The History of Al-'Pabari: Com Ions and Their
The History of Al-'Pabari: Com Ions and Their
The History of Al-'Pabari: Com Ions and Their
9 428207
THE HISTORY OFAL-TABARI
AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION
VOLUME XXXIX
Editorial Board
Ihsan Abbas, University of Jordan, Amman
C. E. Bosworth, The University of Manchester
Franz Rosenthal, Yale University
Everett K. Rowson, The University of Pennsylvania
Ehsan Yar-Shater, Columbia University (General Editor)
SUNY
410
VOLUME XXXIX
Ella Landau-Tasseron
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Al-Tabari very often quotes his sources verbatim and traces the
chain of transmission (isndd) to an original source. The chains of
transmitters are, for the sake of brevity, rendered by only a dash
(-) between the individual links in the chain. Thus, "According
to Ibn Humayd-Salamah-Ibn Ishaq" means that al-Tabari re-
ceived the report from Ibn Humayd, who said that he was told by
Salamah, who said that he was told by Ibn Ishaq, and so on. The
numerous subtle and important differences in the original Arabic
wording have been disregarded.
The table of contents at the beginning of each volume gives a
brief survey of the topics dealt with in that particular volume. It
also includes the headings and subheadings as they appear in al-
Tabari's text, as well as those occasionally introduced by the
translator.
Well-known place names, such as, for instance, Mecca, Bagh-
dad, Jerusalem, Damascus, and the Yemen, are given in their En-
glish spellings. Less common place names, which are the vast
majority, are transliterated. Biblical figures appear in the accepted
English spelling. Iranian names are usually transcribed according
to their Arabic forms, and the presumed Iranian forms are often
discussed in the footnotes.
Technical terms have been translated wherever possible, but
some, such as "dirham," and "imam," have been retained in Ara-
bic forms. Others that cannot be translated with sufficient preci-
sion have been retained and italicized, as well as footnoted.
The annotation is aimed chiefly at clarifying difficult passages,
identifying individuals and place names, and discussing textual
difficulties. Much leeway has been left to the translators to include
in the footnotes whatever they consider necessary and helpful.
The bibliographies list all the sources mentioned in the anno-
tation.
The index in each volume contains all the names of persons and
places referred to in the text, as well as those mentioned in the
notes as far as they refer to the medieval period. It does not include
the names of modem scholars. A general index, it is hoped, will
appear after all the volumes have been published.
For further details concerning the series and acknowledgments,
see Preface to Volume I.
Ehsan Yar-Shater
1^
Contents
to
Preface / v
Abbreviations / xiii
Translator's Foreword / xv
Index / 357
16
Abbreviations
00
Translator's Foreword
tion with al-Tabari's Dhayl al-mudhayyal by Dar al-Ma`arif in Cairo (1977 and
Dar al-Fikr in Beirut (1987). See also Ibn al-Nadim, I, 565; al-Sakhawi, 302; Ibn
Hajar, Isabah, I, 3; al-Kattani, 98-99. On the genre see Farah.
3. Wa-lahu `ala ta'rikhihi al-madhknr dhayl, bal dhayyala `ala al-dhayl aydan.
See al-Sakhawi, 301-2. See also Rosenthal, History, 488, for a different translation
of the passage.
4. Introductio," p. xv.
5. Rosenthal, "Introduction," 133; Yaqut, Irsh ld, 2456-57; Ibn al-Nadim, I, 565.
Translator's Foreword xvii
6. Cf. a later author, Abu Shamah of the thirteenth century, who wrote a supple-
ment to his own work ; al-Sakhawi, 305-
7. In the context of the genre of biographies the word rijal, literally, "men,"
serves as a technical term for "traditionists" or "transmitters ." For references to al-
Tabari 's Ta'rikh al-rijal, see Introductio, p. xrii; Rosenthal, "Introduction," 89-90;
Gilliot, "Oeuvres," 71; al-Sakhawi, 301; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, XIV, 273; idem, Ta'r-
ikh, XXIV, 283; Ismail al-Baghdadi, 11, 26; Ibn Khayr, I, 227; Ibn `Asakir, XV, 165.
See also Goldziher, "Literarische Thatigkeit." Of all the sources only Yaqut
(Irshad 2444, 2457) and Ibn Khayr call the work Dhayl al-mudhayyal.
8. Citing by the author 's name alone was the common practice in the literature.
For quotations from the Dhayl, see, e.g., Ibn Qudamah, 237; al-Quhpa'I, IV, 109;
Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, I, 559,11,376; Ibn `Abd al-Barr, 1, 12. In al-DAraqutni, V, 2564, the
editor gives a list of dozens of references ; some of them are not correct, and some
are lacking in the extant version of the Dhayl.
xviii Translator 's Foreword
9. Among the earliest authors in this genre were Yahya b. Main (d. 203/818),
Muhammad b. `Umar al-Wagidi ( d. 204/ 819), his pupil and scribe Muhammad b.
Sad (d. 230/845), Khalifah b. Khayyat ( d. 240/854), Muslim b . al-Hajjaj (d. 261/875),
and Muhammad b. Ismail al-Bukhari (d. 256 /870). See al-Sakhawi, 315 , 336-57; al-
Kattani, 96-105, ro8 - io. The genre is much more complex than is possible to
describe in the present context. See further Hafsi; Gibb , "Islamic Biographical
Literature "; Juynboll, Muslim Tradition , 134-90; Auchterlonie, 2-3.
so. Loth, 581.
Translator's Foreword xix
been the transmitter Abu `Ali Makhlad b. Ja`far, as Loth and Rieu
thought, or any other transmitter of subsequent generations, a
view preferred by de Goeje and Rosenthal.' 1 It is perhaps worthy
of note that Makhlad b. ja`far (d. 369/979-80) was accused of buy-
ing books, among them al-Tabari's History, and transmitting
them in a nonnormative way, that is, without having studied
them with a teacher and without having acquired an authoriza-
tion for transmission (ijdzah).12 Such a character was perhaps
more likely than others to have taken a free hand with al-Tabari's
work, making a rather confused and deficient abridgment from it.
According to Yaqut,13 the original Dhayl followed a genealogi-
cal order ('ald tartfb al-agrab fa-al-aqrab), partly reflected in the
extant collection of excerpts . Presumably some chronological or-
der was maintained as well , reflected in the text in rudimentary
fashion. However, no ordering principle governs the present text
as a whole. The semichronological order followed in the begin-
ning is abandoned at some point to make way for various discon-
nected rubrics. Occasionally the material bears no relation to the
rubric under which it occurs, and chapters end and begin without
any indication. Some entries are recorded twice , without the use
of cross-refereces . When a cross -reference does appear, the refer-
ence is to a chapter omitted from the collection.'4
Dhayl al-mudhayyal also included an introduction lacking in
the present collection. Of its content we know only one state-
ment, of an extreme nature : Al-Tabari, who founded his own
school of law, declares everyone who contradicts his views to be
an infidel. He states that he would not accept the testimony of, or
trust traditions transmitted by, people who held Qadari, Shi`i, or
Khariji doctrines , nor would he accept (legal) arguments based on
reasoning. 15 In spite of this statement, he held Abu Hanifah in
great esteem16 and included in Dhayl al-mudhayyal many Shi`is
ii. Loth, 582; Introductio, pp. x111 , xIv; Rosenthal, "Introduction," 89.
12. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Ta'rikh, XIII, 176 -77; Ibn Hajar, Lisdn, VI, 9.
13. Yaqut, Irshdd, 2457.
14. Al-Tabari, III, 2478; see also Introductio, p. xiv. For a detailed analysis of the
structure of the Dhayl, see Landau-Tasseron, "Biographical Work."
15. Yaqut, Irshdd, 2463, but see a different interpretation of the passage in
Rosenthal, "Introduction," 90.
16. Yaqut, Irshdd, 2463; see al-Tabari, III, 2510 (the biography of Abu Hanifah).
xx Translator's Foreword
17. Al-Tabari, III, 2321, 2335, 2476, 2498. For the reference occurring on page
2358, see p. xxii, below.
18. Introductio, p. xiv. The anonymous work is Duster al-munajjimin; see
Blochet, 12.
i9. Hamzah al-Isfahani, 121.
20. Loth, 582.
Translator's Foreword xxi
and Kings. It is doubtful that the last refers to an original ten times
(or otherwise) longer than the extant text.
In the matter of Dhayl al-mudhayyal de Goeje's opinion is en-
tirely clear. He thinks that this title includes both al-Mudhayyal,
or abridgment (of the History), and the biographical notes.27 In the
same vein Rosenthal holds that by the title al-Mudhayyal, men-
tioned by al-Tabari in our volume, Dhayl al-mudhayyal was
meant and that the two are in fact identical.28 The problem with
this view is that it cannot be harmonized with the technique of
citation used by al-Tabari. When he writes, "I already said this in
my book entitled al-Mudhayyal," he must be referring to a work
separate from the one in which he makes the reference, that is,
Dhayl al-mudhayyal. Had the two titles referred to the same
book, al-Tabari ought to have used the terms set for cross-
references.29
There are, however, other grounds for reconsidering de Goeje's
opinion. He bases himself on the descriptions of Dhayl al-
mudhayyal by al-Dhahabi and Ibn Khayr al-Ishbili, who mention
al-Tabari's "book on ta'rikh known as Dhayl al-mudhayyal,"
which contained "twenty parts."30 From these descriptions de
Goeje drew his conception of Dhayl al-mudhayyal as a large work
containing historical material (ta'rikh) near in size and content to
the History itself. But a "part" (juz') is by no means identical with
a "volume." It is unspecified and may be of any size. For example,
each juz' in the manuscript of excerpts from Dhayl al-mudhayyal
comprised no more than twelve to eighteen pages.31 Twenty parts,
then, do not necessarily correspond to the length of the History.
As for the word ta'rikh, it does not always mean "history." "The
oldest works called ta'rikh were collections of biographies," as
Rosenthal observed in his History of Muslim Historiography.32 It
is also worthy of note that Ibn Khayr al-Ishbili acquired Dhayl al-
44. Only the first, Mashdhir, was systematically combed for parallels; the other
two works were used occasionally.
xxvi Translator's Foreword
45 Auchterlonie.
46. For all these works, see "Bibliography of Cited Works."
Translator's Foreword xxvii
names and concepts were annotated only once each, usually when
first occurring in the text. The index should therefore be used
when an unexplained item occurs , in order to locate the explana-
tion in a previous (or sometimes later) note.
Another matter omitted for lack of time and space was checking
the chains of transmission (isndds ), which include hundreds of
names . I did, however, try to identify persons mentioned only by
their first names or nicknames by collating isndds from both the
History and the Dhayl. The identification, when there is one, is
recorded between brackets . The latter device also served for inser-
ting additions into the text, for the sake of comprehensibility.
Surely the present volume leaves much to be desired . Thinking
of the improvements I would like to introduce in it, I can only cite
al-Tabari's pupils' response to his suggestions : hddha mimmd
tafna a1-a`mar qabla tamdmihi.
I nevertheless hope that this volume will be of some use to
nonexperts and experts alike.
Ella Landau-Tasseron
b
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1^
i. A member of the Qurashi clan Asad b . `Abd al-`Uzza; see Ibn Hazm, jamharat,
117-25. On the Quraysh, the Prophet 's tribe, see "Kuraysh," Ere, V, 434-35 (W. M.
Watt); Kister, "Mecca and Tamim "; idem, " Some Reports Concerning Mecca."
Khadijah was the Prophet's first wife and the first to believe in him when he was
inspired. She also bore most of the Prophet 's children. See Guillaume, 82-83, 107-
13, r91 ; Lings, 34-36, 44 - 45, 96; Kister, "The Sons of Khadija "; "Khadidja," E12,
W, 898-99 ( W. M. Watt); Muir, 24-25; In Hisham, I, 198-203, 253-57; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 396-405; In Hanbal, Fadd'il, 847- 56; al-Salihi, 35-76.
2. The Arabs' polite way of addressing people is by referring to their parenthood,
so that one is addressed as "father/mother of so-and-so." This specific kind of by-
name is called a kunyah , sometimes rendered as agnomen.
3. On Abu Halah and his clan, see Kister, " On Strangers and Allies," 120-26.
4 Biographies
She died three years before the Emigration , at the age of sixty-
five. This information was transmitted to me by al -Harith [b. Mu-
hammad] -[Muhammad] In Sa'd-Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wa-
gidi]-Muhammad b. Salih and `Abd al-Ramman b. `Abd al-`Aziz.
Khadijah died in the month of Ramadan that year and was bur-
ied in al-Hajun.4
Among those who were killed was Ja'far b . Abi Talib b. `Abd al-
Muttalib b . Hashim b `Abd Manaf.6
Ja`far was killed as a shahfd7 in [the battle of ] Mu'tah.8
4. A mountain in Mecca where a cemetery was situated; see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-
buldan, II, 215.
5. "Zainab bint Muhammad," Ell, VII, 1200 (V. Vacca). Cf. Guillaume, 314-16;
Lings, 158 - 59; Ibn Sa`d, VIII, 20-24; Ibn Hisham, II, 308-12; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I,
269, 357, 397 - 400; Khalifah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh, 56; al-Halabi, II, 205 -6, III, 106;
In al-Jawzi, Muntazam, III, 124-25; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, II, 247; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh,
I, 1348-50. See also p. 13, below.
6. The Prophet's uncle. See "Dja`far b . Abi Talib," EI2, II, 372 (L . Veccia Vag-
lieri(; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 49 - 50; idem, Tabagat, 4 - 5; Ibn Hanbal,
Facla'il, 889-91; al-Baladhuri , Ansab, I, 283-84.
7. A Muslim killed in battle against infidels is promised paradise uncondi-
tionally; he is a shahid, usually translated as "martyr ." Although the translation is
literally accurate, the connotations of the two terms are completely different.
Martyrdom connotes the death of a powerless , suffering individual at the hands of
an oppressor, whereas shahadah connotes mainly fearlessness in battle. I have
therefore chosen to leave shahid untranslated.
8. A town east of the Dead Sea, where a Muslim raiding force was defeated by a
Byzantine force in the year 8/629. See "Mu 'ta," EI2, VII, 756-57 ( F. Buhl);
Guillaume, 531 - 40; Muir, 392-95; Lings 286 -90; Watt, Muhammad at Medina,
53-55; al-Wagidi , 755-69; In Hisham, IV, 15-3o; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1614-18;
Ibn Abi Shaybah, Musannaf, IV, 577.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 5
9. Abi alladhi arda`ani, meaning the husband of the child's wet nurse. Cf. Ibn
Ishaq, Sirah, 218; al-Wagidi, 13, 688.
Io. An important north Arabian tribe; see "Murra," EP, VII, 628-30 (E. Landau-
Tasseron).
11. Cf. Guillaume, 534; Ibn Abi Shaybah, Musannaf, IV, 577; al-Halabi, III, 77;
Ibn al-Athir, Kdmil, II, 113-14; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1614.
12. Arab warriors of pre- Islamic times practiced `aqr, that is, cutting their own
horses' hamstrings during battle to prevent the possibility of fleeing the enemy.
Muslim scholars debated the permissibility of this act and placed restrictions upon
it. The original pre-Islamic social significance of the custom was obfuscated in
Islamic times by the argument that the purpose of hamstringing was to prevent a
victorious enemy from obtaining Muslim horses from a Muslim defeat. See Ibn
Hudhayl, I, 40, 48 (text), II, 207, 225 (translation). Mercier is incorrect in translat-
ing `aqr as having the horse killed.
13. See p. 47, below.
14. While Muhammad was active in Mecca, some dozens of his followers emi-
grated to Abyssinia at his suggestion, for reasons that are not entirely clear, proba-
bly in A.D. 615-17. The followers gradually returned, though some stayed till
7/628. See Guillaume, 146-53, 167-69; Lings, 81-84; Watt, Muhammad at Mecca,
109-17; Caetani, I, 262-84.
15. That is, in the year 622. See Guillaume, 221-27, 281; Lings, 118-22; "Hid-
jra," E12, III, 366-67 (W. M. Watt).
16. Khaybar was a Jewish settlement north of Medina, conquered by Muham-
mad in Muharram 7/May 628. See Guillaume, 510-19; Lings, 263-69; "Khaybar,"
E12, N, 1137-43 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1575-84.
6 Biographies
23. Brothers of Iiarithah, Zayd's father; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 563 (s.v. Zayd b.
Harithah).
24. That is, the Ka'bah.
25. Ma'add, together with his "son" Nizar and his "father," `Adnan, are con-
sidered the patriarchs, or eponyms, of the tribes believed to be of northern origin. In
fact these are generic names for these tribes, and as such they are interchangeable.
8 Biographies
"Yes, for I have seen something in this man, and I am not the kind
of person who would ever choose anyone in preference to him."
The Prophet, having witnessed this, took Zayd out to the Hijr29
and said "0 all those who are present, witness that Zayd [hereby]
becomes my [adopted] son, with mutual rights of inheritance."
When Zayd's father and paternal uncle saw this, they were satis-
fied and went away.
[Zayd b. Harithah] was thus called Zayd b. Muhammad until
God revealed Islam. I was told all this by al-Harith [b. Muham-
mad]-Ibn Sa`d-Hisham b. Muhammad [al-Kalbi]-his father
[Muhammad al-Kalbi], Jamil b. Marthad al-Tai, and others.
[Hisham] related part of the story on the authority of his [2301]
father-[Badham] Abu Salih-[`Abdallah] Ibn `Abbas. Through the
chain of transmission going back to Ibn `Abbas, [Hisham] related
[the following]: The Prophet gave to [Zayd] in marriage Zaynab bt.
Jahsh b. Ri'ab al-Asadiyyah, whose mother was Umaymah bt.
`Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim.30 Zayd later divorced her, and the
Prophet married her. The Munafiqun31 made this a topic of their
conversation and reviled the Prophet, saying "Muhammad pro-
hibits [marriage] with the [former] wives of one's own sons, but he
married the [former] wife of his son Zayd." As a result of this God
revealed the following verse: "Muhammad is not the father of any
of your men, nay, he is the messenger of God and the seal of the
prophets . . . ," etc.32 God also revealed the verse "Call them by
their fathers' names, "33 so from that day onward [Zayd] was called
29. The sacred place in front of the Ka'bah where sacrifices were made, oaths
taken, etc.; see Rubin, "Ka'ba."
30. That is, a paternal aunt of the Prophet. When Jahsh, originally of the bedouin
tribe of Asad, decided to settle in Mecca, he became an ally of the leader Umayyah
b. Abd Shams and married Umaymah, daughter of the rival leader, `Abd al-
Muttalib, grandfather of the Prophet. See Muhammad Ibn Habib, Munammaq,
357; Kister, "On Strangers and Allies," 138-39.
31. Usually translated as "the Hypocrites," this term refers to Muhammad's
opponents among the Muslims in Medina. See "Munafikun," Ere, VII, 561-62 (A.
A. Brockett); Lings, 237-39; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 274-83.
32. Qur'an, 3 3:40 On the doctrine of the Seal of the Prophets, see Y. Friedmann,
"Finality."
33. Qur'an 33:5. This may also be translated as "trace their pedigrees back to
their [real] fathers," and, indeed, the verse has both meanings at once. The declara-
io Biographies
Zayd b. Harithah, and [other] adopted sons were named after their
[real] fathers. Al-Migdad was called [ibn] `Amr after he had been
named al - Miqdad b. al-Aswad since al-Aswad b. `Abd Yaghuth
had adopted him.
Zayd was killed in Jumada I/September that year at the age of
fifty-five.
It was reported that his kunyah was Abu Salamah.
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Muhammad b.
al-Hasan b. Usamah b. Zayd34-his father: The Prophet was ten
years Zayd' s senior . Zayd was a short, flat-nosed man, of a very
dark brown skin; his kunyah was Abu Usamah.
Zayd participated in the battles of Badr and Ulhud35 and was
appointed deputy in Medina when the Prophet left for the raid of
al-Muraysi'.36 Zayd also took part in the event of the Ditch (al-
Khandaq), the expedition to al-Hudaybiyyah, and the conquest of
Khaybar.37 He was one of the famous archers among the Prophet's
Companions.
tion was aimed at refuting the charge of incest raised against Muhammad. See pp.
26, 18o-82, below.
34. That is, great-grandson of Zayd.
35 Badr lies southwest of Medina; it was the site of the Muslims' first victory
over their major enemy, the Quraysh. The battle took place in the spring of 2/624,
two years after the Prophet's Emigration. Uhud is a mountain near Medina where
Muhammad and his followers were defeated by the Quraysh and their allies in the
year 3/625. See Kennedy, 35, 37-38; Watt, Muhammad at Medina, 1-16, 21-29;
Guillaume, 289-314, 370-426; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 37-91, 101-48;
Caetani, I, 472-96,541-65; Hamidullah, Battlefields, 15, 20; "Badr," E12, I, 867-88
(W. M. Watt); al-Wagidi, 12-172, 199-333; Ibn Hisham,11, 257-374, III, 64-178; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 288-308, 311-38; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1284-1359, 1383-
1425.
36. In the year 5/626. See al-Wagidi, 404-13; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 175-90.
It was also called the raid of Banu al-Mustaliq; see Ibn Hisham, III, 302-9. Here,
however, Abu Dharr, not Zayd, acted as the Prophet's deputy. See also Guillaume,
490-93; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1511-17.
37. Al-Khandaq (the Ditch) is the name given in Muslim tradition to the siege by
the Quraysh and their allies of Medina in the year 5/627. It is related that the
Muslims dug a ditch to defend the town, and the besiegers eventually dispersed
without achieving any result. See "Khandak," E12, IV, 1020 (W. M. Watt); Watt,
Muhammad at Medina, 35-39; Guillaume, 456-61; Wellhausen, Muhammad,
190-210; Caetani, I, 611-26; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1463-85. Al-I;Iudaybiyyah is a
place near Mecca where Muhammad concluded a ten-year peace treaty with the
Meccans. See "Hudaybiya," E12, III, 539 (W. M. Watt); Watt, "Expedition"; Lecker,
"Hudaybiyya-Treaty"; Hawting, "Hudaybiyya"; Guillaume, 499-510; Lings, 247-
56; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 241-64; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1528-59.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented i i
[The Year 9]
(April 20, 63 o-April 8, 631)
In the year 9/630, in Sha`ban/November, Umm Kulthum, daugh-
ter of the Prophet, died.42
The Prophet said the ritual prayer over her bier, and it was
reported that `Ali b. Abi Talib, al-Fadl b. al-`Abbas, and Usamah b.
Zayd descended into her grave.43 She is the one to whom Umm
38. Khalifahb. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 55; Ibn Sa'd, III/2 , 110-11; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb,
I, 247. On the Ansar see "Ansar," EI2, I, 5i4-15 (W. M. Watt); Hasson,
"Contribution."
39. Iidh` means a palm trunk (conveying the notion of hardiness), whereas jad-
ha' means a strong young man.
40. See "`Akaba," EI2, I, 314 (W. M. Watt); Guillaume, 198-207; Kister,
"Papyrus."
41. In the year 8/630 Mecca fell to the Muslims with hardly any resistance. It
was then that most of the Quraysh, in particular the noble families, were con-
verted to Islam . Shortly afterward the Thaqif, the ruling tribe of the nearby town al-
Ta'if, organized a bedouin army, which was defeated by Muhammad at a place
called Hunayn. Muhammad then laid siege to al-Ta'if but had to withdraw without
achieving any result. Shortly afterward, however, the Thaqif joined Islam of their
own volition. See Kennedy, 42-43; Guillaume, 540-61, 587-92; Watt, Muham-
mad at Medina, 65-73; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 319-73; Caetani, ll, 105-79;
I Iamidullah, Battlefields, 36; Kister, "Ta'if "; al-Wagidl, 780-992; Ibn Hisham, IV,
31-129, 182-88; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 353-68; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1618-44,
r654-74-
42. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 57; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 401.
43. Descending into the grave of the deceased was apparently a pre-Islamic
custom, at least in Medina. It was sometimes , but not regularly, practiced by the
Prophet in person . Historians of Medina mention five such instances. See `Umar b.
Shabbah, I, 121-24; al-Samhudi, III, 897-99. The practice continued in early Islam;
12 Biographies
`Atiyyah referred when she said: "I washed one of the Prophet's
daughters. "4a
According to Anas b. Malik: When Umm Kulthum was laid in
her grave the Prophet said "Let no one who has become impure by
approaching his wife tonight, descend into the grave"; he said: "Is
there among you anyone who has not become impure by ap-
proaching his wife tonight?" Abu Talhah45 said "I, 0 Messenger of
God"; so the Prophet said "Descend," and Abu Tallhah did so.
see, e.g., Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 380, S.V. Fatimah al-Zahra'; `Abd al-Malik Ibn
Habib, Ta'rikh, 96, 101 . However, it is not included among Muhammad's funerary
practices as recorded by In Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, I, 139-46.
44 That is, in preparation for her burial . Umm `Atiyyah, an Ansari woman, is
connected with traditions about washing the dead and otherwise; see In I;Iajar,
Isabah, IV, 476-77.
45. Zayd b . Sahl, an Ansari and a close Companion of the Prophet . See Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, I, 566-67; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, IX, 134-41; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, II, 27-
34.
46. See "Fatima," EI2, II, 841-50 L. Veccia Vaglieri); al-Amin, II, 535-639; Ibn
Sa`d, III/2, 11-20; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 60-61; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 402-
5; Ibn Hanbal, Facla'il, 754-65; al-Suyuti, Thughnr; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, Ta'r-
fkh, 84, 98; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1869.
47. That is, Muhammad al-Bagir; see pp. 229-30, below.
48. Laylat al-thulatha' is Monday because the Arabs count the days by the
nights that precede them . According to Cattenoz, however, this date was a Sunday.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 13
49. Meaning "mother of her father," a unique kunyah the sense of which is by
no means clear. Whenever it is mentioned it is not explained; the same applies to
Fatimah's granddaughter and to Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyyah's daughter, both
called Umm Abiha; see al-Balidhuri, Ansdb, III, (Mahmiidi) 271; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar,
251. This appellation is found in the context of the Nusayri-`Alawi religion, where
it refers to belief in reincarnation. Fatimah is believed to be the reincarnation of
Aminah, the Prophet's mother, who is in turn the reincarnation of the Virgin
Mary. As proof of this argument Fatimah's kunyah, Umm Abiha, is adduced. See
al-Tabarani, "Majmu` al-a'yad," 175. I owe this information to my colleague Meir
Bar-Asher. Fatimah, however, is commonly compared by the Shi`Is to the Virgin
Mary without involving the doctrine of reincarnation or this strange kunyah.
50. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 56; al-Wagidi, 553-55; Wellhausen, Muhammad,
233-34; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1346-49, 1350-52. See also the references in note 5.
The clan's name is `Abd Shams, of the Quraysh.
51. A prominent Ans5r3 who was killed in the battle of Uhud; see Ibn Hajar,
IIabah, II, 287.
14 Biographies
return to her that which belongs to her, do so." They said "Yes, 0
Messenger of God!" So they set Abu al-`As free and returned to
Zaynab that which belonged to her.
Abu-al-`As remained married to Zaynab, even though he was
still a pagan.52 Shortly before the fatlh, that is, the conquest of
Mecca,53 he went to Syria [carrying] merchandise [for sale], as well
as goods that the Quraysh delivered through him. After he fin-
ished his trade and was on his way back he came across one of the
Prophet's raiding parties; according to another version, it was the
Prophet himself who had sent the party [to raid] the caravan Abu
al-`As was traveling with on its way back from Syria.54 [The party]
comprised 170 mounted raiders under the command of Zayd b.
Harithah. This occurred in Jumada I, 6/October 627. The party
appropriated goods and took some of the caravan's passengers pris-
oner, but Abu al-`As escaped, and they could not overtake him.
The party returned [to Medina] with the booty, and Abu al-`As
came at night and entered [the dwelling of ] Zaynab, the Prophet's
daughter, seeking her protection. She granted him protection for
as long as he was occupied with retrieving his property.55 In the
morning the Prophet came out for the morning prayer. He uttered
the formula "God is great" Allah akbar), and the people did the
same; according to [Muhammad] Ibn IIumayd-Salamah [b. al-
Fadl]-Muhammad Ibn Ishaq-Yazid b. Ruman: Zaynab called
out "O people, I have granted protection to Abu al-As b. al-Raba`."
On finishing the prayer the Prophet came before the people and
said: "0 people, did you hear what I heard?" They replied "Yes,"
whereupon he said: "By He Who holds Muhammad's soul in His
52. Literally, the sentence reads "Abu al-`As remained with her, professing pa-
ganism [or, in spite of his paganism]," but as the story continues it becomes
evident that Zaynab lived in Medina, whereas Abu al-`As lived in Mecca. They
were separated until Abu al-As was converted to Islam; see note 57.
53 The term fath usually refers to the conquest of Mecca in the year 8/630. The
original meaning may have been different, although still connected with the sanc-
tuary in Mecca; see Hawting, "Hudaybiyya."
54. The raid of al-`Is; see the references in note 5o, above.
55. Literally, "in the matter of demanding his property." Granting protection,
jiwar, was common in pre-Islamic times. Protection was sometimes granted
against all hazards, at other times only against certain stipulated ones. See Gold-
ziher, Muslim Studies, I, 22-23; p. 1116, below.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 15
hands, I never knew about any of this until I heard of it [now], just
as you did. [Know that] the lowest-ranking Muslim [is authorized] [2305]
to grant [someone] protection from other Muslims ."56 The
Prophet then retreated and went to see his daughter Zaynab. He
said to her "0 daughter, treat Abu al-`As well, but do not let him
touch you, because you are not lawful to him."57
According to Ibn Ishaq-`Abdallah b. Abi Bakr: The Prophet
sent [a message] to the raiding party that had looted Abu al-'As's
property, saying: "You know this man's standing in relation to us;
now you plundered property that belongs to him. If you act in a
commendable way, you will return that which belongs to him,
and this would be pleasing to us. However, if you refuse to do so
[you will be excused], because it is booty imparted to you by God,
and you are more entitled to it [than anyone else]." They said "0
Messenger of God, of course we will return it to him." They re-
turned Abu al-As's property to him, to the point that someone
would even come with a rope, another with a worn-out leather bag
and a waterskin, yet another with a peg, until they returned to him
all his property; nothing was missing. Abu al-`As then left for
Mecca, where he handed every Qurayhi proprietor, that is, those
who had delivered goods through him, the property that belonged
to them. Then he said "0 people of Quraysh, has there remained
with me any property belonging to any of you that you did not yet
retrieve?" They said "No, may God reward you; indeed we found
that you are faithful and noble." He said: "I testify that there is no
god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. I
56. That is, the Muslim community was legally responsible for the safety of
anyone granted protection by any individual Muslim, regardless of the circum-
stances. This saying, here attributed to the Prophet (a Ihadith(, may have originated
during the Muslim conquests after Muhammad 's death, as a solution to the prob-
lem of the treaties with enemies. For example, objections were raised when Khalid
b. al-Walid concluded a peace treaty with leaders of Damascus , because he was not
commander-in-chief. Yet the commander-in-chief, Abu `Ubaydah, ratified the
treaty, saying "the lowest ranking Muslim . . . ." See al-Baladhuri, Futuh, 122.
Note that Abu `Ubaydah does not attribute the saying to the Prophet. See the
discussion, e.g., in Abu Yusuf, 61, 63 (where the example of Zaynab is mentioned),
68-69 (where protection granted by a slave is discussed) . See also In Abi Shaybah,
Musannaf, VII, 689-90; Ibn al-Murtada, V, 452; Ben Shemesh , III, 65 -66; cf. al-
Wagidi, 793-
5 7. The Muslims had to divorce their pagan spouses; see note 59.
16 Biographies
May God reward the virtuous daughter of the reliable one 163
That which a husband knows he will praise.
`Ikrimah b. Abi Jahl -Abu Jahl's name was `Amr-b. Hisham b.
al-Mughirah b. `Abdallah b. `Umar b. Makhzum.64
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al -Wagidi] -Abu Bakr b.
`Abdallah b. Abi Sabrah -Musa b . `Ugbah-Abu Habibah, the
client of al-Zubayr [b . al-`Awwam] -`Abdallah b. al-Zubayr: On
the day of the conquest of Mecca `Ikrimah b. Abi Jahl ran away to
the Yemen, fearing that the Prophet would kill him .65 His wife
Umm Hakim bt. al-Harith b . Hisham, who was a clever woman,
had already become a follower of the Prophet . She went to the
Prophet and said "My cousin66 `Ikrimah fled from you to the Ye-
men, fearing that you would kill him , so grant him protection."
The Prophet said "I grant him the protection of God; whoever
meets him must not harm him ." 67 Umm Hakim set out to look
for `Ikrimah and caught up with him somewhere on the coast of
Tihamah, already embarked on a boat . She started waving to him,
saying: " 0 cousin, I come to you from the man who is the kindest [2307]
toward his kin,68 the most just and the most virtuous of all people.
Do not ruin yourself [by fleeing], for I have asked him to grant you
protection, and he did ." ` Ikrimah said "Did you do that?" and she
replied " Yes, I spoke with him, and he granted you protection." So
`Ikrimah went back with her. As he drew near Mecca the Prophet
told his Companions "`Ikrimah b . Abi Jahl will come to you as a
63. Al-amin " the reliable one" was an epithet of the Prophet.
64. Ibn Sa`d, V, 329, VII/2 126; Khalifah b . Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 88, 100; idem,
Tabagat, 20, 299; In Hibban, Mashahir, 59; al-Razi, 147-48; Ibn Abi Shaybah,
Musannaf, IV, 577; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XX, 247. The Makhzum was a leading clan
among the Quraysh ; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 141.
65. See a similar story told about Safwan b. Umayyah ; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I,
1644-46.
66. `Ikrimah and his wife were paternal first cousins; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
145-
67. Cf. al-Halabi, III, 106-7; Ibn al -Athir, Kamil, II, 123-24.
68. Awsal al-nas. Being kind to one's family , i.e., practicing silat al-rahim, was
one of the highly appreciated social values in both the pre-Islamic and the Islamic
periods. It is distinct from tribal group solidarity , 'asabiyyah, which was con-
demned by Islam.
1 8 Biographies
69. The Emigrants, Muhdjirun, constituted the elite of the Muslim community,
both during the Prophet's lifetime and afterward. In this class were included those
who emigrated to Medina with the Prophet and afterward until the conquest of
Mecca. In some instances bedouins who remained in their own territory but com-
mitted themselves to Islam were also included. The account of `Ikrimah's conver-
sion is an attempt to include the Quraysh, who were converted after the conquest
of Mecca, in the Islamic elite. See also p. 115 and note 541, below.
70. That is, Abu Jahl, who had been a fervent opponent of the Muslims and was
killed in the battle of Badr; see "Abu Djahl," E12, I, 115 (W. M. Watt).
71. Unbelievers addressed the PropEi t by his name, whereas Muslims always
said "0 Messenger of God," as indeed `Ikrimah does later in the story.
72. Or, undertakings, deeds; see Glossarium, s.v. markab.
73. The story reverts to the third person at this point.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented i
[spending it] in the way of God ." He later exerted himself in battle
and was killed, becoming a shahid, at the battle of Ajnadayn74
during the caliphate of Abu Bakr.
In the year of his Pilgrimage75 the Prophet appointed `Ikrimah
tax collector of the tribal confederation of Hawazin.76 `Ikrimah
was in Tabalah77 when the Prophet died.
74. A battle between the Muslims and a Byzantine force, usually said to have
taken place between al -Ramlah and Bayt fibrin in Palestine in the year 13/634.
Both the location and the date are, however , disputed; see Donner, Early Islamic
Conquests, 128-30.
75. Three months before his death, in 10 /632, the Prophet performed a pil-
grimage to Mecca . This occasion is called "the Farewell Pilgrimage" (hajlat al-
wada`).
76. The Hawazin was a large tribal confederation, attached to the town of al-
Ta'if; see "Hawazin," EI2, III, 285-86 (W. M. Watt). As for tax collectors sent by the
Prophet, there are various lists; see p. 83, below.
77. A place on the way to the Yemen, about 150 miles south of Mecca; see
Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, I, 816-17.
78. Of the Prophet' s clan, the Band Hashim. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
104; idem, Tabagat, 6 ; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 58.
79. An early convert who was killed in the battle of Ulhud ; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah,
I, 353-54.
8o. The Prophet changed his name to `Abdallah; see note 234, below. He is
counted among the Companions; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 292.
81. Ibn Sa'd, 1V/I, 31.
20 Biographies
82. A town on the Red Sea shore; see "Djudda," E12,11, 571-72 (R. Hartmann
[Phebe Ann Man]).
83. After the Emigration to Medina Muhammad instituted "brotherhood"
(mu'akhdh) between pairs of Muslims. Among other things such "brothers" inher-
ited from one another. See Watt, Muhammad at Medina, 248-49. Guillaume,
234-35; Simon, "L'institution"; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 71; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 270.
84. That is, their partnership included all their property (shirkat al-
mufawaciah), as opposed to partnership in part of the property only (shirkat
al-`inan).
85. This is worthy of note because at a certain point during this battle most of
the Muslims defected, and it took a second offensive to gain victory. See al-Waqidi,
897-907; P. 25, below.
86. Ka-anni anzuru ila rimahika.... This expression denotes foreknowledge of
events and is often used as a literary device to anticipate later developments in the
story. Here it also points to the prophetic powers of Muhammad.
87. In the year 13/634.
88. Al-Bags` was the first Islamic cemetery in Medina, instituted during the
Prophet's lifetime. Most of the Companions, the members of the Prophet's family,
and many Successors (tabi`un) were buried there. See "Baki` al-Gharkad," E12, I,
957-58 (A. J. Wensinck [A. S. Bazmee Ansari]); `Umar b. Shabbah, I, 86-133.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 21
89. Al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 361, 365, 477, 539, III (Duri!, 296; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 6; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhfr, 44; Ibn Sa`d, IV/1, 34-37; Ibn
Qudamah, 105-8.
9o. Halimah was a bedouin woman who was hired as wet nurse for Muhammad.
See Guillaume, 70; In Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 274.
91. Cf. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1, 34. Al-Abwa' is a place on the road from Mecca to Medina.
One of Muhammad's first military expeditions was to this place; see "Abwa'," E12,
I, 169 (W. M. Watt); al-Wagidi, 11-12 ; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 34. The same
place served the Quraysh as a campsite on their way to fight the Prophet at Badr
(2/624); see al-Wagidi, 145; Wellhausen, 8o.
22 Biographies
92. An Ansari, father of `Umayr b. Sa`d, who was one of `Umar's governors in al-
Kufah. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 103; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 29.
93. That is, reciter or reader of the Qur'an. See "Kur'an," EI2, V, 426 (A. T.
Welch); Ibn al-Jazari.
94 There is a debate over the meaning of jama`a al-qur' an, jama `a signifying
both "to collect" and "to comprise, [to be in possession of] the whole of...."
Accordingly the phrase could mean "collected" or "memorized the whole of the
Qur'an." In the prevailing Muslim tradition it is maintained that the Qur'an was
collected by order of the third caliph, `Uthman, but there are also traditions that it
had already been collected during the Prophet's lifetime. See Jeffery, 5-7; Burton;
Wansbrough, chap. 1; Sharon, "Umayyads," 131, n. 37. In addition, there is confu-
sion regarding the identity of Abu Zayd, who collected (or memorized) the Qur'an.
See p. 284, below; In Hajar, Isabah, II, 31.
95 . Al-Qadisiyyah, in southwestern Iraq, was the site of a decisive victory by the
Muslims over the Persians, probably in the year 16/637. See "Kadisiyya," E'2, IV,
384-87 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); Kennedy, 67; Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 203-
10 and passim; Kamal; al -Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2213-2361.
96. A Coptic concubine of the Prophet. The son she bore him died in infancy.
Like `A'ishah, Muhammad 's most beloved wife, she was charged with and acquit-
ted of adultery. See "Mariya," EI2, VI, 575 (F. Buhl); Caetani, II, 237-38; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rfkh, 106; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 448-53.
97. The second caliph, of the Qurashi clan the Banu Adi. See "`Omar ibn al-
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 23
Khattab," Ell, III, 982-84 (G. Levi Della Vida); Kennedy, 57 -7o; In Sa'd, III, 190-
274; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 126 -27; idem, Tabagat, 22; Ibn Hanbal, Fada'i1,
244-448; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 23; Ibn al-Jawzi, Ta'rikh.
98. Ibn Sa`d, III/1, 193.
99 Ahl al-kitab, literally "People of the Book ," originally referred to Jews and
Christians and later extended to include Zoroastrians . They all have a special legal
status within the Muslim state and as such are termed ahl al-dhimmah . The latter
term (and status ) was sometimes applied to members of yet other religions , includ-
ing non-Arab idolators. See "Ahl al -kitab," E12, I, 264 -66 (G. Vajda); "Dhimma,"
E12, II, 227-31 (C. Cahen); Fattal; Bat Ye'or; Friedmann, "Temple."
loo. For the most recent discussion of `Umar 's surname al-Faruq, see Bashear,
"Title."
101. But see al-Tabari, Ta'rfkh, I, 2728-29, where this same report is preceded by
another, in which it is related that it was the Prophet who gave `Umar this name.
102. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'r kh, I, 3726.
103. Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 34; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 429; Ibn Sa'd, III/1, 35.
The clan's name is the Banu al-Muttalib, related to the Prophet 's clan, the Banu
Hashim. See In Hazm, Jamharat 72 - 74; al-Zubayri, 92-97.
104. Duels were often fought in the course of battles , not necessarily deciding
the final outcome. 'Utbah b. Rabi 'ah, of the `Abd Shams clan, was one of the
Qurashi leaders who bitterly opposed the Prophet and , while Muhammad was still
in Mecca, attempted to find a way to end his preaching. He was eventually killed at
Badr by the Muslims . See Guillaume, 118, 132-33 , 191, 296-98; Ibn Hazm, Jam-
harat, 76.
24 Biographies
the Prophet 's side . At the head of his family, he stood firmly by the
Prophet in the battle of Hunayn , while [other] people retreated,
deserting the Prophet.
According to Ibn `Umar [al -Wagidi] 110-Khalid b. al-Qasim al-
Bayadi-Shu`bah, the client of Ibn `Abbas : Al-`Abbas ' spine was
straight, and he used to tell us that when `Abd al-Muttalib111 died
his spine was [even] straighter than his.
Al-'Abbas died on Friday, 14 Rajab 32 /February 19, 653 , during
the caliphate of `Uthman b . `Affan, 112 at the age of eighty-eight.
He was buried in al-Bagi', in the burial ground of the Hashim
family.
It was reported that when al-`Abbas died his body was washed
by `Ali b. Abi Talib, together with `Abdallah, Ubaydallah, and
Qutham, sons of al-`Abbas.113
According to Muhammad b. `All,114 al-`Abbas b. `Abd al-
Muttalib died in the year 34 (July 22, 654-July 1o, 655). `Uthman
[b. `Affan] said the ritual prayer over his bier, and he was buried in
al-BagI'.
602-14; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 390- 416; Caetani, II, 238-53; al-Wagidi, 989-
1025.
rio. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1, 20.
111. That is, al-`Abbas' father and the Prophet 's grandfather.
112. The third caliph, who ruled in the years 23-35 /644-56.
113. The body of the dead was washed by relatives or close friends. `Ali and
al-`Abbas both belonged to the Hashim clan, and it is feasible that there were close
ties between them . However, in view of the political rivalry between the descen-
dants of `Ali (supported by the Shl'ah) and those al= Abbas (the `Abbasid dynasty),
reports of the close ties between the two eponyms may be biased . See Sharon,
Black Banners, chap. 4; Madelung, "Hashimiyyat "; compare the scene in which
`Ali, al-`Abbas, the latter's two sons al-Fall and Qutham, and two others are
depicted washing the dead body of the Prophet ; Guillaume, 687-88. This story
helped the Shi'ah to explain 'Ali's failure to demand the caliphate that day.
114. Perhaps Muhammad al-Bagir is meant here; he provided other information
about the family as well. See, e.g., p. 12, above.
26 Biographies
115. The meaningful tribal name here is Bahra', of the great Quda`ah confedera-
tion. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 441; "Bahra'," E12, I, 938 (C. E. Bosworth). On al-
Migdad, see "Mikdad b. `Amr," EI2, VII, 32-33 (G. H. A. juynboll); Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 16-17; idem, Ta'rikh, 144; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 46; Ibn Sa'd,
III/I, 114-16; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 204-5; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Munammaq,
363-64.
116. An alliance, hil f, was a legal act by which an individual was admitted into a
clan and accorded the same rights and obligations as the members of the clan. The
clan was usually represented by one of its members (in this instance al-Aswad b.
`Abd Yaghuth). See "Hilf," EI2, III, 388-89 (E. Tyan); Crone, Roman, Provincial
and Islamic Law, 51-56. This sense of 11il f should be distinguished from hilf in the
sense of an alliance between two groups, concluded for the purpose of a common
military enterprise.
I17. An important clan of the Quraysh. See Watt, Muhammad at Mecca, 5-8
and passim; Caskel, II, 2-4. Al-Aswad was the Prophet' s maternal cousin, yet he
opposed Islam; see Mu'arrij b. `Amr al-Sadusi, 61.
i 18. Ibn Sa'd, III/ I, I14; see also p. 9, above.
119. Ibn Sa`d, III/ I, 115.
120. See Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, II, 62. The place was apparently a base when-
ce the Muslim armies set out for raids. See, e.g., al-Wagidi, 1125; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh,
I, 1796 and passim.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 27
December 5, 656, after the battle had taken place, al-Zubayr rode
his horse, named Dhu al-Khimar, and left for Medina. He was
killed [on the way] in Wadi al-Sibs` and was buried there.127
`Urwah [b. al-Zubayr] said: My father was killed in [the immediate
aftermath of ] the battle of the Camel, aged sixty-four.
low), and the Prophet's widow `A'ishah fought against the fourth caliph, `Ali b. Abi
Talib, the casus belli being their request that `Ali punish the murderers of the third
caliph, `Uthman b. 'Affan. According to the prevailing versions, Talhah and al-
Zubayr were not killed in battle but repented their move and retreated. They were
nevertheless killed by `All's supporters. See Kennedy, 76; Wellhausen, Arab King-
dom, 51-53; "Djamal," EI2, II, 414-16 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); Caetani, IX, 23-225;
`Armush; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3111-3224.
127. A wadi on the way from southern Iraq to the I:Iijaz; see Yaqut, Mu'jam al-
buldan, III, 29.
128. A close Companion of the Prophet, of the Qurashi clan Taym. See "Tallha b.
Ubaidallah," EI1, VIII, 640-41 (G. Levi Della Vida); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
16o, 165; idem, Tabagat, 18; In Hanbal, Facia'il, 743-48; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
25; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 437; Ibn Sa'd, III/1, 152-61.
129. "`Ammar b. Yasir," E12, I, 448 (H. Reckendorf); In Sa'd, III/1, 176-89;
Khallfah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 173; idem, Tabagat, 21, 75, 189; Ibn Hanbal, Facia'il,
857-61; In Hibban, Mashahir, 74; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 156-75, V, 48-52.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 29
130. Wa-bann malik bn udad min madhhij. The text here is not accurate: the
Bann Malik b. Udad were not part of the Madhhij but identical with it (the struc-
ture of the sentence does not allow interpretation of min as mubayyinah). Madhhij
was a toponym and also the name of a large, powerful tribal group of Yemeni
origin. According to the Arab genealogists, the real name (and pedigree) of this
group is Malik, b. Udad. See "Madhhidj," E12, V, 953-54 (G. R. Smith [C. E.
Bosworth]]; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 397, 405. See also note 406, below.
131. The text has raba instead of aba, obviously an error. The Cairo edition,
508, has a hypercorrection (rabba, "raised"), whereas the Dar al-Fikr edition, 504,
has aba.
132. A leader of the powerful Qurashi clan the Makhznm, who died before
Islam, so that not much is known about him. See al-Zubayri, 300.
133. There are a few tribes by that name, all belonging to the confederation of
Rabi'ah. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 295, 298.
134. A member of the tribe of Thagzf, the people of the town al-Ta'if. He lived in
pre-Islamic times, learned the craft of medicine in Persia, and was known as the
Arab doctor of his time. See Hawting, "Development."
135. A son of the aforementioned al-Harith b. Kaladah by a slave girl named
Sumayyah (not identical with `Ammar's mother). He was freed by the Prophet and
became a well-known Companion. His offspring attained high positions in both
learning and administration. See Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Isti`ab, IV, 23; see Ibn Hajar,
IIabah, IV, 334-35, for the confusion between Sumayyah the slave girl of Abu
Iludhayfah and mother of `Ammar and Sumayyah the slave girl of al-IIarith b.
Kaladah and mother of Abu Bakrah and Salamah. Contrary to our text, Salamah b.
al-Azraq was not the half-brother of `Ammar).
30 Biographies
ing at his ear, which had been cut and was dangling, while he
fought vehemently.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Abi `Ubay-
dah-his father-Lu'lu'ah, the client of Umm al-Hakam bt.
`Ammar b. Yasir: On the day `Ammar was killed, Hashim b.
`Utbah was carrying the flag;141 `Ali's companions suffered great
losses, until the time for the afternoon [prayer] came. When the
sun began setting `Ammar moved behind Hashim, advancing past
him. `Ammar was holding [a vessel with] a mixture of milk and
water and was awaiting sunset in order to break his fast. When the
sun had set and he had drunk the mixture he said: "I heard the
Prophet say'Your last meal in this world will be a mixture of milk
and water."' He then went forward and fought until he was killed.
He was ninety-four years old.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Abdallah b. al-Harith-
his father-`Umarah b. Khuzaymah b. Thabit: Khuzaymah b.
Thabit [b. al-Fakih al-Ansari] was present at the battle of the
Camel but never drew his sword. He was [also] present at the
battle of SiffIn, where he said: "I shall never stray from the right
path, [as I will wait] until `Ammar is killed so that I can see who
kills him, for I have heard the Prophet say 'The unjust party will
kill [`Ammar]."' When `Ammar was killed Khuzaymah said "The
wrong way is now clear to me." Then he went forward and fought
until he was killed.
