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Final Paper Darwin 2.1
Final Paper Darwin 2.1
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
us. Vegetables has many vitamins and proteins that our body needs in order
to gain strength and to do work. Some of this vegetables takes long period
of time to grow.
Vegetables are very important in our everyday meal, since it plays the role
of giving the body nutrients and energy for people to work properly.
bio resource, many have been used as a source of food, industrial raw
The researchers think of a way that can boost and speed up the
Hypothesis
This study aims to prove that the extract of seaweed will boost the
The researchers aim and want to study and know the effectiveness
between tomato plants used with seaweed extract as bio stimulants without
tomatoes?
2. How long will it take for the plant to grow with the use of the said bio
stimulant?
3
3. Does the amount of seaweed extracts added affect the growth of tomato
plants?
work will be easier and their normal production of tomatoes will increase.
Students. Students will benefit from this because they can apply
study because the future researchers will be able to continue and improve
the study.
benefit from this study because they can apply this study to their local
conducted for 3 weeks and after giving 3 treatments a day to the set-up
and 5 treatments a day to the other one, the researchers were able to
of tomatoes.
This study does not include other plants and crops. It does not also
control the weather or the climate change rather, or the use of any other
CHAPTER II
studies which have direct bearing on the research study. It contains also
Related Literature
Perceiving the need to set up a legitimate structure for the showcasing and
and/or smaller scale life forms whose capacity when connected to plants or
has been accounted for already (Calvo et al., 2014; Rose et al., 2014) and
and zinc sulfate was exquisitely illustrated. This examination did not figure
expanded sink quality as was watched when this same item was utilized as
Vergnes et al. (2014) utilized foliar use of a key oil got from
higginsianum. The creators presumed that the key oil from G. procumbens
al. (2014) who noticed that the negative impacts of SA can be relieved by
In the late 1960s, Dr. T.L. Senn at Clemson University found that
for every penny of green administrators reviewed in the United States say
Kamok.
must discover that the advantages of the item were not simply originating
from the manure part. Gallant, A. (2004, March) Bio-Stimulants: What They
Were and How They Work. Retrieved August 29, 2016, from :
http://wwpaper.pdfw.thenogstoreusa.com/uploads/golfcourse_biostimulan
ts_white. this this is related to the present study because it stated facts on
seaweeds as a biostimulant.
wide term that actually implies a gathering of fixings that fortify life. This
items.
fixings.
degree different in nature, starting point, union, capacity, and part in plant-
10
Many people call the plants that you ordinarily see under your feet
the coast; kelp. By and by, I favor the term ocean vegetables, they were
intrusive species that we don't need, for instance, in the greenery enclosure,
fish, that only very seldom causes issues for us. They were quickly turning
Kelp develop in each ocean and sea around the globe, from the
equator to the Artic, unfathomable beds of kelp develop from simply over
the shoreline line to the total furthest reaches that light can reach. They
green growth. It was no big surprise then that keeps an eye on utilization
of ocean growth and the effect they probably have made on our precursors
the seaweeds.
Kelp has been utilized everywhere throughout the world for a large
number of years and was a sort of green growth. Green growth came to
presence around three and a half billion years prior and was in 75% of the
air we breath.
been utilized subsequent to 2700 BC as a part of China. In 600 BC, Sze Teu
composed that in China that ocean growth was made for uncommon visitors
or rulers. In 300 BC, Chi Han composed a book about ocean growth. In
China, kelp was utilized as a part of the fifth century for sustenance. In
of Greek and Roman times. Greeks even utilized ocean growth to sustain
green growth were utilized as wellsprings of biting the dust specialists and
The old Hawaiians developed kelp gardens. They utilized 60-70 types
their leis. In Hawaii, the story was that Hawaiians trust that a shark-man
was murdered and the cinders transformed into a ruddy kelp that was
lethal. We have done some broad examination on kelp and we don't know
about any sort that would be lethal. The Tongans have a long history of
utilization with Limu Moui, which a chestnut ocean plant. The Tongans
trusted Limu Moui would give them life span and general great wellbeing.
For quite a while, the Tongans were the main individuals who knew the
mystery of Limu Moui. The Tongans devoured Limu Moui for a long time
and was a staple in their eating routine. At the point when Captain Cook
went to Tonga in 1777, the Tongans offered him Limu Moui to reestablish
his quality and vitality. Seaweed: A Brief History. Retrieved August 29, 2016
related to the said study because it talks about the history of seaweeds and
It was not until after WWII that precise examination into the
advantages of ocean growth occurred. Despite the fact that kelp has been
investigated for more than 50 years now, the accurate instrument through
which it applies its positive impact was still not completely known.
