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Measures of Locations or Fractiles
Measures of Locations or Fractiles
or FRACTILES
PERCENTILES
DECILES
QUARTILES
Percentiles are values that divide a set of observations in an array
into 100 equal parts.
Thus, a student whose score was 12 did better than 65% of the class.
Example 2: The following were the scores of 10 students in a
short quiz: 2 8 6 9 7 5 8 10 10 1. Find the 64th
percentile.
th
i (n + 1)
Pi = the value of the observatio n in the array
100
Arrange the data from lowest to highest:
1 2 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 10
th
64(10 + 1)
P64 = observation = 7.04 or 8 th observation
100
D1, read as first decile, interpreted as 10% is below the given value.
D2, read as second decile, interpreted as 20% is below the given
value.
.
.
.
Find D7
Arrange from lowest to highest:
th
7(10 + 1)
D7 = observation = 7.7 or 8 th observation
10
Q1, read as first quartile, interpreted as 25% is below the given value.
Q2, read as second quartile, interpreted as 50% is below the given
value.
Q3, read as third quartile, interpreted as 75% is below the given
value.
Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles of
ungrouped data.
To compute for the ith percentile:
th
i (n + 1)
Pi = the value of the observation in the array
100
To compute for the ith Decile:
th
i (n + 1)
Di = the value of the observation in the array
10
To compute for the ith Quartile:
th
i (n + 1)
Qi = the value of the observation in the array
4
Note: If the value obtained is not a whole number, round up to
the next whole number.
Example
A psychologist obtained the IQ scores of 10
students. The IQ scores are as follow:
Find Q3.
Special Percentiles - Deciles and Quartiles
D1, D2, , D9 corresponds P10, P20, , P90
Q1, Q2 and Q3 corresponds to P25, P50 and P75.
The median is the same as P50, D5 or Q2.
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
Q1 Q2 Q3
Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles of
grouped data.
in
< CFPi1
Pi = LCBPi + c 100
f Pi
Example 1: Find the 35th percentile.
in
< CFPi1
Pi = LCBPi + c 100
f Pi
38.5 34
P35 = 69.5 + 5 = 70.82
17
Thus, 35% of the scores are below 70.82.
Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles of
grouped data.
in
< CFDi1
Di = LCBDi + c 10
f Di
Example 2: Find the 6th Decile.
in
< CFDi1
Di = LCBDi + c 10
f Di
66 51
D6 = 74.5 + 5 = 78.45
19
in
< CFQi1
Qi = LCBQi + c 4
f Qi
Table: Scores of 110 Students in an Achievement Test
Exercise: