering ..................................................................................... 56
4.2.6 Letter Spacing ........................................................................................ 56
4.2.7 Amount of Legend ................................................................................. 57
4.2.8 Distance Indication ................................................................................ 57
4.2.9 Reflectorization and Illumination ............................................................ 57
4.3 Location ................................................................................................... 58
4.4 Supports for Guide Signs ........................................................................ 58
4.4.1 Roadside Signs ...................................................................................... 58
4.4.2 Overhead Signs ..................................................................................... 59
4.5 Advance Direction Signs (G1) ................................................................. 60
4.5.1 Application ............................................................................................. 60
4.5.2 Shape, Color and Reflectorization ......................................................... 60
4.5.3 Format and Use ..................................................................................... 60
4.5.4 Legend ................................................................................................... 62
4.5.5 Lettering ................................................................................................. 62
4.5.6 Location ................................................................................................. 63
4.6 Intersection Direction Signs (G2) ............................................................ 64
4.6.1 Function and Application ....................................................................... 64
4.6.2 Design and Layout ................................................................................. 64
4.6.3 Legend and Lettering ............................................................................. 65
4.6.4 Location ................................................................................................. 65
4.7 Reassurance Direction Signs (G3-1; G3-2) ............................................ 65
4.7.1 Function and Shape............................................................................... 65
4.7.2 Lettering and Legend ............................................................................. 65
4.8 Finger Board and Direction Signs for Less Important Roads (G4)......... 66
4.8.1 Purpose.................................................................................................. 66
4.8.2 Shape, Color and Reflectorization ......................................................... 66
4.8.3 Lettering ................................................................................................. 67
4.8.4 Legend ................................................................................................... 67
4.8.5 Distance Indication ................................................................................ 67
4.9 Street Name Signs (G5) .......................................................................... 67
4.9.1 Purpose.................................................................................................. 67
4.9.2 Location and Height ............................................................................... 67
4.9.3 Shape and Size ..................................................................................... 67
4.9.4 Color ...................................................................................................... 68
4.9.5 Lettering and Numerals ......................................................................... 68
4.10 Town Names and Geographical Feature Signs (G6) ............................. 69
4.10.1 Application ............................................................................................. 69
4.11 Service Signs (G7) .................................................................................. 70
4.11.1 Application ............................................................................................. 70
4.12 Tourist Information and Tourist Destination Signs (G8) ......................... 72
4.13 Route Markers (G9) ................................................................................. 73
4.13.1 Purpose.................................................................................................. 73
4.13.2 Design .................................................................................................... 73
4.13.3 Location of Route Markers..................................................................... 73
4.14 Asian Highway Route Markers (G10)......75
4.14.1 Purpose. 75
4.14.2 Design... 75
4.14.3 Advance Directional Signs with Route Marker Shield.. 76
4.14.4 Asian Highway Leg Marker Sign (G1-1, G1-2, G1-3, G1-4) ... 77
Appendices
Index
Table of Figures
1.1 Background
This manual is prepared and issued by the Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH) to provide guidance in design and installation of a
standard signs on all roads throughout the Philippines, including those under
the care and management of local governments.
As in the case of any other type of traffic control devices, road signs should
be used only when these are necessary and where their use has been
justified by field studies.
Road signs contain instructions that the road user is required to obey. They
warn the road user of hazards that may not be self-evident. They also give
information about routes, directions, destinations, and places of interests.
Since road signs are essential part of the road traffic system, their message
should be concise, meaningful, consistent, and their design and placement
must be coordinated with the road geometric design.
This manual describes the different types of road signs and pavement
markings signs and prescribes their standard and the conditions under which
each must be used. The standards set forth in this manual are primarily
designed for the streets and highways that constitute the basic road system.
Special signs for expressways are also included in this revised edition.
However, signs for road works have been omitted from this manual. These
signs are included in a separate Road Works Safety Manual.
Traffic signs shall be installed only upon approval of the Secretary of the
DPWH or his delegated authority, having the necessary jurisdiction, for the
purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic. No traffic signs shall bear
any advertising or commercial message, or any other message that is not
essential to traffic control.
To be effective, the road sign should meet the five basic requirements:
Fulfill a need;
Command attention;
Convey a clear, simple message;
Command respect; and,
Give adequate time for proper response.
Each standard sign shall be displayed only for the specific purpose prescribed
for in this Manual. Before any new highway, detour, or temporary route is
opened to traffic, all necessary signs shall be in place.
This manual provides criteria for the application of signs and where
applicable, includes warrants or guides for use.
The designs of most commonly used signs are included in Appendix B of this
manual.
1.7 Design
1.7.1 Shape
Standard sign shapes are:
The octagon is reserved exclusively for the STOP sign;
The equilateral triangle, with one point vertically downward is reserved
for the GIVE WAY Sign;
The circle symbol is mainly used for regulatory signs;
The circle symbol may sometimes be mounted on a rectangular base
either for easy recognition or for additional information;
The equilateral triangle with one point vertically upward is used for
warning signs;
The rectangle, usually with long axis horizontal is used for directional
signs, service signs, road work signs, signs for special purposes, and
supplementary plates for warning signs;
The rectangle, usually with long axis vertical is generally used for
facility information signs, instruction signs, guide signs, and
destinations of point of interest; and,
The pentagon, with point up is used only for pedestrian and school
crossing sign.
1.7.2 Size
Minimum dimensions depend upon applications. Larger sizes are required for
wider roadways and on high-speed facilities (See letter size selection in
Section1.7.5).
1.7.3 Color
The standard colors for signs are as follows:
Red is used as a background for STOP signs, as border color on GIVE WAY
signs, warning signs and prohibitive signs in the regulatory type.
Black is used as legend color for signs having white, yellow, orange,
fluorescent orange, fluorescent yellow green background and as chevron for
hazard markers.
White is the background color for most signs and legends for some colored
background.
Brown is reserved as background color for all tourist facility directional and
information signs.
Series A and B letters are not used on signs which, have to be used for
moving vehicles as the legibility distances are small. Series C is only used in
special cases. Series D and E (E mod) are commonly used as they provide
the best legibility and aesthetics. Series F is not often used on large signs
due to the wide space required.
Standard letter tables given in Appendix D for capital letters comprise 3 steps
of spacing: narrow; medium; and, wide. Wider spacing is always used for
lower-case letters. In the size tables given in the manual for each standard
sign, the abbreviation following the letter size indicates the alphabet series A
to F or LC and the spacing as follows:
N = narrow spacing;
M = medium spacing;
W = wide spacing; and,
Example:
160 DM would mean 160mm series D letters at medium spacing.
90 LC would mean 90mm lower case letters that are always at wide
spacing
It should be noted that when all the sign rules have been followed, some
visual judgment must be exercised in adjusting sign elements. The following
general rules are to be applied when designing the sign face:
Cramping of legend is to be avoided;
Avoid large areas of blank panel, particularly blank areas not
symmetrically disposed across the panel;
If there are two list of legends side by side (e.g., as on Reassurance
Signs) it is necessary to left justify the left list and right justify the right
list; and,
Elements such as arrows and symbols may sometimes have to be
larger than the principal legend would normally require. For example,
an arrow relates to several lines of legends on a direction sign.
Sign face shall show sufficient details to be manufactured. The following are
minimum features required:
Legend type and size, e.g., 160 E Mod (160mm E Modified); 80 DN
(80mm D Narrow);
Details of arrows, diagrammatic symbols and any future route markers
(e.g., by reference to standard drawings);
Overall dimension of all elements and spacing between these
elements;
Distances defining the position of each letter and numeral on the sign
face relation to one edge of the sign;
Details of border width, edge strips, and corner radii; and,
Class and color of sign face materials.
Signs are normally located on the right side of the road. In special
circumstances, which are specified herein, signs may be duplicated on the left
side or mounted over the road. If the sign is located at an exposed position,
consideration may need to be given to the use of a frangible or breakaway
type of construction, or other means of safety protection for the road user at
the sign supports.
Generally, there should not be more than one signs of a particular type on
each post, except where one sign supplements another, or where route or
directional signs must be grouped. Where it becomes necessary to convey
two or more different messages at one location, separate signs located at a
minimum of 0.6Vm apart (where V is the 85th percentile speed in kph) should
be used. For guide signs on expressways and other high speed roads
considerable greater distance may be required. Such signs should nor
obscure or detract from one another.
The rules apply to permanent signs and include signs for roadwork and
special purposes where these are mounted on posts set into the ground. Any
variation in these rules for a particular sign is given in the rule relating to that
sign.
There are, however, be exceptions where conditions do not permit these rules
to be applied. In these cases, the placement or height is adjusted to meet
these special conditions e.g., the height of a sign may be increased or
decreased to avoid obstructing sight distance at an intersection.
a) Rural Areas
Lateral Placement: On uncurbed roads in the rural areas, the sign should be
at least 600mm clear of the outer edge of the road shoulder, the line of the
guideposts or face of guardrail. The clearance should not be less than 2m
nor more than 5m from the edge of the traveled way, except for large guide
signs on expressways where great clearances may be required.
b) Urban Areas
Lateral placement: On curbed roads, signs should be located back from the
face of the curb not less than 300mm nor more than 1m. Where mountable
or semi-mountable curbs are used e.g., on traffic islands, the minimum
clearance should be 500mm. On uncurbed roads or on certain arterial roads
designed for high speed traffic movement, the distance given in Rural Areas
shall be used.
The recommended lateral positioning of road side signs are shown in Figure
1.1.
The operational requirements of our highways and expressways are such that
overhead signs will have to be provided at many locations.
Overhead signs are generally of the directional and lane control types, and
are generally supported on cantilever, butterfly or gantry structures. (See
Chapter 4)
Signs that are intended to convey message during dark periods need to be
reflectorized or illuminated for greater visibility of colors and shapes. High-
grade reflective or illuminated materials shall be required on overhead signs
and for road signs in areas with street lighting of high intensity.
1.11 Installation
To eliminate possible and undesirable reflection from the surface of the sign,
it should be turned about 5 degrees away from the normal to the headlight
beam. After signs are installed, it is good practice to test them by trial
approach runs in a motor vehicle both by day and night.
The use of regulatory and warning signs should be restricted to the minimum
consistent with their particular requirements, as signs tend to lose their
effectiveness if used unnecessarily or too frequently.
1.13 Maintenance
All traffic signs should be kept in proper position, clean and legible at all
times. Damaged signs should be replaced without undue delay.
Special attention and necessary action should be taken to see that weeds,
trees, shrubs, and construction materials do not obscure the face of any sign.
2.1 General
The signs in this chapter are those which require drivers compliance.
Regulatory signs indicate the application of legal or statutory requirements,
e.g., obligation to give way at intersections, speed limits, prohibition of
movements at intersections and control of parking of vehicles.
Regulatory signs and devices NOT included in this chapter are as follows:
Regulatory signs applicable exclusively to Expressways (see Section
5);
Regulatory pavement markings (see Section B Pavement Markings);
and,
Traffic Control Signals.
