OXFORD] BOSE cea) Pro Workbook10 1 12 ontents Communication Careers Employment Import-Export Marketing, Retail Competition Innovation Money / Negotiation Market research Investment Ethics Answer key 4 19 30 36 a 46 51 56 a 67BD Communication VOCABULARY Use the clues to complete the puzzle. What is the mystery word? ‘To telephone. Receive information electronically via the Internet. letter sent electronically ‘A phone you carry with you. Spend time on the Internet. Connected to the Internet. Where you can find information about a company on the Internet. Exchanging messages to ‘talk’ online. ‘To send a copy of a document on a machine that uses the telephone lines. 10. What you can add to 3. 11 Something you take when the caller someone wants to speak to isnt there. 2. Complete these sentences with words from the box. We'll pay your course fees ~ we take __ seriously here. ‘The Vatican has two alian and Latin. ‘Non-English speakers in English-speaking multinationals often fel that s from the US and Britain have an unfair advantage. 4 She often leaves work early so she can get to her by six o'ock 5 Thavea Cf Spanish, which means I manage most everyday situations. Tdon’t care if Tom is a of Japanese; he still has to do the job well. 7 Our diving instructor didnt speak English and we didn’t speak Turkish, so German was ourBD Connmication READING 41 Read the text and find words / expressions which mean the following: Paragraph 1 1. something which holds someone back 2 the people who work for a company 3° British people 4 only able to speak one language Paragraph 2 5 alistof results . 6 someone who speaks on behalf of an organization . 7 _ being able to learn languages 8 something which gets in the way Paragraph 3 9 the outer limits of an area 10. manage . 11 suitable 42 aperson somewhere different doing the same job 2 Read the text again and complet the statements by choosing aor b ’ 1 Compared with their continental equivalents British graduates are . poorly educated, b weak at languages 2. Gity businesses have realized that \ a knowing one language is not enough. _b_they are less competitive than before. 3. TheLondon Chamber of Commerce sugests thatthe British ar at earning angusgey a the worst b very bad he 4 French and Belgian graduates are successful with Eurostar because they a are better trained. b combine languages with something extra. 5... suggests that languages and cultural awareness go together. a Diageo b Eurostarcommunication AD GRAMMAR Choose the correct alternatives. ‘Next month education exnerts "wil ty /try to find out why the English 2are being / are so bad at foreign languages. A table which 3compares / is comparing how wel diferent European teenagers speak foreign languages “is showing / shows Britain atthe bottom. Educational experts Sore fearing / fear that the ‘widespread use of English Sake / wil make even more people believe that a knowledge of foreign languages “wll be / is unnecessary. They *helieve / are believing this view "damages / has damaged British business [prospects over the last few years. Entrepreneur Richard ‘Branson "had welcamed / has welcamed the enquiry. He "has never studied / didn't study a foreign language properly when he ‘had been / was younger and he 6 still regretting / sil regrets it. While he ™ established / was establishing Virgin's businesses in Japan he "Shad ‘noticed / noticed the positive effect that learing just a few words of Japanese "had / was having. P&P Word stress Counterpart has three parts (syllables): count-ter-part. In a dictionary, a stress mark (’) comes before the stressed part. een Look at these dictionary entries and underline the parts ae ey fo ‘ d eeaoeeemoe ADVANCED a LEARNER’S Siow f Dictionary one language. Pn eM Study the transcriptions of how these words are pronounced and underline the stressed part of each word. spokesman /'spaoksman/ Linguistic /in'gwistik/ graduate greedsuat/ handicap /"heendikeep/ knowledge /‘nolids/ discovered (dis kava(e)d/ ability /o"biloti/SPEAKING 4. Complete the conversation with a word or expression from 2-j below. ‘Communication ‘2 Would you mind spelling £ tocall me back b T'matraid 8 Hes got How can help hh Could I leave a message 4d Could I speak to Alan Blake i Pil put you through © Pil'make sure j TA like to speak. 2_ Even though they may not appear in writing, contractions are part of everyday speech. ‘Complete these sentences using the contracted form of the words in brackets. 1. (She is) She's from Oxford. 2 (willy __- make sure he gets it. 3. (Hehas) ___ got a new car. 4 Cwould) _ like to speak to the manager. 5. The photocopier (does not)... work. 6 aM) en Staying in London. 7 She knew (he had) _______ studied French at school. 8 They (will not) know the answer. UNCLE aif.) Saying phone numbers In English, phone numbers are given separately and are usually grouped in threes _and fours. For example, for 2478193 we say two four seven / eight one nine three. 0 is generally pronounced oh in British English, and zero in American English | Numbers in area codes are grouped together. For example, for 01271 we say oh one ‘two seven one. | When the same number is repeated, we say double. For example, for 01223 we say ‘oh one double two three. Write in full how you would say these numbers. Show breaks like this: (01933) 607544 (0191) 7721994 (0033) 153876930 _ (0044) 1875788906WRITING 1 Write these messages from an answering machine in note form to give to your colleagues. 1 “Hi, this is Malcolm Turner here, calling at 6.05 on Friday evening, Can you tell Jo Kellogg that I'll be coming into the office at around 11.30 on Tuesday to talk about the design of the book cover. 'm staying atthe Cosimo Lounge Hotel; their ‘number's (01665) 987455. Thanks? “This is Ludovic Vega here. I had wanted to speak to Merlin Pyke. Can he call me first thing on Monday? I'll be out ofthe office but he can reach me on my mobile. ‘The number is (0885) 6358852. Bye? 2. Match the forms of address 1-4 to the people a-d. Dear Sir or Madam Dear Mr Smith Dear Ms / Mrs / Miss Biggs Dear Pierre... man whose surname you know someone you know quite well a person whose name you do not know ‘a woman whose surname you know Note: For addressing women, Ms isa more neutral tite than Miss (unmarried women) and Mrs (married) 3 Match these ways of ending a leter to 1-4 above. 1 2 3 Yours sincerely Yours faithfully With best wishes 4. How would you begin and end a business letter to: 1 2 3 a woman called Angela Pike whom you have never met before? an official atthe town hall? ‘a man called Augustus Phelps, whom you know quite well and have done a lot of business with in the past?Careers VOCABULARY Use the clues to complete the puzzle. 4 + a] tea ¥ e P 2 eo . a ala Down 1. Certificates and diplomas are records of formal 2 What you have if you've already done a job. 3. A meeting where you are questioned about your suitability fora job 4 When you havea job you are Across To establish, for example, a busines. (so words) (ou are paid for doing a job. 5 6 The money 7 To complete a form. (two words) 8 9 ‘A more formal word for sack or fire. Statements about your character and abilities. 10. An official request for a job. 11. Travel to work and back by train, bus, or car, 12. A record of a person's education, employment, and interests 13 Ifyou take on too many staff, you might have to some of them (eo words) 14 The opposite of accept. (two words)0 Careers wv READING 41 Complete the article about recruitment on the Internet with sentences a-e below. b « a 1 2. Study these words and expressions in the text and choose the correct definition, But asthe test leads toa final interview, lying lke this is simply a waste of everyone's time. ‘Their computer test asks candidates questions like:'Why did you leave yout last job?” and then it responds to the answer, One student says that it enables graduates to see lots of different options without having to send off for application forms, which can take along time. One way of doing this is by using selection tests on the Internet which will tify unsuitable applicants reeruiting graduates... teaching students how to do 'b employing people who have just something left a university ‘an inevitable trend an unattractive fashion 'b something that is sure to happen send off for... ask for something to be sent by post _b_ dismiss somebody ‘at peak season a when regular staff are on holiday _b_ the busiest time of year drawbacks lisadvantages bextra expenses 3. Write short answers to these questions about the text. 1 ‘What are the aims of intelligent organizations when it comes to recruiting BAUALES . ‘How can computers help with recruitment? sess ‘What basic problem exists with computer recruitment tests? ‘What advantage do traditional recruitment fairs have over computer recruitment methodsBD Careers " GRAMMAR ‘Choose the correct altern 6 What do you think / are you thinking of the expansion plans? 7 We don't look / aren't looking forward to the meeting. 1. Their new car looks /is loking just like ours 2 Please could you be quiet, I think / I'm thinking 3) What does this question mean / is this question meaning? ing 8 Do you agre / Are you agreeing with the proposal? don't understand /'m not understanding this ow ag grecing with the prop 9 ee eee ea eer 9 When are you ieaving/ do you leave forthe weekend? 10 Normally, he works / is working in Munich but he is visiting / visits the Frankfurt branch, 5 The business usually does /s doing well but it’s going /it goes though a dificult period at the moment. SPEAKING 1 Your friend Martin is going for an interview tomorrow. Give him some advice by continuing the sentences below. 1. His hair is rather long and his clothes are too casual iL sn You should soc 2. His shoes need to be polished. You ought a -. 3. He looks tired. Tell him to have a good nights sleep. Tell him to go to bed early and have two alarm clocks so he wakes up on time. Make sen You should You ought ico 4 Tell him not to forget to take a copy of his application form. Tell him to smile ‘when he meets the interviewers. Remember oo Don't sis 5 Remind him to check the times of the trains and how to get to the interview. Tell him to take his street map of London with him. Make Remember 2. Look at how the s endings of these verb forms are pronounced differently. Put the verbs in the box into the correct column according to the ending. 7s Tal Tiel makes earns watchesn Careers 1m Apostrophes are used to replace a missing letter or show possession. Theyre the boy's (singular) / Mandy’s. They belong to the boy / Mandy.) Its the children's / the bays’ (plural). It belongs to the children / boys) Don't confuse: it (itis) with its (possessive adiective / pronoun) there's (there is) with thers (possessive pronoun) who's (who is) with whose (possessive pronoun), Correct these sentences. Each one has two mistakes. 4. Thatjé a lovely dog. What's it’s name? 2 Who's is this briefcase? Its Jef’ 3. Their staying at Julia's parents house. 4 You mus'nt take its it’s their's ‘Whose there? Only Lucy's brother's WRITING Read about Eduardo da Silvas life and then write a CV for him using these headings.BD . Employment VOCABULARY 41 Rearrange the letters in brackets to complete sentence beginnings 1~10. Then match them with endings 2-j below. 1. People in professions like teaching and nursing have to be p. (TIEANFT) 2 Melanie is incredibly a (ATBUSOMU): . 3 Joyceis very r (LIALEREB); 4 You sounded s0 ¢ (NONFGIETD) after the interviews 5 This ob is far too... (TSRUBISFS), 6 Because I'm studying as well, | need a f (EFLILEBX) job, 7 Weneed ad (NAYPCMD manager, 8 Iwantac, (HGLENGLIGNA) job which will test me; ... 9 Lwish I was as ¢ (EREAIGVT) as you; 10 He is bright and e (TENHTCSUISAI at the moment, but Um surprised that you didn’t get the job. I don't know how you manage to come up with new ideas all the time. € she wants to have her own company before she's twenty-five 4 someone who will find new business and make positive changes. € it's no good getting frustrated or angry. f where I decide what time I come to work and when I leave. something difficult but satisfying, hina few months hell be like all the others. i she's never late, and I can really depend on her. jm going to look for a job with less responsibility 2. Complete these sentences using the prepositions in the box. 1 He founded the business 198s. 2. I'm visiting the new branch October. 3. The invoice was sent 7 August 4 She's been working here she left school. 5. They are arriving three o'clock the afternoon. 6 The factory is open to the public Friday mornings. 7 The order must arrive Thursday at the latest. 8 Mr Jones will see you half an hour. 9 He was employed here three years, 1989) 19921 Empomert DB READING 41 Read about the Finnish company Nokia and find words and expressions which mean the following: Paragraph 1 4 including _ 2 aplan 3. alarge corporation made up of different firms __ 4 gradually developed and changed _ Paragraph 2 5 home-based worldwide technology using numbers basic idea the basic structures a country or organization needs to function efficiently Paragraph 3 10 take advantage of| 11. important quality Paragraph 4 412 generate / create more 13 predicting, 14. anestablished objective __ 2. Read the text again and decide if these statements are true (T) ot false (F). ‘There is little connection between Nokia these days and how it began. ‘The company has gone through three clear stages. _ ‘Nokia was not involved in telecommunications in the 1970s, _ ‘The company produced mobile phones which were only for the domestic market, Nokia became a world leader. Nokia has never had many competitors. 7 Nokia has taken advantage of the opportunities offered by changes in technology. 8 Nokia is unsure about how it wishes to develop. 9 Nokia shows the importance of good judgement and good timing. _ 40. Nokia creates and anticipates new markets. 3 Match the stress patterns to the words. The large (@) indicates the stressed syllable, ‘manufacturing ‘elecommunications technological twansmission a b infrastructure c ¢ eBD Enpoen . Nokia's history dates back engineer, Fredrik Idestam, est Finland and started manufactur company has evolved first several different industries ‘0 rubber. More tk w Nokia developed into a d ‘The groundwork for telecommuni 1960s as Nokia was researching the electronics department. In the | telecommunications i fi 1990s, Nokia bec Look at these ideas for recording a word you want to learn and remember, for example, conglomerate. Say what kind of word itis, for example, noun (n), adjective (ad) ee. conglomerate (n) Show how the word is stressed: SngBnts tte of conglomerate. Give a definition: a large corporation formed by joining together different firms Support the definition by putting the word in context: Nokia used to be a conglomerate with interests in the paper, chemicals, and rubber industries. Now do the same with three words from the text that are new to you.GRAMMAR 4. Damienne Northwood is a succesful designer and 1 Damienne Northwood (be born) on businesswoman, Study the diagram below and put the 23 September 1970, verbs in brackets in 1-6 below into the past simple, the 2 she lanriiedgs) doterecticnge present perfect or, where posible, the present perfect won (daigs) eves ee anne: 3 In 1980 she (make) her first dress and 4 Soar she (sel) 65,000 Northwood originals. 