SITUATION : Devon, A registered nurse, witnessed an old woman hit by a motorcycle

while crossing a train railway. The old woman fell at the railway. Devon rushed at
the scene.

1. As a registered nurse, Devon knew that the first thing that he will do at the
scene is

A. Stay with the person, Encourage her to remain still and Immobilize the leg while
While waiting for the ambulance.
B. Leave the person for a few moments to call for help.
C. Reduce the fracture manually.
D. Move the person to a safer place.

2. Devon suspects a hip fracture when he noticed that the old womans leg is

A. Lengthened, Abducted and Internally Rotated.

B. Shortened, Abducted and Externally Rotated.
C. Shortened, Adducted and Internally Rotated.
D. Shortened, Adducted and Externally Rotated.

3. The old woman complains of pain. Devon noticed that the knee is reddened, warm
to touch and swollen. John interprets that this signs and symptoms are likely
related to

A. Infection
C. Thrombophlebitis
B. Inflammation
D. Degenerative disease

4. The old woman told Devon that she has osteoporosis; Devon knew that all of the
following factors would contribute to osteoporosis except

A. Hypothyroidism
B. End stage renal disease
C. Cushings Disease
D. Taking Furosemide and Phenytoin.

5. The old woman was now immobilized and brought to the emergency room. The X-ray
shows a fractured femur and pelvis. The ER Nurse would carefully monitor the old
woman for which of the following sign and symptoms?

A. Tachycardia and Hypotension

B. Fever and Bradycardia
C. Bradycardia and Hypertension
D. Fever and Hypertension

SITUATION: Mr. Roxas, an obese 35 year old MS Professor is admitted due to pain in
his weight bearing joint. The diagnosis was Osteoarthritis.

6. As a nurse, you instructed Mr. Roxas how to use a cane. Mr. Roxas has a weakness
on his right leg due to self immobilization and guarding. You plan to teach Mr.
Roxas to hold the cane

A. On his left hand, because his right side is weak.

B. On his left hand, because of reciprocal motion.
C. On his right hand, to support the right leg.
D. On his right hand, because only his right leg is weak.

7. You also told Mr. Roxas to hold the cane

A. one (1) inches in front of the foot.
B. three (3) inches at the lateral side of the foot.
c. six (6) inches at the lateral side of the foot.
D. twelve (12) inches at the lateral side of the foot.

8. Mr. Roxas was discharged and 6 months later, he came back to the emergency room
of the hospital because he suffered a mild stroke. The right side of the brain was
affected. At the rehabilitative phase of your nursing care, you observed that Mr.
Roxas uses a cane and you intervene if you see him

A. moves the cane when the right leg is moved.

B. leans on the cane when the right leg swings through.
C. keeps the cane 6 inches out to the side of the right foot.
D. holds the cane on the right side.

SITUATION: Alfred, a 40 year old construction worker developed cough, night sweats
and fever. He was brought to the nursing unit for diagnostic studies. He told the
nurse he did not receive a BCG vaccine during childhood

9. The nurse performs a Mantoux Test. The nurse knows that Mantoux Test is also
known as

A. PPD
B. PDP
C. PDD
D. DPP

10. The nurse would inject the solution in what route?

A. IM
B. IV
C. ID
D. SC

11. The nurse notes that a positive result for Alfred is

A. 5 mm wheal
B. 5 mm Induration
C. 10 mm Wheal
D. 10 mm Induration

12. The nurse told Alfred to come back after

A. a week
B. 48 hours
C. 1 day
D. 4 days

13. Mang Alfred returns after the Mantoux Test. The test result read POSITIVE. What
should be the nurses next action?

A. Call the Physician

B. Notify the radiology dept. for CXR evaluation
C. Isolate the patient
D. Order for a sputum exam

14. Why is Mantoux test not routinely done in the Philippines?

A. It requires a highly skilled nurse to perform a Mantoux test
B. The sputum culture is the gold standard of PTB Diagnosis and it will
definitively determine the extent of the cavitary lesions
C. Chest X Ray Can diagnose the specific microorganism responsible for the lesions
D. Almost all Filipinos will test positive for Mantoux Test

15. Mang Alfred is now a new TB patient with an active disease. What is his
category according to the DOH?

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV

16. How long is the duration of the maintenance phase of his treatment?

A. 2 months
B. 3 months
C. 4 months
D. 5 months

17. Which of the following drugs is UNLIKELY given to Mang Alfred during the
maintenance phase?

A. Rifampicin
B. Isoniazid
C. Ethambutol
D. Pyridoxine

18. According to the DOH, the most hazardous period for development of clinical
disease is during the first

A. 6-12 months after

B. 3-6 months after
C. 1-2 months after
D. 2-4 weeks after

19. This is the name of the program of the DOH to control TB in the country

A. DOTS
B. National Tuberculosis Control Program
C. Short Coursed Chemotherapy
D. Expanded Program for Immunization

20. Susceptibility for tuberculosis is increased markedly in those with the

following condition except

A. 23 Year old athlete with diabetes insipidus

B. 23 Year old athlete taking long term Decadron therapy and anabolic steroids
C. 23 Year old athlete taking illegal drugs and abusing substances
D. Undernourished and Underweight individual who undergone gastrectomy

21. Direct sputum examination and Chest X-ray of TB symptomatic is in what level of
prevention?

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quarterly
SITUATION: Marvin, A male patient diagnosed with colon cancer was newly put in
colostomy.

22. Marvin shows the BEST adaptation with the new colostomy if he shows which of
the following?

A. Look at the ostomy site

B. Participate with the nurse in his daily ostomy care
C. Ask for leaflets and contact numbers of ostomy support groups
D. Talk about his ostomy openly to the nurse and friends

23. The nurse plans to teach Marvin about colostomy irrigation. As the nurse
prepares the materials needed, which of the following item indicates that the nurse
needs further instruction?

A. Plain NSS / Normal Saline

B. K-Y Jelly
C. Tap water
D. Irrigation sleeve

24. The nurse should insert the colostomy tube for irrigation at approximately

A. 1-2 inches
B. 3-4 inches
C. 6-8 inches
D. 12-18 inches

25. The maximum height of irrigation solution for colostomy is

A. 5 inches
B. 12 inches
C. 18 inches
D. 24 inches

26. Which of the following behavior of the client indicates the best initial step
in learning to care for his colostomy?

A. Ask to defer colostomy care to another individual

B. Promises he will begin to listen the next day
C. Agrees to look at the colostomy
D. States that colostomy care is the function of the nurse while he is in the
hospital

27. While irrigating the clients colostomy, Marvin suddenly complains of severe
cramping. Initially, the nurse would

A. Stop the irrigation by clamping the tube

B. Slow down the irrigation
C. Tell the client that cramping will subside and is normal
D. Notify the physician

28. The next day, the nurse will assess Marvins stoma. The nurse noticed that a
prolapsed stoma is evident if she sees which of the following?

A. A sunken and hidden stoma

B. A dusky and bluish stoma
C. A narrow and flattened stoma
D. Protruding stoma with swollen appearance
29. Marvin asked the nurse, what foods will help lessen the odor of his colostomy.
The nurse best response would be

A. Eat eggs
B. Eat cucumbers
C. Eat beet greens and parsley
D. Eat broccoli and spinach

30. The nurse will start to teach Marvin about the techniques for colostomy
irrigation. Which of the following should be included in the nurses teaching plan?

