ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT

NO. 45 OF 1965

(ASSENTED TO 17 APRIL, 1965)

(DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: 21 APRIL, 1965)
(Afrikaans text signed by the State President)
as amended by
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Amendment Act, No. 17 of 1973
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Amendment Act, No. 21 of 1981
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Amendment Act, No. 15 of 1985
Legal Succession to the South African Transport Services Act, No. 9 of 1989
(with effect from 6 October, 1989)
Abolition of Restrictions on the Jurisdiction of Courts Act, No. 88 of 1996
(with effect from 22 November, 1996)
Environmental Laws Rationalisation Act, No. 51 of 1997

GENERAL NOTE
In terms of s. 2 of Act No. 51 of 1997, the expressions Administrator, Director-
General: Health and Welfare, and Minister of Industries, Commerce and Tourism,
wherever they occur, are substituted by the expressions Premier, Director-General:
Environmental Affairs and Tourism and Minister of Trade and Industry,
respectively.

ACT

To provide for the prevention of the pollution of the atmosphere, for the establishment
of a National Air Pollution Advisory Committee, and for matters incidental thereto.

1. Definitions.
(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise indicates-
best practicable means, when used with reference to the prevention of the
escape of noxious or offensive gases or the dispersal or suspension of dust in
the atmosphere or the emission of fumes by vehicles, includes the provision
and maintenance of the necessary appliances to that end, the effective care and
operation of such appliances, and the adoption of any other methods which,
having regard to local conditions and circumstances, the prevailing extent of
technical knowledge and the cost likely to be involved, may be reasonably
practicable and necessary for the protection of any section of the public
against the emission of poisonous or noxious gases, dust or any such fumes;
board means the Air Pollution Appeal Board established under paragraph
(a) of sub-section (1) of section five;
chief officer means the chief air pollution control officer appointed under
section six, and includes the Director-General: Minerals and Energy or the
Chief Inspector of Explosives acting in pursuance of authority conferred upon
him or her in terms of sub-section (2) of that section and any person
performing any of the functions of the chief officer by virtue of authority
conferred upon him or her in terms of sub-section (5) of that section;
committee means the National Air Pollution Advisory Committee
established under section two;
controlled area means any area which has under section eight been
declared to be a controlled area;
dark smoke means smoke which, if compared in the prescribed manner
with a chart of the kind shown in the First Schedule, appears to be of a shade
not lighter than shade 2 on that chart;
dust means any solid matter in a fine or disintegrated form which is capable
of being dispersed or suspended in the atmosphere;
dwelling-house means any building or other structure intended for use or
used as a dwelling for a single family, and any outbuildings appurtenant
thereto;
employee . . . . . .
explosives factory means an explosives factory within the meaning of
section one of the Explosives Act, 1956 (Act No. 26 of 1956);
fixed date, in relation to any area in respect of which a notice has been
issued under subsection (1) of section 14, means the date contemplated in that
subsection, but in relation to an area which has under section 20 (1) been
declared a smoke control zone, means the date determined in terms of section
20 (8);
fuel burning appliance means any furnace, boiler or other appliance
designed to burn or capable of burning liquid fuel or gaseous fuel or wood,
coal, anthracite or other solid fuel, or used to dispose of any material by
burning or to subject solid fuel to any process involving the application of
heat;
inspector means an inspector appointed under section six, and includes any
person acting in pursuance of authority conferred upon him in terms of
paragraph (c) of subsection (2) or performing any of the functions of an
inspector by virtue of authority conferred upon him in terms of sub-section (5)
of that section;
local authority means a local government body within the meaning of
section 1 of the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act No. 209 of
1993).
mine means a mine within the meaning of section 102 of the Mine Health
and Safety Act, 1996 (Act No. 29 of 1996);
Minister means the Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism;
noxious or offensive gas means any of the following groups of compounds
when in the form of gas, namely, hydrocarbons; alcohols; aldehydes; ketones;
ethers; esters; phenols; organic acids and their derivatives; halogens, organic
nitrogen, sulphur and halogen compounds; cyanides; cyanogens; ammonia and
its compounds; inorganic acids; fumes containing antimony, arsenic,
beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, vanadium or
zinc or their derivatives; cement works fumes and odours from purification
plants, glue factories, cement works and meat, fish or whale processing
factories; and any other gas, fumes or particulate matter which the Minister
may by notice in the Gazette declare to be noxious or offensive gas for the
purpose of this Act; and includes dust from asbestos treatment or mining in
any controlled area which has not been declared a dust control area in terms of
section twenty-seven;
occupier, in relation to any premises, means the occupier of those premises
or of any particular part thereof, as the circumstances may require;
 officer means an officer within the meaning of section 1 of the Public
Service Act, 1994 (Proclamation No. 103 of 1994);
premises means any building or other structure together with the land on
which it is situated and any adjoining land occupied or used in connection
with any activities carried on in such building or structure, and includes any
land without any buildings or other structures and any locomotive, ship, boat
or other vessel which operates or is present within the area of a local authority
or the precincts of any harbour;
prescribed means prescribed by or under this Act;
provisional registration certificate means a provisional registration
certificate issued under sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (b) of sub-section (2) or
sub-section (3) of section ten;
registration certificate means a registration certificate issued under sub-
paragraph (i) of paragraph (a) of sub-section (2) or sub-section (3) of section
ten;
scheduled process means any works or process specified in the Second
Schedule;
sell includes offer, advertise, keep, display, transmit, consign, convey or
deliver for sale, or exchange, or dispose of to any person in any manner,
whether for a consideration or otherwise; and selling and sale have
corresponding meanings;
smoke includes soot, grit and gritty particles emitted in smoke;
this Act includes any regulation made under section thirty-three or forty-
four;
town clerk means the chief administrative officer of a local authority;
works means works within the meaning of section 102 of the Mine Health
and Safety Act, 1996 (Act No. 29 of 1996).
(2)The Minister may, after consultation with the committee, by notice in the
Gazette amend the Second Schedule by including therein or excluding
therefrom any process or works or in any other manner as he may deem fit.

2. Establishment of National Air Pollution Advisory Committee.

(1) There is hereby established a committee to be known as the National Air
Pollution Advisory Committee which shall consist of not less than seven and
not more than eleven persons appointed by the Minister.
(2) The Minister shall designate one of the members of the committee as the
chairman and one such member as the vice-chairman of the committee.

3. Functions of committee. - The functions of the committee shall be

(a) to advise the Minister on all matters relating to the control, abatement and
prevention of air pollution;
(b) to study and report to the Minister upon measures taken outside the
Republic for the control of air pollution;
(c) to stimulate interest in the problem of air pollution and for that purpose
(but without limiting the generality of the foregoing) to arrange for the
delivery of lectures and addresses, the holding of discussions and the display
of pictures, cinematograph films or exhibitions relating to that problem; and
(d) to advise the Minister generally in regard to any matter relating to air
pollution as to which the committee considers it necessary to advise the
Minister or which he may refer to the committee for its advice.
6. Appointment of chief officer and inspectors.
(1) The Minister may, subject to the laws governing the public service,
appoint
(a) an officer to be styled the chief air pollution control officer who
shall under the directions of the Minister exercise the powers and
perform the functions assigned to the chief officer under this Act; and
(b) so many persons as he may consider necessary to be inspectors
under this Act.
(2) The Minister may
(a) after consultation with the Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs,
authorize the Director-General: Minerals and Energy to exercise and
perform during the Ministers pleasure, and in consultation with the
chief officer, with reference to mines and works all the powers, duties
and functions of the chief officer under this Act;
(b) after consultation with the Minister of Trade and Industry,
authorize the Chief Inspector of Explosives to exercise and perform
during the Ministers pleasure, and in consultation with the chief
officer, all such powers, duties and functions with reference to
explosives factories;
(c) authorize-
(i) any inspector appointed under section 49 (1) of the Mine
Health and Safety Act, 1996 (Act No. 29 of 1996), or any
Director: Mineral Development appointed in terms of section 4
of the Minerals Act, 1991 (Act No. 50 of 1991) to exercise or
perform with reference to mines and works; or
(ii) any inspector of explosives appointed under section two of
the Explosives Act, 1956 (Act No. 26 of 1956), to exercise or
perform with reference to explosives factories; or
all the powers, duties and functions of an inspector under this
Act.
(3) The chief officer and inspectors appointed under sub-section (1) shall be
persons who are technically qualified to exercise control over atmospheric
pollution by virtue of their academic training in the natural sciences or
engineering and their practical experience in industry together with a
knowledge of the problems concerning atmospheric pollution related thereto.
(4) Every inspector shall be furnished with a certificate signed by the chief
officer stating that he has been appointed or authorized to act as an inspector
under this Act.
(5) The chief officer may with the approval of the Minister, and after
consultation with the local authority concerned or on the recommendation of a
person authorized after such consultation, authorize any competent person in
the service or a local authority to perform in the area under the jurisdiction of
that local authority, and subject to the directions of the chief officer, such of
the functions of the chief officer or an inspector as the chief officer may
determine.
(6) Any person so authorized shall be furnished with a certificate signed by the
chief officer specifying the functions which may be performed by such person
and the area in respect of which those functions may be so performed.
 (7) The chief officer may at any time, with the approval of the Minister,
withdraw any authorization under subsection (5) and shall cause the local
authority concerned to be notified in writing of such withdrawal and of the
date on which it shall take effect.

7. Powers of chief officer and inspectors.

(1) The chief officer or any inspector may in the exercise of his powers or the
performance of his duties or functions under Part II of this Act or under any
regulation made under section thirty-nine or forty-four and subject to the
production, in the case of any such inspector, to the person in charge of the
premises, of the certificate furnished to him under subsection (4) of section
six
(a) without previous notice at any time enter any premises where a
scheduled process is or is suspected to be carried on, and examine any
process in which any noxious or offensive gas is used or produced and
any apparatus for condensing any such gas or otherwise preventing the
discharge thereof into the atmosphere or for rendering any such gas
harmless or inoffensive when discharged;
(b) require from the person in charge of any such premises where a
scheduled process is carried on, the production of the registration
certificate or provisional registration certificate issued in respect of
such premises under section ten of this Act;
(c) apply such tests and take such samples and make such enquiries
and investigations as appear to him to be necessary for the due
performance of his functions under this Act.
(2) Any person who-
(a) falsely holds himself out to be the chief officer or an inspector; or
(b) refuses or fails to answer to the best of his ability any question
lawfully put to him by the chief officer or an inspector in the exercise
of his powers or the performance of his duties or functions under this
section; or
(c) refuses or fails to comply to the best of his ability with any lawful
requirement of the chief officer or an inspector in the exercise of such
powers or the performance of such duties or functions; or
(d) obstructs or interferes with the chief officer or an inspector in the
exercise of such powers or the performance of such duties or functions,
shall be guilty of an offence.
(3) Whenever the chief officer or an inspector or a local authority or any
person in the service of a local authority is alleged to have caused injury to
any person or damage to any property or in any other manner to have
detrimentally affected the rights of any person, whether in respect of property
or otherwise, in the exercise of any power or the performance of any duty or
function under this Act, it shall be a defence in any legal proceedings founded
on such allegation and brought against the State, the chief officer or such
inspector or local authority or person that the chief officer or such inspector,
local authority or person has used the best known or the only or most
practicable available methods and has acted without negligence in the exercise
of the powers or the performance of the duties or functions aforesaid, and a
certificate signed by the Director-General: Environmental Affairs and Tourism
 to the effect that, having regard to all the circumstances, defendant or
respondent has used the best known or the only or the most practicable
methods, shall be accepted by the court as prima facie evidence of that fact.

