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(Alex) Accident Investigation PDF
(Alex) Accident Investigation PDF
and Reporting
2
Application
Kinds of Accidents Requiring Investigation
Fatality or Death
Lost Time Accident or Lost work day
Restricted Work Cases or Light Duty
Medical Treatment Cases
First Aid Cases
Major property damage
Near-miss incidents with potential for serious
injury or major property damage
3
THE WORK ACCIDENT
4
A definition of an Accident
9
THE INCIDENT OR NEAR MISS
10
A definition of an Incident
Another definition of an Incident
The Domino Theory
Lack of Basic Immediate
Controls Causes Causes Accident Losses
14
The Domino Theory
Classification of Losses
Personnel Injury:
Death, Person
Permanent Total Injuries
Disability
Property
Lost Time
Damage
Accident (LTA)
Non-Lost Time Unquant
Accidents ified
RestrictedWork Losses
Cases or Light
Duty Work
FirstAid Cases
Hospitalization & ECC Benefits (FACs) 15
The Losses from Accidents
Reporting Requirements
Accidents resulting in death or
permanent total disability must be
initially reported to DOLE within 24
hours of occurrence.
All other Types of Injuries such as
NLTAs, RWCs, FACs for reporting
on or before 20th day of the
following month using form IP-6
-Rule 1053.01 OSHS
16
The Domino Theory
Types of Property Losses
Damages for
Reporting to DOLE: Person
Explosions of Injuries
boilers, air
receivers, Property
Damage
Collapse of crane,
derrick, hoist Unquant
Firecausing ified
damage to any Losses
room where
persons are
employed
Property Damage -Rule 1053.02 17
The Domino Theory
Accident Losses
Time
Time Person
Injuries
Date Date
Damage
Place to
Place Property
Event,
Occurrence Type of
Accident
Unquant
ified
(refer to types of Losses
accidents)
18
Types of Employee Accidents
Exposure Accidents
Person suffers injury or illness as result of
exposure to harmful conditions such as:
Toxic gases, fumes, vapors, dusts
Extremes of heat or cold
High noise levels
Radioactive radiation, or intense light
Examples:
Carbon Monoxide
22
Types of Employee Accidents
Struck-by Accident;
Person has been
contacted abruptly and
forcefully by some
object in motion
Example: being hit by
falling tool, struck by
moving vehicle, struck
by rolling drum
Other Examples:
Previous Accident
31
Previous Accident
32
Previous Accident
33
Whole Picture
Employee was
standing here
and was trapped
Legs on portal crane
by bottom beam
moved in this direction
once lifted from the
bottom beam.
Sustained injuries
Struck-By Accident:
An employee was watching a co-worker sledge a bolt into
place on a casting. He was not wearing eye protection.
After several blows had been struck, a sliver of steel broke
off the bolt struck him in the eye.
38
Types of Employee Accidents
Contact-with Accident
A person has contacted some substance
or object capable of producing injury
Example: Contact with steam pipe, contact
with energized electrical conductor
Other Examples:
While exiting from a substation, boom truck
driver failed to lower boom, boom contacted
34.5KV energized line
Arm with third degree burn from high-voltage line.
Electrical burn on hand and arm.
Electrical Burns when using faulty drill
Dont ignore
LOTOTO
This Is Arc Flash!
45
GaSHE- Hospital Safety Related to MEP Systems 9/28/2013
Types of Employee Accidents
Struck-against Accident
Person contacts abruptly and
forcefully some object
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
63
64
Types of Employee Accidents
Different Level Fall Accident
Person falls below foot level on which
he/she was standing/walking
Adjacent monkey
ladder
Mr. Chaco Mathew
landed here.
