Makalah Proverb and Riddle

Proverb and Riddle
A. Proverb
1. Definition of Proverb
Proverb is a brief, simple and popular saying, or a phrase that gives advice and effectively
embodies a commonplace truth based on practical experience or common sense. A proverb may
have an allegorical message behind its odd appearance. The reason of popularity is due to its
usage in spoken language as well as in the folk literature. Some authors twist and bend proverbs
and create anti-proverbs to add literary effects to their works. However, in poetry, poets use
proverbs strategically by employing some parts of them in poems titles such as Lord Kennet has
written a poem, A Bird in the Bush, which is a popular proverb. Some poems contain multiple
proverbs like Paul Muldoons poem Symposium.
2. Function of Proverb
Proverbs play very important roles in different types of literary works. The most important
function of proverbs is to teach and educate the audience. They often contain an expert advice
with a role for educating the readers on what they may face if they would do something. Hence,
proverbs play a didactic role, as they play a universal role in teaching wisdom and sagacity to the
common people. Since proverbs are usually metaphorical and indirect; therefore, they allow
writers to express their message in a less harsh way.
3. Kinds of Proverbs:
1. Aphorism (Pepatah)
This proverb offers advice.
Example : Dont go too far in small.
(Persoalan kecil jangan dibesar-besarkan).
2. Parable (Perumpamaan)
That has a moral lesson and has parable.
Example : To carry coals to New-castle.
(Bagai membuang garam kelaut)
3. Slogan (Pameo)
This proverb gives spirit or motivation.
Example :
1. Early bird gets worm
(Tuhan akan memberikan rezeki kepada makhluk-Nya yang lebih dulu bangun)
2. Diligence is the mistress of success.
(Kerajinan pangkal kesuksesan)
4. Idiom
It is a phrase that has group of words with a different meaning from the meaning of all the
individual word.
Example :
1. Pull your sock up. (improve your behaviour)
2. You can arrange your bedroom at will. (sesuka hati)
3. Dont mention it. (Youre welcome)
4. Examples of Proverbs from Literature

Example 1
From Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart:

If a child washes his hands he could eat with kings.
If you remove the dirt of your ancestors, you can have a better future. Everyone can build
his/her own fame.
A toad does not run in the daytime for nothing.
Everything happens for a reason and for something not for nothingness.
A childs fingers are not scalded by a piece of hot yam which its mother puts into its palm.
Children who obey their mothers are not punished.
Example 2
From William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet:

The weakest goes to the wall.
The weak people are never favored.
He that is strucken blind cannot forget
The precious treasure of his eyesight lost.
A man who loses his eyesight can never forget the importance of lost eyesight.
One fire burns out anothers burning,
One pain is lessend by anothers anguish.
You can burn new fire from lightening another fire, similarly a new pain could mitigate your
old pain.
Example 3
From Graham Greenes The Power and the Glory

And when we love our sin then we are damned indeed.
When do not repent our sins and instead loving them, and then we are damned.
Nothing in life was as ugly as death.
Death is the most horrible experience in life.
There is always one moment in childhood when the door opens and lets the future inWe
should be thankful we cannot see the horrors and degradations lying around our childhood, in
cupboards and bookshelves, everywhere.
Childhood is a blessing for us, as we do not face horrible experiences like humiliation and
degradation from people.
Example 4
From Aesop Fables by Aesop:

We should make sure that our own house is in order before we give advice to others. (Fortune
Teller)
We should act upon our own words, before advising others to do the same.
B. Riddle
1. Definition of Riddle
Riddle is a question, a puzzle, a phrase or a statement devised to get unexpected or clever

answers. It is a folklore genre as well as rhetorical device, having often veiled or double
meanings. When someone uses it as a puzzle or a question, it could be a thought provoking
challenge for the audience to figure it out themselves, or it could be a funny comment intended to
make the audience laugh. Some riddles show the wit of protagonists in a narrative, allowing
them to escape a terrible situation by using their wit rather than their strength. Often times,
puzzling riddles tell us that we cannot answer some questions, leading to hours of perturbed head
scratching. However, it opens our minds to a number of possibilities.
2. Function of Riddle
In written literature, riddles deceive the audience with its meanings. As far as its purpose is
concerned, it explores questions with enough thoroughness in order to provide readers a clear
view of major issues. Riddles could be generally conversational starters or brain busters to get
readers think, while in oral literature, riddles serve as the competition of wits and skills and
guessing games. However, if the audience knows the answer they take pleasure in hearing them
repeatedly. Gaming riddles reveal the playful side of language in a manageable form. Besides, it
is usually possible to draw appropriate metaphors from good riddles.
3. Types of Riddle
There are two main types of riddle:
Enigmas
Enigmas are problems expressed in an allegorical or metaphorical language, requiring careful
thinking and ingenuity for solving them.
Conundrums
Conundrums are questions that rely on punning for creating effects in a question.
4. Common & Popular Examples of Riddle
It is so fragile that if you say its name you break it, what is it? It is silence.
I have a head, I have a tail, but I do not have a body. I am neither a lizard nor a snake.
Then, guess what am I? It is a coin.
It can run and does not walk, has a mouth and does not talk, has a head and does not
weep, has a bed and does not sleep? It is a river.
Something that falls, and never breaks and something breaks but never falls? The day
breaks and the night falls.
My father is white but I am black, I am a bird without wings, fly to the clouds. I give
tears of mourning in those who encounter me, however, there is no reason for mourning
because once I am born I am dissolved into air. Now can you guess who am I? It is smoke.
5. Riddle Examples from Literature