PART II
CONTROL OF NOXIOUS OR OFFENSIVE GASES

9. Premises on which scheduled process carried on to be registered.

(1) Save as provided in sub-section (4) of section eleven, no person shall
within a controlled area
(a) carry on a scheduled process in or on any premises, unless
(i) he is the holder of a current registration certificate
authorizing him to carry on that process in or on those
premises; or
(ii) in the case of a person who was carrying on any such
process in or on any premises immediately prior to the date of
publication of the notice by virtue of which the area in question
is a controlled area, he has within three months after that date
applied for the issue to him of a registration certificate
authorizing the carrying on of that process in or on those
premises, and his application has not been refused; or
(b) erect or cause to be erected any building or plant, or alter or extend
or cause to be altered or extended any existing building or plant, which
is intended to be used for the purpose of carrying on any scheduled
process in or on any premises, unless he is the holder of a provisional
registration certificate authorizing the erection, alteration or extension
of that building or plant for the said purpose; or
(c) alter or extend or cause to be altered or extended an existing
building or plant in respect of which a current registration certificate
has been issued unless he has, before taking steps to bring about the
proposed alteration or extension, applied to the chief officer for
provisional registration of the proposed alteration or extension or
unless such alteration or extension will not affect the escape into the
atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases produced by the scheduled
process in question.
(2) Any person who contravenes any provision of sub-section (1) shall
be guilty of an offence.

10. Application for and issue of registration certificates and provisional

registration certificates.
(1) An application for a registration certificate or a provisional registration
certificate under section nine shall be lodged with the chief officer in the
prescribed form and shall be accompanied by such information as may be
prescribed.
(2) The chief officer shall after consideration of any such application
(a) in the case of an application under sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph
(a) of sub-section (1) of the said section
(i) if he is satisfied that the best practicable means are being
adopted for preventing or reducing to a minimum the escape
 into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases produced or
likely to be produced by the scheduled process in question,
grant the application and issue to the applicant a registration
certificate in the form prescribed; or
(ii) if he is not so satisfied, by notice in writing require the
applicant to take the necessary steps within a period specified
in the notice for preventing or reducing to a minimum the
escape into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases
produced or likely to be produced by the said scheduled
process;
(b) in the case of an application under paragraph (b) or (c) of the said
subsection, and subject to the provisions of subsection (4)
(i) if he is satisfied in regard to the matters referred to in
subparagraph (i) of paragraph (a) of this subsection, grant the
application and issue to the applicant a provisional registration
certificate in the form prescribed; or
(ii) if he is not so satisfied, by notice in writing advise the
applicant to take the necessary steps of the nature contemplated
in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (a), within a period specified
in the notice, in order that he may be so satisfied.
(3) An applicant who has complied with the requirements of any notice under
subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (a) or subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (b) of
subsection (2), within the period specified in that notice or within such further
period as the chief officer may allow, shall, subject to the provisions of
subsection (4), be entitled to the issue to him of a registration certificate or a
provisional registration certificate, as the case may be.
(4) No provisional registration certificate shall be issued under this section,
unless the chief officer is satisfied that the scheduled process in question may
reasonably be permitted to be carried on in the locality affected, having regard
to the nature of that process, the character of the locality in question, the
purposes for which other premises in such locality are used and any other
consideration which in his opinion have a bearing on the matter, and that the
carrying on of that process in or on the premises in question would not be in
conflict with any town-planning scheme in operation or in course of
preparation in respect of such locality.
(5) In the case of an application under paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of
section nine the chief officer shall consult the local authority, if any, in whose
area of jurisdiction the proposed scheduled process will be in operation and
any local authority in whose area of jurisdiction there are residents who may
in the opinion of the chief officer be affected by the carrying on of the
scheduled process to which the application relates, and shall record and
consider the opinion and recommendation of such local authority or
authorities.

11. Period of validity and conditions of provisional certificate.

(1) A provisional registration certificate shall, subject to the provisions of
subsection (3), be valid for such period as may be determined by the chief officer
and specified in that certificate, and the chief officer may, if he is satisfied that
good reasons exist for doing so, from time to time extend the period of validity of
any such certificate.
 (2) Every provisional registration certificate shall specify
(a) the situation and extent of the proposed building or plant to which
the certificate relates;
(b) the nature of the scheduled process intended to be carried on;
(c) the raw materials intended to be used, the nature of the operations
intended to be carried out and the products intended to be produced;
(d) the appliances intended to be installed and any other measures
intended to be taken with a view to preventing or reducing to a
minimum the escape into the atmosphere of any noxious or offensive
gases likely to be produced by the operations intended to be carried on;
and
(e) the proposed measures for the purification of the effluents
discharged from appliances installed for preventing or reducing to a
minimum the escape into the atmosphere of any noxious or offensive
gases from the processes that will be in operation, and for the
prevention of the release of noxious or offensive constituents from
such effluents when they come into contact with other effluents in
drains or drainage canals.
(3) If any building or plant in respect of which a provisional registration
certificate has been issued, is, within the period specified in subsection (1), or
within such further period as the chief officer may allow, completed to the
satisfaction of the chief officer in accordance with the particulars specified in
that certificate, the chief officer shall, on application by the holder of that
certificate, issue to him a registration certificate in the prescribed form
authorizing the carrying on of the scheduled process to which that provisional
registration certificate relates in or on the premises in respect of which such
provisional registration certificate was issued, and thereupon such provisional
registration certificate shall lapse.
(4) The holder of a provisional registration certificate may carry on in or on
the premises to which that certificate relates any process specified in such
certificate, and the provisions of section twelve shall mutatis mutandis apply
with reference to the carrying on of such process in or on those premises.

12. Conditions of registration certificates.

(1) A registration certificate shall be subject to the condition that all plant and
apparatus used for the purpose of carrying on the scheduled process in
question and all appliances for preventing or reducing to a minimum the
escape into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases, shall at all times be
properly maintained and operated and that the holder of the certificate shall
ensure that all other necessary measures are taken to prevent the escape into
the atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases: Provided that in applying the
provisions of this subsection due allowance shall be made for the unavoidable
escape into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases during the starting up
of any plant or apparatus in respect of which the registration certificate was
issued or during the period of any breakdown or shutting down or disturbance
of such apparatus or plant.
(2) The chief officer may at any time by notice in writing require the holder of
any such certificate to take steps to ensure the more effective operation of the
appliances provided for in such certificate for the prevention of the escape into
 the atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases produced by the scheduled
process to which the certificate relates.
(3) (a) The chief officer may at any time by notice in writing require the
holder of any such certificate to take such steps as may be reasonable, having
regard to the cost involved, to ensure the more effective prevention of the
escape into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive gases, produced by the
scheduled process to which the certificate relates, by means of some other or
improved process or equipment specified in such notice.
(b) Any such holder shall be allowed a reasonable period within which
to take any steps specified in the relevant notice.
(4) If the holder of a registration certificate fails to comply with the conditions
referred to in subsection (1) or any requirement under subsection (2) or (3), the
chief officer may by notice in writing call upon such holder to comply with
such conditions or requirement within a reasonable period specified in the
notice, and in the event of failure on the part of such holder to comply with the
said conditions or requirement within the period so specified, the chief officer
may cancel the registration certificate or suspend the operation thereof for
such period as he may deem fit.

13. Appeals from decisions of chief officer.

(1) (a) Any person who is aggrieved by a decision of the chief officer
refusing an application for a registration certificate or a provisional
registration certificate or cancelling or suspending a registration certificate or
provisional registration certificate or imposing any requirement under
subsection (2) or (3) of section 12, may within one month appeal against such
decision to the board, which shall have power to make such order on the
appeal as it may consider equitable.
(b) Any person who so appeals may continue to carry on the
scheduled process to which such appeal relates pending the decision of
the board on such appeal, if such scheduled process was being carried
on prior to the decision of the chief officer or the imposition by him of
the requirement which is the subject of the appeal, and if the chief
officer has been satisfied that the escape into the atmosphere of gases
produced by the said process is not, or is not likely to give rise to, a
danger to the health of man, and has granted permission that the
carrying on of that process be continued.
(2) If a provisional registration certificate is granted under paragraph (b) of
subsection (1) of section nine, notwithstanding an objection by a local
authority referred to in subsection (5) of section ten, such local authority may
within one month appeal against the decision of the chief officer to the board
which shall have power to make such order on any such appeal as it may
consider equitable and whose decision shall be final.
(3) Any person who lodges an appeal under subsection (1) or (2) shall submit
with his appeal written arguments or explanations of the grounds of his appeal
and may further appear before the board in person or through a representative
(who shall be an attorney or an advocate) and cause any evidence to be
tendered or any argument or explanation to be submitted to the board in
support of the written arguments or explanations of his grounds of appeal.
 PART III
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY SMOKE