`Ammar's killer was Abu Ghadiyah of the Muzaynah tribe.142
He stabbed him with a lance, and `Ammar fell. [`Ammar] was
fighting [seated] in a litter that day; he was killed at the age of
ninety-four. When he fell [as a result of Abu Ghadiyah's blow] [23171
aging his fellow tribesmen and intimidating the enemy. `Ammar here encourages
the people also by reminding them that death in battle will earn them paradise.
141. The reference is to the battle of Siffin, in the year 37/657, between the
fourth caliph, `Ali b. Abi Talib, and his opponent Mu'awiyah b. Abi Sufyan, who
later founded the Umayyad dynasty. See Kennedy, 78-79; Wellhausen, Arab King-
dom, 75-112; Petersen, 186-96; Hinds, "Siffin"; Hawting, First Dynasty, 28;
Caetani, IX, 429-541; Nasr b. Muzahim; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh I, 3256-3349 (3317-22
on `Ammar. Cf. Ibn al-Jawzi, Muntazam, V, 118-19.
142. There were at least two persons by the name Abu Ghadiyah. According to
Ibn IIajar, Isabah, IV, 150-52, following many other scholars, the Abu Ghadiyah
who killed `Ammar was not the one of the Muzaynah but the one of the tribe of
Juhaynah. Both are counted among the Companions. Cf. Nasr b. Muzal.im, 339-
42
32 Biographies
another man bent down over him and pierced his head . The two
men started quarreling, each claiming "It was I who killed him,"
whereupon `Amr b. al-'As said "Indeed, these two are contesting
[the 'right' to enter] hell. 1114-3 Mu `awiyah heard this, and when the
two men were gone he said to `Amr: "I never saw anything like
what you did. These people fought with devotion for our cause,
and you tell them 'You are contesting [the "right " to enter] hell?"'
`Amr said : " By God, this is so and, by God, you do know this [too].
I wish I had died twenty years before this."
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Ja`far-Ibn
Abi `Awn: `Ammar was killed when he was ninety -one years old;
he had been born before the Prophet . [He was killed like this]:
Three men approached him, namely , 'Uqbah b. `Amir al-Juhani,
Umar b . al-IIarith al-Khawlani, and Shank b. Salamah al-
Muradi.144 They drew near him together while he was saying "By
God, [even] if you beat us [so hard] that you make us reach the
palm trees of Hajar, 145 we know that we are in the right and you in
the wrong." All [three] of them pounced on him and killed him.
Some people claim that 'Uqbah b . `Amir killed him, whereas oth-
ers hold that it was `Umar b . al-Harith al -Khawlani.
Abu Ja `far [al-Tabari] says : According to Hisham b. Muhammad
[al-Kalbi]-Abu Mikhnaf: `Ammar did not desist from urging on
Hashim b . `Utbah, who was carrying the flag, until he [announced
a] charge. Then `Ammar got up, leading his squadron, and Dhu al-
Kala` rose up to him , leading his own squadron.146 They fought
143. Or, "These two will be quarreling nowhere but in hell ." `.Amr, who sup-
ported Mu`awiyah, implies that Mu`awiyah acted wrongfully and was bound to go
to hell together with his supporters. See also Nasr b . Muzahim , 333, 341
144. 'Uqbah b. `Amir was a famous Companion credited with the transmission
of many prophetic traditions , a poet who mastered the art of writing , and a Qur'an
reader who had a version of the holy book different from the canonical `Uthmani
text ( see note 94, above, but he is not recorded by Jeffery). He supported Mu`awiyah
against `Ali and was later appointed governor of Egypt. See Ibn IHajar, Isabah, II,
489; al-Kind-1, 35-36 . The two other persons mentioned here are apparently much
less well known; see Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, X, 306.
145. Oases situated in the eastern part of the Arabian peninsula , also known as
al-Ahsa' or Hasa; see "Hasa," EI2, III, 2 37-38 (F. S. Vidal).
146. Cf. Nasr b . Muzahim, 333 Dhu al-Kala`, of the Yemeni people of Himyar,
was a powerful local king in the Yemen in pre -Islamic times. He was converted to
Islam as late as the time of the second caliph, `Umar, and became one of the most
powerful leaders of the Yemeni tribes in Syria. He supported Mu`awiyah against
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 33
and were both killed, and both their squadrons were entirely [2318]
destroyed. Huwayy al-Saksaki147 and Abu Ghadiyah al-Muzani
[were the ones who] fell on `Ammar and killed him. [Later] Abu
Ghadiyah was asked "How did you kill him?" He said "When our
squadrons moved toward each other, he called out 'Is anyone pre-
pared to fight a duel? '148 A man of the Sakasik came forward, they
exchanged blows with their swords, and `Ammar killed the Sak-
saki. Then he called [again], 'Is anyone prepared to fight a duel?' A
man of the Himyar came forward, they exchanged blows with
their swords, and `Ammar killed the Himyari, [but] the latter had
weakened him. [Then] `Ammar called out [again]: 'Who is pre-
pared to fight a duel?' I came forward, and we exchanged blows.
His hand had already weakened, and I stooped and dealt him an-
other blow, whereupon he fell, and I hit him with my sword until
he died. People shouted'You have killed Abu al-Yagzan; may God
kill you.' I said 'Go away; I do not care who you were.'149 I swear
that I did not recognize him that day." Muhammad b. al-
Muntashir said to Abu Ghadiyah "0 Abu al-Ghadiyah, on the day
of judgment your adversary will be mdrandar," meaning
,,bulky.,, 15o Abu Ghadiyah laughed.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Abi `Ubaydah
b. Muhammad b. `Ammar-his father-Lu'lu'ah, the client of
Umm al-Hakam bt. `Ammar, who described `Ammar to them say-
ing: He was brown-toned, tall, flabby, his eyes dark blue, his
shoulders broad. He was not in the habit of dyeing his white hair.
`Ali and was killed in the battle of Siffin . See Hasson, Recherches, 167-70; Crone,
Slaves, 95; Nasr b . Muzahim, passim . On I;Iimyar, see note 405, below.
147. Huwayy seems famous mainly for killing `Ammar (but he is not mentioned
by Nasr b. Muzahim or by al -Tabari in the story of `Ammar's death); see Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 431-32; Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 196. His son was one of the nota-
bles of Damascus; see In Manzur, Mukhta$ar, XIX, 203. Huwayy's clan, the
Sakasik, was part of the powerful Yemeni tribe of Kindah ; see "Kinda," EI2, V,118-
20 (A. F. L. Beeston). The Kindi branches that settled in Syria after the Muslim
conquest were ardent supporters of Mu `awiyah; see Hasson, Recherches , 112-15.
148. See note 104, above.
149. Apparently Abu Ghadiyah is addressing `Ammar, who is already dead.
150. Vocalized mazundar in Ibn Sa'd, III/1 , 187; see also al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I,
173. Although glossed by Arabic dakhm, "big, bulky," the meaning of this Persian
word is by no means clear . De Goeje suggests "terrible, grave"; Glossarium, s.v.
marandar.
34 Biographies
151. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 135; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 177; al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, I, 3289, 3297, 3299; In Hajar, Isabah, I, 141. The clan 's name is Banu'Adi
b. 'Amr, of the Mudar; see In Hazm, Jamharat, 239.
152. 'Abdallah was commander of the infantry; see Nasr b . Muzahim , 102, III,
205, and passim.
153. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 83; In Hibban, Mashahir, 77; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 170; In Sa'd, IV/2, 90-92, IV, 33; Nasr b. Muzahim, 363. Khuzaymah's
clan was the Banu Khatmah, a part of the Aws (one of two tribes making up the
Ansar).
154. Dha al-shahadatayn, so called because the Prophet highly estimated him
and considered his testimony equal to that of two men; see Ibn Hajar , Isabah, I,
425-26.
155. The Banu al-Najjar was an important clan of the Khazraj (the other of the
two tribes making up the Ansar).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 35
battle of ] Siffin on the side of `Ali b. Abi Talib and was killed there.
He was the brother of Abu Juhaym b. al-Harith b. al-Simmah.156
156. A minor Companion, who was credited with the transmission of certain
important traditions; see Ibn I;Iajar, Isabah, IV, 36.
157. Al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Dun), 294; Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabagat, 105;
Nasr b. Muzahim, 187, 357-59; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3270-71, 3290. He was of the
Bann al-Najjar, of the Khazraj (Ansar).
158. In Hibban, Mashdhir, 34; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 176-77; Ibn
Qudamah, 389-91; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim; al-Qummi, III, 156-57; al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, I, 3322-24. He belonged to the Qurashi clan the Band Zuhrah and was
known as a brave warrior.
159. One of the major battles of the Muslim conquest of Syria; see Donner, Early
Islamic Conquests, 133-36, 142; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2090-2121.
16o. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2324; Nasr b. Muzahim, 327, 355; Ibn al-Athir,
Kdmil, III, 314.
161. Although said to have participated in the battle of Badr , he appears to be a
rather obscure Companion; see In Hajar, Isabah, IV, 155 (full name not
mentioned).
3 6 Biographies
162. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 80; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 181; idem, Taba-
qat, 85; Ibn Sa'd, III/2, 39-41. The clan, 'Awf b. 'Amr, belonged to the Aws (Ansar);
see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 336.
163. There is some confusion in the genealogy of Sahl. See Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab
ma'add, 372; idem, Jamharat, 630; In Hazm, Jamharat, 336.
164. In Sa'd, III/2, 40. There is a play on words here, as sahl means "easy." See
also Ibn 'Abd al- Barr, Isti'ab, II, 92; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XII, 185.
165. The Prophet's paternal cousin and son-in-law and the fourth caliph (35-
40/656-661. See "'All b. Abi Talib," EP, I, 381-86; al-Amin, 111/1-3; Ibn Sa'd, III/I,
11-27; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rfkh, 182-83; idem, Tabagat, 4-5; In Hibban,
Mashahir, 24; Ibn Hanbal, Facia'il, 528-728.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 37
166. The dates do not correspond to the weekdays mentioned here. According to
Cattenoz' tables, the 17th of Ramadan was a Sunday and the 19th a Tuesday.
Laylat al- jum'ah and laylat al-ahad are rendered as Thursday and Saturday be-
cause the Arabs count the days by the nights that precede them.
167. ThagIl al-'aynayn, perhaps bulging eyes or drooping eyelids.
168. One of the earliest converts and a close Companion of the Prophet. See
"Said b . Zaid," EII, VII, 66-67 (A. J. Wensinck); Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 26;
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 205; idem, Tabagat, 22; Ibn Qudamah, 424-26.
According to `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib , Ta'rikh, 122, he died in the year 46/666-67.
The clan's name is Banu `Adi, of the Quraysh.
169. Much has been written about the pre-Islamic Arab monotheists , the Ilanifs;
the most recent study is Rubin's "Hanifiyya."
170. The precise date of this event is not known but is usually placed in about
A.D. 610. See Conrad, "Abraha," especially 233-35; on the construction history of
the Ka'bah, see Rubin, " Ka`ba."
171. Ibn Sa'd, III/1, 277. Cf. al-Tabari, Jami`, II, 8-l0: As the role of Muham-
mad's community on judgment Day is to testify that God's messengers indeed
conveyed the messages , the argument here may be that Zayd 's testimony will be
equivalent to that of the whole community . It is usually the archmonotheist, the
patriarch Abraham, who is referred to as ummah, interpreted as "leader" or "teach-
er of what is good "; see Qur 'an 16:120; al-Tabari , Jami', XIV, 191-92.
38 Biographies
[2322] Said b. Zayd had been converted to Islam before the Prophet
entered the house of al-Arqam to preach from there.172 He partici-
pated with the Prophet in [the battle ofJ Uhud, the Ditch, and all
the [other] events except [the battle of ] Badr.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abd al-Malik b. Zayd, a
descendant of Said b. Zayd-his father: Said b. Zayd died in
al-`Agiq,173 and people carried him on their shoulders to Medina,
where he was buried. Sa'd [b. Abi Wagqas?]174 and [`Abdallah] Ibn
`Umar descended into his grave.175 He was seventy-odd years old
when he died in the year So or 5 1/670-71 or 671-72. He had been
exceptionally tall, of brown complexion, and hairy.
signet ring is in his grave." 177 So `Ali went down, for he had seen
where the ring had fallen, picked it up, and gave it to al-Mughirah.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Muhammad b. Abi Musa [2323]
al-Thagafi-his father: Al-Mughirah died in al-Kufah in Sha`ban,
5o/September 670, during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah, at the age
of seventy. He had been an extremely tall man and one-eyed; it
was [also] said that he had woolly, curled, chestnut-colored hair,
in which he used to make four partings. He had a big head, con-
tracting lips, broken front teeth, thick arms, and broad shoulders.
177. Ibn Sa'd, 111/2, 77-78. Such sayings would have earned al-Mughirah prestige.
As he was a controversial figure, the point of the story is that such prestige was
denied him.
178. 'Ali's eldest son, the second imam of the Shi`ah. See "al-Hasan b. `Ali", EI2,
1111, 240-43 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); al-Amin, IV, 3-109; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
194; idem, Tabaqat, 5; Ibn Hanbal, Fada'il, 766-89; In Hibban, Mashahir, 24-25;
al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Mahmudi(, 5-74; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 119-20.
179. Cf. Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi, fol. 72a-b. Lamenting the dead (nawh,
niyahah) was a pre-Islamic practice, banned in many sayings attributed to the
Prophet. Shedding tears for them (buka') was, however, permitted; see "Niyaha,"
EI2, VIII, 64-65 (T. Fahd); Juynboll, Muslim Tradition, 96-108.
40 Biographies
18o. "Abu Ayyub," EI2, I, 108-9; Khalifah b. Khayyat Ta'rikh, 197; idem, Taba-
qat, 89; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 49; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 242, III (Dun), 53; al-
A`zami, Kuttdb, 33-34.
181. The clan's name is Banu al-Najjar, of the Khazraj (Ansar(.
182. An early convert, of the Qurashi clan the Banu `Abd al-Dar, who was the
Prophet's deputy in Medina before the Emigration ; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 421-
22.
183. In the year 49/669-70. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 86; al-Manbiji, 69 and n. 6.
On Yazid, who reigned after his father Mu`awiyah, see Hawting, First Dynasty, 40-
44 and passim; "Yazid," Eh, VIII, 1162-63 (H. Lammens).
184. Ibn Sa'd, III/2, 50.
185. A nephew of Khadijah, the Prophet's wife, of the Qurashi clan the Banu
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 41
Asad. See Ibn IIibban, Mashahir, 31; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 211; idem,
Tabaqat, 13-14; Ibn Qudamah, 270-72.
186. Literally, "I had brains"; see also note 1o8, above, on the Year of the
Elephant.
187. `Abd al-Muttalib, grandfather of the Prophet, vowed that if he had ten
grown-up sons he would sacrifice one of them to God. The lot fell to 'Abdallah,
father of the Prophet, who was then ransomed with a hundred camels. See Ibn
Hisham, I, 16o-64; Guillaume, 66-68; al-Tabari, Ta'rskh, I, 1073-78.
188. See p . 24, above.
189. A series of pre-Islamic battles between the Quraysh with their allies and
several other tribal groups, see E. Landau-Tasseron, "Sinful Wars."
19o. That is, they were nephews of the famous Companion al-Zubayr b.
al-`Awwam.
191. A Qurashi clan. Fihr is in fact considered as the real eponym of the tribe,
Quraysh being a byname. See Caskel, II, 4; al-Zubayri, 443-46; In Hazm, jam-
harat, 12, 176-78.
42 Biographies
192. Hakim is referring to the pension awarded the Muslim veterans among
others. On the system of the pensions instituted by `Umar (diwan), see Puin;
"`Ata'," EI2, I, 729-30 (Cl. Cahen); "Diwan," ibid. II, 323-24 (A. A. DUn ).
193. Dar may refer to a plot containing a courtyard and one or more buildings.
194. Of the Qurashi clan the Banu Zuhrah. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 58;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 211; idem, Tabagat, 15; Ibn Qudamah, 291-92.
195. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 29-30 (the biography of the Qurashi Companion
Azhar b. `Abd `Awf, II, 51-52 (the biography of the Qurashi Companion Said b.
Yarbu`). The sacred territory in Mecca was demarcated with the help of stones,
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 43
believed to have been first put there by Abraham under the guidance of the angel
fibril; see al-Azragi, I, 358-60.
196. The informant `Abdallah b . Ja`far was a descendant of Makhramah; see al-
Wagidi, 1, and index.
197. Ibn Sa`d, V, 335-36; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 211; idem, Tabagat, 27;
Ibn I Iibban, Mashdhir, 60; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 362; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, VII, 468-
69; Ibn al-Jawzi, Muntazam , V, 273-75. The `Amir b . Lu'ayy are a Qurashi clan. See
Caskel, II, 3-4; al-Zubayri, 412; Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 12, 166-68.
198. Jahiliyyah is the name given in the Muslim tradition to the pre-Islamic
period . The name signifies both "ignorance" (of God) and "the state of being
unbridled or unrestrained ." See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, 2or-8. It canusually
be translated simply as "pre -Islamic times," unless the text seems to make a point
of the contradistinction Jahiliyyah vs. Islam.
199. On the importance of precedence (sabigah) see note 6o, above.
44 Biographies
203. The point of the story seems to be that the Prophet is a man who keeps his
word. First, he complies with the demand to leave the town. Second, only those
Muslims who had come with him for the `umrah are to leave. This is in agreement
with the Hudaybiyyah treaty that forbade new Meccan converts to emigrate to
Medina, except by permission of their patrons.
204. Literally, "you are protected by God's protection." See note 56, above.
205. See note 60, above.
206. Aslim taslam. In this particular context safety is not relevant because
Huwaytib has already been granted protection. This, however, was a slogan often
46 Biographies
is the most kind, forbearing, and generous of all people. His honor
[2329] is your honor, and his power is your power." I said "I shall go with
you to him." So I went with him to the Prophet in al-Bathd'.207
Abu Bakr and `Umar were with him. I stood near him and asked
Abu Dharr "What does one say to him by way of greeting?" He
answered: ["One says]: 'Peace be with you, 0 Messenger of God,
and God's mercy."1208 This I said, whereupon he replied "And
peace be with you, 0 IHuwaytib." I said "I testify that there is no
god but Allah and that you are God' s messenger." The Prophet
said "Praise be to God, Who led you to the right path." The
Prophet was glad about my conversion. He asked for a loan from
me, and I lent him 40,000 dirhams. Then I participated in [the
battle of ] I;lunayn and [the siege of ] al-Td' if with him, and he gave
me zoo camels from the spoils of Hunayn.
According to Abu Ja'far [al-Tabari]: Huwaytib later went to Me-
dina and settled there. He had a house at al-Balat, by the Qur'an
copyists' [quarter].209
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi al-
Zinad-his father: Huwaytib sold his house in Mecca to
Mu`awiyah for 40,000 dinars. [People] said to him "0 Abu
Muhammad, 40,000 dinars?!" He said "What are 40,000 dinars to
a man who has five children? "210 `Abd al-Rahman b. Abi al-Zinad
said "By God, at that time he was among the recipients of the
monthly [rations] of food."211
Huwaytib b. `Abd al-`Uzza died in Medina in the year 54/673-
74, during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah, at the age of i2o.
used by the Prophet when inviting tribal or foreign leaders to join Islam. See, e.g.,
Hamidullah, Majma'at al-watha 'iq, 32, 35, 77, 81.
207. That is, Mecca; see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan , I, 662.
2o8. The pre-Islamic formal greetings were deliberately changed in Islam; see,
e.g., al-Wagidi, 964.
209. `Inds ashab a1-masahif. Al-Sam`ani, V, 308 -9, equates the appellation
Masahifi with kana yaktub a1-masahif ("he was a Qur'an copyist ") and with sahib
al-masahif. I thank Dr. Estelle Whelan for this reference. Al-Balat was the area
around the Prophet's mosque in Medina, so called because it was paved with
stones. See `Umar b. Shabbah, I, 16-17 (al-Balat), 252-53 (Huwaytib's house); al-
Samhudi, II, 734 - 47 (Huwaytib 's house in 743-44, 746).
21o. Al-Zubayri, 426.
211. Qut. See Ibn al-Farm', 239; Abu `Ubayd, 107.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 47
2 12. An early convert of the Qurashi clan Makhzum, whose leaders opposed the
Prophet. See Ibn IIibban, Mashdhfr, 57; Ibn Sa`d, III/1, 172-74; Ibn Qudamah, 388-
89; al-A`zami, Kuttdb, 44-45.
213. A hill in Mecca, opposite the Ka'bah, see Yaqut, Mu'jam al-bulddn, III, 397.
Certain rituals are performed between this hill and the Marwah during the
pilgrimage.
214. In Sa'd, III/1, 173. Our text, as well as Cairo, 519, and Dar al-Fikr, 515,
have wa-ft, "in," instead of wa-hiya al-ddr, "this was the house," evidently an
error.
215. Performing the burial ritual was in fact the governor's task, as was the
conducting of the Friday prayer. Political opposition was expressed by refusal to
join the prayer under the governor's leadership, and perhaps the present incident
had a similar political significance.
48 Biographies
arrived and said the prayer over al-Arqam's bier. This was in Me-
dina in the year 55 (December 6, 674-November 24, 67 5 ) .
Al-Arqam died at the age of eighty-odd years.
Abu Mahdhurah.216
His name was Aws b. Mi'yar b. Lawdhan b. Rabi'ah b. `Uwayj b.
Sa`d b. Jumah.
Abu Mahdhurah had a full brother by the name of Unays, who
was killed as an infidel at Badr.
According to Ibn Sa`d217-someone who traced the pedigree of
[2331] Abu Mahdhurah: His name was Samurah b. `Umayr b. Lawdhan b.
Wahb b. Sad b. Jumah, and he had a full brother by the name of
Aws.
Abu Mahdhurah fathered `Abd al-Malik and Hudayr.
He died in Mecca in the year 59 (October 23, 678-October 12,
679). He never emigrated but remained living in Mecca until his
death.
216. A member of the Qurashi clan the BanU Jumah; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
159-63. Genealogists tend to confuse him with his brother. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah,
IV, 176; In Iiibban, Mashahir, 56-57; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 24; Ibn Hanb-
al, Fada'il, 977; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 527, IVa, 183; Ibn Qudamah, 461.
217. In Sa'd, V, 332-33.
218. `All's second son and the third imam of the ShI'ah. See "Husayn b. `Ali,"
E12, III, 607-15 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); al-Amin, IV, 110-404; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III
(Mahmudi), 142-21o and passim; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 221, 224, 226;
idem, Tabagat, 5, 230; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 25; In Hanbal, Facla'il, 766- 88; al-
Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 227-390.
219. The reference is to the massacre at Karbala' near al-Kufah, al-Taff being the
designation of the district; see Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, III, 5 39 This is where al-
I Iusayn and many members of his family were killed by the Umayyad governor
while trying to reach their supporters in al-KUfah. See "Karbala'," E72, IV, 637-39
(E. Honigmann); Kennedy, 89 -90; see also the references in the preceding note and
below.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 49
220. Abu Sufyan was one of the most important leaders of the Quraysh at the
time of the Prophet and the father of Mu`awiyah, founder of the Umayyad dynasty;
see "Abu Sufyan," E12, I, 151 (W . M. Watt).
221. A Medinan pre-Islamic poet who embraced Islam and became the poet of
the Prophet, serving the Islamic cause with his verses, see p. 72, below.
222. Awfa qurayshin bi-dhimmatin , i.e., among the Quraysh he is the most
loyal where the granting of protection is concerned. Such a praise indicates not
only his personal character but his high social status as well because effective
protection could be granted only by influential people.
223. A famous love poet of the Umayyad period. See "Omar b. Abi Rabra," El',
1, 979 ( I. Kratschkowsky); al-$afadi, XXII, 492-501; Jabbur.
5o Biographies
224. That is, the Shi`i rebels led by al-Husayn b. `Ali b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. al-
Hasan b. `Ali b. Abi Talib, in the year 169/785-86. See "Fakhkh," E12,]1, 744-45 (L.
Veccia Vaglieri); van Arendonck, 62-65; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, III, 551-68. An edition
of Akhbar fakhkh by the fourth-century author Ahmad b. Sahl al-Razi is currently
in preparation by Mahir Jarrar.
225. Labitha ... la yajlis, literally, "would not sit," apparently in an assembly;
see "Madjlis," E12, V, 1031-33 (ed.). Because Hammad was a traditionist, it is
logical that the reference here is to his teaching sessions.
226. Love of the `Alid family is a major precept of the Shi i creed.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 5r
230. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rfkh, II, 426: here al-Miswar dies fighting. The occasion is
the second fitnah ("civil war"), which lasted from 61-73/680-92. The events
described here took place in the year 64/683. See Rotter; and also the biography of
'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr below.
23 r. The call for the appointment of caliphs by a council (rather than by inheri-
tance or force) was often voiced in early Islam by those opposing the government,
see Crone, "Meaning of the Abbasid Call."
232. The mistake arises from the confusion between the two sieges on Mecca, in
64/683 and 73/692, see Ibn I;Iajar, I$abah, III, 420 (s.v. Miswar b. Makhramah). On
Yahya b. Ma'in, a traditionist and biographer (d. 233/847), see F. Sezgin, I, ro6-7;
Sayf.
233. Ibn Hibban, Mashdhfr, 81; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rfkh, 258; idem, Taba-
qat, 107, 137. The clan's name is Haram b. Hubshiyyah of the Khuza'ah confedera-
tion, traced here to the southern tribe Azd and elsewhere (e.g., Ibn Hazm, famharat
237-38; see also Ibn al-Kalb!, Nasab ma'add, 439, 456-60) to the northern con-
federation of Mu4lar. See "Khuza'a," EI2, V, 76-80 (M. J. Kister).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 53
234. The Prophet often changed people's names if they contained references to
an idol or were otherwise not pleasing. Yasar was a common name of slaves. See
Kister, "Call Yourselves."
235. On the foundation of al-Kufah during the period of the conquests, the most
recent work is Djait, Al-Knfa.
236. That is, at Karbala'. See al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Mahmndi), 149-53 (on the
role of Sulayman).
237. A place near al-Kufah, where `Ali was encamped before setting out for the
battle of Siffin. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3256, 3259; Yagnt, Mu'jam al-buldan, IV,
771.
238. A formulaic number; see Conrad, "Abraha."
239. See Hawting, First Dynasty, 51; idem, "The Tawwabtin"; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, V, 204-13; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 497-513, 538-76.
240. Son of the Umayyad general al-Husayn b. Numayr. See Hawting, First
Dynasty, 48-49; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 210; Nasr b. Muzab.im, 128.
241. The first Muslim to be born in I jims; he was a commander in the Umayyad
army. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3305,11, 559, 564, 568; Nasr b. Muzahim, 267-68;
Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar IV, 230-32; al-Suynxi, Wasa'il, Ioo; al-Safadi, VIII, 330.
5 4 Biographies
242. Cousin and Companion of the Prophet, considered as the greatest authority
on Qur'an interpretation. He was the ancestor of the `Abbasid dynasty. See "`Abd
Allah b. `Abbas," E12, I, 40-41 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); Jeffery, 193-94; Sharon, Black
Banners, 82-84; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 28; In I;Ianbal, Facla'il, 844-47; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, III (6&1), 27-55; Akhbar al-dawlah, passim; Abu al-Nasr.
243. That is, `Amir b. Sa`sa`ah, an important tribal confederation of northern
origin. Some of its branches were closely related to the Quraysh in pre-Islamic
times. See "`Amir b. Sa`sa`a," E12, I, 441-42 (W. Caskel); Kister, "Mecca and Tam-
im," 132-34, 136-39, 157; Ibn Hazm, jamharat, 272-92.
244. The ShI`ah reserve this honorary epithet for the fourth imam, `Ali Zayn
al-`Abidin, see al-Amin, V, 409.
245. Traditions mention four kings of the tribe of Kindah who came to the
Prophet and embraced Islam but apostatized after his death and were killed. See
Ibn Hazm, jamharat, 428; al-Kala'i, 229; al-Hilli, 78-79; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2004;
Lecker, "Kinda."
246. An eminent member of the Talibl family and the ancestor of the further
progeny of that family. See Ibn Hazm, jamharat, 68; Ibn Qudamah, 118; al-
Zubayrl, 82.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 55
247. Akhbar al-dawlah, 118. I could find hardly any detail on this `Abdallah,
except that he transmitted traditions. See Ibn I;Iajar, Tahdhib, V, 267; Ibn
Qudamah, 161; al-Zubayri, 29.
248. As part of their struggle against the Prophet, the Quraysh are said to have
proclaimed a boycott of the Prophet's relatives, i.e., the clans of the Banu Hashim
and the Banu al-Muttalib. See Ibn Hisham, I, 375-80, II, 14-21; Guillaume, 159-
61, 172-75.
249. The enumeration of the merits (managib) of a group or an individual was a
common practice among the Muslims, inherited from pre-Islamic times; see Gold-
ziher Muslim Studies, I, 45-46. There was emphasis on the merits of the An^ar in
particular, precisely because in practice they were gradually deprived of political
power; see Hasson, "Contribution."
5 6 Biographies
A white bird came and entered the bier.255 When he was laid in the
grave we heard a voice reciting "0 confident soul, go back to your
Lord pleased and pleasing."256
According to anonymous source(s)-`Ali b. Muhammad [al- [2338]
Mada'ini]: `Abdallah b. `Abbas died at the age of seventy-four.
255. The text has bayna al-na`sh wa-al-sarir, both words signifying "bier." Cf.
in al-'Ujaymi, 65 (where the bird enters inside the shrouds); Ibn al-Jawzi, Mun-
tazam, VI, 75; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, III, 358; al-$afadi, XVII, 234.
256. Qur'an, 89:27.
257. An eminent Ansari. See Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 30; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 268; idem, Tabagat, 96.
258. The clan' s name is Banu Khudrah, of the Khazraj (Ansar); see Ibn Iiazm,
Jamharat, 472.
259. That is, those who had participated in the battle of Badr. See note 60, above.
260. The account revolves around a point of law, i.e., the age of legal majority in
Islam. See "Baligh," E12, I, 993 (ed.); Conrad, "Abraha," n. 94.
58 Biographies
261. Al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 248; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 261; idem, Taba-
qat, 102; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 30. The name of Jabir's clan is Banu Salimah of the
Khazraj (Ansar); see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 358.
262. On the day after the defeat at Uhud, in Shawwal 3/625. See al-Wagidi, 334-
40; Wellhausen, Muhammad, 149-51. Cf. Ibn Hisham, III, rob, r 1o-r r;
Guillaume, 390-91.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 59
263. Son of the third caliph 'Uthman b. 'Affan, of the Umayyad family. He
served as governor of Medina for'Abd al-Malik ( 65-86 /685-705 ) but was dismissed
after seven years. He is considered an important authority on prophetic tradition
and the Prophet 's campaigns. See "Aban b . 'Uthman," EI2, I, 2-3 (K. V. Zetters-
teen); Duri, Rise of Historical Writing, 24-25.
264. Of the Prophet's clan, Hashim; see the genealogical table. See also "'Abdal-
lah b. Ja'far," EI2, I, 44 (K. V. Zettersteen ); In Hibban, Mashahir, 27; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 279; Ibn Qudamah, 116-18. See his father's biography , pp. 4-5,
above.
265. Al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 1040.
266. The text is garbled here (sanat arba ' aw khams wa- thamanin sanah). Cf.
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 289. Note that from this point onward no chronological order
is maintained in the Dhayl.
267. Of the Qurashi clan Band Makhzdm . See Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 79;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 276; idem, Tabagat, 20; In Qudamah, 388. On his
political role in Umayyad times, see also al-Baladhuri, Ansab, IVa, 213-15, 221-
22, V, 351-52.
6o Biographies
`Amr was twelve years old when the Prophet died. According to
Abu Nu`aym al-Fadl b. Dukayn, `Amr b. Hurayth died in al-Kufah
in the year 85/704, during the caliphate of `Abd al-Malik b.
Marwan.
268. The Prophet's paternal cousin, brother of `Ali. See "`Akil b. Abi Talib," EI2,
I, 337 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 27; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 301,
365, III (Duri), 296; Ibn Qudamah, 112.
269. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1, 29.
270. Cf. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1, 29; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, I, 218-19.
271. That is, among the prisoners.
272. The strip of land along the west and south coasts of Arabia, see "Tihama,"
EII, VIII, 763-65 (A. Grohmann).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 61
286. The text as a rule uses terms of blessing after the names of the Prophet and
the Companions, which I omit in the translation. Here the custom is reversed. On
the traditional Muslim attitude toward the Umayyads, see Hawting, First
Dynasty, 11-2o.
287. Of the Prophet's clan. See In Hibban, Mashahir, 63; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I,
440, III (Duri), 297; Ibn Qudamah , too-1.
288. See p. 19, above.
289. See Gil'adi. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1935.
290. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1, 39.
291. Maternal cousin of the third caliph, 'Uthman, and governor of al-Basrah on
his behalf; see "`Abdallah b. Amir," EI2, I, 43 (H. A. R. Gibb).
292. A member of the Prophet 's clan. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 246;
idem, Tabagat, 7; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 24-25, 295-96; Ibn Qudamah,
103-4.
64 Biographies
293. Abu Lahab b. `Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet, was one of his
fiercest enemies. See Rubin, "Abu Lahab." On `Utbah, see al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I,
131, 401; In Qudamah, 143.
294. In Sa`d, IV/I, 41-42.
295. A valley near `Arafat, to the east of Mecca; see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-bulddn,
III, 657.
296. According to the Muslim tradition, a prayer uttered in this particular place
is bound to be answered. There is, however, a view placing the multazam at the
rear of the Ka'bah, see al-Azragi, I, 246-49.
297. See p. 25, above.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 65
298. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 30; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 65, 216; idem,
Tabagat, 6 -7; Ibn Hanbal, Facia'il, 834-37; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 470-76.
299. The identity of the first Muslim became a point of debate among the
Muslims. According to Sunni Islam , the first to have believed in the Prophet was
Abu Bakr, a merit that, among others, made him worthy of the caliphate . Accord-
ing to the Shi'ah, however, the first Muslim was 'Ali. A neutral view places this
merit with Zayd b. Harithah, whose descendants had nothing to do with the
contention for power.
300. Ibn Sa'd, IV/1 , 46. Shortly before his death the Prophet prepared an expedi-
tion against the Byzantines, appointing the young Usamah as commander, to
avenge the death of his father, Zayd, killed in Mu 'tah. The Prophet died, and Abu
Bakr dispatched the army in spite of loud protests from Muslims objecting to
Usamah because of his young age. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1796-97, 1845-48.
301. The fertile valley to the north of Medina ; see "Wadi al-Kura," EII, VIII,
1077-78 (A. Grohmann).
302. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 5 3; Khalifah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh, 186; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 477-78, III (Duri), 21. Al-Sadr, 30, says that he was 'Ali's appointee over
the treasury of al-Kufah and the first Shi'i to compile a collection of traditions and
legal issues.
66 Biographies
Salman al-Farisi.303
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
The Ditch was the first military action in which Salman took
part.
[2345] According to Ja`far b. Sulayman-Hisham b. Hassan-al-Hasan:
Salman's pension (`ata') was 5,000 [dirhams a year], and he was
appointed over 30,000 men. He used to collect firewood clad in a
cloak, half of which he used for covering himself, whereas the
other half he spread.
Each time his pension was due he did not take it and lived off his
own handwoven palm leaves.304
According to Ibn `Umar: Salman al-Farisi died during the calip-
hate of `Uthman b. `Affan.
303. A famous Companion, see "Salman al-Farisi," Eh, IV, 116-17 (G. Levi
Della Vida); Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 76; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 173; idem,
Tabaqat, 7. He is credited with having suggested to the Prophet the digging of the
Ditch for defense against the besieging Quraysh in the year 5/627.
304. Ya'kulu min safif yadihi, literally, "he ate from the plait of palm leaves of
his hand." The parallel text adduced by de Goeje from Ibn al-Athir's Usd al-ghabah
has wa-akala min kasb yadihi kana yasuffu a1-kh0s, "he ate from the earnings of
his hand; he wove palm leaves." See also Ibn Sa'd, IV/r, 62.
305. A member of the Qurashi clan Asad b. `Abd al-`Uzza. He was a nephew of
Khadijah, the Prophet's wife, and an early convert. See al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 202;
In Qudamah, 274.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 67
313. Cousin of al-Walid and brother of Abu Jahl. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 68-69;
Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, X, 94-96.
314. Cousin of al-Walid, apparently of the Meccans who were converted after
the Muslim conquest of their city. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 47.
315. Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, X, 95. In al-Bukhari's Sahib, II, 202 (jihad, 9) the
verse is attributed to the Prophet, who was wounded in a battle. I thank Prof.
Yohanan Friedmann for this reference.
316. That is, the Prophet's wife. She belonged to the same clan as al-Walid.
317. Qur'an, 5o: 18. The Prophet's objection is raised by the pre-Islamic (jahili)
style of the lament.
318. Of the Qurashi clan `Amirb. Lu'ayy; see Ibn Hazm, famharat, 17 1. He was an
early convert, and the Prophet often appointed him as deputy in Medina when he left
on raids. See, e.g., al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 310-11 andpassim; Ibn Qudamah, 488-89.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 69
323. Abu Dharr, considered one of the first ascetics in Islam, expresses here the
negative attitude toward government as such, because of the corruption often
involved in it. See Goitein, "Attitudes"; Kister, "Social Concepts"; `Athamina,
"`Ulama'." As for Abu Hurayrah, he was accused of corruption by the caliph
`Umar, the present account notwithstanding; see al-Baladhuri, Futnh, 82.
324. Ibn Sa`d, IV/i, 169.
325. Al- Rababhah is an Islamic town about 20o kilometers southeast of Medina;
see al-Rashid, Al-Rabadha. Abu Dharr, who lived in Syria, was exiled to this place
because the governor, Mu`awiyah, had had complaints against him. See al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, I, 2858-62, 2895-97.
326. A part of the decendants of this Amir, including Buraydah's clan, the
Aslam, formed the large tribal confederation called Khuza`ah, the genealogy of
which is confused. On Buraydah see Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, zoo-i; al-A`zami,
Kuttab, 47; Ibn Sa`d, VII/1, 3-4, VII/2, 99-100; Khalifah b. Khayyat Ta'rikh, 246.
327. A place near Medina, see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, III, 817-18.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 71
was converted with those who were with him, numbering about
eighty families. The Prophet said the evening prayer, and they
prayed standing behind him.
According to [Ibn `Umar]-Hashim b. `Asim al-Aslami-al-
Mundhir b. Jahm: That night, the Prophet taught Buraydah a part
of surat Maryam. After [the battles of] Badr and Uhud Buraydah
went to the Prophet in Medina and learned the rest of it. He be-
came a resident of Medina, stayed with the Prophet, and partici-
pated in the raids from that point onward 328
After the Prophet's death Buraydah remained in Medina until
[the area of ] al-Basrah was conquered and a garrison was estab-
lished there.329 He moved to al-Basrah, took possession of a piece
of land, [and built a house (ddr) there]. He then left for Khurasan,
to participate in raids there. He died in Merv during the rule of
Yazid b. Mu`awiyah, and his offspring stayed there.
Aws b. Qayzi b. `Amr b. Zayd b. Jusham b. I;Iarithah and his two [2350]
sons, Kabathah and `Abdallah, sons of Aws 331
They took part in [the battle of ] Ulhud.332
`Arabah b. Aws b. Qayzi came with them on the day of Ulhud,
328. Buraydah was appointed to several tasks by the Prophet; see, e.g., al-
Wagidi, 404-5, 410.
329. "Basra," EI2, I, 1085-86 (Ch. Pellat); al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2377. See also
Donner, "Tribal Settlement "; al-`Ali, al-Tanzimat a1-ijtima`iyyah.
330. A member of the `Udhrah, a part of the great tribe Kalb. On Dihyah, see
recently S. Bashear, "Mission "; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 94; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I,
377, 531.
331. Of the I;Iarithah clan, of the Aws (Ansar(, see In Hajar, Isabah, I, 87.
332. They were, however, among those who ran away. See al-Baladhuri, Ansab,
I, 326.
72 Biographies
but he was considered too young [to fight] and was sent back.333
`Arabah is the one about whom al-Shammakh b. Dirar334 says:
If you carry my saddle and bring me to `Arabah,
then choke with your aorta's blood 335
`Uthman b. Hunayf b. Wahib b. `Ukaym b. Tha'labah b. al-
Harith b. Majda'ah b. `Amr b. Hanash b. `Awf b. `Amr b. `Awf.336
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
`Uthman was sent by `Umar b. al-Khattab to supervise the sur-
vey of the land of Iraq [for the assessment of taxes].337 [Later] he
acted as governor of al-Basrah for `Ali [b. Abi Talib], when the oath
of allegiance was taken on the latter's behalf.338
[Uthman b. Hunayf ] died in al-Basrah during the caliphate of
Mu`awiyah.
His family was the leading one among the Banu al-Dil, and his
father, Mu`awiyah, was the chief of the Ban-11 al-Dil in the battle of
al-Fijar.341 Ta'abbata Sharran342 said about him:
No, by [the life of ] her father, we did not alight at `Amir's 123511
or by Amir's or by Nawfal the Nufathi343
[Nawfal's] son, Salma b. Nawfal, was the most generous among
the Arabs. The Ja`fari poet said about him:
We select chiefs who are not leaders at all;
nay, the praiseworthy chief is Salma b. Nawfal.344
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Abu Bakr b.
`Abdallah b. Abi Sabrah-Juthah b. Ubayd al-Dili: Nawfal b.
Mu`awiyah al-Dili lived sixty years during the Jahiliyyah and sixty
years during Islam. He participated with the idolators of the
Quraysh in [the battles of ] Badr, Ulhud, and the Ditch, where he
was harmful [to the Muslims], acquiring fame thereby. He later
embraced Islam and took part in the conquest of Mecca, [the battle
of ] Hunayn, and [the siege of ] al-Ta'if on the Prophet's side.
Nawfal settled in Medina with the Banu al-Dil. He transmitted
[traditions] from the Prophet.
Nawfal died in Medina during the caliphate of Yazid b.
Mu`awiyah, may God curse them both 345
348. These verses, as well as the one on p. 72, above, are part of a poem, for
which see al-Shammakh, 96-97. See also Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 341; al-Baladhuri,
Ansdb, I, 277; Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahan, VIII, 1o2; al-Mubarrad, 75, 396. Here the
phrase "right hand" is explained as "powerfully."
349. Cousin of the Prophet. See al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, III (Duri), 24, 55-65;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 173, 182, 214.
350. This occurred in the year 40/660, during the attempt of Mu`awiyah' s gener-
al Busr to seize the Hijaz and the Yemen from 'Ali's men. `Ubaydallah was gover-
nor of the Yemen for `Ali; see al-Tabari Ta'rikh, I, 3451-52.
3 51. These are in fact conflicting versions as to who conducted the pilgrimage in
the year 39/660. According to one of them, it was `Ubydallah b. `Abbas. According
to the other, Mu`awiyah, contending with `Ali for power, sent a representative of
his own to perform this task. The latter, however, was not accepted, so a com-
promise was reached, under which a neutral person (Shaybah b. `Uthman( con-
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 75
ducted the pilgrimage. See al-Tabari, Ta'rzkh, I, 2448. On Shaybah b. `Uthman, see
Ibn Sa'd, V, 331; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, IV, 329-30. Cf. also note 371, below.
352. For conflicting accounts of `Ubaydallah's role in the relations between al-
Hasan and Mu'awiyah, see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 1-2; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Ma-
hmUdi), 33-34, 37-38.
3 5 3. He worked in the service of `Ali b. Abi Talib. See "Kutham b. al-`Abbas,"
E12, V, 551 (C. E. Bosworth); al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (DUri), 65-66.
354 Said was governor of Khurasan. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 177-80; In
Manzur, Mukhtasar, IX, 334-36; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 240; Muhammad
Ibn Habib, Mughtalin, 165-68.
355. A fifth (khums) of all booty is said to belong to God, to be used for special
purposes . See Ben Shemesh, I, 23-24, II, 51-53, 1, 51-55-
3 5 6. See the list of those who resembled the Prophet in Muhammad Ibn Habib,
Muhabbar, 46-47; and also Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 6o, 69, 70, 73.
357. Al -Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 22, 66 ( on Ma'bad), 6o (on Kathir, who was a
scholar).
358. An oasis near Medina; see Yaqut, Mujam al-buldan, N, 1038-39.
359. He worked in the service of `Ali b. Abi Talib. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 185; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (DUri), 60; al-Tabari, Ta'rfkh, I, 3107.
76 Biographies
He was one of the most violent men of his time. He was the
youngest of his father's sons.
360. Of the Qurashi clan Banu Asad b. `Abd al-`Uzza. See Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir,
63; Khalifah b. Khayyat Ta'rikh, 230; idem, Tabagat, 14; Ibn Qudamah, 277.
361. Aunt of the Prophet, famous for a dream in which she foresaw the battle of
Badr. See Ibn Hisham, II, 258-59; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Munammaq, 337-38, see
also 33, 50; In Hajar, Isabah, IV, 357-58.
362. A member of the powerful Qurashi clan the Banu `Abd Shams and notori-
ous for his stupidity . See al -Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 82; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 256.
363. A member of the Qurashi clan the Banu `Abd Shams. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 172; idem, Tabagat, 12; Ibn Qudamah, 217-18.
364. Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 63; In Qudamah, 235; al-Zubayri, 92. He belonged
to the Qurashi clan the Banu al-Muttalib b. `Abd Manaf; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
72-74. The next five biographies are of people of the same clan.
365. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 233.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 77
Abu Nabigah370
His name was `Abdallah b. `Algamah b. al-Muttalib b. Abd
Mang.
366. He served the Prophet as a scribe . See al-A`zami, Kuttdb, 51-52; Ibn
Qudamah, 237.
367. He lived in Medina and fulfilled certain functions there for al -Hajjaj b.
Yusuf. See In Hibban, Mashdhir, 114; Khalifah b. Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 294; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 374.
368. Ibn Hibban, Mashdhu, 61; Khalifah b. Khayyax, Tabagat, 9; Ibn Qudamah,
234; al-Zubayri, 95-96.
369. In Iiajar, Isdbah, II, 466; Ibn Qudamah, 235.
370. In Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 196; Ibn Qudimah, 237-38.
371. A member of the Qurashi clan Asad b. `Abd al-`Uzza. According to al-
Zubayr b . Bakkir, he was accepted as neutral leader during the war between All
and Mu'iwiyah; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, I, 42.
372. Al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 357-58; Ibn Qudamah, 219. See also p. coo, above
(biography of Zaynab).
78 Biographies
373 Arabic nar signifies both "fire" and "hell," so the sentence means that only
God, Who controls [heaven and] hell, may exact punishment by fire. As a rule, the
Muslims refrained from executions by fire. Cf. al-Baladhuri, Futuh, 107.
374. Cf. al-Wagidi, 857.
375 Al-islam yajubbu ma kana qablahu, a hadith reflecting the tolerance of
Islam toward former enemies who repented. Even the false prophet Tulaylhah, who
embraced Islam after his defeat in the apostasy wars, was forgiven and considered a
good Muslim and eventually a shahid. On him, see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 234. See
the hadith in Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, IV, 199.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 79
one; the Prophet heard about his forbearance in the face of harass-
ment and said [to him] "0 Habbar, curse those who curse you."
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Hisham b. `Umarah-
Sa`id b. Muhammad b. Jubayr b. Mut`im-his father-his grand-
father: I was sitting with the Prophet in his mosque, among [oth-
ers of ] his Companions, on his return from Ji`ranah376 when Hab-
bar b. al-Aswad appeared at the Prophet's door. The people saw
him and said "0 Messenger of God, here is Habbar b. al-Aswad."
The Prophet said "I saw him." Someone wanted to go up to him,
but the Prophet motioned him to sit down. Habbar then [ap-
proached until he] stood very close to the Prophet and said: "0
Messenger of God, peace be with you. I testify that there is no God
but Allah, and I testify that you are the messenger of God. I had
roamed the country, fleeing from you; I had wanted to join the
non-Arabs, but then I remembered you and your kindness, your [2356]
virtue, your compassion, and your forbearance to those who act
impetuously toward you. 0 Messenger of God, we have been idol-
ators, but God has led us to the right path through you and saved
us from damnation. Forgive my impetuous ways and whatever
you heard about me, for I admit my wickedness and confess my
sin." The Prophet said: "I forgive you, for Allah treated you benev-
olently by showing you the way to Islam. [Conversion to] Islam
nullifies whatever was [committed] before it."
376. A place io miles from Mecca where the Prophet assembled the spoils from
the battle of Hunayn for distribution in the year 8/630. See al-Wagidi, 939-49;
Wellhausen, Muhammad, 373-81; Ibn Hisham, IV, 130-43; Guillaume , 592-97.
377. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 43 , 19q. He was of the Tamimi clan Usayyid,
which had a special status in Mecca in pre -Islamic times . See Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat,
2io; Kister, "On Strangers and Allies," i2o-26. On the large, powerful confedera-
tion of Tamim (of northern origin, see Kister , " Mecca and Tamim "; "Tamim,"
Eh, N, 643- 46 Levi Della Vida; Caskel, II, 7-10.
8o Biographies
378. Being the son of Khadijah from her first marriage, Hind was half-brother of
Fatimah, daughter of the Prophet and mother of al-Hasan. See the genealogical
table 2, p. xxix.
379 $a1awat allah 'alayha, a formula used specifically after mention of the
Prophet 's name. As a rule, other formulas are used after mention of members of the
Prophet's family, such as "peace be upon him/her" or "may God be pleased with
him/her." See Robson; Ibn al-`Arabi.
380. A member of the Qurashi clan Makhzum and one of the Prophet's tax
collectors. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 62, 84; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 529; al-
Razi, 145-46; In Qudamah, 372-73.
381. Muhammad In Habib, Mullabbar, 137; Ibn Qudamah, 370.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 8i
382. Al-Aswad al-'Ansi posed as a prophet in the Yemen some time before
Muhammad's death . The Prophet succeeded in having him killed . See "Aswad
al 'Ansi," E12, I, 728 (W . M. Watt); al-Kalai, 213-15; In Hubaysh , 124-25.
