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A- Detonation Wave
B- Oblique Shock Wave
C- Material Slip Line between freshly detonated
products and older products
D- Secondary Shock Wave
E- Mixing Region between fresh detonable mixture
and detonated gases
F- Region with blocked micro-nozzles,
G- detonable mixture injected from micro-nozzles
Kailasanath & Schwer, 2012 Int. Workshop Schwer & Kailasanath AIAA 2012-0617
on Detonation for Propulsion Feedback into Mixture Plenums in RDE
Basic Nature of PDE and RDE
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
PDE
r h mixture
Procedure: pre-fill for sec at ~0.1
g/sec, stop the reactants flow, and
apply spark ignition
x Reference Timing: w.r.t. ignition event
Shock Wave radiating away from PDE exit
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
Correlation with Shock Travel Distance
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
PDE Wave discharging over LMDE
U N I V E R S I T Y O F
(no injection)
M A R Y L A N D
H2-O2/He injection
LMDE Injection
Reaction
2H2 + O2 + He 2H2O + He
Cell Width: ~ 1.2 mm H2-O2/He injection
Injector
Injection Height: H ~ 12 mm
when detonation wave arrives
H/ ~ 10, H/D ~ 5
Re ~ 3105 steady-state design,
actual would be much less
Results
Inconclusive; possibly near the He injection only
limit
Steepening of the wave front in x-
direction suggests amplification
But no noticeable difference with
the inert He injection case
PDE discharge into LMDE (H2-O2) H ~ 12 mm
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
H2 injection
LMDE Injection
Reaction
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Cell Width: ~ 1.4 mm H2-O2 injection
Injector
Injection Height: H ~ 12 mm
when detonation wave arrives
H/ ~ 8.6, H/D ~ 5
Re ~ 3105 steady-state design,
actual would be much less
He injection only
Results
Failed to maintain the detonation
wave front
No noticeable difference with the
inert He injection case
PDE discharge into LMDE (H2-O2) H ~ 25 mm
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
H2 injection
LMDE Injection
Reaction
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Cell Width: ~ 1.4 mm
H2-O2 injection
Injector
Injection Height: H ~ 25 mm when
detonation wave arrives
H/ ~ 18, H/D ~ 10
Re ~ 3105 steady-state design,
actual would be much less
Results H2-O2 injection
Detonation wave front appears to be
sustained in the forward direction
Wave front speed (x-direction) is
faster than in the inert gas injection
case
PDE discharge into LMDE (H2-O2) H ~ 25 mm
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
Injection height: H=25 mm; D=2.5mm, Cell size: ~ 1.4mm (H/ ~ 18, H/D ~ 10)
PDE discharge into LMDE (H2-O2) H ~ 25 mm
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
LMDE Injection
Reaction
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Cell Width: ~ 1.4 mm
Injector
Injection Height: H ~ 25 mm when
detonation wave arrives
H/ ~ 18, H/D ~ 10
Re ~ 3105 steady-state design,
actual would be much less
Results
Detonation wave front appears to
be sustained in the forward
direction
Wave front speed (x-direction) is
faster than in the inert gas injection
case
PDE discharge into LMDE (H2-O2) H ~ 40 mm
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
H2-O2 injection
H=40 mm; D=2.5mm (H/ ~ 29, H/D ~ 16)
H2-O2 injection w/o PDE
LMDE Injection
Reaction
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Cell Width: ~ 1.4 mm
Injector
Injection Height: H ~ 40 mm when
detonation wave arrives
H/ ~ 29, H/D ~ 16
Re ~ 3105 steady-state design,
actual would be much less
Results
Revealed irregularly shaped wave
front - evidence of blast wave
Significant amount of amplification
suggests detonation transition would
be successful with side confinement
Summary of Year 1 Progress
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
Under certain conditions in the present tests, even without any flow
confinement, it was clearly shown that shock wave could be effectively
accelerated in the forward direction by the reaction from the transverse jets. It
appears to be dependent on the reactant jet height, among other factors.
In the present configuration of unconfined reactant jets, a jet height on the
order of 10 or greater was needed to continue driving the shock front in the
initial wave direction. This result is likely to be configuration specific since it
would be affected by the reactant jet blockage ratio and the rate of ambient
fluid entrainment as well as the amount of fuel present.
In the present system, timing of detonation wave arrival at the PDE exit is not
consistent enough to be used as a controlled input to LMDE, most likely due to
DDT phenomenon inside the PDE tube not being accurately predictable. This
uncertainty (order of ~100s) could be reduced by introducing a transition
enhancement device or using direct initiation.
Plans for Year 2
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D
CURRENT PROGRESS
GOAL Linear transverse detonation wave
Support Rotating Detonation Engine Linear Model Detonation Engine (LMDE)
channel with full optical access:
(RDE) development by providing better Canonical configuration with simplified
- preliminary design and analysis
understanding of the fundamental wave geometry but essential physics
completed
structure and building database for
- parts acquisition, machining &
CFD validation
fabrication in progress
- PDE initiator built & tested
BACKGROUND
Renewed interest in RDE concept due
to potential performance gain
Incomplete understanding of the actual
wave structure involving complex flow Experimentally simulate one or more cycles of RDE
features operation in an unwrapped linear channel for high-
Lack of high-quality visualization data quality flow viz. and detailed diagnostics air
fuel
due to complex optical setup involving - pulsed detonation tube as wave initiator
annular passage way LMDE v.1
- reflected wave to simulate the continuing mode
Need for experimental data that can be Study fundamental details of detonation structure PDE initiator
used for new physical insights as well propagating transversely across the flow direction in a
as for CFD validation purpose confined passage way
EXPECTED RESULTS
- high-speed schlieren visualization
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES