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Accounting For Branch Operations Beams ch10 PDF
Accounting For Branch Operations Beams ch10 PDF
C hapters 1 through 11 of this book discuss accounting and reporting procedures for
consolidating the separate operations of parent companies and their subsidiaries.
The objective of consolidation is to report the financial position and results of operations of
separate legal entities as if there were only one economic entity. By contrast, branches are
identifiable locations within a business entity that maintain separate accounting records.
Branches are separate accounting entities, but they are not separate legal entities, and their
financial statements are used only for internal reporting purposes. Financial statements for
the business entity are prepared by combining the financial statements of the branches with
those of the central reporting unit of the business.
This supplement distinguishes between sales agency and branch operations, describes
accounting procedures for branch operations, and illustrates procedures for combining
home office and branch financial statements in the preparation of financial statements for
the business entity as a whole.
2 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Journal entries for an expanded agency recordkeeping system follow. The entries identify plant
assets of the Newport sales agency separately. They also show sales, cost of sales, and expense
information on an agency basis.
The entries illustrated are examples of how an accounting system can provide separate informa-
tion for agency operations. Accumulation of such information is both practical and inexpensive
even when an enterprise has a large number of sales agency operations.
Branch Books
Cash (+A) 5,000
Equipment (+A) 10,000
Home office (+SE) 15,000
To record receipt of cash and equipment from home office.
The branch account on the home office books is an asset account representing the investment of
the home office in branch net assets. The home office account on the branch books is an equity
account that represents the equity of the home office in branch net assets. Thus, the branch and
home office accounts are reciprocal, each representing the net assets of the branch. This reciprocal
relationship between home office and branch accounts is a continuous relationship. Whenever the
home office increases (debits) its branch account, the branch should increase (credit) its home
office account. Similarly, any decrease (debit) in the home office account on the branch books
should be accompanied by a decrease (credit) in the branch account on the home office books. The
only reasons that differences between home office and branch accounts occur are time lags in
recording information on the two sets of books and errors.
A second type of transaction between home office and branches is for merchandise transfers.
Typically, branches sell merchandise that is manufactured or purchased through home office oper-
ations. A branch manager may or may not have authority to purchase from outside suppliers. If
Expando Corporation ships merchandise to the Splinter branch at its $8,000 home office cost, the
two entities make the following journal entries:
Home Office Books
Splinter branch (+A) 8,000
Shipments to Splinter branch (E, +SE) 8,000
To record shipments at cost to Splinter branch.
(Continued)
4 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Branch Books
Shipments from home office (E, SE) 8,000
Home office (+SE) 8,000
To record shipments received from home office.
Two additional reciprocal accounts result from recording the merchandise transfer from home
office to branch. The home offices shipments to branch account is a contra purchases account on
the home office books, and the shipments from home office account on the branch books is essen-
tially a branch purchases or an inventory account. These accounts determine the separate cost
of sales for home office and branch operations, but, because they are reciprocal, we eliminate them
in preparing combined financial statements for the enterprise.
3 Bee branch (+A) 16,000 Shipments from home office (E, SE) 16,000
Shipments to Bee 16,000 Home office (+SE) 16,000
branch (E, +SE)
To transfer merchandise to Bee Receipt of merchandise from
branch at cost. home office.
6 Shipments to Bee branch (E, SE) 1,000 Home office (SE) 1,000
Bee branch (A) 1,000 Shipments from home office (E, +SE) 1,000
Merchandise returned from Bee Merchandise returned to home
branch. office.
9 Adjusting Entries
Salaries expense (E, SE) 1,000
Salaries payable (+L) 1,000
Accrued salaries.
Depreciation expense
equipment (E, SE) 2,000
Accumulated depreciation
equipment (A) 2,000
Depreciation expense
$10,000 5 years.
6 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
EXHIBIT 10-2 Combining Working PapersTrial Balance Approach
JIFFY-STOP CORPORATION
HOME OFFICE AND BRANCH WORKING PAPERS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
(IN THOUSANDS)
Home Bee Adjustments and Income Retained Balance
Office Branch Eliminations Statement Earnings Sheet
Debits
Cash $ 41 $ 9 $ 50
Accounts receivable 60 60
Inventoriesending 80 6 86
Land 20 20
Equipmentnet 52 8 60
Bee branch 22 a 2
b 20
Depreciation expense
buildings 5 (5)
Depreciation expense
equipment 8 2 (10)
Dividends 10 $ (10)
Credits
Accounts payable $ 50 $ 50
Salaries payable 4 $ 1 5
Home office 20 b 20
$595 $51
Net income $ 21 21
$376
Income Statement
Sales $229 $30 $259
Net income $ 21 $ 2 $ 21
Net income 21 2 21
Balance Sheet
Cash $ 41 $ 9 $ 50
Accounts receivablenet 60 60
Inventory 80 6 86
Land 20 20
Equipmentnet 52 8 60
Bee branch 22 a 2
b 20
Accounts payable $ 50 $ 50
Salaries payable 4 $ 1 5
Home office 22
8 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
We include data for home office purchases and inventories in the cost of sales computations
without prior explanation.
WORKING PAPERS Home office and branch accounting records may be combined using either the
trial balance or the financial statement working paper format. Exhibits 10-2 and 10-3 illustrate
these approaches for the Jiffy-Shop Corporation. We include data for the home office in the work-
ing papers to complete the illustrations.
Adjusted trial balances for Jiffy-Stops home office and its Bee branch are shown in the first two
columns of the trial balance working papers in Exhibit 10-2. The working paper procedures are
comparable to those for the trial balance working papers used in preparing consolidated financial
statements. Only two working paper entries are needed: one to establish reciprocity between the
branch and home office accounts by eliminating the Bee branch profit and reducing the branch
account to its preadjusted balance, and a second entry to eliminate reciprocal home office and
branch account balances. These entries are similar to consolidation working paper entries to elimi-
nate income from subsidiaries against the parent companys investment in subsidiary account and,
subsequently, to eliminate reciprocal investment and equity balances.