There are other Type R signs which also give traffic instructions and are
called special Traffic Instruction signs. These signs inform or warn motorists
of their obligation to obey traffic rules. These signs are included in Chapter 6
Special Traffic instruction Signs (Type S).
Most regulatory signs are rectangular in shape, with either red or black legend
on a generally white background. The notable exceptions to this are STOP
signs (octagonal), GIVE WAY (triangular) and some manually operated
banner used in road works.
Regulatory signs shall be erected only with the approval of the Secretary of
the DPWH or delegated authority on national roads and their intersecting
roads or local government authority having the necessary jurisdiction, and
shall be removed promptly if the legal requirements of the signs become
inconsistent with the prevailing conditions.
Included in this classification are those signs that indicate the removal of a
legal restriction imposed by a preceding regulatory sign. An example is the
Speed De-restriction sign (R4-2).
2.3 Location
The KEEP RIGHT or KEEP LEFT signs are installed where a physical
obstruction exists, e.g., a traffic island in channelized intersections and on the
median island at the start of a divided road.
The regulatory pedestrian crossing (circular sign with fluorescent yellow green
background) sign is located at or in the vicinity of the authorized marked
crossings (zebras). Control of parking may be required to ensure visibility of
pedestrians.
2.4 Classification
The design and use of each of these classifications are described in the
sections referred to above.
The STOP sign is also used at railway level crossings and in conjunction with
movable gates or barriers as, for example, at vehicular ferries.
A STOP sign shall be used when, for minor road traffic, the distance Y, in
either direction along the major or uncontrolled road as shown in Figure 2.1 is
less than the distance given for the corresponding major road speed.
R1-2
R1-3
a) Disc Type
Reflectorized Blue Background
Reflectorized White arrow.
b) Plate Type
Black Legend. Reflectorized white background on plate Reflectorized Blue
background on disc
Reflectorized white arrow symbols.
A LL
TRAFFIC
R2-7P R2-7S
The TWO WAY sign should be placed along the road on the departure side of
every intersection along the TWO WAY route
b) LEFT LANE MUST TURN LEFT and RIGHT LANE MUST TURN RIGHT
(R2-8)
Back legend and border
Reflectorized white background
R2-8R R2-8L
The LEFT (RIGHT) LANE MUST TURN LEFT (RIGHT) signs are used
alongside a marked lane which is reserved exclusively for vehicles turning left
(right) at the next intersection.
The sign may be used alone or in conjunction with arrows or words marked
on the surface of the lane.
R3-1 R3-1P
Size of Border
Sign No Size (mm)
and Bar (mm)
R3-2A to R3-12A 450 40
R3-2B to R3-12B 600 50
R3-2C to R3-12C 750 60
R3-2 R3-3
R3 - 6
The NO U TURN sign shall be used where vehicles are forbidden to make a
turn to reverse the direction of travel.
NO NO NO
RIGHT LEFT U
TURN TURN TURN
R3-13P R3-14P R3-15P
Size (mm))
Sign No Border & Letter Size
Symbol Plate
Bar
R3-16A 600 50
R3-16B 900 70
R3-16 PA 490 600 X 900 40 100 CN
R3-16 PB 600 750 X 1000 50 120 CN
BAWAL
R3-16
LUMUSOT
R3-16P
Numeral Size
Size No of
Sign No (mm) and
(mm Dia.) Numerals
Series
R4-1A 450 2 200 DN
2 240 DN
R4-1B 600
3 240 DN
2 400 DN
R4-1C 900
3 320 DN
Size of Border
Sign No. Plate Size (mm)
/ Bar (mm)
R4-2A 450 X 450 50 / 70
R4-2B 600 X 600 60 / 80
Legend END
R4-2PA 450 X 750 120 EM
R4-2PB 600 X 1000 160 EM
R4-2PC 800 X 1334 200 EM
R4-3 (40)
The wording required on parking control signs will depend upon the
applicable traffic laws and regulations.
Signs should generally be mounted on their own individual posts, but where a
number of separate instructions apply to the same length of curb space; these
should be included on one sign where practicable.
Although parking control signs are not required to be fully legible from moving
vehicle, the simplest wording should always be used and suitable
abbreviations assist in this objective.
Where arrows are used to indicate the direction in which the restrictions
apply, their size shall be small enough to avoid confusion with the arrow used
for controlling the direction of moving traffic.
TOW - AWAY
ZONE
2.10.2 Restricted Parking and Loading Signs (R5-4; R5-4A; R5-4B; R5-4C)
Restricted parking signs shall be rectangular in shape and normally not less
than 450mm X 750mm in size with the long axis vertical. They shall have
reflectorized white background, green reflectorized borderline and legends for
permissive messages such as 2 HOUR PARKING, METER PARKING; and,
LOADING AND UNLOADING ZONE.
The LOADING ZONE sign should also be used in conjunction with the NO
PARKING disc. Parking control signs need not be reflectorized unless street
lighting is inadequate or the message has special night time significance.
These signs shall be used at designated loading and unloading zones for
passengers and goods along a route or at a minimum of 30.0m before and
after an intersection.
NO
LOADING
AND
UNLOADING
ANYTIME
R5-6 R5-6 A
R5-7
R5-8
2.10.7 No Parking or Stopping Signs PUV Stop Area (R5-9A; R5-9B; R5-9C)
Reflectorized black letters.
Black Vehicle Symbol.
Reflectorized Red annular symbol, arrow and bar.
Reflectorized Red border
The BUS STOP sign is used exclusively for bus passenger loading and
unloading. It shall be rectangular in shape and not less than 400mm X
900mm in size. The NO PARKING symbol should be used in conjunction
with this sign where total parking is prohibited.
The PUJ STOP signs are used exclusively for jeepney passenger loading and
unloading. It shall be rectangular in shape and not less than 400mm x
900mm in size. The NO PARKING symbol should be used in conjunction
with this sign where total parking is prohibited.
The BUS-PUJ STOP signs are used exclusively for bus and jeepney loading
and unloading of passengers and goods. It shall be rectangular in shape and
not less than 400mm x 900mm in size. The NO PARKING symbol should be
used in conjunction with this sign where total parking is prohibited.
R5-11
Sign R6-2 shall be used to prohibit entry for vehicles having overall width
exceeding the dimension shown.
Sign R6-3 shall be used to prohibit entry for vehicles having overall height
exceeding the dimension shown.
Sign R6-4 shall be used to indicate the maximum permitted gross load in tons
on any section of road and shall be erected on the immediate approaches to
the restricted section.
Sign R6-5 shall be used to prohibit entry of vehicles with gross axle load
exceeding the limit shown.
Sign R6-6 shall be used to prohibit entry of vehicles with overall length
exceeding the limit shown.
R6-5 R6-6
The Use Seat Belt signs are used pursuant to RA8750, the
Seat Belt Law.
R6-8
2.11.5 School Children Crossing (R6-9)
Black symbol, legend and border
Reflectorized fluorescent yellow green background
R6-9
R6-10
2.11.7 Wheel Chair Crossing (R6-11)
Black symbol, legend and border.
Reflectorized fluorescent yellow green background.
R6-11
In general, warning signs are triangular in shape (with one angle vertical),
with a black symbol, reflectorized red border on a retro-reflective white, or
fluorescent yellow green background. Other exceptions to this general rule
are specified in the text.
The size of a warning sign should be suited to the conditions for which it is
required. Traffic volumes, speed, road conditions, background lighting and
other factors will all influence the choice of the appropriate size.
Where conditions require greater visual impact or emphasis, the larger size
signs should be used with a correspondingly larger symbol or legend. By
referring to the letter sizes for any sign and equating these to the required
sight distances and legibility requirements, the most suitable sign can be
selected for any particular condition.
The size of one side of the equilateral triangular shaped signs shall not be
less than 600mm. For high-speed expressways, larger signs (up to 1200mm)
are usually adopted.
Sizes of special signs with other shapes can sometimes be selected to give
comparable warning to drivers if the standard sign is found inadequate.
Some of these special signs are included in this manual (see Chapter 6).
3.4 Location
As warning signs are placed primarily for the protection of the driver who is
not familiar with the road, it is very important that their location and installation
must be undertaken with care. Although guidelines for their positioning are
given below there will be instances where local conditions require different
treatment. Test runs should be made by day and by night from both
directions to check the location and mounting of each installation.
A warning sign should generally be installed on the right side of the road and
be positioned so that it will convey its message most effectively without
restricting lateral clearance or sight distance. However, in special
circumstances the sign or a duplicate sign may be erected on the left side of
the road. Duplicate signs on the left side will usually be required on one-way
roads.
In urban areas advance warning signs should be placed at not less than
30.0m or more than 100.0m in advance of the hazardous area, while in rural
areas the signs should be placed at not less than 75.0m nor more than
225.0m in advance of the hazardous area. The actual advance warning
Where it is desired to warn of more than one potential hazard at the same
location, the signs shall be installed on separate posts placed at a distance
not less than 0.6Vm apart, where V is the 85th percentile speed in kph.
These signs are used to indicate the type of road curve ahead of the motorist.
Basically, the following types are considered: the sharp turn; the reverse
turn; the curve turn; the reverse curve; the winding road and the hairpin
curve. An advisory speed plate can be used to supplement the intention of
these signs (see W8-1).
There are three general sizes for this series. Size A is usually for use in
urban low speed roads; Size B for rural roads with speed limits between 60
and 70kph. Size C for high speed rural highways.
W1-1
W1-3
W1-4
W1-6
Signs in the intersection and junction series are used where the sight distance
on the approach to an intersection or junction is less than the safe stopping
distance or where drivers may have difficulty in appreciating the presence or
configuration of an intersection ahead. However, there may be unusual
situations where a special design will be required to describe the intersection
configuration more accurately. Such a design must comply with the general
standard of warning sign series.
Signs in this series shall not be used on an approach where the regulatory
signs STOP (R1-1), GIVE WAY (R1-2), or traffic signals are installed.
W2-1
W2-2 W2-3
The side road junction sign (W2-6) is used to warn road users that a side road
has a fairly large volume of traffic entering or crossing the through route.
W2-7
The circles in the signal symbol are shown in the three colors of the lights that
they represent and shall be reflectorized.
These warning signs are only used to warn the presence of a STOP or
GIVEWAY sign at the intersection ahead which may not be conspicuous to
the motorist when approaching the intersection. The arrow direction may vary
to indicate the location of the STOP or GIVEWAY sign concerned.
W3-2 W3-3
This warning sign is used at a sudden change of road width either narrowing
or widening of carriageways. The types and sizes of these signs are shown
in the table.
W4-1 W4-1P
W4-2 W4-2P
W4-3
W4-4
These signs include those which warn motorists of unexpected road features
such as change in road pavement surface and infrastructure, hazards due to
weather conditions and environment.