383. A member of the Qurashi clan Jumah ; see Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 56; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 304 - 5, 362-63; Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, 24; Ibn
Qudamah, 452-54.
384. A statesman and general of the Qurashi clan the Banu `Amir b. Lu'ayy. See
"`Abdallah b. Sa'd," EP, I, 51-52 ( C. H. Becker); Ibn IIibban, Mashdhir, 9o; al-
Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 358; Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 64, 13-3 5, 157; al-A`zami,
Kuttab, 83-89.
82 Biographies
385. "Akra` b. Habis," EI2, I, 343 ( M. J. Kister). He was a tribal chief of the
Tamimi clan Mujashi; see Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 230-31.
386. Although the text so implies, there was no connection between the par-
ticipation of al-Agra ` in the delegation and his receiving the gift; see Landau-
Tasseron, "Processes." On the Prophet's gifts to tribal leaders after the battle of
Hunayn and the Sulami al-`Abbas b. Mirdas' protest against receiving only four
camels, see al -Wagidi, 946-47.
387. Of the Mujashi`; see Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 69-70. He was famous for his
objection to the pre-Islamic custom of burying alive female babies; see, e.g., Abu al-
Faraj al-Isfahani, XIX, 2-3.
388. A famous poet who flourished in the Umayyad period; see "al-Farazdak,"
EI2, II, 788-89 (R. Blachere).
389. A companion of the Umayyad caliphs Hisham and al-Walid II. See al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, VI, 228; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XVII, 91-93; al-Tabari, Ta'r-
ikh, I, 1730, 1755-56, 1820.
390. A tribal chief of the Tamimi clan the Bahdalah. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
219, 466; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 53o; Landau-Tasseron, "Processes," 254.
391. See Kister, "I11a bihaggihi"; Bashear, "Zakat"; Shoufani, Al-Riddah.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 83
392. A member of the Tamimi clan the Yarbu`. See Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 224-
28; "Malik b. Nuwayra," EI2, VI, 267-69 (E. Landau-Tasseron).
393 Cf . al-Wagidi, 973, where the tax collectors are said to have been sent on
the emergence of the new moon in the year 9/630. Al-Wagidi's sources here are
different, and Malik b. Nuwayrah is not included in this list. These two lists, both
quoted on the authority of al-Waqidi, can also be found in In Sa 'd, R/ I, I15; Ibn
Hubaysh, 23-24; al-Kala'i, 43, and others. For yet other lists, see Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 63; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 529-30; al-Ya`qubi, II, 122; Ibn His-
ham, IV, 246; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1750; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 225-
28; and also Shoufani , Al-Riddah, 96.
394 That is, "the one who frightens [the camels away]," referring to the story
that he scattered the sadagah camels ]and gave them back to those who had paid
them). Jaful, however, also means "hairy."
395 A member of the Ja`far b. Kilab from the `Amir b. $a`s`ah tribe. See Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 284-87; "Labid b. Rabl'a," E12, V, 583-84 [C. Brockelmann).
396. This is al-Wagidi 's version; other scholars call her Ramlah bt. al-Harith.
Her house is mentioned in the Sirah and elsewhere as a lodging. See Ibn Hajar,
Isdbah, IV, 305; al-Wagidi, 192, 975, 988; Ibn Sa'd, VIII, 327; Ibn Hubaysh, 122.
397. See p. ooo, above.
398. The parallel text in Ibn Sa'd could not be traced.
84 Biographies
404. The clan's name is Bann al-Mukhtalis, the larger group being the Nabhan;
see Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 403-4. Zayd was a poet and tribal chief in pre-Islamic
times; see Landau-Tasseron, "Tayyi'," 57.
405. An ancient Arab people from southern Arabia, incorporated by Arab
genealogists into the tribal scheme as a son of Saba' (ancient Sheba). See "Himyar,"
Ell, II, 310-12 (J. H. Mordtmann); Ibn IIazm, Jamharat, 432; Caskel, II, 66-73.
406. Theoretically all Arab tribes had male eponyms. When it was obvious that
a tribe's name had been otherwise coined , a story was adduced by the genealogists
to explain it.
407. A mountain or, according to another version, a watering place in the terri-
tory of Tayyi', see Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, III, 871.
408. On Zayd's children and their role in the apostasy wars, see Landau-
Tasseron, "Tayyi'," 57-59.
86 Biographies
409. Quss al-Natif is another name for the battle of the Bridge in Iraq in the year
13/634 or 14/635. See Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 191-92; al-Baladhuri,
Futuh, 251-52; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2174-83. Mihran is another name for the
battle of Nukhaylah in Iraq, which took place before al-Qadisiyyah, but cf. the
biography of 'Adi b. Hatim, below, where the two names seem to refer to two
disparate events; Nukhaylah is also known as al-Buwayb. See al-Baladhuri, ibid.,
253-55; Donner, ibid., 198.
41o. A tribal leader who embraced Islam and was appointed tax collector by the
Prophet. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 75; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 68-69; al-
pabbi, 23-25. The clan's name was Banu Thu`al. See also Landau-Tasseron, "Tay-
Yi' " 53-56, 59-60.
411. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2221, where he is said to have been the com-
mander of the Tayyi'.
412. A town in Iraq, the site of `Ali's victory over the Khawarij who rebelled
against him in the year 37/658; see Welihausen, Arab Kingdom, 84-86.
413. Leader of a successful pro-`Alid revolt. He ruled al-Kufah in 66-67/685-87;
see "al-Mukhtar," E12, VII, 521-24 (G. R. Hawting).
414. A member of the Banu Thu`al, he is considered to be one of the mu`am-
mari n, those who lived more than 120 years. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 16, and also
"Mu'ammar," E12, VII, 258 (G. H. A. Juynboll).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 87
He was the best archer among the Arabs, and [the poet] Imru' al-
Qays415 said about him:
How many archers of the Banu Thu'al
draw their hands out of the hiding place?
Wabarah b. al-Jahdar al-Ma`n! of the Banu Daghsh said:416
The raven pushed-I wished that it did not-
causing me and Salma and Umm al-Hawshab to part.417
I wished that the core of that raven's heart
by `Amr's perfectly made arrows was shot.
`Amr b. al-Musabbih lived 150 years. He lived to the Prophet's
time, went to see him, and embraced Islam.
415. See "Imru ' al-Kays b. Hudjr," EI2, III, 1177 -78 (S. Boustany) ; Tuetey. The
verses are in al-Sandnbi, Sharlh dlwan Imri ' al-Qays, 86 , and Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab
ma'add, 2 39, from which apparently al-Tabari quoted it; cf. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III,
16 (wa-gala Ibn al-KalbI thumma al - Tabarf... (
416. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add; Ibn Manznr, Lisan, I, 743 s.v. l.gh.b (both
variants omitting the obscure part about Umm al-Hawshab). In Ibn al -Kalbi, 236,
the poet is called Wabarah b. Salamah and the family the Banu Da's of the Ta'i clan
Ma'n. Note Jahdam/Qahdham in Ibn al-Kalb! (apparently corresponding to our
text's Ja1 dar).
417. The raven is the symbol of separation from the beloved in ancient Arabic
poetry. Salma is obviously the beloved 's name. I could not find out what Umm al-
IIawshab refers to.
418. Of the Bann Jabalah of Kindah ; see Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 139. Al-
Ash'ath was an important leader both in pre-Islamic and Islamic times. He served
`Uthman as a governor and `Ali as a general and played a crucial role in Kufan
politics. See "al -Ash`ath b . Kays," El', I, 696-97 (H. Reckendorf); Crone, Slaves,
110-11 ; Lecker, "Kinda"; idem, "Judaism Among Kinda "; Khalifah b . Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 129, 149,1175-77; Ibn Hibban, Mashahlr, 78.
88 Biographies
[2363] Al-Ash'ath went to see the Prophet with seventy [other ] riders
from Kindah. He later took part in the wars of apostasy (riddah),
was taken prisoner, and was sent to Abu Bakr.419 He repented and
remained to live in Medina until `Umar b. al-Khattab, during his
caliphate, urged the people to participate in the military expedi-
tions to Iraq.420 Al-Ash'ath joined [a regiment] under [the com-
mand of] Sa'd b. Abi Waggas and took part in the battles of
Qadisiyyah, Mada' in, Jalula', and Nih5wand.421 He chose for him-
self a piece of land in al-Kufah when the Muslims founded the
garrison, built a house (dar) among [the other members of] the
Kindah, and lived there until his death.
Al-Ash`ath was present at the Arbitration (talhkim al-
liakamayn).422 `Ali wanted to appoint `Abdallah b. al-`Abbas as
arbiter to confront `Amr b. al-`AS,423 but al- Ash'ath b. Qays re-
fused [to accept this], saying: "This case should not be judged by
two Mudaris! One of the arbitrators must be a Yemeni. "424 So `Ali
appointed Abu Musa al-Ash`ari, and al-Ash'ath was one of the
witnesses to the document [of arbitration].
419. On the apostasy of the Kindah after the Prophet's death and al-Ash'ath's
leading role, see Ibn I;Iubaysh, 131-41; al-Kala`i, 222-42; Lecker, "Kinda"; Lecker,
"Judaism."
420. The former apostates were not allowed to take part in the conquests until a
shortage of manpower was felt, during Umar's caliphate ; see Landau-Tasseron, "F.
McG. Donner," 506-8. In addition, the Muslims were reluctant to raid Iraq, where
they had suffered setbacks in the beginning ; see al-Baladhuri, Futulh (Beirut), 252-
53.
421. Al-Mada 'in (Ctesiphon ) in Iraq, Jalula' and Nihawand in Persia were Sasa-
nian cities and sites of battles during the Muslim conquests. See Donner, Early
Islamic Conquests, 209-10; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2431-44, 2457-74, 2596-2637;
al-Baladhuri, Futnh, 262-65, 302-7.
422. The battle of Siffin between `Ali and Mu'awiyah (37/657) ended with an
agreement to arbitration; see Hinds, " Siffin Agreement."
423. `Amr, Mu`awiyah's appointee, was known as an exceptionally shrewd per-
son (dahiyah).
424. The Mudar (the "northern" tribes) and the Yemen (the "southern" tribes)
were in fact the two rival factions that dominated the political life of the Umayyad
period. It should be noted that in the tribal context the designations "southerners"
and "northerners" are not geographical but genealogical terms. The names Qays
and Kalb are also used to denote these factions . See Crone, Slaves; Landau-
Tasseron, "Waning of the Umayyads."
425. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 141; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 104.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 89
433 The clan is Banu al-Harith al-Walladah of the Kindah. `Abdallah's original
name was Shaytan, "devil," changed by the Prophet, seep. 5 3, above; Ibn al-Kalbi,
Nasab ma`add, 172.
434. Opinions differ as to the identity of al-Jafshish. I could not, however, find
an explanation of the nickname. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 240-41. My search in the
direction of south Arabian yielded no results either. See also Lecker, "Kinda."
435 Several tribal groups attempted to establish their kinship with the
Quraysh, the ruling tribe, either through the Prophet himself or otherwise. See E.
Landau-Tasseron, "Asad," 13; idem, "Murra."
436. These verses are variously attributed to several poets. They reflect the
reluctance of many Arab tribes to submit to the hegemony of Medina after the
Prophet's death, in the so-called apostasy period. See p. 82, above. For these verses,
see al-Hutay'ah, 329-30; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1875-76; Ibn `Asakir, Tahdhib, VII,
96; Ibn Hubaysh, 15, 133; al-Kala'i, 37, 227; Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, II, 286-87
(s.v. "IHadramawt"); Ibn A`tham, I, 49; see also Kister, "Illa bi-haggihi'," 35. The
second verse mockingly refers to the kunyah "Abu Bakr," literally, "father of the
young camel"; c.f. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1890. See also Muhammad In Habib,
Muhabbar, 185, where a Kindi woman by the name of Umm Madan is listed
among those who rejoiced in the Prophet's death, together with Malkah, daughter
of Amanah.
437. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 173. The composer of the verses, however, is
here Abu Hunayy Masruq b. Ma`& Karib.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 91
withheld the legal alms from [the tax collector] Ziyad b. Labid and
joined those who apostatized.438
and said that the idea was foolish. `Amr b. Ma'di Karib rode to
Medina leading ten of his fellow tribesmen, embraced Islam, and
returned to his [tribe's] territory.442
442. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1732-34 , for a similar version. The chain of au-
thorities is different.
443 Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 80; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 74-75, 134; Ibn
al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 335
444. A clan of the Murad; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 476-77. The tribal leaders
received the pensions (`ata') on behalf of their people and were responsible for
distributing them individually. Sometimes people were listed with clans other
than their own for the purpose of receiving pensions.
445. Of the Khuza'ah confederation. See In Hibban, Mashahir, 94; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 107, 136; idem, Ta'rikh, 176, 197; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, Wa,
236-37; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 292, 490; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim.
446. The reference is to the murder of the third caliph, `Uthman, in the year
35/656, see Kennedy, 69-75.
447. He was killed in retaliation for the murder of `Uthman. Ibn Umm al-
Hakam, `Abd al-Rahman b. `Abdallah b. `Uthman al-Thagafi, was Mu`awiyah's
governor of Mosul ; see al-Tabari , Ta'rikh, II, 127-28.
448. Cf. Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 292; al-Suyuti, Wasa'il, 81; Ibn
Qutaybah, Awa'il, 41.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 93
449. The clan' s name is Bann `Abd Nuhm, it was of the Khuza 'ah confederation.
See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat , 236; Ibn al-Kalbl, Nasab ma'add, 444 . Kurz was the one
who went after the Prophet when the latter emigrated but miraculously lost track
of him; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 291.
450. Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 236 , and see p. 42, above. Marwan was Mu`awiyah's
governor in Mecca.
451. The clan was the Banu `Adi of the Khuza ` ah confederation; see Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 239. Al-Haysuman is known as the one who brought the Quraysh the
bad news of their defeat at Badr ; see also al-Baladhurl , Ansab, I, 294; Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, I, 366, quoting, among others, al-Tabarl (Ta'rikh, I, 1338; Ibn al-Kalbi,
Nasab ma'add, 454
452. This phrase usually denotes people whose sincerity was doubtful, e.g.,
people who had apostatized then embraced Islam again.
453. The clan was the Banu Tha'labah b. `Amir of the Azd, one of the most
important southern tribal confederations in Umayyad times. Mikhnaf was one of
the main leaders . He served `All as governor of Isfahan and as a general in the battle
of Siffln . See Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 482; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 377; Khallfah
b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 113 ; Nasr b . Muzahim, 104-5, and passim; also "Azd ," EI2, I,
811-13 (G. Strenziok).
94 Biographies
Fayruz b. al-Daylami.456
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah. He belonged to the descendants
(abnd') of the Persians who had been sent by Khusraw to the Ye-
men, conquered it, and drove out the Abyssinians.457
According to `Abd al-Mun'im: They later traced their pedigree
to the Banu Dabbah,458 saying "We had been taken prisoner in pre-
Islamic times."459 `Abd al-Mun'im was mistaken in what he said,
for [the story] was like this: Dabbah b. Udd had three sons. One of
them assaulted another descendant of Dabbah and killed him. His
father wanted to kill him [in retaliation], so he ran away and set-
[2368] tled in the Daylam mountains,460 where he fathered several chil-
dren. His descendants claim even today that they have in their
possession his saddle and utensils.
Fayruz is the one who killed al-`Ansi, that is, al-Aswad b. Ka'b
al-Kadhdhab (the liar), who claimed to be a prophet in the Yemen.
The Prophet said "He was killed by the virtuous man Fayruz b. al-
Daylami."
461. In fact, the next chapters (up to p. 119 ) deal with members , allies, and
clients of Qurashi clans: the Banu Hashim, al-Muttalib, Nawfal, Asad, `Abd al-Dar,
Zuhrah, Taym b. Murrah, MakhzUm, `Adi b. Ka'b, Jumah and 'Amir b. Lu'ayy.
462. That is, the Prophet' s clan.
463. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 28; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri ), 23-26; Khalifah
b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 87-88; idem, Tabaqat, 4.
464. `Amwas, ancient Emmaus in Palestine, was the site of a Muslim military
camp during the conquests . Many fell victim there to the plague of the year 18/639.
See "'Amwas," E12, I, 460-61 (Sourdel-Thomine); Conrad, "Plague," chap. 5.
465. That is, the second civil war, see pp. 51-52, above.
96 Biographies
466. The reference is to the second civil war (fitnah). In the confusion after the
death of Yazid b. Mu`awiyah (64/683) people in the provinces ousted their official
governors and chose others in their place. See al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 132, 188
(read bi-babbah instead of baynahu), 190, 273; Ibn Hazm, Iamharat, 70; Ibn I;Iib-
ban, Mashdhir, r i i .
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 97
but in God." And when the muezzin reached the [line] "Come and
be saved" the Prophet would say "There is neither might nor
power but in God. "467
According to Hilal b. al-`Ala' al-RaggI-Hafs b. `Umar Abu [2370]
Umar al-I;Iawdi-Hammam-Layth-`Algamah b. Marthad-
`Abdallah b. al-Iiarith-his father: The Prophet taught us how to
say the prayer over the dead: "0 God, forgive our living and our
dead; make peace between us and bring our hearts together. 0
God, this is your servant so-and-so son of so-and-so; we know
nothing but good [about him], [but] You know him better. Forgive
us, and forgive him." I was the youngest among the people [pre-
sent], and I asked: "What if I do not know good things [about
him]?" The Prophet replied: "Say only what you know."
figures in other prophetic traditions as well and served the propaganda of the
`Abbasid dynasty against the Shi`ah; see Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 100, 102,
107. The point that the people should love al-`Abbas also reflects the specific
struggle against the Shi`ah, for whom the love of All and his family was a central
feature of the creed.
469. See p. 61, above.
470. Or "in the same way."
471. See "`Arafa," E72, I, 604-5 (A. J. Wensinck, and H. A. R. Gibb).
472. Ibn Sa'd, IV/r, 62.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 99
474. Sadagah means charity, legal alms, and also property the fruits of which
are given away by the owner for charity or other good purposes. For the latter sense,
the term waqf is more common.
475 A southern clan; see Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 300-2; Ibn Hazm, Jam-
harat, 407-9.
476. Counted among the Companions, with no details. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II,
214.
477. Literally, "naked."
478. Zayd b. Bula, a black slave freed by the Prophet, see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I,
561.
479 Kannaz b. al-Husayn b. Yarbu`. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 8, 47; Ibn
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented ioi
Hibban, Mashahir, 39. The Ghani belonged to the northern Qays confederation.
See Caskel, II, 21-22; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 247-48; Ibn al-Kalbi, Jamharat, 463-
70.
480. This tradition must be part of the religious debate over the veneration of
the dead. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, 209-38.
481. Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabaqat, 8.
482. An event in which six deputies of the Prophet , sent to teach Islam to some
bedouin clans on their request, were murdered (3/625 ). See Ibn Hisham, III, 178-
85; al-Wagidi, 354-63; Guillaume, 426-29.
483. In Ilibban, Mashahir, 37-38.
484. Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630. See Ibn Hisham , IV, 97; al-
Waqidi, 915.
485. So was his son Marthad . See Mu 'arrij, 28-29; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 247; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 270.
102 Biographies
486. That is, endless , or leading to the wrong course; see Lane s.v. bkm.
487. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3153, where a similar saying is voiced by Abu
Musa al-Ash`ari . " Stretching the neck" is a metaphor for lending support; cf. al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 581. This and many other traditions in the same vein reflect
the great fear and aversion Islam felt toward disunity and hence toward opposition
to the government. In certain circles it was held that even the worst ruler was
better than none at all . See Kister, " Social Concepts "; " Fitna," EI2, II, 930-31 (L.
Garden; Lewis, Islam in History, chap. 6.
488. Of the Banu Nawfal, brother clan of Hashim and al-Mutalib; see al-
Zubayri, 197-205; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 32; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 9; Ibn
Qudamah, 239-40.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 103
489. Idolators are referred to as dirt and foul- smelling creatures; see Ibn Manzur,
Lisdn, XIII, 426-27.
490. Al-Zubayri, zoo; Ibn Qudamah, 240; Ibn Hisham, II, 20. The usual practice,
both in pre- Islamic and in the Prophet's times, was to free prisoners against a
ransom, unless the captor granted them their freedom as a special favor to them-
selves or to someone who interceded on their behalf.
491. That is, by granting him protection on his return from al-Ta'If. According
to another version, Mut`im was the one who instigated the anulling of the Qurashl
boycott of the Banu Hashim; see Ibn Hisham, II, 15-16.
492. Hassan, Diwan, I, 198-99; Ibn Hisham , II, 19-20.
493. Meaning "always." The talbiyah was the formula expressing devotion to
the gods in pre-Islamic times. Ihrdm was the state of consecration observed by
those who performed the pilgrimage to Mecca. Both rituals are also performed in
Islam with the necessary modifications . See "l:hram," E12, III, 1052- 53 (A. J. Wen-
sinck and J. Jomier); "Talbiya," EII, IV, 640 (A. J. Wensinck); Kister, "Labbayka."
494. Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 64; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 9; al-Zubayri,
204-5.
104 Biographies
49 5. The clan is the Banu Mazin b. Mansur, of the northern Qays confederation;
see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 260; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 66; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 95-98; idem, Tabagat, 10; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, tor; Ibn Sa`d, III/r, 69,
VII/r, 1-3.
496. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2377-88; see also Donner, "Tribal Settlement in
Basra."
497 Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2380. A tradition much more important than this
one is ascribed to `Utbah by al-Tabarani, i.e., the man kadhdhaba tradition, in
which the Prophet says "Whoever tells lies about me, let him seek for himself a
place in hell"; see Ibn Hajar. Isabah, II, 45 5. On this tradition, see Juynboll, Muslim
Tradition, 96-133.
498. The clan is the Banu al-'Adawiyyah of the great northern tribe of Tamim. It
is called after a female ancestor and includes the descendants of Zayd b. Malik
(Ya`la's ancestor) and those of two of his brothers; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 228-29.
On Ya'la, who served as governor and judge under the first three caliphs, then
joined `Ali, see Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 91, 158; idem, Tabagat, 45; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 58.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 105
499 The first child born among the Emigrants in Medina, a Companion of the
Prophet, and a close associate of his maternal aunt the Prophet 's wife 'A'ishah, on
whose side he fought against 'Ali. He established a rival caliphate in Mecca in 64-
73/683-92 and was eventually killed by the Syrian army dispatched by the caliph
'Abd al-Malik (these events were part of the second civil war , or fitnah). See
"'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr," EI2, I, 54-5 5 (H. A. R. Gibb); Hawting, First Dynasty, 46-
49; Rotter; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, V, 188-204; al-Kharbutali.
io6 Biographies
pregnant with him. His kunyahs were Abu Bakr and Abu
Khubayb.
507. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 15, 126; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 129.
508. Al-Dajjal, a figure parallel to the Antichrist, is the embodiment of evil in
Islamic eschatology. War against him is one of the Portents of the Hour; see "al-
Dadjdjal," E12, II, 76-77 ^A. Abel).
509. Cf. Ibn Qudamah, 290-91; Yusuf b. Yahya al-Sulami, 276-77.
510. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 16; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 52; Ibn Qudamah,
302-3.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 109
beat him with their shoes, other with sticks, still others with rods,
that is, green palm branches . The Prophet then took some earth
and threw it in the man's face.511
5117. The tribe's name is Hudhayl; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 197. Abdallah b.
Masud was a close Companion of the Prophet of humble bedouin origin. He held
important positions in the caliphates of `Umar and `Uthman and was known as one
of the greatest experts on the Qur'an and religious law. See "Ibn Mas`nd," E12, III,
873-75 (J.-C. Vadet); Jeffery, 20-24; Schacht, Origins, 231-33; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 16; Ibn Hanbal, Fada'il, 837-44; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 29; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 204-5, V, 36-38.
518. An important family from the Qurashi Zuhrah clan; see al-Zubayri, 265.
519. Of the Tamimi clan Sad b. Zayd Manah; see Ibn I Iazm, Jamharat, 215.On
Khabbab, see Kister, "On Strangers and Allies," 126-27; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 17; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 76; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 175-80.
520. That is, either as a family member or as a client ; freedmen became allies, or
clients, of their former masters. See Crone, Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law,
36-38.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented iii
Shurahbil b. Hasanah.s21
Hasanah was his mother, of the `Adul clan.522 His father was
`Abdallah b. al-Mutd, b. `Amr b. Kindah, an ally of the Banu
Zuhrah.
521. He was one of the Prophet's scribes and a commander during the conquests.
See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 41; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 214; al-A`zami, Kuttab, 72.
522. She was a client of a member of the Jumah; see Ibn Hazm , Jamharat, 162;
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 272. I could not trace the clan 'Adul.
523. A Qurashi clan; see Ibn Hazm Jamharat, 135-40.
524. That is, the first caliph, who was the Prophet's closest Companion and
father-in-law. See "Abu Bakr," EI2, I, 1o9-I1 (W. M. Watt ); Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 64-90; idem, Tabagat, 16-17; Ibn Hanbal, Fada'il, 65-106.
525 . An important general in Muhammad 's time and later, during the apostasy
wars and the beginning of the conquests. He was dismissed by the second caliph,
'Umar b. al-Khattab. He was nicknamed "the sword of God." "Khalid b. al-Walid,"
EI2, IV, 928-29 (P. Crone); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 19-20; Ibn Hanbal,
Fada'il, 813-17; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 56; rbn Qudamah, 345-49; al-A`zami, Kut-
tab, 60-62; Akram.
112 Biographies
526. Ibn I;Iibban, Mashdhir, 64; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 2o8-To; Ibn Qudamah,
375-76.
527. The clan is the Nahshal, from the Tamim tribe; see Ibn I;Iazm, famharat,
230; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 232.
528. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 229.
529. That is, the conquests.
530. See Motzki, 3.
531. That is, the Day of judgment.
532. Maternal cousin of the Prophet and an opponent of Islam until the year
8/630. See Ibn Qudamah, 373-74; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 145-46.
533. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 357-58.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 113
534. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 50; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 184, 294, 303; fbn
Qudamah, 383.
535. Qur'an 81:15-16, trans. Bell, II, 639.
114 Biographies
543. A formula often used when addressing the Prophet, indicating the speaker's
reverence toward him.
544 [Jr means at once a neighbor, a person who is given protection, and the one
who grants protection. See also note 55, above.
545. Qur'an 2:184.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 117
546. See Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muhabbar, 158-6o; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 273-75.
547. A Qurashi clan; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, r5o-59.
548. He was admired for his piety, honesty, and erudition in prophetic traditions
and customs . See "`Abdallah b. 'Umar," EI2, I, 53-54 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); Schacht,
Origins, 25; Ibn Qudamah, 406-8.
549. Ibn Qudamah, 419-20; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashahir, 30; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, io8, 112; idem, Tabaqat, 22.
118 Biographies
`Amir b. Mas`ud.550
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Muhammad b. `Umarah al-Asadi-'Ubaydallah b.
Musa -Isra'il-Abu Ishaq -an old man of the Quraysh by the
name of `Amir b . Masud-the Prophet : Fasting in winter is like
spoils easily acquired, for the nights are long and the days are
short.551
5 50. I was not able to trace an `Amin by this name (as al-Tabari 's rubric necessi-
tates). There is, however , a rather well-known Jumahi named `Amir b. Masud who
was elected governor by the Kufans at the beginning of the second civil war. See al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, Iva, 87, roo- r, V, 19o. The description here ( "an old man of the
Quraysh ") is not appropriate for such a figure. However , Ibn Hajar Isabah, II, 260,
Tahdhib, V, 70, ascribes to this Jumahi the same tradition recorded in the Dhayl.
See also Ibn Qudamah, 456. It is worthwhile noting that this tradition is not
recorded in Zaghlul 's Mawsu`at atraf a1-hadith.
55r. There is a play on words here: "spoils easily acquired " is in Arabic
ghanimah baridah, and the latter word's common meaning is "cold."
552. No heading is given in the text . The biographies following Nawfal's are of
people of the Layth and Ghifar clans. Both these and al-Dil, Nawfal's clan, be-
longed to the Kinanah tribe.
Ito Biographies
Fadalah al-Laythi.555
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to al-Masan b. Qaza`ah al-Bahili-Maslamah b.
`Algamah-Da'ud b. Abi Hind-Abu IHarb-`Abdallah b. Fada-
lah-his father: I went to the Prophet and embraced Islam; he
informed me about the prayer times, and I said "0 Messenger of
God, these are hours at short intervals, and I am a working man, so
give me a general guideline." The Prophet said "Do your best not
to neglect the two `asrs." I asked "What are the two `asrs, 0 Mes-
senger of God?" He replied "The prayer before dawn and the one
before sunset."556
553 Called Sulaym in Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 73. The tradition is recorded here
with the same isnad.
554 The issue raised here is the permissibility of transmitting paraphrased
traditions, a practice apparently common in the early days of Islam; in later times
transmission verbatim was required. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 186-87
(riwayah bi-al-ma`na vs. riwayah bi-al-lafz).
555 Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 30; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 2o8. Biographers
are confused about this obscure figure.
556. `Asrayn and `asran, both dual forms of `asr, literally meaning "the two
afternoon prayers," but the Arabic allows the combination of two different things
under a dual appellation, for example, al-`Umarani, which means not "the two
men named `Umar" but "Abu Bakr and `Umar." For the time of the prayers, see
Rubin, "Morning and Evening Prayers"; "Mikat," EI2, VII, 26-27 (A. J. Wensinck).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 121
557. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 8, 30, 127; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, II, 141-42.
5 5 8. A bedouin who threw in his lot with the Prophet as early as the year 2/624.
See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1311; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 33.
122 Biographies
God forgive the Ghifar and be in peace with the Aslam. 0 God,
curse Ri'l, Dhakwan, and `Usayyah."559 Khufaf said: This is why
the unbelievers were cursed.
559 The clan names Ghifar and Aslam originate in the roots gh-f-r and s-1-m,
denoting forgiveness and peace respectively. Ri`l, Dhakwan, and `Usayyah are
clans of the Sulaym tribe. On the last three see Lecker, Bann Sulaym, passim. They
were involved in the massacre of the Prophet's Companions at Bi'r Ma`unah in the
year 4/626; see Kister, "Expedition of Bi'r Ma`una."
560. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 32; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 68. He was of the
Ghifar clan; his brother al-Hakam was governor of Khurasan in the time of
Mu`awiyah. See also al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 79.
5 6 1. That is, another version.
S62. Al-Tabari, Ta'rfkh, I, 1682; Ibn Hisham, IV, 139. This is a political tradition
aimed against disunity, hence against disobedience to the rulers. See note 487,
above.
563. There is a confusion regarding his name and identity; see below, where he
is called `Abdah b. Hazn; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 434.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 123
Harmalah al-`Anbari.574
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
[2396] According to Ibn al-Muthanna-`Abd al-Rahman b. Mahdi-
Qurrah b. Khalid-Dirghamah b. Ulaybah b. Harmalah al-'An-
bari-his father-his [grand]father: I went to the Prophet together
with [other] delegates from the clan. [While we were there] he led
5 72. The difference is in the order of the words, which cannot be translated very
well into English . The greeting for the dead is `alayka al-salam, whereas the usual
greeting is al-salam `alayka. Cf. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, II, 26; Abu al-Layth al-
Samarqandi, fol. 34a-b.
573. That is, that which covers the lower part of the body.
574. Ilarmalah b. 'Abdallah b. Anas, a rather insignificant Companion of the
Tamimi clan Banu al-`Anbar; see Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 42. On the `An-
baris, see Landau-Tasseron, "Processes."
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 125
the morning prayer for us. I looked at the faces of the people and
hardly knew them, that is, because of the darkness.575
575. Ghalas means the darkness at the end of the night. This tradition is about
the correct time for the morning prayer.
576. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 39, 177.
S 77. As he is included in the chapter on Dabbah, he is probably not of the well-
known Muzaynah tribe but of the `Amr b . Udd, a brother tribe of Dabbah , known as
Muzaynah after their female ancestor. See Ibn I Iazm, Jamharat, 2or . `Abdallah was
an ally of the Qurashi clan Makhzum . His being the Prophet's Companion is
disputed; see Ibn IIajar, Isabah, II, 315-16.
5 78. That is, such behavior is characteristic of prophets and therefore commen-
dable. Other commendable traits or modes of behavior are characterized in the
same way. See Abu Da 'ud, Sunan , Kitab al-Adab, no. 3; Malik , al-Muwatta ', Kitab
a1-sha'ar, no. IT
579 Said to belong to the `Amin tribe the Banu `Ugayl but apparently known
only in connection with this tradition . See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 470; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 59; In Sa`d, VII/1, 41.
1 26 Biographies
5 89. One of the merits of the first caliph, Abu Bakr, which made him qualified to
rule (in the eyes of Sunni Islam), was his participation with the Prophet in the
Emigration. The Shi`i propaganda counterbalanced this argument with the claim
that `Ali remained in Mecca and joined the Prophet in Medina later for one of two
purposes (or both): to cover up, at peril of his own life, for the Prophet until he was
safely far from Mecca or to pay the Prophet's debts. In addition, the very expression
"`Ali belongs to my family and Ito his," was used in Shi`i propaganda to legitimize
the Shi'i claim to rule.
59o. This is a tradition legitimizing the Shi`i claim to power by making `Ali the
sole authorized transmitter of messages from the Prophet. The messages men-
tioned here refer to the Prophet's divine mission. Note that in his speech at the
Farewell Pilgrimage the Prophet asked the audience several times "hal bal-
laghtu?" that is, "have I effectively transmitted the divine message?"
591. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 55, 183; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 71.
592. Khalifah b. Khayyat Tabagat, 47, 289; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 413.
5 93 That is, on the same riding beast.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 129
forming the Hajj and the lesser pilgrimage (`umrah) together [on
that occasion].594
594. There was a debate about the permissibility of performing the Hajj and the
lesser pilgrimage (`umrah) together, see Rubin, "Great Pilgrimage." On the for-
mula labbayka, see p. 103, above.
595. A large confederation of northern origin . They dwelt in southern Iraq be-
fore Islam and professed Christianity, continuing to adhere to it after the Muslim
conquests. See Caskel, II, 27; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 303-7, 469.
596. The origin of such an entry would be a chain of transmission (isndd) run-
ning "I;Iarb b `Ubaydallah heard his maternal grandfather . . . " This grandfather is
ignored in most of my sources; Harb himself was a Kufan of the tribe of Thagif. See
Ibn Hibban, Thigat, IV, 172; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, II, 198.
597. Abu `Ubayd, 212.
598. See Ben Shemesh, I, 94-1103,111, 45-50, 54-57, for detailed sums of legal
alms, as well as debates on various types of property.
599. See the discussion on the permissibility of levying the tenth ('ushr) in Abu
Ubayd, 211-18; Ben Shemesh, I, 103-9, II, 78-83, III, 30. The Banu Taghlib who
remained Christians refused to pay the jizyah (poll tax taken from non-Muslims)
because it involved humiliation, whereas they were proud Arabs. A compromise
was reached according to which they paid a tenth of their property. See Abu
`Ubayd, 217; Ben Shemesh, I, 54-58; cf. van Arendonck, 143, 325-26 (appendixVI).
130 Biographies
600. By Aws b. Harithah the Medinan tribe is meant; it belonged to the great
southern confederation of the Azd.
601. See, e.g ., Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 7-8. About the permissibility of such
debates, see Goldziher, Muslim Studies , I, 95-96.
602. Sally Allah `alayhi; see note 379, above.
603. The last Jewish tribe in Medina, besieged by the Prophet in the year 5/627.
The men were executed, the women and children taken into slavery. See Kister,
"Massacre."
604. Not found in this fragment (Muntakhab min dhayl al-mudhayyal). See on
him EII, IV, 30 (K. V. Zettersteen); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 77; Ibn Hanbal,
Fada'il, 818-26.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 13 z
605. "God says" means "there is a verse in the Qur'an," but this particular
sentence is not in the Qur'an. According to De Goeje, this may be a paraphrase of
Qur'an 22:41.
6o6. An eminent Ansari killed in Medina by the caliph's army in the battle of al-
Harrah, one of the events of the second civil war (in the year 64/683). See "`Abd
Allah b. Hanzala," EI2, I, 45; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'r kh, 227-30; idem, Tabagat,
236-37.
132 Biographies
613. An eminent Companion who served as a general during the conquests. See
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 29, 120-25, 131-32, 135; idem, Tabaqat, 48-49; Ibn
Iiibban, Mashahfr, 74-75.
614. A clan of the Aws (Ansar(.
615. The following biographies are of people of the Khazraj, the brother of the
Aws.
616. The spokesman of the Ansar and their commander in the battle of
Yamamah in the apostasy wars; see Khalifah b . Khayyit, Tabagat, 94; Ibn Ribban,
Mashahir, 34.
134 Biographies
move the sorrow from Qays b. Shammas. "61 7 The Prophet then
took some earth from Buthan,618 put it in a vessel containing
some water, and poured it on him.
617. Note that it is not Thabit but his father who is blessed. This may be
because the blessing is uttered in rhymed, rhythmic prose. The addition of
"Thabit" would have spoiled the rhythm, whereas the omission of Shammas
would have spoiled the rhyme.
618. One of the three wadis of Medina. See Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, I, 662; al-
Samhudi, 1071-72.
619. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 102; Ibn Hibban, Mashahlr, 39.
620. That is, one who participated in the battle of Badr.
621. Khalifah b. Khayyat Tabagat, 253; Ibn Sa'd, V, 204.
622. Practices connected with magic or sorcery had pagan origins and were
therefore objectionable, but often they could not be abolished; hence the debates
on them that arose among Muslims and the ascription to the Prophet of their
condemnation or otherwise. See Fahd, chap. 4; cf. Guillaume, 24o n.
623. Brother of the former; see Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 100.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 135
these Jews and Christians read their Bible and their Gospel, [yet]
know nothing of what is in them?"
`Umayr al-Ansari.629
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Ibn Wak!'-his father-Sa'Id b. Said al-Taghlibi or
al-Tha`labi-al-Tabari was not sure about it630-Sa'id b. `Umayr
al-Ansari, who ranked among those who took part in Badr-the
[2406] Prophet: Whoever of my community prays for me sincerely and
from [the depth of ] his soul, God will reward him by blessing him
ten times,631 by raising him ten degrees, by writing ten good deeds
to his credit, and erasing ten evils from his record.
632. Ibn Hibban, Thiqat, III, 88; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 337 - 38. According to the
latter source, his conversion to Islam is not certain.
633. Literally, "you hurt their throats."
634. See note 234, above.
138 Biographies
635. Brother of Umm Ma`bad, the protagonist of the following story. He was
himself a Companion and was one of the few killed during the conquest of Mecca;
see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 310.
636. Barzah, from the root b-r-z meaning to appear, protrude, be seen. The term
implies that also in pre-Islamic times the norm for women was to keep distance
from men (for Umm Ma`bad is not yet converted), but there was a possibility of
closer, yet not dishonorable, contacts. See de Goeje's Glossarium under b-r-z; see
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, XIV, 159 on the conduct of Sukaynah, daughter of al-
Husayn. I thank my colleague, Prof. Albert Arazi for this reference.
637. Tahtabi. Ihtiba' is a peculiar manner of sitting, with the legs and back
confined together in a garment, considered characteristic of the Arab and Muslim
nobility; see al-Dhahabi, Mizan (ed. Bijawi), III, 272, no. 6403. I owe this reference
to Prof. M. J. Kister.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 139
of this for [at that time] the people were poor (murmilin); Abu
Hisham [replaces this word with ] mushtin, that is, suffering from
want during the winter, but according to al-Tabari it should be
musnitin, that is, going through a period of drought . [Anyway], the
Prophet then saw an ewe in the corner of the tent and asked "What
is this ewe, 0 Umm Ma`bad?" She replied "This is an ewe that was
too exhausted to [join] the sheep." He asked "Does she have any
milk?" to which she replied "She is too exhausted for this." He
asked "Will you permit me to milk her?" She said "Yes, [I swear]
by my father and mother, if you think that she has milk, do milk
her." The Prophet had her brought before him, passed his hand
over her udder, mentioned the name of God, and prayed for Umm
Ma`bad that her ewe [be blessed]. The ewe parted her legs widely,
let the milk flow abundantly, then stood ruminating. The Prophet
asked for a vessel [big enough ] to sustain the [whole ] family and
milked into it in a stream until it was covered with froth. He then
gave Umm Ma'bad to drink until her thirst was quenched, and he
gave his companions to drink until their thirst was quenched, and
he was the last to drink, so they [all] quenched their thirst. The
Prophet then milked [the ewe] into the vessel again until he filled
it.638 He left it with Umm Ma`bad, accepted the oath of allegiance
from her, and left [with his companions].
Shortly afterward her husband, Abu Ma'bad, arrived, driving a
few lean goats, so emaciated that they were staggering, even in the
morning;639 there was hardly any marrow in their bones. When
Abu Ma'bad saw the milk he was surprised and asked: "Where did
you get this, 0 Umm Ma`bad, the sheep pasturing far away [or
else] not pregnant? There is no milking ewe in the tent, [is there]?"
She replied "No, by God, but a blessed man passed by us, whose
story is such-and-so." Abu Ma'bad said "Describe him to me, 0
Umm Ma`bad." She said "I saw a radiant man with a luminous [2409]
face and harmonious build unspoiled by thinness and not tainted
by small-headedness." Such is the version of Abu Hisham, but it
638. Cf. the version about `Abdallah b. Masud milking an ewe for the Prophet
and Abu Bakr on their way to Medina in Kister, "Land Property,".27 5. For a list of
miracles performed by the Prophet, see Ibn I;Iazm, Jawami' al-sfrah, 7-14.
639. Tasawakna huzlan duhan; See note a to p. 2408.
140 Biographies
640. The version from Abu Hisham (as given by de Goeje) is lam ya`ibhu
nuhluhu wa-lam tuzri bi-hi suglah. The corrected version is lam ta`ibhu thujlah
wa-lam tuzri bi-hi suglah. Cairo and Dar al-Fikr (both, incidentally, 578) have
nuhlah or nihlah instead of nuhluhu.
641. That is, al-Tabari; see p. 143, below.
642. That is, the Prophet, Abu Bakr, and the latter 's client.
643. That is, in the fourth form, rather than in the first. The dictionaries, how-
ever, have both forms in the same sense.
644. The number of scribal errors in this passage points to its extremely rich and
difficult language.
645. Bakkah is another name for Mecca; see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldin, I, 706.
646. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1241.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 141
May God the Lord of the people grant the best reward [241o]
to the two companions who drank at midday at the two
tents of Umm Ma`bad.
They stopped there, bringing true guidance, and she followed.
Happiness is the lot of one who becomes a companion of
Muhammad.
0 come, clan of Qusayy,647 [see] how God removed from your
midst
leadership and priceless noble deeds.
Let the Banu Ka`b rejoice in their woman's undertaking,
as she stayed there for the believers, waiting.
Ask your sister about her jar and ewe;
if you ask, the ewe [itself ] will confirm it to you.
A barren ewe was brought and for him her milk was flowing,
the pure substance of the ewe's udder, foaming.
Al-Tabari remarks that this is how Abu Hisham recited it, but it
should in fact be as follows: "And the ewe's udder flowed for him
with the pure substance, foaming."
He left her with Umm Ma'bad as a pledge, for someone [else] to
milk
who would lead her time and again to the watering place
and back.
When Hassan b. Thabit, the Prophet's poet, heard this he com-
posed verses in reply to the voice, saying:648
People whose Prophet has left them will fail;
holy are those to whom he travels by morning or night.
He left the people, and their minds lost the trail,
whereas he settled among others, bringing new light.
Through him their Lord guided them after they had gone astray.
He directed them rightly; whoever seeks the Truth shall find
Are they alike, people who erred and foolishly acted blind,
and others who follow the rightly guided one in the right
way?
649. Literally, "they all had a second drink after the first one"; the Arabic has a
special term for each turn.
650. The verb is in the plural but should refer to the Prophet.
651. The word replaced by al-Tabari is kathafah, a more common word for
"thick." The point of replacing it is not clear to me.
144 Biographies
652. It is not clear who are "the people" mentioned here, because the Prophet
and Abu Bakr are usually said to have been the last Muslims to emigrate (except for
`Ali b. Abi Talib).
653. Or "Holy are those who travel to him by morning or by night."
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 145
Numayr al-Khuz51655
According to Muhammad b. Khalaf al-`Asgalani and Muham-
mad b. `Awf al-Td'!, of Hims-al-Firyabi-Isam b. Qudamah-
Malik b. Numayr al-Khuza I-his father: The latter saw the
[241SI Prophet sitting during the prayer, putting his arm on his right
thigh, raising his slightly bent forefinger, and praying.656
`Amr b. Sha's.658
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Humayd-Salamah [b. al-
Fadl]-[Muhammad] Ibn Ishaq-Aban b. Salilh-`Isa b. al-Fadl b.
Ma`gil b. Sinan al-Ashja`i-Abu Burdah b. Niyar b. Mikraz al-
Aslami659-his maternal uncle `Amr b. Sha's-the Prophet: Who-
ever harms `Ali harms me.
656. Wa-huwa yad`a, i.e., appeals to God, as distinct from yusalli, i.e., performs
the ritual prayer. See also Ibn Sa`d, VII/I, 42-43.
657. His being a Companion was disputed, but he nevertheless was a respected
Muslim and served `Umar as governor of Mecca. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 62;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 127; idem, Tabagat, Io9.
658. In Hibban, Mashahir, 62.
659. That is, the Aslam of Khuza`ah; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 240.
66o. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, i 1o-r i.
661. He does not belong in this chapter on Khuza`is, being of the Juhaynah and
an ally of the Ansar. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 95; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
121.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 147
662. A Yemeni tribe; see Caskel , II, 66; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 397-98; Ibn al-
Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 339-42.
663. An eminent Companion who served as a commander during the conquests
and a governor of al-Kufah and al-Basrah for `Umar . See "al-Ash'ari, Abu Musa,"
EI2, I, 695-96 ( L. Veccia Vaglieri); Jeffery, 209 - I1; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashdhir, 65;
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Tabagat, 132 - 33. On Abu Burdah, see Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabaqat, 68 , 133; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 167-68; Ibn I;Iajar, Isabah, IV, 18.
664. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 68 . He is known as a sort of religious guide
to his clan. See In Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXIX, 141-45
665. There is a debate among Muslim scholars about what exactly wine is and
whether only grape wine is forbidden or any other alcohol as well; see "Khamr,"
EI2, IV, 994-97 ( A. J. Wensinck).
666. Cf. Qur'an 5:65.
148 Biographies
667. Hadramawt , the well- known region in the southern part of the Arabian
peninsula, was the dwelling of the royal tribe of Kindah; see "Hadramawt," EI2, III,
51-53 ( A. F. L. Beeston). Arab genealogists treat the Hadramawt as a tribal group
( cf. Genesis 10:26 ), and, indeed, Hadramis do behave as one ( see, e.g., Nasr b.
Muzahim, passim). However, the precise place of the Hadramawt in the genealogi-
cal scheme and their relation to other groups, especially the Kindah , are by no
means clear. See, e.g., al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 9-10; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 460;
Muhammad Ibn Habib, Munammaq, 20; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 72.
668. A king in Hadramawt ( although not mentioned in al-Himyari) who em-
braced Islam and was warmly and generously treated by the Prophet. He later
associated with Mu' awiyah and his governor Ziyad b . Abihi . See Ibn I;Iibban,
Mashahir, 77; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 460; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, II, 572-73; al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, II, 132-37 (on his role in the I;Iujr b. `Adi affair).
669. Apparently known only in connection with the tradition recorded here; his
being a Companion is disputed. See Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 150; Ibn I Iajar, Isabah, II, 405-
6.
670. Qur'an 6:75, trans. Bell, I, 122; cf. al-Tabari, Jami`, VII, 247.
671. Kaffarat, sing. Kaffarah, a technical term meaning "an expiatory or pro-
pitiatory act that grants remission for faults of some gravity "; see "Kaffara," EI2,
IV, 406-7 (J. Chelhod).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 149
Of the Kindah
Gharafah b. al-Harith al-Kindi.672
According to In Mahdi-[ `Abdallah] In al-Mubarak-
Harmalah b. `Imran- `Abdallah b . al-Harith al-Azdi-Gharafah [2418]
b. al-Harith al-Kindi: I was present at the Farewell Pilgrimage with
the Prophet; when the sacrifice camels were brought he said "Call
Abu al-Hasan for me ." [`Ali b. Abi Talib] was summoned and the
Prophet said " Seize the lower part of the javelin ." [`Ali did this];
the Prophet seized its upper part , and they stabbed the animals
with it. When the Prophet had finished he rode his mule and
mounted `Ali behind him.
`Abdallah b. Nufayl.673
According to `Abd al-Rahman b . al-Walid-`Umar b. Sa`Id al-
Dimashq! -Abu Bakr al -Nahshali- `Abdallah b . Salam-Abu
Salamah Sulayman b. Abi Sulaym-`Abdallah b. Nufayl al-
672. In Hibban, Mashahfr, 96; Ibn Sa`d, VII/2 , 145. According to Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, III, 185, he was one of the notables of Egypt and corresponded with the
second caliph, Umar (al-Tabari does not mention him in the Annals).
673. His being a Companion is disputed, and the entry on him in Ibn Hajar,
Isdbah, 11, 376 ( quoting also our text) records no biographical details.
ISO Biographies
Of the Hamdan
[Hamdan] is Asalah b. Malik b. Zayd b. Asalah b. Rabi`ah b. al-
Khiyar b. Malik b. Zayd b. Kahlan b. Saba'.678
678. A large, powerful Yemeni tribal confederation. Read Awsalah for Asalah.
See Ibn Hazm, Iamharat, 392; "Hamdan," EI2, III, 122-23 J. Schleifer [W. M.
Watt]); Abu Yasin . Note that apparently only the first biography under this rubric
is of a Hamdani.
679. A Kufan Successor. See al-Dulabi, II, 37; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3152; Ibn
I.Iibban, Thigat, V, 130-31; In I;Iajar, Iiabah , III, 96, and Tahdhib, VI, 113-14.
680. Nasr b . Muzahim, 136, 342 353-
681. Amr al-juhhal, "the matter of the Barbarians," that is, pre-Islamic times
(the Jahiliyyah).