5 When she (be) eleven years old, she (sell) her frst collection of dolls clothes to friends 6 Between 1988 and 1990 she (study) at the London College of Design. 2. Write questions for these answers. 1 When 2 On 23 September 1970. 2 How long r Since she was seven, 3. How many 2 35,000, 4 Howlong ? For two years 5 When 2 In 1991 6 What 2 She founded Skunklings. 7 How many So far, she’s opened 18 branches. 8 How long Since 1998, 1970 co) ce 1970}B0m —_ 1977 Starts désigning clothes Still deggning 23 September 1980 Makes fist real dress Stil making dresses 1981 Solis frst collection £65,000 Nétnevood (of Gols clothes to frends originals gold 1988-1990 London College of Design 1991 Opens first Skunk stibp in Chelsea 1996 Founds Skunilings, clothes franchise ‘branches of ‘skunkjings, 1998 Woves to Sell ig NY Nbw YorkEmployment co SPEAKING ‘Choose the correct form of the verb: a,b, orc. 1 Pévather in sales or marketing a towork b work —c_ working 2 [prefer in the town to the country. a tolive b live — c_ living 3 [like abroad fora while, a togob go going 4° Would you rather _--- @job in a large or a small company? a tofind —b find ¢ finding Julia is discussing her future career with a placement officer at her college. Complete the gaps in the dialogue with the interviewer's questions a-¢ below. 1 see, and what do you think your greatest fault is? And how do you feel about working with other people? So what kind of job would you like to do? Do you think you'd like to work in a large or a small company? ‘What do you see yourself doing in three years’ time? ‘Would you like a job in the City? Say in banking or insurance? Really? Can you describe a situation where you had to be persuasive? is sometimes difficult to know how to pronounce a word from the way iis spelt. For ‘example, the sound /{/ appears in shop and station. Tick (V) the word that doesr’rhave aff sound. 1a transmission b_decision. c 2 a missile b_ telecommunications —¢ 3a sugar b structure impression 4a b establish © transition18 Employment ease ods, 5 | We write 1 December but we say the fist of December or December the frst | We can write the date using dots () oF slashes (/: 112.05 or 12/02/05, |B In British English the day ofthe month comes first and the month second, so 12.02.05, is 12 February 2005. However, in American English the month comes frst, and the day second, so 12.02.05 is 2 December 2005. 1 We write 1999 and 2005 but say nineteen ninety.nine and two thousand and five or toventy oh five. We write decades as the 1980s or the 's and we say the nineteen eighties or the eighties, etc. There is no apostrophe before the s. WRITING 1 Read this job advertisement. 2 Now read this letter of application for the above post. Make it more appropriate by replacing the words in italics with more formal expressions. 3 How would you begin and end the letter more appropriately?BD * Import—Export VOCABULARY Rearrange the letters in brackets to complete the sentences. 1 The government has introduced new regulations on the of beef (PTMOORNTAI) Do you agree with 1 2 (EFER/ RDTAE) ‘They expect free acces t our market, but use to guard their own! (RMCOTETSPIOND Their is terrible; just look at allthis paperwork. (BRUCEAYURAC) We could introduce. to limit the number of cars we import. (AUQOTS) Fixing high ‘would make them less attractive to potential customers. CUSTOMS (RTFAISF) 7 Just because their products are cheap doesnt mean that they are goods on the market, (PUMDGIN) 8 Toomany are bad for the balance of trade. (TIPMOSR) 9 The explorers jewellery and guns for gold and ivory. (ABRERDET) 10 The = market is also known as the home market. (OECMSIDT) Ditvttaiaieic9 Decimal points and commas 1m Before a decimal we say nought or oh in British English. American English uses zero. For example: 0.75 is spoken as nought / zero point seven fv. Aer a decimal point we say ah or zero, For example: 0.075 is spoken as nought / coh / zero point nought / oh / zero seven five, For prices we ignore the decimal point. For example: $7.50 is spoken as seven fifty or seven fy Prices less than a dolar or pound, are expressed in cents or pence, for example $0.75 is spoken as seventy-five cents. in Engish 2 comma (,) is used to show thousands For example: 25 030 is twentyfive thousand and thirty. Using commas and points, write numbers for the parts of these sentences in italics. That comes to eighteen pounds fifty-five. Only noughe point zero seven per cent of deliveries were late in May. “That's four sixty-three altogether, madam. It’s worth five point six euros, Fifty thousand four hundred and twenty-one dollars and ten cents The liquid should be stored at exactly rwo point six degrees Celsius20 Import-Export READING 41 Read paragraph A of the article and complete questions 1-8. 1 How old 2 As old as commerce itself 2 Where from? From the Latin word'feriae’. 3) When 7On St Matthew's day. 4 What's it like Its just a fun-fair. 5 Where 2 At exhibition contre, like the NEC in Birmingham. 6 Whydo 2 To do business and make contacts. 7 How many are in Germany? Three out of five. 8 Is Hamburg? No, it’s held in Frankfurt, Read paragraph B. Say if these statements describe traditional or virtual (Internet: based) trade fairs. Write T or V. You can assess people better. ‘You can find ont facts and figures more easily. You can visit the fairs when you like. _ ‘You can enjoy the social side of business. ‘You can do valuable preparatory work. _ Read paragraph C and answer questions 1 and 2 by choosing a,b, or c. 41 Sellers like virtual fairs because ‘athe right people are interested. b they enjoy competition © they often don't have a website. 2 Individual websites a are easy to lose. b_ look less professional ¢ are difficult to find. Find words and expressions in the article which mean the same as the following: Paragraph 1 1. aperiod of history around the thirteenth century 2 today /in our times _ 3 fixed and unchanging 4 receives guests 5 indanger _ 6 not real / only existing as electronic images 7 letyou enter 8 9 ‘exchange worldwide 410 investigating the choices you have Paragraph 3 11 to meet / get together 42 not complimentary 13 are greater thanea Faull stops, commas, colons, and semi colons tell us how text is meant to be read. 1 Fullstops end sentences and show the end of an idea: He took the bus home. 2 Commas reflect a pause in speech, They are used: ‘nists: tea, cofe, milk, 1M when there is more than one adjective before a noun: a smal, brown briefcase 1 to separate direct speech from the reporting ver: It was a useful meeting’ Jock said. Semi-colons are used! where two sentences are grammatically independent, bt they have a similar idea ‘Semco understands workers may prefer on early star; others like to choose what they |W for ists of longer items: Employees are atsed that: helmets must be worn ot all times; fire doors should remain closed. and they should check in and out each time they enter and leave the site. ‘Coons ae used: | where what follows the colon explains what came before it: Remember: the banks dose early today. | to introduce lists and sometimes direct speech: Jack sai: “You must bring a pen, paper. a pair of scissors, ond a ruler’ 22 Inoor- Expo BD GRAMMAR Laurent and Claude Ardouin have an apple farm in France. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the conversation. ov: Sohow tmuch/ manyland have you got? \aurenr: About fifty hectares, but we only use thirty. ‘you: Really, how ? many / much tons of frit do you ‘produce each year? ‘clave: * A lot / Many depends on the weather. Last year we had a late fost and had hardly ¢ any / ‘none apples at all. ‘you: Oh dear. And what about disease? How § much 7 many do you spray them? ‘CLAUDE: AS ® tte / few as possible. Just" a few / few times a year when it is absolutely necessary. ‘you: That's good. How do you sell them? CLAUDE: Wel, we sell most directly to supermarkets. ‘We also sell quite # ts / Jot at our local market. * Few / Several days a year we have ‘pick your ‘own’ which attracts ™ much / a lot of customers. ‘you: Do you employ ** many / much people? ‘aureNt: For most of the year almost nobody / ‘anybody, just one ful-timer. But for the harvest we. hire as many / much as thirty extra pickers. Poul? > Learning nouns Your dictionary can help you to find out more about When you meet 2 new noun, develop the habit of showing if it is countable (C) or uncountable (U). For 5] shows that a noun is countable because it has a example: eafvice (U)- She geve me some good advice. [6] show oan mahi bc eh Sree rca tr [U] shows that a noun is uncountable and doesn’t each one, fave aacporte diag and pra or 1 Look a his dictionary entry for business What dos it business [U] /brzmis/ 1 the activity of making, buying, selling, or supplying things for money; ‘commerce, trade: We don't do (much) business with foreign companies. 2 [Cl a commercial organization; a company, or ‘shop: She runs a successful grocery business. rs= a 2 Ge 2 Ss ee ee BD : Import Export SPEAKING Pritchards Match words and expressions below with words and phrases 1-14 in the text to produce a ‘more polite telephone conversation between two people speaking for the first time. _. Twas wondering if I could om» Could I have — you'd like to -- would you like _ Ya like Certainly _.. Good morning om Pim afraid _— Igould probably - Yes we do ‘would you be able to Could you please —— Could you tell me if oo would you likeInport-Export Dp WRITING Expand the prompts to produce a covering leter accompanying an invoice. Make any necessary changes to the verbs. The first sentence has been done as an example. the deluxe. croquet equipment. we. discussed...B s Marketing VOCABULARY 41 Complete the beginnings of these words with their endings in the box. 4 range 5 tar. 9 2 pro 6 br 40 seg, 3 im 7 slo, a4 lau 4 pene 8 lo a2 stra 2. Using some of the words from 1 above, answer these questions. 1 What are the following: “Beanz meanz Hein’ Clio, Safrane, Laguna, Megane, Espace: ; Lindt, Cadbury's of Mars, Nest ‘Complete the words in the boxes which connect the two items. fire or send a rocket iz anew product a piece of an orange 1 part of a market a plan of military activity a business plan fire your arrow at this, a business objective fe _ageneral impression what you see in the mirror LEARNING TIP 4 ES The first sentence ofa paragraph often summarizes what the rest ofthe paragraph contains. Always read the fist sentence ofa paragraph carefully, as this will often help you to predict what topic comes next Find a reading text from earlier in this Workbook and decide how true this is.Marketing BD READING 41 Quickly read the text and say which paragraph A-F these sentences summarize. Products sold by early traders dev sped into well-known brands, The majority of big brand names are American. Manufacturing and media developments helped to establish brands, Brands became desirable and appealing. Brands began to grow on a national scale It is simpler to promote brands in the States than in Europe. [BEY Brands are among the great icons ofthe twentieth century. The fact that uy Your Fe eM ios ot'them ae Americans because American busneses hve a developed brands faster than their European counterparts. {HILT The development of brands is partly the result of the geography of the USA, While American companies have had (and have) a huge, relatively similar national market, European companies do not. They have had to learn to adapt tothe cultural differences between individual countries in Europe. [EG 10 significant extent, the history of brands is ted up with the history of the USA. uring the late nineteenth century, traders travelled all round the States selling every known medicine or treatment. Their medicines and tobacco products set the trend in national branding. Although they ‘were only distributed regionally, they developed recognizable brand names and identities. IE Brands were not restricted to low-quality, resionaly distributed products {or long. They soon took the great leap frward into the high quality mass market. The conditions were right. An efficent transpart system meant that a successful product in Chicago could be sold cost-effectively in St Louis. [EL trmprovements weren't limited to transport. Production processes and packaging also improved and advertising almost became respectable. There were also changes in trade mark laws and increasing industriaization and urbanization, INEGR The period ater World War 1 consolidated the place of brands. Advertising became increasingly common and the acquisition of brands became identified with success and development. Consumers now wanted Fords nt just motor cas. 2 Find words and expressions in the completed text which mean the following Paragraph A 1. powerful symbols 2 people in other countries or businesses who have similar roles to you Paragraph B 3 very big Paragraph C 4 people who buy and sell goods 5S started a fashion / a general direction for doing things& Marketing Paragraph D 6 abig jump __ 7 something involving a very large number of people 8 profitably Paragraph E 9 the materials used to protect a product 10-a registered design or name used to identify a company’s goods 11 the growth of towns and cities. Paragraph F 12. made secure or strong 13. associated with 3. Answer these questions. 1 Why do most famous brands come from the United States, not Europe? 2. What kind of products were the first brands? 3. How were brands able to reach a wider market? 4 What other factors helped brands to grow? 5. How did consumers feel about brands after World War I? Ptah Approximate dates 0 years iso decade; 100 years is a century; 1,000 years i a millennium, | When referring to decades we say, for example: the nineties or the nineteen nineties (meaning the 19905) 1B For people (not things) we say, for example: Shes in her twenties (meaning between twenty and thirty) and in her teens (meaning between 13 and 19). 1M We can be more precise by using early, mid, and late. For example: ‘The late sities was an exciting time in potics. (meaning 1967-1969) Coal was discovered in the eoly eighteenth century. (meaning between the 1700s and the 1730s) (Our teacher's in his mid forties. (meaning between 44 and 46) Now rephrase the parts of the sentences that are in italics. ‘The company was founded in around 1925. ‘Our product range evolved between 1980 and 1990. Between 1900 and 2000, methods of promoting products changed completly. Even our oldest workers are only around 32, ‘The firm started exporting in around 1988, ‘She opened her first shop when she was around 15.2% Marketing GRAMMAR 4 Study the information about three mobile phones, then complete the sentences using the modals in the box below. Some can be used more than once. 2 3 With the Wanderer you‘! 