IJDRS Main Document Template Articles

Science and Disaster Reduction
[Note: Author name and corresponding author E-mail should be included in the Title Page in a separate document]
[Note: Author affiliation should be included in the Title Page in a separate document]
Abstract A serious gap exists between science and disaster decision making, so that many
scientific reports have little impact and fail to inform decision making. [Abstract should not
exceed 250 words]
Keywords decision making, disasters, risk assessment, science [46 keywords, in alphabetical order ]
1 Introduction
It is widely recognized that a serious gap exists between science and expert assessment on the
one hand and decision making on the other.
The notion that a linear process exists between science and policy still permeates the
thinking of many scientists and decision makers, and so it is scientists operating in the realm of t
raditional science who largely determine how problems of science are defined, framed, and
communicated to potential users.

2 Natural Disasters: A Continuing Toll
The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction was launched in 2000 as a global strategy to
build across the international system a culture of prevention in multiple societies as part of a
global effort to promote sustainable development i.

2.1 Increasing Vulnerability to Natural Disasters
Despite these laudable efforts, the track record continues to show unrelenting problems.

2.1.1 Disaster Losses
The Hyogo Framework for Action 20052015

(1) Develop a research framework that integrates global and local perspectives to shape a
place-based understanding between environment and society...
(2) Initiate focused research programs on a small set of understudied questions that are
central to a deeper understanding of interactions between science and the environment

Let A and B be two subsets of a set C and define conditional probabilities as follows:
prob ( A | B ) = prob ( A B) / prob ( B ) Eq. 1
Where A is

Table 1 shows that
Table 1. Natural disaster losses
Date Event Reference
1980 xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
1995 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
Source: Morgan et al. 2007.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 indicate that
(a) (b)
Figure 1. Models of decision processes in policy making: Command and control (a), Adaptive
management (b)
Source: After Morgan et al. 2007.
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a spiderweb in decision processes and public policies
7 Responding to the Risk At Hand
The current rush to embrace adaptive management often proceeds with the assumption that one
size fits all.
[Note: Acknowledgments should also be included in the Title Page to allow blind review of the manuscript]
Notes
i
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
ii

References
Agrawala, S., K. Broad, and D. H. Guston. 2001. Integrating Climate Forecasts and Societal
Decision Making: Challenges to an Emergent Boundary Organization. Science,
Technology and Human Values 26 (4): 45477.
Brown, M. A., J. Chandler, M. Lapsa, and B. Sovacool. 2007. Carbon Lock-in: Barriers to
Deploying Climate Change Mitigation Technologies. ORNL/TM-2007/124. Oak Ridge,
TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Green, C. H., D. J. Parker, and S. M. Tunstall. 2000. Assessment of Flood Control and
Management Options. Cape Town: World Commission on Dams. http://www.dams.org.
Holling, C. S. 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. London: John Wiley
and Sons.
McPhaden, M. 2001. El Nio and La Nia: Causes and Global Consequences. In Encyclopedia
of Global Environmental Change, edited by M. C. MacCracken, and J. S. Perry.
Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
Morgan, M. G., H. Dowlatabadi, M. Henrion, D. Keith, R. Lempert, S. McBride, M. Small,
and T. Wilbanks. 2007. Best Practice Approaches for Characterizing,
Communicating, and Incorporating Scientific Uncertainty in Climate Decision
Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
NRC (U. S. National Research Council). 1999. Our Common Journey: A Transition toward
Sustainability. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
. 2009. Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press.
Pidgeon, N., R. E. Kasperson, and P. Slovic, eds. 2003. The Social Amplification of Risk.
Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Social Learning Group. 2001. Learning to Manage Global Environmental Risks, Vol. 1: A
Comparative History of Social Responses to Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and
Acid Rain; Vol. 2: A Functional Analysis of Social Responses to Climate Change,
Ozone Depletion, and Acid Rain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. 2007. National Plans for Comprehensive
Disaster Reduction in the 11th Five-year Plan Period (Guojia zonghe jianzai shiyiwu
guihua). http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-08/14/content_6530351.htm (in
Chinese).

IJDRS Main Document Template Articles

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IJDRS Main Document Template Articles

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Science and Disaster Reduction

Date Event Reference

1980 xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

1995 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx

Source: Morgan et al. 2007.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 indicate that

7 Responding to the Risk At Hand

You might also like