FACTS: For Consideration of The Court Is An Original Action For Certiorari Assailing The

FACTS: For consideration of the Court is an original action for certiorari assailing the
constitutionality and legality of the implementation of the Priority Development

Assistance Fund (PDAF) as provided for in Republic Act (R.A.) 9206 or the General
Appropriations Act for 2004 (GAA of 2004).
Petitioner Lawyers Against Monopoly and Poverty(LAMP), a group of lawyers who have
banded together with a mission of dismantling all forms of political, economic or social
monopoly in the country. According to LAMP, the above provision is silent and,
therefore, prohibits an automatic or direct allocation of lump sums to individual
senators and congressmen for the funding of projects. It does not empower individual
Members of Congress to propose, select and identify programs and projects to be funded
out of PDAF.
For LAMP, this situation runs afoul against the principle of separation of powers
because in receiving and, thereafter, spending funds for their chosen projects, the
Members of Congress in effect intrude into an executive function. Further, the authority
to propose and select projects does not pertain to legislation. It is, in fact, a non-
legislative function devoid of constitutional sanction,8 and, therefore, impermissible
and must be considered nothing less than malfeasance.
RESPONDENTS POSITION: the perceptions of LAMP on the implementation of PDAF

must not be based on mere speculations circulated in the news media preaching the
evils of pork barrel.
ISSUES: 1) whether or not the mandatory requisites for the exercise of judicial review
are met in this case; and 2) whether or not the implementation of PDAF by the Members
of Congress is unconstitutional and illegal.
HELD:
I.
A question is ripe for adjudication when the act being challenged has had a direct
adverse effect on the individual challenging it. In this case, the petitioner contested the
implementation of an alleged unconstitutional statute, as citizens and taxpayers. The
petition complains of illegal disbursement of public funds derived from taxation and this
is sufficient reason to say that there indeed exists a definite, concrete, real or substantial
controversy before the Court.
LOCUS STANDI: The gist of the question of standing is whether a party alleges such a
personal stake in the outcome of the controversy as to assure that concrete adverseness
which sharpens the presentation of issues upon which the court so largely depends for
illumination of difficult constitutional questions. Here, the sufficient interest preventing
the illegal expenditure of money raised by taxation required in taxpayers suits is
established. Thus, in the claim that PDAF funds have been illegally disbursed and
wasted through the enforcement of an invalid or unconstitutional law, LAMP should be
allowed to sue.
Lastly, the Court is of the view that the petition poses issues impressed with paramount
public interest. The ramification of issues involving the unconstitutional spending of
PDAF deserves the consideration of the Court, warranting the assumption of
jurisdiction over the petition.
II.
The Court rules in the negative.
In determining whether or not a statute is unconstitutional, the Court does not lose
sight of the presumption of validity accorded to statutory acts of Congress. To justify the
nullification of the law or its implementation, there must be a clear and unequivocal, not
a doubtful, breach of the Constitution. In case of doubt in the sufficiency of proof
establishing unconstitutionality, the Court must sustain legislation because to
invalidate [a law] based on x x x baseless supposition is an affront to the wisdom not
only of the legislature that passed it but also of the executive which approved it.
The petition is miserably wanting in this regard. No convincing proof was presented
showing that, indeed, there were direct releases of funds to the Members of Congress,
who actually spend them according to their sole discretion. Devoid of any pertinent
evidentiary support that illegal misuse of PDAF in the form of kickbacks has become a
common exercise of unscrupulous Members of Congress, the Court cannot indulge the
petitioners request for rejection of a law which is outwardly legal and capable of lawful
enforcement.
PORK BARREL:
The Members of Congress are then requested by the President to recommend projects
and programs which may be funded from the PDAF. The list submitted by the Members
of Congress is endorsed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives to the DBM,
which reviews and determines whether such list of projects submitted are consistent
with the guidelines and the priorities set by the Executive.33 This demonstrates the
power given to the President to execute appropriation laws and therefore, to exercise the
spending per se of the budget.
As applied to this case, the petition is seriously wanting in establishing that individual
Members of Congress receive and thereafter spend funds out of PDAF. So long as there
is no showing of a direct participation of legislators in the actual spending of the budget,
the constitutional boundaries between the Executive and the Legislative in the
budgetary process remain intact.
_______________
NOTES:
POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW:

(1) there must be an actual case or controversy calling for the exercise of judicial power;
(2) (2) the person challenging the act must have the standing to question the validity of
the subject act or issuance; otherwise stated, he must have a personal and substantial
interest in the case such that he has sustained, or will sustain, direct injury as a result of
its enforcement;
(3) (3) the question of constitutionality must be raised at the earliest opportunity; and
(4) (4) the issue of constitutionality must be the very lis mota of the case.

FACTS: For Consideration of The Court Is An Original Action For Certiorari Assailing The

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FACTS: For Consideration of The Court Is An Original Action For Certiorari Assailing The

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FACTS: For consideration of the Court is an original action for certiorari assailing the

constitutionality and legality of the implementation of the Priority Development

RESPONDENTS POSITION: the perceptions of LAMP on the implementation of PDAF

The Court rules in the negative.

POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW:

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