74
76
79
80
POTENTIAL FALLING ACCIDENT
82
83
84
- 87
89
93
94
96
97
98
100
101
102
103
4 Video Clip
Painting Using Ladder
Shop Girl
Types of Accidents
Different Level Fall Accident:
105
Types of Employee Accidents
Overexertion Accident
Person gets injured as
result of putting
excessive strain on some
part of his/her body
Example: Straining back
while lifting
heavy/awkward load
Other Examples:
Overexertion
Types of Accidents
Overexertion Accident:
109
Types of Employee Accidents
Caught-on Accident
Person (or some part of persons
clothing) has become caught on some
protruding object
137
Hydrogen Sulfide
138
hydrogen sulfide concentration
Hydrogen Sulfide
139
NOBODY GETS HURT
Unsafe Acts
+
Unsafe Conditions
=
Accidents and Incidents
149
Accidents / Incidents Triangle
1
LTA
10
Medical Treatment Cases
30
Property Damages
152
The Domino Theory
Immediate
Causes Accident Losses
Event Unquant
ified
Losses
155
The Immediate Causes
1. UNSAFE ACTS
156
The Immediate Causes
2. UNSAFE CONDITIONS
-Poor housekeeping
-Poor ventilation
-High temperatures
-High Noise levels
-Radiation hazard.
157
The Immediate Causes
2. UNSAFE CONDITIONS
158
The Domino Theory
Basic Immediate
Causes Causes Accident Losses
159
Basic Causes of Accidents
1. PERSONAL FACTORS
-Inadequate physical capacity as:
-lack of height,
-lack of heft, etc
-Physical Stress as:
-injury,
-fatigue,
-illness, diabetic condition, etc.
160
Basic Causes of Accidents
1. PERSONAL FACTORS (continuation)
-Inadequate mental ability as:
-mental illness,
-mechanical inaptitude,
-poor judgment,
-memory failure,
-etc.
161
Basic Causes of Accidents
1. PERSONAL FACTORS (continuation)
*Mental stress as:
-emotional overload,
-frustration,
-routine, demanding work,
-meaningless work.
162
Basic Causes of Accidents
1. PERSONAL FACTORS (continuation)
*Lack of knowledge and training,
-lack of practice,
-lack of coaching,
-lack of skill
*Improper motivation
(this will be addressed in another
module on Safety Motivation).
163
The Domino Theory
Basic Immediate
Causes Causes Accident Losses
164
Basic Causes of Accidents
2. JOB FACTORS
*Inadequate leadership as poor
supervisory skills,
*Inadequate supervision
*Inadequate policy,
*Inadequate matching of capabilities
and job requirements, etc
*Inadequate Engineering as poor
layout.
165
Basic Causes of Accidents
2. JOB FACTORS (continuation)
*Inadequate preparation of equipment,
*Poor assessment of loss exposures
*Inadequate Logistics as inadequate
specs,
*Inadequate handling of equipment, etc
*Inadequate maintenance or Poor PM,
*Poor lubrication program, etc.
166
Basic Causes of Accidents
2. JOB FACTORS (continuation)
168
Loss of Control
o Inadequate Controls are common cause of confusion and failure
of controls
not specific
not clear
not high
o Adequate Controls are:
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time bound
169
Start of: Accident Investigation
Reporting and Follow-up
171
Role of Investigation in
Accident Prevention
Identification of Corrective Actions
Immediate corrective actions
Prevents recurrence of accident to same employee
Long term corrective actions
Prevents same accident from occurring to other
employees doing same/ similar job
Evaluation of corrective actions
To determine if corrective actions are effective in
preventing similar accidents
172
Warning!
173
The Accident
Investigation Process
1. Investigation Phase
2. Reporting Phase
3. Follow-up Phase
174
The Accident
Investigation Process
1. Investigation Phase
Establish relevant accident facts
Who (numbers involved), what, when, where, why
and how / how much damage cost
Interview witnesses
Interview the injured
Assess the scene of the accident
If possible, re-enact accident
Develop solutions to prevent recurrence
This is main objective of accident investigation
175
The Accident
Investigation Process
2. Investigation Phase
Complete the accident report form
Follow company procedures
Review completed report by appropriate
higher level of management
These are the weakest steps of the accident
prevention process
176
Warning! Problems of Not
Reporting Accidents
Nothing learned from unreported
accidents
Accident causes not corrected
Infections/ aggravation of injury
Practice of not reporting tends to spread.