A. Use 500 ml to 1,000 ml NSS

B. Suspend the irrigant 45 cm above the stoma
C. Insert the cone 4 cm in the stoma
D. If cramping occurs, slow the irrigation

31. The nurse knew that the normal color of Marvins stoma should be

A. Brick Red
B. Gray
C. Blue
D. Pale Pink

SITUATION: John Lloyd, a 27 basketball player sustained inhalation burn that

required him to have tracheostomy due to massive upper airway edema.

32. Wilma, His sister and a nurse is suctioning the tracheostomy tube of John
Lloyd. Which of the following, if made by Wilma indicates that she is committing an
error?

A. Hyperventilating John Lloyd with 100% oxygen before and after suctioning
B. Instilling 3 to 5 ml normal saline to loosen up secretion
C. Applying suction during catheter withdrawal
D. Suction the client every hour

33. What size of suction catheter would Wilma use for John Lloyd, who is 6 feet 5
inches in height and weighing approximately 145 lbs?

A. Fr. 5
B. Fr. 10
C. Fr. 12
D. Fr. 18

34. Wilma is using a portable suction unit at home, What is the amount of suction
required by John Lloyd using this unit?

A. 2-5 mmHg
B. 5-10 mmHg
C. 10-15 mmHg
D. 20-25 mmHg

35. If a Wall unit is used, What should be the suctioning pressure required by John
Lloyd?

A. 50-95 mmHg
B. 95-110 mmHg
C. 100-120 mmHg
D. 155-175 mmHg
36. Wilma was shocked to see that the Tracheostomy was dislodged. Both the inner
and outer cannulas was removed and left hanging on John Lloyd neck. What are the
two (2) equipments at John Lloyds bedside that could help Wilma deal with this
situation?

A. New set of tracheostomy tubes and Oxygen tank

B. Theophylline and Epinephrine
C. Obturator and Kelly clamp
D. Sterile saline dressing

37. Which of the following method if used by Wilma will best assure that the
tracheostomy ties are not too tightly placed?

A. Wilma places 2 fingers between the tie and neck

B. The tracheotomy can be pulled slightly away from the neck
C. John Lloyd neck veins are not engorged
D. Wilma measures the tie from the nose to the tip of the earlobe and to the
xiphoid process.

38. Wilma knew that John Lloyd have an adequate respiratory condition if she
notices that

A. John Lloyd respiratory rate is 18

B. John Lloyd Oxygen saturation is 91%
C. There are frank blood suction from the tube
D. There are moderate amount of tracheobronchial secretions

39. Wilma knew that the maximum time when suctioning John Lloyd is

A. 10 seconds
B. 20 seconds
C. 30 seconds
D. 45 seconds

SITUATION : John Smith was diagnosed with Acute Close Angle Glaucoma. He is being
seen by Nurse Jet.

40. What specific manifestation would nurse Jet see in Acute close angle glaucoma
that she would not see in an open angle glaucoma?

A. Loss of peripheral vision

B. Irreversible vision loss
C. There is an increase in IOP
D. Pain

41. Nurse jet knew that Acute close angle glaucoma is caused by

A. Sudden blockage of the anterior angle by the base of the iris

B. Obstruction in trabecular meshwork
C. Gradual increase of IOP
D. An abrupt rise in IOP from 8 to 15 mmHg

42. Nurse jet performed a TONOMETRY test to Mr. Smith. What does this test measures

A. It measures the peripheral vision remaining on the client

B. Measures the Intra Ocular Pressure
C. Measures the Clients Visual Acuity
D. Determines the Tone of the eye in response to the sudden increase in IOP.
43. The Nurse notices that Mr. Smith cannot anymore determine RED from BLUE. The
nurse knew that which part of the eye is affected by this change?

A. IRIS
B. PUPIL
C. RODS [RETINA]
D. CONES [RETINA]

44. Nurse Jet knows that Aqueous Humor is produce where?

A. In the sub arachnoid space of the meninges

B. In the Lateral ventricles
C. In the Choroids
D. In the Ciliary Body

45. Nurse Jet knows that the normal IOP is

A. 8-21 mmHg
B. 2-7 mmHg
c. 31-35 mmHg
D. 15-30 mmHg

46. Nurse Jet wants to measure Mr. Smiths CN II Function. What test would Nurse
Jet implement to measure CN IIs Acuity?

A. Slit lamp
B. Snellens Chart
C. Woods light
D. Gonioscopy

47. The Doctor orders pilocarpine. Nurse jet knows that the action of this drug is
to

A. Contract the Ciliary muscle

B. Relax the Ciliary muscle
C. Dilate the pupils
D. Decrease production of Aqueous Humor

48. The doctor orders timolol [timoptic]. Nurse jet knows that the action of this
drug is

A. Reduce production of CSF

B. Reduce production of Aquesous Humor
C. Constrict the pupil
D. Relaxes the Ciliary muscle

49. When caring for Mr. Smith, Jet teaches the client to avoid

A. Watching large screen TVs

B. Bending at the waist
C. Reading books
D. Going out in the sun

50. Mr. Smith has undergone eye angiography using an Intravenous dye and
fluoroscopy. What activity is contraindicated immediately after procedure?

A. Reading newsprint
B. Lying down
C. Watching TV
D. Listening to the music

51. If Mr. Smith is receiving pilocarpine, what drug should always be available in
any case systemic toxicity occurs?

A. Atropine Sulfate
B. Pindolol [Visken]
C. Naloxone Hydrochloride [Narcan]
D. Mesoridazine Besylate [Serentil]

SITUATION : Wide knowledge about the human ear, its parts and its functions will
help a nurse assess and analyze changes in the adult clients health.

52. Nurse Anna is doing a caloric testing to his patient, Aida, a 55 year old
university professor who recently went into coma after being mauled by her
disgruntled 3rd year nursing students whom she gave a failing mark. After
instilling a warm water in the ear, Anna noticed a rotary nystagmus towards the
irrigated ear. What does this means?

A. Indicates a CN VIII Dysfunction

B. Abnormal
C. Normal
D. Inconclusive

53. Ear drops are prescribed to an infant, The most appropriate method to
administer the ear drops is

A. Pull the pinna up and back and direct the solution towards the eardrum
B. Pull the pinna down and back and direct the solution onto the wall of the canal
C. Pull the pinna down and back and direct the solution towards the eardrum
D. Pull the pinna up and back and direct the solution onto the wall of the canal

54. Nurse Jenny is developing a plan of care for a patient with Menieres disease.
What is the priority nursing intervention in the plan of care for this particular
patient?

A. Air, Breathing, Circulation

B. Love and Belongingness
C. Food, Diet and Nutrition
D. Safety

55. After mastoidectomy, Nurse John should be aware that the cranial nerve that is
usually damage after this procedure is

A. CN I
B. CN II
C. CN VII
D. CN VI

56. The physician orders the following for the client with Menieres disease. Which
of the following should the nurse question?

A. Dipenhydramine [Benadryl]
B. Atropine sulfate
C. Out of bed activities and ambulation
D. Diazepam [Valium]

57. Nurse Anna is giving dietary instruction to a client with Menieres disease.
Which statement if made by the client indicates that the teaching has been
successful?

