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EQ-5D-5L UserGuide 2015
EQ-5D-5L UserGuide 2015
Version 2.1
April 2015
Prepared by
Mandy van Reenen / Bas Janssen
Table of contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. THE EUROQOL GROUP.................................................................................................... 4
1.2. EQ-5D........................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1. EQ-5D-3L ................................................................................................................. 4
1.2.2. EQ-5D-5L ................................................................................................................. 5
1.3. WHAT IS A HEALTH STATE? .............................................................................................. 9
8. FAQS .................................................................................................................................. 21
8.1. GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 21
8.2. REGISTRATION ............................................................................................................. 23
8.3. COPYRIGHT .................................................................................................................. 23
1.2. EQ-5D
EQ-5D is a standardised measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to
provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal1.
Applicable to a wide range of health conditions and treatments, it provides a simple descriptive profile and a
single index value for health status that can be used in the clinical and economic evaluation of health care as
well as in population health surveys. EQ-5D is designed for self-completion by respondents and is ideally
suited for use in postal surveys, in clinics, and in face-to-face interviews. It is cognitively undemanding,
taking only a few minutes to complete. Instructions to respondents are included in the questionnaire.
1.2.1. EQ-5D-3L
The EQ-5D 3 level version (EQ-5D-3L) was introduced in 1990. The EQ-5D-3L essentially consists of 2
pages - the EQ-5D descriptive system (page 2) and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) (page 3). The
EQ-5D-3L descriptive system comprises the following 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities,
1
EuroQol Group. EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 1990;16:199-208
Page | 4
pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 3 levels: no problems, some problems, extreme
problems. The respondent is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking (or placing a cross) in the box
against the most appropriate statement in each of the 5 dimensions. The EQ VAS records the respondents
self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled Best imaginable
health state and Worst imaginable health state. This information can be used as a quantitative measure of
health outcome as judged by the individual respondents.
The EQ-5D-3L has now been translated into more than 170 languages and is used worldwide. However
ceiling effects have been reported, particularly when used in general population surveys but also in some
patient population settings. In order to address these criticisms, and encouraged by demand from clinicians
and other users, the EuroQol Group decided to explore ways of improving the EQ-5Ds measurement
properties.
1.2.2. EQ-5D-5L
In 2005, a Task Force was established within the EuroQol Group to investigate methods to improve the
instruments sensitivity and to reduce ceiling effects. After much discussion, the Task Force decided that
there should be no change in the number of dimensions for a new version of EQ-5D. However, previously
published studies by EuroQol Group members showed that experimental 5-level versions of EQ-5D could
significantly increase reliability and sensitivity (discriminatory power) while maintaining feasibility and
potentially reducing ceiling effects. The Group therefore decided that the new version of the EQ-5D should
include five levels of severity in each of the existing five EQ-5D dimensions and that it would be called the
EQ-5D-5L (Figure 1)2. The existing EQ-5D was renamed the EQ-5D-3L.
The EQ-5D-5L still consists of 2 pages the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system (page 2) and the EQ Visual
Analogue scale (EQ VAS) (page 3). The descriptive system comprises the same 5 dimensions as the EQ-
5D-3L (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression). However, each dimension
now has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and extreme
problems. The respondent is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking (or placing a cross) in the box
against the most appropriate statement in each of the 5 dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number
expressing the level selected for that dimension. The digits for 5 dimensions can be combined in a 5-digit
number describing the respondents health state. It should be noted that the numerals 1-5 have no
arithmetic properties and should not be used as a cardinal score. During the development of the EQ-
5D-5L, the opportunity was also taken to improve some of the wording in the dimensions to enhance
consistency and facilitate understanding. For example, the old wording of confined to bed to indicate the
upper extreme in the EQ-5D-3L has been replaced with I am unable to walk about which is more consistent
with the wording within the Mobility dimension and with the extreme levels on other dimensions.
The EQ VAS records the respondents self-rated health on a 20 cm vertical, visual analogue scale with
endpoints labelled the best health you can imagine and the worst health you can imagine. This information
can be used as a quantitative measure of health as judged by the individual respondents. The instructions
2
Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen MF, Kind P, Parkin D, Bonsel G, Badia X. Development and preliminary testing of the new
five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research.
