Hammad Article Submitted 23 Aug 2017 PDF
Hammad Article Submitted 23 Aug 2017 PDF
Hammad Article Submitted 23 Aug 2017 PDF
Abstract
Acceptance and intention to use mobile application in library context is getting a great deal of interest in education field. Sparse
research was conducted in mobile library application (MLA), investigating the influential factors on intention to use MLA. Research
aims to provide empirical support on acceptance of MLA, library accessed through mobile application. Model was developed by
extending technology acceptance model(TAM) in MLA context, by adding perceived mobility value, system accessibility and
satisfaction for investigating the influence on behavioural intention to use MLA. Self-administrated cross-sectional survey was
conducted to collect data from 321 users of MLA in COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) Islamabad. Structural
equation model (SEM) using analysis of moment structure (AMOS) software was used for examining quantitative data. Results
revealed that satisfaction and perceived ease of use are direct significant predictor with intention to use MLA, whereas system
accessibility influence through perceived ease of use. However, perceived mobility value shows weak effect on intention to use
MLA through perceived usefulness. Results serve as a guide for effective decision in developing and resource allocation for
ensuring success of librarys vision and mission.
Keywords: Mobile library application (MLA), Library services, Smart phone applications, Technology acceptance model (TAM),
Library application
1. Introduction accessing digital library through the use of mobile phone and
wireless network without any temporal and spatial constraints
Increasing trend of wireless technologies and smart phones [5]. Compared with traditional libraries, mobile library services
are making the users alter their attention toward them. Mobile are more intelligent as they help with quick access to sources
applications are now considered as an important tool for acquir- from anywhere and any time. Despite the resource investment
ing different services (i.e. m-learning, m-paying, m-banking on developing these digital and mobile library, it is observed
etc.). People are now using mobile applications for variety that, they are being ignored and overlooked by students [6][7].
of different purposes like entertainment, playing game, inter- Therefore, it is necessary to identify critical factors resisting
net surfing, reading newspaper and for social media sites etc. intentions of users to use MLA.
[1][2]. Therefore, with the paradigm shift of technology, it is Sparse research was conducted which explores the influence
being adopted by many different organizations including bank- of numerous factors on the acceptance of MLA by using tech-
ing sectors, private organizations, educational institutes and li- nology acceptance model (TAM). TAM was applied in different
braries. domains (i.e. e-learning, online banking, e-shopping, digital li-
Libraries are an important information source for research braries, online libraries and mobile library application etc.) to
and learning. In traditional library setup, users need to be phys- investigate the adoption behaviour of different information sys-
ically present in library for accessing the essential services such tems.
as referencing, searching research articles, accessing databases There are three reasons on the basis of which TAM was se-
and for reading books etc. With the development of computer lected. First, for successful adoption of MLA, users perspective
technology, libraries were then shifted from traditional to dig- is taken into account for developing and building an application
ital and online. Term digital library in this study is defined as [8][9]. Second, it helps to investigate the effect of external fac-
library accessed by users through the use of computer and web tors for study such as perceived mobility value (PMV), system
broadband at defined place [3], whereas online library is de- accessibility (SA) and satisfaction (S) on usage of MLA. Third,
fined as library resources accessed through simple search en- TAM was used in variety of domain including library setting
gines instead of library sources [4]. Upgradation of libraries [7][10][4][11][12]. A lot of research was conducted using TAM
still has an issue of temporal and spatial constraints, such as in this setting, therefore, TAM was extended by adding external
user needs to have some sort of system at defined place where factors (i.e. PMV, SA, S) for current study.
internet is accessible to utilize library services. Therefore, to COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) Is-
overcome temporal and spatial constraints, mobile library ap- lamabad is a Pakistani higher education institute founded in
plications (MLA) were adopted by libraries. MLA is defined as 1998. In short period of time it has grown to seven campuses
Preprint submitted to Journal Name May 1, 2017
across the country. Higher education commission (HEC) of acceptance of MLA. Study found that PEOU had significant
Pakistan ranked CIIT in top ten higher educational institutes influence on PU which lead to the intention to use MLA. Simi-
[13] of Pakistan. CIIT build library in 2009 to fulfil the thirst larly, study showed that satisfaction had positive effect on usage
of knowledge and in spring 2014 it was transformed from dig- intention of MLA.
ital library to mobile library by launching mobile application Study in Israel [11] examined the factors that were influenc-
with the name INSIGNIA ILS. It helps in accessing print and ing librarians and students in the acceptance of new technology.