Size (mm)
Sign Sign No
(Plate Size)
W5-1B 600
Opening Bridge
W5-1C 750
W5-2A 450
W5-2B 600
Uneven Road
W5-2C 750
W5-2D 900
W5-3A 450
W5-3B 600
Hump
W5-3C 750
W5-3D 900
W5-4B 600
Steep Decent W5-4C 750
W5-4D 900
W5-5A 450
Steep Climb W5-5B 600
W5-5C 750
W5-6A 450
W5-6B 600
Ford
W5-6C 750
W5-6D 900
W5-7A 450
W5-7B 600
Flood
W5-7C 750
W5-7D 900
W5-8B 600
Falling or Fallen
W5-8C 750
Rocks (L or R)
W5-8D 900
W5-9A 450
W5-9B 600
W5-9C 750
Slippery Road W5-9D 900
W5-9PA (450X700)
W5-9PB (600X900)
W5-9PC (750X1200)
W5-10B 600
Cattle Crossing W5-10C 750
W5-10D 900
W5-11A 450
W5-11B 600
Aircraft
W5-11C 750
W5-11D 900
W5-1
W5-2
W5-3
The Steep Climb sign (W5-5) is used in advance of long steep upgrades of
10% or more.
W5-4 W5-5
W5-6
W5-7
W5-8
The sign should be repeated at intervals of not more than 3km on long
sections of such roads.
W5-9 W5-9P
W5-10
W5-11
The pedestrian and school signs have been included to replace the traditional
triangle warning signs for pedestrians, school children, handicapped persons
and bicycle users. The sign will have different shapes and fluorescent yellow
green background to provide more conspicuity and visibility of these signs.
W6-1 W6-1P
W6-2
W6-3
W6-4
W6-5
W7-2 is used for railway crossings without signal control and W7-3 for those
with signal control.
W7-2B 600
W7-2C 750
W7-2D 900
W7-3B 600
W7-3C 750
W7-3D 900
W7-2 W7-3
W7-4
These signs are erected on the same post, and below the warning sign with
which it is associated. These signs have black legend on white background.
The sizes for these signs are shown as follows:
The Advisory Speed sign shall be installed on the same posts as, and below,
the warning sign with which it is associated. In no case shall such a sign be
installed until the nominated speed has been determined by accepted traffic
engineering procedures.
W8-2
W8-5
3.12.5 Blind (W8-6); Aged (W8-7); Playground (W8-8); School (W8-9); Disabled
(W8-10)
The BLIND, AGED, PLAYGROUND, SCHOOL and DISABLED signs, as
appropriate, are used in conjunction with the PEDESTRIAN and CHILDREN
Crossing signs (W6-1) and (W6-2).
W8-6 W8-7
W8-8
W8-9 W8-10
W8-11A W8-11B
The LOW CLEARANCE X.Xm sign shall be rectangular in shape and not less
than 1950mm x 600mm in size with the long axis horizontal. It shall be
installed on all bridges, underpasses and other structures where the vertical
clearance above the road pavement is 4.80m or less to warn motorist of the
restricted height of the approaching structures. Vertical clearances shall be
reckoned from the highest flood level.
W9-1A W9-1B
3.13.2 Slow Down Accident Prone Area (W9-2A) or Bumagal Madalas Ang
Aksidente Dito (W9-2B)
The SLOW DOWN ACCIDENT PRONE AREA or BUMAGAL MADALAS ANG
AKSIDENTE DITO sign shall be rectangular in shape and not less than
1060mm x 600mm in size with the long axis horizontal. Letters and borders
shall be black on white reflectorized background.
W9-2A W9-2B
Guide signs inform road users about the direction and distances of
destinations on the route they are following or along other roads that intersect
their route. They also supply information to identify points of geographical or
historical interest and give directions to rest areas, camping or parking areas.
Guide signs do not normally lose their value by frequent use but they can be
ineffective unless attention is given to their proper location and the clarity of
the message.
Signs in the Directional Signing series are usually classified into four
categories:
Those installed in advance of the intersection. These include Advance
Direction Signs (e.g., G1-1 to G1-6) and Lane Designation Signs (GE2-
3);
Those installed at the intersection. These include Intersection
Direction Signs (G2-1 to G2-4) and Finger Board signs (G4 signs);
Those on departure from the intersection. These are Reassurance
Direction Signs (G3-1 and G3-2); and,
Those installed on expressways. The GE signs is described in Section
5 of this manual.
4.2 Design
4.2.1 Shape
Guide signs are generally rectangular in shape. Where practicable, they
should be designed with long axis horizontal. Exceptions to this rule are route
markers, which are normally on a shield of distinctive shape and kilometer
posts.
4.2.2 Color
The words, symbols, and borders of guide signs should be reflectorized on all
colors except black that contrasts with the background of the sign.
The likely visual impact of the sign must be considered in relation to its
location, background and surroundings. For example, in an urban street with
advertising signs, guide signs may need to be increased in size to compete
effective with adjacent signs. Overhead signs need to be larger than signs
mounted in normal positions at the side of a road, while roads, which carry
predominantly high-speed traffic, require larger signs than low-speed roads.
A well designed sign can be read at a glance by drivers familiar with the
destinations or the message displayed at normal approach speed. Allowance
should be considered when selecting the size of lettering for those less
familiar with the sign, for the possibility that other vehicles may briefly obstruct
a driver's view, and for a slower response by some drivers due to poor
eyesight or inattention.
If a sign has to be located outside the driver's normal field of vision, the size
of lettering should be increased. This applies to roadside signs on multi-lane
roads and to a lesser degree to cantilevered signs and some overhead signs.
Desirably, a guide sign should carry not more than three lines of legend or
three destination names. However, up to five lines or names may be used in
special cases.
4.3 Location
Generally, roadside guide signs should be located on the right side of the
road where a driver would expect to see them. In some circumstances the
sign may be mounted above the carriageway (see Section 1.8).
The lateral placement and height of guide signs shall be in accordance with
Section 1.8.2. Very large roadside signs may require special consideration,
while special circumstances of road layout and adjacent topography may also
warrant departures from the given rules.
Normally, guide signs should not be erected in medians unless they have
special relevance to traffic traveling in the median lane. In special cases, a
sign is required to supplement a similar sign on the left side. In urban
situations with wide medians and roadside development, mounting of signs
within the median may be unavoidable.
In urban areas where large signs need to be erected in the footpath, the sign
and its supports should present a pleasing appearance and supporting posts
should not be erected where pedestrians are likely to walk into them at night.
Supporting structures, which completely span a footway with supports on
each side, are undesirable.
4.5.1 Application
Advance direction signs are used in advance of an intersection to indicate
destinations along each route leading away from the intersection, providing
prior information of the routes ahead by showing place, names, arrows,
symbols and instructions to indicate directions.
The stack sign is the type normally used. Such signs list destinations
together with appropriate direction arrows, and if required road names and
route markers. (see Section 7.3.2 of Appendix A, Figure 7.1)
This type of sign presents a simplified diagram of the intersection layout (see
G1-4 and G1-5). It should be used at complex intersections and major
roundabouts (rotunda) and for successive closely spaced road junctions or
locations where a stack sign can not adequately indicate the complex layout.
M on u m en t o
M a n ila
Bat aa n
P a t eros G1-2
G1-1
S OU T H S U P ER H WY
P a sa y C it y
A la ba n g
G1-3
L ip a C ity
P a la n c a
San J os e
G1-4
In t ra m u ros
P ort
A rea
G1-5
4.5.4 Legend
Stack signs should preferably be limited to a maximum of five lines of legend,
including route number and street names, with no more than two lines in any
one panel, except that G1-3 type sign may have up to three lines. The
diagrammatic signs should be limited to a total of five items, including
destination and route names.
No more than two place names, and preferably only one should be used for
any one direction. Where two names are shown, the first (top) name shall be
that of the first destination on the route.
4.5.5 Lettering
All lettering for destinations on both stack and diagrammatic signs shall be
lower case with Modified Series E initial capitals.
To reduce overall length of a sign, use standard abbreviation e.g., HWY for
Highway; RD for Road; ST for Street; AVE for Avenue; and, EXPRWAY for
Expressway.
4.5.6 Location
The distance at which an Advance Direction sign should be located in
advance of an intersection varies according to the expected speed of
approaching vehicles. In rural areas Advance Direction signs should be
located at a minimum distance from the intersection as indicated in the
following table:
<60 75 100
60 70 100 125
71 80 125 150
81 90 150 200
>90 180 250
Intersection Direction signs often perform two more other important functions:
They can indicate to the motorist the presence of the intersection and
the precise point where a decision may be required; and,
At complex channelized intersections, they can help to pinpoint the
exact direction to be followed.
Examples of Intersection Direction signs are G2-1; G2-2; G2-3 and G2-4.
M a n ila B a t a ng as
G2-1 G2-2
M a n i la L egas pi
G2-3
M a n ila
G2-4
A maximum of two legend lines, plus one road name (if applicable) can be
used on the same sign.
4.6.4 Location
Intersection Direction Signs should be located within or near the intersection
at the site where they are readily visible to the approaching motorists.
Letters for route or street name, if shown, shall be black Series D or Series E
capital letters only, approximately same size as the lower case letters of the
destination names. The route name shall be on white panel.
If route number is provided it shall be on the left side of the route name.
Only major town names shall appear in the Re-assurance Direction sign. The
names shall appear in order of their distance from the intersection just
passed, with the shortest distance on the top of the sign.
A n g e le s 7 0
B a g u io 15 6
G3-1
S a n J ose 9 0
G3-2
4.8 Finger Board and Direction Signs for Less Important Roads (G4)
4.8.1 Purpose
At the less important intersections away from the National Highways, special
'Finger Board' type of signs are used to provide directions to towns, scenic
attractions, geographical interests, and to other local facilities such as post
offices, railway stations and aerodromes.
These signs are only used on local roads of lesser importance. They
shall not be used on National Roads.
Examples of Finger Board signs are shown in G4-1; G4-2 and G4-3.
L E GA S P I C I T Y 16 L IPA RD
G4-1 G4-2
PPAA G
GSSAA N
NJJ AA N
N FFAA LL LL SS
G4-3
4.8.4 Legend
The number on finger boards erected on a single post at an intersection
should be kept to a minimum, and should not exceed two for each direction of
travel. The name or names selected should include those given on the
advance direction signs if such signs are erected. Legends can be Road
Names or Destination Names with or without distance shown.
4.9.1 Purpose
Street Name signs inform road users of the names of roads and streets that
they are passing or entering.
Where the signs are erected in the footway, the height should be not less
than 2.2m or more than 3.0m measured to the bottom of the sign. Where
they are erected in a verge or at other locations clear of pedestrian ways, a
lower erection height may be adopted. Where two street name signs are to
be carried on a single post they should be erected at an angle indicated by
the streets so signed.
Examples of Street Name signs (G5-1) and (G5-2) are shown below:
BONIFACIO DR B ON IF A C IO DR
1 - 350
MABINI ST
TA FT A V E
1 - 350
RODRIGUEZ SR BLVD
KALAYAAN AVE
R MAGSAYSAY BLVD GUILLERMO AVE
G5-1 G5-3
4.10.1 Application
This group of signs conveys to the motorist general information of interest,
such as geographical locations.