The same working paper entries are used in combining the home office and branch accounts in
Exhibit 10-3 when the financial statement format is used. Under the financial statement format,
however, the absence of a retained earnings account in the ledger of the branch necessitates a
change in the retained earnings section of the working papers. The equity account of a branch is its
home office account, so the branch column of the working papers shows changes in the home
office account from current operations. Observe that working paper entry a of Exhibit 10-3 returns
the Bee branch account on the home office books to its $20,000 preadjusted balance to establish
reciprocity with the $20,000 preclosing balance of the home office account. Subsequently, entry b
eliminates these reciprocal balances. Other aspects of the home office and branch working papers
are the same as those for working papers of parent and subsidiary operations. Normally, only the
combined financial statements that reflect the financial position and results of operations for the
entity as a whole are used for external reporting purposes.
If the Tampa branch has $12,000 inventory at transfer prices on December 31, 2003, it reports
income for the period of $22,000 (sales of $160,000, less cost of sales of $108,000 and other
expenses of $30,000). The branch closing entry for the period is:
The home office uses this information to record branch profit for the period:
The home office also adjusts its loading account to reflect the $2,000 unrealized profit in branch
ending inventory [$12,000 ($12,000 120%)]:
After posting this entry, the loading account will have a $2,000 balance equal to the $2,000
unrealized profit in the Tampa branch ending inventory, and the Tampa branch profit account will
show a balance of $40,000. This $40,000 is the income of the branch on a cost basis, an amount
subject to independent confirmation as follows:
10 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Sales $160,000
Shipments to branch (at cost) $100,000
Less: Inventory (at cost) 10,000 90,000
Gross profit 70,000
Other expenses 30,000
Branch income $ 40,000
When we add the $40,000 branch profit to separate home office income for the period, the total
equals combined net income for the enterprise. Although year-end entries for subsequent years are
substantially the same as those illustrated, there will be a difference because the branch will have a
beginning inventory stated at transfer prices, and the home office will have a beginning balance in
its loading account equal to the unrealized profit in the branch beginning inventory. An example of
branch accounting for Dasher Corporation at the end of this supplement illustrates accounting pro-
cedures for unrealized profits in both beginning and ending branch inventories.
With this entry, the home office and branch shipment accounts have equal balances, but two year-
end adjusting entries are needed:
The first entry adjusts the shipments to branch and loading in branch inventory accounts to create
balances of $100,000 and $20,000, respectively. The second entry to adjust branch profit for the
loading factor is the same as the one shown earlier.
Branch Books
Shipments from home office (E, SE) 12,500
Freight-in on home office shipments (E, SE) 500
Home office (+SE) 13,000
To record receipt of merchandise from home office.
If half the merchandise remains unsold at year end, the branch reports cost of branch sales at
$6,500, and prices the branch inventory at its $6,250 home office cost, plus $250 freight-in. Branch
inventory and cost of goods sold are reported in the same amount if the branch pays the transporta-
tion costs, but the freight transaction is not recorded on the home office books.
Merchandise cost should not include excessive freight charges from the transfer of merchan-
dise between a home office and its branches or between branch locations. If the branch returns
half the merchandise received from the home office because it is defective or because of a
shortage of inventory at the home office location, the home office cost of the merchandise
should not include the freight charges to or from the branch. Assuming that the branch pays
$250 to return half the merchandise to the home office, the branch and home office entries are
as follows:
Branch Books
Home office (SE) 6,750
Shipments from home office (E, +SE) 6,250
Freight-in on home office shipments (E, +SE) 250
Cash (A) 250
To record return of merchandise to the home office.
The home office charges total freight charges on the merchandise to its loss on excessive
freight charges account because the freight charges represent management mistakes or inefficien-
cies. Therefore, they are not considered normal operating or freight expenses.
A second example of excessive freight charges involves shipments between branches. Assume
that the home office of Maxwell Industries ships merchandise at its $50,000 cost from Chicago
to its St. Louis branch and pays $2,000 freight charges on the merchandise. A few days later, the
Omaha branch experiences a merchandise shortage and transfers the merchandise from St. Louis to
Omaha at a $1,200 cost paid by the St. Louis branch. The cost of shipping the merchandise from
Chicago to Omaha would have been $1,800. Exhibit 10-4 shows the entries to record the initial
shipment to the St. Louis branch and the subsequent transfer to the Omaha branch.
In addition to adjusting shipment accounts and home office and branch accounts, the freight
accounts must be adjusted. Total freight charges incurred were $3,200 ($2,000 + $1,200), but the
cost of shipping merchandise from the home office directly to the Omaha branch would have been
$1,800. Only $1,800 is recorded as an inventoriable cost on the books of the Omaha branch. The
duplicate shipments are assumed to have resulted from home office management errors, so the
$1,400 excessive freight is recorded as a home office loss. This accounting treatment is consistent
12 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
EXHIBIT 10-4 ENTRIES TO RECORD SHIPMENT TO ST. LOUIS BRANCH
Maxwell Industries
Home Office Books
E x c e s s i v e F re i g h t
St. Louis branch (+A) 52,000
Charges
Shipments to St. Louis branch (E, +SE) 50,000
Cash (A) 2,000
To record shipment to St. Louis branch.
with the accounting principle that inventory costs include only those costs necessary to get mer-
chandise ready for final sale to customers.
Pension and general home office expenses of $50,000 and $120,000, respectively, that are
incurred by the home office and allocated 25% each to the Denver and Cheyenne branches would
be recorded as follows:
Home Office Books
Denver branch (+A) 42,500
Cheyenne branch (+A) 42,500
Pension expense (E, +SE) 25,000
General expenses (E, +SE) 60,000
To allocate pension and general expenses to branch operations.
These examples illustrate the basic approach to expense allocations among home office and
branch operations. Other expense items are allocated in similar fashion.