14. Application of this Part.

(1) The provisions of this Part, excluding the provisions of section 14A, shall
apply only in areas in which the Minister has, after consultation with the
Minister of Trade and Industry, by notice in the Gazette declared them to be
applicable, and with effect from such date in the case of any such area as may
be specified in the relevant notice.
(2) Save as provided in subsection (6), no such notice shall be issued in
respect of any area or part of an area under the jurisdiction of a local authority
except with the concurrence of that local authority.
(3) Subject to the provisions of sub-sections (4) and (6), the powers conferred
by this Part upon local authorities shall in respect of any area under the
jurisdiction of a local authority which is the subject of a notice under
subsection (1), be exercised by that local authority, unless the Minister has in
consultation with the Minister of Finance and after consultation with the said
local authority, by notice in the Gazette directed that the said powers shall be
exercised by the chief officer.
(4) The Minister may at the request of any local authority by notice in the
Gazette direct that the powers which may in terms of subsection (3) be
exercised by that local authority, shall be exercised by the chief officer, and
may in that event recover from that local authority such costs incurred by the
chief officer in the exercise of the said powers as may be determined by
agreement between the Minister, acting in consultation with the Minister of
Finance, and such local authority.
(5) Where any notice under subsection (1) is issued in respect of any area
which is not under the jurisdiction of a local authority, the Minister may in
that notice or by subsequent notice in the Gazette
(a) direct that the powers conferred by this Part upon local authorities
be exercised in respect of such area by the chief officer; or
(b) if such area adjoins the area under the jurisdiction of a local
authority, authorize that local authority to exercise the said powers in
respect of such area.
(6) If after consideration of a report submitted to him by the committee in
pursuance of any enquiry made by it the Minister is satisfied that smoke
emanating from any premises is causing a nuisance the Minister may
(a) if the premises from which the smoke emanates are situated within
an area in which the provisions of this Part have in terms of subsection
(1) been declared to be applicable, and within the area of jurisdiction
of a local authority, and in the opinion of the Minister that local
authority has not taken or is not taking reasonable steps with a view to
preventing the continuation of the nuisance, by notice in the Gazette
direct that the powers conferred by this Part upon local authorities
shall, in respect of the said area, be exercised wholly, or to the extent
specified in the notice, by the chief officer;
(b) if the said premises are not situated within an area in which those
provisions have been so declared to be applicable, by notice in the
Gazette declare the provisions of this Part to be applicable in such area
as he may consider necessary to permit of effective action being taken
 in accordance with the said provisions in order to prevent the
continuation of the nuisance;
(c) in any notice under paragraph (b) or by subsequent notice in the
Gazette direct that the powers conferred by this Part upon local
authorities shall in respect of the area which is the subject of such first-
mentioned notice be exercised wholly, or to the extent specified in the
notice, by the chief officer;
(d) where any powers are in terms of a notice under this subsection
exercised by the chief officer in the area of jurisdiction of any local
authority, recover in consultation with the Minister of Finance, the
costs incurred in connection with the exercise of such powers from that
local authority.
(7) The Minister may at any time by notice in the Gazette withdraw or amend
any notice issued under subsection (6).
(8) The Minister may, after consultation with the committee, by notice in the
Gazette
(a) withdraw any notice under subsection (1) or include any area
within the area to which that notice relates or exclude therefrom any
area which is included therein;
(b) withdraw any notice under subsection (3), (4) or (5) and issue any
other notice under subsection (5) in respect of the area or any part of
the area to which any notice under that subsection relates: Provided
that no notice under subsection (3) or (4) or paragraph (b) of
subsection (5) shall be withdrawn except after consultation with the
local authority concerned.
(9) Any reference in this Part to a local authority shall
(a) in relation to any area in respect of which any powers are by virtue
of a notice under subsection (3) or (4) or paragraph (a) of subsection
(5) required to be exercised by the chief officer, be construed as a
reference to the chief officer; and
(b) in relation to an area in respect of which a local authority has under
paragraph (b) of sub-section (5) been authorized to exercise the powers
conferred upon local authorities by this Part, be construed as a
reference to that local authority.
(10) Whenever any notice issued under this section has the effect of vesting
(a) in the chief officer any powers which prior to the date on which the
notice came into operation were vested in a local authority; or
(b) in a local authority any powers which prior to that date were vested
in the chief officer,
any order duly issued or other action duly taken prior to the said date
by the authority which was then competent to make such order or take
such action shall be deemed to have been duly issued or taken by the
authority which has become competent to issue such order or to take
such action by virtue of the notice.

14A. Prohibition of manufacture or import of certain fuel burning appliances

and parts therefore.
(1) No person shall manufacture or import
 (a) any fuel burning appliance for use in a dwelling-house which does
not comply with the requirements prescribed by regulation under
section 44; or
(b) any part for such an appliance which does not comply with the
requirements so prescribed,
unless he has previously obtained written authority for the manufacture
or import thereof from the chief officer.
(2) The chief officer may in his discretion grant or refuse the authority referred
to in subsection (1), and any such authority shall be subject to such conditions
as may be prescribed by regulation under section 44 and to such
supplementary conditions as may be determined by the chief officer and set
out in the authority concerned.
(3) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) or
manufactures or imports any fuel burning appliance for use in a dwelling-
house or any part for such an appliance contrary to any condition
contemplated in sub-section (2), shall be guilty of an offence.

15. Installation of fuel burning appliances.

(1) No person shall install or cause or permit to be installed in or on any
premises
(a) any fuel burning appliance, unless such appliance is so far as is
reasonably practicable capable of being operated continuously without
emitting dark smoke or smoke of a colour darker than may be
prescribed by regulation: Provided that in applying the provisions of
this paragraph due allowance shall be made for the unavoidable
emission of dark smoke or smoke of a colour darker than may be so
prescribed during the starting up of the said appliance or during the
period of any breakdown or disturbance of such appliance; or
(b) any fuel burning appliance designed
(i) to burn pulverised solid fuel; or
(ii) to burn solid fuel in any form at a rate of one hundred
kilograms or more per hour; or
(iii) to subject solid fuel to any process involving the
application of heat, unless such appliance is provided with
effective appliances to limit the emission of grit and dust to the
satisfaction of the local authority or the chief officer, as the
case may be.
(2) No person shall install any fuel burning appliance in respect of which sub-
section (1) applies, in or on any premises unless prior notice in writing has
been given to the local authority or the chief officer, as the case may be, of the
proposed installation of such appliance.
(3) The provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) shall not apply
(a) in respect of the installation of any fuel burning appliance in any
dwelling/house; or
(b) in respect of any fuel burning appliance if the installation thereof
was commenced or any agreement for the acquisition thereof was
entered into prior to the fixed date.
(4) In this section and in sections sixteen and eighteen
(a) appliance means any one mechanical stoker or any one burner on
which there may be more than one stoker, but does not include a single
 chimney through which the products of several burners or furnaces
may be discharged; and
(b) stoker means any mechanism or other means intended for feeding
fuel into any place for the purpose of burning it in such place; and
(c) burner means any furnace, combustion chamber, grate or other
place to which fuel is fed by one or more stokers or manually for the
purpose of burning such fuel in such furnace, combustion chamber,
grate or other place.
(5) A fuel burning appliance which has been installed in accordance with plans
and specifications approved by the local authority concerned, shall not for the
purposes of subsection (1) be deemed to have been installed in contravention
of the provisions of that subsection, but nothing in this subsection shall be
construed as precluding any action under section seventeen or nineteen in
respect of any such fuel burning appliance.
(6) Any person who contravenes the provisions of subsection (1) or (2) shall
be guilty of an offence.

16. Siting of fuel burning appliances and construction of chimneys.

(1) No local authority shall approve of any plan which provides for the
construction of any chimney or other opening for carrying smoke, gases,
vapours, fumes, grit, dust or other final escapes from any building or for the
installation of any fuel burning appliance, unless it is satisfied
(a) in the case of any such chimney or other opening, that the height
thereof will as far as practicable be sufficient to prevent smoke or any
other product of combustion from becoming prejudicial to health or a
nuisance to occupiers of premises in the surrounding areas; or
(b) in the case of any such fuel burning appliance, that it is suitably
sited in relation to other premises in the surrounding areas.
(2) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of subsection (1), a local authority may
have regard to
(a) the purpose for which any chimney or other opening in question is
intended;
(b) the provisions contained in any approved draft town-planning
scheme or other requirement having the force of law relating to the use
of land where any chimney is to be constructed;
(c) the position and nature of any other buildings in the surrounding
areas;
(d) the levels of land in the surrounding areas; and
(e) any other matter which in the opinion of the local authority should
be considered.

17. Procedure where smoke or other products of combustion cause nuisance.

(1) If as a result of representations made to it by any occupier of premises
(hereinafter referred to as the affected premises), a local authority is satisfied
that smoke or any other product of combustion emanating from any premises
is a nuisance to the occupier of the affected premises, that local authority shall
cause to be served on the person responsible for such nuisance a notice calling
upon him to abate the nuisance within a period determined by the local
authority after consultation with the chief officer and specified in the notice
 and to take all such steps as may be necessary to prevent a recurrence of the
nuisance.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) smoke which is prejudicial to health or
which adversely affects the reasonable comfort of the occupier or occupiers of
adjoining or nearby premises or which affects the use of such premises for the
purposes for which they are normally permitted to be used, shall be deemed to
be a nuisance and the person responsible for any nuisance referred to in that
subsection shall be
(a) if the nuisance is due to defects in any building erected or adapted
by the owner or a predecessor in title of the premises in question for
the carrying on of the activities giving rise to the nuisance, or to any
plant or appliance installed by the owner or such a predecessor in title
or for the maintenance of which the owner is responsible, the owner of
such premises; and
(b) in any other case, the occupier of such premises.
(3) A notice under subsection (1) may be served
(a) upon the owner of any premises, by delivering it to him or his agent
or transmitting it by post under registered cover to him or his agent at
his last known address or the last known address of such agent, as the
case may be, or, if his address and the address of his agent are
unknown, at the address where the premises are situated;
(b) upon the occupier of the premises, by delivering it to such occupier
or his agent or transmitting it by post to such occupier under registered
cover at the address where the premises are situated.
(4) Any person who fails to comply with any notice under subsection (1) shall be
guilty of an offence, and the court convicting any person of any such offence,
shall, apart from any penalty which may be imposed in respect of that offence,
order the person convicted to take such steps as may be necessary to prevent a
recurrence of the nuisance within a period determined by the court.
(5) Where it is necessary in order to comply with any notice under subsection (1)
for the person upon whom such notice is served to carry out any works or install
any appliances, he may apply to any court having jurisdiction for an order
directing the owner of the affected premises to contribute towards the cost of
carrying out such works or installing such appliances.
(6) On an application under subsection (5) the court may, if it is satisfied that the
relevant building on the affected premises was erected after the process from
which the smoke or other products giving rise to the nuisance emanates, was put
into operation and that it is equitable to require the owner of the affected
premises to pay or contribute a share of the cost of carrying out the work or
installing the appliances in question, order him to pay such cost or contribute
such share as it may determine towards such cost, as the court may in the
circumstances consider equitable, but not exceeding the amount by which the
value of the premises will be enhanced in consequence of the removal of the
nuisance.
(7) If within a period of one month after the conviction of any person charged
with an offence under subsection (4), steps have not been taken to the
satisfaction of the local authority concerned with a view to the abatement of the
nuisance which gave rise to the conviction, the local authority may itself execute
such works and install such appliances and take such other steps as it may
consider necessary to abate such nuisance and recover the cost thereby incurred
 from the person convicted: Provided that if any person has under subsection (6)
been ordered to pay or contribute towards the cost involved in abating the
nuisance, the local authority may in its discretion recover from that person so
much of the amount, if any, which that person is in terms of the order required to
pay, as remains unpaid, and such person shall in that event be discharged from
liability under the order to the extent of the amount so recovered.