682. A Successor; there are various versions of his tribal affiliation . See Ibn
Hajar, Isabah, II, 100-1; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 193
152 Biographies
`Abdallah b. Hildl.687
According to Bishr b . Adam-Zayd b. al-Hubab -Bishr b. `Im-
683. His identity is unclear; see Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 156. Ibn Sa`d mentions
two persons by that name with no details. The tradition recorded here is not
mentioned in Zaghlul's Mawsu`at atraf a1-hadith.
684. That is, brother of the Prophet's mother, Aminah bt. Wahb of the Qurashi
clan Zuhrah, not to be confused with `Umayr b. Wahb of the Qurashi clan Jumah;
see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 37. Almost nothing is known about him; he is not
mentioned even once in the Sirah of Ibn Hisham and is ignored by Ibn Sa'd.
685. Cf. P. 97, above.
686. Cf. Qur'an 2:80, 9:7.
687. His identity is unclear. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 339, 378; Ibn Abi Hatim,
11/2, 193.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 153
688. His identity is unclear. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 429; Ibn Abi Hatim, IV/1,
426-27.
689. An Egyptian of the Azd. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 115; al-Dulabi,
I, 47; Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 198.
690. Cf. Ibn Abi Shaybah, Iman, 16, where a similar story is attributed to the
Companion Mu`adh b. Jabal.
154 Biographies
Wahb b. I;Iudhayfah.691
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala']-`Uthman b.
Said-Khalid-`Amr b. Yahya-his paternal uncle Wasi` b.
Habban-Wahb b. Hudhayfah-the Prophet: A man has a right to
his seat; if he gets up to fulfill some need or other, then comes
back, he has a right to his seat.
Al-Harith b. Malik.692
According to Sahl b. Musa al-Razi-al-Hajjaj b. Muhajir-
Ayyub b. Khut-Layth-Zayd b. Rufay`-al-Harith b. Malik, who
said, while with the Prophet "I am truly a believer," whereupon
the Prophet said "Be careful with what you say, for every state-
ment has its proper sense."693 Al-Harith said: "0 Messenger of
God, I have ordered my soul to turn away from this world, and it
[obeyed] calmly; I have abstained from drinking694 during the
daytime and have spent the nights awake. It is as if I look at the
[2423] throne of the Lord and at paradise's dwellers paying visits to one
another and at hell's dwellers howling to one another." The
Prophet said "You have turned away [from this world], so adhere
[to your way]; you have turned away [from this world], so adhere
[to your way]."695 The Prophet then added "Whoever likes to be-
come happy by looking at a servant [of God] whose heart was lit
with faith by God, let him look at al-Harith b. Malik." Al-Harith
then asked [the Prophet] "Pray to God that I may die as a shahid!"
The Prophet prayed for him, and he fell as a shahid.
Abu al-Hamra'.696
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
691. Of the Kinani clan Ghifar or the Muzaynah, a rather insignificant Compa-
nion. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 641; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 33.
692. An Ansari killed during the Prophet's lifetime; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I,
289-90.
693. There is a dispute among Muslim scholars as to whether it is permissible to
declare oneself a believer or to say "I am a believer if God so wills" or a similar
expression. This is connected to the commendable quality of modesty as well as to
such theological problems as the true sense of belief, the difference between belief
(iman) and Islam, and free will vs. predestination. See, e.g., Ibn Abi Shaybah, Iman,
21-25; idem., Musannaf, XI, 42-43.
694. Or, "made myself lean," i.e., fasted.
695. Cf. Ibn Abi Shaybah, !man, 43.
696. Apparently not the Prophet's client mentioned in some sources (al-Dulabi,
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 155
Al-Haddar.698
According to Muhammad b. `Awf-his father-Shuqayr,
al-`Abbas' client: [Shuqayr] heard al-Haddar, the Prophet's Compa-
nion, say to al-`Abbas, after having seen him eating white bread
and other things immoderately "I never saw the Prophet satisfy
his hunger with wheat bread until God took him."
Ziyad b. Mutarrif.699
According to Zakariya' b. Yahya b. Aban al-Misri-Ahmad b.
Ishkab-Yahya b. Ya`la al-Muharibi-`Ammar b. Zurayq al-
Dabbi-Abu Ishaq al-Hamdani-Ziyad b. Mutarrif-the Prophet:
Whoever wishes to live like me and to die like me and to enter the [2424]
garden some of whose branches God promised to give me, [from
trees] He had planted in that garden of eternity, [whoever wishes
to attain this], let him befriend `Ali b. Abi Talib and his descen-
dants after him, for they will never lead him out through the door
of the right path, and never lead him in through the door of error.
I, 25; In Hibban, Thigat, III, 435-36) or he would not have "lived in Medina for
seven months" but would rather have lived there permanently . Ibn HHajar, Isabah,
IV, 46, mentions another person by that kunyah, of whom he knows only that he
participated in Badr and Ulhud.
697. Qur'an 3333, trans. Bell, II, 414. This is a version of what is called The
Tradition of the Covering (hadith al-kisa'), which aims at identifying the ahl al-
bayt, i.e., the family of the Prophet . The proper identification of the term is
directly connected with the political issue of authority, as the Shits applied it to
`Ali, Fatimah, and their descendants only, whereas the `Abbasids included them-
selves in it . See Sharon, "Notes"; idem, "Development"; idem, "The Umayyads";
"Ahl al-bayt," EI2, I, 257-58 (I. Goldziher, C. van Arendonck, and A. S. Tritton).
For other versions of the tradition, see Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, VI, 292; Arazi and
El'ad, 241, 254 no. 39; see also Zaghlul , III, 555.
698. A Kinani who lived in Hims; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, III, 600.
699. Apparently known only in connection with the tradition quoted here; see
In Hajar, Isabah, I, 559.
156 Biographies
Junadah b. Malik.700
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala'] and Muham-
mad b. `Umar b. al-Hayyaj al-Hamdani-Yahya b. `Abd al-Rah-
man-`Ubaydah b. al-Aswad-al-Qasim b. al-Walid-Mus`ab b.
`Abdallah al-Azdi-`Abdallah b. Junadah-Junadah b. Malik-the
Prophet: There are three features of the people of the Jahiliyyah
never to be given up by the people of Islam-praying to the stars
for rain,701 finding fault with one another's genealogy,702 and
wailing for the dead.703
Abu Udhaynah.704
According to `Ubayd b. Adam b. Abi Iyas-his father-al-Layth
b. Sa`d-Musa b. Ulayy b. Rabah-his father-Abu Udhaynah-
the Prophet: The best of your women are those who are prolific, af-
fectionate, obedient, and generous, provided they are God fearing.
The worst of your women are those who dress up and are con-
ceited. These are the Hypocrites (munafigat); such a one's reach-
ing paradise is [a phenomenon] as rare as a white-footed raven.
Ibn Nudaylah.705
According to Muhammad b. `Abdallah b. `Abd al-Hakam-Ay-
[2425] yub b. Suwayd-al-Awza`i-Abu `Ubayd706-al-Qasim b. Muk-
haymirah-Ibn Nudaylah: A famine befell the people during the
Prophet's lifetime, and they appealed to him "0 Messenger of
700. Of the tribe of Azd; see al-Bukhari, Ta'rikh, II, 232-34; Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 194.
He is confused with one Junadah b. Abi Umayyah, and, to add to the confusion,
there are two by the latter name, one of them quite well known. See Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, I, 247, 245-46; Khalifahb. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 159, 216; idem, Tabaqat, 116,
305, 309.
701. Prayer for rain (istisga') was practiced both in pre-Islamic and in Islamic
times, naturally with differences arising from paganism vs. monotheism. See
Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, 41; "Istisga'," EI2, IV,269-70 (T. Fahd).
702. Genealogy, nasab (here nisbah), was pivotal in the social life of the Arabs
both before and after Islam. Boasting of their own genealogy and degrading that of
the others were customary among both tribes and individuals and were strongly
repudiated by Islam. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, I, chap. 2.
703. The traditional pre-Islamic way of wailing for the dead, niyahah or nawh,
was strictly forbidden by Islam; see note 179, above.
704. Apparently known only in connection with the tradition recorded here; see
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 4-5. Al-Dulabi mentions only his name.
705. Apparently known only in connection with the tradition recorded here; see
Ibn al-Athir, Usd, V, 331.
706. He was Sulayman b. `Abd al-Malik's doorkeeper; see de Goeje, 2424 n. h.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 157
God, announce fixed prices for us." He retorted: "Let not God call
me to account for a custom (sunnah) I introduced to you without
His ordering me to do it. Nay, ask God for His favor."707
Murrah.71o
According to al-Hasan b. `Arafah-`Umar b. `Abd al-Rahman-
Muhammad b. Juhadah-Muhammad b. `Ajlan-Murrah's
daughter-her father-the Prophet: One who acts as guardian of
an orphan, whether on his own or someone else's behalf, will be
with me in paradise [as close to me as that], if he fears God; and he
indicated [it] with his forefinger and middle finger.
`Ubaydallah b. Mihsan.711
According to $alih b. Mismar-Muhammad b. `Abd al-`Aziz-
Marwan-`Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Shumaylah al-Ansari-Sala-
mah b. `Ubaydallah b. Mihsan-his father-the Prophet: Whoever
of you gets up in the morning safe in his family and property, sound
in his body, having food for the day, it is as if he owned this world.
`Asim b. Hadrah.712
According to `Imran b. Bakkar al-Kala'I-Yahya b. Salih-Sa`id
707. Sunnah is a term indicating all the customs and practices of the Prophet
considered to be the paradigm of a good Muslim's behavior. Here the idea is ex-
pressed that not only the Qur'an, but also the sunnah, has a divine origin. See
Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 24-38 and passim.
708. An Ansari, known in connection with the tradition recorded here; see In
Hajar, Isabah, IV, 182-83.
709. Tur'ah min tura` al-jannah. Tur'ah means both the pulpit's flight of steps
and a gate or door. The word is here used in both meanings simultaneously, the
idea being that this very flight of steps leads to paradise.
710. I could not trace this individual.
711. An Ansari, apparently known only in connection with the tradition record-
ed here; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 439-40; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 65.
712. Or IIadrad, an Ansari known in connection with the tradition recorded
here; see In Hajar, Isabah, II, 245.
158 Biographies
Rashid b. I;Iubaysh.714
According to [Muhammad] Ibn Bashshar-Muhammad b.
Bakr-Sa'Id [b. Abi `Arubah]-Qatadah [b. Di`amah]-Muslim b.
Yasar-Abu al-Ash'ath al-San`ani-Rashid b. IIubaysh: The
Prophet visited `Ubadah b. al-Samit,715 who was ill, and said "Do
you know the identity of the martyrs (shuhada') of my com-
munity?" The people remained silent; `Ubadah b. al-Samit said
"Assist me [to sit up]," which they did, and he answered: "Those
who bear patiently and seek God's reward." The Prophet then
said: "In that case, the martyrs of my community are few. [I say
that] to be killed in the path of God counts as martyrdom
(shahadah), and so do death in a plague, drowning, death by a belly
[2427] disease, and the death of a woman in labor; [such a woman's] child
pulls his mother to paradise by the umbilical cord." Abu al-'Aw-
713. Of the Azd tribe, al-Dulabi, I, 53-54; Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 150. There is, however,
a confusion between several persons of that kunyah. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 179;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 313; Ibn al-Athir, Usd, V, 295-96.
714. It is disputed whether he was a Companion or a Successor; he is known in
connection with the tradition recorded here; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 494.
715. An eminent Ansari and the first judge in Filastin. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II,
268-69; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 87-88; al-Safadi, XVI, 618-r9.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 159
Aws b. Shurahbil.716
According to `Abdallah b. Ahmad b. Shabbuyah-Islhaq b.
Ibrahim-`Amr b. al-Harith-`Abdallah b. Salim-al-Zabidi-
`Ayyash b. Mu'nis-Abu Nimran al-Rahabi-Aws b. Shurahbil,
one of the Banu al-Mujammi`-the Prophet: He who goes [along]
with an unjust [ruler] and supports him, knowing that he is unjust,
has forsaken Islam [by this act].717
Ibn Ju`dubah.721
He transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to al-`Abbas b. al-Walid-Sa`id b. Mansur-Ya`qub b.
`Abd al-Rahman and `Abd al-`Aziz b. Abi Hazim-Abu Hazim
[Salamah b. Dinar]-Muhammad b. Ka'b-Ibn Ju`dubah-the
Prophet: God is pleased with three things and hates three things
for you to do: He is pleased that you worship Him without at-
tributing any partner to Him and that you all hold fast to the
covenant of God without being at variance with one another and
that you obey those whom God has appointed to rule you.722 He
hates you to engage in gossip, to ask too many questions, and to
waste money.723
721. Yazid b. `Iyad, a Basran Successor, of the Kinani clan the Banu Layth. See
Ibn Sa'd, V, 305; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, XI, 308-9.
722. Unity of the community and obedience to rulers are closely connected. See
p. 102 and note 487, above.
723. Or, "property."
724. A Companion, of the Aslam tribe; he is known to have fought in the
Muslim army during the apostasy wars. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 181; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 112, 137; al-Diilabi, I, 55.
725. See al-Wagidi, 658, where another report about Khaybar is traced back to
him (he is called Mu`attib al-Aslami there).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 161
726. The Muslim era starts with the Emigration , and the Muslims have no
concept parallel to that of B.C.. For the years preceding the Emigration various
expressions are used. Here the beginning of the prophethood serves as a starting
point, although the Muslims differed on the exact date of this event . See al-
Sakhawi 's 1'Idm, in Rosenthal, History, 380.
727. Cf. p. ii, above.
728. That is, after the boycott was removed from them . See p. 55, above.
729. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rfkh, 24; Ibn Sayyid al-Nas, ]1, 365.
162 Biographies
sent [on his divine mission] and God revealed the verse "The
hands of Abu Lahab have perished," 730 `Utbah's father said to him
"Divorce Muhammad's daughter, or else all ties between us will
be [irreversibly] severed." So `Utbah divorced Ruqayyah without
having consummated the marriage. She embraced Islam when her
mother Khadijah did and swore allegiance to the Prophet, together
with the other women.731 `Uthman b. `Affan married her, and she
emigrated twice to Abyssinia with him. On the first emigration
she miscarried the child she had from `Uthman, but later she bore
him a son whom he named `Abdallah. When the Prophet emi-
grated [to Medina] she followed suit, after her husband `Uthman.
Ruqayyah fell ill when the Prophet was preparing to set out for
[the battle of] Badr, so he left `Uthman behind [to watch over
her].732 She died in Ramadan, seventeen months after the
Prophet's Emigration/March 624, while the Prophet was at Badr.
Zayd b. Harithah came from Badr with the good news [of the
victory], and when he entered Medina the [people] were leveling
the earth over her [grave].733
734. It is not clear whether or not the text argues that `Utaybah also divorced
Umm Kulthum before the consummation of their marriage. The argument dulls
the edge of the fact that the daughters of the Prophet were already divorced when
`Uthman married them.
735 S. See p. 11, above.
736. On the wives of the Prophet , see Morsy, and a critique of the book in
Gilliot, " Bulletin d'islamologie ", 487-89; al-Tabari, Ta 'rikh, I, 1766-82; Ibn His-
ham, IV, 293-98; Ibn Isliaq, Siyar, 243-69; Abu Zur`ah, 489-95; Ibn Hazm, law-
dmi` al-sirah , 31-38; al-Salihi, Azwdj al-nabiyy.
737. "Zainab," Eh, IV, 1200 (V. Vacca); al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 429; Khalifah b.
Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 26 ; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 258.
1 64 Biographies
[2432] It was reported that she was thus named in pre-Islamic times.
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [a1-Wagidi]-Muhammad b.
`Abdallah-Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri: Zaynab bt. Khuzaymah al-Hil-
aliyyah was called Umm al-Masakin. She had been married to al-
Tufayl b. al-Harith b. al-Muttalib b. `Abd Manaf, and he divorced
her.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah, that is, Ibn
Ja`far-`Abd al-Wdhid b. Abi `Awn: [Then] `Ubaydah b. al-Harith
married her, and he was killed in [the battle] of Badr as a shahid,
leaving her a widow.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Kathir b. Zayd-al-Mutta-
lib b. `Abdallah b. Hantab, and also Muhammad b. Qudamah-his
father: The Prophet asked Zaynab bt. Khuzaymah al-Hilaliyyah,
Umm al-Masakin, in marriage, and she entrusted her affairs to
him. He let it be known that he gave her twelve and a half ounces
[of gold] as bridal gift.738 The marriage took place in Ramadan,
thirty-one months after the Emigration/February 625. She stayed
with him eight months, then died at the end of Rabi` II, thirty-nine
months after [the Emigration]/October 626.739 The Prophet said
the prayers over her bier and buried her at al-Bagi`.
Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi] related: I asked `Abdallah b. Ja`far who it
was that descended into her grave,740 and he said "three of her
brothers." I asked "How old was she when she died?" He said
"Thirty years or so."
742. According to other versions ( see the previous note), she refused to marry
him and preferred to be his concubine.
743. Of the Kinani clan al-Layth b. Bakr; see Ibn Hazm, famharat, 180; al-
Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 458-59.
744. Cf. pp. 186-89, below.
745. Cf. In Hisham, IV, 49-50.
166 Biographies
746. Called Sana' bt. Asma' in other sources; of the Sulami clan the Banu Sam-
mal. See Lecker, Bann Sulaym, 84; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 463.
747. A nephew of Sana'. He was a famous warrior and governor of Khurasan; see
Lecker, Bann Sulaym, 82.
748. Her father, al-Hudhayl b. Hubayrah, of the Taghlibi clan Tha`labah b. Bakr,
was a distinguished leader in Mesopotamia in pre-Islamic times. See Ibn al-Kalbi,
Nasab ma'add, 93; idem., Jamharat, 574; Muhammad Ibn Habib, Muh.abbar, 249-
50; Naga'ici, 473, 703; Caskel, II, 286. One of his daughters, Rayhanah, was taken
captive by the Muslims during the conquests; see al -Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2073. On
Khawlah, see al -Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 460.
749. Ibn Sa'd, VIII, 114-15.
750. Dhikr ta'rikh man mata ... etc. Ta'rikh means "date" as well as "history"
and "biography," but the chapter deals mainly with deaths and dates. Cf. the next
chapter, where it is clear that "dates" are meant in the rubric.
751. That is, the Ka`bah; see Rubin, "The Ka'ba," 98-104.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 167
75 2. Seep. i i, above.
1 68 Biographies
753 A family of bedouin (Asadi) origin, allies of the Quraysh, who joined
Muhammad early in his career; see Kister, "On Strangers and Allies", 137-39.
754 A Dhrrd' equals 29i inches.
75 5. Perhaps the great-grandson of All b. Abi Talib is meant; see In Qudamah,
129. See, on him, p. 245, below.
756. One of the rich, generous notables of the Qurayhi clan the Makhzum dur-
ing Umayyad times; see In Qudamah, 361-63.
757. There is a shift in the narration here. The story starts with `Abdallah b.
Hasan as the narrator, but from "We tried ..." until the end the narrator is al-
Mughirah.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 169
758. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 120; idem, Tabagat, 331; al-Baladhuri, An-
sib, III (Duri), 313; al-Zubayri, 17.
759. Of the Qurashi clan `Amin b. Lu'ayy. See Khalifhah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
335; al- Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 407-9; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 254.
170 Biographies
760. According to the Muslim law, a widow or divorced woman should wait for
a certain period before remarrying (in order to see whether she is pregnant by her
former husband); see "Idda," EI2, III, 1010-13 (Y. Linant de Bellefonds).
761. The Prophet never married another woman during Khadijah's lifetime.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 171
the name of Sawdah. She had [already] five or six small children
from her [former] husband, who was dead by then. The Prophet
asked her "What is it that prevents you from [marrying] me?" She [2439]
replied "0 Prophet of God, nothing prevents me from [marrying]
you but that you are the most beloved person to me and I respect
you [too much to let] these little children squeal around your head
all the time." The Prophet asked "Is there anything else that pre-
vents you from [marrying] me?" She replied "No, by God." The
Prophet said to her "The best women ever to have ridden the
backs of camels762 are the virtuous women of the Quraysh, who
are the most affectionate toward small children and the most ex-
cellent in doing good to their husbands when they [the women] are
wealthy.763
Zayd b. Harithah and his client Abu Rafi` for us. He gave
them two camels and Soo dirhams he had taken from Abu
Bakr to buy [other] beasts they needed. Abu Bakr sent with
them `Abdallah b. Uraygit al-Dill, with two or three
camels. He wrote to [his son] `Abdallah b. Abi Bakr to take
his wife Umm Ruman, together with me and my sister
Asma', al-Zubayr's wife, [and leave for Medina]. They all
left [Medina] together, and when they arrived at
Qudayd767 Zayd b. Harithah bought three camels with
those 50o dirhams. All of them then entered Mecca, where
[2440] they met Talhah b. `Ubaydallah on his way to leave town,
together with Abu Bakr's family.768 So we all left: Zayd b.
Harithah, Abu Rafi`, Fatimah, Umm Kulthum, and
Sawdah bt. Zam'ah. Zayd mounted Umm Ayman and [his
son] Usamah b. Zayd on a riding beast; `Abdallah b. Abi
Bakr took Umm Ruman and his two sisters, and Talhah b.
`Ubaydallah came [too]. We all went together,769 and
when we reached Bayd in Tamanni770 my camel broke
loose. I was sitting in the litter together with my mother,
and she started exclaiming "Alas, my daughter, alas [you]
bride"; then they caught up with our camel, after it had
safely descended the Lift.771 We then arrived at Medina,
and I stayed with Abu Bakr's children, and [Abu Bakr]
went to the Prophet.772 The latter was then busy building
the mosque and our homes around it,773 where he [later]
housed his wives. We stayed in Abu Bakr's house for a few
days; then Abu Bakr asked [the Prophet] "0 Messenger of
767. A place near Mecca, see Yaqut, Mu `jam al-buldan, IV, 42. Note that the
story temporarily reverts from the first to the third person.
768. Talhah and Abu Bakr belonged to the same Qurashi clan , the Banu Taym.
769. The text ( and Cairo, 6oi, and Dar al-Fikr, 604 ) has "the two of them went
together " ( wa-ista1labd), which makes no sense here. The difference between the
two words is one character, n (wa-ista1 abnd) , which can easily be overlooked in a
manuscript.
770. See Yaqut, Mu`jam al- buldan, I, 795 , 874.
771. A wadi between Mecca and Medina; see Yaqut , Mu`jam al-buldan, I, 360-
61.
772. De Goeje interprets nazala i1a here not as "went " but as "stayed " or "lived
with," the agent of the verb being, according to him, Usamah b. Zayd; see 2440 n. c.
773. See al- Samhudi, II, 322-40.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 173
The Prophet made a door in the mosque for his own use, op-
posite the door of `A'ishah.
[`A'ishah said]: The Prophet consummated his marriage with
Sawdah in one of these houses that are next to mine; he used to
stay with her.
`A'ishah died in Ramadan 58/June-July 678.
Those who hold this view. According to Ibn `Umar [al-
Wagidi]-`Abd al-Rahman b. `Abd al-`Aziz-`Abdallah b. Abi Bakr
b. Muhammad b. `Amr b. IIazm: Abu Hurayrah said the prayer [2441]
over `A'ishah 's bier in Ramadan 58 /June-July 678 . She died after
the night prayer.776
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]: `A'ishah died on
Tuesday night, the 17th of Ramadan 58/July 13, 678, and was
buried the same night after the night prayer. She was then sixty-
six years old.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Ibn Abi Sabrah-Musa b.
Maysarah-Salim Sabalan: `A'ishah died the night of the 17th of
Ramadan , after the night prayer. She had ordered that she should
be buried the same night. The Ansar gathered and attended [the
funeral], and no other night was ever seen that was more crowded
than that one. [Even] the people of the villages outside Medina
( al-`awali) came. She was buried in al-Bag!`.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Ibn Jurayj [`Abd al-Malik
b. Abd al-`Aziz]-Nafi` [client of `Abdallah b. `Umar]: I was pres-
774. It is not clear whether Abu Bakr pays this sum as dowry or gives the
Prophet the money to pay the bridal gift because the Prophet was short of cash. See
also p . 189, below.
775. See al- Samhudi, II, 458-60, 540-42.
776. ltar or witr, a prayer consisting of an odd number of prayer units (rak'ahs)
performed at night; see "Witr ," Eh, IV, 1139-40 (A. J. Wensinck).
174 Biographies
ent [at `A'ishah's funeral when] Abu Hurayrah said the prayer over
her bier; [`Abdallah] b. `Umar was in the crowd and did not con-
demn it.777 Marwan had gone on a lesser pilgrimage (`umrah) that
year and appointed Abu Hurayrah vice-governor.
777. It is not clear what was condemnable here; perhaps that it was not the
governor, Marwan b. al -Hakam, who held the funeral service, as stated in the next
sentence . See also below.
778. "Hafsa," EI2, III, 63-65; Jeffery, 212 - 13; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 422-28;
Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabaqat, 334 Ibn Qudamah, 75-76; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 257.
779. A member of the Qurashi clan the Jumah and an early convert, known for
his asceticism; see Ibn Qudamah , 444-45.
780. See p. 11, above.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 175
Umm Salamah, whose [real] name was Hind bt. Abi Umayyah,
whose [real] name was Suhayl Zad al-Rakb781 b. al-Mughirah b.
`Abdallah b. `Umar b. Makhzum.782
Her mother was `Atikah bt. `Amir b. Rabi'ah b. Malik b. Jad-
himah b. `Algamah Jidhl al-Ti`an b. Firas b. Ghanm b. Malik b.
Kinanah.78a
Umm Salamah was married to Abu Salamah, whose [real] name
was `Abdallah b. `Abd al-Asad b. Hilal.784 Both of them partici-
pated in the two emigrations to Abyssinia, where Umm Salamah
bore Zaynab bt. Abi Salamah. She later [also] bore her husband
Salamah, `Umar, and Durrah, sons of Abi Salamah.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]785-`Umar b. `Uthman-
`Abd al-Malik b. Ubayd-SaId b. `Abd al-Rahman b. Yarbu-
`Umar b. Abi Salamah: My father participated in the battle of
Uhud, and Abu Usamah al-Jushami shot him in the arm with
an arrow. He stayed a month treating his injury, which eventu-
ally healed. The Prophet then sent my father to Qatan,786 in Mu-
liarram, thirty five months [after the Emigration]/June 625. He
was away for twenty-nine days, then returned to Medina, on the [2443]
eighth of Safar 4/July 21, 625; by then his wound had reopened. He
died from it on the eighth of Jumada II 4/November 15, 625. My
mother observed the legal period of waiting before remarrying
(`iddah) and became lawful [for marriage] on the loth of Shawwal
4/March 25, 626. The Prophet married her at the end of Shaw-
wal 4/March 626.787 She died in Dhu al-Qa`dah 59/September-
October 679.
Umm Habibah, whose [real] name was Ramlah bt. Abi Sufyan b.
Harb.793
Her mother was Safiyyah bt. Abi al-`As b. Umayyah b. `Abd
Shams, `Uthman b. `Affan' s paternal aunt.
`Ubaydallah b. Jahsh b. Ri'ab, I;Iarb b. Umayyah's ally (1iali f ), 794
had married Umm Habibah. She bore him Habibah, after whom
she was named. Habibah was [ later] married to Da'ud b. `UIwah b.
Masud al-Thagafi.795
Ubaydallah b. Jahsh emigrated to Abyssinia in the second emi-
gration , taking Umm Habibah with him. He apostatized and con-
verted to Christianity, then died in Abyssinia, whereas Umm
Habibah remained faithful to her religion, Islam, and to her [sta-
tus] as an Emigrant.
Umm Habibah had taken her daughter Habibah bt. `Ubaydallah
when emigrating to Abyssinia, then brought her back with her to
Mecca.
According to Ibn Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. Ja`far-
Uthman b. Muhammad al-Akhnasi: Umm Habibah bt. Abi Suf-
yan had given birth to Habibah, her daughter from Ubaydallah b.
Jahsh, in Mecca, before she emigrated to Abyssinia.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Abu Bakr b. Ismail b.
Muhammad b. Sa`d-his father: Umm Habibah had left Mecca
while pregnant and bore her daughter in Abyssinia.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-`Abdallah b. `Amr b.
Zuhayr-Ismail b. `Amr b. Said b. al-`As-Umm Habibah: I
dreamed that Ubaydallah b. Jahsh, my husband, was in the worst
and most deformed shape. I was frightened and said [to myself ]
793. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 41; al-Baladhuri , Ansab, I, 200, 438-39, 440;
Ibn Qudamah, 80-82; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 259.
794. See note i 16, above.
795. Son of `Urwah b. Masud, an outstanding leader of the Thaqif, who was
assassinated because of his conversion to Islam ; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, I, 478, II,
477-78.
178 Biographies
796. Drinking wine is here used to indicate the difference between Muslims and
Christians . It is also related to the dream, in which Umm Habibah saw her hus-
band deformed. Cf . Qur'an 5:59-61.
797. A designation of the wives of the Prophet.
798. That is, the Abyssinian ruler.
799. As the Muslims who emigrated to Abyssinia were supposed to be under the
negus ' protection, the story makes the Prophet address him in the matter of the
marriage. See also below, and al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1570-71.
8oo. A relative of hers, one of the very few early Umayyad converts. See Ibn
Hajar, Isdbah, I, 406-7; Ibn Qudamah , 187-90.
8o1. Cf. Qur'an 59:23.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 179
802. The negus in fact embraces Islam by uttering these words. On the negus
legend in Islamic tradition, see Raven; Wansbrough, 38-41.
803. Qur'an 9:33, 61:9; trans. Bell, I, 177.
804. The permissibility of perfume, as well as other luxuries, was much debated
among Muslim scholars.
18o Biographies
from you." When we came to the Prophet I told him about the
[2447] betrothal [ceremony] and about Abrahah and her conduct with
me, and he smiled. I greeted him on her behalf, and he said "Peace
be with her, too, and God's mercy."
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Ishaq b. Muhammad-
Ja`far b. Muhammad-his father: The Prophet sent `Amr b. Urn-
ayyah al-Damri805 to the negus, asking him to give him in mar-
riage Umm Habibah bt. Abi Sufyan, who had been married to
`Ubaydallah b. Jahsh. The negus gave her to him in marriage and
contributed a bridal gift of 40o dinars from his own [pocket], on
behalf of the Prophet.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Muhammad b. Salih-
`Asim b. `Umar b. Qatadah, and also [Ibn `Umar al-Wagidi]-`Abd
al-Rahman b. `Abd al-`Aziz-`Abdallah b. Abi Bakr b. Hazm: The
man who gave Umm Habibah in marriage and from whom the
negus asked her was Khalid b. Said b. al-`As; this occurred in the
year 7/628-29. She was thirty-odd years old when she was brought
to Medina.
Umm Habibah died in the year 44/April 4, 664-March 24, 665,
during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah.
805. A famous warrior and Companion, of the Kinanah tribe; see In Hajar,
Igdbah, II, 524.
806. Of the Jahsh family, seep. 168, above; "Zainab bint Jahsh," El', IV, 1199 V.
Vacca); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 122; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 433-37; Ansari.
807. That is, the Prophet's paternal aunt.
8o8. Perhaps she considers herself unworthy, having been married before, or
Zayd, a former slave, is unworthy of her. See note 853, below.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 181
Zayd b. Harithah's house looking for him. Zayd was [at that time]
called only Zayd b. Muhammad, and the Prophet sometimes [2448]
would miss him [after] a time and would say "Where is Zayd?"
[Once] he went to Zayd's house but did not find him [there].
Zaynab rose toward him and said "Come here, 0 Messenger of
God," but he turned away, muttering something unintelligible,
except the words "Praised be God the Great, praised be God, who
turns the hearts." When Zayd came home his wife told him that
the Prophet had come to his house. Zayd asked "Didn't you ask
him to come in?" She said "I proposed it to him but he declined."
Zayd asked "Did you hear him say anything?" She said: "When he
turned away I heard him say something I did not understand, and I
heard him say 'Praised be God the Great, praised be God who turns
the hearts."' Zayd left [his house] and went to the Prophet. He
said: "0 Messenger of God, I heard that you came to my house.
Why didn't you come in? 0 Messenger of God, may my father and
mother be your ransom! Perhaps [the problem is] that you like
Zaynab? In that case, I shall divorce her." The Prophet said "Keep
your wife." [But] Zayd could not touch her [after that]. He would
come to the Prophet and tell him [about it], and the latter would
say "Keep your wife," and Zayd would say "O Messenger of God, I
shall divorce her," and the Prophet would say "Keep your wife."
Zayd divorced her [all the same] and abstained from her, and she
became lawful [for remarriage]. [One day], while talking to
`A'ishah, the Prophet fainted. On regaining consciousness he
smiled and said "Who will go to Zaynab to bring her the glad
tidings that God from above gave her to me in marriage?" The
Prophet [then] recited "(Recall) when thou wert saying to him
upon whom Allah bestowed favor and upon whom thou didst
bestow favor."809 `A'ishah narrated: I was upset by both near and
remote troubles, having heard of Zaynab's beauty. What was
more, the greatest and noblest of all things happened to her, as
God from heaven gave her in marriage. I said [to myself ] "She is
going to boast of it to us." Salma, the Prophet's servant, then went
quickly and told [Zaynab] about it. [Zaynab] gave her silver orna- [2449]
ments for this [service].810
815. The veil, hijab, was obligatory only on the Prophet's wives. See Qur'an
33:53; al-Wahidi, 241-43; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, Ta'r kh, 87; "Hidjab," ET2, III,
359-61 (J. Chelhod). The point of discussion here is whether Juwayriyyah was the
Prophet's wife or concubine.
816. See note 234, above. According to Lane's lexicon, Barrah as a proper name
means "obedience."
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 185
817. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 49; idem, Tabagat, 343 ; al-Baladhuri, Ansab,
I, 442-44; In Ishaq, Siyar, 264-65.
818. Of the Hilal, a clan of the Banu `Amir b . Sa`sa`ah. See Khalifah b . Khayyat,
Ta'rrikh, 49; idem, Tabagat, 338; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 444 - 47; Ibn Ishaq, Siyar,
266-67.
186 Biographies
proached her she said "I seek God's protection against you,"822
whereupon the Prophet said "You have asked the protection of a
mighty one; go [back] to your family."
According to `Abdallah b. ja`far-`Abd al-Wahid b. Abi Awn-
Ibn Mannah: She uttered the formula "I seek God's protection"
(a`udhu bi-Alldh) against the Prophet, for she had been dumb-
founded and had lost her mind. [Later], whenever she asked per-
mission to enter and see the Prophet's wives, she would say "I am
the miserable one" and "I have been cheated."
According to Muhammad b. `Abdallah-[Ibn Shihab] al-Zuhrl:
It was Fatimah bt. al-Dahlhak b. Sufyan, who uttered the formula [2455]
"I seek God's protection" against the Prophet, and he divorced
her. [Afterward], she used to collect camel dung and say "I am the
miserable one."
The Prophet had married [the Kilabiyyah] in Dhu al-Qa`dah
8/February-March 630. She died in the year 6o/October 13, 679-
September 30, 680.
According to `Abdallah b. Sulayman-`Amr b. Shu`ayb-his
father-his grandfather: The Prophet had already consummated
his marriage with her, but when he gave his wives the option [to
leave him]823 she opted for her clan, so he divorced her. [After-
ward], she used to collect camel dung and say "I am the miserable
one."
According to `Abdallah b. ja`far-Musa b. Said and Ibn Abi
`Awn: The Prophet divorced her only because she had leprosy.824
According to `Abdallah b. Ja`far, Ibn Abi Sabrah, and `Abd
a1-`Aziz b. Muhammad-[Yazid] Ibn a1-Had-Tha`labah b. AbI
Malik-Husayn b. `Ali: The Prophet married a woman of the Banu
`Amir who would peep at the people in the mosque825 whenever
he went out. The Prophet's wives informed him about it, and he
said "You lie about her," but they said "We will show her to you
while she is peeping." He said "Agreed." They showed her to him
while she was peeping, and he divorced her. Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]
said: I told this story to `Ubaydallah b. Said b. AbI Hind, and he
told me on the authority of his father: She uttered the formula "I
seek God's protection against you," so he returned her [to her
family].
The Prophet married no other woman of the Banu `Amin; also he
never married anyone of the Kindah, except the Jawniyyah.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]-Ibrahim b. Wathimah-
Abu Wajzah [Yazid b. `Ubayd]: The Prophet married her in Dhu al-
Qa'dah 8/February-March 630, on returning from al-Ji`ranah.
According to Abu Mus`ab Ismail b. Mus`ab-an old man from
her clan: She died in the year 60/679-80.
[2456] According to Hisham b. Muhammad [al-Kalbi]-al-`Arzami-
Nafi` [client of `Abdallah b. `Umar]-[`Abdallah] Ibn `Umar:
Among the Prophet's wives was one Sand bt. Sufyan b. `Awf b.
Ka'b b. Abi Bakr b. Kilab.826
[Hisham b. Muhammad citing `Abdallah] Ibn `Umar: The
Prophet sent Abu Usayd [Malik b. Rabi`ah] al-Sa`idi827 to ask a
woman of the Banu `Amir in marriage on his behalf. Her name was
`Amrah bt. Yazid b. 'Ubayd b. Ruwas b. Kilab. The Prophet mar-
ried her; then it came to his knowledge that she had leprosy, so he
divorced her.
Hisham [b. Muhammad]-a man of the Banu Abi Bakr b. Kilab:
The Prophet married al-`Aliyah bt. Zabyan b. `Amr b. `Awf b. Ka`b
b. Abd b. Abi Bakr b. Kilab. She stayed with him for a while; then
he divorced her.
been married to a relative of hers, but he died, and she lost her
way. Her heart inclines to you, and she wants [to marry] you." The
Prophet [agreed to] marry her [and pay] twelve and a half ounces [of
gold]. Al-Nu`man said " 0 Messenger of God, do not show con-
tempt for her by [being stingy] with the bridal gift." The Prophet
said " I never gave more than that as bridal gift for any of my wives, [2457]
and I never give any of my daughters more than that as dowry."830
Al-Nu`man said: " It is you who set the example; 0 Messenger of
God, send for your wife! I shall go with your messenger and send
your wife [to you] with him." The Prophet sent Abu Usayd al-
Sa`idi [with al-Nu`man] . When they came to her she was sitting in
her tent and gave him permission831 to come in. Abu Usayd then
said "The Prophet's wives should not be seen by men." Abu Usayd
[later] related "This was after the verse of the Veil (hijdb) was
revealed."832 She sent to Abu Usayd a message, saying "Show me
the right thing to do." He said "[Put] a veil between yourself and
the men you talk with, except those who are your close rela-
tives."833 She did that. Abu Usayd related: I stayed there for three
days, then left carrying a woman in a litter on a camel . I brought
her to Medina and lodged her with the Banu Sa'idah. The women
of the clan, glad about her [coming], went in to greet her. They
came out talking about her beauty, and the news of her arrival
spread in Medina. I went to the Prophet, who was staying with the
Banu `Amr b. `Awf, and told him [about it]. [Meanwhile], a woman
came in to see her, having heard [from the other women ] about her
beauty, of which they knew. She was one of the most beautiful of
all women. [That] woman said to her "You are of royal blood,834
and, if you want to gain favor with the Prophet, utter the formula
'I seek God's protection from you'; in this way you will gain his
favor, and he will like you."835
830. The term used in both cases is sadaq . Obviously there is no distinction
here between bridal gift paid by the groom and the dowry given to the bride by her
family. See pp . 164, 186, and notes 738 , 820, above.
831. The text shifts to the singular because the following issue, that of the
Prophet's women talking to strangers , obviously does not concern al-Nu`man, the
woman's father.
832. Qur' an 33:53; see note 813, above.
833. That is, those unattainable to you in marriage.
834. The Al al-Dawn were the kings of Kindah.
835. Seep . 165, above.
Igo Biographies
notorious among the Arabs." She called Abu Usayd and said
"What happened happened; what shall I do now?" He answered:
"Stay in your home and keep yourself veiled, except in the pres-
ence of your close relatives. No one should want [to marry] you
after the Prophet, for you are one of the Mothers of the Faithful."
She stayed [like that], no one wishing [to marry] her and no one
seeing her except her close relatives, until she died at her family's
place in Najd, during the caliphate of `Uthman b. `Affan.
According to Hisham b. Muhammad [al-Kalbi]-Zuhayr b. Mu-
`awiyah al-Ju'fi: She died of sorrow.
According to al-Harith-Muhammad b. Suhayl-Abu `Ubaydah
Ma'mar b. al-Muthanna: The Prophet married a Yemeni woman by
the name of Asma' bt. al-Nu`man b. al-Jawn b. Sharahil b. al-
Nu'man, of the Kindah. When he went to see her and invited her [to
approach] him she said "[No], you approach me!" She refused to
approach him, so he divorced her.
According to others: She was the most beautiful of all women,
and the Prophet's wives were afraid that she would gain prece-
dence with him over them, so they told her "We think that, when
he approaches you, you should say 'I seek God's protection from
you."' So when he approached her she said "I seek the Merciful's
protection from you, if you are God fearing." He said "You sought
protection in a [good] Protector; anyone who seeks God's protec-
tion should be granted it, and God indeed protects you from me."
So he divorced her and ordered al-Saqit b. `Amr al-Ansari to equip
her; then he sent her to her clan. She used to call herself "the
wretched one."
836. A black slave girl who took care of the Prophet as a child. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 331; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 471-72, 476.
192 Biographies
837. The clan of the Prophet's milk mother, of the Hawazin confederation; see
Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 265.
838. A descendant of the eminent Ansari `Amr b. I;Iazm; see Ibn Hajar, Isdbah,
II, 5i2. His son Muhammad b. Abi Bakr was also judge in Medina ; see Waki`, I,
135-48, 175-78. The family is associated with transmission of historical tradi-
tions and legal material; see F . Sezgin, I, 284.
839. Of the Qurashi clan the Banu Abd Shams . She was Uthman b. `Affan's
mother; see Ibn Qudamah, 227.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 193
840. An early convert, daughter of the Prophet's closest Companion. See Ibn
Qudamah, 316; "Asma' bint Abi Bakr," EI2, I, 713-14 (H. A. R. Gibb).
841. That is, the first so-called civil war, in the aftermath of `Uthman's murder
(36/656). Said (b. al-`As b. Said b. al-`As b. Umayyah) was a member of the Um-
ayyad family who served `Uthmin and Mu'awiyah as governor of al-Kufah and
Medina, respectively. He died during the caliphate of Mu`iwiyah. "Said b. al-`As,"
ETz, VIII, 853 (C. E. Bosworth); al-Zubayri, 176-78; Ibn IIajar, Isabah, II, 47-48.
842. October 6 was a Sunday, according to Cattenoz' tables.
843. The Arabic name given to the patriarch of Alexandria; see "al-Muqawqas,"
EIz, III, 511-13 (K. Ohrenberg).
844. Al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 1591; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 448-51.
194 Biographies
[2462] eunuch called Mabur. Al-Muqawqas sent all this [to the Prophet]
with Hatib b. Abi Balta'ah. The latter suggested to Mariyah that
she embrace Islam and made her wish to do so; thus she and her
sister were converted, whereas the eunuch adhered to his religion
until he was [also] converted later in Medina, while the Prophet
was [still] alive.
The Prophet admired Umm Ibrahim, who was fair-skinned and
beautiful. He lodged her in al-'Aliyah, at the property nowadays
called the mashrabah of Umm Ibrahim. He used to visit her there
and ordered her to veil herself, [but] he had intercourse with her by
virtue of her being his property.845 When she became pregnant
[and her time was due] she gave birth there, the midwife being
Salma, the Prophet's client. Abu Rafi`, Salma's husband, brought
the Prophet the news of Ibrahim's [birth], and the Prophet gave
him a slave as a present. This occurred in Dhu al-IHijjah 8/March-
April 630.
The Ansar argued among themselves about who would [mind]
Ibrahim, because they wanted Mariyah to have her hands free for
the Prophet, knowing how he loved her.
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi]: Mariyah was from Hafn,
from the Ansina district.846
According to Usamah b. Zayd al-Laythi-al-Mundhir b.
`Ubayd-`Abd al-Rahman b. Hassan b. Thabit-his mother Sirin,
Mariyah's sister, whom the Prophet had given to Hassan b.
Thabit, and she bore him `Abd al-Rahman. She said: "I saw the
Prophet when Ibrahim died. I was crying loudly and my sister
[too], and he never forbade us to cry loud1y.847 Al-Fadl b. al-'Abbas
washed Ibrahim's body while the Prophet and al-`Abbas were
seated. I then saw the Prophet at the grave's edge, al-`Abbas [stand-
[2463] ing] beside him. Al-Fadl and Usamah b. Zayd [b. Ilarithah] des-
cended into the grave.848 The sun was eclipsed that day, and peo-
ple said "The sun is eclipsed because of Ibrahim's death," but the
845. That is, Mariyah was ordered to veil herself as did the Prophet's wives, but
he did not marry her. Cf. p. 184, above.
846. In Upper Egypt, see Yaqut, Mu`jam al-bulddn, I, 381.
847. The issue alluded to here is mourning customs, debated in the Muslim
community. See p. 156 and note 179, above.
848. See p. 11, above.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 195
Prophet said "The sun will not be eclipsed for anyone's death or
life."
The Prophet saw an opening in the grave and ordered that it be
stopped up. He was asked about it and said: "It does neither harm
nor good, but the living are pleased [when it is done] . When a man
does something, God prefers that he do it properly."
According to Ibn Umar [al-Wagid.i]-Musa b. Muhammad b.
`Abd al-Rahman-his father: Abu Bakr supported Mariyah until
his death; then `Umar during his caliphate did the same until she
died.849
According to Ibn `Umar [al-Wagidi] : Mariyah, mother of
Ibrahim, son of the Prophet, died in Muharram 16/February 637.
`Umar was seen assembling people to attend her [funeral]; then he
said the prayer over her bier . Her grave is in al-BagF.
849. The Prophet 's wives were entitled to regular pensions, but not Mariyah,
who was not married to him.
85o. Idha dakhala al-masjid sally `ala al-nabiyy. See note 379 , above.
196 Biographies
851. Sister of All and cousin of the Prophet. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat,
330; Ibn Qudamah, 138; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 459-
8 5 2. A poet and warrior who never embraced Islam but ran away when Mecca
was conquered and died in Najran as an infidel. See In Qudamah, 397; Muham-
mad Ibn Habib, Munammaq, 419.
853. The principle of marrying someone of the same social status, wealth, and
the like (kafa'ah) was maintained in pre-Islamic times and continued afterward as
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 197
Umm Hani' later embraced Islam, a fact that separated her from
Hubayrah.854 The Prophet asked her to marry him, but she said
"By God, I used to love you in the Jahiliyyah, so I certainly do so in
Islam, but I have young children, and I hate to [see them] bothering
you." The Prophet said: "The best women ever to have ridden
camels are the women of the Quraysh. They are the most affec-
tionate toward their small children and the most excellent in
doing good to their husbands when they [the women] are
wealthy.1"855
Umm Hani' outlived the Prophet and transmitted traditions
from him, among them the following. According to Abu Kurayb
[Muhammad b. al Ala']-`Ubaydallah- Isra 'il-al-Suddi [Isma'il
b. `Abd al-Rahman]-Abu Salih [Badham]-Umm Hani': The
Prophet asked me to marry him, but I excused myself, and he
accepted my excuse. God later revealed the verse "We have made
allowable for thee thy wives to whom thou hast given their hires
... those who have emigrated with thee, "856 so I became unlaw-
ful to him because I did not emigrate with him. I was one of those
who were converted to Islam against their will (tulaga').857
well. See "Kafd'ah," EI2, IV, 404 (Y. Linant de Bellefonds); Shukri, 34-42.
854. Seep. 15, above.
855. Cf. P. 171, above.
856. See Qur'an 33:49; trans. Bell, II, 416.
857. Tulaga' is a designation of the Meccans who were converted after the
conquest of the town, having opposed the Prophet until then; see Kister, "On
Strangers and Allies," 15 3. Umm Hani' s statement is inconsistent with the former
story, in which the Prophet asked for her in marriage after she had embraced Islam
and left her pagan husband.
858. Paternal cousin of the Prophet. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 331; Ibn
Qudamah, 141.
859. Duba`ah was not in fact 'Ali's sister but a cousin.
198 Biographies
86o. Sometimes called Umm Hakim. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 331;
Ibn Qudamah, 141; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, Iv, 442-43.
861. Twin sister of `Abdallah, the Prophet's father. See al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I,
88, III (Duri), 311; Ibn Qudamah, 173.
862. A member of the Umayyad family and an enemy of the Prophet. He was
one of the two Qurashi captives who were executed by Muhammad after the battle
of Badr; see Ibn Qudamah, 210.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 199
868. Wa-min ghara 'ib nisa ' al-`arab. Gharibah, literally, "stranger," is a woman
who enters the clan by exogamic marriage. That the Quraysh are meant here is
clear from the following biographical details.
869. A member of the `Amin clan the Banu Hilal. See al-Baladhuri , Ansab, I,
447, III (Duri), 1-2; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 338 (who seems to confuse her
with her sister); Muhammad Ibn Habib , Muhabbar, 107, 455.
870. A tribe believed by some to be of northern, by others of southern, descent.
See "Khath`am," E12, IV, 1105-6 (G. Levi Della Vida); Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add,
356-61; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 390-92.
871. Ibn Sa'd, W/r , 2, VIII, 203. I found a few persons with the name of `Abdallah
b. Yazid, but none seemed to me to fit the present context . The only "al -Hilali"
was a rather obscure governor of Armenia ; see Ibn `Abd Rabbihi, II, 468.
202 Biographies
`Abdallah b. Masud's mother, that is, Umm `Abd bt. `Abd Wadd
b. Sawa' b. Quraym b. Sahilah b. Kahil b. al-Harith b. Tamim b.
Sad b. Hudhayl b. Mudrikah b. al-Yas b. Mudar.877
Her mother was Hind bt. `Abd b. al-Harith b. Zuhrah b. Kilab.
Umm `Abd embraced Islam and gave the Prophet the oath of
allegiace. She transmitted from him the following [tradition]. Ac- [2471]
cording to Muhammad b. Mu`awiyah al-Anmati-`Abbad b.
al-`Awwam-Aban-Ibrahim-`Algamah [b. Qays al-Nakha`i]-
`Abdallah [b. Masud]-his mother, who related that she [once]
spent the night with them and the Prophet got up [in the night]
and prayed. She said "I saw him standing long in [that night]
prayer (witr) before prostrating himself."
with us." She said881 "With you." He said "So go with my wife
Umm Salamah." She related: So I was with Umm Salamah.882
Umm Sharik.885
She transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to `Amr b. Baydaq-Sufyan-`Abd al-Hamad b.
Jubayr b. Shaybah-Sa`id b. al-Musayyab-Umm Sharik: The
Prophet had ordered her to kill lizards.886
According to Yiinus [b. `Abd al-A`la]-[`Abdallah] In Wahb-
['Abd al-Malik] Ibn Jurayj-`Abd al-Hamad b. Jubayr b. Shaybah-
Sa`Id b. al-Musayyab-Umm Sharik, a woman of the Banu `Amir
b. Lu'ayy who related that she had asked the Prophet's opinion
about the killing of lizards, and he had ordered her to kill them.
According to Abu Kurayb [Muhammad b. al-`Ala']-`Ubay-
dallah b. Musa-[`Abd al-Malik] Ibn Jurayj-`Abd al-II Iamid b. Ju-
bayr b. Shaybah-Sa'Id b. al-Musayyab-Umm Sharik, who re-
lated that the Prophet had ordered to kill lizards, saying: "They
used to blow on [the Patriarch] Ibrahim."
881. There is a shift here from the first to the third person.
882. The legal issue raised here is the permissibility of the participation of
women in war; see, e.g., al-Fazari, 299-300.
883. Aminah bt. al-Hakam or Abi al-Hakam, mentioned as a source of traditions
for her son Sulayman b. Suhaym; see Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, IV, 169. Ibn Hajar,
Isdbah, IV, 224 promises to supply details on her in another place but fails to do so.
884. Qubbat dhird`. De Goeje's manuscript had q-b-h, which he edited as qub-
bat but prefers to read as qaby. See 2472 n. b; GLOSSARIUM, s.v. q-b-w. Cairo, 624,
and Dar al-Fikr, 629, also have qubbat.
885. A member of the Qurashi clan `Amir b. Lu'ayy. She was one of the women
who offered themselves to the Prophet in marriage. See Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 269, cf.
284; In Qudamah, 489-90; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagdt, 335; al-Baladhuri, An-
sab, I, 422.
886. On the issue of killing and eating lizards, see note 587, above; Cook, "Die-
tary Law," 220-31; Kister, "Locust's Wing," 349.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 205
Umm Marthad.887
She transmitted [traditions] from the Prophet.
According to Ibrahim b. Said al-Jawhari-Muhammad b. Wahb [2473]
b. Abi Karimah al-Harrani-Muhammad b. Maslamah-Abu
`Abd al-Rahim b. al-`Ala'-Muhammad b. `Abdallah b. Abi Sa`sa-
`ah-his father-Umm Kharijah bt. Sa'd b. al-Rabi`-Umm Mar-
thad, who was one of those who gave the Prophet the oath of
allegiance: We [once] went out with the Prophet, and he said "The
first to meet you [on the way] will be one of the dwellers in para-
dise." `Ali [b. Abi Talib] met us.
Umm al-Darda'.888
She transmitted traditions from the Prophet, among them the
following. According to Sa'd b. `Abdallah b. al-IIakam-Abu
Zur'ah [al-Dimashgi]-Abu Haywah [Shurayh b. Yazid]-Abu
Sakhr-`Isa, father of Musa, a client of Ja`far b. Kharijah al-Asadi-
Umm al-Darda': The Prophet met her one day and asked her
"Where do you come from, 0 Umm al-Darda'?" She replied "From
the public bath." He said "By He Who holds my soul in His hand, a
woman who takes off her clothes anywhere but in her home
disgraces herself before God."889
According to al-Rabi` [b. Sulayman]-Asad b. Musa-[`Abdal-
lah] Ibn Lahi'ah-Zabban b. Fa'id-Sahl b. Mu`adh-his father-
Umm al-Darda': I came out of the public bath and met the Prophet,
who asked me "Where do you come from, 0 Umm al-Darda'?" I
replied "From the public bath," whereupon he said "By He Who
holds my soul in His hand, a woman who takes off her clothes
anywhere but in the house of her mother or grandmother890 ut-
terly disgraces herself before the Merciful."
887. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 496; hardly any details are given Cf. 446 (under Umm
Kharijah).
888. Khayrah bt. Abi I;Iadrad, known as a pious and wise woman, a source of
traditions for several Successors. See Ibn Ishaq, Siyar, 14 r, where she is depicted as
actively engaged in seeking knowledge. There is, however, a confusion between
two women of the same name. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 295; Abu Zur'ah, 378; In
Manur, Mukhtasar, VIII, 103.
889. Literally, "tears the veil separating God and herself."
890. Literally, "in the house of one of her mothers."
206 Biographies
891. Her name was Salma; she was an Ansari of the Banu `Adi b. al-Najjar
(Khazraj). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 335; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 332.
892. A battle during the conquest of Iraq, near al-Hirah, in 13/634, where the
Muslims suffered a sound defeat; see Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 174-75-
893. A famous Jewish convert to Islam, the oldest authority on Judeo-Islamic
traditions. See "Ka'b al-Ahbar," EI2, IV, 3r6-17 (M. Schmitz); Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabaqat, 308; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 190; al-Diba', 59-60; Ibn Manzur,
Mukhtasar, XXI, 180-88; Ben Ze'ev.
894. A large Himyari tribe with a royal tradition. See Caskel, II, 67, 237; al-
HimyarI, 169, 180; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 433; Ibn Said, 93.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 207
the Day of Siffin `All's herald called out "Look for Uways al-
Qarani among the dead." They looked and found him. [This is the
report] or some other version of the same meaning.
Suwayd b. Ghafalah.897
897. A Kufan jurist and a haft-7 (expert on tradition), a companion of All, of the
southern tribe Ju'fi. See al-Amin, XXXV, 419-2o; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat,
147; Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 315; al-Quhpa'i, in, 176; al-Sayrawan, 99-100.
898. Son of `Ali by a wife other than Fatimah, daughter of the Prophet. While he
stayed in the Hijaz a revolt was led on his behalf in al-Kufah by al-Mukhtar b. Abi
Ubayd, in the years 685-87. "Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya," EI2, VII, 402-3 (F.
Buhl); Sharon, Black Banners, 104-9, 112-19 and passim; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
103; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 53-54, (Mahmudi) 276-96.
899. That is, of the Banu Hanifah tribe, dwellers in al-Yamamah, in the central
eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula.
goo. Ibn Sa`d, V, 66.
901. There is nothing to support this claim in the version of the treaty recorded
by al-Tabari himself, where the Muslims received as booty "half the prisoners"
(obviously releasing the other half), regardless of their origin; see al-Tabari, Ta'r-
Ikh, I, 1954. Needless to say, the woman's pedigree as recorded here does not
support this claim either.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 2og
907. In view of the enmity between the Hashimi and the Umayyad clans, it is
conceivable that the descendants of `Abdallah denied that he held office on behalf
of the Umayyads.
908. Appointed over the Hamdan on behalf of All. See Nasr b. Muzahim, 105;
In Hibban, Mashdhfr, 166; idem, Thigat, IV, 291; al-Amin, XXXV, 122-23; Ibn
Sa'd, VI, 118. I could not find his clan in any of the genealogical and historical
sources (including the Yemeni ones); except for Ibn Sa'd, and al-Zabidi, Taj
al-`arras, V, 566, all the sources trace him to Khaywan, a known tribe of the Ham-
dan (read Khaywan for Khayran, as erroneously recorded in several sources). See
also pp. 151, above, 237, below.
909. A much-admired member of the Khazraj (Ansar) and a close Companion of
the Prophet, who sent him as his representative to the Yemen. Vast knowledge of
religious law is imputed to him; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 427.
910. The fourth Shl'i Imam, Zayn al-`Abidin, who survived the massacre of
Karbala' and fathered the next generations of the imams. He was nevertheless on
good terms with the Umayyad al-Walid b. `Abd al-Malik. See Jafri, 242-47; al-
Tabataba'i, 75, 201-2; Ibn Qudamah, 131-33; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 238-
39; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhfr, 104; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Mahmudi), 146-47, 273
and passim; Ibn Sa'd, V, 156-64.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 211
932. Grandson of the caliph Mu`awiyah and brother of Mu`awiyah H. When the
latter died Khalid was considered too young to rule, and Marwan b. al-Ilakam
headed the clan and ascended the throne; see "Khalid b. Yazid," EI2, IV, 929-30 (M.
Ullmann(.
933 That is, by falsely ascribing traditions to him.
934 The permissibility of writing down the Prophetic Tradition was debated
among Muslim scholars. See Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 181-88; Sprenger; and
cf. P. 256, below.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 217
935 A Khariji sect that differed from the rest of the Khawarij in that they
rejected execution of the women and children of sinners; see al-Baghdadi, Farq, 54.
936. Ibn Sa'd, V, 216.
937. Ibid.
938. Ibid.
939. A Hijazi bedouin classical poet, whose poetry was mainly dedicated to his
love for `Azzah, on one hand, and to his Shi`i convictions, on the other; see
" Kuthayyir b. `Abd al-Rahman," EI2, V, 5 51-5 3 (I. `Abbas).
940. The only point of this sentence is the play on words contained in it. The
Arabic word for "met " also means "agreed," so that "met" and "were different" are
in fact antonyms (ijtima ` and ikhtilafj.
941. Nazrah . The reference is to the theological discussion of sin . The Khawarij
saw it as their duty to fight and kill sinners, whereas others held that judgment
should be postponed to judgment Day. The latter are better known as Murji 'ah. See
Madelung, "The Early Murji 'a"; Givon, "The Murji'a"; `Athaminah, "The Early
Murji 'a"; Cook, Early Dogma, 23-47; Lambton, 21-27, 32-35.
218 Biographies
942. Rajah. On this creed, see Sachedina, 151, 166-73. I thank my colleague,
Dr. Meir Bar-Asher, for this reference.
943. Traveling around the centers of scholarship (al-rihlah fi talab al-'ilm) was
very common among medieval Muslim scholars; see Eickelman and Piscatori. The
purpose was usually to study with famous teachers, but here the emphasis is on
`Ikrimah's teaching, not learning.
944. In Sa'd, V, 213.
945. A famous Kufan jurist and traditionist. See Schacht, Origins, 230-31 and
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 219
passim; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 157; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 163; al-
Sayrawan, 105-6; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XI, 249-64.
946. In Sa`d, VI, 171-78.
947. See note 444, above.
948. A measure of length, about 8 inches.
949. Vocalized ayyam wakhzahid, which I suggest should be read as ayyama
wakhzi haydin "the time of the fearful plague." Wakhz means plague, and the root
h-y-d denotes great fear. Ibn Durayd, 524, explains that "hayd was a plague which
occurred in ancient times," in which case the rendering will be "the plague of
Hayd." See Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 537 n. 4, cf. Ibn Manzur, Lisan, III, 442, S.V.
h-y-d. The variants adduced by de Goeje, in Tabart, Ta'rikh, 2486 n. c, suggest that
the expression was not very well understood. Note especially Ibn Sa`d's wa-ma
wakhzahid "what is wakhzahid anyway?" apparently an addition by a transmitter
or a scribe.
950. Cf. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 536-37.
951. Cf. al-IIimyari, 165, where the genealogy varies.
220 Biographies
offspring dwelled and where Hassan was buried. He and his off-
[2487] spring were called after this mountain, and those [of them] who
lived in al-Kufah were called Sha`biyyun, among them `Amir al-
Sha`bi. Those [of them] who lived in Syria were called Sha-
`baniyyun, whereas those who remained in the Yemen were called
Al Dhi Sha'bayn. [Still others] lived in Egypt and the Maghrib, and
they were called al-Ash`ub. These are all the offspring of Hassan b.
`Amr Dhu al-Sha'bayn.952
The clan of `Amir b. Sharahil b. `Abd al-Sha'bi was the Banu `Ali
b. Hassan b. `Amr. They had joined the Alhmur of the Hamdan in
the Yemen and were registered as part of them.953 The Ahmur954
included the Kharif, al-$d'idiyyun, Al Dhi Bariq, al-Sabi`, Al Dhi
Juddan, Al Dhi Radwan, Al Dhi La'wah, Al Dhi Marran, and the
bedouin of the Hamdan, that is, `Udhar, Yam, Nihm, Shakir, and
Arhab.
Many tribal groups of the Himyar joined the Hamdan, among
them the offspring of DhI Hawal, who had been the commander of
Tubba"s military vanguard.955 To this clan belongs Ya'fur b. al-
Sabbah, the present lord of San`a"s provinces.956
Al-Sha`bI's kunyah was Abu `Amr; he was a thin, lean person.
He was skilled in Muslim law and knowledgeable [in general], a
transmitter of poetry, traditions, and accounts of battles.
Tawus b. Kaysan.957
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Ralhman.
964. Ibn Sa'd, VII/i, 114. Maysan is a town in southern Iraq taken by the Mus-
lims during the conquests; see Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 213-r4.
965. Marasil, sing. mursal. Such a tradition was considered inferior to one with
a full chain of transmission.
966. Akhadhahd minhum wa-'anhum, literally, "that he received from them
and on their authority." As a rule, the earlier Muslim scholars preferred direct
personal contact between master and pupil and were suspicious of those who cited
written records; see Schoeler.
967. That is, he wrote it down from dictation, a procedure that made the use of
written records acceptable. The kitab of this period is not "a book" in the modern
sense of the word but any written record.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 223
marks: The doubt is mine. In my notes I have Ibn `Umar. [The last
scholar to have died] in al-Basrah was Anas b. Malik, in al-Kufah
`Abdallah b. Abi Awfa, and in Damascus Abu Umamah [al-Bahill,
Sudayy b. `Ajlan]."
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini]-Abu Islhaq-al-
Hasan: I went to see al-Hajjaj, and he said: "0 Hasan, what makes
you so impertinent to me? In addition [to everything else] you sit
in our mosque to give legal opinions!" I said "The covenant by
which God pledged mankind." Al-Hajjaj then said "And what do
you think about Abu Turab?" meaning `Ali b. Abi Talib. I said
"What can I say, except what God says?" He retorted "And what
does God say?" I answered: "'We appointed the qiblah, which
thou hast been observing, only that We might know those who
would follow the messenger from those who would turn on their
heels, though it was a big thing except to those whom Allah
guided'974 and `Ali was one of those directed by God to the right
[2491] way." Al-Hajjaj raged and bent down, striking the ground. I went
out, and no one stood in my way. Then I went into hiding until he
died.
Al-Hasan was in hiding nine years.
According to al-I;Iarith-Da'ud b. al-Muhabbar-al-Rabi' b.
Subayh-al-Hasan: The [interdiction] of slander does not apply in
cases of transgressors openly declaring their transgression or peo-
ple following devious doctrines975 or unjust rulers.
According to al-Harith-al-`Abbas b. al-Fall al-`Abdi-[Sufyan]
Ibn `Uyaynah-Abu Musa: When al-Hasan left al-Hajjaj he said: "I
come from a little squinting man, a short [person] wagging the few
hairs he has and pointing at me with short fingers that rarely knew
[the touch of ] reins [of the horses led to] holy war. By God, even
though they ride non-Arabian horses976 and climb the pulpits, the
dishonor of sin is pendant from their necks. God refuses to do
anything but disgrace those who disobey Him; He will not cease
to teach them lessons [by afflicting ] their persons and to use them
as examples for the believers. 0 God, kill him as he killed Your
sunnah. "977
According to al-Harith-Khalid b. Khidash-`Umarah b.
Zadhan al -Saydalani : I saw al-Hasan wearing an `Adam garment,
streaky and marked with crosses , with an Egyptian shirt from
Shatah and sandals like those used by people belonging to the
futuwwah orders.978
According to al-Harith-`Ali b. Muhammad-`Abdallah b.
Muslim: Some sweetmeat was brought to al-Hasan , and he said to
his son Said " Come, my son, eat from it ." Said said "I am afraid of
the consequences," whereupon al-Hasan replied " 0 my son, [this
is] the best wheat [mixed] with bees' honey and pure butter; no bad
consequence can ever result from this ," or [perhaps] he said "no
evil can ever result from this."
According to Yiinus-Musa -Sahl b. Husayn b. Muslim al- [2492]
Bahili: I sent [a message ] to `Abdallah b. al-Hasan b. Abi al -Hasan,
saying: " Send me the writings of your father." He sent me [a reply]
saying: "When al-Hasan had fallen ill he told me ' Collect [my
writings] for me .' I did this, not knowing what he would do with
them, and brought them to him. He then told the maid to kindle
the oven and ordered [the writings ] to be burned, except one note-
book ." [`Abdallah b. al-Hasan] sent me that [notebook].979 I later
met him, and he told me personally the same [story ] the mes-
senger had conveyed to me on his behalf.
According to `Ali b. Sahl-Damrah b. Rabi'ah-Ibn Shawdhab:
Al-Hasan died in the year i io/April 16, 728-April 4, 729, whereas
Ibn Shin died a hundred days later.
977. On the " killing" of the Sunna, i.e., the customs and practices of the Proph-
et, see Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 31-37.
978. Cf. Ibn Sa'd, VII/r, 126. Hadhw a]-fityan could also mean "sandals like
those used by young people." For the orders, widespread in medieval Muslim urban
communities, see "Futuwwah ," EI2, II, 961-65 ( C. Cahen).
979. "Notebook " is my rendering of salufah, whereas "writings" is my transla-
tion of kutub (sing. kitab), normally rendered as "books"; see note 965, above. This
passage, like many others describing the burning or effacing of early writings, is
pertinent to the discussion about the existence of early writings ; see Landau-
Tasseron, "Reconstruction" and the bibliography there; and on sahifah , Goldziher,
Muslim Studies, II, 22-24; Abroad, 256-69,318-26; "Sahifa," E12, VIII, 834-35 (A.
Ghedira).
226 Biographies
Muhammad b. Sirin.983
His kunyah was Abu Bakr, and he was a client of Anas b. Malik.
It was reported that he was deaf.
According to Ibn Sa`d984-Khalid b. Khidash -Hammad b.
Zayd-Anas b . Sirin: Muhammad b . Sirin was born two years
before the end of `Uthman's caliphate, whereas I was born one year
later.
According to Bakkar b. Muhammad : Muhammad b . Sirin fa-
thered thirty children, all of them from the same woman, but
none survived except `Abdallah b. Muhammad.
983. "Ibn Sirin," E12, III, 947-48 (T. Fahd); Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 354
idem, Tabagat, 210; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 143
984. Ibn Sa'd, VII / 1, 140.
985. Of Persian-Yemeni origin, one of the earliest storytellers and historians
whose writings have come down to us, author of a biography of the Prophet preced-
ing that of Ibn Ishaq. He is said to have met many Companions and to have been
closely associated with `Abdallah b . ` Abbas for many years. See Khoury , Wahb, I,
189-316; Krenkow, "The Two Oldest Books ," 230-34; Duri, Rise of Historical
Writing, 122-35 and passim; al-Razi, 367 -68, 372-411, 609; al-Ja'di, 57;
Nuwayhid, II, 721.
986. Wahb had several brothers , the most famous being Hammam b . Munabbih.
Also known to the Yemeni biographer al-Razi are Ma ' qil the jurist and Ghaylan;
see al-Razi, 370-71 , 415-17, 421 , 585, 6o, , 607; Duri, Rise of Historical Writing,
134; P . 322, below.
987. A descendant of Wahb and transmitter of his material; see Khoury, Wahb, I,
184-88, 291 -92 and passim.
228 Biographies
988. Mentioned as a Shi`i transmitter, al-Quhpa'i, IV, 141, and a Qur'an inter-
preter; Nuwayhid, I, 347; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 366. Jadilah was the name
of several tribal groups, one of them belonging to the northern confederation of
Qays `Aylan; see Caskel, II, 252, and p. 276, below.
989. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 212-13.
990. A grandson of the Kindi chief al-Ash'ath b. Qays. `Abd al-Rahman b.
Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath was one of the tribal nobles (ashrap, governor of Sistan,
and an army general. He led a revolt against the Umayyads during the years 700-3.
See Hawting, First Dynasty, 67-70; Crone, Slaves, iio-ii, no. 21; "Ibn al-
Ash`ath," E12, 111, 715-19 (L. Veccia-Vaglieri); Sayed.
991. One of al-Hajjaj's relatives, appointed by him as a military commander and
governor of Sind. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 1200, 1257, 1271, 1275; Crone, Slaves,
135 no. 25.
992. See p. 212, above. Here the curse is used as a test of loyalty to the
Umayyads.
993 A Syrian of northern descent, appointed governor of Rayy and later of
Khurasan, by al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf. He was killed in an attempt to rebel against the
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 229
Umayyad caliph Sulayman . See Crone, Slaves, 136 - 38 no. 33; "Kutayba b. Mus-
lim," E12, V, 541-42 (C. E. Bosworth).
994. Of the northern tribe of Fazarah , a branch of the confederation of Ghatafan.
See "Fazara," EI2, II, 873 (W. M. Watt); Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 255-59. He was an
army general and governor of Iraq and Khurasan under the Marwanids ; see Crone,
Slaves, 107.
995. Son of the eminent Ansari Abu Said al -Khudri . See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 357; idem, Tabagat, 253; In Hibban, Mashahir, 117.
996. That is, Muhammad al-Bagir, the fifth imam according to the Imami and
Ismaili Shi `ah. See "Muhammad b. `Ali al-Bagir," E12, VII, 397-400 ( E. Kohlberg);
JaM, 248-55 ; Tabataba'i, 202- 3; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 103.
997. On the importance of the mantle, taylasan, see al-Suyuti, al-A1ladith al-
hisan.
230 Biographies
Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah.1000
Opinions about his kunyah differ. Some say it is Abu Muham-
mad. However, according to Ibn Sa`d'001-al-Fadl b. Dukayn-
Abu Isra'il: Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah's kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
There is also disagreement over [the tribe] to which he was
affiliated [as client]. According to Ibn Sa'd he was a client of the
Kindah. `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini] said: Al-Hakam b.
998. Sadagat al-nabi. The status of the property left behind by the Prophet was
disputed. Whereas his family demanded that it should be considered as inheri-
tance, the rulers insisted that prophets do not leave inheritance and that their
property should become waqf or sadagah to be used for charitable purposes. The
discussion had political implications for authority after the Prophet's death; see
Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, roe.
999 Hadhihi tuwafff if thamaniyan (sic) wa-khamsin wa-mata laha. The text
(also Dar al-Fikr, 648, Cairo, 641) is obviously garbled, as are the variants in Ibn
Sa'd, V, 238, and Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, IX, 312. In the latter this confusion led to a
further misunderstanding. Perhaps the text should read wa-ma talaha "and what
follows," in the sense of "and more." Such a copyist's error is possible if the alif
was at some point written above, rather than after, the lam (as in the word hadha).
iooo. Not to be confused with the judge al-Hakam b. Uyaynah. See Ibn Hajar,
Tahdhib, II, 372; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 162.
1001. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 231.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 231
`Utaybah was a Kind!, but some say he was an Asadi, that is, a
client of that tribe.
Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah was erudite [especially in] religious law
and transmitted many traditions.
According to `Abd al-Rahman b. Salih-Nuh b. Darraj-Ibn Ab!
Layla: I was visiting al-Hakam when Da'ud al-Awd! came to him
and said "People allege that you denigrate Abu Bakr and `Umar."
He retorted "I do not, but I contend that `Al! is better than they
are. "1002
According to Abu al-Sa'ib-[`Abd al-Mun`im] Ibn Idrls-
Shu`bah [b. al-Hajjaj]: Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah died in the year
rr5/February 21, 733-February 9, 734.
According to Muhammad b. Ismail-Abu Nu`aym al-Fall b.
Dukayn: Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah died in the year i 15.
root. The evaluation of the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and `Umar, versus the
fourth caliph, the Prophet's cousin All b. Abi Talib, played a crucial role in the
debate between Sunnis and Shi 'is around the legitimacy of rulers in Islam. Cf. al-
Tabari, Sarih al-sunnah, 23-24; al-Lalika'i, VII, 1363-72; al-Ash`ari, Magalat, 74-
75; al-Khallal, al-Sunnah, 371-410.
1003. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 118.
1004. A convert of a Medinan Jewish tribe annihilated by the Prophet, the Bann
Qurayzah. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363; idem, Tabaqat, 264; Ibn Hibban,
Mashdhir, 107; F . Sezgin, I, 32.
1005. A Basran of the Sadus , a branch of the Shayban tribe; see Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 317 - 18. He was considered an expert on religious law and the Qur'an.
See "Katida b. Di`ama," E12, IV, 748 (C. Pellat); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363;
idem, Tabagat, 213; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 154; al-Sayrawan, 266; Ibn al-Jazari, II,
25.
232 Biographies
roio. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 365; idem, Tabaqat, 162; Ibn Hibban, Mash-
ahfr, 178.
1011. The reference is to the arbitration following the battle of Siffin between
`All and Mu`awiyah, in the year 36/657.
1012. The fifth imam according to the Zaydi ShI'ah and the eponym of the sect.
See van Arendonck, 28-33 and passim; jafri, 247-48 251-54; Tabataba'i, 76-77;
al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, ]1, 1668-88, 1698-1715; In Hibban, Mashahir, 104-5; al-
Amin, XXXIII, 37-132; Hasan.
1013. In Sa'd, V, 239.
1014. The tenth Umayyad caliph 1105-.25/724-43); see Hawting, First Dynasty,
81.
1oi 5. Governor of Iraq under the Marwanids. He was a relative (not "a parent,"
as stated by Zettersteen) of the famous general and statesman al-I;Iajjaj b. Yusuf.
See "Yusuf b. `Omar," Ell, N, 1177-78 (K. V. Zettersteen); al-Dhahabi, Siyar, V,
442-44.
234 Biographies
Yusuf sent troops to fight Zayd b. `Ali, and those who had rebelled
in support of Zayd deserted him during the fighting. Zayd was
killed and crucified.
Salim reported: I later told Hisham about Zayd's statement the
day he had come out of his presence, and Hisham said: "May your
mother be bereft of you! Why didn't you tell me this before? A
mere 500,000 dirhams would have satisfied him, and this would
have been easier for us than what became of him."116
[2499] According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]: When the
`Abbasids came to power `Abdallah b. `Ali b. `Abdallah b. 'A-
bbas1017 resolved upon [doing something about] Hisham b. `Abd
al-Malik. He gave the order, and Hisham was dug out of his grave.
`Abdallah had him crucified and said "This is [done] in retaliation
for what he did to Zayd b. `Ali."1018
Zayd was killed on Monday, 2 Safar i2o/January 29, 738 or
122/740, at the age of forty-two, as was reported. He had lived in
Medina and was killed in al-Kufah.
1o16. The report has an obvious anti-Zaydi bias. Zayd, who was out to fight the
oppressors (i.e., the Umayyads) and retrieve the rights of the family of the Prophet,
is here portrayed as a wordly, venal figure.
1017. Uncle of the first and second `Abbasid caliphs and commander of the
`Abbasid army. He rose in rebellion against his nephew al-Mansur, claiming the
caliphate for himself, but was defeated; see Sharon, Revolt, 235-38, 280, 287-88.
1018. On the `Abbasids as patrons of the 'Alids, see Sharon, Revolt, 135-37 and
passim; note I 13, above.
1019. Of the southerngroup, the Hadramawt. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
163; In Hibban, Mashahzr, 77.
Io2o. Ibn Sa'd, VI, 221.
1021. Known as Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 124/742), an early Medinan scholar
and transmitter of prophetic tradition and historical reports, mainly about the
Prophet. See Horovitz, 1928, 33-50; Duri, "al-Zuhri"; idem, Rise of Historical
Writing, 95-121; Abdur Rahman; al-Dari; Lecker, "Biographical Notes"; Mustafa,
I, 157-58.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 235
1022. Or, "A transmitter of accounts of the life of the Prophet and his
Companions."
1023. The initiator of the `Abbasid movement and founder of the dynasty. See
Sharon, Black Banners, 123-28, 134 and passim; Ibn Qudamah, 16o-61; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, III (Duri), 71-72, 8o-87; Ibn Hibbiin, Mashahir, 207; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rzkh, 372; idem, Tabagat, 312.
11024. Named al-Saffah, reigned between 132-36/749-54. See "Abu al-`Abbas,"
EP, I, 103 (S. M. Moscati); Kennedy, 128.
1025. See GLOSSARIUM, S.V. b-r-z.
1026. A large confederation of Yemeni tribes, prominent in the `Abbasid revolu-
tion in al-Kufah; see Sharon, Black Banners, 142-43.
1027. Considered the real founder of the `Abbasid state, reigned 36-58/754-75 ;
see "Al-Mansur," EP, VI, 427-28 (H. Kennedy).
1028. See Sharon, Black Banners, 86, 174, and passim; idem, Revolt, 52, 140,
225, and passim.
236 Biographies
1029. The mountainous area south of the Dead Sea, where the `Abbasid family
settled toward the end of the eighth century. From their dwelling place in the
village of Humaymah they conducted the `Abbasid movement; see Sharon, Black
Banners, 12o.
1030. The eleventh Umayyad caliph, 125-26/743-44; see Hawting, First
Dynasty, 90-94.
1031. Abu Hashim was the leader of the Hashimiyyah movement after the
death of his father Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyyah. This account served as the basis
of the `Abbasid claim to rule, see Sharon, Black Banners, 82-98, 121-40. The
books mentioned here apparently symbolize the knowledge that, according to the
Shi'ah, `Ali inherited from the Prophet and that now lawfully passes into the hands
of the `Abbasids. Alternatively the word could be read kitab (assuming a pendant
alif above the ta'(, referring to Abu Hashim' s testament.
1032. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 214; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 45. He was
considered an expert on tradition (hafiz(; see al-Sayrawan, 69.
1033. Sad b. Lu'ayy was a clan attributed, though hesitantly, to the Quraysh.
See In I;Iazm, famharat, 172-73; Ibn Qudamah, 492.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 237
`Abdallah b. Dinar.1034
He was a client of `Abdallah b. `Umar b. al-Khattab.
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Ralhman. He died in the year 127. [2501]
He had lived in Medina, where he [also] died. He transmitted
many traditions and was reliable (thiqah).
Wahb b. Kaysan.1035
His kunyah was Abu Nu`aym. He was a client of `Abdallah b. al-
Zubayr b. al-`Awwam. He died in the year 127.
Malik b. Dinar.1038
His kunyah was Abu Yahya. He was a client of a woman of the
Banu Samah b. Lu'ayy.1039
According to Ibn `A'ishah: Malik b. Dinar's origins were in Ka-
bul.1040 He was a pious man, an expert on the prophetic tradition
(l.iafiz), and a Qur'an reader. He used to make Qur'an copies [for a
living].
1034. Considered a haft (an expert on the prophetic tradition). See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 263; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 129; al-Sayrawan, 116.
1035. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 398; idem, Tabagat, 260; Ibn Hibban, Mash-
ahfr, 130.
1036. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 369, 403; idem, Tabagat, 263; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahfr, 299.
1037. Perhaps he was rather a client of the family, not of al-Miswar himself,
who died in 64/683.
1038. "Malik b. Dinar," EI2, VI, 266-67 (C. Pellat); Khalifah b. Khayydt, Ta'rfkh,
418; idem, Tabaqat, 216; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 147; Ibn al-Jazari, II, 36.
1039. A clan said to be of Qurashi origin; see In Hazm, Jamharat, 172-74.
1040. The region in eastern Afghanistan. Malik's father came from there as a
prisoner; see Ibn I;lajar, Tahdhib, X, 13.
1041. The tribe Ju`fiyy belonged to the southern confederation Sad al-'Ashirah;
see In Hazm, Jamharat, 409. Jabir was a traditionist accused by Shi`is and Sunnis
alike of telling lies. See Ibn Hazm, 410; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'ril h, 398; idem,
Tabagat, 163; al-Quhpa'i, II, 7-11; al-Kashshi, 169-74.
1042. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 240.
238 Biographies
io5o. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 219, has Khayran , but the correct form is Khaywan, as indi-
cated by an anonymous hand on the manuscript (see de Goeje, 2502 n. b) and
recorded in many other sources; see Ibn al -Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 514; the manu-
scripts of Ibn Hazm ( erroneously corrected by the editor; see 392, n. 7); al-Sam`ani,
II, 433. See also p. 151 and note 908 , above.
1051. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 445; idem, Tabagat, 165; Ibn Hibban, Mash-
ahir, 178. Shayban was a name of several branches of the large northern confedera-
tion of Bakr b. Wail (Rabi`ah), see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 317, 321.
1052. Ibn Sa'd, VI, 241.
1053. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 411; idem, Tabagat, 215; Ibn Hibban, Mash-
ahir, 153.
1054. Much effort was spent in tracing this individual but to no avail.
1055. A Basran traditionist of the southern tribe Tayyi', who settled in al-
Yamamah. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 215; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 304.
240 Biographies
Abu al-Huwayrith.1058
His name was `Abd al-Rahman b. Mu`awiyah. [Sufyan] Ibn
`Uyaynah transmitted [traditions] from him.
According to Yahya: He was a Medinan and a reliable transmit-
ter (thiqah).
According to Muhammad b. Bakkar-Abu Ma'shar [Najih b.
`Abd al-Rahman]-Abu al-Huwayrith `Abd al-Rahman b. Mu`awi-
1056. A term referring to various kinds of tampering with the chains of trans-
mission (isnad) of traditions, e.g., hiding the name of one's source, citing someone
without having directly heard him, or changing the name of a source in the chain;
see al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, 103-12.
1057. Of the Qurashi clan the Banu Taym, known for both piety and generosity.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rfkh, 418; idem, Tabagat, 268; Ibn Hibban, Mashahsr,
107; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 161-62.
1058. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 422; al-Dulabi, I, 16o-61.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 241
yah: God spoke to Moses within the measure that was endurable
to him. Had God spoken all His words, Moses would not have
endured it. Moses stayed forty nights; no one saw him but was
struck dead by the light of the Lord of the Universe.1059
Abu al-Huwayrith lived in Medina, where he died in the year
130.
Shu'ayb b. al-Habhab.1061
He was an inhabitant of al-Basrah, where he died in the year 130.
His kunyah was Abu Salilh. He was one of the clients of the Banu
Rafid, a clan of the Ma`awil who belonged to the Azd [confed-
eration].1062
Mansur b. Zadhan.1063
He lived in al-Mubarak, [a place] situated nine farsakhslo64
away from Wasit.
Mansur used to read fast and could not slow down, [even when]
he wanted to do so.
According to Muhammad b. `Umar [al-Wagidi]: Mansur b.
Zadhan died in the year 129/September 22, 746-September io,
747, [but] according to Yahya b. Main it was in the year
127/October 13, 744-October 2, 745.
1059. In Muslim tradition Moses is said to have been the only prophet to whom
God spoke directly, because of which he was nicknamed kalim allah " the one
spoken to by God." See "Musa ," E12, VII, 638-40 (D . B. MacDonald).
1060. A traditionist and Qur'an reader. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 418;
idem, Tabagat, 260; In Hibban, Mashahir, 216; In al-Jazari, II, 381.
1061. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 418; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 156.
1062. Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 18, has Zafir instead of Rafid . See al-Sam'ani, V, 335, for
the Ma`awil.
1063. A client of a Thagafi, known for his piety and asceticism, reportedly
mourned not only by Muslims but also by Jews, Christians , and Magians. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 217; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 279; Abu Nu`aym, III,
57-62.
1064 . That is, about twenty -seven miles.
242 Biographies
ro65. A Kufan jurist, ascetic, and Qur'an reader of the northern tribe Sulaym.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 429 ; idem, Tabagat, 164; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
263; Ibn al-Jazari, II, 314 - 15. For the tribe, see Lecker, Banu Sulaym.
1o66. Ibn Sa'd, VI, 235.
i 067. Or, "I almost met God with prophetic acts [to my credit]." The question of
meeting God or seeing Him in the hereafter was debated by Muslim theologians;
see, e.g., al-Lalika 'i, III, 454-523.
1o68. A general and governor under the Marwanids ; see Crone, Slaves, 107.
1069. Pious men are often reported to have refused official nominations because
of the iniquity associated with government. See note 323, above. According to
another version, however, Mansur accepted the appointment but was soon
dismissed; see Waki `, III, 145-48.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 243
judge, but Mansur refused . Yusuf sent for him [someone] with
shackles, and he bound him [and brought him to Yusuf ]. Someone
said to Yusuf " Even if you scatter this old man's limbs he will not
accept an office ." Two litigants came, sat down, and spoke, but
Mansur never replied . At that Yusuf exempted Mansur and freed
him.
Mansur was an inhabitant of al-Kufah, where he died in the year
132/August 20, 749-August 8 , 750. He was a ShI I.
1070. Of an aristocratic Ansari family, the Banu Hazm, a branch of the Banu al-
Najjar. He succeeded his father as governor or judge, or both , of Medina and was
killed in the battle of al-Harrah between the Medinans and the Syrian army in the
year 64/683. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 348; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 384, 429;
idem, Tabagat, 237; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 207; Wakr, I, 175-78.
1071. Ibn Sa`d, al-Qism al-mutammim, 282.
1072. A traditionist, jurist, and historian. See F. Sezgin, I, 284; Horovitz, 1928,
22-31.
1073. `Azza al-Ihadith an yugcia bihi? Alternatively, "Is Tradition too exalted to
pass judgment according to it?"
1074. See also Waki`, I, 176. This tradition supports Schacht's view that in the
early period it was not prophetic tradition but rather agreed practice ( the "living
244 Biographies
Safwan b. Sulaym.1075
He was a client of Humayd b. `Abd al-Rahman b. `Awf al-
Zuhri,1076 and his kunyah was Abu `Abdallah. Originally he be-
longed to the `Ibad,1077 [but] he lived in Medina, where he died in
the year 132. He was a reliable [transmitter of traditions] (thiqah),
if God so wills.
sunna" ) that served as the basis for religious law. See Schacht, "A Revaluation";
idem, Origins. See also Waki', 143-44; `Abd al-Malik In Habib, 161.
1075. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 429; idem, Tabagat, 261. He was a Qur'an
reader according to Ibn IHibban , Mashahir, 216 (not recorded by Ibn al-Jazari) and
considered a lhafiz by al-Suyuti; see al-Sayrawan, 103.
1076. Son of a famous Companion of the Prophet, `Abd al-Rahman b. `Awf. See
al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, VII, 378-81; Ibn Sa`d, V, 114-15; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 113.
1077. The `Ibad (whose name means "worshipers of God") were the Christian
Arabs of the kingdom of al-Hirah, which flourished between A.D. the third and
seventh centuries in southern Iraq. The Arab genealogists , however, fitted this
group into the genealogical scheme; see Ibn Hazm , Iarnharat, 422.
1078. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 421; idem, Tabagat, 282; Ibn Qutaybah, 206
(who adds that he was a Qadari).
1079. In Sa`d, V, 355.
1080. The Mu` tazilah was a theological movement founded in al-Basrah in the
second/eighth century; see "Mu`tazila," E12, VII, 783 - 93 (D. Gimaret).
1o81. That is, the jurist in charge of giving opinions in legal issues addressed to
him; see "Fatwa," EI2, II, 866 (E. Tyan).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 245
1082 . The nickname refers to his use of reasoning as a source of religious law;
see p . ooo, below. Rabl'ah was a Medinan haft; and jurist, one of the teachers of
Malik b . Anas, founder of the Maliki school of law . See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 441 ; idem, Tabagat, 268; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashdhir, 131-32; Ibn Qutaybah,
217; al-Sayrawan, 89; Ibn I;lajar, Tahdhib, III, 223-24.
1083. That is, the first `Abbasid caliph, al-Saffah ( 132-36 /749-54).
1084 . An eminent member of the 'Alid family in Medina , father of Muhammad
al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah and his brother Ibrahim, who led a Shi `i revolt against the
caliph al-Mansur in Medina and al-Kufah in the years 144-45/ 761-62. See van
Arendonck, 46-50; Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 448; idem, Tabagat, 258; Ibn
Ilibban, Mashahir, 205; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb III (Malunudi [, 81-91, III (Duri), 90,
150, 165-66 , 234-35.
1085. A city in Iraq on the Euphrates, about 6o km. west of Baghdad; see "al-
Anbar," E12, I, 484-85 (M. Streck [A. A. Duri]j.
246 Biographies
Then they talked again for an hour [until] Abu al-`Abbas dozed off
and then his head bobbed, whereupon `Abdallah recited the fol-
lowing verses:1086
Hasan "Are there infidels among those who pray facing toward
Mecca? " He replied "Yes, the Rafidah."190
1090 . Among Sunni Muslims it is commonly agreed that anyone praying toward
the qiblah and formally professing Islam cannot be considered an infidel, be his
opinions and conduct as they may; see Lewis, chap . 16. Not all the sects share this
attitude. The Rafidah is a term reflecting schisms within the ShI'ah ; it refers either
to the early Shi`ah, the Twelver Shi`ah, or to various other Shi `i sects. See "al-
Rafida,"EI2, VIII, 386-89, (E . Kohlberg).
1091. One of the earliest Kufan historians, genealogists , and Qur'an interpret-
ers, known as "al-Kalb! " (of the southern Kalb confederation) ; he was a Shi'i. See
Conrad, " al-Kalb!"; Duri, Rise of Historical Writing, 51 , 146; F. Sezgin, I, 34;
Mustafa, 190; al-Sayrawan, 276.
1092. Brother of the rival caliph `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr and governor of al-Kufah
on his behalf in the years 64 -71/683-91.
1093. Ibn Sa 'd, VI, 249-50; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 731. The author of the verses is
either 'Abdallah b . Warga' b. `A -zib, or Warga ' himself, a Kufan who served as
commander in the Umayyad shurtah (quasi police force); see al -Tabari, II, 644,
645-46, 648.
248 Biographies
1094. On the battle of Dayr al- Jamajim between al-I;Iajjaj and the rebel Ibn al-
Ash`ath, see "Dayr al-Djamadjim," EI2, II, 196-97 (Salih A. el-`Ali]; al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, II, 1070-77.
1095. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 249-50.
1096. A Kufan traditionist, a hafiz and Qur'an reader. See "al-A`mash," EI2, I,
431 (C. Brockelmann (C. Pellat]j; Khalifahb. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 452; idem, Tabaqat,
164; Ibn Hibban, Mashahzr, 179; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 315-16; al -Sayrawan, 99.
1097. That is, Sad b. Zayd Manah, an important lineage of the confederation of
Tamim; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 215.
1098. That is, the massacre of Karbala'.
1099. The sixth imam according to the Ismaili and Twelver Shi`ah. See "Dja`far
al-Sadik," EI2, II, 374-75 (M. G. S. Hodgson); Tabataba'i, 203-5; Jafri, 259-6o and
passim.
1100. The seventh and last imam according to the Ismaili Shi'ah and the ep-
onymous founder of the sect. See Daftary, 97-99; al-Amin, XII, 299-304.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 249
iioi. Musa al-Kazim , the seventh imam according to the Twelver Shi'ah; see
"Musa al-Kazim," E12, VII, 645-48 (E. Kohlberg).
i 102. One of the most famous `Abbasid caliphs. He ruled between 170-93/786-
809, and his reign is considered the golden era of the caliphate; see Kennedy, 141-
48.
1103. Al-Sindi b. Shahak, a client of the caliph al-Mansur, who served the
`Abbasids in several offices. Among other things he was in charge of the guard and
prison in Baghdad. See al-Sam`ani, III , 320; al-Safadi, XV, 487-88; Ibn Manzur,
Mukhtasar, X, 210.
1'04. That is, the nephew of the first and second `Abbasid caliphs. This mar-
riage between the daughter of the sixth Shi`i imam and a member of the `Abbasid
family points to an attempt at reconciling the Shi`is with the new regime.
iio5. A highly regarded Basran traditionist and expert on rijal, i.e., the biogra-
phies and evaluation of transmitters of tradition. He died in 198/ 812; see Ibn Hajar,
Tahdhib, XI, 190-93.
250 Biographies
i Io6. A theologian and the eponymous founder of one of the law schools, the
Hanafiyyah. See "Abu I;Ianifa," E12, I, 123-24 (J. Schacht); Ibn `Abd al-Barr, al-
Intiga', 122-75; al-Suyuti, Tabyicl a1-sahifah; al-Sayrawan, 82; Abu Zahrah; al-
Dhahabi, Manaqib al-Imam Abi Hanifah.
1107. Or al-Radhani, al-Walid b. Kathir, a traditonist who transmitted from
Rabi`ah al-Ra 'y among others . See al-Sam`ani, III, 2 1, 31; Ibn al-Athir, Lubab, II, 1o;
Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, XI, 130; al-Dhahabi, Mushtabih, 208, 21o; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib,
XXXI, 71-73. He is recorded, usually very briefly, in many other biographical
sources. He would have been of no special interest, had my assistant, Tariq Abu
Rajab, not unearthed the following unique information: The man was "a poet, a
learned man, and practiced kalam (i.e. theological discussions ) in the time of al-
Tabari. He had some original views"; see Ibn I;Iajar , Nuzhat, 178 (note that the text
is garbled but the meaning clear ). This is the only biographical source to mention
one of the verses recorded here by al-Tabari.
1108. On the schools of law and their rivalry, see Schacht, Origins.
I1o9. This nickname is problematic . It is the name of a small bird; see Ibn
Khallikan, III, 92. The verb sharshara means "to bite," and according to the lex-
icographer al-Layth, explaining a certain verse, shirshir means a dog. The lex-
icographer al-Azhari, however, argues that al-Layth was mistaken: shirshir is the
name of a certain desert shrub . I fail to see how a shrub can be confused with a dog.
See Ibn Manzur, Lisan, IV, 403.
I I Io. Ibn Abd Rabbihi, V, 303; al-Jahiz, I, 148-49 (read al-Rani for al-Ra'y; the
editor could not identify Abu Sa`id).
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 251
1111. Fa-tukfirahu (with fa' al-sababiyyah) is a better reading than the present
wa-tukfiruhu; see 2511 n. a. The idea is that one can cause someone else to become
an infidel by asking him questions (on religious matters ) to which he does not
know the answer.
1112. Instead of "wa-al-mathnah wa-al-zir," names of different strings of the
instrument.
I I 13. A jurist and a friend of Abu I;Ianifah. See al-Safadi, XIV, 200 - I; Ibn Sa'd,
VI, 270; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, I, 348.
1114. Zufar belonged to the 'Anbar clan of the tribe of Tamim, whereas Abu
I Ianifah was a client of Taymallah of the Bakr confederation , traditional enemies
of the Tamim; see Jad al-Mawla et al., 170-228.
252 Biographies
1115. Founder of one of the schools of law (madhdhib) and systematizer of the
method of deriving the religious law from its sources. He died in 204/819. See
Schacht, Origins, passim; Halm; Landau-Tasseron, "Cyclical Reform," 101, n. 96.
1116. Apparently the reference is to the Basran jurist `Uthman b. Muslim al-
Batti; see al-Dhahabi, Siyar, VI, 148; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XIX, 492-94.
1117. A famous Kufan judge, who died in 144/761. See Juynboll, Muslim Tradi-
tion, 87-88; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, VI, 347; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 265; al-Safadi, XVII,
207; Waki`, passim, especially vol. III, where there is hardly a page on which his
name is not mentioned.
1118. The use of analogy in establishing religious laws was a point of debate
between Abu Hanifah (who supported it) and al-Shafi`i (who had reservations about
it). Here al-Shafi`i (quoting Malik) admires Abu I;Ianifah's method, at least as far as
it is persuasive; see Landau-Tasseron, "Cyclical Reform," 101, 106.
1119. Known as Ibn Ishaq (d. 150/767), a famous early historian and biographer
of the Prophet. The biography he wrote (sfrah) was widely known and cited, and
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 253
together with the work of al-Wagidi constituted the foundation of all subsequent
research on Muhammad 's life. See "Ibn Ishak," EII, III, 389-90 (C. Brockelmann);
EI2, III, 810-11 (J. M. B. Jones); Suhayl Zakkar, introduction to Ibn Ishaq, Siyar;
Conrad, "Ibn Ishaq"; Mustafa, I, 16o-62; Duri , 33-37; al-Samuk; Hamidullah,
"Muhammad ibn Ishaq."
1120. One of the first places in Iraq to be raided by the Muslims in the year
12/63. See al -Tabarl, Ta 'rikh, I, 2062 -69. Donner, Early Islamic Conquests, 18o.
1121. Al-Tabari himself drew heavily on In Ishaq . Nevertheless, the latter's
reliability was not beyond dispute. See Kister , "Massacre," 74-80; Landau-
Tasseron, "Sayf," 8.
1122. In Sa 'd, VII/2, 67 ( without mention of the source).
1123. That is, not a client . The Banu Hilal were a branch of the northern great
confederation of `Amin b. Sa`sa `ah. On Mis'ar, see Khallfah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh,
455; idem , Tabagat, 168; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 267.
254 Biographies
are you?" I said "I am a member of the Banu Hilal." Abu Ja`far said
"I have no ancestress I like better than the one who was a member
of your clan."1124 I said "0 Commander of the Faithful, do you
know what the poet said about us and you?" He asked "What did
he say?" whereupon I recited:
With the Quraysh we share both piety and kinship;
this is a specific partnership' 125
Through the offspring of the women of the Banu Hilal,
as well as the women of the Banu Aban.1126
I then said "0 Commander of the Faithful, my family has sent
me to buy something with some money, then refused to accept
it." Abu Ja`far said: "What a bad treatment you received from your
family! Take these ten thousands and dole it out."
Opinions differ as to the time of Mis'ar's death. According to Ibn
Sa`d1127-Muhammad b. `Abdallah al-Asadi: Mis'ar died in al-
Kufah in the year i52/January 14, 769-January 3, 770, during the
caliphate of Abu Ja'far [al-Mansur]. [But], according to Muhammad
b. Ismail-Abu Nu`aym al-Fall b. Dukayn, Mis'ar b. Kidam died
in the year 156/December 2, 772-November 20, 773.