14 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
3. The home office shipped merchandise costing $20,000 to its Rochester branch on
December 28, 2003, at a transfer price of $25,000. The merchandise was not received
by the Rochester branch until January 8, 2004.
4. Advertising expenses of $8,500 were allocated by the home office to the Rochester
branch. The expenses were recorded at $5,800 by the branch.
The following entry is made on the home office books to reflect cash in transit at December
31, 2003:
Cash in transit (+A) 12,000
Rochester branch (A) 12,000
To record cash in transit on December 31, 2003.
Although it is convenient to use the title cash in transit to ensure proper recording of the
actual cash receipt, the cash is not in transit from the viewpoint of the combined entity, and it
must be reported as cash and not cash in transit in the combined financial statements of the
enterprise.
Correcting entries on the books of the Rochester branch to reflect the items in the reconciliation
are as follows:
Shipments from home officein transit (E, SE) 25,000
Home office (+SE) 25,000
To record merchandise in transit from the home office.
After updating the accounts to reflect these correcting entries, the home office and branch
accounts have reciprocal balances.
Assets
Cash $ 25,000 $11,000
Accounts receivablenet 42,000 23,000
Inventory 20,000 16,000
Plant assetsnet 70,000
Dot branch 43,000
Total assets $200,000 $50,000
Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $ 14,000 $ 5,000
Other liabilities 10,000 2,000
Loadingbranch inventory 1,600
Home office 43,000
Capital stock 150,000
Retained earnings 24,400
Total liabilities and equity $200,000 $50,000
Dot branch (+A) 50,000 Shipments from home office (E, SE) 50,000
Shipments to Dot branch (E, +SE) 40,000 Home office (+SE) 50,000
Loadingbranch inventory (A) 10,000 To record receipt of merchandise
To transfer merchandise to Dot from home office.
branch at 125% of cost.
6 Operating expenses (E, SE) 20,000 Operating expenses (E, SE) 2,000
Cash (A) 20,000 Cash (A) 2,000
To record payment of expenses. To record payment of expenses.
The home office maintains all plant asset records for Dashers home office and Dot branch on
its books. Half of the $16,000 branch inventory at December 31, 2003, was received from local
suppliers, and the remaining $8,000 was received from the home office at established transfer
prices. Exhibit 10-6 presents a summary of the transactions of Dashers home office and Dot
branch for 2004 and journal entries to record the transactions.
1. Dashers sales for 2004 were $281,750, of which $200,000 were home office sales
and $81,750 were sales made by the Dot branch. All sales were on account.
2. Home office and branch purchases on account for 2004 were $205,000 and $20,000,
respectively. The home office shipped $40,000 of merchandise to the Dot branch at
a transfer price of $50,000.
16 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
3. The home office collected $195,000 on account during 2004, and the Dot branch
collected $79,750.
4. The Dot branch transferred $55,000 cash to the home office during 2004.
5. Payments on account were home office, $210,000; Dot branch, $21,000.
6. During 2004, the home office paid operating expenses of $20,000, and the Dot
branch paid operating expenses of $2,000. Of the operating expenses paid by the
home office, $1,000 was allocated to the Dot branch.
7. Total depreciation for the year was $8,000, of which $1,500 was allocated to branch
operations.
Year-end inventories are $25,000 for the home office and $10,000 for the Dot branch, with half
of the branch inventory consisting of merchandise acquired from the home office. Thus, total
inventories for Dasher corporation on a cost basis are $34,000, computed as follows:
Home office inventory $25,000
Branch inventory acquired through purchases 5,000
Branch inventory transferred from home office: $5,000 1.25 4,000
Total inventories $34,000
Separate cost of sales calculations for inclusion in the combined working papers for the home
office and the Dot branch are as follows:
Trial balances prepared at December 31, 2004, after the transactions summarized in Exhibit
10-6 were recorded, and inventory items grouped into cost of sales categories are shown in the first
two columns of Exhibit 10-7. These trial balances were taken before the home office recorded
income from the Dot branch for the year, so the home office and branch accounts have reciprocal
balances.
The working paper entries needed to combine the accounts of the home office and branch in
general journal form follow:
The home office and branch working papers in Exhibit 10-7 do not contain a retained earnings
column. Dashers net income for the period is the only item affecting the ending retained earnings
Debits
Cash $ 45 $ 12.75 $ 57.75
Accounts receivablenet 47 25 72
Inventories 25 10 c 1 34
Plant assetsnet 62 62
a 1.6
Cost of sales 160 76 c 1 b 10 $(225.4)
Credits
Accounts payable $ 9 $ 4 $ 13
Other liabilities 10 2 12
$405 $128.25
$225.75
balance, so it is convenient to omit the separate retained earnings column and to carry net income
for the period directly to the balance sheet column.
Adjusting and closing entries for the Dot branch and home office are as follows:
18 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Home Office Adjusting and Closing Entries
Dot branch (+A) 1,250
Dot branch profit (R, +SE) 1,250
Loading in branch inventory (E, SE) 10,600
Dot branch profit (R, +SE) 10,600
Unrealized profit per books of $11,600, less $1,000
unrealized profit in branch ending
inventory = $10,600 adjustment.
The $1,250 income reported by the branch does not include any margin on goods received from
the home office. This element of branch profit is recorded by the home office when it adjusts its
loading account at year end. Branch income for the year on a cost basis to the business entity is
$11,850, an amount that appears in the separate home office income statement for 2004.
Comparative balance sheets and income statements for Dasher Corporations home office, its
Dot branch, and its home office and branch combined appear in Exhibit 10-8. These statements are
presented to highlight differences between separate home office and branch statements and com-
bined statements for the enterprise. Note that the cost of sales on the home office books is equal to
80% of home office sales ($160,000 $200,000), and that combined cost of sales is equal to 80%
of combined sales ($225,400 $281,750), reflecting the companywide policy of setting sales
prices at 25% above cost. This relationship does not exist between branch cost of sales and sales
SUMMARY
Enterprises frequently conduct activities at diverse business locations by means of branches and
sales agencies. Separate accounting systems are not required for sales agency operations, but the
accounting system of the business entity may be expanded in order to provide information about
agency operations for purposes of planning, control, and evaluation. By contrast, home office and
branch operations are accounted for through separate home office and branch accounting systems.
