RUNNING HEAD: GIBBONS DESIGN LAYER THEORY

Andrew S. Gibbons: Design Layer Theory

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES (OPEN CAMPUS)

Submitted by: Kevin Holder

Student Number: 811000034

Course: EDID6503 Instructional Design, Models and Strategies

Dr. Laura Gray

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Personal life

Andrew S. Gibbons was born in the United States; He is married to Marsha Gibbons; with whom

he has five children. Andrew S. Gibbons is the department chair of instructional Psychology and

Technology at David O. Mckay School of Education at Brigham Young University.

Education

Andrew Gibbons received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Chemistry from Brigham

Young University 1969. He further pursued his studies and received his Doctorate (Ph.D.) at

Brigham young University in Instructional Psychology in 1974.

Academic Career

Andrew S. Gibbons has contributed significantly to the development of design layer in the field

of Instructional Design. Dr. Gibbons work has included large-scale training development

projects, re-engineering of the development (ISD) process, computer-based instruction, military

and commercial aviation training development, and research and development on instructional

simulations. Dr. Gibbons current research focuses on the architecture of instructional designs.
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He has published a design theory of Model-Centred Instruction, proposed a general Layering

Theory of instructional designs, and is currently studying the use of design languages in relation

to design layers as a means of creating instructional systems that are adaptive, generative, and

scalable.

Gibbons Model-Centered Instruction/ design Layers

Design layer, is a systematic set of independent layers, guiding the designer, in the

development of instructional design. The theory of design layer also known as Model-Centered

Instruction identifies various principles in the layer. Design layer utilize the concept of layer

(object-oriented design), where each part of the layer is interconnected but yet still separate

from each other. These Layers are applicable and can be reuse in various conditions. Andy

Gibbons (2004) identifies and explains seven sets of layers that instructional design can take

place. These layers are content layer, strategy layer, message layer, control layer,

representation layer, media logic layer and data management.

1. Content Layer: Examines three key areas the (1) environment (identifies the setting in which

learning occurs) (2) cause-effect systems (3) models of human performance. Content layer also

focuses on how information is store and supplied to the learner. According to Gibbon Content

layer is relatable to the entire model.

2. Strategy Layer: This layer examines solutions to complex issues that may arise in learning

exposure to instruction. Strategy layer identifies the organization of learning, their roles and
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responsibility instructional goals, division of time event structures, and strategic patterns of

interaction between the learner and the instructional experience Gibbon (2013).

3. Message Layer: examines the use of various forms of languages by which instructional

experience is communicated to the learner in the form of content and information.

4. Control Layer: This layer examines the way the learning interaction occurs and responds to

the instructions provided: it takes into consideration engagement, involvement, guidance, self-

direction and self-evaluation.

5. Representation Layer: This layer explains the medium by which information will be provided

to the learner.

6. Media logic: Identifies achievable language that is transferable across media. The selection of

the model and the problem as central design constructs assist in this goal.

7. Data management Layers: This layer examines how information is interpreted and

evaluation. Application of Gibbon Design layer use for Instructional Technology been utilize to

design computer base

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Books

Gibbons, A.S. (2014). An Architectural Approach to Instructional Design. Routledge.

Gibbons, A. S., Hokanson, B. (2014). Design in Educational Technology: Design thinking, design

process, and the design studio. Springer

Gibbons, A. S. (2013). An Architectural Approach to Instructional Design. Routledge

Book Chapters & Publication

Graham, C. R., Henrie, C., Gibbons, A. S. (2014). Developing models and theory for blended

learning research. Blended learning: Research perspectives Volume 2 (pp. 1333). Routledge.

Gibbons, A. S. (2014). Eight views of instructional design and what they should mean to

instructional designers.. In B. Hokanson and A.S. Gibbons (Ed.), Design in educational

technology: Design thinking, design process, and the design studio.. Springer.

Gibbons, A. S., Boling, E., Smith, K. M. (2014). Instructional design models. Handbook of

research on educational communications technology, 4th ed. (4th edition ed.). Springer.

Graham, C. R., Henrie, C. R., Gibbons, A. S. (2013). Developing models and theory for blended

learning research. Blended learning: Research perspectives II. Routledge.

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Gibbons, A. S. (2012). Rethinking design and learning processes in distance education.. In L.

Moller and J. Huett (Ed.), The next generation of distance education: Unconstrained learning.

(pp. 3148). Springer.

Gibbons, A. S., Boling, E., Smith, K. M. (2012, in press). Instructional design models. In M.

Spector, M. D. Merrill, J. Elen, and M. J. Bishop (Ed.), Handbook of research in educational

communications and technology (4th ed.) (4th Edition ed.). Association for Educational

Communications and Technology.

Gibbons, A. S. (2010). A contextual framework for identifying instructional design patterns. In P.

Goodyear & S. Retails (Ed.), Technology enhanced learning: Design patterns and pattern

languages. Sense Publishers.

Gibbons, A. S. (2009). A contextual pattern for identifying instructional design patterns. In P. &

Retalis, S. (Ed.), Technology-enhanced learning: Design patterns and pattern languages (pp. 29

48). Sense Publishers.

Gibbons, A. S., Boot, E., Botturi, L., Nelson, J. (2009). Improving the use of design languages in

creating learning designs and learning objects. L. Lockyear, S. Bennett, S. Agostinho & B. Harper,

Handbook of research on learning design and learning objects: Issues, applications, and

technologies.. IGI Global.

Gibbons, A. S., McConkie, M., Seo, K. K., Wiley, D. A. (2009). Simulation approach to

instruction.. In C. M. Reigeluth and A. Carr-Chellman (Ed.), Instructional-Design Theories and

Models, Volume III (vol. 3, pp. 167198). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

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Gibbons, A. S., Rogers, P. C. (2009). Coming at design from a different angle: Functional design.

In L. Moller, J. B. Huett, and D. M. Harvey (Ed.), Learning and instructional technologies for the

21st Century. Springer.

Boot, E., Botturi, L., Gibbons, A. S., Nelson, J. (2009). Supporting decision making in using design

languages for learning designs and learning objects. In L. Lockyear, S. Bennett, S. Agostinho & B.

Harper (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Learning Design and Learning Objects: Issues,

Applications, and Technologies (vol. II). IGI Global.

Gibbons, A. S., Rogers, P. C. (2009). The architecture of instructional theory. In C. M. Reigeluth

& A. Carr-Chellman (Ed.), Instructional_Design Theories and Models, Volume III. Routledge.

Gibbons, A. S., McConkie, M., Seo, K., Wiley, D. A. (2009). Theory for design of instructional

simulations and microworlds. In C. M. Reigeluth & A. Carr-Chellman (Ed.), Instructional-Design

Theories and Models, Volume III. Routledge.

Gibbons, A. S. (2008). A contextual framework for identifying instructional design patterns. In P.

Goodyear & S. Retalis (Ed.), Technology-Enhanced Learning: Design Patterns and Pattern

Languages.:. (pp. 12). Sense Publishers.

Boot, E., Botturi, L., Gibbons, A. S., Stubbs, S. T. (2008). Decision Making in Design Languages for

Learning Designs and Learning Objects. In L. Lockyer, S. Bennett, S. Agostinho, & B. Harper (Ed.),

Handbook of Research on Learning Design and Learning Objects: Issues, Applications and

Technologies (vol. 2, pp. 15). IGI Global.

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Stubbs, S. T., Gibbons, A. S. (2008). The pervasiveness of design drawing in ID. In L. Botturi & T.

Stubbs (Ed.), Handbook of visual languages for instructional design: Theories and practices (pp.

20). Information Science Reference.

Stubbs, S. T., Gibbons, A. S. (2008). The power of design drawing in other design fields. In L.

Botturi & T. Stubbs (Ed.), Handbook of Visual Languages for Instructional Design: Theories and

Practices (pp. 18). Information Science Reference.

Gibbons, A. S. (2008). Coming at design from a different angle: Functional design. In L. Moller, J.

Huett & D. Harvey (Ed.), Learning and instructional technologies for the 21st century (pp. 14).

Springer.

Gibbons, A. S., Botturi, L., Boot, E., Nelson, J. (2008). Design languages. In J. M. Spector, M. D.

Merrill, J. van Merrienboer, & M. Driscoll (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Educational

Communications and Technology, 3rd ed. (pp. 12). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gibbons, A. S. (2008). Model-centered Instruction, the Design, and the Designer. In D. Ifenthaler

& P. Pirnay-Dummer (Ed.), Understanding models for learning and instruction: Essays in honor

of Norbert M. Seel (pp. 12). Springer.

Stubbs, S. T., Gibbons, A. S. (2007). Design drawing outside of ID. In Botturi, L. & Stubbs, T. (Ed.),

Handbook of Visual Languages for Instructional Design. Information Science Reference.