2. "havea, Je contract; however you 2 buy nits every two months. It works abroad, although you Tn seit in the States. You /:4.15.°2./ take out a contract for the Free , 4, Spirit. However you #1824 185 gad Ha a three hours calls a month. You £2 / “even use it on holiday if you choose the international option have a contract, With the Rover you 22"... either. It works with a card, but you absolutely ~7____ remember to havea spare card with you if t runs out Youll only .2¢,25°°. 72 get a new card from certain newsagents and tobacconists. 2. Read the descriptions of three potential mobile phone ‘customers and decide which phone you would recommend for each one. Which phe 1 should they consider? Sue Lins 2. could they consider? Mary 2 Lisa Sue should they not consider?E BD Maing > vet SPEAKING ‘1 Complete the conversation with words and expressions from the box.Marketing DF WRITING Freebee sells and customizes promotional gifts for lange companies to give away to their customers. It has produced a simple light meter called the Pale Safe. which tells you how long itis safe to stay in the sun. Read this leter to the promotions manager of Robinson's, a large holiday company. Choose the correct alternatives. Dear Ms Jago | was very ' pleased / delighted to meet you at the Tour Operators fair in Brighton last week. | have pleasure ?fo enclose In enclosing albroshie with ‘our full range / scale of products and a complimentary * copy / sample of the ale Safe light meter for you to examine, We feel certain that you will know / recognize the * benefits| profits of the Pale Safe. With the summer holidays approaching, responsible parents and people with pale skin are aware of | by the dangers of being in the sun for too long, However | Although, they don't want to stay out of the sun altogether when they are on holiday. ° That is why / So that the Pale Safe is the perfect gift for your customers, I's easy fo use, and it's small so that / because it can be kept in any beach bag. Your clients will no longer have to suffer from the pain of sunburn; "this means that / so that more of them '2 will have / have happy memories of their holidays with your company. = Unfortunately, we '° are unable / couldn't to consider your request for twelve ‘weeks’ credit, but we would be prepared to offer you a substantial reduction / discount if payment is received 'S within | after thirty days of the invoice date. In addition, we will customize the Pale Safe with your company’s logo for an order of more than five thousand. This is a "unique / single way of reinforcing your company's "7 impression | image. 118 00k | ooking forward to receiving your order. ® in the meantime | While waiting, please do not 2° hesitate / wail to contact me if you have any 2! extra / further queries. ae ‘Yours ® faithfully | sincerely Suzanna BergBD a Retail 1 geeuaununas VOCABULARY 41 What kind of shop are the following people in or describing? If forget something, I just have to walk down the road. They sell most things and it’s open until late. The family that run it are lovely? "Well, we usually park in Queen's car park. From then on, everything is under cover and it has got all our favourite shops. You can easily spend all day there and it doesn’t matter about the weather? ‘Children’s toys? No this is electrical goods, madam. You need to take the lift to the third floor! - always go to Madrigal, isa small shop but it has really beautiful clothes. It's ‘expensive, but you aren't going to meet someone wearing the same dress at a party? ‘We go there every Saturday and buy things like food and washing powder to last us the following week. My job isto push the trolley round!” 1 find shops lke this rally depressing ~ they're the same wherever you go. The High Street is fll of them. Sometimes I have to remind myself which town [live in, everywhere looks the same because of them? 2 Use the clues to complete the puzzle. What is the mystery word? To display. (informal) ‘Where goods are presented. What you keep in reserve to sel A person / company that sells things to the public. A very large storeroom. emeone who buys. bay. (formal) money you pay atthe checkout goes into this. path in a plane, a church, or a supermarket. Thee series of thick and thin lines on packaging that is scanned at the checkout.2 pet BD READING 41 Read paragraphs A-E and reconstruct the article by putting them in the correct ord 2. Find words and expressions which mean the following: way of buying and selling goods by post as a result of people talking to each other __ persuaded him to do something _ became successful suddenly / increased very quickly _ the money from sales that comes into a business each year Answer the questions or complete the sentences sing a or b. a pl 1 Chris. a immediately recognized the potential of e-commerce. b was unsure of e-commerce at first. 2 Five years ago he obtained business through personal recommendation. bb well-targeted advertising, 3. How did Chris feel about developing a website? He was easily convinced of its benefits. b_ Hedidn't think it would be worth it. 4 The first few weeks... | seemed to confirm what Chris had always believed. bb sawa sudden increase in business. 5 When business started to come in . | a. the increase was dramatic. bit increased slowly and gradually. | 6 E-commerce means that exports account for £250,000 worth of business. 'b his firm can compete effectively with larger ones.wD Retail GRAMMAR 41 Match sentences 1-8 tothe definitions of the use of will Choose the correct or more appropriate alternative. ‘or words with similar meaning in a-h. 1 A taxi to the station? Don't worry. Ill give you alift. 2 Will you help me with this sales letter, please? (Oh no! In this weather, 1 just know that the car won'tstart. PIU have finished the report by Frida If you pay for the wine, I'll leave a tip. ‘The company will be seventy next year, 1 will sack him! I don’t care what the union thinks. The company will be making a profit this time next year. 2 arequest 5 anexpression of determination € something that has already happened by a point in the future ¢ anaction that will be in progress at a point in the future © 2 simple future fact £ 2 spontaneous offer / decision made at the moment of speaking © 2 proposal with a condition hb aconfident prediction ‘Write how these full sentences would be said with contractions. 1 They will have arrived by Monday. They 2 She have arrived by Monday. I not be pleased when she hears the news. 3 Weare going to discuss the problem later. 4 Hewill have been working here for eight years, sl have paid for the car by Christmas. 1. ‘The next train to Canterbury is leaving / leaves at 17.03. 2 What will you do / are you doing for your summer holidays? 3. Look at these reports; the market will / is going to crash, 4 Don't worry about the tickets; /11/ I'm going to phone straightaveay. 5 Pm going 10 / ll get a job with a multinational company when I graduate. 6 Lecan’t speak now; I'm leaving / I'l leave in a few minutes, 7 Inthree years’ time we will grow / will be growing plastics from specially developed plants. 8 [lllet you know on Thursdays I'l speak /T'l have spoken to everyone by then. 9 Give the letter to me; I'll see /'lbe seeing him next week 10 If he's late again this month, he'll he’s going to lose hisjob. Read these notes about telling the time. Example 9,00 (the exact hi 3,30 (half hour) half past nine or nine thirty, ‘a quarter “past nine or nine fifteen, aa5 '@ quarter “to ten or nine (five-minute periods) 9.15 (quarter hours) ‘midday, noon, or twelve hoon. ight or twelve at night. * In American English, after (past) and of (to) are common. The 24-hour clock is only used for timetables, flights, and schedules. In conversation we use a.m. for the hours up to noon and p.m. for the hours between noon and midnight. We say: h00——~—~S*SCS*C eighteen ours eighteen hundred hours, or six p.m. Bho ine oh five or rine ohSPEAKING 41 Continue the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. 