Town Names signs and names of local geographical interests such as the
name of a river, should be erected on the right side of the road at the
boundary or entrance to a town or the location of interest.
These types of signs shall be rectangular in shape with long axis horizontal.
They shall have black legend on white background. Lettering used should be
Series D or E capitals although Series C is permissible for long words. The
principal legend should not be smaller than 140mm for any sign located to
face approaching traffic. For signs erected with face parallel to the road
centerline, such as geographical boundary signs, letters smaller than 140mm
may be used.
Examples of these signs are shown in G6-1 (Town Name); G6-2 (Province
Name); G6-3 (Geographic Feature); and G6-4 (Local Government Boundary).
M OU N T A IN
B A T A N GA S P ROV IN CE
G6-1 G6-2
L A GU N A d e BA Y
G6-3
M A KA TI PA SIG
CITY CITY
G6-4
4.11.1 Application
Generally, Service signs shall be rectangular in shape, generally with long
axis horizontal. They should have white legend on blue background and may
be fully reflectorized if the service is available for use by night.
The lettering on service signs shall have a minimum size of 120mm and
should be Series D or E.
Some of the typical Service Signs are shown as in G7-1, G7-2, G7-3, G7-4,
and G7-5 and symbols for most service signs with their meanings are shown
in Figure 4.2.
G7-1 G7-2
G7-3 G7-3A
GR E E N H IL L S
S H OP P IN G C E N T E R
T U RN LEF T G7-5
300 m
G7-4
Tourist Information signs are not intended to replace normal direction signs to
established tourist areas. However, they may be incorporated into normal
Direction Sign panel, but with a brown background to distinguish its tourist
interest.
Tourist Destination signs are designed similar to other directional signing with
legends in capital lettering with minimum size of 140 DM.
G8-1 G8-2
G8-3 G8-4
4.13.1 Purpose
The identification and general direction of arterial roads and national
highways that have significance as through routes can be achieved by the
display of Route Markers showing the number and direction of the route. The
route numbers can also be displayed on directional signs indicating the
appropriate national highway the motorists is on. A route numbering system
can only be successful when the route number is shown on the road maps
that are freely available to the motorists.
This chapter provides some basic design and application information for the
future implementation of a route marking system.
4.13.2 Design
The national highways could be identified by the shield (G9-1) that has black
numerals and border on reflectorized white background.
When erected as an individual sign, the size of the shield should be:
310mm x 360mm, on national roads, and,
410mm x 480mm, on expressways.
with Series C numerals, but for route markers with one numeral only, Series E
is used.
The direction of the route shall be indicated by arrow boards (G9-2 to G9-6
inclusive), located at top of the route marker (Fig. G9-8).
The direction of the arrows on the arrow board will depend on the road or
intersection geometry.
At the end of the route, the sign END (G9-7) shall be displayed.
Arrow boards and END signs shall have black arrows or legend and black
border on reflectorized white background.
4.14.1 Purpose
The Philippines is one of the 32 member countries of UN-ESCAP. As part of
our commitment, Route Markers and Directional Signs shall be put up along
the Asian Highway. Our country has been assigned the Asian Highway route
number AH26. The route links major seaports and cities in the country
comprising mostly of the Daang Maharlika which commence from Laoag-
Manila Legaspi-Matnog (Ferry) Allen-Tacloban (- Ormoc-(Ferry)-Cebu )
Liloan (Ferry) Surigao-Davao (- Cagayan de Oro) General Santos-
Zamboanga. The total length of AH 26 is about 3,517 kilometers. The main
purpose is to identify general direction of arterial roads of the Asian Highways
that have significance as through routes.
The Route Shield can also be displayed on directional signs to easy identify
the route. To make the Asian Highway Route identification more successful,
this shield (G10-1) should be shown on the road maps that are freely
available to the motorists.
This chapter provides some basic design and application information for the
implementation of Asian Highway Route marking system.
4.14.2 Design
The Asian Highway could be identified by the shield (G10-1) that has a white
retro reflective letters, numerals and border on retro-reflective blue
background.
When erected as an individual sign, the size of the shield should be:
600mm x 750mm, on national roads, and,
720mm x 900mm, on expressways.
Kilometer number (W8-4) can also be supplemented under the shield to aid
the motorist on which point of the route he is in to. The kilometer number shall
have black legends and border on retro-reflective yellow background.
Supplemental arrow board signs can also be installed and shall have black
arrows or legend and black border on reflectorized white background.
The direction of the arrows on the arrow board will depend on the road or
intersection geometry.
In rural areas at intervals of not exceeding 10 km and not less than 5
km, except where reassurance signs have been erected beyond
junctions located within these limits;
In urban areas at intervals of not more than 5 km except where
reassurance signs have been erected beyond junctions which are
spaced less than 2 km apart; and,
Typical incorporation of AH 26 Shield on Intersection Directional
Sign G2-1
4.14.4 Asian Highway Leg Marker Sign (G1-1, G1-2, G1-3, G1-4)
At the start of each segment or leg of the Asian Highway, a gantry type marker shall
be put-up comprising of three types of overhead signage.
G1-1
G1-2 (2440mm x 1700mm) This sign shall have reflectorized white legend on
reflectorized blue background; with AH shield, kilometer box and a map describing
the total length of the Asian Highway 26 section.
G1-2
G1-3
G1-4 (variable x 1700mm) This sign shall have reflectorized white legend on
reflectorized blue background; with AH26 shield, informing the motorist of the name
of the road ahead and its distance.
G1-4
5.1 General
T o T o
N ort h L u z on M M S ky w a y
E x pressw a y S y st em
GE1-1 GE1-2
T o E x pressw a y
GE1-3
P R O H IB IT E D
ON
EX PRESSWA Y B A W A L
P E D E S T R IA N S P U M A S OK
B IC Y C L E S
A N IM A L S S A S A K Y A N G
H ORSE DRA WN
V E H IC L E S W A L A N G
LON G A N D W ID E
LOA DS T A IL L IGH T
GE2-1A GE2-1B
GE2-1C
TOL L
CH A RGES
M OT OR C Y C L ES 2 0
C A RS A N D V A N S 8 0
With
C A RS Trailer 10 0
Under 2 t 2 0 0
OT H ER
V EH ICL E 2 t and
Over 3 0 0
GE2-2
M a ka t i
GE2-3
C a la m ba
E X IT 2 km
GE3-1 A la ba n g
E X IT 1 km
R IGH T LA NE
A la ba n g GE3-2
NEX T E X IT
GE3-3
Exit signs with Destination (GE4-1) shall be erected overhead before the exit
ramp of the interchange.
The NEXT EXIT..KM (GE4-2) is placed below the first advance exit sign at
an interchange where it is desirable to inform drivers that it will be an
unexpectedly long distance before they again leave the expressway.
The EXIT (GE4-3) sign is always placed at the exit ramp gore, 20m to 30m
back from the physical nose. The GE-3A version is used where exits are
numbered.
E X IT
32
GE4-1 GE4-3A
E X32 I T
GE4-2 GE4-3
Typical signs with nominal sizes are shown in the following table:
The principles to be followed for signs on the approaches to a rest area are
similar to those applying to other exit ramps. An advance exit sign should be
located 2 km from the exit ramp, followed at 1 km by a second sign giving
directions to the lane to be used for exit.
R E S T A R E A
2 km
2 km
R IGH T L A N E R IGH T L A N E
GE5-1 GE5-1A
GE5-2 GE5-3
2 km 2 km
GE5-4 GE5-5
N EX T E X IT
GE5-6 GE5-7
Examples of design are shown in Appendix A. The nominal sign sizes are
shown in the following table:
E N D E N D
32 32
E X P R W A Y E X P R W A Y
1 km 2 km
GE6-1 GE6-1A
S T A
32 R T E 32
N D
E X P R W A Y E X P R W A Y
GE6-2 GE6-3
Where toll plazas are also placed to collect tolls at exit ramps, an advance
warning of PAY TOLL AHEAD sign (GE7-3) followed by STOP AT TOLL
GATES (GE7-2) should be erected.
S T OP
T OL L P L A Z A A T
A H E A D T OL L P A Y T OL L
2 km GA T E S A H E A D
These special signs are normally exclusively for expressways. These signs
are normally rectangular in shape with black legend and white reflectorized
background except WRONG WAY GO BACK (GE8-1) and REDUCE
SPEED NOW (GE8-2), which have white legend on reflectorized red
background. Other Regulatory Signs such as Speed Restriction signs belong
to the normal Regulatory Sign series.
Traffic Instruction signs associated with expressway use are shown in the
following table:
GO B A C K at an at-grade intersection.
To be effective, drivers need to see a purpose for slowing down and therefore
other signs should be erected in conjunction with this sign, e.g., END
EXPRWAY (GE6-3).
5.9.4 Right Lane Ends, Merge Left (GE8-4); Lane Ends Merge Left (GE8-5);
Merge Left (GE8-6); Slow Vehicles Use Right Lane (GE8-7) Signs
The RIGHT LANE ENDS, MERGE LEFT sign is located 180m to 220m from
the start of the merge taper. The LANE ENDS MERGE LEFT sign is used
where the opportunity exists to place the sign directly above the terminating
lane, e.g., on a sign gantry in the vicinity of an exit.
In all cases the MERGE LEFT sign is placed at the start of the merger taper.
Three equally spaced merge arrows should also be marked in the lane which
ends.
R IGH T L A N E
E N D S L A N E E N D S
M E R GE L E F T M E R GE L E F T
GE8-4 GE8-5
GE8-6 GE8-7
The SLOW VEHICLES USE RIGHT LANE (GE8-7) sign is used to direct slow
moving vehicles to keep right and allow faster vehicles to overtake on the left lane.
Special Instruction signs are those used at locations where ordinary guide
and regulatory signs do not achieve the desired result. These signs instruct
the motorist to follow a direction or to obey a course of action.
Traffic Instruction signs are normally not regulatory signs but are used in
conjunction with regulatory or warning signs to form a standard treatment,
and to support the operation of traffic rules.
6.1 Design
An Instruction sign should not carry long messages and where possible no
more than five (5) lines of message should be used. Other design criteria
should be based on those for guide signs.
6.2 Type
Two major types of Instruction signs are used, namely, Supplementary signs
and Movement Instruction signs.
These signs include those which are normally used in conjunction with other
signs, either Warning Signs (W) or Regulatory Signs (R).
S1-1 S1-2
S1-3 S1-4
Movement Instruction signs included in this series are shown in the following
table:
S2-2
S2-3L
S2-3R
S2-4AL S2-4AR
The sign should not be used except in these special circumstances because
indiscriminate use would reduce the effectiveness of the general regulation
applying at signalized intersection.
S2-6
6.4.9 Slow Vehicles Use Right Lane (S2-7); Mabagal Na Sasakyan Mamalagi
Sa Kanan (S2-7A)
The SLOW VEHICLES USE RIGHT LANE and MABAGAL NA SASAKYAN
MAMALAGI SA KANAN sign shall be erected on the left side of a road at the
beginning of the taper leading to a lane for slow-moving vehicles.
S2-7 S2-7A
T RA K A T B U S
The TRAK AT BUS MAMALAGI SA KANAN
MALIBAN KUNG LULUSOT sign is used on major
M A M A L A GI roads, particularly where a public utility vehicle lane
SA KA NA N is installed.
M A L IB A N K U N G
L U L U S OT
S2-7B
6.4.11 No Through Road (S2-8)
The NO THROUGH ROAD sign, either S2-8A or S2-8B should be used
where there is a possibility that through traffic may enter a dead-end local
road in error. A suitable place to erect the sign is underneath the street name
sign in the side road. Otherwise, it should face drivers likely to turn into the
road. Signs smaller than those specified may be used for some minor
residential street situations.
S2-8A S2-8B
6.4.12 Road Closed (S2-9)
The ROAD CLOSED sign should be erected in the
center of a road that is closed to vehicular traffic. It
should be erected in conjunction with a permanent
barrier across the road.
S2-9
S2-10
6.4.14 Alternative Route (For Trucks and Buses) (S2-11)
This sign is used to indicate an alternative
for some types of vehicles when the normal
S2-11 route may not be accessible for any reason.
7.1 General
This section covers the standard forms of hazard markers. The most
commonly used forms and sizes are given. The hazard markers used for
road works are not included in this chapter. They are separately provided in
the Road Works Safety Manual.
7.2 Function
7.3 Design
For the shapes illustrated, both size of board and the number and spacing of
the bands or chevrons may be varied to suit visibility requirements.
The types of markers and their overall sizes are shown in Table 7.1.
HM 2 1600 X 400
HM 4B 1200 X 400
HM 5 400 X 1000
Width Marker
(L or R) HM 6A 225 X 450
HM 6B 450 X 900
The HM1 chevron Hazard Marker shall generally be used to delineate curves
where visibility is poor, or with restricted sight lines.
The Chevron Signs (HM -1A and HM - 1B should be used to guide drivers
through a change in horizontal alignment of the road. Chevron signs should
be used to supplement any of the advance warning signs, the Horizontal
Alignment Signs (W Types) or the standard Guide Posts and Delineators.
7.4.2a Design
The chevron sign shall be a vertical rectangle. No border shall be used on the
chevron sign.
The point of the arrow in chevron shall indicate the direction of travel. They
shall be visible for at least 150m to provide the road user with adequate time to react
to the change in alignment. The minimum lateral offset of the chevron sign shall be
1.8m from the edge of the pavement.
The chevron signs shall be installed on the outside of the curve, set up
aligned with the approaching traffic at right angle to a drivers line of sight. Two-sided
chevron signs may be used on two-lane, two-way roads to guide drivers travelling in
both directions.
It is recommended that the spacing of the chevrons signs should allow the
driver to see at least three (3) signs in view while negotiating the curve , until the
change in alignment eliminates the need for the signs.
The above spacing distances shall apply to points within the curve. Approach and departure spacing
distances shall be twice those shown above.
To delineate vertical clearance above the road where height restrictions exist,
i.e., overhead structures that require the display LOW CLEARANCE XXm
(W9-1B) or R6-3.
8.1.1 General
Guide posts are used to mark the edge of the road formation. They assist the
road users by indicating the alignment of the road ahead, especially at
horizontal and vertical curves.
8.1.3 Installation
Guide posts should be erected at or near the edge of the road formation with
a uniform distance from the pavement edge. The nominal spacing of
guideposts on a straight section of road shall be 150m, with posts in pairs,
one on each side of the formation.
Nominal spacing of Guide Posts on straights and curves are shown in Table
8.1.
Spacing (m)(2)
(1) (3)
Curve Radius (m) Outside of Curve Inside of Curve
<100 6 12
100 199 10 20
200 299 15 30
300 399 20 40
400 499 30 60
600 799 40 60
800 1199 60 60
1200 2000 90 (4) 90 (4)
(4) (4)
> 2000 including 150 150
straights
Notes
(1) Where the radius of curve of an existing curve is not available from the
record, it may be determined approximately by measuring the middle
ordinate offset from a chord of known length using the edge of
pavement or marked separation line as a guide
(2) On guard fence, spacing should be adjusted, if necessary, to the
nearest multiple of post spacing.
(3) Post on inside of curve to be placed opposite to post on outside of
curve where possible.
(4) Reduce to 60m in areas subject to fog.
8.2.1 General
Delineators are small reflective panels or buttons mounted on guideposts or
guard fence as an effective aid to delineate the roadway for driving at night.
8.2.3 Installation
Generally, delineators are placed on guideposts near the edge of the
shoulder at a height such that the lower edge of the reflecting surface should
not be less than 500mm above the pavement surface level. Delineators
should be located at intervals not exceeding 30m with closer spacing on
curves. Guidepost should be erected such that the reflective surface of the
delineators would be approximately 300mm from the outer edge of the
shoulder.
8.3.1 General
Linear Delineation System is intended for the linear reflectorization of
concrete barriers and/or metal guardrails. The panels shall be available in
white, red, fluorescent yellow and fluorescent orange colors. The panels are
fabricated from Type II materials and are laminated onto a thin gauge of
galvanized iron or aluminum and formed to a unique shape designed to
provide highly effective, longlife daytime and nighttime visibility in typical
roadway barrier configurations.
8.3.3 Installation
Linear delineators are placed on concrete barriers, metal guardrails, parapet
block type barriers, and concrete safety barriers on roadways and
interchanges. Its either bolted or welded at a height such that the lower edge
of the reflecting surface should not be less than 500mm above the pavement
surface level. Linear delineators should be located at intervals not exceeding
46 cm.
Pre-punched
holes
Edge hemmed
Reflective Sheeting
Substrate
Markings as defined for the purposes of this manual are classified into the
following groups.
Drop-On
As the name implies, glass beads are dropped onto pavement marking
materials as they are being applied. The thickness of the wet paint film
should be at least 60% of the nominal diameter of the drop-on glass beads,
which, varies from 0.40mm to 1.0mm.
Pre-Mixed
Beads are mixed with the paint from the material source and the mixture is
applied directly to the pavement.
The color of pavement markings shall be white except for the alternative uses
of yellow as specified below:
Double yellow no-passing lines;
Black may be used in hazard markers to warn road users at locations where
the protruding objects such as bridge piers, traffic islands and other
permanent objects on or near the roadway. However, the use of black does
not establish it as standard color for pavement marking.
Depending on the direction that lines are marked on the pavement, lines may
be longitudinal, transverse or oblique. Depending on the use and meaning of
such lines, they are either broken lines or solid lines.
A broken line shall consist of line segments with equal lengths separated by
uniform gaps. The speed of vehicles on the section of road or in the area in
question should be taken into account in determining the lengths of the line
strokes and of gaps between them.
A solid unbroken line is used where crossing of the line is either discouraged
or prohibited. It is generally used to replace or supplement a broken line
where required e.g., barrier lines, and center lines. Solid lines may be either
yellow or white depending whether or not crossing the line is legally
prohibited.
The width of solid or broken lines varies from 100mm to 300mm depending
on the usage of the specified line. Transverse lines are usually wider
because of the angle at which the road user sees pavement markings on the
carriageway. Width of line markings shall conform to the following tolerances:
Under 500mm in length +20% or 10%
500mm or over but under 5m in length +10%
5m in length or over +5%
For purposes of this Manual, the following terms are defined in conformity
with the 1968 Vienna Convention of the United Nations on Road Signs and
Signals.
Road Markers means any traffic control device marked on the surface of
the carriageway used to regulate traffic or to warn or guide road users. They
are used either alone or in conjunction with other signs or signals to
emphasize or clarify their meaning. Median islands are not classified as road
markers.
Road means the entire surface of any street open to traffic, including
shoulder and sidewalk.
Carriageway means the part of the road normally used by vehicular traffic.
Lane means one of the longitudinal strips from which the carriageway can
be divided, whether or not defined by longitudinal road markings.
Built-Up Area means an area with entries and exits especially sign posted
as such or otherwise defined in domestic legislation.
Motor Vehicle shall mean any vehicle propelled by any power other than
the muscular power using the public highways, except heavy construction
equipments, trolley cars, street sweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers,
amphibian trucks, and tractors, trailers and traction engines of all kinds used
exclusively for agricultural purposes.
Driver shall mean any and every licensed operator of a motor vehicle.
Road Users shall mean any persons using the road including drivers,
pedestrians, cyclists, and commuters.
11 LONGITUDINAL LINES
- Sub-standard curves;
Examples of center lines on urban roads are shown in Figures 11.1a and
11.1b.
A lane line is used to separate adjacent lanes of traffic moving in the same
direction.
Lane lines on roads with an 85th percentile speed (or speed limit) of 60 kph or
less shall have a minimum width of 150mm and 3m long with 6m gaps.
Lane lines on roads with 85th percentile speed (or speed limit) in excess of 60
kph shall be 150mm wide, 3m long and 9m gaps.
Lane lines are generally broken lines except where lane changing is to be
discouraged (but not prohibited) particularly on approaches to intersections.
Where practical, the standard lane widths shall conform to the following table.
A lane width defined by lane lines may only be reduced to 2.75m in urban
areas.
Double unbroken yellow lines should only be used where overtaking from
both directions of the road and all crossing movements are prohibited.
Vehicles must always keep to the right of the double yellow lines.
Single unbroken yellow line should be used where overtaking from both
directions of the road are prohibited. However, crossing movements are
permitted. Vehicles must always keep to the right of the double yellow lines.
Combinations of an unbroken yellow line and a white separation line have the
same regulatory significance as a double unbroken yellow line for vehicles
proceeding in the direction where the unbroken yellow line appears on the
right of the markings, but vehicles traveling in the other direction are permitted
to cross this line (see Figure 11.3).
The size of the double yellow lines shall be 150mm in width and shall have a
gap space of 100mm -150mm (max).
The legal bases for the establishment of no-passing zones are as follows:
The DPWH is hereby authorized to determine those portions of any
highway where overtaking and passing or driving to the left of the
roadway would be especially hazardous and may, by appropriate signs
or markings on the roadway, indicate the beginning and end of such
zones, and these markings should be clearly visible to an ordinarily
observant person. Every driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions
thereof; and,
Where signs or markings are in place to define a no-passing zone as
set forth in Section 11.3.2 no driver shall at anytime drive on the left
side of the roadway within such no-passing zones or on the left side of
any pavement striping designed to mark such no-passing zones
throughout its length.
Vertical Curves
Start on upgrade side of curve proceeding in direction A as shown in
the sketch;
When Bs target just drops out of As sight, mark the position of A (start
of barrier line in direction A) and the position of B (end of barrier line in
direction B);
When Bs target again comes into As sight, mark the position of A (end
of barrier line in direction A) and the position of B (start of barrier line in
direction B);
When the minimum sight distance is different in each direction the
barrier lines must be marked out separately in each direction; and,
The curve is then spotted out in accordance with standard practice.
Horizontal Curves
Start in advance of the curve on the pavement center line;
When As view of B is obstructed, mark the position of A (the start of
the no passing zone for direction A) and the position of B (the end of
no-passing zone for direction B); and,
When A can again see B, mark the position A (end of no-passing zone
for direction A) and the position of B (the start of no-passing zone for
direction B).
The edge line is used to delineate the edge of the traveled way to distinguish
it from the shoulder area. It should be a solid white line between 100mm and
200mm wide. Studs, or raised pavement markers may be used in conjunction
with edge lines where there are paved shoulders.
On undivided roads and on roads of more than one lane, edge lines may be
used to supplement center or lane lines only on pavements 6.5m or more in
width, unless for special reasons such as poor alignment, fog or similar
conditions. For pavements less than 6.5m, edge lines should be used under
special conditions without lane or centerlines. On divided roads, edge lines
should be used at left-hand edge of each pavement if the median is not
curbed. They may also be used to delineate raised concrete curbs at median
or to define sealed or unsealed shoulders.
3.5m 100mm
Rural
>3.5m 150-200mm
Widths of edge line vary from 100mm to 300mm depending on the available
lane width and the prevailing speeds of the vehicles on the road. In general
the line widths applied should conform to Table 11.3.
11.4.2 Medians
Edge lines at raised medians are 100mm wide and placed with the center of
the line not more than 300mm from edge of the median curbing. The line
should not reduce the adjacent lane width to less than 2.75m in urban areas
and 3.5m in rural highways and expressways.
Transition Lines are used to guide traffic safely past obstructions on roadways
such as islands, median strips, bridge piers or indicate changes in the width
of the traveled portion of the roadway and an increase or reduction in traffic
lanes.
12 TRANSVERSE LINES
Transverse lines are markings across the carriageway. Because of the low
angles at which the markings are viewed, it is necessary that all transverse
lines be proportionally widened to give visibility equal to that of longitudinal
markings or to avoid apparent distortion where longitudinal and transverse
lines are combined in symbols or letterings.
12.1.1 General
Stop lines should be placed across the appropriate portion of the roadway at
positions where vehicles are required to stop in compliance with a stop sign,
traffic signals, or any other legal requirement. A Stop Line is a solid white line
not less than 300mm or more than 450mm wide on urban roads and up to
600mm on rural roads.
Signalized intersections
Line should be placed 1.5m (center to center of line) in front of and parallel to
the nearest pedestrian lane. Where there is no pedestrian crossing lane, the
stop line should be at the desired stopping point, no more than 6m or less
than 1.5m from the prolongation of the curb line of the intersecting road (see
Figure 12.1a).
If a stop line is used in conjunction with the stop sign (P-1), it should generally
be placed in line with the Stop sign. At an intersection or junction, such lines
shall usually be placed in line with the edge of the sidewalk or shoulder. The
exact location of the Stop sign shall depend on the sight distance requirement
of the stopping vehicle (see Figure 12.1b).
The stop line should be placed 3m before the nearest pedestrian crossing line
(see Figure 12.1c).
Railway Crossing
Give Way or holding lines are markings consisting of a two adjacent broken
white lines across the carriageway at which drivers must give way to all traffic
in accordance with the standard sign R1-2 of the Philippines Road Signs and
Pavement Markings Manual (Section A: Road Signs).
The minimum width for holding lines should be 200mm and the maximum
600mm. The distance between the two lines should be at least 300mm. The
gaps between line segments shall be 600mm.
The give way lines may be supplemented by the give way symbol. The
distance between the base of the give way triangle and the nearest give way
line should be between 5-25m depending on the location.
No line is marked across the exit from the roundabout. However, exit
linemarking is installed on multilane roundabouts. It is also essential that
pavement arrows be provided on all multilane approaches to roundabouts to
promote lane discipline for drivers (see Figure 12.4).
13 OTHER LINES
There are two types of parking bays, parallel parking and angle parking. In
parallel parking without bays marked, the parking line is a 100mm wide white
line, 2.5m from and parallel to the curb. Bays, if marked, shall be also
100mm wide white line at minimum bay length of 5.2m. The end bay shall be
5m minimum. For the angle parking, bay width shall be 2.5m minimum and
To ensure that the flow of turning traffic is not impaired, parking near
intersections should be prohibited within the following distances from the
boundaries of lateral roads:
Parallel Parking 5m on both approach and exit sides
Angle Parking 12m on approach side and 9m on exit side.
A parking bay should always be allocated for the disabled at the most
convenient area painted with the disabled sign. Disabled sign shall be white
800mm high and 690mm wide on a blue background.
Figures 13.3a and 13.3b illustrate markings on parking bay and curb parking,
respectively. Figure 13.3c shows the details for people with disability
symbol.
Painted median islands are used on wide roads where light traffic volume
cannot justify the installation of solid curbed median island.
The painted outline of the median shall be at least 100mm wide with a
minimum median width of 2m. No painted median should be installed on
roads less than 10m wide.
The Bus and PUJ lane line is an unbroken yellow line 150-300mm wide used
to separate other vehicles from buses and PUJ's. The Bus and PUJ lane line
can be supplemented by raised pavement markers on concrete pavements.
The line is tapered at the approach to the signalized intersection. The
distance between the taper and the stop line should be determined according
to the capacity of the intersection and should generally be less than 100m
(see Figure 13.4).
The Loading and Unloading Bay Lane Line is an unbroken white line 150mm
wide with a gap of 1000mm used to indicate the proper location of loading
and unloading zone of public utility vehicles preferably with parking restriction.
The Loading and Unloading lane line can be supplemented by road signs
(see Figure 13.5).
The Do Not Block Intersection lines consist of yellow box within the
intersection and yellow diagonals lines forming an X inside the box (see
Figure 13.6). The lines are 200mm wide. These lines shall be complemented
with DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION sign (R5-10). (see section 2.10.8)
14 OTHER MARKINGS
The width of the diagonal bars (at 45o to splayed lines or the direction of
travel) is 500mm and gaps between bars should generally be 4m minimum on
urban roads and 8m on rural roads. The total length of the splayed line
depends on the width of the island or obstruction but should generally be a
taper of 1 in 25 for roads on which the 85th percentile speed is below 60 kph
and 1 to 50 for roads with higher 85th percentile speeds (see Figure 14.1).
Chevron markings are often used to guide traffic into the right turning lanes
separated by an island, such as a corner island at a signalized intersection.
The outline width is generally 100mm (150mm on high speed roads). Bars of
500mm to the outline in the direction of travel and spaced generally at 2-4m
apart in urban roads. The spacing between the bar and the outline shall be
100mm (or 150mm on high speed roads) (see Figure 14.1).
The curb markings for parking restrictions shall be of solid yellow color,
covering the face of the curb. Such markings are usually supplemented by
parking prohibition signs to indicate the extent of the area where parking is
legally prohibited at all times.
Where there are boom gates at the signal controlled crossings, stop bars are
to be marked parallel to the boom gates. These markings are auxiliary to the
standard international sign W7-1 for railroad advance warning and the
crossing signals for gates.
15.1 Messages
The first word of the message is to be nearest the motorist on rural roads. In
urban low speed areas, the order is optional.
STOP
KEEP CLEAR
SCHOOL
PED XING
RAILROAD XING
SIGNAL AHEAD
15.2 Symbols
The first set of arrows should be placed at a distance of 15m from the stop
bar and the subsequent sets should be placed at 30m apart.
15.2.3 Numerals
The only numerals that should be used are those associated with speed limits
at locations to supplement speed limit signs which are continuously
disregarded by drivers or which are obscured and cannot be read easily.
16 OBJECT MARKING
Reflectorized yellow shall be used on curbs of all islands located in the line of
traffic flows especially on curbs directly ahead of traffic at T and offset
intersections.
Other adjacent objects which are not likely to be hit unless a vehicle runs off
the road, such as guardrails, trees and rocks must be painted reflectorized
white.
17.1 General
Raised pavement markers are small devices which are fixed to the concrete
pavement surface to stimulate or supplement painted pavement markings.
Use or installation of raised pavement markers (or studs) on asphalt-paved
roads is subject to the conditions stated in the DPWH Department Order
No.36 dated August 12, 2009 (supersedes Department Order No.57, Series
of 2000). Raised pavement markers may be reflectorized or non-reflectorized,
depending on their use and positions when installed.
Raised pavement markers are generally not obscured at night under wet
conditions and the reflective types are more brilliant than reflectorized paint
markings.
Reflective markers placed at regular intervals in gaps along a line may help to
define the line particularly at night or under foggy or wet conditions.
Markers supplementing center or lane lines may be placed in the gaps mid-
way between the line segments at a spacing of 9m where fog or heavy rain
occurs in the built-up areas. A spacing of 12m shall be used where there is
less likelihood of fog and where there is no street lighting in the rural
environment. Markers used to replace lane lines shall be placed in groups as
shown in Figure 17.1.
No Parking Zone
4.0mm 13mm
20m - 30m
200mm 500mm
50mm 100mm
30m
Aluminum Alloy
500 x 110 x 50mm
With shank no less than 75mm and using
glass reflector or prismatic lenses
embedded in plastic or polycarbonate.
Aluminum Alloy
260 x 100 x 30mm
With shank no less than 75mm and using
glass reflector or prismatic lenses
embedded in plastic or polycarbonate.
80mm
Aluminum Alloy
100 x 100 x 25mm
With shank no less than 50mm and using
glass reflector or prismatic lenses
embedded in plastic or polycarbonate.
List of Tables
Table A.1 : Recommended Dimensions for Border Widths (Signs with Dark Border
and Light Background) .......................................................................... A4
Table A.2 : Recommended Dimensions for Border Widths (Signs with Light Colored
Border on Dark Background) ................................................................ A5
Table A.3 : Border Widths and Corner Radii of Triangular Warning Signs ............... A5
Table A.4 : Recommended Corner Radii ................................................................... A6
Table A.5 : Legibility Distance of Letters .................................................................... A8
Table A.6 : Longitudinal Location of Signs ................................................................. A9
Table A.7 : Grid Module Sizes for Service Signs ..................................................... A13
Table A.8 : Reflective Brightness of Traffic Signs Surfaces .................................... A18
Table A 9 : Reflective Brightness of Traffic Signs Surfaces .................................... A19
Table A.10 : Reflective Brightness of Traffic Signs Surfaces .................................. A20
This Standard Specification forms part of the Philippines Road Signs Manual,
which provides guide for sign design, layout and size requirements. The
objective of this specification is to provide users and manufacture of road
signs with either standard designs or design rules for the shape and graphic
content of signs, together with guidance on materials and manufacturing
quality.
