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Soil Final
Soil Final
Hand Operated
Used to load the penetration piston into the soil Consists of a torque head adjustable in height by
sample at a constant rate of 1,27 mm/min (1 mm/min means of a lead screw rotated by a drive wheel to
to BS Spec.), and to measure the applied loads and enable the vane to be lowered into the specimen.
pistons penetrations at determined intervals. Rotation of the vane is by means of a hand wheel
which operates a worm gear arrangement turning the
Figure 13-8.Laboratory upper end of a calibrated torsion spring. Vane dia, rod
specimens are prepared; second, a penetration t dia, vane size & vane height are as per IS specification.
est is performed upon the prepared soil samples.
Although one standardized procedure has been The Vane shaft is attached through the hollow upper
established for the penetration portion of the test, it shaft to resettable pointer, which indicates the angle
is not possible to establish of torgue on a dial graduated in degrees. The dial
one procedure for the preparation of tests reading multiplied by spring factory gives the torque.
specimens since soil conditions and constructio A container for soil tube of 38mm I.D. & 150 mm long
n can also be used as container. Complete with set of
methods vary widely. The soil test specimens are springs, one each of approx 0.2kg/cm,4kg/cm,6
prepared to duplicate the soil conditions existing (or kg/cm,8 kg/cm in a nice teak wooden carrying case.
expected to occur later) in the field. Although
penetration tests are most frequently performed on Motorised Model
laboratory-compacted test specimens, they may also
Complete with set of springs, one each of approx
be
0.2kg/cm, 4kg/cm,6 kg/cm,8 kg/cm in a nice teak
performed pon undisturbed soil samples or in th
wooden carrying case. but with motorised, rate of
e field upon the soil in place. Detailed procedures for
rotation is 1/60 RPM.
preparing the test samples and performing the
test can be found in NAVFAC MO-330.CBR Test Relevant Standard : IS : 2720(Part-XXX)
Equipment and
3. CONE PENETROMETER having diameter of about 12 to 15 cm with smooth
surface as per IS 2720 (part V-1985)
4. Sieve Set
A sieve, or sifter, is a
device for separating
wanted elements
from unwanted
material or for
characterizing the
particle size
distribution of a
sample, typically
The cone penetration or cone penetrometer using a woven screen
test (CPT) is a method used to determine such as a mesh or net or metal. The word "sift"
the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and derives from "sieve". In cooking, a sifter is used to
delineating soil stratigraphy. It was initially developed separate and break up clumps in dry ingredients such
in the 1950s at the Dutch Laboratory for Soil as flour, as well as to aerate and combine them. A
Mechanics in Delft to investigate soft soils. Based on strainer is a form of sieve used to separate solids from
this history it has also been called the "Dutch cone liquid.
test".
5. SOIL HYDROMETER
It will consist of metallic cone with half angle of 15' -
30 15' and 30.50mm coned length. It will be fixed at
the end of a metallic rod with a disc at the top of the
rod so as to have a total sliding weight of 148 0.5
gms. The total rod shall pass through two guides. (to
ensure vertical movement) fixed to a stand. Suitable
provision will be made for clamping the vertical rod at
any desired height above the surface of the paste in
the trough. A brass trough 50 mm internal diameter
and 50 mm depth will be provided as per IS
specification resting on M.S.bars. There will be no abrupt changes in the cross section
of the hydrometer, that will hinder cleaning or drying
Optional Accessories
or permit air bubble to be trapped. The graduation of
Ground Glass : 10mm thick and about 45 cm square hydrometer will be on the basis of liquid having a
or larger rough glass as per IS 2720 (Part V-1985) for surface tension of 55 dynes/cm. The graduation lines
mixing soil and water will be at intervals of 0.0005, every alternate line will
Spatula : Flexible with blade about 8 cm long and 2 cm extend beyond the shortest lines; every tenth
wide made from stainless steel material as per graduation will exceed that of all the intervening lines
IS:2720 (part V-1985) and will be numbered in full. The basis of the scale will
Evaporating dish : Made from porcelain material be density (g/ml) at 27' deg C. The maximum
permissible scale error on the hydrometer is plus or Two sets of rammers are provided, one of 2.6kg. And
minus one scale division. the other of 4.89 kg arranged for 310mm and 450mm
fall respectively. For compaction soil into 150mm dia
Hydrometer Jar (IS 2720, Part-IV, 1985, section moulds, 100mm face dia rammers having weight of
5.2.1.2) 4.89Kg is used. Where as for 100mm dia moulds, they
are of 50mm dia. The rammer assembly is provided
It will be transparent glass with uniform thickness and
with a ratchet and pawl arrangement to lift it from the
base size. It will have a mark of 1000 ml capacity with
top of the soil layer. When the rammer reaches the
7 cm dia at a height of 330 mm_+5 mm. Over all
required height the pawl release the rammer, which
height of the cylinder will be about 400 mm without
falls freely on soil surface. The release mechanism is
spout
connected by an arm moving up and down which is
6. SOIL PERMEABILITY APPARATUS connected to a reduction gear coupled to the motor
through another arm. An automatic blow counter
fitted to the compactor is used to set the number of
blows. The base plate of the specimen mould is to be
fitted to the rotating base plate of the instrument
which makes 1/5th revolution per operation.
Operation on 230 volts, 50 cycles, single phase, A.C.
supply, Moulds are to be ordered separately.
8. SIEVE SHAKER
9. WEIGHING SCALE
It is a motor driven mechanical compactor useful for
soil compaction into 100mm or 150mm dia moulds.
11. Speedy Moisture Tester
Includes all the parts necessary for compliance with For soil containing a range of coarse and fine particles
the most recent requirements of ASTM D3080. it is usual to employ a composite test of sieving and
sedimentation procedures. The Sand Equivalent Test
The kit minimises the frictional force between the top serves as a rapid field test to show the relative
and bottom sections of the cutting box. proportions of clay-like or plastic fines and dusts in
granular soils and fine aggregates.
19. Pocket Shearmeter
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