A. I will try to eat foods that are low in sodium and limit my fluid intake
B. I must drink atleast 3,000 ml of fluids per day
C. I will try to follow a 50% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 20% protein diet
D. I will not eat turnips, red meat and raddish

58. Peachy was rushed by his father, Steven into the hospital admission. Peachy is
complaining of something buzzing into her ears. Nurse Joemar assessed peachy and
found out It was an insect. What should be the first thing that Nurse Joemar should
try to remove the insect out from peachys ear?

A. Use a flashlight to coax the insect out of peachys ear

B. Instill an antibiotic ear drops
C. Irrigate the ear
D. Pick out the insect using a sterile clean forceps

59. Following an ear surgery, which statement if heard by Nurse Oca from the
patient indicates a correct understanding of the post operative instructions?

A. Activities are resumed within 5 days

B. I will make sure that I will clean my hair and face to prevent infection
C. I will use straw for drinking
D. I should avoid air travel for a while

60. Nurse Oca will do a caloric testing to a client who sustained a blunt injury in
the head. He instilled a cold water in the clients right ear and he noticed that
nystagmus occurred towards the left ear. What does this finding indicates?

A. Indicating a Cranial Nerve VIII Dysfunction

B. The test should be repeated again because the result is vague
C. This is Grossly abnormal and should be reported to the neurosurgeon
D. This indicates an intact and working vestibular branch of CN VIII

61. A client with Cataract is about to undergo surgery. Nurse Oca is preparing plan
of care. Which of the following nursing diagnosis is most appropriate to address
the long term need of this type of patient?

A. Anxiety R/T to the operation and its outcome

B. Sensory perceptual alteration R/T Lens extraction and replacement
C. Knowledge deficit R/T the pre operative and post operative self care
D. Body Image disturbance R/T the eye packing after surgery

62. Nurse Joseph is performing a WEBERS TEST. He placed the tuning fork in the
patients forehead after tapping it onto his knee. The client states that the fork
is louder in the LEFT EAR. Which of the following is a correct conclusion for nurse
Josph to make?

A. He might have a sensory hearing loss in the left ear

B. Conductive hearing loss is possible in the right ear
C. He might have a sensory hearing loss in the right hear, and/or a conductive
hearing loss in the left ear.
D. He might have a conductive hearing loss in the right ear, and/or a sensory
hearing loss in the left ear.

63. Aling myrna has Menieres disease. What typical dietary prescription would nurse
Oca expect the doctor to prescribe?
A. A low sodium , high fluid intake
B. A high calorie, high protein dietary intake
C. low fat, low sodium and high calorie intake
D. low sodium and restricted fluid intake

SITUATION : A 45 year old male construction worker was admitted to a tertiary

hospital for incessant vomiting. Assessment disclosed: weak rapid pulse, acute
weight loss of 0.5kg, furrows in his tongue, slow flattening of the skin was noted
when the nurse released her pinch. Temperature: 35.8 C , BUN Creatinine ratio :
10 : 1, He also complains for postural hypotension. There was no infection.

64. Which of the following is the appropriate nursing diagnosis?

A. Fluid volume deficit R/T furrow tongue

B. Fluid volume deficit R/T uncontrolled vomiting
C. Dehydration R/T subnormal body temperature
D. Dehydration R/T incessant vomiting

65. Approximately how much fluid is lost in acute weight loss of 0.5kg?

A. 50 ml
B. 750 ml
C. 500 ml
D. 75 ml

66. Postural Hypotension is

A. A drop in systolic pressure less than 10 mmHg when patient changes position from
lying to sitting.
B. A drop in systolic pressure greater than 10 mmHg when patient changes position
from lying to sitting
C. A drop in diastolic pressure less than 10 mmHg when patient changes position
from lying to sitting
D. A drop in diastolic pressure greater than 10 mmHg when patient changes position
from lying to sitting

67. Which of the following measures will not help correct the patients condition

A. Offer large amount of oral fluid intake to replace fluid lost

B. Give enteral or parenteral fluid
C. Frequent oral care
D. Give small volumes of fluid at frequent interval

68. After nursing intervention, you will expect the patient to have

1. Maintain body temperature at 36.5 C

2. Exhibit return of BP and Pulse to normal
3. Manifest normal skin turgor of skin and tongue
4. Drinks fluids as prescribed

A. 1,3
B. 2,4
C. 1,3,4
D. 2,3,4

SITUATION: A 65 year old woman was admitted for Parkinsons Disease. The charge
nurse is going to make an initial assessment.

69. Which of the following is a characteristic of a patient with advanced

Parkinsons disease?

A. Disturbed vision
B. Forgetfulness
C. Mask like facial expression
D. Muscle atrophy

70. The onset of Parkinsons disease is between 50-60 years old. This disorder is
caused by

A. Injurious chemical substances

B. Hereditary factors
C. Death of brain cells due to old age
D. Impairment of dopamine producing cells in the brain

71. The patient was prescribed with levodopa. What is the action of this drug?

A. Increase dopamine availability

B. Activates dopaminergic receptors in the basal ganglia
C. Decrease acetylcholine availability
D. Release dopamine and other catecholamine from neurological storage sites

72. You are discussing with the dietician what food to avoid with patients taking
levodopa?

A. Vitamin C rich food

B. Vitamin E rich food
C. Thiamine rich food
D. Vitamin B6 rich food

73. One day, the patient complained of difficulty in walking. Your response would
be

A. You will need a cane for support

B. Walk erect with eyes on horizon
C. Ill get you a wheelchair
D. Dont force yourself to walk

SITUATION: Mr. Dela Isla, a client with early Dementia exhibits thought process
disturbances.

74. The nurse will assess a loss of ability in which of the following areas?

A. Balance
B. Judgment
C. Speech
D. Endurance

75. Mr. Dela Isla said he cannot comprehend what the nurse was saying. He suffers
from:

A. Insomnia
B. Aphraxia
C. Agnosia
D. Aphasia

76. The nurse is aware that in communicating with an elderly client, the nurse will

A. Lean and shout at the ear of the client

B. Open mouth wide while talking to the client
C. Use a low-pitched voice
D. Use a medium-pitched voice

77. As the nurse talks to the daughter of Mr. Dela Isla, which of the following
statement of the daughter will require the nurse to give further teaching?

A. I know the hallucinations are parts of the disease

B. I told her she is wrong and I explained to her what is right
C. I help her do some tasks he cannot do for himself
D. Ill turn off the TV when we go to another room

78. Which of the following is most important discharge teaching for Mr. Dela Isla

A. Emergency Numbers
B. Drug Compliance
C. Relaxation technique
D. Dietary prescription

SITUATION : Knowledge of the drug prophantheline bromide [Probanthine] Is necessary

in treatment of various disorders.