4 Can I bother you for a moment? Do you mind... a 2 Do you want me to show you how to place an order on-line? Would you : 3° Doyou have the website details? Have . . 2 4 I don’t think that'll be difficult to find. “That should . 5 5 Please sit down and P'll show you what todo. Why . 6 Begin by typing in the website address. First 7 Then type in your order After . 8 Don't forget to check that the details are the same. Remember i a 9 Be careful that you've used the right password. Make . . 40 Now all you have to dois click on ‘send? Finally 2. Underline the words in these sentences that would be contracted in speech. 4. Do not forget that the meeting is at five o'clock 2. This should not take long if you have got all the details, 3 Itwill not work if you have not got a password. (Creating a vocabulary map can be a useful way of bringing together the vocabulary around a topic. Look at this word map based around the word shopping. Add as many other items as you can, inasbor: people: salle. shopping shop assistant ar.code... expressions: distribution: types of shopr out of stock, manufacturer supermarket Can help you? 10 Iypermarket howtique.PPP PPPP PUPP «xu RITING Read the letter of complaint that was sent to the general manager of Pritchard's, a large ‘bookshop in a university town. How many complaints does the customer have? 2 Write a memo to all the managers of the bookshop, insisting that they improve their level of service to the public. Make atleast five separate points.Competition VOCABULARY 41 Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. People seem to be buying our products more than ours these days, (COMPETE) Perhaps our prices just aren't enough. (COMPETE) The between the applicants caused an unpleasant atmosphere (RIVAL) 4° Not only are we in with American companies, but Asian ones too. (COMPETE) 5 ‘These two firms are for the biggest share of the home-computer market. (RIVAL) 6 Ifwe cut our costs we'll be able to improve OUF |. the marketplace. (COMPETE) Complete these sentences by choosing a b, orc 4. Af we can't turn the firm + well go out of business aaround bof cup 2 Research and development have come a clever solution a out with b down to cup with 3 Itwas only after they'd taken the company that they realized the extent of the problems. a over bup cin 4 We've entered the market too late; well never be able to catch with our competitors now. aon bout cup 5 ‘Through bad management they turned a crisis a disaster. a over binto coff 6 The have managed to stay of their competitors by always introducing new and innovative products a forward baway ahead 7 Weean'ebring un. the new model until the spring. aup bout down 8 Ifwecut our entertainment budget to a reasonable level, we should be able to save a lot of money. aoff bout backCompetition 37 READING 41 Read about how these three businesswomen became millionaires and find words and expressions in the texts which are similar in meaning to: Text A 1 poor. 2 quit stopped doing 3 possibility of something being successful / developed 4 selling your services to several employers Text B 5 reaching certain stage 6 someone you work with 7 brought in money by doing business Text C 8 something which is typical of a spesific cultural group 9 established 410 the desire / wish to do something ___38 2. Answer the questions. Write EM, PB, o PW. 1 Which woman .. 4 appears to be from the poorest background? b_ had parents who were in business themselves? € hada parent with a profession? 2 Whose business involves . a making food? selling an invention? € inventing a service? 3° Which woman is 2 now running a charity? b advising businesspeople? € still developing her business? 4 Whose big idea. a was the result of a sick pet? b came after having a family? ¢ involved a cosmetic treatment? 5 Whose success... a came quickly? depends on big contracts? ¢ was slow but steady? 6 Which woman .. a had a family which always thought she'd be successful? bb thinks that determination isthe key to success? € believes that the social class you come from isn't important? Toul & > Keeping a record of phrasal verbs You can record phrasal verb in diferent ways. Write a definition: turn down = refuse / reject 1H Show it in an example sentence which illustrates its grammar: ‘She dln take the job. She tured it / the job down because she didnt want to work shifts (Ths shows that we can separate the verb from its preposition.) 1 Check the grammar in a good monolingual dictionary. Inthe example, sb (somebody) and sth (something) show that the parts ofthe phrasal verb can be separated. Write full record for three of the phrasal verbs from exercise 2 on page 36.GRAMMAR Rieger Ball and Angie Cox from the marketing department of Eley Scooters are reading a magazine article comparing its Eeulon scooter with two ofits close competitors, the Buzz send the Hummer. Study the information and complete their Fretion z Huwner g20d-ooking ts o ” ee weed /reliable = z Seytoride ae - waive for money ™* eves es Competition 9 ‘nocet: Well, what do you think of this research, Angie? Nie: Mm, it’s interesting. think we do quite well, don't you? cen: Yes it says the Frellon is "the hest (good) value for money of the three and that the Buzz is 7. (goed) value than the Hummer. ANGIE: Yes, did you notice that they say Hummer is much : (expensive) than the others? oceR: Yes, they must be angry! However, it does say that the Hummer is the ¢ _ Gtylish). ‘was rather disappointed by that. AnGie: Me, too. | think our machine is much * .-(€004) looking. The thing that ‘worries me the most is that our machine is not the . anu. (€859) to ride. That will put alot of people off. ocee: Yes, the Buzz did very? ‘there, although it goes * three, - (good) (low) of the nie: That will appeal to alot of parents. The Hummer is? (ast) but that means its the __ (dangerous) too. It does extremely. __ (bad) for reliability. roger: Yes, 'm glad that the reports says ours is We _ (reliable), and it’s (259) 10 ride asthe Hummer, athough, 35 we've already said, the Buzz comes out very ae (good) here. ‘anit: Yes, according to this, the Buzz is our _ (strong) rival, The Hummer can'tCompetition SPEAKING {A group of designers is discussing how they could improve the look of their toaster. Put 4a-€ in the correct order to make sentences and clauses, then use them to complete 1-5 in the conversation, a making how ~bit~ it—a—wider- about b make — don't - why ~ transparent - we ~ it © could ~ we ~ rack ~ add ~ croissants ~ for—a 4) some let’s~ making different - of look — ways ~ brainstorm option — could ~ ‘one:slice'— we — have — always NUMBER WORK 1 Dimensions ae described in the folowing order: length, then width, then thickness, depth, oF height We write: 20.cm x 12 em x 5 em but we say It twenty by ewehe by five (ifthe units of measurement are known), It twenty centimetres long by twelve wide / across by five deep. It twenty centimetres in length by twelve in width and five in depth, MWe can say the box is twenty centimetres fong / wide / deep or it's a twenty-centimetre lang / wide / deep box. (Note: centimetre here is singular) For ound or square items we say It's 60 centimetres round and its 10 metres square.Competition “1 RITING “Sess Body Shapers has received a serious complaint from a customer, Sentences a-¢ are ‘Seem the customer's letter of complaint (Letter 1), and h-n from Acme Body Shapers’ reply 2). Put the sentences of the two letters in the correct order. Lewer 1 Letter 2 Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Ms Young a i a 7 wleemesey efi Aion pene "Yours faithfully Yours sincerely Ms Jacquie Young Amanda Norris Vou nuneInnovation VOCABULARY 1. All of the words have a p somewhere in them. Use the clues to complete the puzzle. A businessperson who is prepared to take risks and invest in new businesses ‘An individual part of something which is made, for example, in a factory. {An early version of an invention from which later models are developed. Get an idea (phrasal verb — three words). Establish / found. (two words) ‘This protects authors from having their work copied or produced without permission. 