The home office accounts for its investment in the net assets of its branches by means of branch
accounts that are reciprocal to home office accounts on the books of the branches. Reciprocal
home office and branch accounts are eliminated when home office and branch financial statements
are combined into financial statements for the enterprise.
Transactions between a home office and its branches require journal entries that are unique to
home office and branch accounting systems. Entries to account for other transactions are recorded
in the usual manner. Merchandise shipments to branches and related transfer pricing strategies
require special attention in order to avoid recognition of unrealized profits. Other areas of concern
in home office and branch accounting include expense allocation, account reconciliation, and year-
end accounting procedures. Separate home office and branch financial statements are used only for
internal purposes. Financial statements for the enterprise as a whole are developed by combining
the separate statements of the home office and its branches.
A S S I G N M E N T M AT E R I A L
W 10-1 How does branch accounting differ from accounting for sales agencies?
W 10-2 Should a company maintain separate accounts for subsidiary records in order to identify the rev-
enues and expenses associated with operations of each of its sale agencies? Discuss.
W 10-3 When are expenses paid by a sales agency recorded on the books of the central accounting unit of
the enterprise?
W 10-4 Alternative account titles for the branch account on the books of the home office include Tampa
branch, investment in Tampa branch, and Tampa branchcurrent. Describe the nature and
function of this account.
W 10-5 Explain the nature of the shipments to branch account on the home office books and the ship-
ments from home office account on the branch books.
W 10-6 The accounts shipments to branch and shipments from home office may or may not have recip-
rocal balances. When should the account balances be reciprocal and when would they be different?
W 10-7 What advantage can you see for a firm to set transfer prices to its branches at normal sales prices?
W 10-8 Telestar Company ships merchandise to its Denver branch at 30% above cost. If the Denver branch
has a beginning inventory of $39,000 and records shipments from home office of $780,000, what
should be the year-end balance of the loading account on the books of the home office before
adjusting entries? What should the balance be after adjusting entries, assuming that the ending
inventory of the Denver branch is $58,500?
W 10-9 Topper Corporations home office shipped merchandise to its Pine branch at a cost of $20,000 and
also paid $1,000 shipping costs. Pine branch shipped this merchandise to Spruce branch a few days
later and paid $500 shipping costs. If Toppers home office had shipped the merchandise directly to
Spruce branch, the shipping cost would have been $900. Prepare journal entries on the books of the
home office to record these transactions.
W 10-10 Does the allocation of home office expenses to branch operations affect the income of an enter-
prise? If not, what is the advantage of such allocation? Discuss.
20 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
W 10-11 Does the income of a home office plus the income of its branches equal the combined net income
of the enterprise? Explain.
W 10-12 In preparing working papers to combine the adjusted trial balances of a home office and its
branches, what is the advantage of combining the home office adjusted trial balance before record-
ing the entry for branch profit or loss for the period?
W 10-13 Arnimal Corporation is located in Dallas, Texas, and its branch is located in Fort Worth, Texas.
Transactions and events affecting the Fort Worth branch during 2009 are summarized as follows:
1. Received shipments from the home office, billed at $10,000 home office cost.
2. Purchased merchandise from Alta Wholesalers, $4,000.
3. Sold merchandise to customers on account in the amount of $20,000.
4. Paid operating expenses, $3,000.
5. Returned 20% of the merchandise received in item 1 to the home office.
6. Paid $2,000 for advertising, 50% of which is a home office expense.
7. Received a debit memo from the home office for the following expenses allocated by the
home office to the branch: depreciation expense, $500; other operating expenses, $200.
8. Remitted $5,000 to the home office.
9. Collected $14,000 on accounts receivable.
10. Collected a note for the home office in the amount of $3,000 plus $150 interest.
11. Received notice that the home office had collected $1,000 from a branch customer (assume
that it was a customer included in item 3).
12. Closed the nominal accounts to the revenue and expense summary account. Branch begin-
ning and ending inventories were $1,900 and $2,000, respectively.
13. Closed the balance of the revenue and expense summary account.
R E Q U I R E D : Prepare journal entries to reflect the transactions and events in the accounts of the branch and
the home office.
W 10-14 Yak Corporations home office ships merchandise to its Vinton branch at a billing price of 120% of
cost. During 2004, the home office makes the following entry:
At year-end 2004, $12,000 of this merchandise remains in the Vinton branch inventory.
R E Q U I R E D : Prepare the entry or entries necessary on Yaks home office books at year-end 2004 to adjust
the branch inventory and branch profit to a cost basis.
W 10-15 Medina Corporation has operations in two locationsa main plant and a branch plant. The branch
receives most of its inventory from the main plant, but it also purchases some items from local sup-
pliers. The main plant transfers merchandise to the branch at 120% of cost, and this merchandise is
inventoried by the branch at billed prices. The following data for the year 2003 are available:
Main Plant Branch Plant
Books Books
Inventory January 1 $ 126,000 $ 24,000
Purchases 1,400,000 48,000
Shipments to branch 300,000
Shipments from home office 360,000
Inventory December 31 120,000 26,000
One-fourth of the beginning branch inventory was acquired from outside suppliers. The branch
ending inventory includes $5,000 from outside suppliers.
R E Q U I R E D : Determine the cost of goods sold amount to be included in the published income statement of
Medina Corporation for the year 2003.