Page | 5
for the EQ VAS task have been changed and simplified in the EQ-5D-5L. The EuroQol Group had received
feedback over the years that respondents sometimes found it difficult to draw a line from the box to the scale.
It was also cumbersome for administrators to record their scores. The EQ-5D-5L now asks respondents to
simply mark an X on the scale to indicate how your health is TODAY and then to write the number you
marked on the scale in the box below. This should make the task easier for both respondents and users.
Page | 6
Figure 1: EQ-5D-5L (UK English sample version)
Under each heading, please tick the ONE box that best describes your health TODAY
MOBILITY
I have no problems in walking about
I have slight problems in walking about
I have moderate problems in walking about
I have severe problems in walking about
I am unable to walk about
SELF-CARE
I have no problems washing or dressing myself
I have slight problems washing or dressing myself
I have moderate problems washing or dressing myself
I have severe problems washing or dressing myself
I am unable to wash or dress myself
PAIN / DISCOMFORT
I have no pain or discomfort
I have slight pain or discomfort
I have moderate pain or discomfort
I have severe pain or discomfort
I have extreme pain or discomfort
ANXIETY / DEPRESSION
I am not anxious or depressed
I am slightly anxious or depressed
I am moderately anxious or depressed
I am severely anxious or depressed
I am extremely anxious or depressed
Page | 7
We would like to know how good or bad your health is TODAY.
We would like to know how good or bad your health is TODAY.
This scale is numbered from 0 to 100.
This scale is numbered from 0 to 100.
100 means the best health you can imagine.
100 means the best health you can imagine.
0 means the worst health you can imagine.
0 means the worst health you can imagine.
Mark an X on the scale to indicate how your health is TODAY.
Mark an X on the scale to indicate how your health is TODAY.
Now, please write the number you marked on the scale in the box below.
Now, please write the number you marked on the scale in the box below.
Page | 8
Page | 8
1.3. What is a health state?
Each of the 5 dimensions comprising the EQ-5D descriptive system is divided into 5 levels of perceived
problems:
A unique health state is defined by combining 1 level from each of the 5 dimensions.
A total of 3125 possible health states is defined in this way. Each state is referred to in terms of a 5 digit
code. For example, state 11111 indicates no problems on any of the 5 dimensions, while state 12345
indicates no problems with mobility, slight problems with washing or dressing, moderate problems with doing
usual activities, severe pain or discomfort and extreme anxiety or depression.
Page | 9
2. Scoring the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system
Levels of perceived
problems are coded as
Under
By each heading,
placing a tick please
in one tick
box the ONEgroup,
in each box that bestindicate
please describes your h
whic
statements
health TODAYbest describe your health today. follows:
Mobility
MOBILITY
I have no problems in walking about
I have slight problems in walking about
Self-
I have moderate problems in walking about
- about
I have severe problems in walking Level 1 is
I am unable to walk about coded as
a 1
SELF-CARE
Usual Activities
I have no problems
I have washing
some problems or performing
with dressing myself
my usual activities
I have slight problems washing or dressing myself Level 2 is
(e.g.moderate
I have work, study, housework,
problems washingfamily or leisure
or dressing activities)
myself
coded as
I have severe problems washing or dressing myself
a 2
I amPain/Discomfort
unable to wash or dress myself
USUAL ACTIVITIES (e.g. work, study, housework,
family or leisure activities)
I have no problems doing my usual activities Level 3 is
I have slight problems doing my usual activities
coded as
I have moderate problems doing my usual activities a 3
I have severe problems doing my usual activities
I am unable to do my usual activities
PAIN / DISCOMFORT
I have no pain or discomfort
I have slight pain or discomfort Level 4 is
I have moderate pain or discomfort coded as
I have severe pain or discomfort a 4
I have extreme pain or discomfort
ANXIETY / DEPRESSION
I am not anxious or depressed
I am slightly anxious or depressed
I am moderately anxious or depressed
I am severely anxious or depressed Level 5 is
I am extremely anxious or depressed coded as
a 5
.