Example 1
From Sophocles Oedipus Rex

One of the most popular riddles in literature is the riddle of Sphinx, who asks questions from
Oedipus.
Riddle: What goes on four legs in the morning, on two legs at noon, and on three legs in the
evening?
Answer: Oedipus solves this riddle by giving right answer that it is man, who can crawl on his
four legs as an infant, and as an adult, he walks on his two legs, while he walks with a stick when
he becomes old.
Example 2
From J.R.R. Tolkiens The Hobbit

Bilbo and Gollum play a riddling game, as Bilbos life would be in danger if cannot solve the
riddle. Luckily, he answers the riddle posed by Gollum. Thus, Bilbo earns an award as to get a
safe passage out of the tunnel.
Riddle: This thing all things devours;
Birds, beasts, trees, flowers;
Gnaws iron, bites steel;
Grinds hard stones to meal;
Slays king, ruins town,
And beats mountain down.
Answer: Time
Example 3
From William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice

The father of Portia plans a riddle for the men who wish to marry his daughter and whoever
would solve it, would marry her. For doing this, he places three caskets of gold, silver and leaden
and asks them to pick the one of their choice.
Riddle: The golden casket inscribes, Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire.
The words engrave on silver: who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves. The leaden:
Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath.
Answer: The golden casket encloses a skull with a warning note that appearances are usually
deceiving, human wishes could be dangerous, the silver casket symbolizes chasing intangible
goals, and holds a portrait of an idiot. However, the leaden casket symbolizes modesty and inner
beauty, with a portrait of Portia contains a note, You that choose not by the view, chance as fair
and choose as true.
Example 4
From Jane Austens Emma

Emma displays her wit while correctly answering Mr. Eltons riddle.
Riddle: My first displays the wealth and pomp of kings,
Lords of the earth! their luxury and ease.
Another view of man, my second brings,
Behold him there, the monarch of the seas!
Answer: Courtship
Example 5
From J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire

During his competition in Tri-Wizard Tournament, it was must for Harry to answer a riddle
posed by a Sphinx:
Riddle: First think of the person who lives in disguise,
Who deals in secrets and tells naught but lies,
Next tell me whats always the last thing to mend,
The middle of middle and end of the end?
Which creature would you be unwilling to kiss?
Answer: A spider.
PROVERB and RIDDLE
OLEH
Nama : Adha Ika Putri Nabila
Kelas : X MIPA 6
Absen : 01
SMA NEGERI 1 PRAYA

2016/2017
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT. karena dengan rahmat dan karunia-Nya
penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas pembuatan makalah Mata Pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra
Inggris Lintas Minat tentang PROVERB AND RIDDLE ini tepat pada waktunya.
Makalah ini penulis susun guna memahami tentang proverb dan juga riddle. Makalah ini telah
penulis susun dengan maksimal, yang tentunya hal itu tak lepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak.
Untuk itu penulis ingin mengucapkan rasa terima kasih kepada semua pihak, terutama kepada
Ibu Maimunah selaku guru pembimbing Mata Pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Lintas Minat,
yang telah membantu memperlancar penulisan dan penyusunan makalah ini.
Terlepas dari itu semua, penulis sadar bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna.
Oleh karenanya penulis dengan senang hati menerima kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun
sehingga penulis dapat memperbaiki makalah ini dan membuat makalah yang lebih baik lagi di
lain kesempatan.
Praya, 28 Mei 2017
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Proverb and Riddle

4. Examples of Proverbs from Literature

From Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart:

From William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet:

From Graham Greenes The Power and the Glory

From Aesop Fables by Aesop:

Riddle is a question, a puzzle, a phrase or a statement devised to get unexpected or clever

There are two main types of riddle:

5. Riddle Examples from Literature

From Sophocles Oedipus Rex

From J.R.R. Tolkiens The Hobbit

From William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice

From Jane Austens Emma

From J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire

SMA NEGERI 1 PRAYA

Praya, 28 Mei 2017

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