At first the thinking was that the advantages got from ocean growth use
were for the most part brought about by the follow components.
like potassium, however most just in follow sums. Minerals drain out
through the impact of weathering from all area masses. In the long haul
these components constantly discover their way into the ocean, where they
too high for area based plants to endure in any generous sum; generally
accessible to the plant, yet as a foliar application likewise causes the plants
to build its uptake of soil supplements through the roots there was a more
of them were required in just little extents. They happen actually. Plants
There were a wide range of auxins and they all have their particular parts.
Their principle capacity was the control of rate of development. They have
structure as weedkillers.
negligible ice (to - 3 C) and retard senescence (maturing forms) in the plant.
from http://biodynamics.net.au/resources/benefits-of-seaweed-and-fish-
Korea and China, where ocean growth development has turned into a
utilization was confined and there has not been any real weight to create
modern scale at present however were conceivable choices for the 21st
century.
sustenances, makeup, manures, and for the extraction of modern gums and
Kelp supper was dried, processed ocean growth, and again it was
generally in light of the cocoa kelp since they were the most promptly
the basic ones. They were sold as soil added substances and capacity as
conventional creature excrements and the run of the mill N:P:K proportions
Their adequacy as manures was likewise now and again credited to the
17
follow components they contain, however the real commitment they make
Ireland that produces processed ocean growth for the alginate business was
creating applications for kelp feast in Mediterranean foods grown from the
depends on the cocoa kelp Ecklonia maxima that was appeared on the
shorelines of the west bank of Africa and Namibia. Weiersbye et al. (no
Ecklonia maxima was tried for potential application as a compost and soil
Maerl was a compost got from red ocean growth that develop with
on the bank of France close to the mouths of streams and quiet sounds,
where the water temperature must be 13C or higher. They were gathered
substitute for horticultural lime. Maerl was more costly than lime yet was
components.
They were all produced using chestnut kelp, despite the fact that the
the ocean growth and anything that does not break down was expelled by
at - 25C, pulverized into fine particles and homogenized; the outcome was
a velvety item with particles of 6-10 micrometers; everything from the kelp
was in the item. Different chemicals might be added to enhance the item
technique that does not include the utilization of warmth, chemicals or lack
of hydration. Crisp plants were reaped by cutting from the stones at the
size utilizing wet processing gear. These little particles were at long last
gone under amazingly high weight into a low-weight chamber with the goal
At long last there was the issue, were kelp removes a monetarily
alluring contrasting option to NPK manures? Maybe not when utilized all
alone, but rather when utilized with NPK composts they enhance the
expenses. At that point there were dependably the individuals who lean
ocean growth separates most likely have a brilliant future. 9 Other Uses of
the said study beacause it stated that seaweeds can be used in cultivation.
for take care of the expanding demand of safe and ecologically well
water uptake, development and improvement of the plant and its resistance
to abiotic stress.
level. The lawful iter differs broadly: from a free market access to a
and natural information to play out the danger appraisal. In November the
numerous others will go to this occasion, much the same as beyond any
more than 8 billion individuals by 2030 and more than 9 billion individuals
21
developing voracity implies that agribusiness will turn out to be a great deal
being basic to the employments of people and to the strength of the general
worldwide economy. Since the quantity of arable sections of land was relied
developing, hungry world. In the meantime, edit creation will keep on being
level. Rather, every state has its own compost administrative project. Along
these lines, there were various diverse and regularly clashing models
way that there was no single, existing system for how to enroll or mark
that: "A biostimulant was a material that, when connected to a plant, seed,
reaction."