W 10-17 Diazo Corporation operates a main store at its home office and a branch store in another state. The
branch purchases most of its merchandise from the home office at 10% above home office cost. All
merchandise acquired from other suppliers is accounted for by the branch at original cost. At
September 30, 2007, the records of the branch indicated the following:
September sales $70,000
Inventory September 1 17,600* (50% from outside suppliers)
Shipments from home office 27,500 (at billed prices)
Purchases from outsiders 12,000
Expenses 20,000
Inventory September 30 15,000* ($4,000 from outside suppliers)
REQUIRED:
1. Prepare all necessary adjusting and closing entries on the branch books at September 30, 2007.
2. Prepare all necessary adjusting entries on the home office books at September 30, 2007, to adjust the
home office records for the branch operations for September.
W 10-18 Eastland Corporation has two branches to which merchandise is transferred at cost plus 20%, plus
freight charges. On November 30, 2006, Eastland shipped merchandise that cost $5,500 to its
Charlotte branch, and the $200 shipping charge was paid by Eastland. On December 15, 2006, the
Raleigh branch encountered an inventory shortage, and the Charlotte branch shipped the merchan-
dise to the Raleigh branch at a freight cost of $160 paid by the Charlotte branch. Shipping charges
from the home office to the Raleigh branch would have been $175.
1. Eastland will record the $5,500 shipment to the Charlotte branch, together with the $200
shipping charge, in a journal entry that includes the following:
a. Shipments from home office, $6,600
b. Shipments to Charlotte branch, $5,700
c. Unrealized profitbranch inventory, $1,100
d. Investment in Charlotte branch, $5,700
2. The Charlotte branch should record the transfer of merchandise to the Raleigh branch by
either a debit or a credit entry that includes the following:
a. Shipments from home office, $5,500
b. Raleigh branch, $6,975
c. Home office, $6,960
d. Inventory, $5,660
3. If the merchandise is unsold at year end, the Raleigh branch will inventory the merchandise at:
a. $6,000
b. $6,975
c. $6,760
d. $6,775
22 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
4. If the merchandise is unsold at year end, Eastland Corporation will include it as an asset in its
annual report to stockholders in the amount of:
a. $5,500
b. $5,660
c. $5,675
d. $5,875
W 10-19 On December 3, 2003, the home office of Bristol Office Supply Company recorded a shipment of
merchandise to its South Fork branch as follows:
The South Fork branch sells 40% of the merchandise to outside entities during the rest of
December 2003. The books of the home office and Bristol branches are closed on December 31 of
each year.
On January 5, 2004, the South Fork branch transfers half of the original shipment to the Sandy
branch, and the South Fork branch pays $500 freight on the shipment.
REQUIRED:
1. Prepare the journal entry on the books of the South Fork branch to record receipt of the shipment from the
home office on December 3, 2003.
2. At what amounts should the 60% of the merchandise remaining unsold at December 31, 2003, be included
in (a) the inventory of the South Fork branch at December 31, 2003, and (b) the published balance sheet
of Bristol Office Supply Company at December 31, 2003?
3. Prepare journal entries on the books of (a) the home office, (b) the South Fork branch, and (c) the Sandy
branch for the January 3, 2004, transfer, assuming that the freight cost of the merchandise from the home
office to the Sandy branch would have been $600.
W 10-20 Summarized data taken from the trial balances of Manning Corporations home office and branch
at December 31, 2005, are as follows:
Home Office Branch
Other assets $340,000 $ 61,200
Branch 50,000
Inventory, January 1 10,000 4,800
Purchases 80,000
Shipments from home office 24,000
Expenses 20,000 10,000
$500,000 $100,000
Liabilities $ 25,200 $ 10,000
Loading in beginning branch inventory 800
Home office 50,000
Capital stock 200,000
Retained earnings, January 1 130,000
Sales 120,000 40,000
Shipments to branch 24,000
$500,000 $100,000
The home office ships merchandise to its branch at 120% of home office cost. At December 31,
2005, the home office inventory at cost was $15,000 and the branch inventory at transfer prices
was $6,000.
REQUIRED
1. Prepare a schedule of cost of sales.
2. Prepare comparative home office, branch, and combined income statements for Manning Corporation for
the year ended December 31, 2005.
REQUIRED
1. Prepare a closing entry for the branch and adjusting and closing entries for the home office.
2. Prepare a combined income statement for Naylor Corporation using a cost of goods sold summary caption.
W 10-22 Home office and branch accounts for Michael Company showing activities for the month of July
2007 follow:
HOME OFFICE ACCOUNT (BRANCH BOOKS)
Cash remitted to home office $42,000 June 30, 2007, balance $15,000
Merchandise returned Shipment from home
to home office 3,000 office (cost) 32,000
Machine charged to home Expenses allocated
office 5,000 from home office 14,500
Home office note collected
with $100 interest 2,100
June 30, 2007, balance $15,000 Cash received from branch $36,000
Shipments to branch (cost) 37,000 Machine purchased by branch 5,000
Expenses allowed to branch 15,400
Note collected by branch 2,000
Except for a branch error in recording expense allocations and a home office error in not record-
ing interest, all differences in the accounts are due to timing differences in recording reciprocal
information.
REQUIRED
1. Prepare a reconciliation of the home office account (branch books) and the investment in branch account
(home office books) as of July 31, 2007.
2. Prepare a single correcting journal entry to bring the home office account on the branch books up to date
on July 31, 2007.
3. Prepare a single correcting journal entry to bring the investment in branch account on the home office
books up to date on July 31, 2007.
W 10-23 Summary adjusted trial balances for the home office and branch of Tanker Corporation at
December 31, 2003, are as follows:
24 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Home Office Branch
Debits
Other assets $ 530,000 $165,000
Inventories January 1, 2003 50,000 45,000
Branch 200,000
Purchases 500,000
Shipments from home office 240,000
Expenses 120,000 50,000
Dividends 100,000
Total debits $1,500,000 $500,000
Credits
Other liabilities $ 90,000 $ 25,000
Capital stock 500,000
Retained earnings 100,000
Home office 175,000
Unrealized profit in branch inventory 10,000
Sales 537,500 300,000
Shipments to branch 200,000
Branch profit 62,500
Total credits $1,500,000 $500,000
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
1. The home office ships merchandise to its branch at 120% of home office cost.
2. Inventories at December 31, 2003, are $70,000 for the home office and $60,000 for the branch. The
branch inventory is at transfer prices.
REQUIRED
1. Journalize the closing entries for the branch at December 31, 2003.
2. Journalize the closing entries for the home office at December 31, 2003.
3. Prepare a combined balance sheet for Tanker Corporation at December 31, 2003.
4. Prepare a combined income statement for Tanker Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2003.
W 10-24 Comparative data for Dalton Corporations home office and its branches are summarized as follows:
Home Office Salina Branch Wichita Branch
Cash $ 67,000 $ 43,000 $ 46,000
Inventory January 1 83,000 22,000 33,000
Other current assets 50,000 20,000 25,000
Salina branch 90,000
Wichita branch 60,000
Shipments from home office 55,000 66,000
Purchases 150,000
Expenses 100,000 40,000 30,000
$600,000 $180,000 $200,000
Current liabilities $ 34,000 $ 10,000 $ 20,000
Capital stock 200,000
Retained earnings 40,000
Home office 90,000 60,000
LoadingSalina branch 7,000
LoadingWichita branch 9,000
Sales 200,000 80,000 120,000
Shipments to Salina branch 50,000
Shipments to Wichita branch 60,000
$600,000 $180,000 $200,000
Ending inventories are $40,000 for the home office, $27,500 for the Salina branch, and $28,600 for
the Wichita branch.
R E Q U I R E D : Prepare an income statement for the home office of Dalton Corporation for the year (not a
combined income statement).
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
1. The entire difference between the shipment accounts is due to the practice of billing the branch at cost
plus 20%.
2. December 31, 2007, inventories are $40,000 and $20,000 for the home office and the branch, respectively.
(Note: The branch purchased 16% of its ending inventory from outside suppliers.)
3. Branch beginning and ending inventories include merchandise acquired from the home office as well
as from outside suppliers. Merchandise acquired from the home office is inventoried at 120% of home
office cost.
REQUIRED
1. Prepare a single closing journal entry for the branch books at December 21, 2007.
2. Prepare journal entries to adjust the home office books for branch activities for 2007. (Hint: Two entries
are required.)
3. Prepare a single closing journal entry for the home office books at December 31, 2007.
4. Prepare a combined income statement for Isaac Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2007.
W 10-26 Fast-Stop has three all-night grocery stores located in western Virginia. Each store has a branch
manager with authority to accept inventory items at home office cost plus 10% or to purchase from
outside wholesalers, at his or her discretion.
Inventories at December 31, 2003, were as follows:
Home office $110,900 cost
Dublin branch 26,400 transfer price
Radford branch 29,700 transfer price
Blacksburg branch 46,200 transfer price
Summary information for Fast-Stop and its branches at December 31, 2003, includes the fol-
lowing accounts and amounts.
Home Dublin Radford Blacksburg
Office Branch Branch Branch
Cash $ 42,000 $ 6,000 $ 44,000 $ 8,000
Inventories 60,900 $ 37,400 $ 33,000 18,700
Other current assets 45,100 26,600 40,000 53,300
Plant assetsnet 200,000
Dublin branch 40,000
Radford branch 92,000
Blacksburg branch 50,000
Purchases 1,000,000
Shipments from home office 330,000 275,000 440,000
Expenses 20,000 50,000 48,000 80,000
$1,550,000 $450,000 $440,000 $600,000
Liabilities $ 46,900 $
Capital stock 400,000
Retained earnings 50,000
(Continued)
26 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Home Dublin Radford Blacksburg
Office Branch Branch Branch
Home office 40,000 92,000 50,000
Unrealized profit in branch
inventories 103,100
Shipments to Dublin branch 300,000
Shipments to Radford branch 250,000
Shipments to Blacksburg
branch 400,000
Sales 410,000 348,000 550,000
$1,550,000 $450,000 $440,000 $600,000
REQUIRED
1. Prepare adjusting and closing entries for the home office of Fast-Stop.
2. Prepare a combined income statement for Fast-Stop for 2003.
3. Prepare a combined balance sheet for Fast-Stop at December 31, 2003.
W 10-27 Separate financial statements of Tiller Companys home office and branch for 2003 are summa-
rized as follows:
Home Office Branch
Income Statements for the Year Ended December 31, 2003
Sales $1,650,000 $800,000
Income from branch 218,000
Total revenue 1,868,000 800,000
Less Cost of goods sold
Beginning inventory $ 250,000 $104,000*
Purchases 800,000 120,000
Shipments to branch (200,000)
Shipments from home office 240,000
Goods available for sale 850,000 464,000
Inventory, December 31 (200,000) (114,000)
Cost of goods sold 650,000 350,000
Gross profit 1,218,000 450,000
Expenses (700,000) (270,000)
Net income $ 518,000 $180,000
Retained Earnings Statement
for the Year Ended December 31, 2003
Retained earningsbeginning $ 132,000
Home officepreclosing balance $250,000
Add: Net income 518,000 180,000
Less: Dividends (400,000)
Retained earnings/home office balanceending $ 250,000 $430,000
Balance Sheet at December 31, 2003
Cash $ 64,000 $ 56,000
Accounts receivablenet 320,000 180,000
Inventories 200,000 114,000
Unrealized profit in branch inventory (14,000)
Plant assetsnet 800,000 200,000
Branch 430,000
Total assets $1,800,000 $550,000
Accounts payable $ 400,000 $ 80,000
Other liabilities 150,000 40,000
Capital stock 1,000,000
Retained earnings 250,000
Home office 430,000
Total equities $1,800,000 $550,000
*Includes $72,000 acquired from home office at 120% of home office cost plus $32,000 acquired
through purchases.
Includes $84,000 acquired from home office at 120% of home office cost plus $30,000 acquired
through purchases.