Stubbs, S. T., Gibbons, A. S. (2007). Using ID layers to categorize design drawings. In Botturi, L &

Stubbs, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Visual Languages for Instructional Design: Theories and Practices.

Information Science Reference.

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Gibbons, A. S., Sommer, S. (2007). Layered design in an instructional simulation. In Shelton, B. &

Wiley, D. (Ed.), The Design and Use of Simulation Computer Games in Education. Sense

Publications.

Gibbons, A. S., Boling, E., Bichelmeyer, B. (2006). A Model of Technology Capable of Generating

Research Questions. 2005 Educational Technology and Media Yearbook.Association for

Educational Communications and Technology.

Gibbons, A. S., Brewer, E. K. (2005). Elementary Principles of Design Languages and Notation

Systems for Instructional Design. Innovations in Instructional Technology: Essays in Honor of M.

David Merrill. Erlbaum Associates.

Burnham, B., Gibbons, A. S. (2005). M. David Merrill: Leadership Profile. Educational Technology

and Media Yearbook (vol. 30). Association for Educational Communications and Technology.

Hill, J. R., Bichelmeyer, B., Boling, E., Gibbons, A. S. (2004). Perspectives on Significant Issues

Facing Instructional Design and Technology. In Orey, M.; Fitzgerald, M. A. & Branch, R. M. (Ed.),

Educational Technology and Media Yearbook (2004 Edition ed., vol. 29). Libraries Unlimited.

Gibbons, A. S. (2000). Don Carl Smellie: Organizer, Motivator, Exemplar, Leader.. In R. M.

Branch, and M. A. Fitzgerald (Ed.), 2005 Educational Technology and Media Yearbook(vol. 25).

Libraries Unlimited.

Zhang, J. P., Khan, B., Gibbons, A. S., Ni, Y. (2000). Review of Web-Based Assessment Tools. In

Khan, B. (Ed.), Web-Based Instruction (vol. 2). Educational Technology Publications.

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Gibbons, A. S., Lawless, K., Anderson, T. A., Duffin, J. R. (2000). The Web and Model-Centered

Instruction. In Khan, B. (Ed.), Web-Based Instruction (vol. 2). Educational Technology

Publications.

Gibbons, A. S., Fairweather, P. G. (2000). Computer-Based Instruction. In Tobias, S. & Fletcher,

D. (Ed.), Training and Retraining: A Handbook for Business, Industry, Government, and Military.

Division 15 of the American Psychological Association and Macmillan Reference USA.

Gibbons, A. S. (2000). The Nature and Origin of Learning Objects. In Wiley, D. (Ed.), The

Instructional Use of Learning Objects. Association for Educational Communications.

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References:

Gibbons, A.S. (2014). An Architectural Approach to Instructional Design. Routledge.

Gibbons, A. S., McConkie, M., Seo, K. K., Wiley, D. A. (2009). Simulation approach to

instruction.. In C. M. Reigeluth and A. Carr-Chellman (Ed.), Instructional-Design Theories and

Models, Volume III (vol. 3, pp. 167198). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Gibbons, A.S. (2014). An Architectural Approach to Instructional Design. Routledge.

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Reflection of the research

Doing the required research for assignment two , presented new and insightful information

about instructional theories; its purpose, goals, delivering of instructions , models, systems and

principles that the designer utilize for instructional design both within a classroom environment

and outside. The research topic I choose, allowed me to thoroughly research various sources

both primary and secondary, to acquire information about Andrew S. Gibbons design layer

theory. It was identified that his contribution to the development of the academia of

instructional design technology and physiology assisted many researchers as well as

organizations solve day to day issues and global issues in education technology. Dr Gibbons

work has assisted in many thematic areas such as developing instructions for the United States

military service in the area of instructional design. The greatest contribution by Andrew S.

Gibbons is Design Layer Theory whereby , he presented seven unique principles in the

academia of instructional designer that can be utilize when preparing instruction by designers.

These include content, strategy, control, message, representative, media logic and data

management this model can be reuse continuously for development of old, existing and new

instructions. The research provided a lot of information about the theorist and his contribution

to the development of instructional design, instructional technology and distance education.

However, there were many challenges sourcing information about the design layer theory

provided by Andrew S Gibbons: ranging from lack of available sources and reliability of the

sources available to carry out the research. All in the entire research topic was an excited one

to explore as it allowed for more of my research skills to be utilized.

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