by 700 individuals from more than 30 nations, with participants going from
items in the field, to CEOs of the organizations at the front line of this
million hectares (9.9 million sections of land), a number which was certain
utilized. Given that the business was in its initial stages, a study should be
led sooner rather than later to better answer these inquiries. Their Current
agriculture-their-current-and-future-role-in-a-connected-agricultural-
economy/
24
(2012) Boost on Rice Yield through Use of Seaweed Extract Bulacan rice
of Science and Technology (DOST) have created PGP and directed trials in
Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Laguna and Iloilo and these brought about an
and Development of the DOST. PGPs were dispersed to 650 ranchers for
testing in Pulilan, Bulacan, and will be field tried in 2,000 hectares of rice in
a little change of gamma light, can build rice generation by around a third
red palatable kelp. Carageenan was broadly utilized for its gelling,
Lucille Abad, head of PNRI's science research area. The farming advantages
"CPFS can be made with just the natural carrageenan and water handled
by gamma radiation. The item that was shaped was not and can never be
powerful." Abad says the CPFS definitions will be enlisted with the
from field trials in around 37,000 hectares across the country for two
one test in Bulacan area which was close Metro Manila, comes about
National Crop Protection Center and who headed the field trials led in
with 200 sections for every million or 20 milliliters for every liter of CPFS
yielded higher rice grain weight of 450 grams for every 10 slopes (hill of
grain weight of just 275 grams for each ten slopes. Abad and her
exploration group initially tried the CPFS in pot tests inside nurseries at
PNRI. Different focuses were splashed on the leaves of rice. Comes about
demonstrated rice stems and the length of the panicles that bear the grains
and bacterial leaf curse, both significant rice bugs. The CPFS was
cordial creepy crawlies, for example, ladybird scarabs and bugs that control
27
destructive bugs like the chestnut plant containers and green leaf
which was gotten from carrageenan separated from red consumable ocean
growth. Carageenan was broadly utilized for its gelling, thickening and
and cleanser.
Silva (2016) Bunches making claims that the ocean growth from the
worldwide interest for ocean growth and these reports just aggravate it for
them.
"That was not right. The Philippines won't trade pathogens through
(UN) that prescribed more tightly controls on the overall ocean growth
The report said ocean growth can at times cause hurt, and in addition,
growth harvest was traded, sends out have gone around 20 to 30 percent
in the primary portion of 2016. In any case, he said he stayed cheerful that
prospects for the business would improve toward the end of the year.
He said this decrease can likewise be ascribed to reports in the United States
saying that carrageenan, or ocean growth concentrate, was awful for one's
wellbeing.
"News like this won't help. Kelp costs have gone down so low, agriculturists
SIAP will likewise hold a national kelp meeting from Nov. 23 to 25 in Cebu
City to examine and discover answers for the business' problems that were
begging to be addressed.
30
Related Studies
crude materials, and in restorative and plant applications for quite a long
time. Also, kelp and ocean growth inferred items have been generally
yield of Triticum aestivum var. Pusa Gold by Kumar and Sahoo (2011) stated
31
was considered. Utilization of a lower focus (20%) of SLE improved the rate
number and seed dry weight. All development and yield parameters were
up to (100%) seed germination was watched for the 20% focus SLE
treatment, a 11% expansion over the control. The present review showed
because it focuses on the impact on the plant Triticum aestivum var. Pusa
course fairways, greens, and tees. Small reproducing particularly went for
the present study because it uses seaweed extracts but to lessen the effect
macroalgae and use of extracts for crop management to reduce abiotic and
development and advancement with the end goal that the reaction can't be
harvest and natural product yields, solidifying, dry spell and salt resilience,
and plant development controllers, and may have a part in keeping up yield
study because the seaweed extracts are used as stimulants on the growth
of tomatoes.
(2012) stated that regardless of its high ability to take up nitrate from soil,
seeds. In this way, to look after yield, rapeseed requires a high preparation
results was the seaweed is effective to use as plant stimulant. The said
however, it is different to each other because the present study uses the
plants.