W 10-28 The after-closing balances of Carler Corporations home office and its branch at January 1, 2003,
were as follows:
Home Office Branch
Cash $ 7,000 $ 2,000
Accounts receivablenet 10,000 3,500
Inventory 15,000 5,500
Plant assetsnet 45,000 20,000
Branch 28,000
Total assets $105,000 $31,000
Accounts payable $ 4,500 $ 2,500
Other liabilities 3,000 500
Unrealized profitbranch inventory 500
Home office 28,000
Capital stock 80,000
Retained earnings 17,000
Total equities $105,000 $31,000
A summary of the operations of the home office and branch for 2003 follows:
1. Home office sales: $100,000, including $33,000 to the branch. A standard 10% markup on
cost applies to all sales to the branch. Branch sales to its customers totaled $50,000.
2. Purchases from outside entities: home office, $50,000; branch, $7,000.
3. Collections from sales: home office, $98,000 (including $30,000 from branch); branch col-
lections, $51,000.
4. Payments on account: home office, $51,500; branch, $4,000.
5. Operating expenses paid: home office, $20,000; branch, $6,000.
6. Depreciation on plant assets: home office, $4,000; branch, $1,000.
7. Home office operating expenses allocated to the branch, $2,000.
8. At December 31, 2003, the home office inventory is $11,000 and the branch inventory is $6,000,
of which $1,050 was acquired from outside suppliers.
REQUIRED
1. Prepare journal entries to reflect the foregoing information in the accounts of the home office and the branch.
2. Post the journal entries to ledge accounts.
3. Prepare trial balances for the home office and branch.
4. Construct working papers to combine the activities of the home office and branch into financial
statements.
5. Prepare closing entries for the branch and adjusting and closing entries for the home office.
W 10-29 Anselmo Company operates retail hobby shops from the main store and a branch store. Merchandise
is shipped from the main store to the branch and billed to the branch at an arbitrary 10% markup.
Trial balances of the main store and branch as of December 31, 2006, are as follows:
Main Store Branch
Debits
Cash $ 1,500 $ 1,000
Accounts receivablenet 200
Inventory December 31, 2005 3,500 2,500
Buildingnet 60,000 18,000
Equipmentnet 30,000 12,000
Branch store 32,300
Purchases 240,000 11,000
Shipments from home office 99,000
Other expenses 15,000 7,000
$382,500 $150,500
(Continued)
28 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Main Store Branch
Credits
Accounts payable $ 15,000 $ 500
Unrealized inventory profit 9,200
Main store 30,000
Capital stock 50,000
Retained earnings 16,000
Sales 200,000 120,000
Shipments to branch 90,000
Profit from branch 2,300
$382,500 $150,500
Inventories on hand at December 31, 2006, at the main store and branch are $3,000 and $1,800,
respectively. The December 31, 2005, branch inventory includes merchandise purchased from out-
siders of $300, and the December 31, 2006, branch inventory includes $150 of merchandise pur-
chased from outsiders.
REQUIRED
1. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods sold.
2. Prepare working papers to combine the main store and the branch accounts for the year 2006.
W 10-30 Trial balances for Bear Corporation and its two branches at December 31, 2006, are as follows:
Home Office Branch A Branch B
Debits
Cash $ 15,000 $ 1,300 $ 6,400
Inventory January 1, 2006 34,000 5,500 8,800
Other assets 300,000 150,000 125,000
Branch A 100,000
Branch B 81,000
Purchases 350,000
Shipments from home office 68,200 41,800
Other expenses 120,000 35,000 38,000
$1,000,000 $260,000 $220,000
Credits
Liabilities $ 60,000 $ 16,000 $ 25,000
Home office 94,000 75,000
Sales 500,000 150,000 120,000
Shipments to Branch A 73,700
Shipments to Branch B 46,200
Loading in December 31,
2005, inventories 1,300
Capital stock 300,000
Retained earnings 18,800
$1,000,000 $260,000 $220,000
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
1. Inventories on hand, excluding all goods in transit on December 31, 2006, are as follows:
Home office (cost) $31,000
Branch A (billing prices) 7,260
Branch B (billing prices) 8,250
2. All differences between home office and branch accounts are due to cash in transit and merchandise in
transit. (All cash in transit is from branch to home office.)
3. Bear consistently uses a standard markup on all goods shipped to its branches.
R E Q U I R E D : Prepare working papers to combine the operations of Bear Corporations home office and its
branches at and for the year ended December 31, 2006.
W 10-31 Selected information from the trial balances for the home office and the branch of Certy Company at
December 31, 2008, is provided. These trial balances cover the period from December 1 to December
31, 2008. The branch acquires some of its merchandise from the home office (the branch is billed
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
Merchandise inventory, December 31, 2008home office, $20,000; branch, $10,000.
REQUIRED
1. How much of the December 1 inventory of the branch represents purchases from outsiders and how much
represents goods acquired from the home office?
2. The ending inventory of the branch consists of merchandise purchased from the home office of $8,400
and from outsiders of $1,600. What entry is necessary on the home office books to adjust the shipments
to branchloading account at December 31, 2008?
3. Prepare the income statement to be submitted by the branch to the home office for the month of
December 2008.
4. Prepare the income statement for the home office for December 2008, showing separately the results of
home office and branch operations (not a combined or consolidated statement).
W 10-32 Eastman Corporation has three distribution centersthe main office, Buffalo branch, and Carson
branch. All merchandise is purchased through the main office and billed to the branches at 20%
above cost. Trial balances for the three locations at December 31, 2005, are as follows:
Main Buffalo Carson
Office Branch Branch
Cash $ 26,000 $ 14,500 $ 25,000
Inventory December 31, 2004 82,000 12,000 15,600
Shipments from main office 48,000 55,200
Buffalo branch 62,000
Carson branch 72,000
Other assets 300,000 50,000 60,000
Purchases 220,000
Expenses 38,000 9,500 10,200
$800,000 $134,000 $166,000
Liabilities $ 95,400 $ 20,000 $ 27,800
Shipments to Buffalo branch 54,000
Shipments to Carson branch 66,000
Sales 160,000 60,000 80,000
Unrealized profit in beginning
branch inventories 4,600
Capital stock 350,000
Retained earnings 70,000
Main office 54,000 58,200
$800,000 $134,000 $166,000
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
1. At December 31, 2005, the Buffalo branch deposited $2,000 to the account of the main office.
2. On December 30, 2005, the main office sent a $3,000 check to the Carson branch to replenish Carsons
working capital.
3. Inventories at December 31, 2005, are as follows:
Home office (cost) $86,000
Buffalo branch (billed prices) 8,400
Carson branch (billed prices) 7,200
These inventories do not include goods in transit.
30 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
REQUIRED
1. Prepare a reconciliation of the main office and branch accounts on December 31, 2005, before closing
entries are made.
2. Calculate the separate and the combined inventories of the main office and the two branches on a cost
basis at December 31, 2005.
3. Compute the combined income of Eastman Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2005.
4. Prepare a combined balance sheet for Eastman Corporation at December 31, 2005.
W 10-33 Control Products Corporation has two branches, A and B, to which merchandise is billed at 20%
above cost. Unadjusted trial balances of the three entities at December 31, 2007, are summarized
as follows:
Home Office Branch A Branch B
Cash $ 33,000 $ 22,000 $ 13,000
Inventory 80,000 18,000 24,000
Other current assets 50,000 25,000 23,000
Branch A 45,000
Branch B 42,000
Shipments from home office 60,000 36,000
Purchases 160,000
Expenses 90,000 25,000 20,000
$500,000 $150,000 $116,000
Current liabilities $ 40,000 $ 15,000 $ 11,000
Capital stock 100,000
Retained earnings 50,000
Home office 45,000 30,000
LoadingBranch A 13,000
LoadingBranch B 12,000
Sales 195,000 90,000 75,000
Shipments to Branch A 50,000
Shipments to Branch B 40,000
$500,000 $150,000 $116,000
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
1. Merchandise that cost $10,000 was in transit from the home office to Branch B at December 31, 2007.
2. Physical inventories at December 31, 2007, were as follows:
Home office $70,000 at cost
Branch A 21,000 at billed prices
Branch B 15,000 at billed prices (does not include merchandise in transit)
REQUIRED
1. Prepare working papers to combine home office and branch accounts for the year ended December 31, 2007.
2. Prepare a reconciliation of the branch and home office accounts, starting with the balances given in the
unadjusted trial balances and reconciling to the correct balances at December 31, 2007, after all adjusting
and closing entries have been made.
W 10-34 Trial balances for Homer Corporation and its two branches at December 31, 2004, are as
follows:
Homer Hampton Norfolk
Home Office Branch Branch
Debits
Cash $ 18,000 $ 5,000 $ 15,000
Receivables 30,000 12,000 26,000
Inventories January 1, 2004 36,000 7,200 5,400
Other assets 200,000 42,800 47,600
Hampton branch 50,000
Norfolk branch 68,000
Shipments from home office 30,000 27,000
(Continued)
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
1. All shipments are billed at 120% of cost.
2. Ending inventories are $32,000, $8,400, and $4,800 for the home office, the Hampton branch, and the
Norfolk branch, respectively. Ending inventories of the branches include the standard 20% loading factor
but exclude goods in transit.
3. Goods in transit at billing prices on December 31, 2004, are $6,000 to the Hampton branch and $3,000 to
the Norfolk branch. Cash in transit from home office to the Hampton branch for operating expenses at
December 31, 2004, is $2,000. Cash in transit from the Norfolk branch to home office amounts to
$4,000.
4. Loadingbranch inventories represents unrealized profit in beginning inventories of the Hampton and
Norfolk branches.
REQUIRED
1. Prepare all journal entries necessary to adjust and close the books of the Hampton branch.
2. Prepare all journal entries necessary to adjust and close the books of the Norfolk branch.
3. Prepare all journal entries necessary to adjust and close the books of the home office.
4. Prepare an income statement for 2004 and a balance sheet on December 31, 2004, for Homer Corporation
in a form that reports revenue and expense details rather than branch profit and loss.
W 10-35 Comparative trial balances of the home office and the two branches of Toller Corporation at
December 31, 2003, were as follows:
Home Roca Lane
Office Branch Branch
Debits
Cash $ 5,000 $ 15,000 $ 22,000
Accounts receivablenet 80,000 30,000 40,000
Inventories 150,000 60,000 48,000
Roca branch 170,000
Lane branch 165,000
Plant assets (net) 730,000 250,000 200,000
Purchases 900,000
Shipments from home office 300,000 240,000
Expenses 300,000 75,000 50,000
Total debits $2,500,000 $730,000 $600,000
Credits
Accounts payable $ 100,000 $ 45,000 $ 30,000
Other liabilities 80,000 15,000 5,000
Loading in branch
inventories 108,000
Capital stock, $10 par 500,000
(Continued)
32 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
Home Roca Lane
Office Branch Branch
Credits (cont.)
Retained earnings 262,000
Home office 170,000 165,000
Sales 1,000,000 500,000 400,000
Shipments to branches 450,000
Total credits $2,500,000 $730,000 $600,000
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
Home office and branch inventories at December 31, 2003, were as follows:
Home office at cost $120,000
Roca branch at billing prices 72,000
Lane branch at billing prices 96,000
All branch shipments are billed at 120% of home office cost.
REQUIRED
1. Compute the beginning inventory of Toller Corporation dated December 31, 2002.
2. Compute the ending inventory of Toller Corporation at December 31, 2003.
3. Prepare journal entries to close the books of the Roca branch and the Lane branch at December 31, 2003.
4. Prepare journal entries to adjust and close the books of the home office at December 31, 2003.
5. Prepare an income statement for the home office of Toller Corporation for the year ended December 31,
2003 (not a combined income statement).
6. Prepare a combined balance sheet for Toller Corporation at December 31, 2003.