2 Choose the correct alternative. 4. They came across / found out the new glue completely by accident. ‘The company was found / founded in Munich at the beginning of the century. George Eastman was an early explorer / pioneer of colour photography. She came across / found out the professor's notebook as she was reorganizing the laboratory. 5 Think of the publishers patent / copyright the next time you photocopy from a book. 6 Scientists are expecting to make an important breakthrough / breakdown in the next few months. 7 Weneed to bring out / come up with some ideas for a new product fas. 8 She gave them a patent / licence so they could produce her invention. 9m not sure if this new design will catch on / eatch ups it’s far too modern. 10. She had to keep her invention / innovation a secret until she got the patent for it.B wD Innovation 2 | READING 4 Complete the article about marketing an invention by matching questions 1-5 to replies AE 1 What does getting a patent cost and how long does it take? 2 How dol market i? 3 How can I protect my iiventon and tur it into money? 4% Kepuses those tests What next? $ Tye checked and itis but how ci be sure that people will want itt ‘Keep your idea secret until a patent application has been filed. Before you start, ‘check that your idea is really new, otherwise it won't be granted a patent. ‘Check there really is a market for it: who wants it? Where are they? Will it solve ‘an existing problem better than anything else which is currently available? Look ‘at which companies and products are your potential rivals and what market share ‘they have; can your invention compete with what they have at a competitive ‘Write down clearly what your invention is, how it works, how it could be made ‘in large numbers and at what cost, and what its advantages are, including a simple drawing if it is mechanical or electrical. ‘Then take out a patent either ‘yourself (very difficult) or via a patent agent. 1 you do it yourself, patent office fees cost £200 and it takes about thirty-three ‘months. A patent agent will prepare the documents and charge £600 to £1,000 ‘for an application. ‘Once your product or idea has been patented, you can set up your own firm t0 ‘make and market it, approach other firms to sell it, or license it to them. But don't talk to them unless they sign a confidentiality agreement so they don’t steal ‘your idea or make it public, For the best chance of success make a prototype and. ‘stage a smart demonstration. 2 Find words and expressions in the text which have a similar me to the following: applied for / submitted . sgiven what was officially requested at the moment __. that could in the future develop into something proportion of the potential buyers the money for a professional advice service someone who acts for or manages the affairs of other people the official paperwork 2 promise to keep something secret 3 Complete these sentences using the information in the text. ‘Your invention will only be granted a patent if You need to decide if your invention can compete Ws cheaper to You should make sure that companies sign a confidentiality agreement beforeInnovation GRAMMAR 41 Match the description of the uses of the passive in 1-3, with examples of their use ac below. We use the passive: 1. when the agent (ie. the person performing the action) is unknown. ‘when the agent is assured or unimportant. 3. to draw attention to what happens / is done to someone or something. a Dyson was given the recognition he deserved. b_ My briefcase has been stolen from my car ¢ These engines are made in the Valencia factory. Note: Remember that we use by + agent, for example: The window had been broken by a chil 2. Make these active sentences passive, and passive sentences active. Begin with the words in italics. 1 Mime Tanneur opened the third Young Inventors Fair in Tours today. The. third Young Inventors Fair was opened in Tours. snday (by Mme Tanner) 2 The competition has generated a lot of interest. 3. The first prize was won by Mathilde Lenoir for her revolutionary oyster knife. 4 Alocal TV film crew filmed the award ceremony. 5 You can see the exhibition until 15 June at the Parc Expositions. 6 The most interesting inventions were described in the newspapers. 7 AILEU member countries are sending exhibits and young inventors to the competition final in Brussels. 8 An international panel of inventors will choose the best invention. ‘The instrument in the photograph is a didgeridoo. Aboriginal Australians have been playing them for thousands of years. Read about how they are made and. put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. A didgeridoo. ‘bamboo, wood, or even plastic. The didgeridoo 2____.. (traditionally produce) from a single Piece of wood, usually the trunk of a small eucalyptus ‘tree, Artists go into the outback to look for tree trunks whose centres? (eat) by termites (a kind of large insect). The carefully-sclected, empty- sounding trees (cut down) and ie (carry back) to the village. Hot coals and fire-sticks ©... (use) to finish off hollowing out the trunks. Nowadays, this yest ‘often do) with modern tools or drills. ‘The didgeridoo"... (decorate) with traditional symbols. It? (play) by blowing into the narrow end of the instrument. They Me (Play) at corroborvees - aboriginal satherings and sacred ceremonies. Nowadays, it 1 (become) a useful source of income >r native Australians. The instruments = ($e) to tourists and they a, (cven be adopted) by modem ‘musicians and used in rock bands.Innovation o SPEAKING A supermarket manager is explaining a new service to some employees. Shoppers use a Sand-held scanner to scan the bar codes of the items they wish to purchase so that they den'thave to wait atthe checkout. Continue this presentation about how the new system wecks by completing sentences 1=12 with their endings at belo. everyone here? Good, sole’ make stat tl ‘ Before the coffee break we discussed 3 Howover, the biggest problem we face with this method .._ af Does anyone have any ideas how we can prevent this? Thats ight by 1 3 4 _Let’s begin by having a look at thi 5 Right, so first ofall, the customer © Does anyone know what they have to do before they can scan the first item? 7 Right, so now they choose the items they want 8 As you can see, the scanner displays 9 Then, they can put the products straight 10 Afier the c 1 Finally, the customer pays the amount 42. Don’t forget to remind customers to tomer has everything, he / she can press the ‘total’ button the benefits of self-scan