18. Smoke control regulations.

(1) A local authority may make regulations
(a) prohibiting the emission or emanation from any premises of smoke
which is of a darker colour or greater density or content than is
specified in such regulations after the appliance or appliances from
which such smoke emanates have been started but excluding specified
periods during which a furnace is being overhauled or the period of
any breakdown or disturbance;
(b) prohibiting the installation in any premises or the alteration or
extension of any fuel burning appliance which does not comply with
such requirements as may be specified in such regulations or
determined by a person authorized thereto by or in accordance with
such regulations or otherwise than in accordance with and subject to
such conditions as may be so specified or determined;
(c) requiring or authorizing the removal of any fuel burning appliance
which has been installed, extended or altered or is being used in
contravention of any such regulation or otherwise than in accordance
with any condition imposed by or under any such regulation;
(d) prohibiting the use or sale for use of solid fuel or the use in a
dwelling-house of any fuel burning appliance which does not comply
with such requirements as may be specified in the regulations or
determined by a person authorized thereto by or in accordance with
such regulations, except in such cases and on such conditions as may
be so specified or determined;
(e) prescribing the records to be kept and the returns to be rendered to
the local authority by any person who has in his possession or under
his control any fuel burning appliance, as to the quantity, nature and
type of fuel consumed by such appliance, and the form in which such
records shall be kept and the form in which and the times at which
such returns shall be rendered;
(f) providing for the inspection of fuel burning appliances, whether or
not installed in any premises, and the powers and functions of persons
engaged in such inspection;
(g) requiring the owner or occupier of any premises in or on which any
fuel burning appliance is used, or in or on which any fuel or any fuel of
a particular type is consumed at the rate or above the rate specified in
the regulations, to install, maintain and use at his own expense such
apparatus as may be specified in such regulations or determined by the
local authority or a person designated by it or specified in the
regulations, for the purpose of indicating or recording the colour,
density or content of such smoke as may be emitted by such appliance
or as may emanate from the premises in or on which it is used or may
be emitted by the fuel so consumed, and for the purpose of facilitating
 the observance of such smoke with a view to determining its colour,
density or content, and requiring such owner or occupier to make
available to the local authority any results recorded by or ascertained
by means of such apparatus;
(h) prescribing such requirements in respect of the provision of heating
or cooking facilities in buildings as the local authority may consider
necessary for reducing to a minimum the emanation of smoke from
such buildings, and prohibiting the installation in any building of any
appliances other than specified types of appliances or any appliances
which do not comply with the requirements so prescribed;
(i) providing for the constitution, functions and procedure of any
committee established under section twenty-two;
(j) prescribing the manner in which appeals under section 22 (3) shall
be submitted, the amount, if any, to be deposited with the local
authority in respect of any such appeal, and the procedure for dealing
with any such appeal, and providing for the refund of any amount so
deposited if the appeal is successful; and
(k) generally for the effective control of the emission or emanation of
smoke from any premises.
(2) Different regulations may be made under subsection (1) in respect of
different parts of the area under the control of a local authority or different
classes of premises or premises used for different purposes or in respect of
different times or of different periods of the year, and any such regulations
may provide for exemption from compliance therewith in such cases and
under such circumstances and on such conditions as may be prescribed in such
regulations.
(3) Any such regulations may provide that for the purpose of determining the
density of smoke, use shall be made of the chart set out in the First Schedule
or of any other method of determination specified in such regulations.
(4) Such regulations may provide for penalties for any contravention thereof
or failure to comply therewith, but not exceeding, in the case of a first offence,
a fine of two hundred rand or, in default of payment, imprisonment for a
period of six months and in the case of a second or subsequent offence, a fine
of one thousand rand or, in default of payment, imprisonment for a period of
one year.
(5) No such regulation shall have any force or effect unless it has been
approved by the Minister on the recommendation of the committee (and in the
case of any regulations under paragraph (d) or (h) of subsection (1) also after
consultation with the Minister of Trade and Industry), and has been
promulgated by the Minister by notice in the Gazette.

19. Procedure in event of contravention of regulations.

(1) If smoke is emitted or emanates from any premises in contravention of any
regulation made under section eighteen, the local authority concerned may,
subject to the provisions of subsection (3), cause to be served on the owner or
occupier of such premises, a notice in writing calling upon him to bring about,
within a period specified in the notice, the cessation of the emission or
emanation of such smoke from those premises.
(2) Such a notice may be served by delivering it to the owner or occupier
concerned personally or to the person in charge of the premises in question or
 by transmitting it to such owner or occupier by post under registered cover at
the address at which such premises are situated, describing him by name or as
the owner or occupier of those premises.
(3) No such notice shall be served in respect of any premises in or on which a
scheduled process is being carried on, except after consultation with the chief
officer.
(4) In determining the period to be specified in any such notice, the local
authority shall have regard to the nature and magnitude of the measures to be
taken in order to comply with the notice.
(5) Any person who fails to comply with any such notice, shall be guilty of an
offence.
(6) (a) If after the expiration of a period of one month from the date of the
conviction of any person of an offence under subsection (5), steps have not
been taken to the satisfaction of the local authority concerned to comply with
the relevant notice, that local authority may cause such works to be undertaken
and such appliances to be installed and such other measures to be taken as it
may consider necessary to bring about the cessation of the emission or
emanation of the smoke which was the subject of the notice, and recover the
cost incurred from the person upon whom the notice was served.
(b) Any amount recoverable under paragraph (a), together with interest
thereon calculated at the rate of six per cent per annum with effect
from the date upon which such amount became due, shall,
notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any law contained, form a
first charge against the land upon which the premises in question are
situated, and shall rank in priority to all other debts whatsoever other
than expenses, costs, fees and charges referred to in section eighty-nine
of the Insolvency Act, 1936 (Act No. 24 of 1936).
(7) The fact that any regulation made under section eighteen defines the
permissible density or colour of smoke by reference to the chart set out in the
First Schedule, shall not prevent any court from determining on other evidence
submitted to it, the density or colour of smoke for the purposes of any
proceedings under that section whether or not there has been any comparison
with the said chart.

20. Establishment of smoke control zones.

(1) A local authority may by order confirmed by the Minister after
consultation with the committee, and promulgated by the Minister by notice in
the Gazette
(a) declare the area within its jurisdiction or any part of that area to be
a smoke control zone; and
(b) prohibit the emanation or emission from any premises in that zone
of smoke of a darker colour or greater density or content than is
specified in the order.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the area under the jurisdiction of a local
authority includes any area in respect of which that local authority is
empowered to exercise any powers under this Act.
(3) An order under subsection (1)
(a) may apply to all premises or to specified premises or classes of
premises or to premises used for specified purposes or for purposes
other than specified purposes;
 (b) may prescribe different requirements in respect of different
portions of a smoke control zone or for different classes of premises or
for premises used for specified purposes or for purposes other than
specified purposes and premises not so used;
(c) may provide for exemption, on such conditions as may be specified
in the order, from the provisions thereof in respect of specified
premises or classes of premises or premises used for specified purposes
or for purposes other than specified purposes and premises not so used,
or in respect of specified fuel burning appliances or types of such
appliances; and
(d) may provide for the operation of any regulation made under section
eighteen to be suspended in respect of any area in respect of which the
order applies.
(4) Before submitting an application to the Minister for confirmation of an
order in terms of subsection (1), the local authority shall publish in three
consecutive issues of an Afrikaans newspaper and in three consecutive issues
of an English newspaper circulating in its area of jurisdiction, a notice in
Afrikaans and English, respectively, of its intention to make such application,
and
(a) stating the general effect of the order;
(b) describing the area to which the order is to apply; and
(c) stating that within one month after the date of the first publication
of such notice any person may object to the confirmation of the order
by giving notice in writing to the Minister and sending a copy of the
notice so given to the town clerk concerned.
(5) (a) Where any objection is so lodged, the Minister may, if he considers
it advisable to do so, refer the objection to any sub-committee appointed under
section four in respect of the area in question or, if there is no such sub-
committee, to the committee or to a special committee consisting of one or
more persons appointed by the Minister, for enquiry into and report upon the
advisability or otherwise of confirming the order, and if an objection is so
referred, the order in question shall not be confirmed by the Minister until he
has received and considered the report of the sub-committee or the committee
or special committee to which the objection has been referred.
(b) Notice that any such objection has been referred to any sub-
committee or the committee or any special committee, and of the
subject matter of the enquiry to be undertaken by such sub-committee
or the committee or such special committee, shall be published in
Afrikaans and English, respectively, in an Afrikaans newspaper and in
an English newspaper circulating in the area of the local authority
concerned together with a notification that the person who lodged the
relevant objection may, subject to the approval of the sub-committee or
the committee or special committee to which the objection has been
referred, submit representations in connection with the objection to
such sub-committee or the committee or such special commi ttee.
(6) Subject to the provisions of subsection (4), the Minister may confirm any
such order either with or without modification, or may refuse to confirm such
order, and where the order is confirmed, notice of the confirmation, and of the
general effect of the order as so confirmed, shall be published by the local
authority in Afrikaans and in English, respectively, in an Afrikaans newspaper
 and in an English newspaper circulating in the area of jurisdiction of the local
authority.
(7) Any expenses incurred by the Minister under this section shall be defrayed
by the local authority.
(8) An order which has been confirmed by the Minister shall come into
operation on a date to be determined by the Minister and specified in the
notice by which the order is promulgated, not being a date earlier than nine
months from the date on which the order was confirmed.
(9) An order under this section may contain such provisions as the Minister
may consider expedient
(a) for enabling the occupier of any premises within the area to which
the order relates who has to incur expense in executing works or
providing, altering or adapting fixtures, fittings or appliances for the
purpose of complying with the order, to enter into and fulfil
agreements with the owner of such premises, making such variations
of the terms of the lease or tenancy of the premises as may be
reasonable having regard to the expense to be incurred and other
relevant circumstances; and
(b) for enabling any such occupier who is unable to make an agreement
with the owner concerned under paragraph (a) of this subsection to
apply to any competent court for an order making such variation of the
terms of the lease or tenancy of the premises as aforesaid, and for
enabling the court to make such an order.
(10) An order under subsection (1) may be amended or withdrawn by another
order made by the local authority and confirmed by the Minister, and such
order shall be promulgated by the Minister by notice in the Gazette, and the
provisions of subsections (3) to (7) inclusive shall mutatus mutandis apply
with reference to any amendment of such an order.
(11) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of any
order under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.
(12) Where any exemption is granted in terms of paragraph (c) of subsection
(3) on the condition that a particular type of fuel is to be used, it shall in
proceedings for an offence under this section be a defence to prove that the
emission of smoke was not caused by the use of any fuel other than that
authorized.
(13) (a) A local authority may, either alone or jointly with one or more
other local authorities, appoint as many full-time smoke control officers as the
Minister may approve, to enforce compliance, within its area of jurisdiction,
with any order under subsection (1) (b).
(b) The Minister may, out of moneys appropriated by Parliament for
the purpose, refund to a local authority such portion of the salary of
any such full-time smoke control officer approved by the Minister and
paid by it as is prescribed by regulation under section 44 (dB).
(c) The refund of a portion of a salary in terms of paragraph (b) shall
be discontinued with effect from the date from which no order under
subsection (1) (a) applies any longer in respect of the local authority
concerned.