79. What is the action of this drug?

A. Increases glandular secretion for clients affected with cystic fibrosis

B. Dissolve blockage of the urinary tract due to obstruction of cystine stones
C. Reduces secretion of the glandular organ of the body
D. Stimulate peristalsis for treatment of constipation and obstruction

80. What should the nurse caution the client when using this medication

A. Avoid hazardous activities like driving, operating machineries etc.

B. Take the drug on empty stomach
C. Take with a full glass of water in treatment of Ulcerative colitis
D. I must take double dose if I missed the previous dose

81. Which of the following drugs are not compatible when taking Probanthine?

A. Caffeine
B. NSAID
C. Acetaminophen
D. Alcohol

82. What should the nurse tell clients when taking Probanthine?

A. Avoid hot weathers to prevent heat strokes

B. Never swim on a chlorinated pool
C. Make sure you limit your fluid intake to 1L a day
D. Avoid cold weathers to prevent hypothermia

83. Which of the following disease would Probanthine exert the much needed action
for control or treatment of the disorder?

A. Urinary retention
B. Peptic Ulcer Disease
C. Ulcerative Colitis
D. Glaucoma

SITUATION : Mr. Francisco, 70 years old, suddenly could not lift his spoons nor
speak at breakfast. He was rushed to the hospital unconscious. His diagnosis was
CVA.

84. Which of the following is the most important assessment during the acute stage
of an unconscious patient like Mr. Francisco?

A. Level of awareness and response to pain

B. Papillary reflexes and response to sensory stimuli
C. Coherence and sense of hearing
D. Patency of airway and adequacy of respiration

85. Considering Mr. Franciscos conditions, which of the following is most

important to include in preparing Franciscos bedside equipment?

A. Hand bell and extra bed linen

B. Sandbag and trochanter rolls
C. Footboard and splint
D. Suction machine and gloves

86. What is the rationale for giving Mr. Francisco frequent mouth care?

A. He will be thirsty considering that he is doesnt drink enough fluids

B. To remove dried blood when tongue is bitten during a seizure
C. The tactile stimulation during mouth care will hasten return to consciousness
D. Mouth breathing is used by comatose patient and itll cause oral mucosa dying
and cracking.

87. One of the complications of prolonged bed rest is decubitus ulcer. Which of the
following can best prevent its occurrence?

A. Massage reddened areas with lotion or oils

B. Turn frequently every 2 hours
C. Use special water mattress
D. Keep skin clean and dry

88. If Mr. Franciscos Right side is weak, What should be the most accurate
analysis by the nurse?

A. Expressive aphasia is prominent on clients with right sided weakness

B. The affected lobe in the patient is the Right lobe
C. The client will have problems in judging distance and proprioception
D. Clients orientation to time and space will be much affected

SITUATION : a 20 year old college student was rushed to the ER of PGH after he
fainted during their ROTC drill. Complained of severe right iliac pain. Upon
palpation of his abdomen, Ernie jerks even on slight pressure. Blood test was
ordered. Diagnosis is acute appendicitis.

89. Which result of the lab test will be significant to the diagnosis?

A. RBC : 4.5 TO 5 Million / cu. mm.

B. Hgb : 13 to 14 gm/dl.
C. Platelets : 250,000 to 500,000 cu.mm.
D. WBC : 12,000 to 13,000/cu.mm

90. Stat appendectomy was indicated. Pre op care would include all of the following
except?

A. Consent signed by the father

B. Enema STAT
C. Skin prep of the area including the pubis
D. Remove the jewelries

91. Pre-anesthetic med of Demerol and atrophine sulfate were ordered to :

A. Allay anxiety and apprehension

B. Reduce pain
C. Prevent vomiting
D. Relax abdominal muscle

92. Common anesthesia for appendectomy is

A. Spinal
B. General
C. Caudal
D. Hypnosis

93. Post op care for appendectomy include the following except

A. Early ambulation
B. Diet as tolerated after fully conscious
C. Nasogastric tube connect to suction
D. Deep breathing and leg exercise

94. Peritonitis may occur in ruptured appendix and may cause serious problems which
are

1. Hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalance

2. Elevated temperature, weakness and diaphoresis
3. Nausea and vomiting, rigidity of the abdominal wall
4. Pallor and eventually shock

A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1,2,3
D. All of the above

95. If after surgery the patients abdomen becomes distended and no bowel sounds
appreciated, what would be the most suspected complication?

A. Intussusception
B. Paralytic Ileus
C. Hemorrhage
D. Ruptured colon

96. NGT was connected to suction. In caring for the patient with NGT, the nurse
must

A. Irrigate the tube with saline as ordered

B. Use sterile technique in irrigating the tube
C. advance the tube every hour to avoid kinks
D. Offer some ice chips to wet lips

97. When do you think the NGT tube be removed?

A. When patient requests for it

B. Abdomen is soft and patient asks for water
C. Abdomen is soft and flatus has been expelled
D. B and C only

Situation: Amanda is suffering from chronic arteriosclerosis Brain syndrome she

fell while getting out of the bed one morning and was brought to the hospital, and
she was diagnosed to have cerebrovascular thrombosis thus transferred to a nursing
home.

98. What do you call a STROKE that manifests a bizarre behavior?

A. Inorganic Stroke
B. Inorganic Psychoses
C. Organic Stroke
D. Organic Psychoses

99. The main difference between chronic and organic brain syndrome is that, the
former

A. Occurs suddenly and reversible

B. Is progressive and reversible
C. tends to be progressive and irreversible
D. Occurs suddenly and irreversible

100. Which behavior results from organic psychoses?

A. Memory deficit
B. Disorientation
C. Impaired Judgement
D. Inappropriate affect

Answers and Rationale

Here are the answers and rationale for this exam. Counter check your answers to
those below and tell us your scores. If you have any disputes or need more
clarification to a certain question, please direct them to the comments section.

1. D. Move the person to a safer place

The old woman is in the middle of a train railway. It is very unsafe to immobilize
here legs and remain still at the middle of a railway considering that a train
might come anytime while waiting for an ambulance. Safety is the utmost importance
at this point. If letter D is not among the choices and the situation is a little
less dangerous, the answer will be A. Remember that in all cases of emergencies,
removing the victim from the scene to a much safer place is a priority.

2. D. Shortened, Adducted and Externally Rotated.

SADDER should be your keyword. A hip fracture will produce a SHORTENED, ADDUCTED
AND EXTERNALLY ROTATED extremity. Treatment will evolve in casting the leg and
putting it in a EXTENSION, NEUTRALLY POSITIONED and SLIGHT INTERNAL ROTATION. In
Hip prosthesis, The nurse should maintain the clients leg in FLEXION, EXTERNAL
ROTATION and ABDUCTION to prevent the dislocation of the prosthesis from the
acetabulum. Take note of the difference because I mistakenly answered the LATTER in
casting a hip fracture thinking that it is similar to a the leg positioning in hip
dislocation. Just imagine a patient with a cast that has his leg in ABDUCTION,
EXTERNAL ROTATION AND FLEXION. It will cause flexion contractures.

3. B. Inflammation
After a trauma, Inflammation will start almost instantly. Infection occurs 24-48
hours after bone fracture and not immediately. Thrombophlebitis occurs within 4 to
7 days of hospitalization after prolonged immobilization. There is no evidence that
the client has a degenerative disease and degenerative diseases will manifest in
variety of ways and not after a trauma.

4. A. Hypothyroidism
B,C,D all contributes to bone demineralization except HYPOTHYROIDISM.
Hyperthyroidism will contribute to bone demineralization as well as
Hyperparathyroidism due to the increase in PTH, It will cause the movement of
calcium from the bone to the blood causing HYPERCALCEMIA. ESRD will cause increase
in PHOSPHATE due to its poor excretion. The amount of phosphate is inversely
proportional to the amount of calcium. Cushing disease promotes bone
demineralization as well as medications like diuretics and anti convulsants.

