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Latihan TOEFL
Latihan TOEFL
13. Unlike the earth, which rotates once every twenty-four hours ... The intimate relationship between these two
once every ten hours. living components of lichen was once erroneously
A. the rotation of Jupiter though to represent mutualism. In mutual relationships,
B. Jupiter rotates both participants benefit. With lichens, however,
C. Jupiter rotation it appears the fungus actually parasitizes the algae.
D. Jupiter rotate This is one of the conclusions drawn from experiments
in which the two components of lichens were separated
14. Jackson,... capital of Mississippi, is the largest city in the state. and grown apart.
A. the
B. it is the In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and
C. is the grow around saveral kinds of algae. Some types of
D. where the algae the fungi may kill; other types it may reject.
Lichen algae are autotrophic, meaning they make their
15. The various types of bacteria are classified according to...shapes. own food through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are
A. whose heterotrophic, meaning they depend upon the algae
B. how they are within the lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety
C. have percent of than food made by the green alga cell is
D. their transferred to the fungus. What, if anything, the fungus
contributes to the association is not well understood.
KUNCI JAWABAN
Lichens are hardly. The grow in many habitats
1. D 11. B and are often pioneers in hostile environments
2. B 12. B where few other organisms can flourish.
3. C 13. B
They have been known to grow B. Birds
endolithically, having been discovered thriving inside C. Reptiles
of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help reduce erosion by D. Mammals
stabilizing soil. Saveral kinds of insects glue lichens to
their exoskeletons for camouflage. 6. The true nature of the relationship between the lichen components
was clarified by
Many species of birds use lichens as building A. Examining lichens with a microscope
materials for nests. Human have used lichens for B. Observing lichens palced in the dark
dyes and antibiotics. C. Observing the lichen component when grown apart
D. Decreasing the amount of nutrients available to the lichens
1. Which of the following best describes lichen association?
A. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims. 7. In line 27, the word "hostile" is clossestnin the meaning to
B. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga A. Unusual
C. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the B. Cool
second autotrophic C. Untraveled
D. A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga D. Inhospitable
2. The word "hardly" in line 26 is clossest in meaning to 8. An endolithic lichen is one that
A. Tender A. Grows in the canopies of trees
B. Durable B. Grows inside rocks
C. Armed C. Grows at very high altitudes
D. Beneficial D. Grows inside other organism, including other lichens
3. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live 9. Many lichens contribute at the communities they in habits by
close together and
A. One organism parasitizes the other A. Removing pollutants from the air
B. Both organism benefit from the association B. Controlling wood-rotting fungi
C. Both organism are harmed by the association C. Slowing the spread of viruses
D. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by D. Reducing soil erosion
the association
Question 11 through 20 are based on the following passage.
4. In line 7, the word "intimate" is nearest in meaning to
A. living When buying a house, you must be sure to
B. Extraordinary have it checked for termites. A termite is much like an
C. Biological ant in its communal habits, although physically the
D. Close two insects are distinct.
Like those ants, termite colonies consist of
5. Lichen serves as camouflage for which of the following? different classes, each with its own particular job. The
A. Insects most perfectly formed termites, both male and
female, make up the productive class. They have eyes, C. Workers are smaller than soldiers
hard body walls and fully developed wings. A pair of D. Termites do not fly often
reproductive termites founds the colony. When new
reproductive termites develop, they leave to form 13. In line 4, the word "distinct" is closest in meaning to
another colony. They use their wings only this on time A. Similar
and then break them off. B. Different
The worker termites are small, blind and C. Genetically related
wingless, with soft bodies. They make up the majority D. Strong
of the colony and do all the work. Soldiers are
eyeless and wingless but are larger than the workers 14. In line 6, "classes" is closest in meaning to
and have hard heads and strong jaws and legs. They A. Sexes
defend the colony and are cared for by the workers. B. Colonies
The male and female of the reproductive C. Courses
class remain inside a closed-in cell when the female D. Categories
lays thousands of eggs. The workers place the eggs
in cell and care for them. Even if one colony is treated 15. Which of the following statements is probably true?
with poison, if a male and female of the reproductive A. Thousands of termites may move together to develop a new
class escape, they can form a new colony. colony
Pest control companies can inspect a house B. The male and female reproductions do not venture outdoors
for infestation of termites. Often, of lay person can not except
spot the evidence, so it is critical to have the opinion to form a new colony.
of a proffesional. Treatments vary depending upon C. There are more soldiers than workers
the type of termite. D. A worker could easily kill a soldier
10. How are termites like ants? 16. The word "founds" in line 10 is nearest in meaning to
A. They live in communities, and each class has a specific duty A. Establishes
B. Their bodies are the same shape B. Destroys
C. The king and queen are imprisoned C. Control
D. The females' reproductive capacities are the same D. Guards
11. The word "communal" in line 3 is closest in meaning to 17. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. Eating A. Termites Destroy Houses
B. Reproducing B. Termites Work Well Together
C. Organizational C. The Habits and Physical Characteristics of Termites
D. Social D. The relationship of Soldier and Worker Termites
12. Which of the following is not true? 18. The word "each" in line 6 refers to
A. All termites have eyes A. Ants
B. Some termites cannot fly B. Colonies
C. Jobs
D. Classes
KUNCI JAWABAN :
1. B 10. A
2. B 11. D
3. B 12. B
4. D 13. B
5. A 14. D
6. C 15. B
7. A 16. A
8. C 17. C
9. D 18. B