shopping for both our customers and ourselves, and carefully scan the bar codes. return the hand-held scanners to the payment counter before they leave. b 4 whole procedure © which is displayed on the scanner at a special counter for payment only. f the name, price, and quantity of each product. gis the possibility of some customers being dishonest and ‘forgetting’ to scan items. his given a hand-held scanner. Correct. They have to punch in their PIN, or personal identification number. to see how much they have to pay. k into their shopping bags. doing spot checks on customers when they pay.6 Innovation WRITING The supermarket wants you to write a promotional leaflet to tell customers about the self- scan shopping service described in the presentation opposite, which makes a trip to the supermarket quick and easy. Tey to promote the servic. Describe the procedure to make it sound simple and appealing, using the passive voice where appropriate and sequencers like first of all, hen, aftr, afterwards, after that, and finally Add some customer testimonials from these two people who say how good this J. Male: a busy business person ~ no time to wait at the checkout. Lisa Corr: a mother of two young children — can involve children more in shopping, no need to wait at checkout with impatient childs NTNU

Verb families ‘A good way of recording the past forms of many regular verbs isto group them. Ineinitive PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE No change cost cost ought /-ought brought brought taught taught d/4t paid paid sent sent Past simple / past won won participle the same taken drunk em, -own flew flown ‘er, “ore, -orn tear tore torn Unfortunately, some ofthe most common irregular verbs have no obvious group. For example: he / was / been; do / did / done, Write down the past simple and the past participles ofthe verbs inthe box below, then decide which verb group you would put each one into. When you have time, make a lst of irregular verbs and put them into groups.¥ Dp © - Money / Negotiation WOCABULARY Use the clues to complete the puzzle. Find the mystery word which means to get a seduction in the price, usually a percentage. + He came away from the negotiation feeling he had got a good 2 Good value at a great price 3 Canl this pack for a bigger one? 4 Hemadea by agreeing to include one free night’s accommodation. 5 _Todiscuss the price of something ~ the buyer tries to pay less than the seller wants. © Togive someone their money back. If you are injured or are inconvenienced and it is not your fault, you can ask for © To exchange goods or property without using money. ‘Rearrange the letters in brackets to complete the sentences. 1 Never make a without getting something in return, NCIEOCSNSO) 2 My prices are not s you won't find a better deal elsewhere, EOTIBGNLAE) 3 Iwant my money back and substantial for the inconvenience I have suffered. (MOPNACENTSIO) 4 Itsan interesting Till have to think about it. (RPLSOPOA) S Tam making an official about your salesman’s behaviour, NCPTLAOMI) © The started with an argument about the shape of the table, ETNOIGTSIOAN)«8 Money / Negotiation 3. Match the beginnings of sentences 1-7 to endings a-g. ‘We supplied such a ‘Most of our income is generated by products . ‘According to this cash flow forecast... 1 pressive business plan . 2 3 4 She had already gone bankrupt twice 5 6 7 ‘We have gone over the budget for this project. (Our biggest items of expenditure ‘We need to sel ten thousand units before she made her fortune. bare raw materials and labour. which are over five years ol. 6 inorder to break even. that they gave us the loan, £ weneed to reduce our costs we should be in profit by June. READING 11 Read the text and decide which of these titles best describes it.2 Find words in the text which mean the following: Introduction 4 cope with your finances Paragraph 1 money that a person owes to another person or company . 2 3 accumulate an amount charged on money that is borrowed 5 appliances and machines to help around the house © one's financial resources Paragraph 2 7 something that’s never been used before & a regular sum paid for money borrowed the value objects lose as a result of becoming older Paragraph 3 10 advice 3 when something is fresh and exciting, and in demand 42 amounts - £3 official status of having no money to repay debts Decide whether these statements are true (7) oF false (F) according to the text. The article is aimed at middle-aged people. Stores usually offer competitive interest rates. Shopping can make you feel good. Its important to pay what you owe on store cards promptly. Setting up a comfortable first home can easily be a financial mistake. ‘There are three main ways of losing money on a new car. People should be clear about their financial resources. People who buy new cars are foolish, Advice about exciting new investment opportunities is always worth wor aneune listening to. 99 Get-rich-quick schemes can be very risky. Money / Negotiation 9Money / Negotiation GRAMMAR ‘Change the verbs in brackets to make first or second conditional sentences. 1 What (you say) if1 offer) you £90 for the dress? 2 Hold on! If you (not negotiate) the (pay) too much. (can) see into the future, I asking price, you 3 If (be) a very rich man. 4 Supposing we (double) our offer; how (she react)? 5 Ifl (be) you, I twice before buying that car. (think) 6 You (trust) her more if you (know) her better 7 OKI (let) you use my car provided you (drive) very carefully. 8 Just imagine what we (can do) if we (start) our own website (ask) for a discount you (not get) one. 9 Unless you 10. Tknow you don't want to, but if you (put) the picture in an auction, you (get) a much better price for it. SPEAKING ‘Mary Jones, who owns an antique shop, is talking to Tony Grey. Tony's boss has a new office and has asked Tony to buy a handsome antique desk for him. Complete the conversation using the words and expressions from the box. mary: Well, the price on this one is £2,500, but for trade {can sell it for £2,000. Tow: My boss's not * 3 to pay £2,000. 2B eens + Mary, | don't think i's worth it any: But just look at this? att really is exceptional rowr: Mm, 4 Mary, butif Hooked around >... Just as nie. uazy: Yes, but think ofall the time you would waste. owt: Tat’ true. OK, __. £1,500, would you take it? vane: £1,500 ve already had a much better offer than that towe7 how about £1,600? ‘many: That's stl too low. Look; I can let you have it for 1,8008 you organize delivery. ‘oN: I this really your best price? You senenee than that! aay: Well, {include ths lovely desk lamp, how * E 2 ‘ony: Mm. I'm not sure; it goes well with the desk but its stil rather expensive. ‘many: Well, that's _ +m afraid. ‘Tony: So, £1,800 with the lamp, | organize delivery. OK, ‘many: And you've got a better pay me before 1" YoudPl) PW POPP W WH We OY sorernersiatn 5 WRITING 11 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the letter. Where necessary, use a dictionary to help you. 2. Find words in the letter which mean the same as the following: 1 poy .. 2 payment _ 3 date 4 have still not nen UNS Lis . & > Useful expressions for letter writing 1m Keep a lst of expressions which you can adapt for use in particular types of letters. For example, we can start a letter of complaint by saying: ‘Lam writing to you to complain about... ‘Lam writing to you to say how disappointed Lam / was... A .uselul expression for finishing a letter is: look forward: ‘ook forward to seeing you. ‘Heck forward to receving your reply