5. A. Tachycardia and Hypotension

hemorrhage results in severing of the vascular supply of the bone of the femur and
the pelvis due to the fracture leading to bleeding causing the s/s of tachycardia
and hypotension.

6. B. On his left hand, because of reciprocal motion.

Reciprocal motion is a very important aspect of rehabilitation. Mr. Roxas has a
weakness on his right leg. If a human moves his right leg, the left arm will
accompany the movement of the right leg. That is what you call RECIPROCAL MOTION
which is innate, natural and required to maintain balance. Mr. Roxas has weakness
in his RIGHT LEG. If we put the cane on his right arm, The client will then be left
UNSUPPORTED when he use his stronger leg [LEFT LEG] and stand with his weaker leg
[RIGHT LEG] due to the fact that the opposite arm must accompany the movement of
the opposite leg [RIGHT ARM]. In a more easier term, Always put the cane on the
opposite of the weaker side. A is not correct because the client is NOT hemiplegic
and will never be correct to reason out why the cane must always be at the opposite
of the weaker side, it will always be due to reciprocal motion.

7. C. 6 Inches at the lateral side of the foot.

Remove option A, the client will kick off the cane if it was in the front of the
foot. Remove option D because that is too far and will cause the cane to poorly
support the client because the side, not the tip, is touching the ground. At 3
inches, imagine how short it is and will cause a very poor supporting base. The
correct answer is anywhere from 6 to 10 inches for both crutches and cane.

8. A. Moves the cane when the right leg is moved.

If the right side of the brain is affected, weakness will always be CONTRALATERAL
and therefore, Mr. Roxas will have weakness on his left side. Earlier I told you
that cane is held on the opposite side of the weaker side, which in this situation,
will be on the RIGHT. Imagine if the client moves his RIGHT LEG together with the
RIGHT CANE, it already violated the LAW OF RECIPROCAL MOTION. Moving the right leg
will require Mr. Roxas to move his left arm and not the cane, which is on his
right.

9. A. PPD
PPD stands for purified protein derivative. It is used to check for TB exposure.
All clients who had BCG need not perform this test because they will always be +.

10. C. ID
A Wheal is created intradermally and then it is marked and timed. reading will be
done within 2 to 3 days.

11. D. 10 mm Induration
10 mm Induration [ redness ] is considered positive for individuals with
competitive immune response. Wheals are not measured, they will not anymore
enlarge. A 5 mm induration is considered positive for patients with AIDS or
immunocompromised.
12. B. 48 hours
Clients are asked to comeback within 2 to 3 days for the reading.

13. A. Call the Physician

The nurse has no authority order the radiology department for a chest x ray
evaluation nor order for a sputum exam. The client need not be isolated because
Mantoux test do not determine the activeness of the disease.

14. D. Almost all Filipinos will test positive for Mantoux Test
almost all filipinos tests positive for mantoux test due to the fact that BCG are
required and TB exposure in the country is fulminant. All individuals vaccinated
with BCG will test POSITIVE for mantoux test all their lives.

15. A. I
Category I patients are those with a newly diagnosed TB whose sputum culture are
positive. II are for those who have relapses while III are those with negative
sputum culture but positive chest x ray, or PTB Minimal.

16. C. 4 months
Clients in category I will have 2 months INTENSIVE and 4 months maintenance
treatment.

17. C. Ethambutol
Drugs given in the maintenance phase includes Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Ethambutol
is given on the intensive phase along with rifampicin and isoniazid. Pyridoxine is
given during Isoniazid treatment to prevent peripheral neuritis in contrast in
treatment of parkinsonism with levodopa, Pyridoxine or VB6 is restricted.

18. A. 6-12 months after

According to the department of health, the most hazardous period for development of
clinical disease is during the first 6 to 12 months.

19. B. National Tuberculosis Control Program

National Tuberculosis Control Program is the name of the program of the DOH to
control and eradicate TB in the country. DOTS refers to the STRATEGY used by the
department in treating TB patients. EPI is not a program for TB control although
BCG is one of the vaccine given in this program.

20. A. 23 Year old athlete with diabetes insipidus

Nutrition, Long term immunosuppression and drug abuse are all factors that affects
the resistance of an individual in acquiring communicable diseases. Other factors
includes extremes of ages, poor environmental sanitation, poverty and poor living
conditions. Diabetes insipidus does not, in anyway alter a persons immune response.

21. B. Secondary
National board exam loves asking about level of prevention. Mastery with the
primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention is a must. All diagnostic,
case finding and treatment belongs to the secondary level of prevention.

22. B. Participate with the nurse in his daily ostomy care

Actual participation conveys positive acceptance and adjustment to the altered body
image. Although looking at the ostomy site also conveys acceptance and adjustment,
Participating with the nurse to his daily ostomy care is the BEST adaptation a
client can make during the first few days after colostomy creation.

23. A. Plain NSS / Normal Saline

The colon is not sterile, nor the stomach. Tap water is used in enema irrigation
and not NSS. Although some clients would prefer a distilled, mineral or filtered
water, NSS is not always necessary. KY Jelly is used as the lubricant for the
irrigation tube and is inserted 3-4 inches into the colostomy pointing towards the
RIGHT. Irrigation sleeve is use to direct the flow of the irrigated solution out of
the stomach and into the bedpan or toilet.

24. B. 3-4 inches

Remember 3-4 inches. They are both used in the rectal tube and colostomy irrigation
tube insertion. 1 to 2 inches is too short and may spill out the irrigant out of
the stoma. Starting from 6 inches, it would be too long already and may perforate
the bowel.

25. B. 12 inches or C. 18 inches

If you will answer in the CGFNS and NCLEX, C will be the correct answer. According
to BRUNNER AND SUDDARTHS and Saunders, The height of the colostomy irrigation bag
should be hanging above the clients shoulder at around 18 inches. According to
MOSBY, 12 inches should be the maximum height. According to Lippinncots, 18 inches
is the maximum height. According the the board of examiners, 12 inches should be
the maximum height and an 18 inches irrigant height would cause rapid flow of the
irrigant towards the colostomy. Therefore, answer in the local board should only be
at 12 inches.

26. C. Agrees to look at the colostomy

The client made the best initial step in learning to care for his colostomy once he
looks at the site. This is the start of the clients acceptance on his altered body
image. A,B and D delays learning and shows the clients disinterest regarding
colostomy care.

27. A. Stop the irrigation by clamping the tube

Stopping the irrigation will also stop the cramping and pain. During the first few
days of irrigation, The client will feel pain and cramping as soon as the irrigant
touches the bowel. This will start to lessen once the client got accustomed to
colostomy irrigation. Slowing down the irrigation will not stop the pain. Telling
the client that it is normal and will subside eventually is not acceptable when a
client experiences pain. Pain is all encompassing and always a priority over
anything else in most situations. Notifying the physician will not be helpful and
not necessary.

28. D. Protruding stoma with swollen appearance

A refers to a retracted stoma, B refers to a stoma that is getting a very poor
blood supply. C is a description of stenosis of the stoma.

