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Rotating Electrostatic Propulsion System
Rotating Electrostatic Propulsion System
(76) Inventor: John Quincy St. Clair, San Juan, PR (57) ABSTRACT
(US)
Correspondence Address: This invention relates to a spacecraft propulsion system
John St. Clair utilizing thrusters comprised of a motor-driven electrostati
Hyperspace Research Institute cally charged cylinder rotating Within an electrostatically
52 Kings Court, 4A charged annular ring for the purpose of creating a spacetime
curvature stress-energy tension in the horizontal direction.
San Juan, PR 00911 (US)
The thrusters are augmented by magnetic vorteX generators,
either embedded in the cylinders or located above each
(21) Appl. No.: 10/142,582
thruster, for the purpose of increasing the permittivity of
(22) Filed: May 9, 2002 space by permeating each thruster With loW density hyper
space energy generated by a Wormhole created betWeen our
Publication Classi?cation space and hyperspace. A combination of three thrusters
mounted on the underside of the hull of the spacecraft
(51) Int. Cl.7 ............................. .. B64G 1/40; B64G 1/42 provide thrust and yaW motion control.
Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 1 0f 4 US 2003/0209637 A1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 2 0f 4 US 2003/0209637 A1
Figure3
Figure4
FigureS
t0 Br 0 EZ
a IEr O 0 0
F5: 90 O O 0
ZE 0 O 0
Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 3 0f 4 US 2003/0209637 A1
Figure 6
TZT : _ EIEZ
4n
Figure 7
d E E
-Sr = so ertZXtTZrnrArea = 80 t I Z nrArea
dt 4n
Figure 8
2
coul n n 2 m m
2 see m = g~5sec=kg~
m n coul c0111 sec see
Figure 9
d 80 icot iso im
Sr t = e EIEZ area+e ErEZtmarea
dt 41: 411:
Patent Application Publication Nov. 13, 2003 Sheet 4 0f 4 US 2003/0209637 A1
Figure 10
Figure 1 1
Figure 12
US 2003/0209637 A1 Nov. 13, 2003
[0003] When Working With MaxWells equations in tensor [0018] FIG. 11. Cylinder With only one electrostatically
notation, it became apparent that a tensor can change iden charged segment.
tity depending on What permutation of variables is involved. [0019] FIG. 12. Annular ring With three individual seg
For example, one single equation can involve both charge ments Which can be charged separately to create a force in
density and current density. And all of MaxWells equations a particular direction.
can be reduced to just tWo equations.
[0004] In the tensor equation for momentum, if the lever DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
arm is length then the equation is equal to the How rate of INVENTION
angular momentum. If the lever arm is time, then you get [0020] 1. Referring to FIG. 1, the spacecraft comprises
linear momentum. And if the ?eld rotates With time, then the an upper hull (A) With three rotating electrostatically
time rate of change of linear momentum is a force Which is charged cylinders (C) With their concentric annular
the basis for this invention. electrostatically charged rings (D) located on the space
[0005] Einstein said that mass curves space and space tells crafts bottom hull
mass hoW to move. In this sense, generaliZed mass can be
[0021] 2. In a closer vieW of one of the cylinders seen
mass, electromagnetic ?elds, charge or angular momentum in FIG. 2, motor-driven rotating cylinder (A) has an
Which create a spacetime curvature that produces a force on electrostatically charged surface Which produces an
the spacecraft. electric ?eld (C) normal to said surface. The ?xed,
electrostatically charged annular ring (B), Which is
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION concentric With the cylinder, produces a vertical elec
[0006] The invention relates to a spacecraft utiliZing a creates
tric ?elda (D)
negative
normal
spacetime
to its surface.
curvature
This tension
crossed Which
?eld is
rotating electrostatically charged cylinder and a concentric
annular charged ring to create a stress-energy spacetime the product of the tWo ?elds divided by 4x as seen in
curvature in the horiZontal plane on the spacecrafts under the equation, FIG. 3.
side hull. Amotor drives the rotating cylinder Which extends
beloW the hull. A charged surface produces an electric ?eld
[0022] 3. Notice that the equation involves the permit
tivity of space 60 divided by the linear mass of the
in the direction normal to the surface. The vertical and
universe Q and the speed of light. This produces units
rotating electric ?elds combine to create a rate of change of
of inverse meter squared Which is the spacetime cur
linear momentum Which creates a horiZontal propulsive
vature. In Einsteins General Theory of Relativity, the
force on the hull.
spacetime curvature tensor is equal to the stress-energy
tensor or G=8rcT Where G is the curvature, and T is the
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY
SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
product of the electromagnetic ?elds. The problem With
this equation, Which has been resolved With this inven
[0007] Not Applicable. tion, is that the linear mass Q times the speed of light
c is an enormous number. Even With the square of
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS enormous electric ?elds, the curvature Would be too
small even to notice, and little force Would be gener
[0008] FIG. 1. Perspective vieW of spacecraft hull (A) ated.
With the three electrostatically charged rotating cylinders (C)
surrounded by their annular charge rings (D) extending [0023] 4. In another patent application of mine entitled
doWn on the underside of the hull Magnetic Vortex Generator, it Was shoWn that a rotating
US 2003/0209637 A1 Nov. 13, 2003
cylinder containing embedded and stacked bar magnets the same as the momentum subscript. Permutations of
produces a negative mass and negative spacetime the coordinate variables Which are in order have a plus
spring constant. It can be shown that this combination one sign. Permutations Which are in reverse order have
produces a small Wormhole or interdimensional con a minus one sign. Permutations in Which the variable
nection betWeen our space and hyperspace along the are repeated are Zero. For eXample, emf-anal because
centerline of the rotating cylinder. Co-dimensions of the r and t are in reverse order in cylindrical coordi
hyperspace have different physics constants. A loW nates. Because the permutation tensor starts With r, then
pressure region of hyperspace has a very loW mass We can have permutations such as {r,t,Z} Which is a
density and a very loW speed of light. The Wormhole reverse order negative permutation. This negative sign
alloWs this loW density hyperspace energy to enter into cancels the negative sign of the stress tensor. The
our space and permeate the cylinder and annular ring.
reason this permutation is chosen is because the ?rst
The permittivity is proportional to the inverse of the
subscript on the stress-energy tensor is noW Z. Because
speed of light squared. The hyperspace speed of light,
obtained from my tetrahedron physics diagram, is 8971 the normal to the area is in the radial direction, then the
meters per second. The speed of light in our dimension stress-tensor matches the electric ?elds that We have
is 299792458 meters per second. As shoWn by the available, Which are also in the Zr-direction.
enclosed reference calculation, the hyperspace permit [0028] 9. In this case, the second subscript of the
tivity is about a trillion times larger. Because the force
permutation tensor is time, rather than length. So the
is equal to this neW permittivity times the electric ?elds
squared times the area around cylinder, the force is units become, as shoWn in FIG. 8, those of linear
greatly ampli?ed by this increase in the permittivity of momentum. To me, this Was very surprising. Then I
space.
realiZed that the radial electric ?eld rotates With time
Which means the differential of the linear momentum
[0024] 5. It is pertinent to this invention hoW the stress produces a force on the hull. In exponential notation,
energy is created due to the tWo electric ?elds in the the radial electric ?eld rotates With EXp[iu)t]. This is
vertical and radial direction. In gravitational physics, multiplied by the time lever arm, so the term that has
there is a Faraday F tensor Which contains all the to be differentiated is t em. The time lever arm saves
components of the electromagnetic ?elds. It is a 4 by 4 the differentiation by making one term real so that the
matriX Whose roWs and columns correspond to the force is real. This is shoWn in FIG. 9. The units of the
coordinates of spacetime Which in cylindrical coordi ?rst term are real neWtons. In the second term, the time
nates are {t, r, 0, Z} Where t is time, r the radius, theta t multiplied by the frequency cancels out in terms of
the horiZontal angle and Z the vertical height. These
coordinates are shoWn in FIG. 4.
units, so the units are still force, but imaginary
[0025] 6. The radial electric EI ?eld and the vertical [0029] 10. There is an area involved in the force equa
electric EZ ?eld can be inserted into the Faraday tensor tion Which is depicted in FIG. 10. The charged rotating
seen in FIG. 5. The sign of the vertical ?eld is positive cylinder (C) located inside the charged annular ring (B)
because it points in the positive Z-direction due to the is driven by motor The radial electric ?eld is
fact that the annular ring has a negative charge. The normal to the area (D) Whose normal vector is also in
cylinder has a positive charge. This produces the nega the radial direction. The angular momentum ?oWs
tive stress-energy tensor TZr as draWn in FIG. 6. through this area Which surrounds the cylinder. In
doing so, it curves spacetime Which produces the force.
[0026] 7. In order to calculate the force on the cylinder,
it is necessary to calculate the How rate of angular [0030] 11. If the radial electric ?eld is continuous
momentum. Momentum is mass times velocity or mass around the cylinder, then the net force is Zero. Referring
meter per second. If the mass is moving in a circle, then to FIG. 11, one section (A) of the rotating cylinder is
there is a lever arm times the momentum Which makes charged, Which means that there is a force once per
it mass meter squared per second. If this is differenti cycle in a selected direction depending on When the
ated With respect to time, then a How rate of angular annular ring is charged. The other option, referring to
momentum is produced With units of mass meter FIG. 12, is that the annular ring is divided up into tWo
squared per second squared. As mentioned previously, or three sections With the feature that the charge can be
tensors have this dual nature Where depending on the turned on (A) or off (B) on a particular segment. As the
permutation of the variables, it means one thing or rotating electric ?eld goes around, one of the annular
another. In this case, the lever arm Will be time, rather ring sections Will have an electric ?eld in order create
than length Which converts the How rate of angular a force on that side.
momentum into just linear momentum. If you change
linear momentum With respect to time, then you get a [0031] 12. Since there are three force cylinders, this
force. alloWs for yaW motion control so that the hull of the
spacecraft can pivot to change direction. After the
[0027] 8. The How rate of angular momentum S is directional change, the tWo back cylinders can be
shoWn in FIG. 7. The force has to be against the area synchroniZed to produce thrust in the forWard direction.
Whose normal vector is in the radial direction Which is
also the direction of the momentum. So S has an r [0032] 13. There could also be a polarity change for the
subscript indicating that it ?oWs in the radial direction. vertical electric ?eld such that a positive stress-energy
The permutation tensor 6 has three subscripts Which is produced Which Would reverse the direction of the
keeps track of the tensor notation. The ?rst subscript is thrust.
US 2003/0209637 A1 Nov. 13, 2003
What I claim as my invention is: 4. Said rotating cylinder having one or more segments
1. A spacecraft propulsion system utilizing three electro Which can be electrostatically charged individually or
statically charged motor-driven cylinders each one of Which together to produce a force in a particular direction.
rotates Within a charged annular ring to produce a spacetime
5. Said annular ring having one or more segments Which
stress curvature tension in the horiZontal plane on the
underside of the hull. can be electrostatically charged individually or together to
2. Said rotating cylinder comprised of bar magnets produce a force in a particular direction.
embedded in the cylinder and stacked in groups at intervals 6. A combination of three such thrusters providing a force
around the periphery of the cylinder With the purpose of in any particular direction or for yaW motion control.
increasing the permittivity of space by permeating the 7. Electric polarity sWitching of the ?elds in order to
cylinder and ring With loW linear mass, loW speed of light reverse the spacetime curvature and therefore change the
hyperspace energy by means of a Wormhole betWeen our direction of thrust.
space and hyperspace. The larger permittivity is to increase
the force. Said technique is contained in my patent appli 8. The use of a magnetic vorteX generator located above
cations Magnetic Vortex Wormhole Generator and Magnetic each thruster in order to permeate the cylinders and rings
Vortex Generator. With loW density hyperspace energy Which Would substitute
3. Said rotating cylinder and annular ring having a suit for the embedded magnets in each cylinder.
able metal surface for forming and maintaining the electro
static charge.