Page | 10
3. Scoring the EQ VAS
The EQ VAS should be scored, for example, as follows:
Page | 11
4. Converting EQ-5D-5L states to an index value
EQ-5D-5L health states, defined by the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system, may be converted into a
single index value3. The index values, presented in country specific value sets, are a major
feature of the EQ-5D instrument, facilitating the calculation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)
that are used to inform economic evaluations of health care interventions. Studies that directly
elicit preferences from general population samples to derive value sets for the EQ-5D-5L are
under development in a number of countries; however, these studies will take time to complete
and for results to be disseminated.
Several methods were consequently tested to optimize the link function between the two
descriptive systems. The crosswalk link function resulting from this exercise can be used to
calculate index values for EQ-5D-5L, based on the existing value sets for the EQ-5D-3L. Value
sets have been derived for EQ-5D-3L in several countries using visual analogue scale (VAS)
technique or time trade-off (TTO) valuation techniques. The list of currently available value sets
with the number of respondents and valuation technique applied is presented in table 1. Most of
the EQ-5D-3L value sets have been obtained using a representative sample of the general
population, thereby ensuring that they represent the societal perspective. For anyone working
with EQ-5D-3L data, an essential guide to the Groups available value sets can be found in:
EuroQol Group Monograph series: Volume 2: EQ-5D value sets: inventory, comparative review
and user guide, published by Springer (see section 9.3 for more information).
3
Many different terms are in use for these index values, such as preference weights, preference-based values, utilities,
QALY weights, etc. Here, we use the term 'index value'.
4
Van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YS, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D, Lloyd A, Scalone L, Kind P, Pickard AS.
Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value in Health.
Page | 12
Table 1: List of available value sets for the EQ-5D-3L (references available on the website)
Page | 13
5. Organising EQ-5D-5L data
Data collected using EQ-5D-5L can be entered in a database according to the following schema:
Variable
name ID SEX AGE EDU COUNTRY YEAR MOBILITY
Variable patient 1=Male 999=Missing 1=Low Country Year in 1=No problems,
description ID 2=Female value 2=Medium where data which data 2=Slight problems
number 9=Missing 3=High was was 3=Moderate
value 9=Missing collected collected problems
value 4=Severe problems
5=Unable to
9=Missing value
Variable
name SELFCARE ACTIVITY PAIN ANXIETY STATE EQ_VAS
Variable 1=No problems 1=No problems 1=No pain 1=Not anxious 5 digit code 999=Missing
description 2=Slight 2=Slight 2=Slight pain 2=Slightly anxious for EQ-5D-5L value
problems problems 3=Moderate 3=Moderately
3=Moderate 3=Moderate pain anxious
problems problems 4=Severe pain 4=Severely
4=Severe 4=Severe 5=Extreme pain anxious
problems problems 9=Missing 5=Extremely
5=Unable to 5=Unable to value anxious 9=Missing
9=Missing value 9=Missing value value
Data row 1 1 3 2 5 41325 60
Data row 2 1 1 1 1 21111 90
Page | 14
6. Presenting EQ-5D-5L results
Data collected using EQ-5D-5L can be presented in various ways. A basic subdivision can be
made according to the structure of the EQ-5D-5L:
The way results can be presented is determined both by the data and by what message you, as a
researcher, wish to convey to your audience.
Sometimes it is more convenient to dichotomise the EQ-5D-5L levels into 'no problems' (i.e. level
1) and 'problems' (i.e. levels 2 to 5), therefore changing the profile into frequencies of reported
problems. This can be the case, for example, in a general population survey where the numbers
of reported problems are low. Tables 2 and 3 are examples of how to present EQ-5D-5L data in
tabulated form.
Table 2: Percentage of a general population sample reporting levels 1 to 5 by dimension and by age group
AGE GROUPS
Page | 15
AGE GROUPS
Table 3: Frequency of reported problems for a general population sample by dimension and age group
AGE GROUPS
EQ-5D DIMENSION 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 TOTAL
In addition to presenting the results in tabulated form, you can also use graphical presentations.
Two (or three) dimensional bar charts can be used to summarise the results in a single graph
(see Figure 2). Figure 2 shows the sum of the proportion of reported levels 2 to 5 for each of the 5
EQ-5D-5L dimensions for 3 different age groups. Older people reported more problems on all
dimensions but the effect of age was strongest for mobility and weakest for anxiety/depression.
Page | 16
6.2. EQ VAS
In order to present all aspects of the EQ VAS data, you should present both a measure of the
central tendency and a measure of dispersion. This could be the mean values and the standard
deviations or, if the data are skewed, the median values and the 25th and 75th percentiles. An
example is presented in table 4.
Table 4: EQ VAS values by age mean + standard deviation and median + percentiles
AGE GROUPS
EQ VAS 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70+ TOTAL
Mean 85,7 84,3 83,7 79,7 86,1 79,0 84,0
- Std Dev 10,1 12,6 13,3 14,0 11,1 22,6 12,6
Median 88,0 89,0 88,0 80,5 90,0 80,0 86,0
- 25th 80,0 80,0 75,0 73,3 79,0 73,5 80,0
- 75th 93,0 91,0 93,8 90,0 95,0 92,0 92,0
You can present a graphical representation of the data by using bar charts, line charts, or both
(see figure 3). Figure 3 shows the mean EQ VAS scores reported by men, women and both for 7
different age groups. Mean EQ VAS scores are seen to decrease with increasing age. Also, men
in all age groups reported higher EQ VAS scores than women.
Page | 17
Table 5: EQ-5D-5L index values before and after treatment
N 120 110
Table 6: EQ-5D-5L index values for the total patient population and the 3 subgroups
Figure 4: EQ-5D-5L index values before and after treatment: mean values and 95% confidence intervals
Figure 5: Mean EQ-5D-5L index values and 95% confidence intervals for the total patient population and 3
subgroups.
Page | 18
7. EQ-5D Products
7.1. EQ-5D-5L Translations and other formats
The EQ-5D-5L self-complete paper version is currently available in more
than 120 different language versions. Likewise, although the EQ-5D-5L was
primarily designed as a pen-and-paper, self-complete instrument, it is now
available in alternative formats and modes of administration, and in multiple
translations:
PDA Telephone
Tablet
If you want to know whether an EQ-5D-5L version exists for your country, please
consult the EuroQol website.
IVR Telephone
PDA Web
If you want to know whether an EQ-5D-3L language version exists for your
country, please consult the EuroQol website.
Proxy paper
Page | 19
7.3. Translation process
All translation/adaptations of the EQ-5D-5L are produced using a standardized translation
protocol that conforms to internationally recognized guidelines. These guidelines aim to ensure
equivalence to the English source version and involve a forward/backward translation process
and cognitive debriefing. Only the EuroQol Office can give permission for a translation to be
performed and translations can only be stamped as official if they are performed in cooperation
with EuroQol reviewers.
Page | 20
8. FAQs
preceding days or weeks, although EQ-5D-3L
8.1. General has been tested in recall mode. An early
decision taken by the EuroQol Group
Is the EQ-5D-5L instrument validated?
determined that health status measurement
The EQ-5D-5L has been validated in a diverse
ought to apply to the respondents immediate
patient population in 6 countries, including 8
situation - hence the focus on your health
patient groups with chronic conditions
today.
(cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease,
depression, diabetes, liver disease,
Can I use only the EQ-5D-5L descriptive
personality disorders, arthritis, stroke) and a
system or only the EQ VAS?
student cohort. Redistribution of responses
We cannot advise this. EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part
from the EQ-5D-3L to EQ-5D-5L was
instrument so if you only use one part you
validated for all dimensions and all levels. The
cannot claim to have used EQ-5D-5L in your
measurement properties of EQ-5D-5L were
publications.
superior to the EQ-5D-3L in terms of
feasibility, ceiling effects, discriminatory power
How long should the EQ VAS be?
and convergent validity. Reliability and
Officially, for paper versions, the EQ VAS
responsiveness remain to be assessed for the
scale should be 20 cm. All methodological and
EQ-5D-5L.
developmental work has been carried out
using this length. To ensure that you print the
Can the EQ-5D-5L now be used instead of
correct length, make sure your paper size is
the EQ-5D-3L?
set at A4 and the box in your printing
Yes, the EQ-5D-5L can be used instead of the
instructions labelled scale to paper size is set
EQ-5D-3L but please bear in mind that
at no scaling.
currently there are no value sets available that
are directly elicited from representative
Can I publish our study using EQ-5D?
general population samples.