29. C. Eat beet greens and parsley

Kinchay and Pechay helps lessen the odor of the colostomy. Spinach, broccoli,
Cabbage, Cucumbers, Patola or bottle gourd also help lessen the odor BUT are gas
formers. Eggs are not recommended because they are known to cause unpleasant odors
in patients with colostomy.

30. B. Suspend the irrigant 45 cm above the stoma

1 inches is equal to 2.54 cm. Convert the cm if you are not familiar. 45 cm is
around 17 inches which is ideal for colostomy irrigation. Any value from 12 to 18
is accepted as the colostomy irrigant height. Tap water is used as an irrigant and
is infused at room temperature. 4 cm is a little bit short for the ideal 3-4
inches. If cramping occurs STOP the irrigation and continue when is subsides.

31. A. Brick Red

The stoma should be RED in color. Pale pink are common with anemic or dehydrated
patients who lost a lot of blood after an operation. Blue stoma indicated cyanosis
or alteration in perfusion. Stomas are not expected to be Gray.
32. D. Suction the client every hour
This is unnecessary. Suctioning is done on PRN basis and not every hour. A,B and C
are all correct processes of suctioning a tracheostomy.

33. D. Fr. 18
The height is given and it looks like james is a very tall individual. The maximum
height of suction tube is used. fr 12-18 are used for adults while 6-8 are used in
children.

34. C. 10-15 mmHg

A is used in pediatric clients. B is for children and C is for adults. 20- 25 mmHg
is too much for a portable suction unit and is not recommended.

35. C. 100-120 mmHg

A is used in pediatric clients. B is for children and C is for adults. 155-175 mmHg
is too much for a wall suction unit and is not recommended.

36. C. Obturator and Kelly clamp

In an emergency like this, The first thing the nurse should do is maintaining the
airway patency. With the cannunlas dislodged, The stoma will stenosed and narrows
giving james an obstructed airway. The nurse would insert the kelly clamp to open
the stoma and lock the clamp in place to maintain it open while she uses an
obturator as to prevent further stenosis of the stoma. An obturator is a part of
the NGT package included by most manufacturers to guide the physician or nurses in
inserting the outer cannula.

37. A. Wilma places 2 fingers between the tie and neck

Wilma should place 2 fingers underneath the tie to ensure that it is not too tight
nor too loose. Letter D is the measurement for NGT insertion and is unrelated to
tracheostomy.

38. A. James respiratory rate is 18

an RR of 18 means that James is not tachypneic and has an adequate air exchange.
Oxygen saturation should be more than 95%. Frank blood is not expected in the
suction tube. A slight tinged of blood in the tube is acceptable and expected.
Amount of secretion are not in anyway related in assessing the respiratory
condition of a person and so is the amount of blood in the tube.

39. A. 10 seconds
According to our reviewers and lecturers, 10 to 15 seconds is the maximum suction
time. But according to almost all foreign books I read, it should only be 10
seconds at max. I prefer following Saunders,Mosby and Lippinncots when they are all
united.
40. D. Pain
There is NO PAIN in open angle glaucoma. A,B,C are all present in both glaucomas
including the low pressure glaucoma. Pain is absent because the increase in intra
ocular pressure is not initiated abruptly. It is gradual and progressive and will
lead to unnoticed loss of peripheral vision. Pain is present in acute close angle
glaucoma because there is a sudden closure or narrowing of the canal of schlemm.
Therefore if you will be ask what s/s is common in both, answer IRREVERSIBLE LOSS
OF PERIPHERAL VISION.

41. A. Sudden blockage of the anterior angle by the base of the iris
Sudden blockage of the angle will cause s/s of acute angle closure glaucoma. B and
C are all related to open angle glaucoma. D is insignificant, If the client bends
or cough, IOP can increase from 8 to as much as 30 mmHg but then return again to
normal.

42. B. Measures the Intraocular Pressure

Tonometry measures the IOP. Normal range is 8 to 21 mmHg.

43. D. CONES [RETINA]

CONES Are responsible for COLOR VISION and DAY VISION, they are very sensitive to
RED LIGHT that is why red lights are use to guide the elderly towards the bathroom
when they wake up to urinate. Rods are responsible for night vision. They are
sensitive to blue and green lights.

44. D. In the Ciliary Body

AH is produced in the CILIARY BODY. It is filtered by the trabecular meshwork into
the canal of schlemm.

45. A. 8-21 mmHg

46. B. Snellens Chart

CN II is the optic nerve. To assess its acuity, Snellen chart is used. Slit lamp is
the one you see in the usual Eye glasses shop where in, you need to look into its
binocular-like holes and the optometrist is on the other side to magnify the
structures of the eye to assess gross damage and structure. Woods light is a BLUE
LIGHT used in dermatology. It is use to mark lesions usually caused skin infection.
Gonioscopy is the angle measurement of the eye.

47. A. Contract the Ciliary muscle

When the ciliary muscles contract, pupils constrict and the angle widens causing an
increase AH outflow and decrease IOP. Relaxing the ciliary muscle will cause
mydriasis or dilation, it is used as a pre op meds for cataract surgery and eye
examination to better visualize the structures behind the iris. A and C are the
same. Other drugs like betaxolol, Acetazolamide and epinephrine are the drugs used
to decrease AH production.

48. B. Reduce production of Aqueous Humor

All the eye drops the ends in OLOL decreases AH production. They are BETA BLOCKERS.
Watch out for the S/S of congestive heart failure, bradycardia, hypotension and
arrhythmias.

49. B. Bending at the waist

Bending at the waist increase IOP and should be avoided by patients with glaucoma.
Treatment for glaucoma is usually for life. Patients are given laxatives to avoid
stratining at the stool. They should avoid all activities that will lead to sudden
IOP increase like bending at the waist. Clients should bend at the knees.

50. A. Reading newsprint

The client had an eye angiography. Eye angiography requires the use MYDRIATICS pre-
procedure. It is done by injecting an Intravenous dye and visualizes the flow of
the dye through the fluoroscopy along the vessels of the eye. This is to assess
macular degeneration or neovascularizations [ proliferation of new vessels to
compensate for continuous rupture and aneurysms of the existing vessels ]
Mydriatics usually takes 6 hours to a day to wear off. If client uses a mydriatic,
his pupil will dilate making it UNABLE to focus on closer objects. Only A
necessitates the constriction of the pupil to focus on a near object, which
Mr.Batumbakals eye cannot perform at this time.

51. A. Atropine Sulfate

Atropine sulfate is use to reverse the effects of systemic toxicity of pilocarpine.
Narcan is the antidote for respiratory depression caused by narcotics like morphine
and demerol. Serentil is an antipsychotic.

52. C. Normal
Rotary nystagmus towards the ear [ if warm ] or away from it [ if cool ] is a
normal response. It indicates that the CN VIII Vestibular branch is still intact.

53. B. Pull the pinna down and back and direct the solution onto the wall of the
canal
Instillation for children under age 3 is CHILD : DOWN AND BACK. Directing the
solution towards the eardrum might perforate or damage the infants fragile tympanic
membrane.

54. D. Safety
Although A is priority according to maslow, it is not specific in clients with
menieres disease. The client has an attack of incapacitating vertigo and client is
high risk for injury due to falls. The client will perceive the environment moving
due to disruption of the vestibular system of the ears normal function.