21. Contracts for the supply of fuel.

 A local authority may, notwithstanding the provisions of any law, with the
consent of the Premier of the province in which the area of such local
authority is situated and of the Minister of Trade and Industry and the Minister
in such a manner and subject to such conditions as it may deem fit, enter into a
contract with any natural person or any body corporate for the supply, by such
person or body to users, of any fuel which will facilitate or render possible the
application of or compliance with the regulations made by such local authority
in terms of this Part, and may, subject to such consent, without prejudice to its
general powers under this section, indemnify or guarantee any producer or
supplier of fuel against any loss, or itself act as wholesale or retail dealer in
such fuel or make a contribution towards the cost of producing such fuel or the
cost of establishing an industry for the production of such fuel.

22. Delegation of powers by local authority.

(1) A local authority may in such manner and subject to such conditions as it
may think fit, delegate to any of its officers or servants, or to any committee
constituted as provided in subsection (2), any of the powers conferred on it by
this Part, except the powers conferred by section eighteen or twenty.
(2) Any such committee may consist
(a) wholly of members of the governing body of the local authority; or
(b) partly of such members and partly of officials of such governing
body; or
(c) wholly of such officials; or
(d) wholly of persons who are not such members or officials; or
(e) partly of such members or officials and partly of persons who are
not such members or officials.
(3) Any person upon whom any notice is served under section seventeen or
nineteen by an officer or servant of a local authority by virtue of a delegation
under subsection (1) of this section, may within fourteen days after receipt of
such notice, appeal to the local authority which shall have power to confirm or
withdraw the notice.

23. Power to enter upon premises.

(1) A local authority may authorize any person to enter any premises, except the
explosives area of any explosives factory, for the purpose of making any
investigation in connection with the emission or emanation of smoke or in
connection with any fuel burning appliance, or for the purpose of executing any
work or taking any steps which the local authority is authorized by this Act to
execute or take: Provided that no such person shall enter any part of a building
used for residential purposes without the consent of the occupier thereof.
(2) Any such person shall be provided with a certificate signed by an officer
designated by the local authority and indicating that he has been so authorized.
(3) Subject to the proviso to subsection (1), any person who fails to give or
refuses admission to a person so authorized after the production by that person of
the certificate issued to him under subsection (2), or who obstructs or interferes
with any such person in the performance of his functions under this section, shall
be guilty of an offence.

24. Information to be supplied to local authorities.

(1) A local authority may by notice in writing served on
 (a) the owner or occupier of any premises from which smoke is emitted
or emanates, require such owner or occupier to furnish within the time
and to the officer of such local authority specified in the notice, such
information as to the fuel burning appliances in such premises and the
fuel or waste burned in such appliances as the local authority may
require;
(b) any person selling fuel within its area of jurisdiction, require such
person to furnish within the time and to the official specified in the
notice
(i) such information as to the quantity, type and source of the
fuel sold by such person as may be specified in the notice; and
(ii) information as to the quantity, type and source of every
quantity of not less than five tons of fuel sold by him to any
single buyer on any one occasion, and the address at which the
fuel sold was delivered.
(2) Any person who fails to comply with any such notice or who in reply to such
a notice knowingly furnishes any information which is false or misleading in any
material respect, shall be guilty of an offence.

25. Appeals.
(1) Any person upon whom a notice has been served under section 17 or 19 by a
local authority or who is aggrieved by the decision of a local authority on appeal
to it under subsection (3) of section 22, may within 30 days after the date on
which such notice was served or such decision was given, appeal against that
notice or decision to the regional appeal board established under subsection (1)
of section 5 for the area in question, which may confirm or set aside such notice
or decision, but subject to a right of appeal to the board, provided notice of
intention so to appeal is given to the board and the regional appeal board
concerned within 14 days after the decision of such regional appeal board was
received.
(2) The operation of any notice or the enforcement of any decision of a local
authority which is the subject of an appeal under subsection (1) shall be
suspended pending the decision of the relevant regional appeal board or the
board, as the case may be, on the appeal.
(3) Any person who lodges an appeal under subsection (1) shall submit with his
appeal written arguments or explanations of the grounds of his appeal and may
further appear before the relevant regional appeal board or the board, as the case
may be, in person or through a representative (who shall be an attorney or an
advocate) and cause any evidence to be tendered or any argument or explanation
to be submitted to such regional appeal board or the board, as the case may be, in
support of the written arguments or explanations of his grounds of appeal.

26. Expenditure by local authority.

A local authority may incur expenditure in connection with the exercise of the
powers and the performance of the functions conferred or imposed upon it by
this Act, and may
(a) with the approval of the Premier of the province concerned, given after
consideration of a recommendation to that effect from the committee or a sub-
committee thereof, incur expenditure out of its revenue and, where any loan
has been authorized, out of moneys borrowed by the local authority, for the
 purpose of making loans or grants to persons in connection with the
installation or improvement of fuel burning appliances and equipment
designed to prevent or minimize the emission of smoke or of electrical or
other equipment in the stead of such appliances;
(b) undertake or contribute towards the cost of investigations and research
relevant to the problem of atmospheric pollution;
(c) arrange for the publication of information on the problem of atmospheric
pollution and for the delivery of lectures and addresses and the holding of
discussions thereon.

PART IV
DUST CONTROL

27. Dust control areas.

(1) The Minister may, after consideration of a report by the committee and
after consultation with the Minister of Trade and Industry, by notice in the
Gazette
(a) declare any area to be a dust control area for the purposes of this
Act;
(b) include any area in or exclude any area from a dust control area.
(2) The Minister may, after consideration of a report by the committee, by
notice in the Gazette withdraw any notice under subsection (1).

28. Steps to be taken by certain persons for preventing atmospheric pollution

by dust.
(1) Any person who in a dust control area
(a) carries on any industrial process the operation of which in the
opinion of the chief officer causes or is liable to cause a nuisance to
persons residing or present in the vicinity on account of dust
originating from such process becoming dispersed in the atmosphere;
or
(b) has at any time or from time to time, whether before or after the
commencement of this Act, deposited or caused or permitted to be
deposited on any land a quantity of matter which exceeds or two or
more quantities of matter which together exceed twenty thousand cubic
metres in volume, or such lesser quantity as may be prescribed, and
which in the opinion of the chief officer causes or is liable to cause a
nuisance to persons residing or present in the vicinity of such land on
account of dust originating from such matter becoming dispersed in the
atmosphere,
shall take the prescribed steps or (where no steps have been prescribed)
adopt the best practicable means for preventing such dust from
becoming so dispersed or causing such nuisance.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) the expression best practicable means
includes in any particular case any steps within the meaning of that expression
as defined in section one which may be determined by the chief officer and
specified in a notice signed by him and delivered or transmitted by registered
post to the person who is in terms of the said subsection required to adopt such
means.
 (3) Any person who fails to comply with the provisions of subsection (1) shall
be guilty of an offence.

29. Prevention of atmospheric pollution by dust by owners or occupiers of land

in certain circumstances.
(1) Whenever in the opinion of the chief officer dust originating on any land in a
dust control area and in relation to which the provisions of paragraph (b) of
subsection (1) of section twenty-eight do not apply, is causing a nuisance to
persons residing or present in the vicinity of that land, he may by notice in
writing delivered or transmitted by registered post to the owner or occupier of
the land require such owner or occupier to take the prescribed steps or (where no
steps have been prescribed) adopt the best practicable means for the abatement of
such nuisance.
(2) No requirement shall be imposed under subsection (1) upon an occupier of
land who is not the owner thereof, unless the chief officer is of the opinion that
the dust in question is caused by activities carried on by such occupier or that it
is equitable, having regard to the duration of the period for which he is entitled to
remain in occupation of such land or other relevant circumstances, to require him
to take any steps or adopt any means contemplated in that subsection.
(3) In this section the expression best practicable means has the meaning
assigned thereto in subsection (2) of section twenty-eight.
(4) Any person who fails to comply with the requirements of any notice under
subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.

30. Procedure where special circumstances exist.

(1) If in any case where the provisions of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of
section 28 apply, the person liable to take any steps or adopt any means
prescribed in that subsection is deceased or has (in the case of a corporate body)
ceased to exist, or the Minister is of the opinion that it would in all the
circumstances be impracticable or inequitable to require such person to take such
steps or adopt such means, the Minister may, in consultation with the Minister of
Finance, and after consultation with the Premier of the province in which the
dust control area is situated, the committee and any local authorities which in the
opinion of the Minister may be concerned, cause such steps to be taken or such
means to be adopted by the chief officer or any such local authority which is
willing to do so or by any other person designated by the Minister, and direct that
the cost involved, except so much (if any) as may be paid from any Dust Control
Levy Account which may be established under section 31, shall be paid by the
State, any such local authorities and the owner concerned to such an extent or in
such proportions as may be determined by the Minister in consultation with the
Minister of Finance and after consultation with the said Premier, the committee
and any such local authorities: Provided that the Minister may in consultation
with the Minister of Finance exempt any such local authority or owner from
payment of any amount in respect of such cost if he is of the opinion that such
local authority or owner is not financially in a position to pay such amount or
that it would be impracticable or inequitable to require such local authority or
owner to pay such amount.
(2) The Minister shall cause any such local authority or owner to be advised in
writing of any amount which that local authority or owner is required to pay in
pursuance of any determination under sub-section (1) and of the time at which
 such amount or (if it is to be paid in instalments) any instalment thereof shall be
payable.
(3) Any amount or instalment payable as aforesaid may be recovered from the
local authority or owner concerned by the Minister by action in any competent
court.
(4) Any amount payable as aforesaid by the State shall be paid out of moneys
appropriated by Parliament for the purpose.
(5) For the purposes of this section owner, in relation to land on which any
matter from which dust originates has been deposited at any time in the course of
any mining or prospecting activities, includes any person who is the holder of
(a) rights granted under any law relating to mining or prospecting for
minerals to carry on mining or prospecting activities on the said land;
or
(b) any right to the use of the surface of the land in terms of any such
law.