electronic resources like thesis repository, OPAC, HEC digital Research revealed that PEOU and PU had significant influence
library etc. This study was administered in CIITs main cam- on intention to use mobile library site. [16] inspected the infor-
pus. mation professional and librarians viewpoint toward detection
This study will address the research gap and identify the tools and approved that TAM openness to experience and im-
influential factors for improving the acceptance of MLA by ad- portance of discovery tool structure affected respondents satis-
dressing two questions. First, what kind of factors affect the faction with detection tool.
user intention to use MLA? Second, is the TAM suitable for Influencing factors in library setting were also identified by
investigating the acceptance of MLA in academic libraries of using TAM extension i.e. UTAUT. It was projected by [17] with
Pakistan? factors effort expectancy (EE), performance expectancy (PE),
This research study comprises of following sections, section social influence (SI) and facilitating conditions (FC) which are
1 gives introduction followed by section 2 of literature review. impacting behavioural intention and intention to use. [18] mea-
Proposed model and hypothesis are presented in section 3. Re- sured the acceptance of electronic library service in public Jor-
search methodology and analysis techniques are presented in danian university by implementing UTAUT model. They found
section 4 and 5 followed by discussion along with conclusion that students intention for using library information services
and future work in section 6 and 7 respectively. was dependent on three constructs named PE, EE and SE, whereas
students use behaviour was dependent on FC and Intention to
2. Literature review use. [19] integrated UTAUT model with task technology fit
(TTF). In order to investigate the users BI regarding the usage
Different models were employed to explain intentions of of MLA in university library, he found that PE, EE, SI and FC
people for the adoption of new technologies. TAM has been determined users BI regarding the MLA use. It also defined that
widely used for identifying the factors affecting the acceptance moderating effect of TTF was also significant in the proposed
of technology in variety of different contexts (USA, KSA, Ko- research model as determinant of UTAUT model.
rea, China etc.) and to predict peoples behaviour regarding ac- As discussed in literature review, researcher applied TAM
ceptance of technology [9]. TAM was extended from theory of and extended it to identify the multiple influencing factors which
reasoned action (TRA), which says, behaviour of an individual are affecting users behaviour in library setting. Research shows
is determined by his/her behavioural intention (BI) whereas BI that PEOU, PU, S, and SA are important determinant of user
is determined by the attitude and subjective norms [14]. TAM acceptance of online and digital libraries. Despite these facts
was proposed by [9] having two core beliefs perceived ease of there is spars research which is focussing MLA acceptance by
use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU). undergraduate and graduate students based on TAM. Therefore,
Prior research had widely used TAM in order to investigate this research focused on identifying factors affecting MLA in
the behaviour toward using new information systems and tech- developing countrys context.
nology in library setting. TAM has been used in digital library,
online library resource and few studies on MLA acceptance.
3. Proposed model and hypothesis
[7][10][3][11][15][12]. This study [12] identifies factors influ-
encing the users adoption and intentions in using digital library On the basis of previous research and theoretical concept of
system in the developing countrys context. PEOU of library TAM, this study proposed the research model and hypothesis in
system had significant influence on PU which resulted in BI to context of mobile library application. Graphical representation
use system. Study also identifies the differences and similar- of proposed hypothesis is presented in figure 1.
ity in important predicting factors of digital library acceptance
across countries and continents. [15] conducted study in agri- 3.1. Perceived mobility value
cultural university of developing country i.e. Kenya and Peru
Perceived mobility value (PMV) says the degree to which
for identification of influential factors on digital library. They
a person trusts about using mobile apps would improve their
identified the factors influencing the usage of digital libraries
capability to cope with tasks and activities while on the move
by applying TAM and discovered PU as the key predictor in
[20]. Preceding studies have confirmed that users always ap-
intention of use system.
preciated effectiveness and convenience as the principal bene-
Results presented in the study of Joo and Choi [4] iden-
fits of mobile services are the result of mobility of movable
tify the influencing factors on the acceptance of online library
devices [21][22]. Studies showed that mobility had significant
resources. They found that PU and PEOU influenced under-
influence on mobile adoption intentions [20]. Increased mobil-
graduates intention to use online library resources. Their study
ity, more the time users will spend with the mobile services and
revealed that SA is the strongest predictor in intention to use
system [23]. The mobility makes users free from temporal and
online library resources. [7] identified the factors affecting the
2
H3: Perceived ease of use will have positive significant ef-
fect on perceived usefulness of INSIGNIA ILS.
H3a: Perceived ease of use will have positive significant effect
on the behavioural intention to use INSIGNIA ILS.
5
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Table 5: Hypothesis Testing
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