The study entitled Effect of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and
Rathore et al., (2009) conducted a field investigation was led amid the
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] become under rainfed conditions without
the use of compound manures. The foliar shower was connected twice at
35
seven focuses (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and 15% v/v) of ocean growth
yield parameters. The most elevated grain yield was recorded with uses of
15% ocean growth remove, trailed by 12.5% kelp extricate that brought
about 57% and 46% increments separately contrasted with the control. The
most extreme straw yield was additionally accomplished with 15% kelp
likewise seen with ocean growth remove applications. Hence, under rainfed
promising alternative for yield improvement. The said study is related to the
different because the seaweed extracts are used in soybean while in the
mandarin and Navelina orange at bud sprouting, at full bloom and at the
full bloom increased the yield by 22%, and the combination of seaweed
extract and GA3 resulted in a 41% increase of yield. Mean fruit weight was
differences were observed in the mean fruit weight of this cultivar. The
the present study focuses on enhancing the growth of tomato plants with
The study entitled Effect of Red and Green Algal Extracts on Hyphal
and Growth of Papaya and Passionfruit by Kuwada et al., (2006) stated that
foundations of its host plant. Impacts of red and green algal concentrates
cottonii, and a green alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, were extricated with 75%
eluted with 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100% MeOH. A quarter century MeOH parts
(25% MeOH eluates) of each sort of alga most essentially expanded in vitro
was not seen in any of the fractioned MeOH eluates. Root colonization of
papaya and of passionfruit were notably fortified by the use of the 25%
these plants were elevated in contrast with the control. These outcomes
realted to the present study since it uses seaweed extracts to enhance the
derived by the algae Ascophillum nodosum, but differently from some older
38
mineral nutrient uptake and the abiotic stress tolerance. The aim of this
increased the vegetative growth (10%), the leaf chlorophyll content (11%),
the stomata density (6.5%), the photosynthetic rate and the fruit
production (27%) and berry weight. The most significant result was the
increase of the plant biomass: the shoot dry matter was increased up to
The said study is related to the present study since it uses seaweed extracts
the present study seaweed extracts are applied on tomato plant while in
the impact of foliar uses of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria edulis sap
on development and yield reaction of wheat var. 'GW 496'. Three foliar
showers of both saps were connected at the rate of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%
13.16% for plants getting 7.5% and 5.0% groupings of K. alvarezii and G.
edulis sap, separately, over control. The expansion in yield was ascribed to
increments in the quantity of spike, spike weight, spike length and 100 seed
substance in grains from 7.91% (K) 31.82% (S) though G. edulis sap
expanded supplement content 5.72% (N) 37.54% (Mg). The said study
of Peachay Plant (Brassica rapa) by Casulla L. (2016) states that janitor fish
Pechay plants. The aim of the study is to make the janitor fish a useful one
organic fertilizer. The study sought to prove the potential of Janitor Fish
rejuvenate the soil for better plants growth and increase crop yields. The
result of the research states that the Janitor Fish and brown Algae plant is
an effective organic fertilizer for Pechay plants. The said study is related to
plants. The difference of the study to the present study is that it uses
fertilizer. The experiment lasted for a month and the result was that the
controlled set up has the slowest rate of growth wherein it was rated fully-
within 20 days. The said study is related to the present study because the
experiment focuses on making the plant grow faster. The difference of the
said study is that the present study uses seaweed extracts as fertilizer in
tomato plants.
41
Duran (2012) experimented with the treatment: T1- 100% organic fertilizer,
T2: 100% inorganic fertilizer, and T3: 50% organic and 50% inorganic. The
result of the study states that the yield of upland rice was significantly
affected by the kakawate hedgegrows and the setup with 50% organic and
50% inorganic fertilizers had the increase of rice production. The present
production. But the difference of the present study to the said study is that
lowland rice environment. However, the effect on rice grain yield carried
increase across fertilizer treatment was 5% and 18% for the best bio
The said study is related to the researchers study because the main goal is
to increase production of crops while the difference is that the present study
Wetland Rice. I. The Philippines states that urea is the main form of
evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, the experiment was done in the
farm of International Rice Research Institute. The result was that deep-
point placement of urea super granules between the rice hills consistently
provided the highest plant recovery in all experiment and at all harvest time.
The study is related to the present study since the main goal of the
experiment is to help improve the plants growth. The difference of the said
study to the present study is that it uses nitrogen fertilizer which urea is the
2016.
the growth of the plants. The said research is related to the present study
is different because the present study gave focus on enhancing the growth
of tomato plant.
entitled Growth, Yield and Postharvest Quality of Aster (Aster ericoides L.)
biowaste compost (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 kg m-2) alone or in combination with
height, length, and weight of flowers stalk and number of secondary panicle
branches aster. The study is related to the present research study since it
data collected from 202 eggplant farmers randomly selected from the two
production. The study is related to the present study since its main purpose
effect of different fertilizers in growth and yield performance. The said study
of plants. It is different to the present study since the present study will use
determine the size of flower and length of stalk or rose flowers. The result
was that foliar spray plus the application of 14-14-14, chicken dung and
hog manure in the soil every 15 days significantly produced more quality
45
flowers than those who received foliar spray only. The experiment is related
to the present study since its main goal is to enhance the growth of the
plants. The difference is that the present study uses seaweed extracts and
While most of the presented literature and studies have exploited the
effect of organic fertilizers on the growth of plants, the study intends to fill
the absence of normal and organic planting which highlight the use of
fertilizers.