33. Regulations in regard to dust.

(1) The Minister may, after consideration of a report by the committee, make
regulations
(a) prescribing the steps that shall be taken to prevent the creation of a
nuisance of the nature contemplated in section twenty-eight or twenty-
nine or to prevent the continuation of such a nuisance or to minimize
such a nuisance;
(b) providing for the inspection by the chief officer or an inspector or a
person authorized under subsection (1) of section thirty-four subject to
the production in the case of any such inspector or person, to the
person in charge of the premises, of the certificate referred to in
subsection (2) of section thirty-four of any premises within a dust
control area where in the opinion of the chief officer a nuisance of the
nature referred to in section twenty-eight or twenty-nine exists or may
exist;
(c) prescribing any lesser quantity than twenty thousand cubic yards of
matter in relation to which the provisions of paragraph (b) of
subsection (1) of section twenty-eight shall apply;
(d) prohibiting damage to or regulating the removal of any means
established for the abatement of a dust nuisance or potential dust
nuisance, or any equipment which is used in connection with the
establishment of such means.
(2) Any steps prescribed under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) may vary
according to the nature of any industrial process or any matter deposited on land
in connection with which such steps are prescribed or according to other
circumstances as the Minister may consider necessary.
(3) Regulations under subsection (1) (d) may impose, in respect of a
contravention thereof, financial obligations in connection with the repair or
replacement of the means or equipment concerned.

34. Delegation of powers of inspection.

(1) The chief officer may, with the approval of the Minister, authorize any
person to carry out, subject to the directions of the chief officer, inspections in
 terms of regulations made under paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of section thirty-
three.
(2) Any person who has been authorized under subsection (1) shall be furnished
with a certificate signed by the chief officer specifying the premises in respect of
which he may carry out inspections.
(3) The chief officer or any person so authorized may without previous notice at
any time enter any premises (except the explosives area of an explosives factory)
within a dust control area where in his opinion a nuisance of the nature referred
to in section twenty-eight or twenty-nine exists or may exist: Provided that no
premises under the control of the State shall be so entered without the prior
consent of the person in charge of such premises, which consent shall not be
withheld except for reasons connected with the security of the State.
(4) Any person who fails to give or refuses admission to any such premises to the
chief officer or any person so authorized or who obstructs or interferes with the
chief officer or any such person in the performance of his functions under this
Part, shall be guilty of an offence.
(5) The chief officer may at any time, with the approval of the Minister,
withdraw any authority granted under subsection (1) and shall notify the person
concerned of such withdrawal and of the date on which it shall take effect.

35. Appeals.
(1) Any person who is aggrieved by any notice served upon him or her under this
Part may within 30 days after the date on which such notice was served or within
such extended period as the board may for good and sufficient reason allow,
lodge an appeal with the board against the notice, and the board may thereupon
confirm, modify or set aside such notice.
(2) The operation of any notice which is the subject of an appeal under
subsection (1) shall be suspended pending the decision of the board on such
appeal.
(3) Any person who lodges an appeal under subsection (1) shall submit with his
appeal written arguments or explanations of the grounds of his appeal and may
further appear before the board in person or through a representative (who shall
be an attorney or an advocate) and cause any evidence to be tendered or any
argument or explanation to be submitted to the board in support of the written
arguments or explanations of his grounds of appeal.

PART V
AIR POLLUTION BY FUMES EMITTED BY VEHICLES

36. Application of this Part.

(1) The provisions of this Part shall apply only in an area under the jurisdiction
of a local authority in respect of which they have been declared to be applicable
by the Minister by notice in the Gazette after consultation with the committee
and the Premier of the province in which such area is situated, and with effect
from such date in the case of any such area as may be specified in the relevant
notice.
(2) No such notice shall be issued in respect of any area except with the
concurrence of the local authority having jurisdiction in that area.
 (3) Subject to the provisions of subsection (4), the powers conferred by this Part
on local authorities shall, in respect of any area under the jurisdiction of a local
authority which is the subject of a notice under subsection (1), be exercised by
that local authority.
(4) If after consideration of a report submitted to him by the committee the
Minister is of the opinion that a local authority has not satisfactorily exercised
the powers which it is in terms of subsection (3) required to exercise, the
Minister may, in consultation with the Minister of Finance and after consultation
with that local authority, by notice in the Gazette direct that the said powers shall
be exercised by the chief officer, and may in that event, in consultation with the
Minister of Finance, recover from that local authority the costs incurred by the
chief officer in the exercise of the said powers.
(5) The Minister may, after consultation with the committee, by notice in the
Gazette withdraw any notice issued under this section.
(6) Any reference in this Part to a local authority shall in relation to any area in
respect of which any powers are by virtue of a notice under subsection (4)
required to be exercised by the chief officer, be construed as a reference to the
chief officer.

37. Procedure in event of contravention of regulations.

(1) A person authorized thereto by a local authority may require the driver of any
vehicle on any public road situated within the area under the jurisdiction of that
local authority which is the subject of a notice under section 36 (1) to stop such
vehicle, and may carry out the prescribed examination of any vehicle on such a
road or serve or cause to be served upon the person registered under any law as
the owner of such vehicle a notice in writing calling upon him to make that
vehicle available, within a period and at a place specified in the notice, for the
prescribed examination by the person so authorized or a person designated by
him.
(2) If after examination of any vehicle under subsection (1), the person who
carried out the examination is satisfied that noxious or offensive gases are being
emitted from such vehicle contrary to the provisions of any regulation made
under section 39, such person shall serve or cause to be served on the person
registered under any law as the owner of that vehicle a notice in writing calling
upon him to take the necessary steps for preventing the emission of the said
noxious or offensive gases from that vehicle and to make the vehicle available,
within a period and at a place specified in the notice, for examination by the
person authorized as contemplated in subsection (1), or a person designated by
him.
(3) A notice under this section shall be served on the owner of the vehicle
referred to in the notice by delivering it to him or by transmitting it to him by
registered post at his last known address.
(4) Any person who fails to comply with a requirement or with the provisions of
any notice under this section shall be guilty of an offence.

38. Appeals.
(1) Any person who is aggrieved by any notice served upon him or her under
section 37 (2) may, within 14 days after the date on which such notice was
served or within such further extended period as the board may for good and
 sufficient reason allow, lodge an appeal with the board against the notice, and the
board may thereupon confirm, modify or set aside such notice.
(2) Any person who lodges an appeal under subsection (1) shall submit with his
appeal written arguments or explanations of the grounds of his appeal and may
further appear before the board in person or through a representative (who shall
be an attorney or an advocate) and cause any evidence to be tendered or any
argument or explanation to be submitted to the board in support of the written
arguments or explanations of his grounds of appeal.

39. Regulations.
(1) The Minister may, after considering a report by the committee, make
regulations
(a) prohibiting the use on any public road within any area which is the
subject of a notice under section 36 (1) of any vehicle from which
noxious or offensive gases specified in such regulations or noxious or
offensive gases which are of a darker colour or greater density or
content than is so specified are emitted;
(b) prescribing the steps that shall be taken to prevent the emission
from any vehicle of noxious or offensive gases contrary to any
regulation made under paragraph (a); and
(c) prescribing the methods that shall be applied in order to determine
whether any vehicle emits noxious or offensive gases contrary to any
regulation made under paragraph (a).
(2) Different regulations may be made under subsection (1) in respect of
different classes or categories of vehicles.

40. Delegation of powers of inspection.

(1) Any local authority in respect of whose area of jurisdiction a notice under
subsection (1) of section thirty-six is in operation may authorize any person in its
employ to detain and inspect any vehicle on any public road within such area or
to inspect any vehicle which is the subject of a notice under subsection (2) of
section thirty-seven.
(2) Any person who has been authorized under subsection (1) shall be provided
with a certificate signed by an official designated by the local authority and
indicating that such person has been so authorized.
(3) Any person authorized under subsection (1) may upon production by him, to
the person in charge of the vehicle, of the certificate referred to in subsection
(2)
(a) at any time detain or enter and examine any vehicle on a public
road within the area of jurisdiction of the local authority by which he is
employed if he is of the opinion that such vehicle emits fumes contrary
to any regulation made under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of section
thirty-nine; or
(b) enter and examine any vehicle which is the subject of a notice
under subsection (2) of section thirty-seven.
(4) Any person who fails to stop a vehicle on a public road as aforesaid when so
requested by any person authorized under subsection (1) or who fails to give or
refuses admission to such vehicle to any person so authorized or who obstructs
or interferes with any person so authorized in the performance of his functions
under this section, shall be guilty of an offence.
 PART VI
GENERAL PROVISIONS

41. Disclosure of information.

(1) No person shall disclose any information relating to any manufacturing
process or trade secret used in carrying on any particular undertaking which has
been furnished to or obtained by him under this Act unless the disclosure is
made
(a) with the consent of the person carrying on that undertaking; or
(b) in connection with the performance of his functions under this Act;
or
(c) for the purpose of legal proceedings arising out of this Act.
(2) Any person who discloses any information in contravention of the provisions
of subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.

42. Court may authorize works and order payments.

If works are reasonably necessary in or in connection with a building, in order to
enable the building to be used for any particular purpose without contravention
of any of the provisions of this Act or any regulations made thereunder, the
occupier of the building may
(a) if by reason of a restriction affecting his interest in the building he
is unable to carry out the works without the consent of the owner of the
building or some other person interested therein, and is unable to
obtain such consent, apply to any competent court for an order
authorizing him to carry out such works; and
(b) if he considers that the whole or any portion of the cost of carrying
out the works should be borne by the owner of the building or some
other person interested therein, apply to such court for an order
directing such owner or other person to pay such cost or such portion
thereof,
and the said court may on any such application make such order as
may appear to it to be just and equitable in the circumstances.

