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Act 3 Conclusion
Act 3 Conclusion
Types of Heat
Meaning Photo
Exchanger
There are three main topics to be considered in selecting heat exchanger types. These are the Heat
Duty, Temperatures, and the Quality of Fluids being utilized. Factors such as materials required to be
compatible with the water quality, Fouling, Capacity of the well, Space availability for the equipment,
corrosion is also to be considered.
In order to carry out an analysis and calculation of heat transfer at variable physical properties, one
should have an adequately accurate equation for heat transfer at constant properties.
LMTD METHOD
The Long Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) :
For counterflow:
LMTD: (Th2-Tc2) (Th1-Tc1) / (ln[Th2-Tc2) / (Th1-Tc1)])
For parallelflow:
LMTD: (Th1-Tc1)-(Th2-Tc2)/(ln[(Th1-Tc1)/(th2-Tc2)])
The heat transfer between the two fluids can then be calculated from:
q= UA LMTD
where: U= overall heat transfer coefficient
A= surface area for heat transfer consistent with definition of U
For heat exchanger of other types than parallel or counter flow the heat transfer equation takes the
form:
q= UAF LMTD
where: F= is the correction factor less than one and LMTD is calculated as for counter flow
arrangement.
Effectiveness-NTU Method
The effectiveness method offers many advantages for analysis of problems in which a comparison
between various types of heat exchangers must be made for purposes of selecting the type best suited to
accomplish a particular heat transfer objective. Heat exchanger is defined as:
Effectiveness = AHT/MPHT
The actual heat transfer (AHT) may be computed by calculating either the energy lost by the hot
fluid or the energy gained by the cold fluid.
3. To know the two methods of in selection of size of heat exchangers and predicting the
temperatures of specified heat exchangers.
The group were able to know the methods and the design considerations in selecting size of
heat exchangers. They were able to achieve it by the information about design consideration for Heat
Exchanger Selection and Sizing (Engineering Design Guidelines) stated below:
(A) All Heat Exchanger Types
(c) Tube Site Flow Whichever fluid appears higher on the following list will ordinarily be
passed through the tubes: (i). Cooling water. (ii). Corrosive fluid or a fluid likely to deposit coke,
sediment or other solids. (iii). Fouling fluid, which the fluid can cause fouling. (iv). Fluid with the less
viscosity. (v). The fluid under higher pressure (vi) The hotter fluid. (vii) Less volume fluid.
(d) Fluid velocity Liquid - Tube side: 3 7 ft/s and maximum is 13 ft/s if need to reduce fouling;
Water is 5 8 ft/s. Shell side: 1 3 ft/s Vapour Vacuum: 164 230ft/s; Atmospheric: 33 - 98ft/s;
High pressure:16 33ft/s
After doing the experiment weve determined and plotted all the readings and realizations of the
group into a graphical presentation. The important things that we have noticed are in the determination
of COP, we used the formula, COP=Refrigerating Effect / Compressor Work or in terms of enthalpy,
COP= (h1-h4)/(h2-h1), which were obtained from the R-22 Table using the temperatures and pressures
obtained from the experiment. For the histogram, we obtain the values of the LCL (Lower Control Limit)
and the UCL (Upper Control Limit). The lower control limit is computed using the formula of (M-3S), with
the value of 3.2126 while the upper control limit is computed using the formula of (M+3S), with the value
of 4.4770. The shape of the histogram is skewed to the right, which means the most of the values
obtained are clustered to the right.
Another important parameter is the compressor efficiency. To get the experimental efficiency, we
used the formula of Specific Work divided by the isentropic work. The specific work can be determined
from the difference in enthalpies of the exit and entrance of the compressor. Weve determined also the
mean value (75.99 %) and the standard deviation (6.5724 %). We also get the UCL and the LCL. The
lower control limit is computed using the formula of (M-3S), with the value of 56.2727 % while the upper
control limit is computed using the formula of (M+3S), with the value of 95.7073 %. The shape of the
histogram is close to symmetrical, which means it resembles to a roughly perfect bell shaped curved.
We also have searched some of the basic principles for a refrigeration system like that of the ED
5840. We also studied some of the important situational and industry level problem and solution that
are common in the field. The general principle behind any metering device is it acts as a restriction. You
can see it in the diagram above. It reduces high-pressure, high temperature refrigerant from the
condenser liquid line to low-pressure, low temperature refrigerant for the evaporator. The job of a
refrigeration plant is to cool articles or substances down to, and maintain them at a temperature lower
than the ambient temperature.
Refrigeration can be defined as a process that removes heat. The idea of using a refrigerant
diagram is that it makes it possible to represent the processes in the refrigeration system in such a way
that analysis and evaluation of the process becomes easy. When using a diagram determining system
operating conditions (temperatures and pressures) system refrigerating capacity can be found in a
relatively simple and quick manner.
1. The leader was the overall in-charge of the planning what to and how to do the experiment about
the Performance and Efficiency Test of Refrigeration Plant.
2. He also guarantees that every member of the group do their respective job accordingly and
rightfully.
3. He also assigned each of his subordinate to take charge of something while the experiment is on-
going.
4. He also monitors that the objective of the experiment has been achieved by each member whilst
they are doing and after theyve done the experiment.
5. The leader was also the one responsible in making sure that everything goes with his plan.
1. Assistant leader is responsible for helping the leader in guiding the group as they complete the
activity.
2. She is responsible for developing and implementing a timeline their team will use to reach its end
goal.
3. She finalize the document and validated if the information is related to what is needed.
4. She set the time limit for every member so that she'll have enough time to edit the final output.
5. While testing, she is holding the digital thermometer and measures the temperature at the
condenser.
1. Quality inspector was the one in-charge of checking that the group was doing quality work overall.
2. He was the one who will inspect every instrument and measuring devices that will be used to make
sure that everything works fine.
3. The quality inspector was also the one who makes sure that every member is doing their work
accordingly and nicely.
4. The data and the measurements taken was also evaluated by the quality inspector to monitor if
everything was on par with the theories learned by the group from their previous subjects.
5. He was again in-charge in checking the used instruments were still in pristine condition the same
way they are even before the experiment.
6. While waiting for the two-minute interval, he inspects if the data recorded by the document
controller adheres to the relationship of temperatures in evaporator, condenser and compressor.
He calculates the enthalpies based on the measured data.
1. Document Controller maintains and manages all important documents and assures that it is easily
accessible and stored.
2. Document Controller is responsible for controlling the numbering, filing, sorting and retrieval of
electronically stored or hard copy documentation produced by technical teams, projects or
departments in a timely, accurate and efficient manner.
3. She took a video of the first part where the professor discusses the different parts of the vapor-
compression system.
4. Before starting, she made a table for the 30 trials
10. Documentation