A2 NUMBERING SYSTEM
R - Regulatory signs
W - Warning signs
G - Guide signs
HM - Hazard Markers
A number denoting the series, or group of signs;
One or two numbers identifying the sign in the series, or group; and,
A letter denoting the size of sign where more than one size is used
(e.g., A, B, C or D, where A is the smallest)
A3 GRAPHIC DESIGN
A3.1 General
These signs shall conform to the graphic designs shown in the drawings.
These include all of the regulatory and warning signs, route markers and
hazard markers, as well as standard service sign symbols.
These signs are separately drafted in each case taking account of the
following requirements:
The horizontal spacing between any two words in one line shall be
equal to the recommended spacing between the last letter of the first
word and the first letter of the second word, plus the width of the letter
N;
Where numerals are followed by a quantity unit, e.g., 1km, 300m, 4t,
the unit shall be in the standard lower case letter height nearest to two-
thirds of the numeral height, and the spacing shall be equal to half the
numeral height;
The vertical spacing between lines of words shall not be less than 0.5
times the height of the largest lettering in adjacent lines. For more
clarity required this spacing shall be increased to 0.75 times the height
of the largest lettering in adjacent lines; and,
Spacing between the legend and the edges of a sign should not be
less than the following, wherever practicable.
- top and bottom spaces not less than 40% of adjacent letter
height
N = narrow spacing
M = medium spacing
W = wide spacing
A5 SIGNBOARD SIZE
The size and shape proportions of signs in this specification with preset
graphics have been selected to achieve economic cut of standard size of
materials. The made to measure design should follow the same principle.
Shortest Dimension
Dark Border Light Outer Edge Strip
of the Sign board
< 200 10 5
200 - 400 16 8
401 - 750 20 10
751 - 1200 30 15
> 1200 50 25
Units in millimeter (mm)
Table A.3: Border Widths and Corner Radii of Triangular Warning Signs
Shortest Dimension
Corner Radii
of Signboard
< 200 10 or 25
200 to 400 25 or 50
401 to 900 50 or 100
901 to 1,500 100 or 200
1,501 to 2,000 200 or 300
> 2000 300 minimum
The recommended radii in the table do not apply to corners on signs which
are other than 90 degrees. Recommended radii for Triangular Warning signs
are shown in Table A.3.
Letters used on traffic signs comprises six series of capital letters and
numerals ranging from the narrowest Series A to widest Series F, plus one
series of lower case letters, together with a modified Series E which is used
as initial capital for lower case words.
The procedure for determining the legibility distance required of a traffic sign
can be represented diagrammatically as shown in the following figure. This
arrangement assumes that the driver does not start to read the information on
the sign until sometime after the letters first become legible. This is generally
considered to be at a distance equivalent of 2/3 of the legibility distance from
the sign.
S
A
Distance traveled
Distance traveled while observing or
S Cot A reading the legend scanning sign
The legibility distances for letters of standard sign alphabets detailed in this
manual have been determined for the average observer with normal vision as
shown in the following table.
C 50
D 60
E 70
F 75
Mod E (and Lower Case) 75
Sign Location
Legibility D - Location
Distance Distance
D (m)
Environment B (m)
Warning Sign A Direction Sign
Rural:
V85: <60 kph 75 - 100 100
50
V85: <75 kph 80 120 150
60
V85: 75 90 kph 120 180 200
70
V85: > 90 kph 180 250 250
Urban
Business and Residential 30 100 100 30
Districts
Arterial Roads As per Rural
th
V85th = 85 percentile approach speed measured 1.5 to 2 D in advance of hazard
D = Distance of sign to hazard or intersection (or nearest sign to hazard where there
are more than one sign)
B = minimum distance between successive signs having different messages
H = 0.14NV + 11.4S
This is the initial capital letter height and the lower case letters are always
75% of the height of the initial capital letter.
Series C 50%
Series D 25%
Series E 7%
For signs in urban areas, increase H (after calculation) by 25%; and,
For overhead signs, S used in formula should be vertical offset of
center of sign from drivers height multiplied by 2.
The letter size required on signs is the nearest standard letter size to that
obtained from the above calculation.
Where an overhead sign is at the side of the road and more than 3m from the
edge of the pavement, it may be necessary to calculate the equivalent lateral
distance S el from the equation:
where:
This calculation will ensure the readability of the signs designed, particularly
when signs are located at a substantial lateral distance from the road way. It
is not always essential that all words on the sign be of the required size, but
at least the first line or the most important words should meet the
requirement, with other words appropriately smaller (generally no more than
one legend size).
All lower cases are 0.75 of the size for the capital sizes.
AA size legend is used in exceptional low speed urban areas for lane
designation signs and signs on local roads where restriction on overall sign
sizes is applied.
The minimum sizes for Advance Direction Signs in metropolitan areas are B
sizes.
Size A is generally the minimum size used for intersection directional signing.
Size B is used for Reassurance Signs where speeds are less than 80 kph.
Size C is used for all overhead mounted Directional signs and for high speed
approach roads to expressways.
Sizes D and E are used for Directional signs on Freeways and Expressways.
Size C is used for Reassurance Signs on Expressways and Freeways.
A8.1 Scope
This chapter sets out a method of determining the size and layout of symbolic
service signs in G7 and GE5 series.
The location and size of the symbols within each rectangle is designed so that
signs having various arrays of symbols may be made up by allowing a
clearance of one grid module minimum between adjacent rectangles,
between rows of rectangles and between rectangles and other legends,
borders etc on the sign.
The grid module sizes for manufacturing the G7 and GE5 signs are shown in
the following table.
- one grid module, plus the border and edge strip if X2 governs or
- 0.6 times the letter height plus width of border and edge strip, if
legend line X3 governs width.
The vertical distance between rows of symbols is one grid module.
The horizontal separation between symbols is always one grid module
regardless of whether the row of symbols governs the width of the sign;
and,
If the overall signboard is to be a size convenient for manufacturing,
the clearances between symbols and the inside borders may be
*Clearance of one grid module applies at these locations. The clearance between symbols
and the inside of borders may be adjusted as indicated in Section A8.3.1.
Metal Signs
Timber Signs
Any materials used for the sign face, and not otherwise described in this
specification, shall be in accordance with the approved standard
specifications as described in the following subsections:
The reflective sheeting shall have high reflectivity normal to vehicle headlight
dependent on the angle of incidence. The reflective material shall be sharp,
no glare, and directed towards the light source of approved angle of
incidence.
The reflective sheeting shall perform effectively for a minimum of seven (7)
years from date of fabrication.
The reflective sheeting must retain at least 70% (Type 1) and 50% (Type 2) of
its original brightness for regular and fluorescent sheeting respectively at the
end of seven years. All signs used for road projects should be warranted by
the sheeting manufacturer for above-stated performance.
Signs must be dated at the time of installation in order to initiate the 7-year
performance warranty. A sign-dating sticker that indicates the manufacturers
name, material type/brand name with the month and year of installation
should be placed at the back of the sign face.
Type II material is to be used as minimum standard for all other types of signs
not qualified for use under Type I. The reflective sheeting shall consist of
non-metalized micro-prismatic lens in an interlocking diamond pattern
encapsulated by a flexible transparent plastic film that has a smooth outer
surface. The sheeting shall have a pre-coated adhesive protected by an
easily removable liner. The adhesive shall be a pressuresensitive adhesive
of the aggressive tack type requiring no heat, solvent, or other preparation for
adhesion to surfaces. The minimum reflective brightness of the reflective
sheeting shall be as described in the following table.
-4o Entrance
2
Angle
Observation
1
Angle
o o
0.2 0.5
White 560 200
Yellow 420 150
Red 84 30
Orange 210 75
Green 56 20
Blue 28 10
Brown 17 6
o 2
30 Entrance Angle
o o
0.2 0.5
White 280 100
Yellow 210 75
Red 42 15
Orange 105 37
Green 28 10
Blue 14 5
Brown 8.4 3
Posts required for the erection of signs shall be made of galvanized steel
pipes not less than 48.8mm (outside diameter) x 3.25mm thick, or other
sections of equivalent strength. Aluminum alloy may be used. Plastics may
be considered, provided they have been suitably evaluated.
Wide flange posts and frames shall be fabricated from structural steel
conforming to ASTM A 283 Grade D. In lieu of wide flange steel posts, the
Contractor may use tubular steel posts conforming to ASTM A 501. All posts
shall be thoroughly cleaned, free from grease, scale and rusts and shall be
given one coat of rust-inhibiting priming paint and two coats of gray paint in
accordance with Item 411, Paint DPWH Standard Specification.
Attachments shall provide for the positive and robust connection of signs to
their mounting posts. Consideration shall be given to distributing attachment
loads, e.g., by the provision of suitably shaped saddles and clamps or
brackets for a round post.
For larger signs, the design of the sign support system as a whole shall take
into account possible wind loadings and the criteria specified in appropriate
Philippine code for structural designs.
300
500 3440
150 mm STD.
STEEL PIPE
438
1.75
875
438
3310 430
5.50 METERS
300 mm STD.
STEEL PIPE
438
1.75
875
438
300 mm STD.
STEEL PIPE
400
All materials used for signs and sign supports shall be either resistant to, or
protected against deterioration under exposed paint system.
Timber signs shall be sealed at the edges. The timber shall then be properly
printed and painted for protection against weather.
White retro-reflective
letters and border on
red retro-reflective
background
R1-2
R1-3
For design of a 370mm dia disc, the corresponding dimensions are reduced by approximately
38% (i.e., 62% of the dimensions illustrated).
R2-6P Note:
Use appropriate designs
for 370mm discs
R3 Prohibition Symbol
Note: This prohibitive symbol does not apply to signs R3-13 (No Right Turn), R3-14 (No Left
Turn) and R-15 (No U turn). See separate design for these signs.
