Green Ammonia Hughes
Green Ammonia Hughes
Green Ammonia Hughes
Green Ammonia
Tim Hughes1, Ian Wilkinson1, Edman Tsang2, Ian McPherson2, Tim Sudmeier2, Josh Fellowes 2
Fenglin Liao2, Simson Wu2, ,Augustin Valera-Medina3, Sebastian Metz4
1 Siemens Corporate Technology, 2University of Oxford, 3 University of Cardiff ,4 STFC
.
I Strategic Direction
Energiewende 2.0
Efficiency Decreasing spot market Power2Heat, CHP Regional plants, cellular Complete integration of
LCC reduction prices increasing grids decentralized power
Availability / reliability / Subsidized economy Demand side HVDC overlay and generation
security Increasing redispatch1) management meshed AC/DC systems Storage systems/
operation First storage solutions Power2Chem / Return of gas power
HVDC/AC overlay Stability challenge plants?
Past Today Mid-term Long-term
Fierce competition in traditional businesses, need to set benchmark in new or changed markets
Profitable business for new technologies cannot be shown yet todays use cases are mainly niche or pilot applications
4% world total2 emissions by 2050
Ammonia: 1.8% of the world consumption of fossil energy goes into the
production of ammonia. 90% of ammonia production is based on natural gas.
Top 10 Chemicals / Processes: 4) Methanol 8) Butadiene (C4 sep.)
1) Steam cracking 5) Butylene 9) Soda ash
2) Ammonia 6) Propylene FCC 10) Carbon black
3) Aromatics extraction 7) Ethanol
1) Chemical and Petrochemical Sector IEA2009 2) Key World Energy Statistics IEA2014
Page 8 March 2016
Ammonia is an important chemical with a commodity
market value of EUR100bn/year
197.19
180 170.845 190.732
170 161.829 183.175
176.784
160
150 161.659
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook to 2018, Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
Page 9 March 2016
Ammonia is also a viable fuel or hydrogen carrier
+ +
Electrochemically
Produced Ammonia
+ +
Ammonia
Ammonia
Power
Synthesizer Electrochemically Conversion
Technology Produced Ammonia Technology
Ammonia Storage
Technology
DISRUPTIVE ARCHITECTURAL
Business Models
Leverages New
2 4
Ammonia used as an energy storage medium for based on membrane technology
grid scale chemical energy storage over long time Flexible bi-directional Ammonia Systems
periods supply energy, fuel or chemical on demand
Ammonia used as a fuel for Mobility
ROUTINE RADICAL
Leverages Existing
Business Models
1 3
based product: All electric membrane based electrochemical
Electrification of thermochemical production technology for the direct production of
route to service the existing fertilizer and ammonia for the existing fertilizer and
chemical industries chemical industries
Ammonia Ammonia
Synthesizer NH3 Synthesizer NH3
Turbine
Ammonia
Synthesizer NH3
Ammonia as a
Energy Storage at Grid Transport Fuel
level
Chemical Industry:
Ammonia as a commodity; for
instance, use in fertiliser
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
Gas preparation: significant portion
of plant exists to produce H2
1) Courtesy of Johnson Matthey
Page 17 March 2016
Ammonia Production 2020
Hydrogen H2
H 2O
Electrolyser
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
Gas preparation: ultra pure Syngas
from water electrolysis and air
separation unit
Page 18 March 2016
Ammonia Production 2030
N2 + 3H2O 2NH3+3/2O2
Ammonia NH3
H 2O
Electrolyser
Providing correct ratio of N and H at the surface of the positive electrode to ensure:
Reactor
Outlet gas analysed
by gas
chromatography
Furnace
Gas supplied to
porous electrodes
(orange and green
tubes) 100 mL molten salt
held in crucible
Electrolyte Cathode
Anode
Proton conducting Reduction of nitrogen
Oxidation of hydrogen
Electrically insulating Formation of ammonia
Electrically conducting
Proton conducting Electrically conducting
Proton conducting
Green
Ammonia
Ammonia has a power density similar to NH3 can be transported easily at low
fossil fuels, with zero carbon in it. pressures.
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Combustion
Electrochemical
Ammonia
Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia
Internal
Combustion Gas Turbines PEM Fuel cell SOFC
A new program of research has been started to use ammonia as fuel for
power generation at large scale. The aim is to develop a highly efficient ultra
low emissions gas turbine combustor fuelled by ammonia.
Thermodynamic characterisation of
GT cycle using H2-NH3 blends.
Evaluation of all-electric
synthesis and energy
storage demonstration
system by Dec 2017.
Combustion
Hydrogen electrolysis and energy
and ammonia synthesis export
Nitrogen
generator
NH3 H-B
Reactor
(Bespoke)
Energy management
Control system
system
Tim Hughes
[email protected]