1124. The reference is to Umm al-Fadl, wife of al-`Abbas b. `Abd al-Muttalib and
mother of `Abdllah b. al-`Abbas, great-grandfather of al-Mansur; see Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 18. Al-Mansur's own mother was a concubine.
1125. Shirk (read shirkat) a1-'inan, a partnership in a particular thing to the
exclusion of the rest of the partners' property.
1126. The reference is to the offspring of Aminah bt. Aban of the Banu Kulayb b.
Rabi`ah b. Amir b. Sa`sa`ah, who was married to Umayyah b. `Abd Shams; see Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 280. The verse was composed by the poet al-Nabighah al-Ja`di.
See Ibn Manzur, Lisan, XIII, 292-93 (s.v. `nn); Nallino, 11g.
1127. In Sa`d, VI, 253.
1128. Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 266; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 261-63; al-Sadr, 15, 20, 21; F.
Sezgin, I, 9 (erroneously attributed to the tribe of Tamim instead of the
Taymallah).
1129. Taymallah b. Tha`labah of the Rabi`ah confederation; see al-Sam`ani, I,
499.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 255
1130. Hamzah here refers to the procedure of the authorization and authentica-
tion of transmitted traditions , initiated in order to prevent fabrications; see F.
Sezgin, I, 59. As for the role of dreams, see Kinberg, especially 230-31 (on Hamzah).
1' 3 r. A jurist, the main representative of the ancient Syrian school of religious
law. See "Al-Awzai," EI2, I, 772-73 (J. Schacht); F. Sezgin, I, 516-17; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 315-16; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 285-86; Abu Zur`ah, 261-67
and passim.
1132. The Sayban b. al-Ghawth was a Yemeni clan . According to Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 435, 437, al -Awza '1 originated with this clan and was called Awza`i only
because he lived among the Awza, another Yemeni clan. According to Ibn Hibban,
however, al-Awza` was the name of a village near Damascus.
1133. Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, II, 546-47. Bilgis is the Arabic name for the
Queen of Sheba, see "Bilk is," E12, I, 1219-20 (E. Ullendorff).
1134 . Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 459; idem, Tabagat, 222 ; Ibn I;Iibban, Mash-
ahfr, 280; al-Sam`ani, IV, 153-54; al-Sayrawan, 101.
1135. Of the group called Ghassan; see Ibn Hazm , Jamharat, 381, 474.
256 Biographies
Al-Aswad b. Shayban.1140
An inhabitant of al-Basrah, a meritorious man and a reliable
[transmitter] (thiqah).
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada' ini], al-Aswad died in
the year 16o in al-Basrah.
1136. A famous Barran traditionist and jurist, client of the Tamim. See Ibn
Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 11-14; Ibn al -Nadim, I, 549,11,993.
1137. Cf. Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 38. This may be interpreted in two ways. First, pious
Muslim scholars sometimes express the fear of failing in the task of faithfully
transmitting the Prophet's traditions. Second, certain Muslim scholars of the sec-
ond century held that writing down prophetic traditions was unlawful. See
Sprenger; Goldziher, Muslim Studies, II, 181-88. For a critique of these two schol-
ars, see F. Sezgin, II, 53-81.
1138. The name may be Kunayz. He was a Barran, a client of the Bahilah, not
trusted because of his bad memory and arbitrary additions to the traditions. See Ibn
Hibban, Majrnhin, I, 192 -94; Ibn `Adi, II, 482-87.
1139. The third `Abbasid caliph, 158-69/775-85; see Kennedy, 137-39.
1140. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 221, see also 224; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, VIII,
129-30.
1141. He died in the year 161/777-78. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 468;
idem, Tabaqat, 169; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 269. He cannot be identical with
Za'idah b. Qudamah al-Thaqafi, who was associated with al-Mukhtar b. Abi
`Ubayd, not only because the latter was a Shi`i whereas "our" Za'idah opposed the
Shi`ah, but also because of the time gap between the two. See, e.g., al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, II, 6o5, 926.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 257
order to seek out [and arrest] both `Isa and al-Hasan. He exerted his
efforts in pursuing them.
According to Ibn Sa`d1151-al-Fadl b. Dukayn: I saw al-Hasan b.
Salih attending the Friday prayer with everyone else; then he went
into hiding [the next] Sunday, [remaining thus] until his death. Al-
Mahdi could not capture him or `Isa b. Zayd. Al-Hasan hid to-
gether with `Isa b. Zayd in the same place for seven years. The
latter died six months before al-Hasan.
Hasan b. I;Iayy was an inhabitant of al-Kufah, where he died in [2517]
the year 167/August 5, 783-July 23, 784 at the age of sixty-two or
[sixty]-three.
According to Yahya b. Main: Al-Hasan b. Salih b. Hayy was
born in the year ioo/August 3, 718-July 23, 719.
According to al-`Abbas-Yahya: Al-Hasan b. Salih is I Iasan b.
Salih b. Salih b. Muslim b. Hayyan. People call [him] Ibn Hayy, but
it is Ibn Hayyan.
1156. Not in Sachau's edition or al-Qism al-mutammim; cf. the short biography
of this Ubaydallah, in Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 42.
1157. He collaborated with the `Abbasid caliph al-Mansur against the other
members of the Hashimi family, in particular his cousins, the rebels Muhammad
al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah and Ibrahim, sons of `Abdallah b. al-Hasan. See al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, III, 144-45, and also 149, where he appears to be double-crossing the
caliph; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 466; idem, Tabagat, 272; al-Baladhuri, An-
sdb, III (Duri), 269.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 261
with him. He dismissed him [from office], confiscated all his prop-
erty, and sold it, then imprisoned him. Muhammad al-Mahdi [b.
al-Mansur], who was his father's heir apparent, wrote secretly to
`Abd al-Samad b. 'All: 1158 "Beware! beware!"
Al-Hasan remained in prison until Abu Ja`far's death. Al-Mahdi
then freed al-Hasan, brought him to his [court], and returned to
him all the property he had lost.' 159 Al-Hasan remained with al-
Mahdi until the latter set out for the pilgrimage, in the year
168/July 785.
Al-Hasan b. Zayd came along with him. Water was scarce on the
way, and al-Mahdi feared thirst for his companions, so he returned
and did not perform the pilgrimage that year. Al-Hasan b. Zayd,
however, continued [the journey] in the direction of Mecca but fell
ill for a few days, then died in al-Hajir1160 and was buried there.
This occurred in the year 168/785.
115 8. Al-Mansur' s paternal uncle, as well as his governor in Mecca and al-Ta'if;
see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, III, 359 377.
1159. Cf. al-Tabari, III, 377, 454.
r16o. See Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, II, 182.
1161. On the clan the Dhn Asbah, offspring of al-Harith b. Malik b. Zayd of the
IIimyar; see al-Himyarl, 164-65. On Malik, for whom the Malik! school of law
was named, see "Malik b. Anas," EI2, VI, 262-65 (J. Schacht); Schacht, Origins,
passim; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashahir, 223; Ibn `Abd al-Barr, al-Intiga', 9-63.
1162. See p. 92, above.
1163. The only Qurash! bearing this name and recorded by In Qudamah, 330,
died in the year 73/692. See also In al-Athir, Usd al-ghabah, III, 308-9; al-Safadl,
XVIII, 184.
1164. That is, in Medina, or, country, i.e., the Ilijaz.
262 Biographies
116 5. That is, nothing can be done about them. This anecdote reflects the actual
[but later] distribution of certain schools of law over the Islamic provinces. The
Maliki school became prevalent in the Maghrib.
1166. Ibn Sa`d, al-Qism al-mutammim, 440-41; Cf. the short biography of Mal-
ik in Ibn Sa'd, VII/1, 140. The next two references to Ibn Sa'd in al-Tabari's text are
in al-Qism al-mutammim, 443, 444.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 263
senger," then recited "The affair belongs to Allah before and af-
ter."1167 He died in the morning of Rabi I 14, 179/June 7, 795,
during the caliphate of Har in [al-Rashid]. `Abdallah b. Muham-
mad b. Ibrahim b. Muhammad b. `Ali b. `Abdallah b. al-`Abbas, son
of Zaynab bt. Sulayman b. `Ali, said the prayer over his bier. [This
`Abdallah] was known by his mother's name, that is, `Abdallah b.
Zaynab, and was governor of Medina at the time.' 168 `Abdallah
said the prayer over Malik at the funeral place; then Malik was
buried in al-Bagi`.1169
Malik was eighty-five years old when he died.
Ibn Sa'd said: I mentioned this to Mus`ab b. `Abdallah al-
Zubayri, and he said: "I know better than anyone else about
Malik's death. He died in Safar 179/April-May 795.
`Abdallah b. al-Mubarak.1170
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Rahman. He was a pursuer and
transmitter of knowledge, and his erudition in the fields of re-
ligious law, philology, history, and poetry was great.1171 More-
over, he was an ascetic and a generous person.
Ibn al-Mubarak was born in the year 118/January 20, 736-
January 7, 737, and lived in Khurasan. He died in Hit1172 on his
way back from a raid against the Byzantines in the year 181 /March
5, 797-February 21, 798, at the age of sixty-three.
According to `Abdallah b. Ahmad b. Shabbawayh-'Al! b. al- [.2521]
Hasan-Ibn al-Mubarak: We transmit what the Jews and the
Muhammad b. al-Hasan.1175
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah, and he was a client of the
Shayban.
Muhammad's origin was in the Jazirah.1176 His father, who had
been enlisted in the Syrian army, came to Wasit,1177 where
Muhammad was born in the year 132/August 20, 749-August 8,
750. He grew up in al-Kufah and became a student of tradition,
attending lectures [on the subject]. He later participated in Abu
I Ianifah's assembly and studied from him. The latter's school [of
law] became the predominant one as far as Muhammad b. al-
Hasan was concerned, and he was known as a Hanafi.
Muhammad settled in Baghdad, where people studied [tradi-
tions] from him. He later moved to al-Raggah1178 when the caliph,
Harun al-Rashid, was staying there.1179 Harun appointed him
Uways al-Qarani.
He was of the Murad, that is, Yuhabir b. Malik, who belonged to
the Madhhij. His [genealogy] is as follows: Uways b. `Amir b. jaz'
b. Malik b. `Amr b. Sad b. `Uswan b. Qaran b. Radman b. Najiyah
b. Murad; that is, Yuhabir b. Malik.
[2523] Uways was a pious, virtuous man. It was reported that he was
killed in [the battle of ] Siffin.
According to [Muhammad b. al-`Ala'] Abu Kurayb-Abu Bakr-
Hisham-al-Hasan-the Prophet: [Many people, in numbers] as
many as [the whole of ] Rabi'ah and Mudar, will enter paradise
thanks to the intercession of one man of my community. Accord-
ing to Hisham-Hawshab-[al-Hasan]:1189 That is Uways al-
Qarani.
northern Banu Shayban. He was one of `All's commanders in the battle of Siffin and
served as governor of Istakhr. He died in the year 99/717-18. See Crone, Slaves,
113; Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 317; Nasr b. Muzahim, 205 and passim; In IIajar,
Tahdhib, II, 340-41; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 200, 204; In Hibban, Mash-
ahir, 157; idem, Thigat, IV, 191; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, IVa, 22, 93.
1191. See Hinds, "Banners and Battle -Cries."
1192. A part of a poem; see Nasr b. Muzahim, 289-90.
1193. An Ansari Companion of the Prophet and a supporter of `All. See Ibn
IIajar, Isabah, II, 23; Ibn al-Athir, Usd, ]1, 372; In Sa'd, V, 59, gives only his
genealogy.
1194. Not recorded by Nasr b. Muzahim or al-Quhpa'I.
268 Biographies
1195. The clan's name is Huth. See Ibn IIajar, Tahdhib, II, 126-28; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 149-50 (only his genealogy); al-Khashshi, 81-83; al-Amin,
XVIII, 293-320; Nasr b. Muzahim, 121.
1196. `Ilm al-fara'id. See Lane, s.v. f.r.d.
1197. Ta'allamtu al-qur'ana ft sanatin wa-l-walhya ft thalathi sinina. Wahya
("inspiration") must refer to the Qur'an, so the word qur'an must be used here in
its original meaning, i.e., "reading."
1198. On `Abdallah, see al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 190, 207-9, 273-74.
1199. The clan's name is Arhab. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 396, 476; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 165.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 269
1200. Tribal nobles !ashrafj played a pivotal role in the politics of the Umayyad
period. They first formed a link between the government and the tribesmen, then
lost this position. Although many of them continued to serve the rulers, others
tended to initiate or join rebellions . However, they never formed a definite party,
and each acted in his own interest; see Crone, Slaves.
1201. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 1-4; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III !Mahmudi!, 40-43,
51-52.
1202. The reference is to Yemeni perfume production.
1203. Of the tribe of Sulaym. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 271; idem, Taba-
qat, 15 3; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 164. Considered a haft; and a Qur'an reader by al-
Suyuti; al-Sayrawan, 116; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 413-14. He was a supporter of All accord-
ing to al-Sadr, 24.
1204. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 119.
1205. According to a report in al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3319, Abu `Abd al-Rahman
participated in the battle of Siffin, but cf. Nasr b. Muzahim, 288, where the phras-
ing suggests that he was not present there.
1206. In the years 71-73 or 74/691-93 or 694; see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 816, 834,
852.
270 Biographies
1207. One of the tribal nobles of al-Kufah (ashraf), of the Nakha'. Kumayl was
involved in the uprising against `Uthman and even went to Medina to kill him
himself, but his plan failed, and he had only an exchange of blows with the caliph.
After the murder of `Uthman he joined `All's camp. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2908,
2917, 2921, 3034-35; Khahfah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 148.
1208. This is especially noted because obedience to tribal leaders was not a
matter of course, nor did these leaders have any institutionalized coercive power. It
is perhaps worthy of note that he is not mentioned by Nasr b. Muzahim in Waq`at
Siffin.
1209. Of the same tribe as Kumayl, al-Nakha`. He was chief of the shurtah in the
time of Yazid II. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 672-73, 1407, 1655; Ibn Manzu-r,
Mukhtasar, XVII, 31-32; Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma`add, 297.
1210. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rlkh, II, 1076-77.
1211. Cf. al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3036, II, 1097.
1212. Cf. Qur'an 73:14.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 271
Abu Nadrah.1217
His name was al-Mundhir b. Malik b. Qit`ah.
He was of the `Awagah, a clan of the `Abd al-Qays.1218
According to `Ali b. Muhammad [al-Mada'ini]: Abu Nadrah par-
ticipated in the revolt of Ibn al-Ash`ath. He belonged to the ShI ah
of `Ali.
Nawf al-Bikali, that is, Nawf b. Fadalah, the son of Ka'b's wife.1219
Al-Ashtar.1221
His name was Malik b. al-Harith b. `Abd Yaghuth b. Maslamah
b. RabI'ah b. al-Harith b. jadhimah b. Sa'd b. Malik b. al-Nakha', of
the Madhlhij.
According to Islhaq b. Ibrahim b. Habib b. al-Shahid-Abu Bakr
b. `Ayyash-'Algamah:1222 I said to al-Ashtar "You had opposed
the murder of `Uthman, so what made you go out [to fight on `All's
side] in al-Basrah?"1223 Al-Ashtar replied: "These people1224 had
given 'Ali the oath of allegiance, then broke it. It was ['Abdallah] b.
al-Zubayr who incited `A'ishah to participate in the revolt
(khuruj).1225 I had prayed to God that I should meet him, and
indeed we met in combat . As my arm is strong, I was not satisfied
until I raised myself in my saddle and hit him so that he fell."
[`Algamah] said: I asked "Is he the one who exclaimed 'Kill me
1219. That is, Ka'b al-Al}bar. Nawf was of the tribe of Himyar and lived in Egypt
and Damascus . He was a storyteller ( gdss, see p. 276, n. 1251, below ) and a tradi-
tionist and acted as prayer leader ( imam ) in Damascus. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 308; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 196; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, X, 436-37; al-
Sam'ani , I, 382; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXVI, 220-23; Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, ,6o.
1220. One of the notables of the Qurashi clan 'Amir b. Lu'ayy, associated with
the Umayyad caliph al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik. See al-Zubayri, 427; In Qudamah,
483; In Hibban, Mashahir, 64.
1221. One of the most fervent supporters of All b. Abi Talib; he died on his way
to Egypt to assume the post of governor on behalf of 'Ali. See "al -Ashtar," EI2, I,
704 (L. Veccia Vaglieri); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 174, 177, 184, 186; idem,
Tabagat, 148; al-Kashshi, 61-63; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim; al-Kindi, 25-28.
1222. Al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3200.
1223 . The reference is to the battle of the Camel. Al-Ashtar is said to have come
to Medina with 'Uthman's opponents but to have kept himself uninvolved in the
murder of the caliph. See al-Tabari, Ta 'rikh, I, 2954, 2999, but see also 'Abd al-
Malik Ibn Habib, 113.
1224. That is, Talhah b. 'Ubaydallah and al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam; see 'Abd al-
Malik Ibn Habib, 114.
1225. Khuruj is here used in both its senses simultaneously (to go out and to
rebel), referring to the revolt against All, and to the fact that the rebels left Medina
in order to rally support in al-Basra. On the role played by 'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr,
see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3109, 3126, 3200. The report clearly reflects an 'Alid
argument, refuting as it does the allegation that 'Ali's supporters were 'Uthman's
murderers.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 273
together with Malik?"' Al-Ashtar replied: "No, I left him, and I do [2528]
not remember anything [of the sort]. That one was `Abd al-Rah-
man b. `Attab b. Asid.1226 We met, we exchanged two blows, and
we both fell, whereupon he started calling 'Kill me together with
Malik,' but they did not know who Malik was; had they known,
they would have killed me." Abu Bakr b. `Ayyash then said: This
is [as vivid] as though you witnessed it yourself;1227 it was told to
me by al-Mughirah-Ibrahim-`Algamah, [who said]: I said to al-
Ashtar [etc.].
1226. A member of the Umayyad family, who was killed in the battle of the
Camel. See Ibn Qudamah , 199; al-Zubayri, 193. Note the circumstances of his
death: He receives a blow aimed at `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah,
III, 72.
1227. Hadha ka-annaka shahiduhu. The version in al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3200,
does not make much sense.
1228. The clan 's name is Band Riyah b. Yarbd`. Shabath was a chieftain of his
clan in his time. He showed extreme fickleness in his political behavior , having
joined and deserted almost every possible camp and persuasion . See Crone, Slaves,
118; Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, 153.
1229. Ibn Sa`d, VI, 150.
1230. These are in fact practices prohibited by Islam . See p . 156, above.
1231. That is, the first Khawarij. When the fourth caliph, Ali b. Abi Talib,
decided to comply with Mu`awiyah's request for arbitration , many of his support-
ers opposed his decision and deserted his camp. They encamped at Hardra ', hence
the name Hardriyyah, and this group later became the Khariji sect . See al-Tabari,
Ta'rikh, I, 3341, 3362 -63; al-`Iraqi, 10.
1232 . Of the northern tribe Fazarah . See Ibn Hibban, Mashahsr, 174; al-
Baladhuri, Futuh (de Goeje), 247, 352.
274 Biographies
Sa`sa`ah b. Suhan.1241
He died in al-KUfah during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah.
1241. Of the `Abd al-Qays; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 297. He was an important
companion of `Ali b. Abi Talib. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 144; al-Kashshi,
64-65; al-Quhpa'i, III, 212 -14; al-Dabbi, 29; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim.
1242. A member of the Mujashi` family, a part of the Tamimi clan Darim. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 184; al-Quhpa'i, I, 232-33; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 231.
1243. The tribe is `Ijl b. Lujaym of the Bakr b . Wail, and the family of Bujayr was
a leading one . I;Iajjar was a tribal leader in al-Kufah ; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 314.
He was associated with the Umayyads, but during the second civil war he joined
the Zubayrid party; see al-Baladhuri, Ansab, Iva, 144, 22, V, 174, 225, 232, 296.
1244. In Sa`d, VI, 159; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 398.
1245. A member of the Jadilah of Qays. His name is variously given as `Abd al-
Rahman, `Ubayd, and `Abadah. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 2S9; idem, Taba-
qat, 143; Ibn Sa'd, VI, 159; al-Kashshi, 85-87; al-Quhpa'i, IV, 114-15.
276 Biographies
The mother of `Adwan and Fahm was Jadilah bt. Murr b. Tab-
ikhah, a sister of Tamim b. Murr,1246 and the [members of these
tribes] were called after her.
Abu `Abdallah al-Jadali belonged to 'Ali's party. He was the
commander of the 800 [troops] sent by al-Mukhtar [to the Hijaz] to
protect Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyyah from [`Abdallah] Ibn al-
Zubayr when the latter wanted to kill him.1247
Aminah.1270
She transmitted the following: According to al-RabI'-Asad-
Hammad b. Salamah-`Ali b. Zayd-Aminah, who asked `A'ishah
about the following verse: "Whether you reveal what is within
you or conceal it, Allah will reckon with you for it [and will
forgive whom He willeth] and punish whom He willeth."1271
`A'ishah replied: "No one asked me about this verse since I had
asked the Prophet, who said: '0 `A'ishah, this is how God reckons
with His servants, by striking them with fever, or misfortunes, or
[2534] pestilence. Even a piece of merchandise one puts in one's hand,
loses, worries about, then finds under one's arm, [even that is an
1269. Qur'an 2:238. The canonical reading omits the words "and the afternoon
prayer." According to `A'ishah's reading as recorded here, the "middle prayer"
cannot be identical with the afternoon prayer. However, in the Jami`, II, 5 5 5, al-
Tabari ascribes to `A'ishah a reading that makes these two prayers identical. See
the whole discussion in al-Tabari , Jami`, II, 553-68; and the various readings in
Jeffery, 30, 122, 196, 214, 232, 235, 237.
1270. Perhaps Aminah bt. `Abdallah; see note 1271, below.
1271. Qur'an 2:285; trans. Bell, I, 41. According to al-Tabari, Jamf, 111, 149, `Ali
b. Zayd transmitted this tradition from his mother, whose name is not mentioned.
In `Ali's biography, Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, VII, 283, one Aminah bt. `Abdallah is
mentioned as one of `All's sources. I could not trace this Aminah . `Ali b. Zayd was a
Basran, QurashI transmitter who died in the year 127/744-45 (there are other
versions). According to al-ZubayrI, 293, his mother was a concubine . See also Ibn
IIibban, Majruhin, II, 103-4
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 281
act of God]. So that the believer eventually emerges out of his sins
like red gold dust emerging from the blacksmith's bellows."'
Abu `Ubaydah.1273
His name was `Amir b. `Abdallah b . al-Jarrah.
Abu al-Argam.1274
His name was `Abd Manaf b. Asad b. `Abdallah al-Makhzumi.
1272. It is not clear whether or not the title applies only to this chapter or to the
subsequent ones as well . In any case, in what follows al-Tabari records kunyahs,
nicknames , and names of people, regardless of whether or not they were already
mentioned in the Dhayl al-mudhayyal. Moreover, he sometimes mentions the
same person twice in one chapter , e.g., Tamim al -Dan (pp. 298, 302). Despite the
chapter heading, some of these people are not mentioned in the Ta'rikh, e.g., Abu
al-Arqam (Dhayl, 2534); others figure there only once, e.g., `Abdallah b. Zayd 2539
= al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2894. Many, however, such as `All b. Abi Talib or al-Zubayr,
occupy many pages in various places of the Ta'rikh. I saw no point in overloading
the footnotes with references . The reader is invited to use de Goeje's index or the
indexes to the other volumes of the translation . On the other hand, I supply some
details wherever al-Tabari mentions none at all . Where no details are adduced, it
means either that the person 's biography was recorded before or that I could not
trace the person.
1273. A close Companion of the Prophet and one of the army commanders
during the conquests . He died in the plague of `Amwas in Palestine in the year
18/639. See "Abu `Ubayda b. al-Djarrah," EI2, 15 8-59 (H. A. R. Gibb); al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 223-24; Ibn Hibban, Mashahzr, 27; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 27-28,
300.
1274. Of the Qurashi clan Makhzum, father of al-Arqam who gave the Prophet
shelter in the beginning of his career . According to Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 5, he was
not a Companion, having apparently died before Islam. See also Ibn Qudamah, 306,
388.
1275. That is, the Prophet's grandfather.
282 Biographies
1276. Probably Mi`yar, not Main, as in Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghabah (see al-
Tabari, Dhayl, 2534 n. P. The two names are very similar graphically. Cairo, 669,
and Dar al-Fikr, 679, also have Main.
1277. A slave from Ta'if, freed by the Prophet upon converting to Islam. He was
half-brother of the governor of Iraq, Ziyad b. Abihi (= b. Abi Sufyan). He lived in al-
Basrah and died in the year 54/674. His children, having attained high positions
under their uncle Ziyad, claimed descent from a respected, genuine Thagafi. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 54; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 367, 489-506, Iva, 163-
65, 183-84, 194-95; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 66-67; Ibn Qutaybah, Maarif, 125-26.
1278. There are many versions of his name: Bilal, Bulayl, Yasar, Da'ud, etc.; see
p. 310, below. It is noteworthy that most, if not all, of these names are typical of
slaves or foreign clients, and the uncertainty about Abu Layla's name may arise
from the debate between his grandson Muhammad b. `Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla
and his enemies over his own Arab descent; see Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 216, and
320, below. However, it is generally accepted that Abu Layla was an Ansari (Awsi)
Companion who settled in al-KUfah, supported `Ali b. Abi Talib, and participated
in Siffin (though not recorded by Nasr b. Muzahim). He died in the year 83/702-3
during the revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 85, 135, 150;
Ibn Isazm, jamharat, 335; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 82, 164; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV,
169-70; al-Dulabi, I, 51; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXIV, 238-39.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 283
Abu Qatadah.1281
Opinions differ as to his name. According to Ibn Ishaq, it was al-
Harith b. Rib'!, whereas others maintain that it was `Amr b. Rib`i.
According to al-Wagidi, it was al-Nu`man b. Rib`i.
Abu Hurayrah.1282
According to Hisham [b. Muhammad al-Kalbi], his name was
`Umayr b. `Amir b. `Abd Dhi al-Shard, but al-Wagidi says that it
was `Abd Shams and that he was renamed `Abdallah [upon em-
bracing] Islam. 128-3 Yet others hold that his name was `Abd Nuhm
or Sukayn or `Abd Ghanm.
1284. An Ansari Companion of the Prophet, of the Banu Sa'idah ( Khazraj), who
died in the year 40/660-61. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta 'rikh, 142, 242; idem,
Tabaqat, 97; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 44.
1285. He, his two sons, and his daughter Umm al-Darda ' were Companions of
the Prophet, of the northern Aslam, a branch of Mudar. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
241-42. Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, Ito.
1286. A Companion, of the Aslam tribe, who lived in al-Basrah and died after
the year 64/683-84 in a raid to Khurasan . See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, log,
187, 322; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 68; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif 146.
1287. There are several Companions bearing this kunyah, many of them An-
saris . Oddly, the "one who collected (or, knew by heart) the Qur'an " is not better
known than the rest. See note 1288 , below.
1288. See p. 22, above . Note that the kunyah of Sa'd al-Qari ' is also Abu Zayd.
Apparently there is a confusion among several people . According to Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, IV, 78, the "Abu Zayd who collected the Qur'an" was called Qays b. al-
Sakan, but he adduces other versions too, including "Sa`d b . `Ubayd "; see also Ibn
Hajar, III, 250; and p. 294, below, on the famous collector of the Qur'an , Zayd b.
Thabit.
1289. A rich Meccan merchant , of the Qurashi clan the Banu Sahm, a contempo-
rary of the Prophet who embraced Islam after the Conquest of Mecca and transmit-
ted a few traditions. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 425; al-Tabari, Ta 'rikh, I, 1343, 1369
Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 164.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 285
1290. Mentioned as a Companion. According to Ibn Hajar his son `Iyad was a
companion of `Ali b. Abi Talib and apparently more famous than his father. Al-
Tabari, however, Ta'rikh, II, 903, 908, mentions `Iyad as a commander in al-Hajjaj's
army; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 362.
1291. Of the southern tribe Ju`fiyy. He came to the Prophet and received from
him license to claim possession of the wadi of Ju`fiyy. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
409-10; Ibn Sa`d, VI, 32; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 399, S.V. `Abd al-Raljman b. Abi
Sabrah.
1292. A Kufan jurist of the second century. See Ibn Sa`d, VI, 200-1; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 166; al-$afadi, XIII, 443; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 154.
1293. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Suwi'ah, a branch of the northern
`Amin b. $a`sa'ah; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 273. He died in the year 74/693-94. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 57, 132; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 8o.
1294. A Companion of the Prophet. There is disagreement both over his name
and his genealogy. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 33; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,124,
307; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 94.
1295. A member of the tribe of Sulaym, a contemporary of the Prophet, but it is
doubtful whether he was a Companion. The family was allied to the Umayyads in
pre-Islamic times. Abu al-A`war later excelled as governor and army commander in
the service of Umar, 'Uthman, and Mu'awiyah b. Abi Sufyin. See Lecker, Bann
Sulaym, 118, 136-40, and passim; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 263-64; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 175, 178; idem, Tabaqat, 51, 308.
1296. An Angari (Khazraji) Companion of the Prophet, one of the famous horse-
men. There is, however, disagreement over his name. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 100; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 38; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, N, 142-43.
286 Biographies
1297. An Ansari (Khazraji) Companion of the Prophet who took part in the
'Agabah meeting. He was governor of al-Kufah for `Ali and died during his, or
Mu`awiyah's, caliphate. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 186; idem, Tabaqat, 96;
In Hibban, Mashahfr, 75; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 245; al-Quhpa'i, IV, 144.
1298. An eminent Ansari Companion of the Prophet, of the Awsi clan the Banu
`Amr b. 'Awf, said to have been one of the twelve leaders appointed by Muhammad
at the `Agabah meeting (nugaba', see note 1375, below), and the standard bearer of
his clan in the conquest of Mecca. Nevertheless, there is disagreement over his
name (Rifa`ah, Bashir, Marwan). He died after the murder of `Uthman. See Khalifah
b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 84; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 37; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 168.
1299. An Ansari (Khazraji) Companion of the Prophet and a Qur'an reader who
died in Medina at the end of Mu`awiyah's caliphate. See In Hibban, Mashahir, 41;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 216.
1300. One of the twelve leaders appointed by Muhammad at the `Agabah meet-
ing. He died before the Prophet arrived at Medina or shortly afterward. See Khalifah
b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 12-13; idem, Tabagat, 90-91; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 243, 252;
al-A`zami, Kuttab al-nabi, 32-33
13o1. An eminent Ansari (Khazraji) Companion of the Prophet, known for his
courage and horsemanship, who was killed in the battle of al-Yamamah. See Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 85; Ibn Sa`d, III/2, 1o1.
1302. An ally of the Khazraji clan the Banu `Abd al-Ashhal and a highly regarded
Ansari Companion who died in the year zo or 21/642. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 122; idem, Tabagat, 78; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 32.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 287
Umm Sharik.
Her name was Ghaziyyah bt. Jabir b. Hakim.
Umm Ayman.
Her name was Barakah, and she was a client of the Prophet.
Umm Ma'bad.
Her name was `Atikah bt. Khalid b. Khulayf, of the Khuzd'ah.
She is the one of whom it was reported that the Prophet passed by
her [place] and she gave him hospitality and described him to her
husband.
1303. Wife of the Ansari al-Bars ' b. Ma`rur, one of the twelve leaders (nugabd')
appointed by Muhammad at the 'Aqabah meeting; see n. 1375 below. She herself
belonged to the Ashja', a northern tribe whose territory lay near Medina. See Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 249-50; al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 246.
1304. An early convert of the Umayyad family. She was married to Zayd b.
Harithah and later to al-Zubayr b. al= Awwam, `Abd al-Rahman b. `Awf, and `Amr
b. al-'As. See In Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 491; Ibn Qudamah, 212-13.
288 Biographies
Tallhah b. `Ubaydallah.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad after his son Muhammad.
Al-Zubayr b. al-`Awwam.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah after his son `Abdallah.
Sa'd b. Zayd.
His kunyah was Abu al-A`war.1305
`Abdallah b. al-`Abbas.
His kunyah was Abu al-`Abbas after his son al-`Abbas.
Al-Fadl b. Al-`Abbas.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad after his son Muhammad.
1305. The reference is to the famous Companion Said b. Zayd. Read Said for
Sa'd; Cairo, 672, and Dar al-Fikr, 682, also have Sa'd. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, IV, 9; al-
Dulabi, I, II-I2.
1306. In Karbala', in the year 61/68o. See p. 50, above.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 289
`Abdallah b. Masud.
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Rahman after his son `Abd al-
Rahman.
Ubayy b. Ka`b.1308
His kunyah was Abu al-Mundhir.
1307. A tribe of southern origin, from which the royal clan of al-H-irah was also
descended; see In Hazm, Jamharat, 422-23. Hitib was an ally of a certain family
in Mecca, where he lived, and was an early convert. He died in the year 30/650-51.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 70; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 42; al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 323; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 300.
1308. An Ansari Companion and secretary of the Prophet, credited with knowl-
edge of the ancient scriptures and said to have participated in the collection of the
Qur'an; he died in Medina in the year 32/652-53. See Watt, Bell's Introduction, 37,
45, 49, 55; Jeffery, I14-16; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 31; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 143;
idem, Tabagat, 88-89; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 31; al-Sayrawan, 49; al-A`zami,
Kuttab al nabi, 42-44.
290 Biographies
1309. An Ansari Companion of the Prophet, who died in Medina in the year
32/652-53. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 143; idem, Tabagat, 96; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 40; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 244, 273. These sources call him `Abdallah b.
Zayd b. Tha`labah b. `Abd Rabbihi.
1310. An Ansari Companion of the Prophet, of the Banu Zurayq (Khazraj),
whose father was one of the twelve leaders (nugaba') appointed at the 'Aqabah
meeting; see note 1375, below. He died in Medina during the caliphate of
Mu`awiyah. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahit, 43; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 100, 250;
al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 245.
1311. One of the closest Ansari Companions of the Prophet, leader of the
Khazraj and one of the twelve leaders (nuqaba') appointed at the `Agabah meeting.
After the Prophet's death the Ansar attempted, but failed, to elect him leader of the
community. He died in Syria during the caliphate of Abu Bakr 'Umar.
or. See "Sa`d
b. 'Ubada," El', IV, 30-31 (K. V. Zettersteen); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 97
(note the difference in the kunyah), 303; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 28-29; al-
Baladhuri, Ansab, 250, 252, 254, 580-82; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, IX, 235-46.
1312. An Abyssinan slave bought and freed by Abu Bakr to save him from the
tortures his master inflicted upon him for being a Muslim. He served as the Proph-
et's muezzin and crier and died in Syria in the year 20 or 21/642. See "Bilal b.
Rabah," EI2, I, 1215 (W. `Arafat); al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 184-93; Ibn Hibban, Mash-
ahir, 85; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 19, 298.
1313. There were two Ansaris bearing this name, apparently confused by Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 354; cf. Ibn I3ajar, Isabah, I, 193-94. Here the reference apparent-
ly is to Thabit b. al-Dahhak b. Khalifah of the `Abd al-Ashhal, Abu Zayd, who died
in the year 45/665-66; see In Hibban, Mashahit, 68.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 291
Jubayr b. Mut'im.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah after his son `Abdallah.
Wathilah b. al-Asga'.1317
1314. An eminent Ansari (Khazraji) Companion of the Prophet, a poet, and one
of the twelve leaders (nugaba') appointed by Muhammad at the 'Aqaba meeting.
He died in the year 50/670 (there are other versions). See "Ka'b b. Malik," ET2, IV,
315-16 (W. M. Watt); Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 102-3; In Hibban, Mashahir,
38; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 248.
1315. Son of the first caliph and brother of the Prophet's wife 'A'ishah, with
whom he participated in the battle of the Camel; he died in the year 58/677-78. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 18, 189; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 34-35.
1316. A Meccan Companion of the Prophet, of the Qurashi clan the Banu Sahm.
Although he was not an early convert, the Prophet entrusted him with important
tasks, and he later played a major role in the conquests in Syria and Egypt. He was
governor of Egypt until his dismissal by the third caliph, 'Uthman, then received
the post again from Mu'awiyah as a reward for his support. He died in Egypt in the
year 42 or 43/663-64. See "'Amr b. al-'As," EI2, I, 451 (A. J. Wensinck); Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 25-26; In Hibban, Mashahir, 93; al-Balidhuri, Ansab, I, 168-
74; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XIX, 232-54; al-Wags.
1317. A poor Companion of the Prophet, of the Kinani clan the Banu Layth, who
died in the year 83/702. See Khalifah b. Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 292; idem, Tabagat, 31;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 86; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 272, IVa, 61.
292 Biographies
His kunyah was Abu Qirsafah, but some hold that it was Abu al-
Asqa', whereas Abu Qirsafah was [the kunyah of] Jandarah b.
Khayshanah.1318
Ma'qil b. Yasar.1319
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah. The canal Nahr Ma'qil in al-
Basrah is called after him.1320
Safwan b. al-Mu`attal.1322
His kunyah was Abu `Amr.
Al-Mughirah b. Shu`bah.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
`Imran b. Husayn.1324
1318. Of the Kinani clan the Banu Layth. He belonged to the Ahl al-Suffah, that
is, the group of poor Companions. He lived in al-Basrah and died in Syria in the year
83/702-3. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 292; idem, Tabaqat, 174-75; Ibn Hib-
ban, Mashahir, 86; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 272. See also Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 189;
al-Dulabi, I, 49; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, V, 149-50.
1319. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Muzaynah tribe. He lived in al-
Basrah, where he was associated with the governor of Iraq Ziyad b. Abihi and died
during the caliphate of Mu`awiyah. See Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 202; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 246; idem, Tabaqat, 37; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 66; Ibn
Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 129.
1320. See Yaqut, Mu`jam al-buldan, IV, 845; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 129; al-
Baladhuri, Futnh (Ridwan), 352.
1321. A Companion of the Prophet, of the tribe of Muzaynah, who was killed in
al-Basrah in a battle against the Khawarij in the year 64/683-84. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 37, 176; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 72.
1322. A Companion of the Prophet, of the tribe of Sulaym. He was accused of a
liaison with the Prophet's wife `A'ishah, but Qur'anic verses exonerated `A'ishah
(the hadith al-i fk). He lived in al-Basrah and was killed in a raid in the Jazirah in the
year 19/640. See Lecker, Bann Sulaym, 91-92; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 216;
idem, Tabagat, 51; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 59; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 342, 452.
1323. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Sulaym, said to have been appointed
by Muhammad as tax collector of his clan. He later lived in Syria and died in the
year 75/694-95 or before. See Lecker, Banu Sulaym, 94-98, 156; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 52; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 87.
1324. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Khuza`ah. He lived in al-Basrah and
officiated as governor there and died in the year 52/672. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 49, 106, 128, 217; idem, Tabagat, 106; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 66.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 293
Sulayman b. Surad.
His kunyah was Abu Mutarrif. His name had been Yasar, and
the Prophet renamed him Sulayman when he embraced Islam. 1325
Salamah b. al-Akwa'.1326
His kunyah was Abu Iyas after his son Iyas. According to Yahya,
it was Abu Muslim.
Al-Barg' b. `Azib.1332
His kunyah was Abu `Umarah.
Usayd b. Zuhayr.1333
His kunyah was Abu Thabit.
Thabit b. Wadi'ah.1334
His kunyah was Abu Sa'd.
Khuzaymah b. Thabit.
His kunyah was Abu `Umarah.
Zayd b. Thabit.1335
His kunyah was Abu Said after his son Said.
`Amr b. Hazm.1336
1331 An early Companion said, like the previous one, to have been one of the
standard bearers of the Juhaynah in the conquest of Mecca. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah,
III, 439; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 211. Note that other persons bear the same
name.
1332. An Ansari (Awsi) Companion of the Prophet and conqueror of al-Rayy. He
supported `Ali b. Abi Talib in the first civil war. He lived in al-Kufah and died
during the governorship of Mus`ab b. al-Zubayr (64-72/683-91). See Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, I, 142-43; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 132, 205; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashahir,
76; al-Quhpa'i, I, 251-52; al-Kashshi, 45-46. But see Nasr b. Muzahim, 448, where
he is included in a group cooperating with Mu`awiyah.
1333. Counted among the Ansari Companions. Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 49, knows
of only one tradition transmitted by him.
1334. Or, Thabit b. Yazid, counted among the Ansari Companions. See Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 80; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 196, 197.
1335. An eminent Ansari Companion (Khazraji), one of the Prophet's scribes,
expert on the Qur'an and religious law. According to a certain tradition, he was the
first to collect the Qur'an already in Abu Bakr's lifetime. He lived in Medina;
various versions of the year of his death are given, in the period 42-55/662-74. See
Watt, Bell's Introduction, 40-56, and passim; "Kur'an," EP, V, 404-6 (A. T. Wel-
ch); Jeffery, 223-25; F. Sezgin, I, 401-2; al-A'zami, Kuttab al-nabi, 65-67; al-
Sayrawan, 92-93; Waki', I, 107-IO; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 156, 157; Ibn al-Jazari,
I, 296; Ibn al-Nadim, I, 47-48.
1336. An eminent Ansari Companion reputed to have been in possession of a
document in which the Prophet wrote the details of the legal alms, blood money,
and other precepts. He was appointed by the Prophet to administer Najran and died
during `Umar's caliphate or after the year 50/670. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 5 32; Ibn
IIibban, Mashahir, 45; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 529; Mustafa, I, 155
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 295
Anas b . Malik.1339
His kunyah was Abu Hamzah.
Zayd b. Argam.1340
His kunyah was Abu Sa`d, according to al -Wagidi, whereas oth-
ers hold that it was Abu Unaysah.
Al-Nu`man b. Bashzr.1341
1337. An Ansari ( Khazraji ) Companion, nephew of the Prophet 's poet Hassan b.
Thabit . He lived in Filastin; versions of his death date vary between 41/661-62 and
64/683-84 (!). See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 140; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'r kh, 216;
idem, Tabagat, 88; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 85.
1338. There were at least three Ansaris bearing this name. Confusion prevails
mainly between Mu `adh b . al-Harith, whose mother was named `Afri', and Mu'adh
b. al-Harith b. al-Arqam, the only one of the three called " the reader" (but his
kunyah is Abu Halimah , not as recorded by al-Tabari ). See the Cairo edition, index
s.vv. Mu`adh b . al-Harith, Mu'adh, b. `Afra', Mu`adh b. al-Harith al-Qari' (de Goeje's
index mentions only one Mu `adh b. al-Harith ); al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2182; Ibn
Hajar, Isabah, 427-28; In al -Jazari, II, 301 -2; al-Mizzi, Tahdhfb, XXVIII, 117-
13 3 9. Of the Ansar (Khazraj ); his mother gave him to the Prophet as a servant,
and he became a close Companion and one of the most prolific traditionists (natu-
rally, not all the traditions ascribed to him are authentic ). He was also one of
Muhammad 's scribes (not recorded by al-A` zami). He lived in al-Basrah, where he
acted as prayer leader (imam) for `Abdallah b . al-Zubayr during the latter's rule.
Anas died in the year 93/711-12 (there are other versions ). See "Anas b. Malik,"
EI2, I, 482 (A . J. Wensinck and J. Robson ); Jeffery, 214; Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
64, 73, 254 - 55, 262 , 309; idem, Tabagat, 91 ; In Hibban, Mashahir, 65.
1340. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Ansar (Khazraj ), who participated in
the battle of Siffin on `All's side and died later in al-Kufah in the year 66/685-86.
See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 56o; Khalifah b . Khayyat, Tabagat, 94; In Hibban, Mash-
ahir, 8o. But see Nasr b . Muzahim, 448, where he appears to be cooperating with
Mu'awiyah; cf. the biography of al-Bars' b. `Azib, above.
1341. A famous Ansari (Khazraji ) Companion of the Prophet , who was governor
for Mu`awiyah in al-Kufah, later in Hims , and a judge in Damascus. In the second
civil war he supported `Abdallah b . al-Zubayr; Marwan b . al-Hakam fought him
and killed him, in the year 64/683-84 or 65/684-85. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 247 ; idem, Tabagat, 94; In Hibban, Mashahir, 87; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V,
127-28, 132 , 147; WakI', III, 201; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXVI, 160-64.
296 Biographies
Al-Miswar b. Makhramah.
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Rahman after his son `Abd al-
Rahman.
`Amr b. Hurayth.
His kunyah was Abu Said.
1342. Son of the Khazraji leader Sad b. `Ubadah, a Companion of the Prophet,
and supporter of `Ali, who appointed him chief of the shurtah (quasi-police) and
governor of Egypt. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 101; al-Kashshi, 102-3; Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, III, 249; Nasr b. Muzahim, passim; al-Kindi, 23-25.
1343. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Ansar (Khazraj), and the last Compa-
nion to die in Medina, in the year 88/707 or 91/709-10. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 98; Ibn Hibban, Mashahrr, 48.
1344. A Jewish convert and Companion of the Prophet credited with deep
knowledge of the ancient scriptures and Islamic religious law. He died in the year
43/663-64. See "Abd Allah b. Salam," EI2, I, 52 (J. Horovitz); F. Sezgin, I, 304; Ibn
al-Nadim, I, 42,11,937; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 8; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 36;
al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 266.
1345 . See note 234, above.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 297
Makhramah b. Nawfal.
[His kunyah was] Abu Safwan after his son Safwan.
Qabisah b. al-Mukhariq.1349
His kunyah was Abu Bishr.
1346. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Qurashi clan the Banu Jumah, who
was a supporter of `Ali and died in the year 74/693-94 in al-Kufah or in Mecca. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 25, 278; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 81; Ibn Qudamah,
324, 449; al-Balidhuri, Ansab, V, Io.
1347. The founder of the Umayyad dynasty. See "Mu`awiya b. Abi Sufyan," E72,
VII, 263-68 (M. Hinds), E11, VI, 617-21 (H. Lammens); Hawting, First Dynasty, 21-
45; Hasson, Recherches; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, Io, 139, 297-98; Ibn Hib-
ban, Mashahir, 85-86; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, Na, 11-138; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar,
XXIV, 399-405, XXV, 5-93; al-Munajjid, 167-74.
1348. A Companion of the Prophet, a late convert, of the aristocratic Umayyad
family. He was governor of al-Kufah for'Uthman but was dismissed and flogged for
drinking wine. See Ibn Qudamah, 210-1I; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 11, 126,
and passim; In Hibban, Mashahir, 78; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 29-35.
1349. A Companion of the Prophet, of the northern Hilal, apparently of a noble
family, as his son Qatan counted as a tribal noble and became governor of Sijistan
(according to Crone, Slaves, 136, of al-Basrah). See In Hajar, Isabah, III, 222;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 56, 184; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 70.
1350. A Companion of the Prophet, originally of the northern, 'Amiri clan
Suwa'ah and an ally of the Qurashi clan Zuhrah. He lived in al-KUfah and died in
the year 74/693-94. See Ibn Hajar, Isabah, I, 212; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
56-57, 131-32; In Hibban, Mashahir, 81.
298 Biographies
Al-Ash'ath b. Qays.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad after his son Muhammad.
`Amr b. Ma`di-karib.1352
His kunyah was Abu Thawr.
Al-Migdam b. Ma`di-Karib.1359
His kunyah was Abu Karimah.
Ya`la b. Murrah.1360
According to Yahya, his kunyah was Abu al-Marazim, but al-
Wagidi holds that Abu al-Marazim was the kunyah of Ya`la b.
Umayyah.
1356. The reference is to Sad b. Abi Waggas, and the occasion was the battle of
al-Qadisiyyah; see al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2357, 2361.
1357. Or the Prophet's client; he was of Persian, or bedouin, origin. There are
twenty-one versions of his name. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 22, 190; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 71; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 480; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 58.
1358. A Companion of the Prophet, of the northern tribe Ghifar, resident of al-
Basrah. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 33, 175; In Hibban, Mashahir, 72.
1359. Counted among the Companions, although some doubted that he had
ever seen the Prophet. He was a Kindi, lived in Hims, and died in the year 87/706
or, according to Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, during the caliphate of `Abd al-Malik. According to
Abu Zur'ah, 237, 240, he was associated with al-Walid b. `Abd al-Malik. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 72, 304; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 91; In Hajar, Isa-
bah, III, 455; Ibn Manznr, Mukhtasar, XXV, 222-24.
1360. A Companion of the Prophet, of the Thagif, resident of al-Basrah. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 53, 131; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 78.
300 Biographies
Qarazah b. Ka`b.1361
His kunyah was Abu `Amr.
Hudhayfah b. al-Yaman.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
Al-Migdad b. al-Aswad.
1361. An Ansari Companion of the Prophet who lived in al-Kufah and com-
manded the force that conquered al-Rayy (but cf. p. 294, above; al-Bars' b. `Azib).
He was later appointed governor of the town by `Ali and died during the caliphate
of `Ali or Mu`awiyah. See al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2650, 3173; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 94-95; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 82.
1362. A Companion of the Prophet of the northern, Kinani clan the Banu Layth;
he lived in al-Basrah and died in the year 74/693-94. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 30; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 70.
1363. An early convert and a famous Qur'an reader reputed for his courage in the
battle of al-Yamamah against Musaylimah, where he was killed. See Jeffery, 234;
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 77; idem, Tabagat, 12; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 45-6;
al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, I, 264; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 301. His patron, Abu Hudhayfah, was a
Qurashi of the Umayyad clan.
1364. That is, as opposed to freeing a slave on condition that he stays in the
household, which involved rights and obligations for both the freedman and his
patron. See Crone, Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law, 67-68; Ibn Qutaybah,
Ma`arif, 118-19.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 301
Hudhayfah b. al-Yaman.
He was known by the name of his great-grandfather's grand-
father. He was [actually] the son of Husayl b. Jabir b. Rabi ah b.
`Amr b. Jirwah b. al-I.Iarith b. Qutay`ah b. 'Abs b. Baghid. Jirwah b.
al-Harith is the Yaman who fathered Hudhayfah. He was thus
1365. He was an ally of the Bann Zuhrah of the Quraysh. See al-Baladhuri,
Ansab, I, 295; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 140-41.