Yes, you are free to publish your results. If you
are reproducing the EQ-5D-5L, we request
For the purpose of comparing EQ-5D results
that you use the sample version of EQ-5D-5L.
with previous research based on the EQ-5D-
Also, please include the copyright statement
3L, or when used in longitudinal research
stated in the footer of the specific EQ-5D-5L
based on the EQ-5D-3L, it is advised to use
language version.
the EQ-5D-3L, or both the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-
5D-5L
What is the difference between the EQ-5D-
5L descriptive system, the EQ VAS and the
For what period of time does EQ-5D-5L
EQ-5D index values?
record health status?
The descriptive system can be represented as
Self-reported health status captured by EQ-
a health state, e.g. health state 21143
5D-5L relates to the respondents situation at
represents a patient who indicates slight
the time of completion. No attempt is made to
problems on the mobility dimension, no
summarise recalled health status over the
Page | 21
problems on the self-care and usual activities General population value sets vs. patient
dimensions, severe pain or discomfort, and population value sets
moderate problems on the anxiety/depression If you want to undertake a utility analysis you
dimension. These health states can be will need to use a value set. Generally
converted to a single index value using the speaking, utility analysis requires a general
crosswalk link function based on the existing population-based value set (as opposed to a
value sets for the EQ-5D-3L described in patient-based set). The rationale behind this is
Section 4 above. These EQ-5D-3L value sets that the values should reflect the preferences
are based on VAS or TTO valuation of local taxpayers and potential receivers of
techniques, and reflect the opinion of the healthcare. Additionally, patients tend to rate
general population. The EQ VAS self-rating their health states higher than the general
records the respondents own assessment of population because of coping or other factors,
their health status and are therefore not and may therefore underestimate their need
representative of the general population. for healthcare. EQ-5D-5L value sets are
Since, the EQ VAS scores are anchored on therefore based on general population values.
100 = the best health you can imagine and 0 =
the worst health you can imagine these scores Multinational clinical trials
are not suitable for QALY calculations, Information relating to EQ-5D-5L health states
whereas the value sets are anchored on gathered in the context of multinational trials
11111 = 1 and dead = 0 and can therefore be may be converted into a single index value
used in QALY calculations. using the crosswalk link function based on the
available EQ-5D-3L value sets as described in
What is the difference between the VAS Section 4 above. There are different options
and TTO techniques? available to do this using appropriate value
The difference between the TTO- and VAS- sets-however the choice depends on the
based value sets is that the techniques used context in which the information will be used
to elicit the values on which the models are by researchers or decision makers. In cases
based differ. In the TTO task, respondents are where data from an international trial are to be
asked to imagine that they will live in a certain used to inform decision makers in a specific
health state (e.g. 33333) for 10 years and country, it seems reasonable to expect
have to specify the amount of time they would decision makers to be interested primarily in
be willing to give up to live in full health value sets that reflect the values for health
instead (i.e. 11111). For example, someone states in that country. So for example, if
might find 8 years in 11111 equivalent to 10 applications for reimbursement of a drug are
years in 33333. The VAS technique on the rolled out from country to country, country-
other hand, asks people to indicate where, on specific value sets should be applied and
a vertical thermometer-like scale ranging from reported in each pharmaco-economic report.
best imaginable health to worst imaginable This is no different from the requirement to
health, they think a health state should be use country specific costs. In the absence of a
positioned. country-specific value set, the researcher
should select another set of values for a
population that most closely approximates that
Page | 22
country. Sometimes however, information amend, convert, translate, publish or make
about index values ('utilities') is required to available in whatever way (digital, hard-copy
inform researchers or decision makers in an etc.) the EQ-5D-5L and related proprietary
international context. In these instances, one materials. The EuroQol Research Foundation
value set applied over all health states data is stresses that any and all copyrights in the EQ-
probably more appropriate. The decision 5D, its (digital) representations, and its
about which value set to use will also depend translations exclusively vest in the EuroQol
on whether the relevant decision making body Research Foundation. EQ-5D is a trade
in each country specifies any requirements or mark of the EuroQol Research Foundation.
preferences in regard to the methodology
used in different contexts (e.g. TTO, standard
gamble (SG), VAS or discrete choice
modelling (DCM)). These guidelines are the
topic of an on-going, international debate but
the EuroQol website is planning to provide a
summary of health care decision-making
bodies internationally together with their stated
requirements regarding the valuation of health
states. Detailed information on valuation
protocols together with guidelines on which
value set to use and tables of all available
value sets has been published by Springer in:
EuroQol Group Monograph series: Volume 2:
EQ-5D value sets: inventory, comparative
review and user guide (see section 9.3 for
more information).