43. Right of entry upon land, etc.

(1) The chief officer or any local authority or any person acting under the
authority of the chief officer or a local authority or any person designated under
subsection (1) of section thirty-four may enter upon any land, not being land
which constitutes the explosives area of any explosives factory, and take with
him such assistants, workmen, vehicles, appliances, instruments and materials as
he may consider necessary for the purpose of carrying out any powers, duties or
functions, or undertaking any work contemplated in this Act.
(2) Any person so designated entering upon land shall on demand by the person
in charge of the land produce the certificate issued to him under subsection (2) of
section thirty-four.
(3) Any person who has been authorized under subsection (1) shall be provided
with a certificate signed by the chief officer, or an official designated by the local
authority, as the case may be, and indicating that such person has been so
 authorized and any such person entering upon land shall on demand by the
person in charge of the land produce the certificate so provided.

44. Regulations.
(1) The Minister may after consultation with the committee make regulations for
the more effective administration of this Act, including regulations
(a) as to the calling of meetings of the committee or any sub-committee
thereof or the board or any regional appeal board established under
section five, the quorum for and procedure at such meetings and the
remuneration and allowances, conditions of service and tenure of
office of members of the committee or any such sub-committee, the
board or any regional appeal board who are not in the full-time
employment of the State: Provided that any regulation in regard to the
remuneration and allowances of the said members shall be made in
consultation with the Minister of Finance;
(b) as to the form of any application for any registration certificate or
provisional registration certificate and the plans, documents and other
information to be submitted in connection with any such application,
the fees to be paid in connection with any such application or any
appeal under this Act and the circumstances under which the fees paid
in connection with any such appeal shall be refunded: Provided that
any regulation in regard to any fees as aforesaid shall be made in
consultation with the Minister of Finance;
(c) as to the form of any registration certificate or provisional
registration certificate;
(d) as to the matters which the court shall take into consideration in
determining what portion of the costs of alterations to a building
mentioned in section forty-two shall be borne by the owner, and how
those costs which shall be so borne shall be recovered by means of an
increase in rent or otherwise, and the matters which shall be taken into
consideration under which an aggrieved person may in terms of section
seventeen be ordered to contribute towards the execution of works or
the installation of appliances, as well as the manner in which any
contribution shall be made whether in cash or otherwise;
(dA) (i) prescribing the requirements, including requirements
with regard to durability and performance, with which fuel
burning appliances and parts therefor in general, or any
particular kind or type of fuel burning appliances and parts
therefor, shall comply, and the manner in which the said
appliances and parts shall be tested to establish whether they
comply with the prescribed requirements;
(ii) prohibiting the manufacture or import of, or
regulating the use or sale for use of
(aa) fuel burning appliances, other than such
appliances for use in a dwelling-house, and parts
therefor which do not comply with any
requirement prescribed under subparagraph (i);
and
(bb) parts for any fuel burning appliances for use
in a dwelling-house which were manufactured or
 imported before the date of commencement of
section 4 of the Atmospheric Pollution
Prevention Amendment Act, 1981;
(dB) (after consultation with the Minister of Finance) as to the
portion of the salary of a smoke control officer repayable by the
Minister in terms of section 20 (13) (b);
(e) generally in regard to any matter in respect of which it is necessary
to make regulations in terms of this Act, or in respect of which the
Minister may consider it necessary to make regulations in order that
the objects of this Act may be achieved.
(2) Regulations under subsection (1) (dA) may provide for penalties for any
contravention thereof or failure to comply therewith, but not exceeding, in the
case of a first offence, a fine of five hundred rand or, in default of payment,
imprisonment for a period of six months, and in the case of a second or
subsequent offence, a fine of two thousand rand or, in default of payment,
imprisonment for a period of one year.

45. Operation of Act in relation to other laws.

(1) The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to and not in substitution for
any other law which is not in conflict or inconsistent with this Act.
(2) Any regulations or by-laws made by any local authority in regard to any
matter dealt with in this Act and in force at the commencement thereof, shall, in
so far as they are not inconsistent with this Act, remain in force except in so far
as they are repealed by the Minister by notice in the Gazette.

45A. Contributions by State towards certain expenditure incurred in

connection with combating of atmospheric pollution.
The Minister may out of moneys appropriated by Parliament for the purpose, and in
consultation with the Minister of Finance and subject to such conditions as the
Minister may in each case determine, contribute towards the expenditure
(a) incurred by any person in connection with research relating to the
combating of atmospheric pollution; or
(b) incurred by any local authority in connection with the acquisition
of equipment to combat atmospheric pollution.

46. Penalties.
Any person convicted of an offence under this Act shall be liable, in the case of a
first conviction, to a fine not exceeding five hundred rand or imprisonment for a
period not exceeding six months, and in the case of a second or subsequent
conviction to a fine not exceeding two thousand rand or imprisonment for a
period not exceeding one year.

47. Act binds the State.

(1) The provisions of this Act, except sections 14 to 26, inclusive, shall bind the
State.
(2) If at any time any chimney or fuel burning appliance of the nature
contemplated in section sixteen is to be constructed or installed in or on any
premises within a local authority area, which are under the control of the State,
notice of the intention to construct such chimney or install such appliance shall
be given to that local authority.
 (3) If at any time after the fixed date smoke in excess of the standards prescribed
by any order under section 20 (1) (b) or any regulations made under this Act is
emitted or emanates from any premises as a result of the operation of any fuel
burning appliance controlled by the State (including any provincial
administration) the local authority concerned may give notice to that effect
through the Minister to the Minister who administers the Department of State
concerned or to the Premier concerned who shall cause such steps to be taken as
may be necessary and practicable to prevent or minimise the emission of such
smoke, and furnish a report to the Minister in regard to any steps taken in
pursuance thereof: Provided that where the department concerned is
administered by the Minister such notice shall be given to the Minister who shall
thereupon cause steps to be taken as aforesaid.
(4) If at any time after the fixed date smoke in excess of the standards prescribed
by any order under section 20 (1) (b) or any regulations made under this Act is
emitted or emanates from any premises as a result of the operation of any fuel
burning appliance controlled by Transnet Limited and The South African Rail
Commuter Corporation Limited, the local authority concerned may give notice to
that effect to the chairperson of Transnet Limited who shall cause such steps to
be taken as may be necessary to prevent or minimize the emission of such
smoke.
(5) The chairperson of Transnet Limited shall each year furnish a comprehensive
report to the Minister setting out details of any complaints received in terms of
sub-section (4) and a brief summary of the action taken in pursuance of each
such complaint.
(6) (a) The Minister shall each year lay on the Table in the House of
Assembly
(i) a copy of every notice sent to him by a local authority in
terms of sub-section (3) during the preceding calendar year;
(ii) a copy of every report submitted to him in terms of sub-
section (3) or (5) during such calendar year; and
(iii) a statement as to any complaints lodged with him during
such calendar year under the proviso to sub-section (3) and of
the steps taken in pursuance thereof.
(b) An Premier shall each year lay before the provincial council
concerned
(i) a copy of every notice sent to him by a local authority under
sub-section (3) during the preceding calendar year; and
(ii) a copy of every report sent to the Minister under sub-
section (3) during such calendar year.

48. Short title.

This Act shall be called the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act, 1965.
 First Schedule

Second Schedule

SCHEDULED PROCESSES

(Second Schedule amended by Government Notice No. 819 of 27 May, 1966, by

Government Notice No. 1173 of 5 July, 1968, by Government Notice No. R.1864 of
30 October, 1970, by Government Notice No. R.5 of 7 January, 1972, by Government
Notice No. R.212 of 16 February, 1973, by Government Notice No. R.303 of 2
March, 1973, by Government Notice No. R.1020 of 21 June, 1974, by Government
Notice No. R.2239 of 15 October, 1982, by Government Notice No. 1353 of 26 June,
1987, by Government Notice No. R.1702 of 7 October, 1994, by Government Notice
No. 420 of 15 March, 1996 and by Government Notice No. R.401 of 14 March,
1997).