1366. His identity is uncertain, except that he was of the Sulaym , and the
identification between him and Dhu al -Yadayn is uncertain as well; see Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, I, 422-23; cf. Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`ari f, 140-41. Note that at the beginning of
the entry al-Tabari takes Dhu al-Shimalayn and Dhu al-Yadayn to be one and the
same person.
1367. A Qurashi Companion who died in the year 9/630 (before the Prophet); see
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 91-92.
1368. A rather obscure Companion, counted by some scholars among those
killed at Badr, according to others he died in the year 30/650-51 or 38/658-59. See
Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 191-92 s.v. Safwan b. Wahb; Ibn Sa`d, III/1, 303; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh , 18; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, 225.
302 Biographies
Ya`la b. Siyabah.
Siyabah was his mother, and his father was Murrah, so he was
[actually] Ya`la b. Murrah.
Ya`la b. Munyah.
Munyah was his mother, and his father was Umayyah, so he
was [actually] Ya`la b. Umayyah.
Tamim al-Dari.
He was known by the name of al-Dar b. Hani', [a clan] of the
Lakhm. He was the son of Aws b. Kharijah al-Dari.
1369. The `Abd al-Ashhal, a part of the Aws, originated in the southern (Yemeni)
confederation of al-Azd.
11370. The nickname is a reference to his creative poetic talent.
1371. There are various versions of his name. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
69; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, III, 607.
11372. Hulb is in fact a noun meaning "hair" or "bristle," the adjective is halib,
and indeed some scholars vocalize the name that way; see Ibn Hajar, Isabah, 609.
1373. See Ibn Hajar, Tahdhfb, VIII, 350-5 r; Ibn Sa`d, VI, 2o6.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 303
1374. An Ansari Companion, son and grandson of Companions, who died in the
year 100/718-19. See Ibn Sa`d, V, 59-60; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, I, 231; cf. Isabah, IV,
9-
1375. When the Medinans, at the 'Agabah meeting, agreed to shelter the Proph-
et and the Muslims in Medina, the Prophet appointed twelve leaders, nugaba', to
take charge of the Medinans ' affairs. See Ibn Hisham , II, 86-89; Guillaume, 204.
On As`ad b . Zurarah, said to have been one of the earliest converts to Islam in
Medina, see Muir, 117, n . 119; Ibn Hajar, Isdbah, I, 34-35.
1376. He lived in Medina and died in the year 100 /718-19. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 248; Ibn Hibban, Mashahzr, 117; idem, Thigat, V, 340; al-
Sam`ani, V, 361-62.
1377. A transmitter who settled on the frontier ( and participated in the jihad
there ); he died in the year 117/735 ( there are other versions ). See Ibn Hajar, Tah-
dh1b, IV, 34-35; Ibn Manznr, Mukhtasar, X, 6-8.
1378. One of the most famous Qur'an readers and an ascetic , who died in the
year 130/747-48 or 132/749-50. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 429; idem,
Tabagat, 262; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 124; Ibn al-Jazari, II, 382 - 84; Ibn Qutaybah,
Ma'arif, 230.
1379. A Qurashi Companion, of the Bann Makhznm, who lived in Medina; see
Ibn Sa`d, V, 18.
304 Biographies
Abu Salihh al -Samman, that is, al-Zayyat ( the oil seller), a client
of the Ghatafan or, according to another version , of a woman of
the Qays named Juwayriyyah.1382
He is also known as Abu Suhayl , and his name was Dhakwan.
Abu Salih from whom the people of Filastin transmitted [tra- [2547]
ditions].1391
[His name was ] Rudaylh.
Abu Salih.1394
1387. In Sa`d VI, 158; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 210; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XVII,
360-63. He figures in yet other sources, but only Ibn Hibban, Thigdt, V, 458, has
the information that he was a Kufan and a Shi`i, executed by the governor al-Hajjaj.
According to Dodge, in Ibn al-Nadim, II, 1091, he was a genealogist; Dodge refers to
Ibn al-Nadim, I, 205, but there is no way of identifying the genealogist Abu Salih
mentioned there. Abu Zayd's Tabagat al-nassdbin records no genealogist named
Abu Salih.
1388. A Kufan traditionist; see al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XM, 462-65.
1389. His name was Said b. `Abd al-Rahman, and apparently he was a client. See
Ibn Sa`d, V, 223; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 538.
139o. A Kufan, client of the Kindah, who was with `Ali in the battle of
Nahrawan, against the Khawarij. See al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXIX, 197-98; Ibn Sa`d, V,
223.
1391. Rudayh b. `Atiyyah of the Quraysh, said to be the muezzin of [the mosque
in] Jerusalem (mu'adhdhin bayt al-magdis). See Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 234-35;
Abu Zur`ah, 448; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 292; Ibn Abi Hatim, 1/2, 518. His kunyah
was also Abu al-Walid; cf. al-Wasiti, 14, 36, and passim.
1392. A client of the Tayyi' who lived in al-Basrah and later in al-Yamamah and
died in the year 129/746-47; see Ibn Sa`d, V, 404.
1393. Al-Dulabi, II, 1o has Qaylubah. Ibn Sa`d, VII/i, 165, and Abu Zur`ah, 479:
Qayluyah.
1394. A Basran and a Shi`i, who studied Qur'an exegesis from `Abdallah Ibn
`Abbas; he died after the turn of the first century. See Abu Zur'ah, 479; Ibn Hibban,
Thiqat, V, 458; al-Sadr, 23.
306 Biographies
1395. For Khalid, see p. 221, above. By al-Taymi Sulayman al-Taymi is meant;
see Ibn Hibban, Thigdt, V, 458. Several traditionists bore this name, the most
famous being Sulayman b. Tarkhan, father of al-Mu'tamir. See Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib,
IV, 170, 176, 181, 187; al-Sam`ani, I, 498-501.
1396. Ibn Sa'd, V, 222.
1397. According to Abu Zur'ah, 478: Turkan. For the version al-Harith, see al-
Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXIII, 420-22.
1398. He was born in the Prophet's lifetime but embraced Islam after the Proph-
et's death and died in the year 83/702-3. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 155;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 159; Ibn Hajar, Isabah, II, 167-68; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif,
198.
1399. Of the northern Shayban, a branch of the Bakr b. Wa'il. He lived in the
time of the Prophet but embraced Islam after the Prophet's death and died in the
year 101/719-20 (there are other versions. See Khalifahb. Khayyat, Tabagat, 156;
Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 160; Ibn Sad VI, 70. He should not be confused with the
philologist bearing the same kunyah.
1400. Or Said b. Juhman. He was a client of Umm Hani', sister of `Ali, and a
supporter of `Ali who died during the caliphate of `Abd al-Malik or his son al-Walid.
See Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, N, 63; al-Quhpa'I, I, 302-4 (s.v. Thuwayr).
1401. A Kufan jurist of the northern Qaysi tribe Muharib; see Ibn Hazm, Jam-
harat, 259-60. He was a supporter of `All and died during the caliphate of `Abd al-
Malik (there are other versions). See Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, N, 145; al-Dhahabi, Siyar,
N, 179.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 307
11402. Son of the Companion Abu Musa al -Ash`ari, called after his uncle `Amir,
cf. P. 1147, above. He was a judge in al-KUfah under al-Hajjaj and died in the year
103/721-22 ( there are other versions) . See Ibn Sa`d, VI, 187; Ibn IIajar, Tahdhib,
XII, 211-22; Waki `, II, 408-1111.
1403. Read al-Du'ili, of the northern clan al-Du 'il, a branch of the Kininah; see
Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 184-85. He was a supporter of `Ali and held certain offices in
his time, dying at al-Basrah in the year 69/688. He is considered to be the first Arab
philologist, but, according to Fuck, this claim is unwarranted . It is also claimed
that he was the first to vocalize the Qur 'anic text. See "Abu al-Aswad al-Du`ali,"
E12, I, 1106-7 (J. W. Fiick); al-Sadr, 20, 122-28; Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rfkh, 184; Ibn
Ilibban, Mashahir, 152; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 197.
11404 . Rufay` b. Mihran. He was a client of a Riyal i woman (a family of the
Tamimi clan the Yarbu`) in al-Basrah, who died in the year 93/711-12. See Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 153 no. 697 ; cf. P. 308, below; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, VIII,
326-32; Ibn `Adi, III, 1022-31.
1405. A slave freed by `Umar who lived in Iraq . It seems that his main impor-
tance lies in the story of his release from slavery; see Ibn Sa`d, VII/i, 85-86.
11406. A Basran traditionist , a client of Umar' s family who died in the year
165/781-82 (there are other versions). See In Sa`d, VII/2 , 35; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib,
X, 27-29; In Hibban, Mashahir, 249; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, VII, 2811-85.
11407. Of the Tamimi clan, the `Utarid ; see Ibn Hazm, famharat, 218. He was
born in the Prophet's lifetime but embraced Islam only after the Prophet 's death.
He died in al-Basrah in the year 105/723-24 (there are other versions) . According to
Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 1189, he died at the age of 128. See Khalifah b. Khayyit,
Ta'rr kh, 344; idem, Tabagat, 196; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 142.
308 Biographies
Abu al-Zinba`.1408
His name was Sadagah b. Salih.
1408. Al-Dulabi, I, 184; Ibn Sa 'd, VI, 218, VII/1, 165, only mentions his name
among the Kufan Successors.
1409. The 'Atik was a tribe of the southern confederation of the Azd; see al-
Sam'ani, IV, 153. Abu Ayyub was a Basran who died after the year 80/699-700. See
Ibn I;iajar, Tahdhib, XII, 19; Ibn Abi Hatim, IV/2, 19o; al-Dulabi, I, roe; cf. Ibn Sa'd,
VII/I, 164. There are several versions of his name and tribal affiliation, among
them Yahya b. Malik. See also p. 310, below.
141o. A client of a Riyahi woman (of the Yarbu` of the Tamim) who died in the
year 90/708-9. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 153, biography no. 698; cf. Abu
al-`Aliyah mentioned on p. 307, above.
1411. A Basran traditionist who was either a Kindi, an Azdi, or a Kinani and
supported `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr in the second civil war, dying in the year
128/745-46 (there are other versions ). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 403; idem,
Tabagat, 215; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 154-55; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, VI, 346.
1412. Khawlan was a branch of the southern Saba ' or of the Quda` ah; see al-
Sam'ini, II, 419. Abu Muslim was a Syrian ascetic and Qur'an reader who, during
the caliphate of Mu`awiyah, embraced Islam and died. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 307; Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 181; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`ari f, 194; Abu Zur`ah,
226, 227 (= 690); Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XII, 55-67; Abu Nu`aym, II, 122-31.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 309
1413. Another version of his name is Ja'far b . Kurayb. He was a Syrian Successor
whose death date is variously given in the years 100/718-19, 127 /744-45, before
86/705, and so on . Such variations between versions are unusual . See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 311; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, I, io; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, VI,
245-46; Abu Zur'ah, 214; In Ilibban, Mashahir, 184, 284.
1414. A Qurashi of the Hashimi clan and a descendant of the Prophet 's uncle
Abu Talib, known as a weak transmitter if not an outright forger . See Khalifah b.
Khayyit, Tabagat, 325; al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, III, 78; Ibn 'Adi, IV, 1483-84-
1415. According to al-Dulabi, I, 141, he was a client of Ibn 'Abbas. However, the
authors of the great biographical works (Ibn Hajar, al-Mizzi, Ibn Sa'd, Ibn 'Ad!,
among others ) do not mention him.
1416. Or Sulayman, sometimes confused with Salamah b. Dinar; see al-Dulabi,
I, 141. He was a client of an Ashja'i woman (from a branch of the northern Qays
'Aylan) and died during the caliphate of Umar II . See Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 174;
Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, N, 123; Ibn Sa 'd, VI, 205.
1417. An Azdi, resident of al-Basrah, a hdfiz, and an expert on the Qur'an and
religious law who died in the year 93/711-12 (not 73 as recorded in some sources,
for he died the same week as Anas b. Milk). See Khalifah b. Khayyit , Tabagat, 210;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 144; al-Sayrawan, 70.
1418. According to al-Dulabi , II, 5, he was a client of Umar b . 'Ubaydallah b.
Ma'mar, a Qurashi Medinan notable , officiating as judge in al-Basrah for Harm al-
Rashid; see Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, VII, 424 (s.v. 'Umar b. 'Uthman). Humayd al-
Tawil's name was Humayd b. Tarkhan ; he was a client of Talhah al-Talhat (_
Talhah b . 'Abdallah ). He died in the year 142 / 759-60; see Ibn Qutaybah , Ma'arif,
211.
31 0 Biographies
[Abu Layla].1423
It was reported on the authority of Ibn al-Muthanna : The name
of Abu Layla, father of `Abd al-Ralhman b. Abi Layla, was Da'ud.
1419. Abu Hamrah, Nasr b. `Imran, in Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 206. He was a
Barran of the northern tribe Dubay`ah, a branch of the Rabi`ah ; see Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat, 292-93; he died in the year 124/741-42. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'r-
ikh, 372; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 151.
1420. A Kufan of the northern Thagif tribe. See al-Dulabi, I, 134; Ibn Hibban,
Thigat, VII, 456; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, X, 332. Al Mu`tamir died in the year 187/803.
1421. Of the northern tribe Fazarah. He fought on `Ali's side in the battle of
Nahrawan and later lived in Wasit. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 325; al-
Dulabi, I, 130; Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 60; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXIII, 162.
1422. In all probability the reference is to Da'ud b. Abi Hind, although this
person's kunyah is usually given as Abu Bakr or Abu Muhammad. Abu Hind's
name was Dinar b. `Udhafir, the latter being quite a rare name . See p. 328, below.
1423. Seep. 282, above. It is not clear whether there are two different Abu Laylas
or only one whose name is not certain.
1424. Al-Tabari probably made a mistake here. According to all the sources I
examined, the Abu Ayyub from whom Qatadah (b. Di`amah) transmitted was
Yahya b. Malik. There seems, however, to be a confusion between Abu Ayyub al-
Maraghi Yahya b. Malik, associated with Qatadah (al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXIII, 6o-
61; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 529; al-Dulabi, I, 103), and Abu Ayyub al-`Ataki, also
called Yahya b. Malik by Ibn Main (al-Dulabi, I, 103). The latter is called Yahya b.
al-Mundhir by al-Tabari, seep. 308, above. Al-Sam`ani, V, 245, records Abu Ayyub,
Yahya b. Malik, under al-Maraghi but no Abu Ayyub under al-`Ataki.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 311
1425. The manuscript has Hantah; see 2549, n. e. There seems to be no person
with the kunyah Abu Khabtah. The closest I could reach was one of Malik's
informants named al-Hakam (not Hakim) b. `Utaybah b. al-Nahhas b. Hantab. The
last is a rather unusual name and could easily be garbled. Al-Hakam b. `Utaybah,
however, was a famous judge, not known as a traditionist , and, in addition, his
kunyah is usually given as Abu Muhammad and not Abu I Iantab (but many people
had more than one kunyah). He died in the year 115/733-34; see Ibn IIajar, Tah-
dhib, II, 374. For Malik b. Mighwal, a Kufan traditionist who died in the year
158/774-75, see Ibn Hajar, ibid., X, 20-21; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 267.
1426. A client of the Quraysh, of the second half of the first/seventh century,
resident of Wasit. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 155; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
175; Ibn `Adi, IV, 1432; In Hajar, Tahdhib, V, 24 (read Nafi` for Nafa`).
1427. Abu Sufyan Tarif b. Shihib of the Tamim, a Barran traditionist; see Ibn
'Adi, IV, 1436-38; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XIII, 377-80. Abu Mu`awiyah mentioned
here is Muhammad b. KhAzim, a Kufan client of the Tamimi group, the Bant Sa'd,
who died in the year 195/810-11. He was a hafiz but held Murji'i views; see al-
Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXV, 123-33-
1428. A companion of `Abdallah b. Masud; see al-Dulabi, I, 161.
1429. A Kufan of the southern tribe Arhab, a branch of Harridan, who lived in
the second half of the first/seventh century. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 176; al-
Mizzi, Tahdhib, XI, 291-95.
143o. A Kufan Hamdani traditionist. See Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, VII, 250-51; al-
Dhahabi, Siyar, V, 313; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XX, 323-25.
1431. Al-Dulabi, I, 127; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, III, 296. Al-Fazari was the hafiz
Marwan b. Mu`awiyah, a descendant of the leading family of the Fazarah. He lived
in al-KUfah, Mecca, and Damascus and died in the year 194/809-1o (there are other
versions). See al-Sam`ani, IV, 380; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXIV, 224-26.
312 Biographies
1441. Abu Sinan al-Asghar, of the northern Shayban, a jurist of the second
century, originally a Kufan, who settled in al-Rayy. See Ibn I iibban, Mashahir, 26o;
Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 109; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 492-95.
1442. According to al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XVIII, 415-16, and al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, II,
15 3: `Abd al-Malik b. Muslim b. Salam, a Kufan transmitter of the generation of
Sufyan al-Thawri (d. 161/777-78). Some say he was a Shi`i.
1443. A Syrian, counted among the Companions. According to Abu Zur`ah, 695,
his name was al -Mughirah b. Farwah. He died before the year 113/731-32. See also
Abu Zur`ah, 327; In Hajar, Isdbah, IV, 6.
1444. A Kufan of the northern Sulaym tribe who was a Khariji but renounced
the creed later in life. He died during the second quarter of the eighth century. See
Ibn Sa'd, VI, 208; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 290-91.
1445 . A Kufan Successor of the southern tribe Zubayd of whose name there are
several versions . He died during the caliphate of `Abd al-Malik. See al-Dhahabi,
Mizdn, III, 377 (Abu Kabir); al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 219-20.
1446. A transmitter of the first half of the eighth century who originated in
Khurasan and lived in al-Mada'in. See al-DUlabi, II, 154; Ibn 'Ad!, VII, 2704; al-
Dhahabi, Mizdn, III, 285-86; cf. 309, where he is called Yazid b. Hayyan (read
Hayyan for Hibban).
1447. A slave, or client, of the Banu Asad in al-Kufah, who died in the year
100/718-19. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 158; In Hibban, Mashahir, 176;
In Sa`d, VI, 88.
1448. There are several versions of the name. He was a Kufan, some say, a Shri,
who died in the year 133/750-51. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 163; al-Mizzi,
Tahdhib, XXXIV, 303; al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, III, 382.
1449. A Basran traditionist of the first half of the eighth century who belonged
to the Ragash, a group from the northern Qays `Aylan. See al-Mizzi, Tahdhib,
XXXII, 166-67; al-Sam `ani, III, 81.
314 Biographies
145o. He is not recorded in the lists of informants of al-Sha'bi and Ibn jubayr. He
belonged to the northern Asad, not to the southern Azd as recorded here (the
southern Azd are sometimes called Asd, so that an Azdi may be called Asdi, but
not the reverse) and was among those entrusted by Sa'd b. Abi Waggas ( or `Umar b.
al-Khattabj with the planning of al-KUfah . See Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, IV, 324;
al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, VII, 471-72 (his name is given as I;Iayyah b. al-Husayn); al-
Baladhuri, Futnh (de Goeje), 276; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 194; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 141; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2369, 2488, 2491.
1451. Abu Maryam was a Kufan traditionist and a companion of 'Abdallah b.
Masud; see Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 58. Al-Ash'ath was the son of Sulaym b. al-
Aswad, mentioned above, a Kufan traditionist who died in the year 125/741-42.
See Ibn Hibban, Thigat, VI, 62; al-Safadi, IX, 275.
1452. A Kufan of the southern Hamdan confederation of the second half of the
seventh century; he was a Shi i . His name was Sawwar or Musawir (b. Mus'ab?).
See al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXIII, 21; Ibn I.Iibban, Thiqat, IV, 338; idem, Majruhin, I,
356; al-Quhpa'i, III, 175.
1453. Sahib a1-gasab, which can also mean "the sugarcane seller." A Kufan
transmitter . See al-Dulabi, II, 156; Ibn Hibban , Thigat, VII, 66o. It is recorded that
Ibrahim al-Nakha 'i (d. 96/714) transmitted from him.
1454. A Medinan, one of the notables of the Quraysh, of the Makhzum clan. He
was born in the Prophet's lifetime and died in the year 43/663-64. See Ibn Hajar,
Isabah, III, 66; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 109; idem, Thigat, III, 253.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 315
Marwan b . al-Hakam.1456
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Malik.
145 5. A Qurashi of the Hashim! clan, a jurist . See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabaqat,
231; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, III, (DUn), 295.
1456. The fourth Umayyad caliph , founder of the Marwanid branch of the Um-
ayyads, reigned 64-65 /684-85. See "Marwan b. al-Hakam," E12, VI, 621-23 (C. E.
Bosworth); Strayer, Dictionary, s.v. "Marwan (I) ibn al-Ilakam" ( L. Conrad); Ham-
marneh; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 125-60; al-Munajjid , 158-59.
1457. Another version of his kunyah is Abu al -Qasim; he thus bears both the
name and kunyah of the Prophet . He was the son of the close Companion of the
Prophet Talhah b. `Ubaydallah and known for his piety . He was killed in the battle
of the Camel on `A'ishah's side. See In Qudamah, 322-24; Khalifah b . Khayyat,
Tabagat, 233; Ibn Iiibban, Mashahfr, 45; In Sa `d, V, 37-39.
1458. Of the Hudhayl, nephew of the Companion `Abdallah b. Mas`nd. He acted
as the leader of prayer (imam) and a judge in al-Kufah and died in the year 73/692-
93 or 74/693 - 94. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 266, 271; idem, Tabagat, 141-
42; Ibn liibban, Mashahlr, 166; Waki `, II, 402-4.
1459. A son of the Kind! prince al-Ash`ath b . Qays and father of the rebel `Abd al-
Rahman b . Muhammad. He was a leader of the Kindah and governor of Tabaristan
for `Ubaydallah b. Ziyad, then of Mosul for `Abdallah b . al-Zubayr. He fell in battle
against al-Mukhtar in the year 67/686-87. See Crone, Slaves, 110; "al-Ash`ath b.
I.ays," E12, VII, 400-1 (G. R. Hawting ). al-Baladhuri, Ansdb, V, 241, 251-54, 259-
6o; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 146; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 166. He must not be
confused with the early `Abbasid general, Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath b . `Ugbah al-
Khuza'i.
316 Biographies
1460 . Another version of his kunyah is Abu `Abdallah . He was a son of the
Ansari (Awsi ) Companion Khuzaymah b. Thabit, and died in Medina in the year
ro5/723-24. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 344; idem, Tabagat, 248; In Hib-
ban, Mashahir, 115.
1461. A Medinan, son of the Ansari Companion Ubayy b. Ka`b. He was born in
the Prophet's lifetime and died in the battle of al-Harrah in the year 63/683. See Ibn
Hajar, Isabah, III, 471-72; Ibn Sa`d, V, 55; Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, 237-38.
1462 . A famous, most highly regarded Medinan jurist, hafiz, historian, and
genealogist of the Qurashi clan the Makhzum . He was put in prison for refusing to
give allegiance to al-Walid and Sulayman, sons of the caliph `Abd al-Malik, and
died in the year 94 /712-13. See F. Sezgin, I, 276; In Sa `d, V, 88-106; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 244; In Hibban, Mashahir, 105; al-Sayrawan, 96; `Abd al-Malik
Ibn Habib, 16o-6r, 170; Abu Zayd, Tabaqat al-nassabin, 26.
1463. Of the southern confederation the Azd. A general and governor of
Khurasan under al -Hajjaj, founder of the Muhallabi family and the Azdi power in
Khurasan, father of the rebel Yazid b. al-Muhallab. He died in the year 83/703. See
Hawting, First Dynasty, 66 , 73; "al-Muhallabb. Abi Sufra," EI2 , VII, 357 (P. Crone);
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 201; In Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 175.
1464. Of the clan Banu al-Harish, a branch of the northern `Amir b. Sa`sa`ah. He
was a prayer leader (imam) and judge in al -Basrah, who died in the year 73/692-93
(there are other versions ). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 303 , 306; idem, Taba-
qat, 197; In Hibban, Mashahir, 153-54; idem , Thigat, IV, 266; Wakl ', I, 292-97.
1465. A Basran of the Banu al-Harish ( see note 1464, above). He died in the year
108/726-27 or 111 /729-30. Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 352; idem, Tabagat, 208;
Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 532.
1466. A Companion , tribal leader, and supporter of `Ali, which did not hinder
him from visiting Mu`awiyah at his court . He lived in al-Basrah . See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 44; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 71; al-Dabbi, 35, 41-42; Nasr b.
Muzahim, 24 - 25, 205.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 317
Thabit al-Bunani.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad and his [full] name Thabit b.
Aslam.
Qabisah b. Dhu'ayb.1469
His kunyah was Abu Ishaq or, according to another version,
Abu Said.
1467. A Basran of the Azd confederation who participated in the revolt of `Abd
al-Rahman Ibn al-Ash'ath and was killed in battle. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'r-
ikh, 281, 286; idem, Tabagat, 205; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 149; idem, Thigat, V,
224.
1468. A jurist, traditionist, storyteller (gass), and judge who lived in Medina and
Syria. (It is not certain that he was a judge: The sources sometimes confuse gadf,
with gass, the two words being graphically similar, and he was not recorded by
Waki`. He died in Alexandria in the year 103/721-22 (there are other versions. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 354; idem, Tabagat, 247; In I Iibban, Mashdhir, r 14;
`Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 174; al-Sayrawan, 128; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XVII, 8o-
83.
1469. Of the Khuzi'ah; a jurist and traditionist, responsible for the postal (and
spying) services (band), as well as the seal (khatam), under the caliph `Abd al-
Malik b. Marwan. He died in the year 86/705 (there are other versions). See Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 236; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 293, 302; idem, Tabaqat, 309;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 106-7; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 356; Abu Zur'ah, 405, 408;
Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXI, 63-64.
318 Biographies
`Urwah b. al-Zubayr.1470
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
Mus`ab b. al-Zubayr.1472
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
1475. Brother of the caliph `Abd al-Malik and father of the caliph Umar R. He
served his father and `Abd al-Malik as governor of Egypt, where he died in the year
82 or 83/702-3. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 2,40-41; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
193; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 183-84; al-Kindi, 44-51.
1476. A Medinan Successor, son of the Aslami Companion Salamah b. al-
Akwa`; he died in the year 119/737. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 249; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 116; idem, Thigat, IV, 35.
1477. A Medinan Successor, of the Khazraj. He died during the caliphate of al-
Walid I (86-96/7o5-15; there are other versions). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Taba-
qat, 254; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 125; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, VII, 311-13.
1478. Brother of the just- mentioned Hamzah . He is sometimes considered a
Companion, having been born in the Prophet's lifetime. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 253; In Hibban, Thigat, V, 419-20; Ibn Sa'd, V, 201.
1479. A storyteller (gays) who lived in Medina in the second half of the seventh
century. His origin was in Isfahan, and he was a client of the northern tribe
Juhaynah. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 265; Ibn Sa`d, V, 210; Ibn Hibban,
Thigat, IV, 333.
320 Biographies
Zirr b. Hubaysh.1485
148o. Shu'bah b. Dinar; he lived in Medina and died around the year 100/718-19
(there are other versions). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 280; Ibn Sa'd, V, 217;
al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XII, 497-500.
1481. He died in the year 101/719-20. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 332;
idem, Tabagat, 281.
1482. A Medinan of the second half of the seventh century. See Ibn I;Iibban,
Thigat, V, 486; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 246.
1483. An early Egyptian transmitter and, according to Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, X,
360, also a jurist (although faqih may mean "intelligent"), who died in the year
80/699-700. See Ibn Sa`d, V, 219; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 485.
1484. A 12afiz, a descendant of the Aws (Ansirj, of some standing in al-Kufah
(but see Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 216, where rivals of his son refute the genealogy,
and see p. 282, above). He died in the year 83/702-3, participating in the revolt of
`Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat,
150; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 164; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, IVa, 232; Ibn IIazm, Jam-
harat, 335; al-Sayrawan, fro.
1485. A member of the northern tribe Asad, who lived in pre-Islamic times and
embraced Islam only after the Prophet's death; he became a supporter of All b. Abi
Talib. In addition to transmitting traditions, he was an expert on the Arabic lan-
guage. He died during the revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath, in the year 82/701-2. See Ibn
I;Iajar, Isabah, I, 577; al-Kashshi, I, 241, III, 25; Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabagat, 140;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 161; idem, Thigat, IV, 269.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 321
Shabath b. Rib`i.
His kunyah was Abu `Abd al-Quddus.
Raja' b. Haywah.1490
His kunyah was Abu Nasr.
1486. A hafiz and judge, counted as one of the Himyar . It was reported that he
was appointed judge of al-Kufah by `Umar and held the post for seventy -five years
(! ) He died in 80/699-700 . See Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`ari f, 191-92; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 145; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 16o; Wak! `, II, 189-398; al-Sayrawan, ioi.
1487. A Kufan jurist and ascetic of the rather obscure, northern tribe Thawr,
who died in the year 63/682 -83. See Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 201; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 141; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 16o; Abu Nu`aym, II, 105-19.
1488. A Kufan, of the northern tribe `Abs, who died around the year 70/689-90.
See Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabagat, 143 ; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 169.
1489. A client of a Qurashi clan. He was black, crippled , blind, and a highly
regarded 1lafiz and jurist . He lived in Mecca, where he died in the year 115/733-34
or 116/ 734-35 . See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 361; idem, Tabagat, 280; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 133; al-Ja`di, 58-59; al-Sayrawan, 127-28.
149o . A Kind! or a client of the Kindah . He was a Syrian, a highly-regarded jurist,
very influential at the Umayyad court . He died in the year 112/730-31. See
Bosworth, " Raja' ibn Haywa ." Gil, 121 (I thank Amikam El`ad for these two refer-
ences). Hawting, First Dynasty, 72; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 310; Ibn Hibban,
Mashdhir, 189; Abu Zur`ah, 335, 336, 337, 370, 623, 711; Ibn `Asakir, Ta'rikh, VI,
230-40.
322 Biographies
Maymun b. Mihran.1491
His kunyah was Abu Ayyub.
Wahb b. Munabbih.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
1491. A client of the northern tribe Nasr b. Mu'awiyah of the Hawazin; see Ibn
Hazm, Jamharat, 269 (there are other versions of the tribe). He was a hafiz, a
leading jurist in the Jazirah (Mesopotamia), and collector of the Kharaj tax for
`Umar II. He died in the year 117/735 (there are other versions). See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 319; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashahir, 19o; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 198; al-
Sayrawan, 178; `Abd al-Malik Ibn Habib, 174.
1492. The spelling in most of the sources is Haan. He was an early Egyptian
transmitter and a source of information for `Abdallah b. Lahi'ah and al-Layth b.
Sa'd, among others. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 293; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V,
452; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXVIII, 7-8; In I;Iajar, Tahdhib, X, 141; Ibn `Adi, VI, 2460.
1493. A famous Yemeni traditionist. He had reportedly a written collection of
traditions (sahifah). His death date is variously given as 101/719-20, 102/720-21,
132/749-50, etc. (unusually large disparities among the versions). See Khalifah b.
Khayyat Tabaqat, 287; Ibn I;libban, Mashahir, 198-99; Ibn Sa'd, V, 396; al-Mizzi,
Tahdhib, XXX, 298-300; al-Ja`di, 57. See also note 986, above.
1494. The least known of the Banu Munabbih, usually mentioned only as
"brother of Wahb and Hammam." See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 287; Ibn Sa'd,
V, 396; al-Ja'di, 57. See also note 986, above.
1495. In spite of his ancestry, he was not a Shi`i, and perhaps this is why Sunni
sources state that he was superior to his brother Abu Hashim (leader of the
Hashimiyyah movement). He is said to have been the first to discuss Murji'I views
and to put them in writing. He lived in Medina and died in the year 99 or 100/718-
19. See F. Sezgin, I, 594-95; In Hibban, Thigat, IV, 122; Ibn Sa`d, V, 241; al-
Dhahabl, Siyar, IV, 13o; al-Shahrastani, 106.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 323
Al-Dahhak b . Muzahim.1497
His kunyah was Abu al-Qasim.
1496. A famous jurist and hafiz of Persian origin who lived in Medina and died
in the year 119/737 (there are other versions ). See "Nafi`," EI2, VII, 127-28 (G. H. A.
Juynboll); Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 191 ; idem, Tabagat, 256; In Hibban,
Mashahir, 129; al-Sayrawan, 179.
1497. A member of the northern tribe Hilal who is variously said to have lived in
Khurasan, al-Kufah, and other places. He was an expert on the Qur'an and a teacher
and died in the year 105/723-24 (there are other versions). See F. Sezgin, I, 29-30;
In al-Nadim, I, 75,11, 977; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 311; Ibn Hibban, Mash-
ahir, 308; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 201 -2. In al-Jazari, I, 337; al-Sayrawan, 239;
Nuwayhid, I, 237.
1498. A client of the northern Banu Yashkur, a branch of Bakr b. Wa'il; see Ibn
Hazm, famharat, 308. He was a Basran jurist and a Qadari and died in the year
156/772 - 73 (there are other versions ). See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh, 457; idem,
Tabagat, 220; Ibn I Iibban, Mashahir, 149; al- Sayrawan, 96; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif,
222.
1499. A Baghdadi, client of the northern tribe Banu Asad . He was appointed over
the court of grievances (mazalim ) in Baghdad, and died in the year 194/8o9-1o. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 503; idem, Tabagat, 224, 328; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir,
255; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 221.
15oo. Son of the Basran traditionist and historian and client of the Sulaym (or
Murrah) Sulayman b . Tarkhan (or Tahman; but this version is due perhaps to a
confusion between him and another Abu al -Mu`tamir, Yazid b. Tahman, see p.
313, above ). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 493; idem, Tabagat, 224-25; Ibn
Ijibban, Mashahir, 253; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 209; al-Sayrawan, 175; Ibn Sa`d,
VII/2, 45.
324 Biographies
Mu`adh b. Mu`adh.1501
His kunyah was Abu al-Muthanna.
Hawdhah b. Khalifah.1502
His kunyah was Abu al-Ashhab.
15 Or. A Barran jurist, hafiz, and judge of the Tamimi clan the Banu al-'Anbar.
See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Ta'rikh, 480, 495, 501, 503; idem, Tabagat, 226; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 253; Waki `, II, 137-43.
1502. A descendant of Abu Bakrah who lived in al-Bakrah and Baghdad and died
in the year 215 /830-31 or 210/825-26. See Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'ari f, 226; Ibn Hibban,
Mashahir, 257.
11503. A Barran of the Tamimi clan Kulayb b. Yarbu; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat,
225. He held Qadari views. He died around the year 212/827-28 . See al-Dhahabi,
Mizdn, II, 10; Ibn `Adi, IV, 1652-53.
1504. A Barran hafiz, of the Asad tribe , who died in the year 228/842-43. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 229; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 229 ; Ibn Sa`d, VII/2, 57;
al-Sayrawan, 172.
1505. A Kufan jurist of the southern tribe Murad who died in the year 118/736;
see Ibn al-Kalbi, Nasab ma'add, 333
1506. There are several persons by the name `Amr b. Dinar. The one meant here
was a jurist and mufti in Mecca who died in the year 126/743-44. See Khalifah b.
Khayyit, Tabagat, 281; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 137; al-Razi, 582; Ibn Sa' d, V, 353-
54; al-Ja'di, 59-60; Wham or Badhan, who had been governor of the Yemen for
Khusraw and later for the Prophet , was killed during the latter's lifetime; see Ibn
Hajar, Isabah , I, 170.
1507. A Basran of Ansari origin , apparently of the first half of the eighth century;
see Ibn `Adi, III, 11oo-5. Al-Dhahabi, Mizan, I, 409, records an odd piece of infor-
mation: "He was a client of the Qurayzah and al-Nadir "; both were Jewish Medi-
nan tribes , the former exterminated, the latter exiled from Medina by the Prophet
more than a century before Sulayman 's time. Perhaps the reference is to former
ties of his family with the Jews in Medina.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 325
`Ubaydallah b. al-Akhnas.1512
His kunyah was Abu Malik.
1508. A client of the Hashimi `Abdallah b. al-Harith who lived in al-Kufah and
died in the year 136/753-54. According to al-Dhahabi, Siyar, VI, 129-33, he was a
Shi`i. See also idem, Mizdn, III, 310-11; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 441; In Sa'd,
VI, 237; al-Sayrawan, 189.
1509. A Kufan Successor, of the northern Asad tribe. He is said to have been
associated with `Umar b. al-Khattab. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 287; idem,
Tabagdt, 15z; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 17 S; Ibn Sa`d, VI, 8o-81.
1510. A famous Successor and a member of the Bajilah tribe who lived in al-
Kufah and died in the year 94/712-13 (there are other versions). See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 321; idem, Tabagdt, 151-52; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 164.
1511. A Kufan transmitter. He is often confused with another person by the
same name whose kunyah was Abu al-Hakam. See Ibn Hibban, Thigdt, VI, 421; al-
Mizzi, Tahdhib, XII, 315-17.
1512. A client of the Azd (there are other versions), a Kufan of the mid-eighth
century. See In I;Iibban, Thigdt, VII, 147; In Abi Hatim, II/2, 307.
1513. A client of the Banu Asad in al-Kufah who died in the year 119/737. See
Khalifah b. Khayyit, Ta'rikh, 364; idem, Tabagdt, 159; Ibn I Iibban, Mashdhir, 174.
1514. Read Munayn for Munn. An alternative kunyah: Abu Ismail. His tribal
affiliation is given as Yashkuri or Aslami, and he was a Kufan. See Ibn Hibban,
Thigdt, VII, 628; cf. 627: there is probably a confusion between two persons here.
See also Ibn `Adi, VII, 2736-37; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXII, 230-32.
326 Biographies
1515. A client of the Shayban, a branch of the Bakr b. Wa'il . He lived in Iraq and
died during the caliphate of Hisham. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 386; idem,
Tabaqat, 161 ; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 170.
1516. An important traditionist, a client of the Bajilah, who died in al-Kufah in
the year 145/762-63. Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 450; idem, Tabaqat, 167; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 178; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 211 ; al-Safadi, IX, 115.
1517. Yazid b. Suhayb al-Kufi. An early transmitter of the first half of the eighth
century. See Ibn Sa`d, VI, 213; al-Dulabi, II, 28; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 535.
1518. A Basran Successor of the Tamimi clan the Banu al-`Anbar , of the first half
of the eighth century. He must not be confused with the much more famous person
of the same name, whose kunyah was Abu al-`Abbas ( see Mustafa, I, 129(. See Ibn
Hibban, Thigat, VII, 554; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, III, 276.
1519. A client of the northern Qushayr; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 289 . He was of
Khurasani origin, a ha fiz, Qur'an reader and commentator, and a mufti. He lived in
Sarakhs and al-Basrah and died in the year 138/755-56 (there are other versions).
See Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 20; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, III, 177; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
445; idem, Tabagat, 218; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 238; Ibn al-Nadim, I, 75, II, 979;
Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 211 ; al-Sayrawan, 86, 229; Nuwayhid, I, 181-82.
1520. Or, Abu `Ali. A Basran Tamimi transmitter of the first half of the eighth
century. See Ibn `Adi, II, 562; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, II, 93; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, VI,
135.
1521. `Asim b. al-`Ajjaj orb. Abi al-Sabah (there are other versions of the name); a
Basran Qur'an reader who died in the year 129/746-47 . See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 411; idem, Tabaqat, 214; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 152; al-Dhahabi, ML-an,
II, 4; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 349.
1522. Of the northern Muzaynah tribe; see Ibn Hazm, Jamharat, 203. He was
judge of al-Basrah for Umar II and died after the year 120/738. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 330- 31; idem, Tabagat, 212; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 241; Waki`,
1, 312-74
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 327
'Amr b. Shu`ayb.1524
His kunyah was Abu Ibrahim.
`Ata' b. al-Sa'ib.1525
His kunyah was Abu Zayd.
1523. There are various versions of his tribal affiliation ('Abd al-Qays, Jarm, or
Kindah). He was a Successor and must not be confused with the fifth Shi'i imam.
See Ibn Hibban, Thigat, IV, 249; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, X, 10o-1.
1524. A descendant of the Qurashi Companion and statesman 'Amr b. al-'As,
who died in the year 118/736 in al-Ta'if. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 363;
idem, Tabaqat, 286; al-Zubayri, 411.
1525. His kunyah is variously given as Abu Zayd, Abu Yazid, and Abu al-Sa'ib.
Some call him a Kul an, whereas according to others he originated in Medina and
lived in Marw. He was a client of the northern tribe Thagif, a hafiz, and a Qur'an
reader and died in the year 136/753-54. See Ibn IIibban, Thigat, VII, 251-52; al-
Dhahabi, Siyar, VI, 110-14; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 513; al-Sayrawan, 128; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 164; Nuwayhid, I, 346.
1526. Or Abu 'Abd al-Rahman or Abu Waki'. He was a Kufan traditionist, ac-
cused of lying and inventing traditions . See al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXX, 100-2; al-
Dhahabi, Mizan, III, 247.
1527. A Kufan transmitter of the first half of the eighth century. See Ibn Hibban,
Thigat, IV, 32; In Hajar, Tahdhib, I, 298.
1528. Of the Nakha' tribe. Ahafiz and judge in al-Kufah and Baghdad who died
in the year 194/809-10 (there are other versions). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
501; idem, Tabagat, 170; Ibn Ilibban, Mashahir, 272; al-Sayrawan, 8o; Ibn
Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 222-23; Waki', III, 184-88.
1529. A Knfan of the middle or late eighth century, brother of the famous tradi-
tionist Sufyan b. 'Uyaynah, of the northern Hilal tribe. See Ibn Hibban, Thiqat, VII,
240; Ibn Iiajar, Tahdhib, VIII, 120-21; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, II, 278 (read 'Uyaynah
for 'Ayyah).
1530. Read Linah for Labid. He apparently lived in the first half of the eighth
century; see In Abi Hatim, N/1, 476.
328 Biographies
[He was] a Kufan, and the name of his father, Abu Maryam, was
Tahman.
Al-Nahhas b. Qahm.1533
His kunyah was Abu al-Khattab.
Thawr b. Yazid.1535
His kunyah was Abu Khalid.
15 31. Orb. Nadlah. He was a Kufan Qur'an reader of the Khuza`ah who died in
the year 74/693-94. See In Hibban, Mashahfr, 171; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh,
271; idem, Tabagat, 15o; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 498.
1532. A client of the Tamim, a hafiz, who was overseer of measures and scales
(muhtasib) in al-KUfah for the caliph al-Mansur, then a judge in al-Mada'in. He
died in the year 141 or 142/759-60. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 218,325; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahfr, 57; Waki', III, 132; al-Sayrawan, IoS; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif,
222.
15 3 3. A Basran transmitter and storyteller (gass), of the mid-eighth century. See
Ibn `Adi, VII, 2522-23; al-Dhahabi, Mfzan, III, 243.
1534. An Egyptian hafiz, of the Kindi group Tujib (called after the ancestress),
see Ibn I;Iazm, Jamharat, 429-30. He died in the year 158/774-75 (there are other
versions). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 296; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 298; al-
Sayrawan, 82. His kunyah is given in all these sources as Abu Zur`ah.
1535. A Himyari ( Kall'i ) who lived in Hims. He was considered trustworthy by
some, but others accused him of being a Qadari, and there is a report that he was
driven out of Hims. He died in Jerusalem in the year 15 3/770. See Abu Zur'ah, 3 5 9-
60, 398, 712-13; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 315; In Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 220-
21. He must not be confused with Thawr b. Zayd; see al-Tabari, Ta'rfkh, I, 1329, n.
d.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 329
Al-Layth b . Sa `d.1536
His kunyah was Abu al-Harith.
Rishdin b. Sa`d.1537
His kunyah was Abu a1-Hajjaj.
Sufyan b. Uyaynah.
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
15 36. A client of the rather insignificant northern tribe Fahm; see Ibn I Iazm,
famharat, 2 43. He was one of the leading jurists in Egypt and died in the year
175/791-92 . See Khoury, "al-Layth b. Sa`d"; idem, `Abd Allah Ibn Lahf a, 173-77;
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Tabagat, 296; In Hibban, Mashdhu, 303; al-Sayrawan, 14S;
Shihitah.
1537. An Egyptian transmitter, of the Quda`ah confederation, also known as
Abu al-Hajjaj al-Misri, who died in the year 188 /804. See Khalifah b . Khayyat,
Ta'rikh, 386; idem, Tabagat, 297; al-Dulibi, I, 144; al-Dhahabi , Mizdn, I, 338-39.
1538. A Kufan, grandson of the famous jurist Abu Ishaq of the southern Sabi` (a
branch of the Hamdan); he died in the year 191 / 806-7. See Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 317 - 18; Ibn Hibban, Mashdhir, 295.
1539. A client of the Dabbah who originated in Firyab, a village near Balkh and
moved to Caesarea in Palestine, where he died in the year 212/827-28. He was
associated with Sufyan al-Thawri. See al-Sam`ani, IV, 376; al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, III,
151; Abu Zur'ah, 26, 280; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XXM, 371-74.
1540. A client of the Taman who originated in Khurasan then settled in
Baghdad, later in Palestine, and died in the year 220/835. See Ibn Hibban , Thigat,
VIH, 134; Ibn Sa 'd, VII/2, 186.
1541. A client of the Azd (or of the Azdi chief al-Muhallab b . Abi Sufrah), who
lived in Mecca and died in the year 206/821 -22. He is said to have been a Murji' and
a forger of Prophetic traditions . See Khallfah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 284; Ibn Sa`d, V,
367; al-Dhahabi, Mfzdn, II, 145-47; idem, Siyar, IX, 434-36.
330 Biographies
Al-Fudayl b. `Iyad.1542
His kunyah was Abu `Ali.
Hilal b. Khabbab.1545
His kunyah was Abu al-`Ala'.
1542. Of the Tamimi clan Yarbu', an ascetic and 1lafiz. He originated in Samar-
qand and lived in al-Kurah and later in Mecca, where he died in the year 187/803.
His tomb became a place of pilgrimage. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 493;
idem, Tabagat, 284; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 235; Ibn Sa`d, V, 366; Abu Nu`aym,
VIII, 84-140; al-Sayrawan, 139-40.
1543. A descendant of the Qurashi Companion al-Miswar. He was a jurist,
mufti, and expert on the campaigns of Muhammad (maghazi(. Al-Wagidi obtained
information from him; see al-Wagidi, i. He lived in Medina, participated in the
revolt of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah in the year 145/762, and died in the year
170/786-87. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 275; al-Dhahabi, Mizan, II, 28;
idem, Siyar, VII, 328-30.
1544. Son of the fifth Shi`i imam (according to the Zaydiyyah), who lived in
Medina and apparently later in al-KUfah. He participated in the revolt of Muham-
mad al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah but, it seems, was reconciled with the 'Abbasids, judging
by the fact that his daughter was married to the caliph al-Mahdi (d. 169/785). See
van Arendonck, 61 n. 4; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, III, 258; al-Amin, XXVI, 81-91; al-
Safadi, XII, 367.
1545 . A client of Zayd b. Suhan, who was a Companion of the Prophet from the
`Abd al-Qays tribe. Hilal was a Kufan or Basran but settled in al-Mada'in, where he
died in the year 144/761-62. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 325; al-Dhahabi,
Mizan, III, 259-60; Ibn `Adi, VII, 2580-81.
1546. A transmitter from al-Mada'in, of the second half of the eighth century.
See In Abi I;Iatim, 1/2, 33-34; Ibn `Adi, II, 739.
1547. A grandson of al-Muhallab b. Abi Sufrah, the Azdi leader. He originated in
al-Basrah, settled in Baghdad, and died in the year 177/793-94 (there are other
versions). See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 254; idem, Thigat, VII, 161; Ibn Hajar, Tah-
dhib, V, 84; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, VIII, 294-96. According to Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 71, he
practiced medicine.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 331
Faraj b . Fadalah.1548
His kunyah was Abu Fadalah.
`Ali b. al-Ja`d.1550
His kunyah was Abu al- Hasan.
Al-Haytham b. Kharijah.1553
His kunyah was Abu Alhmad.
1548. A Ilimsi traditionist , who was appointed head of the treasury ( bayt al-
mal) during al-Mahdi's caliphate and died in the year 176 /792-93. See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 474; idem, Tabagat, 316; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXIII, 155-64; Ibn
Manzur, Mukhtasar, XX, 263-64 . See also El'ad, n. 152.
1549. Aliafiz and Qur'an reader of Ansari descent who died in the year 108/726-
27. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 327; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 224; al-
Sayrawan, 65.
15 50. A client of the Banu Hashim or of the caliph Abu al- 'Abbas' wife, Umm
Salamah . He was a 1 afiz and died in Baghdad in the year 230/844-45 . See Khalifah
b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 329; Ibn Qutaybah , Ma`arif, 229 ; al-Sayrawan, 131.
1551. A Khurasani who lived in Baghdad and died in the year 217/832-33. See
Ibn I Iibban, Thigat, VIII, 306-7; al-Dhahabi, Mizdn, I, 270; idem, Siyar, X, 219-20.
1552. A famous Baghdadi ascetic, also known as Bishr al-Ilafi (the barefooted),
who died in the year 227 /841-42. See In Sa`d, VII/2, 83; al-Qummi, II, 152 - 55; al-
Dhahabi, Siyar, X, 469-77; Abu Nu 'aym, VIII, 336-60.
15 5 3. He originated in Khurisan, then lived in Baghdad and in Syria, and died in
the year 227/841-42 . See Ibn Sa'd, VII, 83; al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, XIV, 58-59.
1554 . He originated in Zimm , a village in Khurisan, and lived in Baghdad, where
he died in the year 225/839-40 (there are other versions) . See Ibn Sa'd, VII/2, 87
(read al-Zimmi for al-Raqqi); al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, XIV, 166-67; al-Mizzi, Tah-
dhib, XXXII, 60-62.
332 Biographies
Khalaf b. Hisham.1555
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
Mujalid b. Sa'id.1556
His kunyah was Abu `Uthman.