8.2. Registration
8.3. Copyright
Page | 23
9. References and Publications
2. Brooks R (1996). EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy 37(1):53-72.
3. Dolan P (1997). Modeling valuations for EuroQol health states. Med Care 35(11):1095-108.
4. Roset M, Badia X, Mayo NE (1999). Sample size calculations in studies using the EuroQol
5D. Qual Life Res 8(6):539-49.
5. Greiner W, Weijnen T, Nieuwenhuizen M, et al. (2003). A single European currency for EQ-
5D health states. Results from a six country study. Eur J Health Econ; 4(3):222-231.
6. Shaw JW, Johnson JA, Coons SJ (2005). US valuation of the EQ-5D health states:
development and testing of the D1 valuation model. Med Care; 43(3): 203-220.
9. The development of new research methods for the valuation of EQ-5D-5L. European Journal
of Health Economics. Volume 14, Issue 1 Supplement, July 2013.
1. The EuroQol Group (1990). EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement of health-related
quality of life. Health Policy 16(3):199-208.
2. Brooks R (1996). EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy 37(1):53-72.
If you used the crosswalk value sets for the EQ-5D-5L in your study you can also include a reference
to the publication regarding that crosswalk value set. The appropriate reference is:
1. van,Hout B., Janssen,M.F., Feng,Y.S., Kohlmann,T., Busschbach,J., Golicki,D., Lloyd,A.,
Scalone,L., Kind,P., Pickard,A.S. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to
EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value in Health. 2012 Jul-Aug;15(5):708-15
Page | 24
9.3. EQ-5D Books
9.3. EQ-5D Books
Self-Reported Population Health: An International Perspective based on EQ-
5D. Eds. Szende A,Population
Self-Reported Janssen MF, Cabases
Health: J. Springer, 2014.
An International Perspective based on EQ-
This book captures up-to-date and expanded information of EQ-5D self-reported
5D. Eds. Szende A, Janssen MF, Cabases J. Springer, 2014.
health and
This index
book values.up-to-date
captures EQ-5D population norms information
and expanded and cross-country analyses
of EQ-5D are
self-reported
provided from
health andrepresentative
index values. national surveys ofnorms
EQ-5D population 20 countries and additional
and cross-country regional
analyses are
surveys. The book can be obtained from Springer at www.springeronline.com and is
provided from representative national surveys of 20 countries and additional regional
also surveys.
availableThe
as open-access
book can be book.
obtained from Springer at www.springeronline.com and is
also available as open-access book.
The EuroQol Group after 25 years, Brooks R. Springer, 2013.
This The
bookEuroQol
describes the history
Group of the
after 25 institutional
years, Brooks and administrative
R. Springer, 2013.framework
within which the EuroQol Group operated. It also presents how the EQ-5D's
This book describes the history of the institutional and administrative framework
descriptive system
within which was
the determined,
EuroQol Group how translation
operated. It alsoand language
presents howissues were
the EQ-5D's
handled, and how
descriptive valuations
system were provided.
was determined, howThe book and
translation ande-book can be
language obtained
issues were
fromhandled,
Springerand
at www.springeronline.com.
how valuations were provided. The book and e-book can be obtained
from Springer at www.springeronline.com.
EQ-5D value sets: Inventory, comparative review and user guide. Eds. Szende
A, Oppe M, value
EQ-5D Devlinsets:
N. EuroQol Group
Inventory, Monographs
comparative Volume
review 2. Springer,
and user 2006.
guide. Eds. Szende
This A,
book provides
Oppe an essential
M, Devlin guideGroup
N. EuroQol to theMonographs
use of the EuroQol
VolumeGroups value sets
2. Springer, 2006.
for anyone working
This book with an
provides EQ-5D data guide
essential and can be obtained
to the use of thefrom Springer
EuroQol at value sets
Groups
www.springeronline.com.
for anyone working with EQ-5D data and can be obtained from Springer at
www.springeronline.com.
Page | 25
Page | 25
EuroQol Research Foundation
Marten Meesweg 107
3068 AV Rotterdam
The Netherlands