1. Sulphuric acid processes: That is to say, processes for the manufacture of

sulphuric acid or processes in which sulphur trioxide is evolved or used.
2. Phosphate fertilizer processes: That is to say, processes in which any mineral
phosphate is subjected to treatment involving chemical change, and processes
for the granulating of materials containing phosphate.
3. Gas liquor processes: That is to say, processes in which hydrogen sulphide or any
other noxious or offensive gas is evolved by the use of ammoniacal liquor, and
processes in which any such liquor is desulphurized in any process connected
with the purification of gas.
4. Nitric acid processes: That is to say, processes in connection with the
manufacture of nitric acid or processes in which nitric acid is recovered from
nitrogen oxides or in which nitrogen oxides are evolved.
5. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium chloride processes: That is to say, processes
for the manufacture of ammonium sulphate or ammonium chloride.
6. Chlorine processes: That is to say, processes in which chlorine is made or used in
any manufacturing process.
7. Hydrochloric acid processes: That is to say, processes for the manufacture or the
bulk handling of hydrochloric acid or processes in which hydrogen chloride gas
is evolved.
8. Sulphide processes: That is to say, chemical processes in which hydrogen
sulphide is evolved or used.
9. Alkali waste processes: That is to say, processes in which alkali waste or the
drainage therefrom is subjected to any chemical process for the recovery of
sulphur or for the utilization of any constituent of such waste or drainage.
10. Oxide pigment processes: That is to say, processes for the manufacture of oxide
pigments by heating metallic oxides or salts.
11. Arsenic processes: That is to say, processes in which any volatile compound of
arsenic is evolved.
12. Carbon disulphide processes: That is to say, processes for the manufacture, use
or recovery of carbon disulphide.
13. Sulphocyanide processes: That is to say, any process for the manufacture of
sulphocyanide or any of its compounds.
14. Hydrocarbon refining processes: That is to say
(a) the processing (such as distilling, cracking and refining) of crude
shale oil, crude petroleum, natural gas, hydrocarbons from coal and
used lubricating oils; or
(b) the bulk storage of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products,
in storage facilities with individual tank capacities of at least
1 000 cubic metres each.
15. Bisulphite processes: That is to say, processes in which sulphurous acid is used
in the manufacture of acid sulphites of the alkalis or alkaline earths, and
processes for the manufacture of liquid sulphur dioxide or of sulphurous acid or
any sulphite in which oxides of sulphur are evolved in any chemical
manufacturing process.
16. Tar processes: That is to say, processes in which tar, creosote or any other
product of the distillation of tar is distilled or is heated in any manufacturing
process.
17. Zinc processes: That is to say, processes in which, by the application of heat,
zinc is processed or extracted.
18. Benzene processes: That is to say, processes (not being tar processes as defined
above) in which any wash oil used for the scrubbing of coal gas is distilled.
19. Pyridine processes: That is to say, processes in which pyridine is recovered or
used.
20. Bromine processes: That is to say, processes in which bromine is made or is used
in any manufacturing process.
21. Hydrofluoric acid processes: That is to say, processes in which hydrofluoric acid
is evolved or used.
22. Cement processes: That is to say, processes in which argillaceous or calcareous
materials are used in the production of cement clinker, and processes in which
cement clinker is ground or cement is packed, and also processes in which
metallurgical slags are treated for the purpose of making cement or cement
additives.
23. Lead processes: That is to say
(a) processes in which, by the application of heat, lead is melted or
extracted from any material containing lead or its compounds; or
(b) processes in which compounds of lead are manufactured from
metallic lead or its compounds by methods that give rise to
noxious or offensive gases; or
(c) processes by which lead or any material containing lead or its
compounds are used or handled in such a way as to give rise to
noxious or offensive gases.
24. Fluorine processes: That is to say, processes in which fluorine or its compounds
with other halogens are made or used or any chemical manufacturing process in
which fluorine or its compounds with other halogens are evolved.
25. Acid sludge processes: That is to say, processes in which acid sludge produced
in the refining of coal tar, petroleum or other hydrocarbon derivatives, is treated
in such a manner as to cause the evolution of noxious or offensive gases.
26. Alkali processes: That is to say
(a) the manufacture of potassium or sodium sulphate; or
(b) the treatment of ores by common salt or other chlorides, whereby
any sulphate is formed and in which hydrogen chloride gas is
evolved.
27. Roasting processes: That is to say, processes in which sulphate and sulphide
ores, including regulas, are calcined or smelted.
28. Asbestos processes: That is to say, processes involving the handling, grinding or
utilization of asbestos.
29. Power generation processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) fuel is burned for the generation of electricity for distribution to the
public or for purposes of public transport;
(b) boilers capable of burning fuel at a rate of not less than 10 tons per
hour are used to raise steam for the supply of energy for purposes
other than those mentioned in (a) above;
(c) any fuel burning appliance is used that is not controlled in terms of
Part III of this Act, excluding appliances in private dwellings.
30. Iron and steel processes: That is to say, processes
(a) in which iron, iron ores, steel or ferro-alloys are produced or
processed so as to give rise to noxious or offensive gases; or
(b) involving the cleaning of castings and handling of casting mould
materials.
31. Copper processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) by the application of heat
 (i) copper is extracted from any ore or concentrate or from any
material containing copper or its compounds; or
(ii) molten copper is refined; or
(iii) copper or copper alloy swarf is degreased; or
(iv) copper alloys are recovered from scrap, fabricated metal,
swarf or residues by processes designed to reduce the zinc
content; or
(b) copper or copper alloy is melted and cast in moulds the internal
surfaces of which have been coated with grease-bound or oil-bound
dressings: Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to processes in
which the aggregate casting capacity does not exceed 10 tons per day.
32. Aluminium processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) aluminium is produced from its oxide by means of an electrolytic
furnace; or
(b) aluminium swarf is degreased by the application of heat; or
(c) aluminium or aluminium alloys are recovered from aluminium or
aluminium alloy scrap, fabricated metal, swarf, skimmings,
drosses or other residues by melting; or
(d) aluminium is recovered from slag; or
(e) molten aluminium or aluminium alloys are treated by any process
involving the evolution of chlorine or its compounds.
33. Producer gas processes: That is to say, processes in which producer gas is made
or in which the by-products of producer gas are incinerated.
34. Gas, coke and charcoal processes: That is to say, processes (not being producer
gas processes) in which
(a) coal, oil, wood or other carbonaceous materials or products of
petroleum refining or natural gas or methane from coal mines or gas
derived from fermentation of carbonaceous materials are handled or
prepared for carbonisation or gasification or reforming and in which
these materials are subsequently carbonised or gasified or reformed; or
(b) water gas is produced or purified; or
(c) coke or semi-coke is produced and quenched, cut, crushed or
graded; or
(d) gases derived from any process referred to in paragraph (a) are
subjected to purification processes.
35. Ceramic processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) pottery products (including domestic earthenware and china,
sanitary ware, electrical porcelain and glazed tiles) are made in kilns
fired by coal or oil; or
(b) heavy clay or refractory goods are fired by solid, liquid or gaseous
fuels; or
(c) salt glazing of any earthenware or clay material is carried on.
36. Lime, dolomite and magnesite processes: That is to say, processes in which
calcium carbonate, calcium-magnesium carbonate, magnesium carbonate or
calcium sulphate are so produced or processed that noxious or offensive gases
are evolved.
37. Sulphate reduction processes: That is to say, processes in which metallic
sulphates are reduced to the corresponding sulphides by heating with
carbonaceous matter.
38. Caustic soda processes: That is to say, processes in which
 (a) either concentrated solutions of caustic soda or fused caustic soda
are produced in heated vessels; or
(b) black liquor produced in the manufacture of paper is calcined in the recovery
of caustic soda.
39. Waste incineration processes: That is to say processes for the destruction by
incineration of waste that contains chemically bonded halogens, nitrogen,
phosphorus, sulphur or metal, or any other waste that can give rise to noxious or
offensive gases.
40. Beryllium processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) any ore or concentrate or any material containing beryllium or its
compounds is treated for the production of beryllium or its alloys or its
compounds; or
(b) any material containing beryllium or its alloys or its compounds is treated,
processed or fabricated in any manner giving rise to noxious or offensive
gases.
41. Selenium processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) any ore or concentrate or any material containing selenium or its
compounds is treated for the production of selenium or its alloys or its
compounds; or
(b) any material containing selenium or its alloys or its compounds otherwise
than as colouring matter is treated, processed or fabricated in any manner
giving rise to noxious or offensive gases.
42. Phosphorus processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) phosphorus is made; or
(b) yellow phosphorus or phosphoric acid is used in any chemical or
metallurgical process.
43. Ammonia processes: That is to say, processes in which ammonia is
(a) made; or
(b) used in the ammonia-soda process; or
(c) used in the manufacture of carbonate, nitrate or phosphate of ammonia or
urea.
44. Hydrogen cyanide processes: That is to say, processes in which
(a) hydrogen cyanide is made, or any chemical manufacturing process
in which hydrogen cyanide is evolved or used; or
(b) solid sodium or calcium cyanide is made.
45. Acetylene processes: That is to say, processes in which acetylene is made or any
chemical manufacturing process in which acetylene is used.
46. Amine processes: That is to say, processes in which methylamine, ethylamine or
other malodorous amines are evolved or made.
47. Calcium carbide processes: That is to say, processes in which calcium carbide is
made.
48. Aldehyde processes: That is to say, processes in which formaldehyde or
acetaldehyde or acrolein or the methyl, ethyl or propyl derivatives of acrolein
are made.
49. Anhydride processes: That is to say, processes in which acetic, maleic or
phthalic anhydrides or the corresponding acids are made.
50. Chromium processes: That is to say, processes in which any chrome ore or
concentrate is treated for the production therefrom of chromium compounds or
processes in which chromium metal is made by dry methods giving rise to
noxious or offensive gases.
51. Magnesium processes: That is to say, processes in which magnesium or
magnesium alloys or any compound of magnesium is made by dry methods
giving rise to noxious or offensive gases.
52. Cadmium processes: That is to say, processes in which metallic cadmium is
recovered or cadmium alloys are made or any compound of cadmium is made
by dry methods giving rise to noxious or offensive gases.
53. Manganese processes: That is to say, processes in which manganese or its alloys
or any compound of manganese is made by dry methods giving rise to noxious
or offensive gases.
54. Metal recovery processes: That is to say, processes in which metal is recovered
from any form of scrap material containing combustible components.
55. Galvanising processes: That is to say, processes involving coating with zinc by
dipping into molten metal, including pickling and fluxing giving rise to noxious
or offensive gases.
56. Bagasse incineration processes: That is to say, processes involving the
combustion of bagasse.
57. Metal spray processes: That is to say, processes in which any metal is deposited
on to a surface in the form of a spray through the application of heat in such a
way as to give rise to noxious or offensive gases.
58. Macadam preparation processes: That is to say, processes in which crushed
stone is heated or dried, with or without the addition of tar or bituminous
binders, for the purpose of preparing road surfacing or paving material.
59. The bulk storage and handling of ore or coal: That is to say, the storage and
handling of ore or coal at dumps designed to hold 100 000 tons or more and not
situated on the premises of a mine or works as defined in the Mines and Works
Act, 1956.
60. Vanadium processes: That is to say, processes in which vanadium pentoxide or
vanadium carbide is manufactured or handled in such a way as to give rise to
noxious or offensive gases.
61. Antimony processes: That is to say, processes in which antimony or its alloys or
any compound of antimony is made by dry methods giving rise to noxious or
offensive gases.
62. Mercury processes: That is to say, processes in which mercury or any compound
of mercury is treated or recovered by the application of heat.
63. Silicon processes: That is to say, processes in which metallic silicon is made by
the application of heat.
64. Carbon black processes: That is to say, processes in which carbon black is
produced or used.
65. Glass processes: That is to say, processes in which glass is manufactured.
66. Metallurgical slag processes: That is to say, processes in which the use of
metallurgical slag gives rise to noxious or offensive gases.
67. Wood-burning and wood-drying processes: That is to say, processes in which
wood is burned or subjected to heat in such a manner as to give rise to noxious
or offensive gases that are not controlled in terms of Part III of the Act.
68. Paper and paper pulp processes: That is to say, processes in which pulp or paper
is manufactured in any manner giving rise to noxious or offensive gases.
69. Animal matter reduction processes: That is to say, processes for the rendering,
cooking, drying, dehydrating, digesting, evaporating or protein concentrating of
any animal matter not intended for human consumption.
70. Acrylonitrile processes. That is to say, processes in which acrylonitrile is
manufactured or any manufacturing process in which acrylonitrile is used.
71. Nickel processes. That is to say, dry processes in which nickel or nickel alloys or
any nickel compound is manufactured, giving rise to noxious or offensive
gasses.
72. Vinyl chloride monomer processes: That is to say, processes in which vinyl
chloride monomer is manufactured or used.