15 5 5. A transmitter and one of the ten most famous Qur'an readers . He lived in
Baghdad and died in the year 229/843-44, reportedly while in hiding from the
Jahmi sect. See In Sa`d, VII/2, 87; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 272-74; Ibn Qutaybah, Ma`arif,
231; al-Sayrawan, 228 (read Hisham for Hashim).
15 5 6. A transmitter of traditions, historical reports, and genealogies who died in
the year 143 or 144/761-62. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 447; idem, Tabagat,
166; In Sa`d, VI, 243; Abu Zayd, 31.
15 57 . A client of [the family of ] Mu`awiyah's brother `Anbasah who lived in al-
Kufah and died in the year 143/760-61. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 447;
idem, Tabagat, 166-67; Ibn Sa`d, VI, 243; Ibn `Adi, VI, 2105-8.
1558. The eighth Umayyad caliph (99-101/717-20), reputed for his piety and
just reforms, the only Umayyad recognized as rashid, i.e., a just ruler following in
the footsteps of the four first caliphs. See Hawting, First Dynasty, 76-81. "`Omar b.
`Abd al-`Aziz," E71, VI, 977-79 (K. V. Zettersteen); Gibb, "Fiscal Rescript"; Ibn
Hibban, Mashahir, 283; al-Ajurri; Ibn al-Jawzi, Sirat; Ibn Manzur, Mukhtasar, XIX,
98-128.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 333
Muhammad b . al-Munkadir.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
1559. Renowned for his generosity but also for his weakness and stupidity. His
father, the rival caliph `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr, appointed him governor of al-Basrah
but dismissed him after a short while. See al-Zubayri, 240; Muhammad In Habib,
Munammaq, 381; al-Baladhuri, Ansab, V, 256 - 58 and passim; In Hibban, Mash-
ahfr, 119.
156o. Another son of `Abdallah b . al-Zubayr, known for his piety, generosity,
and knowledge of tradition and religious law, who lived in Medina and died in the
year 121 /739. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 110; In Qudamah, 260; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 368; idem, Tabagat, 258.
1561. A famous jurist who lived in Baghdad and died in the year 164/78o-81; the
caliph al- Mahdi himself said the ritual prayer over his bier . See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabagat, 268; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir , 130; In Qutaybah, Ma`arif, 203.
1562 . That is, al-Zuhri.
1563. He lived in Medina and died before the year 124/741-42 . See Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Tabaqat, 261; Ibn Hibban, Thiqat, V, 59-60; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XVI,
129-30.
334 Biographies
1564. Of the Umayyad family, son of 'Amr b. Said al-Ashdaq, who rebelled
against and was killed by the caliph 'Abd al-Malik; see al -Tabari, Ta'rikh, II, 783-
89. Ismail participated in that event, then lived in Medina, shunning politics, and
died at the beginning of the `Abbasid caliphate . See Ibn Qudamah, 196-97; Ibn
Manzur, Mukhtasar, N, 373-74.
1565. A grandson of the close Companion of the Prophet al -Zubayr b.
al-`Awwam. 'Abdallah lived in Medina and died toward the end of the Umayyad
caliphate . He was reputed for feeding the poor during years of drought . See Khalifah
b. Khayyat, Tabaqat, 267 ; Ibn Qudamah , 264-65; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XV, 294-95.
1566 . Brother of the aforementioned `Abdallah and one of the most
distinguished among `Urwah's sons. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Tabagat, 267; Ibn
Qudamah, 265; Ibn Hibban, Thiqat, VII, 593; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXXI, 466-71.
1567. Brother of the aforementioned Yahya and `Abdallah, a jurist and haft, one
of the leading religious figures in Medina. He moved to Baghdad, where he died in
the year 146/763-64; the caliph al-Mansur himself said the ritual prayer over his
bier. See F. Sezgin, 1, 88-89; Ibn al-Nadim, II, IooS; Ibn Qudamah , 265; Khalifah b.
Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 365 , 451; idem, Tabagat, 267; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 130-31; al-
Sayrawan, 182.
15 68. A member of the Hashimi family, he lived in Medina and died after the
year 140/757-58, or before 145/762. See Khalifah b. Khayyat , Tabagat, 258; al-
Dhahabi, Mizan, II, 68; Ibn `Adi, IV, 1466-68.
1569. A grandson of the Ansari Companion , Rafi, who lived in Medina. See
Khalifah b . Khayyat, Tabaqat, 258; Ibn Hibban, Thigat, V, 281; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib,
XN, 268-69.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 335
Zayd b. Aslam.1571
His kunyah was Abu Usamah.
Safwan b. Sulaym.
His kunyah was Abu `Abdallah.
157o. A client of the Qurashi clan Makhzum (or of the Ashja`), who lived in
Medina and Egypt and died in a maritime raid in the year 122/740. Al-Dhahabi,
Siyar, VIII, 174, says he was a jurist. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahfr, 298; idem, Thigat,
VII, 641; In Hajar, Tahdhib, XI, 342.
1571. A client of [the family of ] 'Umar b . al-Khattab, a Qur'an reader, and inter-
preter, said to have used his personal judgment (ra'y) in his interpretations . He died
in the year 136/753-54 . He must not be confused with the Companion of the
Prophet of the same name. See In Hibban , Mashahir, 130; al-Dhahabi, Mfzan, I,
361; Ibn al-Jazari, I, 296; al-Sayrawan, 232.
1572 . Also a client of [the family of] `Umar b . al-Khattab who lived in Medina
and transmitted to Ibn Shihab al -Zuhri (d. 124/741-42), among others . See Ibn
Hibban, Thigat, IV, 198; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib, VIII, 28-29.
1573. A jurist who lived in Medina and died in the year 135/752 - 53. He was
suspected of holding Khariji or Qadari views. See Khalifah b . Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 437;
idem, Tabagat, 259; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 215; al-Dhahabi, Mfzan, I, 317; idem,
Siyar, VI, 1o6.
336 Biographies
Salih b. Kaysan.1574
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
Musa b . `Ugbah.1577
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
1574. A client of the northern Banu `Amir (there are other versions) and an
important Medinan jurist. He served as instructor to Umayyad princes and died
after the year 140/757-58. See Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 216; Khalifah b. Khayyat,
Tabagat, 263; Muhammad In Habib, Mulhabbar, 477; al-Sayrawan, 103.
15 7 5. A client of the Qurashi family of Huwaytib b. `Abd al-'Uzza who lived in
Medina and died after the year 130/747-48. See Ibn Hibban, Thigdt, V, 365; al-
Mizzi, Tahdhib, XXV, 47-48.
1576. Many people bore this name, but only one Ansari. His kunyah was, how-
ever, Abu Said (none of these people bore the kunyah Abu Yazid; see al-Bandari
and Hasan, IV, 208-9 ). He was a mufti and judge in Medina for the Umayyads, then
in al-Hashimiyyah for the second `Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur. He died in the year
144/761-62. See al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, XIV, 101-7; al-Dhahabi, Siyar, V, 468-81.
1577. A client of the Zubayr family, a haft-7, and one of the earliest historians.
He lived in Medina and died in the year 141/758-59 (there are other versions). See
F. Sezgin, I, 286 -87; Duri, Rise of Historical Writing, 32-33 (and n. j); Krenkow,
"Note"; Mustafa, I, 158-59; al-Sayrawah, 177; Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 267;
Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 131.
1578. According to In Hajar, Tahdhib, I, 300, his kunyah was Abu Ayyub, and
he died during the caliphate of al-Mansur (136-58/754-75). There is a confusion
between him and another man of the same name, nicknamed al-Barrad ; see also
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 253.
1579. That is, not a client or a confederate. He was a Medinan, also known as
Abu Wagid al-Laythi, who took part in the jihad in Syria (against the Byzantines)
and died after the year 145/762-63. See al-Dhahabi, Mizan, I, 459; Ibn Mansur,
Mukhtasar, XI, 38.
Excerpts from The Supplement to the Supplemented 337
Bukayr b. Mismar.1585
His kunyah was Abu Muhammad.
1580. A Medinan scholar of the northern tribe Aslam who died in the year
145/762-63. See In Hibban, Mashahir, 218; Khalifah b. Khayyit, Tabagat, 270.
1581. A client of [the family of] 'Uthman b. 'Affan or al-Zubayr who lived in
Medina and died in the year 144/761-62. See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 448;
idem, Tabagat, 266; Ibn Hibban, Majrnhin, I, 131-32.
1582. A client of [the family of] 'Uthman who died in the year 156/772-73. See
Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 457; idem, Tabagat, 272; Ibn I;Iibban, Mashahir, 212.
1583. A Medinan transmitter who died during the caliphate of al-Mansur
(136-58/754-75). See Khalifah b. Khayyat, Tabagat, 266; Ibn'Adi, V, 1768-69; Ibn
Hajar, Tahdhib, VIII, 723. Hantab was one of the leading noble Qurashi families in
Medina; see In Qudimah, 390.
15 84. I could not trace this person. The family of Abu Dhi'b was Qurashi, of the
clan 'Amu b. Lu'ayy; see Ibn Qutaybah, Ma'arif, 213.
1585. A client of (the family of) Sa'd b. Abi Waggas, a Medinan transmitter who
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Khalifah b. Khayyat, Ta'rikh, 45 5; idem, Tabagat, 270; Ibn Hibban, Mashahir, 210;
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Ibn 'Adi, IV, 155o has Qantas.
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16
Index
to
The index includes all names of persons, places, and groups, as well as
technical terms, legal issues, and titles of books mentioned in the text.
Genealogical chains are not included.
Bold numbers indicate the places of the main entries, or definitions, of
the terms. Where a name or topic occurs in both the text and footnotes on
the same page, only the page number is given. An asterisk (*) indicates a
figure who is mentioned in the text only as a transmitter.
The definite article (al-, the) and the abbreviations b bt. (son of,
daughter of) are disregarded for the purpose and of alphabetization.
Abu `Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami 269- Abu Bakr b. Kilab (tribal group) 188
70, 306 Abu Bakr b. Muhammad b. `Amr 192
Abu Abroad al-Sukkari. See Bishr b. Abu Bakr al-Nahshali * 149
al-Hasan Abu Bakrah 29, 282, 324 n. 1502
Abu al-Ahwas * 238 Abu Bali 310
Abu al-`Aliyah', al-Barra' 308 Abu Barzah al-Aslami 284
Abu al-Aliyah al-Riyahi 307 Abu Bistam, Yahya b. `Abd al-Rahman
Abu'Amir * 70, IoS, 153 311-12
Abu 'Amr al-Shaybani ;o6 Abu Buraydah 69
Abu `Amrah, Bashir b. `Amr 35, 283 Abu Burdah, rother of Abu Musa al-
Abu al-`As b. al-Raba' 13-17, 162, 282 Ash`ari 147
Abu al-Ash'ath al-San`ani * 158 Abu Burdah b. Abi Musa 307
Abu al-Aswad al-DIII (al-Du'ili) 307 Abu Burdah b. Niyar 283
Abu al-A'war al-Sulami, `Amr b. Suf- Abu Burdah b. Niyar * 146
yan 285 Abu al-Darda' 283
Abu `Awn * 51, 52 Abu Da'ud * 15 5
Abu al-`Awwam 158 Abu Dharr al-Ghifari 45-46, 69-70,
Abu Ayyub al-Ansari 40, 133, 185, 99, 282
283 Abu Dharr al-Ghifari * 122
Abu Ayyub al-Ataki, Yahya b. Malik Abu Dh'ib (a family of the Quraysh)
308, 31o n. 1424 337 n. 1584
Abu Ayyub al-Azdi. See Munib al- Abu Dujanah, Simak b. Kharashah
Azdi 286
Abu Ayyub al-Maraghi, Yahya b. Abu Fadalah al-Ansari 35
Malik 31o n. 1424 Abu Fa'id * 27
Abu Ayyub, Yahya b. Ayyub 310 Abu Fakhitah, Said b. `Ilagah 306
Abu al-Azhar al-Shama 313 Abu Fatimah 1153
Abu al-Bakhtari 77 Abu Fatimah * 15 3
Abu al-Bakhtari * I 19 Abu Ghadiyah 31, 33
Abu al-BakhtarI al-Td'! 209 Abu Ghassan, Malik b. Ismail al-
Abu Bakkar, al-Hakam b. Farrukh 312 Nahdi * 215
Abu Bakr * 266, 270 Abu al-Ghayth * 209
Abu Bakr b. `Abdallah. See In Abi Abu Ghifar * 124
Sabrah Abu Habibah, client of al-Zubayr b.
Abu Bakr b. `Abd al-Raman b. al-`Awwam * 17, 41, ,o6, 161
al-Harith * 120 Abu Hadrad al-Aslami 284
Abu Bakr b. `Ayyash * 246, 272, 273 Abu al-Hajjaj al-Misri, see also
Abu Bakr, the caliph 16, 19, 30 n. 139, Rishdin b. Sa'd 329 n. 1537
41, 46, 65 nn. 299, 300, 81, 82, 88, Abu al-Hakam 325 n. 1511
90, III , 128 n. 589, 138, 139 n. Abu Halah b. al-Nabbash 3, 79, 161
638, 14o n. 641, 142, 144 n. 652, Abu Halah b. Zurarah. See Abu Halah
145, 172, 173 n. 774, 195, 202, b. al-Nabbash
231, 252, 281, 29o nn . 1311-12, Abu al-Hamra' 154, x85
294 n. 1335 Abu al-Hamra' * 15 5
Abu Bakr al-Hudhali 312 Abu Hamrah 310 n. 1419
Abu Bakr b. Ismail b. Muhammad * Abu Hamzah, Sad b. `Ubadah 313
23, 177 Abu Hamzah al-Sukkari 312
Index 363
Abu Hanifah xix, 238, 25o-52, 264, Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i 238 -39, 325, 329
331 n. 1538
Abu Harb * 120, 121 Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i * 1 i 5
Abu Hashim b. Muhammad b. Abu Ishaq al-Sa'igh 312
al-Hanafiyyah 236, 322 n. 1495 Abu Ishaq al-Shaybani 239
Abu Hashim b. 'Utbah b. Rabi'ah 76 Abu Israil * 230, 277
Abu al-Haytham, 'Ammar 314 Abu Ja'far al-Bajali 310
Abu al-Haytham b. al-Tayyihan, Abu Ja`far al-Huddani * 215
Malik b. al-Tayyihan 286 Abu Ja'far al-Mada'ini 309
Abu Haywah, Shurayh b. Yazid * 205 Abu Ja'far, Muhammad b. 'Ali b.
Abu al-Hayyaj, 'Amr b. Malik 314 al-Husayn 229-30
Abu Ilayyan al-Ashja i 311 Abu Ja'far, Muhammad b. 'Ali b.
Abu Hazim, Nabtal 309 al-Ilusayn * 12, 25, 37, 39, 167,
Abu Hazim * 16o 214, 230
Abu I;Iazim al-Ashja'i, Salman 309 Abu Ja'far, Muhammad b. Jarir. See
Abu Hilal al-Rasibi 312 al-Tabari
Abu Hilal al-Tai 313 Abu Ja'far al- Qari' 303
Abu Hisham al-Rita i * 250 Abu Jahl 18 U. 7o, 6o, 68 n. 315, 112
Abu Hisham, see also Muhammad b. Abu Jamrah 310
Sulayman 140 Abu Juhayfah, Wahb al-Suwa'i 285
Abu Hudhayfah b. al-Mughirah 29, Abu Jullayfah, Wahb al-Suwa' * 257
117 Abu Juhaym b. al-Ilarith 35
Abu Hudhayfah, Salamah b. Suhayb Abu Jamah, Habib b. Siba' 285
3111 Abu Jurayy. See Sulaym b. Jabir
Abu Hudhayfah b. Utbah 300 Abu Kathir al-Zubaydi 313
Abu Humayd al-Sa'idi, 'Abd al- Abu Khabtah 311
Rahman b. Sa'd 279 n. 1268, 286 Abu Khalid al-Walibi 313
Abu Hurayrah 50, 70, 173, 174, 176, Abu Kurayb * 97 113, 116, 146, 154,
209, 223, 283, 304 n. 1382 156, 197, 200, 204, 205, 221, 266,
Abu Hurayrah * 185 270
Abu al-Husayn * 81 Abu Lahab 64 n. 293
Abu al-Huwayrith, Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Layla, Bilal b. Bulayl 282, 310
Mu'awiyah 240-41, 309 Abu Linah, 'Abdallah b. Abi Karib 285
Abu al-Iiuwayrith, Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Lubabah, Rifa`ah b. Abd al-
Mu'awiyah * 240 Mundhir 286
Abu Ibrahim al-Ansari * 136 Abu Mab'ad 139, 140, 143, 144
Abu Ibrahim al-Ansari' s father 136 Abu Mab'ad * 142
AbU Ibrahim al-Ansari's father * 136 Abu MahdhUrah 48, ii8, 181, 282
Abu Idris * roi Abu Malik al-Ash'ari 147
Abu Idris, Sawad 314 Abu Malik al-Ash'ari * 147
Abu 'Imran al-Jawni 308 Abu Malik al-Nakha i * 199
Abu 'Isa al-Zahid * 257 Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi 100, 2811
Abu Ish5q * 119, 122, 128, 145, 224, Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi * ioi
268 Abu Marwan al-Aslami * 69, 16o
Abu Ishaq al-Hamdani * 155 Abu Maryam, 'Abd al-Ghaffar 312
Abu Ishaq al-KUfi. See Ibrahim al- Abu Maryam al-Asadi 314
Qari' Abu Maryam al-Filastini x58
364 Index
Amr b. Isa. See Abu Na`amah 1340, 1341, 296 1343, 320 n.
al-'Adawi 1424, 331 n. 1549
Amr b. Jahm 67 Ansina 194
Amr b. Ma'di-karib 91, 298 al-'Ansi. See al-Aswad al-'Ansi
Amr b. Murrah 324 apostasy wars 3o n. 139, 78 n. 375, 82,
Amr b. Murrah * 119 85, 88, 90 n. 436, 91, III n. 523,
Amr b. al-Musabbih 86-87 133 n. 616, 16o n. 724
Amr b. Qays b. Za'idah. See Ibn 'Agabah meeting 11, 40, 58, 133, 162
Umm Maktum n. 731, 286 no. 1297-98, 1300,
Amr b. al-Rabi' 13 287 n. 1303, 290 nn. 1310-11, 291
Amr b. Said al-Ashdaq 334 n. n. 1314, 303 n. 1375
1564 'Aqil b. Abi Talib 21, 6o, 96, 288
`Amr b. Salimah 268-69 'Aqil family 168
Amr b. Sha's 146 al-'Aqiq 38, 47
Amr b. Sha's * 146 'aqr 5 n. 112
Amr b. Shu'ayb 327 al-'Agra' b. Habis 82
Amr b. Shu'ayb * 187 Arab, Arabs 3 n. 2, 5 n. 12, 6 n. 19, 13
Amr b. Sulayman al-'Attar * 251 n. 48, 29 nn. 130, 134, 3o n. 136,
Amr b. Thabit * 27 37 nn. 166, 169, 73, 82, 83, 85 n.
Amr b. Ubayd " 223 405, 87, 90 n. 436, 129 n. 599, 138
Amr b. Udd (tribe) 125 n. 577 n. 637, 148 n. 667, 156 n. 702, 171
Amr b. Umayyah al-Damri 18o n. 762, 175, 18, 191, 201, 212,
Amr b. Uthman b. 'Affan 335 213, 220 n. 953, 244 n. 1077, 253,
Amr b. Yahya ` 154 277, 278 n. 1262, 282 n. 1278, 307
Amr b. Yahya al-Mazini * 133 n. 1403
Amrah bt. Abd al-Rahman * 167, 'Arabah b. Aws 71, 72, 73-74
171, 186 Arabian Peninsula 3o n. 139, 32 n.
Amwas 95, 281 n. 1273 145, io8, 148 n. 667, 188 n. 829,
Anas * 273 208 n. 899
Anas b. Malik 224, 227, 295, 309 n. 'Arafat 64 n. 295, 98
1417, 338 arbitration 88 n. 422, 233 n. 1011, 273
Anas b. Malik * 12, 22 n. 1231
Anas b. Sirin * 227 Araab (tribal group) 220, 268, 269, 311
al-Anbar 245 n. 1429
al-'Anbar (tribal group) 124 n. 574, Armenia 201 n. 871
252, 259 n. 1154, 324 n. 1501, 326 al-Argam b. Abi al-Arqam 46-47, 289
n. 1518 al-Argam b. Abi al-Arqam, house of 5,
Anbash b. Abi Sufyan 332 n. 1557 38, 47, 118, 281 n. 1274
Anbasah b. Said * 128 Arwa bt. Kurayz 192, 198
ansdb al-haram, see also a'lam Arwa bt. Rabi'ah b. al-Harith 198
al-haram 42 Arwa senior. See Arwa bt. Rabl'ah
Ansar z1, 34 n. 155, 35 n. 157, 36 n. al-'Arzami * 188
162, 40, 55, 58, 71 n. 331, 72 nn. `asabiyyah 17 n. 68
336, 339, 133 n. 6r6, 146 n. 661, Asad b. 'Abd al-'Uzza (a clan of
163, 162 n. 731, 173, 191, 194, Quraysh) 3, 26 n. 122, 4o n. 185,
21o n. 909, 235, 290 n. 1311, 294 66 n. 305, 76 n. 360, 77 n. 371, 95
nn. 1333, 1334, 295 nn. 1339, n. 461, Io5
Index 369
Asad (tribe) 9 n. 30, 175 n. 786, 231, 1286, 293 nn. 1326, 1327, 1328,
248, 313 n. 1447, 314 n. 1450, 320 325 n. 1514, 337 n. 158o
n. 1485, 323 n. 1499, 324 n. 1504, Aslum (tribe) 130
325 nn. 1509, 1513 Asma' * 134
Asad b. Musa * 196, 203, 205, 280 Asma' bt. 'Abdallah b. al-'Abbas 5 5
Asad b. Zurarah 303 n. 1375 Asma' bt. Abi Bakr 105, 172, 193
Asbagh, client of 'Amr b. Hurayth * Asma' bt. Abi Bakr * 208
113, 114 Asma' bt. Ja'far b. Muhammad 249
al-Asbagh b. Nubatah 275 Asma' bt. Mukharribah 11112
asceticism, ascetics 7o n. 323, 174 n. Asma' bt. al-Nu' man 188-9r
779, 207 n. 896, 241 n. 1063, 242 Asma' bt. Salamah b. Mukharribah
n. 1o65, 257, 258 n. 1148, 263, 11112
298 n. 1351, 303 n. 1378, 308 n. Asma' bt. 'Umays 5, 59, 121, 167, 169,
1412, 321 n. 1487, 33o n. 1542, 199, 201, 202
331 al-Asma'i * 222
al-Ashagir (tribal group) 255 Asma'. See Lubabah al-Sughra
al-Ash'ar (tribal group) 1147 al-Aswad b. 'Amin * 239
al-Ash'ath b. Abi al-Sha'tha' 3114 al-Aswad b. 'Abd Yaghnth 10, 26, 1,0,
al-Ash'ath b. Qays 87-88, 89, 9o, 19o, 301
228 n. 990, 298, 302 , 314 n. 1459 al-Aswad b. Abi al-Bakhtari 77
Ashja' (tribe) 287 n. 1303, 335 n. 1570 al-Aswad al-'Ansi 811, 91, 94
ashraf. See tribal nobles al-Aswad b. Nawfal b. Khuwaylid 66-
al-Ashtar al-Nakha i 51 n. 228, 272- 67
73 al-Aswad b. Qays 327
al-Ash'nb (tribal group) 220 al-Aswad b. Qays * 199
Ashnra' 248 al-Aswad b. Shayban 256
Asid b. Abi Asid, al-Barrad 336 n. 'Ata' * 184
1578 Ata' b. Abi Marwan * 69, ,6o
Asid b. Abi Asid, client of Abu Ata' b. Abi Rabah 223, 321
Qatadah 336 Ata al-Khurasani * 207
Asim * 125 Ata' b. Muslim * 51
Asim al-Aslami * 70 'AP' b. al-Sa'ib 327
Asim b. Abi al-Najnd 238 Ata' b. al-Sa'ib * 98, 128, 129, 270
Asim b. Abi al-Najnd * 51 Ata' b. Yasar 317
Asim b. Bahdalah. See 'Asim b. Abi Ata' b. Yazid al-Junda'i * 165
al-Najnd ata'. See pensions
Asim b. Hadrah 157-58 Atik (tribal group) 278, 308 n. 1409
Asim b. Hadrah * 15 8 Atik b. 'Abid 161
Asim al-Jahdari 326 Atikah bt. Abdallah b. Ankathah 68
Aim b. Sulayman al-Ahwal 328 ,Atikah bt. Abd al-Muttalib 76, 112
Aim b. Sulayman al-Ahwal * 125 Atikah bt. Amir 175
Asim b. Ubaydallah * 96 Atikah bt. Awf 42, 51
Aim b. Umar 175 Atiyyah b. Sa'd b. Junadah 228
Asim b. Umar b. Qatadah * 74, ,8o Attaf b. Makhramah, 'Attaf al-Akbar
Asim b. al-Zubayr 193 42
Aslam (tribe) 7o n. 326, 122, 146 n. Attaf b. Makhramah, 'Attaf al-Asghar
659, 16o n. 724, 284 nn. 1285, 42
370 Index
Da'ud (King David) 123 the Ditch, siege of ro, I1, 22, 26, 30,
Da'ud * 207 36, 38, 40, 47, 57, 62, 66, 69, 73,
Da'ud b. Abd al-Rahman al-Makki 133
133 divorce, rules of 15, 16 n. 59
Da'ud b. Abi Hind 310 n. 1422, 326, diwdn, see also pensions 42 n. 1192,
328 277 n. 1254
Da'ud b. Abi Hind * 83, 120, 121, 182 the Dome of the Rock 318 n. 1474
Da'ud b. `Ali b. `Abdallah 277-78 dowry, see also bridal gift 189 n. 830
Da'ud b. `Amr al-Dabbi * 5 5 Dubiah bt. al-Zubayr b. `Abd al-
Da'ud al-Awdi 231 Muttalib 197-98
Da'ud b. al-Husayn 217, 335 Dubay`ah (tribe) 31o n. 1419
Di'ud b. al-Husayn * 16 duel 33
Da'ud b. al-Muabbar * 170, 193, 224 Duhman b. al-Harith (tribal group)
Da'ud b. Muhammad b. `Ali 235 171
Da'ud b. Muhammad b. al-Munkadir al-Dull (tribal group) 72, 119 n. 552,
240 307 n. 11403
Da'ud b. Sinan * 39 Dumat al-Jandal 233
Da'ud b. `Urwah b. Masud 177 Dumayrah b. Abi Dumayrah zoo
Daws (tribe) 283 n. 1282 Dumayrah b. Abi Dumayrah * roo
Daylam 94 al-Durawardi, `Abd al-`Aziz b.
Day of Sacrifices 132 Muhammad * 218
Dayr al-Jamajim, battle of 248, 270, Durrah b. Abi Salamah 175
277 Duster al-munajjimin xx n. 18
the Dead Sea 236 n. 1029
the Deceiver rob
al-Dhahabi xxiii, xiv E
Dhakwan (tribe) 122
Dharr b. ` Abdallah b. Zurarah 276-77 Egypt 32 n. 144, 149 n. 672, 220, 272
Dhayl al-mudhayyal, see also Supple- nn. 1219, 1221 , 291 n. 1316, 293
ment to the Supplemented xv, n. 1329, 296 n. 1342, 319 n. 1475,
xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxii, xxiii, 328 n. 1534, 329 nn. 1536-37, 335
xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxvii n. 1570
Dhi Hawal (tribal group) 220 Elephant, Year of 24, 41, Io6
Dhu Asbah (tribal group) 261 n. Ir6o Emigrants 18, 51 , 69 n. 321, 105 n.
Dhubyan (tribe) 72 n. 334 499, 1911
Dhu al-Kali 32 Emigration 3, 5, 10 n. 35, 20 n. 83, 40
Dhu Ru`ayn (tribal group) 206 n. 182, 52, 55, 56, 70, 115 n. 541,
Dhu al-Sha`bayn 219 128 n. 589, 138, 142, 153, 163,
Dhu al-Shimalayn 301 161, 164, 171, 174, 175, 182,2o2
Dhu al-Yadayn 3011 Euphrates 263 n. 1172, 274 n. 1178
Dihyah b. Khalifah, 71, 166 evil eye 134
al-Dil (tribal groups of the Rabi`ah)
29
al-Dil (tribal group of the Kinanah). F
See al-Du'il
Dinar b. `Udhafir 31o n. 1422, 328 Fadalah al-Laythi 120
Dirghamah b. Ulaybah * 11 24 Fadalah al-Laythi * 120, 121
374 Index
al-Fadl b. al-`Abbas 11, 24, 95, 167, Fatimah junior (al-Sughra). See
r86, 194, 201, 288 Fatimah bt. al-Husayn
al-Fadl b. `Abdallah b. al-`Abbas 54 Fayruz b. al-Daylami 94, 299
al-Fadl b. Dukayn * 6o, 65, 70, 155, Fazarah (tribe) 229 n. 994, 273 n. 1232,
214, 218, 230, 231, 238, 253, 254, 31o n. 1421, 311 n. 1431
257, 259, 273, 277, 278 al-Fazari, Marwan b. Mu`awiyah 311
al-Fadl b. al-Sabbah * 196 the Fijar wars 41, 73
al-Fadl b. Sahl al-A'raj * 157 Filastin, see also Palestine 15 8 n. 715,
Fahm (tribe) 275, 329 n. 1536 295 n. 1337, 298 n. 1351, 305
Fa'id, client of `Ubaydallah b. `Ali b. Firas family 175
Abi Rafi` * 199 Firyab 329 n. 1539
Fakhitah bt. Abi Talib. See Umm al-Firyabi * 145
Hani' fitnah, see also civil war 102, 193
Fakhitah bt. `Amir 202 Fudayl b. `Abd al-Wahhab * 260
Fakhkh 50 Fudayl b. `Iyad 330
Family of the Prophet 155 n. 697, 213, Fulayh al-`Anazi * 199
234 n. ro,6, 258 Fulayh b. Sulayman al-Madan! * 205
Farahid (tribal group) 278 n. 1263
Faraj b. Fadalah 331
G
al-Farawi * 226
Malik al-Ashtar. Seer al-Ashtar al- 43, 47, 53, 93, 174, 184, 209, 210,
Nakha`i 216 n. 932, 274, 295 n. 1341, 315
Malik b. A `sur. See Bahilah Marwini faction 96
Malik b. Aws * 183 Marwanids 229 n. 994, 233 n. 1015,
Malik b. Dinar 237 242 n. io68, 315 n. 1456
Malik b. al-Harith. See al-Ashtar al- mashhad, mashahid 16 n. 6o, 57, 117
Nakha i Maskan, battle of 209 n. 903
Malik b. Hisl (tribal group) 185 Maslamah b. `Algamah * 120
Malik b. Huwayrith 300 Maslamah b. Muharib * 39
Malik b. Ismail * 2,12 Masud b. `Amin b. `Umayr 185
Malik b. Mighwal 3111 al-Mas`udi * rob
Malik b. Numayr al-Khuzai * 145 Matar b. Tahman al-Warraq 239
Malik b. Nuwayrah 83 mawld. See client
Malik b. Udad (tribal group) 29 Mawsu`at atraf al-traf al-hadith (by
Malik b. Zayd b. Shadad 25 5 Muhammad Zaghlul) xxvi
Maliki school 245 n. 1082 Mawsn`at rijal al-kutub a1-tis`ah (by
M`mar * 218 al-Bandani and Hasan) xxvi
Ma`mar b. Rashid * 12, 108, 112, 167, Maymun b. Mihran 322
174,176,1190,240,265 Maymun b. Mihran * 56
Ma`n (tribal group) 6, 87 n. 416 Maymunah bt. al-arith, wife of the
Ma`n b. `Isa al-Qazzaz * 127, 199, 243 Prophet 111 185-86, 201, 317
Mansur * 137 Maymunah bt. Sad 200
al-Mansur, Abu Ja`far, the caliph 234 Maymunah bt. Sad * 200
n. 1017, 235, 245 n. 1084, 246, Maysan 222
248, 249, 253-54, 255, 258 n. Maysarah al-Fajr 125
1150, 260, 261, 262, 277 n. 1258, Maysarah al-Fajr * 125
304 n. 1382, 328 n. 1532, 334 n. Maza1im. See court of grievances
1567, 336 n. 1576, 337 n. 1583 Mazin b. Mansur (tribal group) 104
Mansur b. al-Mu`tamir 242 Mecca 3, 4,5n.14,7,8,911.30,11n.
Mansur b. Sad * 125 41, 42 n. 195, 15, 16, 19 n. 75, 23
Mansur b. Zadhan 241 n. 104, 29, 30, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46,
Ma`gil b. Munabbih 227 n. 986, 322 47 n. 213, 48, 52 n. 232, 52, 59,
Ma`gil b. Yasar 292 6o, 61 n. 277, 64 n. 295, 65, 66,
Mariyah, wife of the Prophet 22, 161, 67,68,70,75,78,79,81,93,105
193-95 n. 499, 109, 110, 112, 117, 123 n.
Muhammad b. Isaq al-Saghani * 265 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 , 118, 119,
Muhammad b. Ismail * 127, 153, 230, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 , 125,126,
231, 254 127, 128, 129 , 13o n 603, 131,
Muhammad b. Ismail al-Dirari * 257 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,
Muhammad b. Ismail al-Sulam! * 131 139-145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150,
Muhammad b. Ja`far b. Abi Talib 202 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
Muhammad b. Ja`far b. Muhammad 158, 159, 16o, 161, 162, 163, 164,
249 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,
Muhammad b. Ja`far al-Warkani * 168 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179,
Muhammad b. jubayr b. Mut`im 318 ,8o-8,, 182 , 183, 184, 185, 186,
Muhammad b. Jubayr b. Mu`im * 79 187, 188-90, 191, 192, 193, 194,
Muhammad b. Juhadah * 157 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201,
Muhammad b. Ka'b * ,6o 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207 n.
Muhammad b. Ka`b al-Qurazi 231, 333 8 96, 209, 210, 212 , 213, 222, 225
Muhammad al-Kalb! * 9, 85 n. 977, 227 n. 985, 230, 231 n.
Muhammad b. Khalaf al-`Asgalani * 1004, 234 n. 1021, 235, 236 n.
Io8, 145, 257 1031, 241, 246 n. Io88, 251, 252
Muhammad b. Khalid * 151 n. 1119, 253, 255, 256 n. 1138,
Muhammad b. Makhramah 42 257, 266, 274, 278, 279, 280, 281
Muhammad b. Ma`mar * 153, 267 n. 1274, 282, 285 n. 1291, 286,
Index 389
xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, Taym Allah b. Tha`labah (tribal group)
xxvii, 3, 32, 46, 49, 50, 52, 6o, 69, 250, 251 n. 1114,254
70, 75, 78, 136, 139, 140, 141, Taym b. Murrah (a clan of the
142, 143, 163, 167, 208 n. 901, Quraysh) 28 n. 128, 95 n. 461,
210, 220 n. 956, 223, 250 n. 1107, III, 240 n. 1057, 245, 261, 333
253 n. 1121, 256, 258 n. 1148, 281 al-Taymi. See Sulayman al-Taymi
n. 1272, 295 n. 1338, 301 n. 1366, Taym al-Ribab (tribe) 259
3100.1424 Tayyi' (tribe) 6, 85, 86 n. 411, 209,
Tabuk 24, 34, 105 239 n. 1055, 305 n. 1392
tadlis 240 Thabit al-Bunani b. Aslam 236, 317
Taghlib (tribal group) 1129, 271 Thabit b. al-Dahhak 290
tahkim. See arbitration Thabit b. Jidh` I11
tahnik 63 Thabit b. Qays b. Shammas 131, 183
al-Ta'if 38 n. 176, 56, 61 n. 277, 103 n. Thabit b. Tha`labah b. Zayd. See
491, 261 n. I158, 282 n. 1277, 327 Thabit b. jidh'
n. 1524 Thabit b. Wadi`ah 294
al-Ta'if, siege of 111, 20, 24, 29, 46, 61, Thabit b. Yazid 294 n. 1324
73, 105, 112 Tha`labah b. Abi Malik * 39, 164,
talab al-`ilm 218 n. 943 187
talbiyah 1103, 128, 277 Tha`labah b. `Amin 93
Talhah b. `Abdallah b. Khalaf 277, 309 Tha'labah b. Bakr (tribal group) 166 n.
n. 1418 748
Talhah b. Kurayz 198 Tha`labah b. Ka`b. See Jidh`
Talhah b. `Ubaydallah 27 n. 126, 28, Thaqif (tribe) I I n. 41, 29 n. 134, 38 n.
172, 272 n. 1224, 277, 288, 315 n. 176, 48, 49, 129 n. 596, 244, 257,
1457 299 n. 1360, 31o n. 1420, 327 n.
Talibi family 54 n. 246 1525
Tamanni 1172 Thawban b. Yuhdad, client of the
Tamim (tribe) 79 n. 377, 82, 104 n. Prophet 99, Ioo
498, 112 n. 527, 123, 248 n. 1097, Thawr b. Yazid 328
254 n. 1128, 271 n. 1215, 276, 307 Thawr b. Zayd 328 n. 1535
n. 1404, 308 n. 1410, 311 n. 1427, Thawr 232
316, 328 n. 1532, 329 n. 1541 Thawr (tribe) 257, 321 n. 1487
Tamim b. al-Muntasir al-Wisiti * 109 Thu`al (tribe) 86 nn. 410, 414
Tamim al-Dari 281 n. 1272, 298, 302 Thubaytah bt. Hanzalah * 203
Tammam b. al-`Abbas 75-76, 96 Thubaytah bt. Ya`ar 300
Tammam b. Rabi'ah 62 Tihamah 17, 6o
al-Ta'rikh (by Yahya b. Main) xxvi tithe, see also `ushr 221
tarwiyah 221 Tradition of the Covering 1155
Tawas b. Kaysan 220-211 treasury 331 n. 1548
tawwdbnn. See Repenters tribal nobles, tribal chiefs, tribal
tax collectors 19, 8o n. 380, 83, 86 n. leaders 82 nn. 385, 386, 390, 85 n.
410, 91, 135 n. 625, 292 n. 1323, 404, 86 n. 410, 92 n. 444, 211 n.
322 n. 1391 912, 228 n. 999, 259 n. 1153, 266
taylasdn 229 n. 997 n. 1190, 269, 270, 275, 277 n.
Taym b. `Abd Manah. See Taym al- 1254, 297 n. 1349, 298 n. 1352,
Ribab 298 n. 1355, 316 n. 1466
400 Index
tribal system, see also genealogy 220 'Ubaydallah b. Sa'd al-Zuhri * 134
n. 953 'Ubaydallah b. Said, Ibn Abi Hind
Tubba' 220 187
al-Tufayl b. al-Harith b. 'Abd al- 'Ubaydallah b. 'Umar * 159
Muttalib 23-24, 164 'Ubaydallah b. Ziyad 211, 274, 315 n.
Tujib 328 n. 1534 1459
tulaga' 197 Ubayy b . Ka'b 289 , 316 n. 1461
Tulayhah b. Khuwaylid 78 n. 375 'Udah b. Bada 89
Tulayq b. Qays al-Hanaf! 305 Udhar (tribal group) 220
Twelver Shi'ah. See Shi'ah, Imam! 'Udhrah (tribal group) 71, 165
Uhban b. Sayfi 299
Ubud, battle of io, II , 19 n. 79, 22,
U 24, 26, 30, 36, 38, 40, 47, 57, 58,
66, 67, 69, 71, 73, 74, 118, 133,
'Ubadah b. al-Samit 158 155 n. 696, 162 n. 732, 174, 175,
Ubayd b. Adam * 156 202
Ubayd b. Bishr 247 Ujayr b. 'Abd Yazid 77
Ubayd b. Nudaylah 328 'Ukashah's b. Mihsan's mother * 182
'Ubayd b. Rifa'ah al-Zuraq! 134 'Ukkaz 6
Ubayd b. Rifa'ah al-Zuraq! * 134 'Ulaybah b. Harmalah * 124
'Ubayd b. Zayd 192 'Ubayy b. Rabah * 156
Ubaydah b. al-Aswad * 156 Umamah bt. Abi al-'As 13, 162
Ubaydah b. al-Harith 23, 24 Umamah bt. Hamzah 199
Ubaydah bt. Nabil * 39 Umar b. 'Abdallah b. Abi Rab!'ah. See
'Ubaydallah * 197, 200 'Umar b. Abi Rabi'ah
'Ubaydallah b. al-'Abbas 25, 74-75, 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Azlz, the caliph 192,
95, 201, 288 212 n. 916, 309 n. 1416, 310, 318
'Ubaydallah b. 'Abdallah b. al-'Abbas n. 1473, 319 n. 1475, 322 n. 1491,
54 326 n. 1522, 332
'Ubaydallah b. 'Abdallah b. al-'Abbas Umar b. 'Abd al-Rahman * 157
55 Umar b. Abi Rab!'ah 49, 114
'Ubaydallah b. 'Abdallah b. Utbah * 'Umar b. Abi Salamah 113, 175, 269
96 Umar b. Abi Salamah * 175
Ubaydallah b. Ab! Rafi' 66, 99 'Umar b. Ab! Talib, 'Umar al-Akbar
'Ubaydallah b. Abi Ziyad * Io9 271
'Ubaydallah b. Akhnas 325 'Umar b. al-Harith al-Khawlan! 32
Ubaydallah b. 'Ali b. Abi Rafi' * 199 Umar b. Hubayrah 228-29, 242
'Ubaydallah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib 271 Umar b. Ismail al-Hamdani * 126
'Ubaydallah b. 'Amr * 157 'Umar b. al-Khattab, the caliph 20, 21,
'Ubaydallah b. al-Argam 47 22-23 , 41, 42, 46, 55, 62, 63, 7o n.
Ubaydallah b. al-I;Iasan 259-60 323, 72, 83, 88, 98, 109 n. 512,
'Ubaydallah b. Jahsh 177, ,8o 1,0 n. 517, 111 n. 522, 114 n. 538,
'Ubaydallah b. Milan 1S7 1117, 146 n. 657, 147 n. 663, 149 n.
'Ubaydallah b. Mihsan * 157 672, 169, 195, 199, 224 n. 976,
'Ubaydallah b. Muhammad b. 'Ali 235 231, 252, 277 n. 1254, 279 n.
'Ubaydallah b. Musa * 119, 122, 145, 1265, 285 n. 1295, 29o n. 1311,
204 294 n. 1336, 307, 314 n. 1450, 321
Index 401
n. 1486, 325 n. 1509, 335 nn. n. 1304, 297 nn. 1347-48, 300 n.
1571, 1572 1363, 315 n. 1456, 321 n. 1490,
Umar b. al-Khattab, the caliph * 174, 332 n. 1558, 334 nn. 1564-65, 336
183 nn. 1574, 1576
Umar b. Muhammad b. al-Munkadir Umayyah b. 'Abd Shams 9 n. 30, 254
240 n. 1126
`Umar b. Muhammad b. 'Umar b. 'Ali Umayyah, family of 30, 198 n. 862,
* 167, 168 210 n. 907
`Umar b. Murrah * 100 Umayyah b. Rabi`ah b. al-Harith 198
`Umar b. Sa`d b. Abi Waggas 211 Umayyah b. Shibl * 218
`Umar b. Said al-Dimashqi * 149 Umayyah b. Ubayy 105
`Umar b. 'Ubaydallah b. Ma`mar 309 Umm `Abdallah bt. al-Hasan b. All
n. 1418 229
Umar b. `Ugbah * 74 Umm 'Abd bt. `Abd Wadd 203
`Umar b. `Uthman 309 n. 1418 Umm Abiha, Fatimah bt. Muhammad
Umar b. `Uthman * 175 the Prophet 13
`Umar b. `Uthman b. Abdallah al- ummah 37 n. 171
Jahshi * 18o, 182 Umm `Anmar bt. Siba` rro
`Umarah b. Khuzaymah b. Thabit * Umm `Atiyyah 12, 163
31, 131, 316 Umm Ayman 65, 99, 172, 191-192,
`Umarah b. al-Muhajir * 185 199,287
Umarah bt. Hamzah 202, see also Umm Bakr bt. al-Miswar * 39, S 1, 52,
Umamah bt. Hamzah rob
`Umarah b. Zadhan al-Saydalani * 225 Umm Bishr b. al-Bard', Khulaydah bt.
Umaymah bt. Abd al-Muttalib 9, Qays 287
18o Umm al-Darda' 205, 284 n. 1285, 287
Umaymah, client of the Prophet 200 Umm al-Darda' * 205
Umayr b. 'Abd `Amin. See Dhn al- Umm Dumayrah Ioo
Shimalayn Umm al-Fadl. See Lubabah bt.
`Umayr b. Sad 22 it 92 al-Harith, Lubabah al- Kubra
`Umayr b. 'Ugbah al-Ansari 136 Umm Farwah bt. Ja`far 248
`Umayr b. Wahb 152 Umm Farwah bt. al-Qasim 248
`Umayr b. Wahb * 152 Umm Habib 201
`Umayr b. Wahb al-Jumahi 152 it 684 Umm Habib bt. Bujayr 271
Umayyad army, see also Syrian army Umm Habibah bt. Abi Sufyan, wife of
53 n. 241, 228 n. 990, 229 n. 994 the Prophet 177-180, 287
Umayyad period xvi, 82 n. 388, 88 n. Umm al-Hakam bt. `Abdallah b.
424, 93 n. 453, 168 n. 756, 2212 n. al-Harith 235
916 Umm al-Hakam bt. `Ammar * 31
Umayyad propaganda 232 n. roo9 Umm al-Hakam bt. al-Zubayr 198,
Umayyads, Umayyad dynasty, see 287
also Umayyah, family of 31 it Umm al-Hakam bt. al-Zubayr * 198
141, 49, 59 n. 263, 63 n. 286, 178 Umm Hakim bt. 'Abd al-Muttalib
n. 800, 226 n. 981, 228 nn. 990, 198, 76
992, 234 n. ioi6, 240, 245, 273 n. Umm Hakim bt. al-Harith 17
1226, 274 n. 1236, 275 n. 1243, Umm Hakim bt. Zuhayr b. al-Harith
277 n. 1254, 278, 285 n. 1295, 287 106
402 Index
Umm Hani' bt. Abi Talib 196-97, `Ugbah b. Abi Mu`ayt 198
286-87, 304, 306 n. 1400 'Uqbah b. `Amir al-Juhani 32, 293
Umm al-Hasan bt. al-Zubayr 193 `Ugbah b. al-Harith b. `Amir 1103
Umm Hawshab 87 'Uqbah b. al-Harith B. `Amir * 103
Umm Humayd bt. `Abd al-Rahman `Uranah 64
279-80 `Urwah b. `Amir * 134
Umm Ibrahim. See Mariyah `Urwah b. Masud al-Thaqafi 177 n.
Umm Ishaq bt. Talhan 49 795
Umm Kharijah bt. Sad b. al-Rabi` `Urwah b. Zayd al-Khayl 85
205 `Urwah b. al-Zubayr 67, 193, 318
Umm Kulthum bt `Ali b. Abi Talib `Urwah b. al-Zubayr * 12, 27, 28, 67,
279 109, 167, 186, 190
Umm Kulthum bt. al-Hasan b. Zayd al-`Uryan b. al-Haytham 270
260 Usamah b. Zayd b. Aslam * 174
Umm Kulthum bt. Muhammad the Usamah b. Zayd b. Harithah 11, 65,
Prophet 11-I2, 163, 172 99, 172, 192, 194, 289
Umm Kulthum bt. 'Uqbah 198, 287 Usamah b. Zayd al-Laythi * io8,
Umm Kulthum bt al-Zubayr b. 194
`Awwam 279 Usayd b. Zuhayr 294
Umm Ma`bad al-Khuza`iyyah 138, `Usyyah (tribal group) 1122
139, 141, 142, z87 Usayyid (tribal group) 79 n. 377
Umm Marthad 205 `ushr 129 n. 599
Umm Marthad * 205 usury 115 n. 540
Umm al-Masakin. See Zaynab bt. `Utarid (tribal group) 307 n. 1407
Khuzaymah `Utaybah b. Abi Lahab 163
Umm al-Mundhir bt. Qays 205 `Utbah b. Abi Lahab 64, 161, 163
Umm Ruman bt. 'Umayr 171, 172 `Utbah b. Ghazwan 1104, 105
Umm Salamah bt. Abi Umayyah, wife `Utbah b. Ghazwan * 104
of the Prophet 68, 80, 112, 113, `Utbah b. Hammad al-Hakami * 15o
1175-76, 204, 221, 286, 299, 304, `Utbah b. Jabirah * 83
320 `Utbah b. Rabi`ah 23
Umm Salamah, wife of al-Saffah 245, `Uthman b. `Abd al-Rahman al-Jumahi
331 n. 1550 * 118
Umm Shank 204, 287 `Uthman b. `Affdn, the caliph 22 n. 94,
Umm Sharik * 204 25, 27, 28 n. 126, 35, 43, 44, 55,
Umm Sinan al-Aslamiyyah 203-204 59 n. 263, 63, 66, 70, 76, 87 n.
Umm Sinan al-Aslamiyyah * 203 418, 92, 95, 99, 107 n. 505, 109 n.
Umm Talhah bt. Kurayz 198 512, 110 n. 517, 114 n. 538, 116,
umrah. See pilgrimage, lesser 162, 163, 191, 192, 198, 206, 207,
umrat al-qadiyyah. See the Pil- 222, 227, 239, 269, 270, 272, 277
grimage of the Consummation n. 1254, 285 n. 1295, 286 n. 1299,
Unays b. Abi Marthad * 102 291 n. 1316, 297 n. 1348, 306, 337
Unays b. Marthad for nn. 1581, 1582
Unays b. Mi'yar 48 `Uthman b. al-Arqam 47
Unays b. Zurarah 79 `Uthman b. `Ata' al-Khurasani * 207
Uqayl (tribe) 125 n. 579 `Uthman b. Hunayf 72, 291
`Ugbah b. `Abd al-Ghafir 3117 `Uthman b. Maz`un 175
Index 403