55. C. CN VII
The facial nerve branches from the back of the ear and spread towards the mouth,
cheeks, eyelids and almost all over the face. In mastoidectomy, Incision is made at
the back of the ears to clear the mastoid air cells of the mastoid bone that is
infected. Clients are at very high risk for CN VII injury because of this.
Observation during the post op after mastoidectomy should revolve around assessing
the clients CN VII integrity.

56. C. Out of bed activities and ambulation

Clients with acute attack of Menieres are required to have bed rest with side
rails up to prevent injury. During periods of incapacitating vertigo, patients
eyes will have rotary nystagmus because of the perception that the environment is
moving. Patients are also observed to hold the side rails so hard because they
thought they are going to fall. Benadryl is used in menieres due to its
antihistamine effects. B and D are used to allay clients anxiety and apprehension.

57. A. I will try to eat foods that are low in sodium and limit my fluid intake
Clients are advised to limit fluid and sodium intake as not to further cause
accumulation of fluids in the endolymph. C is the diabetic diet. D are the foods
not eaten when clients are about to have a guaiac test.

58. A. Use a flashlight to coax the insect out of peachys ear

Lights can coax the insect out of the childs ear. This is the first measure
employed in removing a live insect from the childs ear. Insects are not removed
ALIVE, therefore, C and D are both wrong. Antibiotics has no effects since the
child do not have any infection. If the insect did not come out after coaxing it
with light, 2nd measure employs instillation of diluted alcohol or a mineral oil to
kill the insect which is then removed using letter D.

59. D. I should avoid air travel for a while

After ear surgery, Air travel is halted for a while. There is no need to restrict
activities. The client is not allowed to shower for 7 days, Patient can clean
himself using a sponge bath but avoids to shampoo or wet the face and hair. Straws
are not used after ear surgery because sips increases pressure in the ear.

60. D. This indicates an intact and working vestibular branch of CN VIII

Rotary nystagmus towards the ear [ if warm ] or away from it [ if cool ] is a
normal response. It indicates that the CN VIII Vestibular branch is still intact.

61. B. Sensory perceptual alteration R/T Lens extraction and replacement

Patient do not have signs of anxiety, knowledge deficit or body image disturbance.
The safest answer is B because before cataract surgery, client has a blurry vision
that alters his sensory perception. After surgery client will be APHAKIC and again,
will have an alteration in perception until the aphakic glass is available.
62. C. He might have a sensory hearing loss in the right hear, and/or a conductive
hearing loss in the left ear.
Webers test assesses both air and bone conduction but is not decisive enough to
judge which is which. When the tuning fork is tapped on the examiners knee, it is
placed in the forehead or above the clients top lip. If the sound lateralizes
towards the left ear, its either, the client has conductive hearing loss towards
the left OR a sensory hearing loss in the right ear.

Why does conductive hearing produces a louder sound ?Conductive hearing loss is a
type of hearing loss where in, the ossicles hypertrophies, as in OTOSCLEROSIS. The
stape is permanently attached to the oval window and it would not bulge causing a
permanent LOUD conduction of sound using the bone because the stapes is already
attached permanently into the inner ear. In a normal state, It will not touch the
oval window unless a sound is transmitted. [ refer to the ear anatomy and
physiology ]

63. D. low sodium and restricted fluid intake

Clients are advised to limit fluid and sodium intake as not to further cause
accumulation of fluids in the endolymph. C is the diabetic diet. D are the foods
not eaten when clients are about to have a guaiac test.

64. B. Fluid volume deficit R/T uncontrolled vomiting

65. C. 500 ml
1L = 1kg

66. B. A drop in systolic pressure greater than 10 mmHg when patient changes
position from lying to sitting
Postural hypotension is exhibited by a drop of systolic BP when client changes
position from lying to sitting or standing.

67. A. Offer large amount of oral fluid intake to replace fluid lost
The patient will not tolerate large amount of oral fluid due to incessant vomiting.

68. D. 2,3,4
Client need not maintain a temperature of 36.5 C. As long as the client will
exhibit absence of fever or hypothermia, Nursing interventions are successfully
carried out.

69. C. Mask like facial expression

Parkinsons disease does not affect the cognitive ability of a person. It is a
disorder due to the depletion of the neurotransmitter dopamine which is needed for
inhibitory control of muscular contractions. Client will exhibit mask like facial
expression, Cogwheel rigidity, Bradykinesia, Shuffling gait etc. Muscle atrophy
does not occur in parkinsons disease nor visual disturbances.

70. D. Impairment of dopamine producing cells in the brain

Dopamine producing cells in the basal ganglia mysteriously deteriorates due to
unknown cause.

71. A. Increase dopamine availability

Levodopa is an altered form of dopamine. It is metabolized by the body and then
converted into dopamine for brains use thus increasing dopamine availability.
Dopamine is not given directly because of its inability to cross the BBB.

72. D. Vitamin B6 rich food

Vitamin b6 or pyridoxine is avoided in patients taking levodopa because levodopa
increases vitamin b6 availability leading to toxicity.
73. A. You will need a cane for support
Telling the client to walk erect neglects the clients complain of difficulty
walking. Wheelchair is as much as possible not used to still enhance the clients
motor function using a cane. Telling the client not to force himself walk is non
therapeutic. The client wants to talk and we should help her walk using devices
such as cane to provide support and prevent injuries.

74. D. Endurance
There will be alteration in balance because coordination and spatial ability
gradually deteriorates. Judgement is also impaired as the client exhibits poor
memory and concentration. Speech is severely altered. Client develops aphasia,
agnosia and in at end, will lose all the ability to speak without any manifestation
of motor problem.

75. D. Aphasia
This question was RECYCLED during the last 2006 NLE. Aphasia is the INABILITY to
speak or understand. Apraxia is the inability to carry out purposeful tasks.
Agnosia is the inability to recognize familiar objects. Insomnia is the inability
to fall asleep.

76. D. Use a medium-pitched voice

Talk as normally as possible. The client has dementia and is not deaf, although
hearing might be impaired progressively as the client ages, the nurse should not
alter his voice, shout or over enunciate the words. Client will perceive this
things as belittling and disrespectful.

77. B. I told her she is wrong and I explained to her what is right
Hallucinations and delusions are part of DEMENTIA and is termed as ORGANIC
PSYCHOSES. The daughter needs further teaching when she try to bargain, explain,
disapprove or advise a client with dementia. the client has an impaired judgement,
concentration, thinking, reasoning and memory and has inability to learn that is
why institutional care for clients with dementia is always required. The disease is
progressive and is not preventable.

78. B. Drug Compliance

Drug compliance is the most important teaching for Mr. Dela Isla to prevent the
symptoms of psychoses and to control behavioral symptoms.

79. C. Reduces secretion of the glandular organ of the body

Probanthine reduces glandular secretion of the different organs of the body. It is
an anticholinergic / antispasmodic drug and still, not approved by the FDA for
treatment with various disorders. Probanthine exerts benefits for treatment of
severe diaphoresis, Ulcers due to over secretion of HCl, Spasms, PANCREATITIS and
other conditions of oversecretion.

80. A. Avoid hazardous activities like driving, operating machineries etc.

Like other anti cholinergics/ anti spasmodics, Probanthine causes dizziness,
blurred vision and drowsiness. Patients are advised not to drive, operate heavy
machineries etc. Probanthine should be taken with a full glass of water but is
contraindicated with inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and
crohns disease. Drug is taken with meals to prevent irritation of the gastric
mucosa and client is advised not to take double dose in case the previous dose is
missed.