177
Warning! Problems of Not
Reporting Accidents
Fear of reprisal from supervisor
Fear of getting bad reputation
Fear of medical treatment
Fear of embarrassment
Not wanting to lose work time
Not wanting an accident on their record
Not wanting to ruin a safety record
Other reasons? 178
The Accident
Investigation Process
3. Follow-up Phase
Assignment of corrective actions
Who is going to do what, and when
Assignments and completion dates must
be monitored / reviewed periodically
This ensures quality reports for supervisors
179
Conducting the Accident
Investigation
Time and Place for accident investigation
Interviewing the Employee and Witnesses
Correct and Incorrect way to Interview
Major Investigation Errors/Mistakes to
avoid
Planning the Corrective Actions
180
Conducting the Accident
Investigation
Investigate promptly after the accident
With time people will forget details of accident
But, do not interview if employee is upset or
in pain
Investigate at the Scene of Accident
Helps to re-enact events
Gives clear picture of environmental
conditions
181
Conducting the Accident
Investigation
Correct Ways to Interview
Interview one at a time in a private office
Seat the interviewee across a table, facing
you, and try to make him/her comfortable
Let employee know purpose of investigation is
to prevent recurrence
Let employee know purpose of investigation is
not to find fault
(Let us do this during the case study)
182
Conducting the Accident
Investigation
Correct Ways to Interview
Let employee know purpose of investigation is
to prevent recurrence
How do you say it?
Let employee know purpose of investigation is
not to find fault only
How do you act? Remember, action speaks
louder than words.
183
Conducting the Accident
Investigation
Correct Ways to Interview
Ask open-ended questions, for example:
Did you see when the forklift hit the wall?
Where were you standing? Did you have a
clear view?
Do not ask: Did you see the over-speeding
forklift? Why was he driving recklessly?
184
Conducting the Accident
Investigation
Incorrect Ways to Interview
Let employee know purpose of investigation is
to fill out a report
Let employee know you know the facts
Ask vague questions
Let employee know purpose of investigation is
to find fault
185
Interviewing Witnesses
186
Interviewing Witnesses
5. Summarize
6. Ask for recommendations
7. Get written statements
8. Thank the employee
9. Close on a positive note
187
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
- was injured?
- saw the accident?
- was working with the injured?
- had instructed/assigned the job to the injured?
- else was involved?
- has the information of events prior to the accident?
188
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
189
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
190
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
191
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
192
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
193
Conducting the Accident
Investigation
Major investigation errors to avoid
Reluctance to accept management
responsibility
Emphasis on a single cause only
Failure to establish root causes
Narrow interpretations of environmental
causes
Treating major injury accidents as minor
events, not considering HI-PO incidents.
194
Accident Report and
Follow-up
Responsibility for Corrective Actions
Must be assigned
Must have completion date
Must be monitored to ensure corrective
actions have eliminated accident causes
195
Workshop I - Gathering of Facts
I. Actual Accident or Simulated Accident
- Nature of Accident
- Parties involved/responsible person(s)
- Place of Accident
- Time and Date of Accident
AL SHAQAB EQUESTRIAN
DOHA, QATAR
HANDLING THE VICTIM
CONTOLLING ACCIDENT SCENE
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
RECOMMENDATIONS
IMMEDIATE CORRECTIVE ACTION
LONG TERM CORRECTIVE
ACTION
FOLLOW-UP
TABLE TOP EXERCISE
Preventing Accident
230
Types of Accidents
Contact With Accident:
231
Types of Accidents
Struck-Against Accident:
The worker was attempting to remove the
coupling box from a roll stand. He positioned a
long metal bar in the hole at the top of the
coupling box and applied force to the box. The
bar slipped from the hole, causing him to fall
backwards. He struck his back against the mill
housing.
233
Types of Accidents
Caught-On Accident:
234
Types of Accidents
Caught Between Accident:
236
Hierarchy of Controls
Most effective
Eliminate
Substitute
Engineering
Admin
Training
PPE
TEAM EFFORT
238
End of Module:
Accident Investigation, Analysis
and Reporting
THANK YOU