R3-15
R3-15P
R4-1(60)
Size in mm
Letter
Disc Ring
(3 numerals)
450 200DN 37.5
240DN
600 50
(240 CN*)
400 DN
900 70
(320 DN*)
*For Speed > 100kph use medium spacing
R4-2
Size (mm)
A B
Disc 450 600
Letter 280E 360E
b 85 120
c 112 149
X 40 50
Y 20 25
R5-1P R5-2P
150
Detail of Arrow
22.5
50 20
70
250
R5-3C
750
R5-9a
R5-9c
R6-1
R6-3
R6-5
R6-7
R6-9
R6-11
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 60
b 200 240
c 100 120
d 56 70
z 50 62
W1-2
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 100 120
b 250 310
c 175 220
d 56 70
z 50 62
W1-3
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 70 88
a1 50 62
b 225 280
c 100 125
c1 120 150
d 56 70
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 75 94
b 300 375
c 200 250
d 50 62
z 50 62
W1-5
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 62
b 350 437
c 153 190
d 50 62
z 50 62
W1-6
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 90 112
b 250 312
c 180 225
d 50 62
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 25 31
b 250 312
c 125 156
d 75 94
z 50 60
W2-2
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 25 31
b 350 438
c 80 100
c1 100 125
d 50 62
z 50 62
W2-3
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 62
b 275 344
c 100 125
d 50 62
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 25 31
b 200 250
c 100 125
d 75 94
z 50 62
W2-5
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 25 31
b 250 312
c 200 250
d 50 62
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 62
b 300 375
c 150 188
d 50 62
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 25 31
a1 125 156
b 250 312
c 250 312
d 60 75
z 50 62
W2-8
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 62
b 120 150
c 100 125
d 100 125
z 50 62
W2-9
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 62
b 120 150
c 100 125
d 100 125
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 62
b 120 150
c 100 125
d 100 125
z 50 62
W3-1
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 50 62
b 120 150
c 100 125
d 100 125
z 50 62
W3-2
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 300 375
b 250 312
c 180 225
d 75 94
z 50 60
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 200 250
b 250 312
c 120 150
d 75 94
z 50 62
W4-2
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 190 234
b 250 312
c 120 150
d 75 94
z 50 60
W4-3
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 190 234
b 250 312
c 120 150
d 75 94
z 50 60
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 190 234
b 250 312
c 120 150
d 75 94
z 50 60
W5-1
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a - -
b 200 250
c - -
d 50 62
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 350 438
b 100 125
c - -
d 75 94
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 175 219
b 150 188
c - -
d 75 94
z 50 62
W5-8
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a - -
b 250 312
c - -
d 50 62
z 50 62
W5-9
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 100 125
b - -
c - -
d 50 62
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
b 200 250
C1 150 188
C2 120 150
d 50 62
z 50 62
W5-11
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 100 125
b 220 275
c 220 275
d 50 62
z 50 62
W7-2
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 125 156
b 250 312
c 270 338
d 60 75
z 50 62
X 600 750
Y 520 650
a 150 188
b 260 325
c 220 275
d 75 94
z 50 62
W7-4
RO
R
AO A
369
DD
369
45
45
W6-4
W8-2
W8-3
W8-5
W8-7
R 50
W8-8
W8-9
W8-11A
FOR PUJ S
W8-11B
FOR BUSES
W9-1B
800
80 70
70
35
120 CM
60
L A NE ENDS
120 CM
60
MERGE L EFT 600
100
70 35
450
950
W9-5
1100
35 35
70
120
DM
60
S L OW DOWN
620
120
DM
60
WEIGH B RIDGE
120
DM
70
A H EA D
930
90 80
950
80 70
150
160
ModE M on u m en t o 250 510
110
30
160
220
M a n ila 160 ModE
160
30
105
160
ModE P a t eros 220 480
105
R 200
180 250 130 825 (715)* 50
*200 minimum
155 134
160 ModE
B a t a a n 203 470
155 134
141
17
250
120
180
S OU T H S U P ER H WY 120DM
100
160
220
P a sa y C it y ModE
1060
100
160
ModE A la ba n g 220
180
100
(2400)
G1-4
550 1600 550
120
160 Mod E
Qu ez on C it y 520
140
1200
200
300 520
120
2700
50
150
160 Mod E
P ort
1750
772
A rea 160 Mod E
80
130 370
White retro-reflective letters, symbol and border on standard green retro-reflective background
R75 200
40 R 75
155
235
160
ModE
M a n ila 235
155
40
200 (815) 110 420
150
120
320
White retro-reflective letters, chevron and border on standard
green retro-reflective ground 160
130
50
200 (815) 180 130 260 220 160
1790
170 (1020) 160 310 130 40
40
170
160
Mod
E
80
A n g eles 7 0 740
160
Mod
E B a g u io 15 6
170
40
170 (830) (440) 130 40
G3-2
120
180
S OU T H S U P E R H WY 120DM
120
160
ModE
120
S a n P a blo 10 1000
160
ModE S a n J ose 9 0
120
140
1240
120
1320 720
2160
200 120 DN
L EGA S P I C IT Y 16
P A GS A N J A N F A L L S
40
100 (600) 80 (350) 80 (130) 80 146 78
(1644)
G4-2
40
200 120 DN
L IP A C IT Y
40 100 (750) 80 146 78
(1104)
G4-3
40
200 120 DN
P A GS A N J A N F A L L S P A GS A N J A N F A L L S
40 100 80 146
(1550) 78
(1950)
60 80
White retro-reflective letters and chevron on brown background
160
80
61
50
B ON IF A C IO D R 100 DN
50
200
G5-2B
40 DM
40
CITY OF M A N IL A 90
100
60 DN
B ON IF A CIO DR DN
50
380
1 - 350 60
40
c d 50 120 c
G5-3
40
80 CM
40
KA L A Y A A N A V E 280
80 CM
40
GUI L L ERMO A V E
Varying length 50 160 50
G7-5
1900
85 140
120 DN GREEN H IL L S
90 240 500
120 DN S H OP P IN G CEN T ER
85 120
860
98
140
203 400
120 DM
F O R T S A N T I A GO
140 98
1870
G8-2
25
50
110
140 DM
110
TA A L LA KE 360
50
100 1050 320 190
1660
50
140
N A T ION A L M U S EU M 140 DM
100
900
T U R N R I GH T 140 DM
100
300 m 140 DM
140
50
500 (1140) 500
G8-4
140 (1620) 140
50
140
ON R I GH T 140 DM
140
50
500 900 500
15
G9-2 G9-3
G9-4 G9-5
G9-6 G9-7
90
100 EM
60
TOL L 450
100 EM
CH A RGES
100
50
170 80
P eso Mod E
50
80 DN 80
M OT OR CY CL ES 2 0 Mod E
50 50
1500
80
80 DN
C A RS A N D V A N S 8 0 Mod E
50
90
80 DN
With 40
80
C A RS Trailer 10 0 Mod E
1050
150 150
Under
80
80 DN
OT H ER 2t 2 0 0 Mod E
80 CN
VEHICLES 2 t and 120
80
150 over 3 0 0 Mod E
80
80 95 50 Arial 230 80
240
280
350
690
770
260
M a ka t i
320
Mod E
240 1540
460
260
2320
170
R 25
40
460
250
130
720
Detail of Arrow
60 290 290 60
2020
260
320 Mod E
220
A la ba n g
1700
240 Mod E
E X IT 1 km
160
240 Mod E
R IGH T LA N E
260
GE3-3
2720
60 2020 60
290 290
260
320 Mod E
260
A la ba n g 1340
240 Mod E
N E X T E X IT
260
240
100
640* 15
140
400
260
Mod E
S a n F ern a n do
3480
400
Mod E O lon g a po
260
320
EM E X IT 1 k m
160
320 100
EM R IGH T LA N E
340
2600
300 160
1046 558
95
2890
2880
GE4-2
White retro-reflective letters, arrow numerals and border on standard green retro-reflective
background
100
200
220
600
15 km 240 Mod E
1380
320
120
240 DM
R I GH T L A N E
220
100
White retro-reflective letters, symbol, numerals and border on blue retro-reflective background
GE5-3
200
240 DM
160
REST
A REA
240 DM 1600
140
420
200
410
1300
White retro-reflective letters, symbol, numerals and border on blue retro-reflective background
260
600
1520
120
240 Mod E
2 km
260
2300
White retro-reflective letters, symbol, numerals and border on blue retro-reflective background
760
60 60
240
60
240
Mod E
150
E N D
240 1500
Mod E
150
EX P RW A Y
240
Mod E 1 km
240 60
840
180 170
1950
GE6-3
900
R 50
24
95
450 EN D 100 EM
60
EX PRWA Y 100 EM
95
70 70
760
50 50
240
50
240 EM
150
TOL L PLA Z A
240
EW
150
A H EA D 1500
240
Mod E 2 km 50
240
GE7-2
2100
450 1220 450
280
50
320
EM
STOP
240
320
EM
240
A T
2560
320
EM
240
TOL L
320
EM
GA T ES
280
450 450
1200 50
250 1600 250
240 50
240
Mod E
120
W R ON G
240
W A Y
1550
32
Mod E
30
230
240
Mod E
GO B A C K 50
240
240 240
1820
2300
GE8-2
2600
250 250
2100
50
200
R E D U C E
320
Mod E
160
320 1680
S P E E D
32
Mod E
160
320
Mod E
200
N OW 50
LEFT
R 12.5
72.5
1070
Detail of Arrow
2550
2060
245 245
585 1380 585
60
280
S L OW
320 EW
240
320 EW
240
V EH ICL ES
320 EW
240
U S E 3270
320 EW
240
RIGH T
320 EW
L A N E 60
280
S2-2
S2-9
S2-11
HM 1A and HM 1B (illustrated)
HM 2
200
200
400
150 150
HM 4A
2000
400
HM 4B
1200
400
HM 6 (L and R)
B K
Barrier lines, 116, 118 Keep Intersection Open, 111, 127, 157
bike lane, 35, 52
L
C lane line, 115, 127, 128, 134
center line, 16, 114, 115, 119, 120, 124 Longitudinal lines, 109
Chevron markings, 128
climbing lanes, 120 M
Continuity Line, 122
crosswalk, 124 medium spacing, 6
curb markings, 109, 129
N
D
narrow spacing, 6
Delineators, 3, 106, 109 NO ENTRY, 21, 22
Diagonal Markings, 128 No Loading / Unloading Zones, 121
Diagrammatic, 66, 67 No Parking, 28, 31, 121, 144
No-Passing Zones, 117
E
O
edge line, 120, 121
overhead signs, 9, 10, 61, 64, 68
F
P
FLOOD, 49, 55
Painted median, 127
parallel parking, 126
G Pavement Markings, 1, 13, 107, 108, 110, 124, 137
G1, 42, 59, 66, 67, 68 Pilipino, 7, 17, 23, 28
G2, 7, 59, 70 Pre-cut sheeting, 110
G3-1, 59, 72
G3-2, 59, 72 R
G4, 59, 73, 74
G5, 59, 75, 76 R1-1, 15, 41
G6, 59, 77 R1-2, 16, 41, 124
G7, 58, 59, 78 R1-2P, 17
G8, 59, 80 R1-3, 17
G9, 59, 81 R2-1 to R2-7, 18
GE1, 83 R2-8, 20
GE2, 59, 84, 85 R3-1, 21
GE3, 86 R3-10P1, 22, 23
GE4, 87 R3-10P2, 22
GE5, 88, 89 R3-10P3, 23
GE6, 90, 93 R3-13, 23, 56
GE7, 91 R3-14, 23
GE8, 90, 91, 92, 93 R3-15, 23, 56
Give Way, 16, 17, 44, 99, 109, 123, 124, 130, 147 R3-16, 24
GIVE WAY, 5, 13, 15, 17, 41, 43, 44, 53, 99 R3-1P, 21
glass beads, 110 R3-2 to R3-12, 21
Guide Posts, 104, 105 R4-1, 26, 92
R4-12P, 26
W
Z
W1-1, 39, 40
W1-2, 40 zebra, 12
W1-3, 40
W1-4, 40
W1-5, 40
W1-6, 40
W2-1, 42
W2-10, 43
W2-2, 42