81. D. Alcohol
Probanthine on its own already cause severe dizziness and drowsiness. Addition of
alcohol will further depress the CNS and might lead to potentiation of the side
effects of probanthine. A,B,C are not contraindicated when taking probanthine
EXCEPT when the disease entity itself do not permit intake of such drugs like in
Pancreatitis, NSAID is not use. Pain is controlled using probanthine and meperidine
[ demerol ] in cases of acute pancreatitis.

82. A. Avoid hot weathers to prevent heat strokes

Probanthine alters the ability of the body to secrete sweat. Telling the client to
avoid hot weathers to prevent heat stroke is appropriate. Chlorinated pool is
discouraged for patients undergoing skin radiation for skin cancer to prevent
breakdown. Limiting fluid intake and avoiding cold weather are unnecessary
teachings.

83. B. Peptic Ulcer Disease

Probanthine is use in PUD to decrease gastric acid secretion. It is also used in
Pancreatitis to rest the pancreas from over secretion of pancreatic enzyme and to
prevent pain and spasm. Probanthine is contraindicated in clients with UC,
Glaucoma. Since this is an anti spasmodic drug, Urinary retention will be a side
effect.

84. D. Patency of airway and adequacy of respiration

Airway is always a priority in an unconscious client. Refer to maslows hierarchy of
needs for prioritization. Although this is not absolute, knowledge with
pathophysiology will best lead you to the correct option.

85. D. Suction machine and gloves

CVA patients has impaired swallowing ability and if not absent, depressed gag
reflex. Client is at the highest risk for aspiration when eating or drinking that
is why NGT is initiated early in the hospitalization. B prevent EXTERNAL ROTATION
in hip or leg fracture. Footboards and splint prevents FOOT DROP seen in clients
that has a severed peroneal nerve or prolonged immobilization usually due to
fractures that eventually puts pressure on the peroneal nerve. A is not specific to
clients with CVA.

86. D. Mouth breathing is used by comatose patient and itll cause oral mucosa
drying and cracking.
Client will be on NGT once comatose, A is removed first. Client with CVA MAY have
seizures, but it is RARE enough that it must require a frequent mouth care, B is
eliminated next. Knowing that tactile stimulation is done by touching the patient
and not by performing mouth care will lead you to letter D. Comatose patient uses
the mouth to breathe predisposing himself to drying, cracking and infections.

87. B. Turn frequently every 2 hours

Frequent turning and positioning is the single most important nursing intervention
to prevent ulcer formation. Skins are massaged but once the areas are reddened
already [ CLASS I Ulcer ], It is not anymore massaged as not to prevent further
breakdown. Lotions and Oils are not use in clients skin because it will further
enhance skin breakdown. Water mattress are used in BURN patients to limit the
pressure on the skin by his own body weight. An alternating inflatable air mattress
is much more compatible in periodic distribution of pressure in clients with
prolong immobility. Keeping skin clean and dry is important but not as important as
frequent turning and positioning.

88. A. Expressive aphasia is prominent on clients with right sided weakness

If the clients right side is weak, the affected lobe is the LEFT LOBE which is
where the brocas area is located. Client will exhibit expressive aphasia, careful
and slow movements and right sided weakness. Judging distance and proprioception is
usually impaired in clients with RIGHT sided stroke. Telling that the clients
orientation to time and space will be much affected is a blind shot analysis. This
is seen on clients with severe and massive hemorrhagic stroke with recovery failure
related to aneurysms producing long term and permanent coma. Mr. Franco right side
is weak, not paralysed, meaning, some functions are still left intact.
89. D. WBC : 12,000 to 13,000/cu.mm
WBC increases with inflammation and infection.

90. B. Enema STAT

91. A. Allay anxiety and apprehension

Pain is not reduced in appendicitis. Clients are not given pain medication as to
assess whether the appendix ruptured. A sudden relief of pain indicates the the
appendix has ruptured and client will have an emergency appendectomy and prevent
peritonitis. Demerol and Atropine are used to allay clients anxiety pre
operatively.

92. A. Spinal
Spinal anesthesia is the most common method used in appendectomy. Using this
method, Only the area affected is anesthetized preventing systemic side effects of
anesthetics like dizziness, hypotension and RR depression.

93. B. Diet as tolerated after fully conscious

Clients peristalsis will return in 48 to 72 hours post-op therefore, Fluid and
food are witheld until the bowel sounds returns. Remember that ALL PROCEDURES
requiring GENERAL and SPINAL anesthesia above the nerves that supply the intestines
will cause temporary paralysis of the bowel. Specially when the bowels are
traumatized during the procedure, it may take longer for the intestinal peristalsis
to resume.

94. D. All of the above

Peritonitis will cause all of the above symptoms. The peritoneum has a natural
tendency to GUARD and become RIGID as to limit the infective exudate exchange
inside the abdominal cavity. Hypovolemia and F&E imbalance are caused by severe
nausea and vomiting in patients with peritonitis because of acute pain. As
inflammation and infection spreads, fever and chills will become more apparent
causing elevation in temperature, weakness and sweating. If peritonitis is left
untreated, Client will become severely hypotensive leading to shock and death.

95. B. Paralytic Ileus

Paralytic Ileus is a mechanical bowel obstruction where in, the patients intestine
fails to regain its motility. It is usually caused by surgery and anesthesia.
Intussusception, Appendicitis and Peritonitis also causes paralytic ileus.

96. A. Irrigate the tube with saline as ordered

NGT after appendectomy is used not to deliver nutrients but to decompress the GI
tract because of the absence of peristalsis after appendectomy. The stomach and
intestines are not sterile, Clean technique is sufficient during irrigation. NGT is
placed and not anymore advanced as long as it already reach the stomach.
Nasoenteric tubes are the one that are advanced periodically until obstruction is
reached in the intestine. The client still needs assessment and confirmation of the
return of peristalsis before anything is given per orem. Irrigations are done to
prevent obstruction in the tube.

97. C. Abdomen is soft and flatus has been expelled

When flatus is expelled, it means that peristalsis has returned and theres is no
need for continuing the NGT.

98. D. Organic Psychoses

Organic psychoses is a broad and collective term used for psychoses and
schizophrenia that has an organic cause. [ Due to Creutzfeldt jakob disease,
huntington, hydrocephalus, increase ICP, dementia, stroke etc. ] Manifesting signs
and symptoms like hallucination, delusions, illusion, ideas of reference etc. that
is similar to schizophrenia and psychoses in absence of organic causes.

99. C. tends to be progressive and irreversible

Chronic brain syndrome tends to be progressive and irreversible. Organic brain
syndrome is acute and irreversible or reversible depending on the causative factor.

100. A. Memory deficit

Organic psychoses is the same as the usual psychoses except that the causative
factor of organic psychoses is evidently caused by a disease process of the brain
or affecting the brain. Example are patients who suffer stroke suddenly experience
hallucinations and delusions. Organic psychoses is simply a psychoses that has an
IDENTIFIED CAUSE. Knowing this will lead you to understand that psychoses is
manifested by B,C, and D but NOT MEMORY DEFICIT.