Theoretical Framework
research, it requires causal knowledge. The selection of the theory has been
and methodology forms the basis of determining how effective will the
alteration of the genetic code itself, it challenges and affects the gene
of phenomena through which one thing, for example the cause, under
certain conditions gives rise to, causes something else, or the effect. The
both for defining simultaneous events, events that are contiguous in time,
and events whose effect is born with the cause. In addition, cause and
between cause and effect may be expressed in the formula: if A is the cause
An effect may have several causes, some of which are necessary and others
accidental.
Conceptual Framework
on growth of tomatoes.
The first stage is the setup. It includes the planning for the type of
soil to ne used and getting the extract of the seaweed to make the plants
48
recording the observations when the seaweed extracts are used on the
tomato plants. It will include the taking of notes on every significant and
unusual findings on the tomato plants. After collecting the data gathered
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
49
Figure 3.1
50
Definition of Terms
cutting it out. In this study, the researcher educe the seaweed to get the
Tomatoes. A round, soft, red fruit that is eaten raw or cooked and
needed in this study to be the subject in how will the seaweed extract work
as a bio stimulant.
this study, to boost is to speed up the growth of plant by using the extract
of seaweed plant.
CHAPTER III
Materials
Seaweed (3 kilograms)
First, gather all the materials needed in the experiment. Then, wash
thoroughly. Next is get the extract of the seaweed plants, get the loam soil
and place it in the plant box. Then, plant the tomato seeds in the soils and
place the extracted seaweed on the seeds of tomato. Lastly, place it under
the sun and water the plants daily and observe the plant as day passes by.
Research Design
is production-oriented.
54
induction or Faradays Law to produce induced current and store it for future
use.
Sources of Data
tomato plants with and without the seaweed extract in order to know the
difference when the tomato plants were implanted seaweed extracts. Every
other day, the researchers will, record sudden changes based from the
height, number of leaves, and the number of tomato fruits over a period of
time.
Instrumentation
was used to rate the observations on the plants. The table is designed by
the researcher following the number of leaves, height, and its size will be
Statistical Treatment
55
WM = n x W N
Where:
W is the weight
P (%) = n N x 100
Where:
56
P is the Percentage
CHAPTER IV
57
TOMATOES
The table below shows the data and observations obtained from the
Seaweed (mL)
A 2
B 2
C 2
Figure 4.1
The mean of the height, number of leaves and the color were computed.
The table below shows the data and observations obtained from the
seaweed (mL)
A 23
B 7
C 12
Figure 4.2
week. The mean of the height, number of leaves and the color were
The table below shows the data and observations obtained from the
Seaweed (mL)
A 23
B 30
C 53
Figure 4.3
Table 4.4 shows the weighted mean of tomato plants sprayed with seaweed
extracts with 3 tablespoons and 5 tablespoons on the third week. The mean
of the height, number of leaves and the color were computed. The data
CHAPTER V
further study are also provided to give insights for future researchers
Summary
Many kinds of fertilizer are used specially by the farmers for their
plants and crops so that it will grow faster. Fertilizer is a material that is
applied to soil to add more nutrients essential to the growth of plants. Plants
and plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesizing. But this is not only
the role of plants to us. Plants, specifically vegetables, are needed by each
of us since this provides energy and nutrients that our body needs. Hence,
this study intended to provide a bio stimulant out of the extract of seaweed
to help the plant grow faster. Specifically, the plant used by the researchers
is tomatoes.
61
How long will it take for the plant to grow with the use of the said bio
stimulant?
Findings
follows:
tomatoes, it is not fully effective as the researcher noticed listed in the data
gathering above. The controlled variable still has the highest height and
number of leaves compared to the two tested variable. The one with five
seaweed extract.
2. The tomato plant grow within the selected time frame but the bio stimulant
Conclusions
1. The seaweed extracts were not fully effective on the growth of tomato since
there are factors affecting the growth of the said plant. In the Set up B the
2. The still grow as it is but the bio stimulant had an effect to the plant.
The natural way on how tomatoes grow is more effective rather than using
Recommendation
1.
2.