Transformer: Single-Phase Two Winding Transformer
Transformer: Single-Phase Two Winding Transformer
4. Transformer
Note:
The features of the latter two (XFORMER, BCTRAN) are,
- From general test data of transformers, data to be applied to transient calculations are directly
calculated.
- The data are in the form of mutually coupled inductors (actually in PI-EQUIVALENTS form,
the function of which perfectly covers Mutually-coupled R-L Elements, see Rule Book)
For example, three-phase two winding and one core transformer is represented by six mutually
coupled inductors.
- Saturation characteristics are not covered within the scope. So, another saturable non-linear
element(s) is to be introduced out side. The influence by the saturation on the self/mutual in-
ductance(s) can never be considered.
- Magnetising inductance corresponds to self-inductance of the relevant winding, but leakage in-
ductance cannot directly represented.
- Total procedure is BLACK BOX like one.
dt dt
Replacing
n1 1 = l1i1 , n1 0 = L0 i0 n 2 2 = l 2 i 2
it is understood that Fig. 4.2 represent the same contents, so Fig. 4.2 can be a perfect equivalent
circuit of a two windings transformer. The Saturable transformer component menu in ATP is base
on the principle of this circuit.
2
Notes:
- In any of transformer menu, each winding is considered as one lump element, i.e. the current in
one winding is uniform. This seems to be correct up to the fundamental inherent frequency of the
winding. The value is in the order of a few --- several kHz for most power transformers.
- In calculating TRV, for example, the prospective frequency of the TRV is dominated by both the
transformer elements and system ones such as lines, cables, etc. So, the frequency is never
higher than the transformers inherent one. Therefore, transformer menu in this chapter is appli-
cable.
- For much higher frequency of phenomena such as by lightning surges or VFT switching surges,
another models are required. Depending on the frequency concerned, respective models are to be
considered. In most cases, considering the physical constructions, parameters are to be calcu-
lated. Mutually coupled R-L elements and additional capacitors are mostly applied.
A few examples
) 537kV/287.5kV Auto-transformer, inrush magnetising current
The first example is as for inrush
magnetising current in an
auto-transformer. (The maximum
tap voltages of the transformer are
shown in the figure. The maximum
system voltages are 550kV and
300kV.) As shown in Fig. 4.3, each
phase has a common winding
(287.5kV) and a branch winding
(537kV 287.5kV). Also
delta-connected tertiary winding
Fig. 4.3 537kV Auto-transformer (74kV) exists. For details of the