Analyses of Pig Iron 1900
Analyses of Pig Iron 1900
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The original of this book is in
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924004656066
TO MY FRIEND
WM. CHRISTIE HERRON
OF
ROGERS, BROWN & CO.
THIS BOOK IS RESPECTFULLY
DEDICATED
PRICE
\ '^W
ANALYSES
Pig Iron
COLLECTED AND PUBLISHED BY
SKYMOUR R. CHURCH
SA.N KRA.NCISCO
CALIFORNIA.
U. S. A.
Herewith is presented Volume One of "Analyses of Pig Iron," which is the first
The increasing demand from foundrymen and others for analyses of different kinds of
pig iron, led the publisher to believe that a work of this kind would deserve the support of
The analyses in nearly every instance were received either from the furnaces direct or
from furnace agents, and although the publisher realizes that some of them do not seem
correct, yet they have been copied just as they were received, and are on file open to
inspection. The collecting of these analyses has necessarily opened up a voluminous cor-
respondence, several thousand letters having been written to obtain the information con-
tained in this volume, and if every furnace had given the desired information, a great many
more analyses could have been published, but some of them declined to give same however,
;
the publisher hopes that when the different makers of pig iron see this work they will at
once realize its importance and furnish the desired information for the next volume, which
will be published in the early part of the year 1901. It will contain entirely new matter,
The half-tone cuts, representing the fracture of different brands and grades of pig iron,
will be interesting, as they show the various characteristics of the iron, and the accompany-
ing illustrations of furnaces will give the reader a very good idea of the plants where the
iron is manufactured.
In conclusion, the publisher wishes to say that while he is grateful to all those who
have in any way contributed information for this volume, he is especially indebted to
Messrs. Girvin & Eyre, of San Francisco, who, through their London correspondents, have
furnished much valuable information relative to the pig iron made in Great Britain.
The Publisher.
Index to Names of Companies, United States of America.
Page. Page.
Alabama Consolidated Coal and Iron Company 17 Elk Rapids Furnace 37
Alabama and Georgia Iron Company 27 Empire Steel and Iron Company 43-52-66-71-73-94-96
Alleghany Iron Company 94 Emporium Furnace Company 77
Allentown Iron Works 61 Etna Manufacturing Company 27
American Steel Hoop Company 61-62 Everett Furnace 77
American Steel and Wire Company of New Jersey. 44-53-61 Excelsior Furnace 37
Andover Iron Company 42
Andrews and Hitchcock Iron Company, The Gaylord Iron Company 38
53
Antrim Iron Company Girard Iron Company 55
37
Ashland Coal and Iron Railway Company Globe Iron Company 55
35
Gracey- Woodward Iron Company 91
Ashland Iron and Steel Company 105-107
Atlantic Iron and Steel Company 62
Heckscher and Sons Company, R 77
Hecla Iron and Mining Company 55
Bamum-Richardson Company 25
Bass Foundry and Machine Company 17
Illinois Steel Company 29-107
Belfont Iron Works Company 53
Irondale Furnace 104
Bellefonte Furnace Company 62
Iroquois Iron Company 29
Berlin Iron Works 62
Bethlehem Steel Company 62 Jefferson Furnace 77
Big Stone Gap Iron Company 94 Jefferson Iron Company 56-93
Blue Mountain Iron and Steel Company 36 Jenifer Furnace Company 18
Boiling Springs Iron Company 63 Joanna Furnace 78
Bonbrake, Burkhart and Company 63 Jones and Laughlin, Ltd 77
Brier Hill Iron and Coal Company 53 Jones Valley Iron Company 18
Brooke Iron Company, E. & G 63 Juniata Furnace and Foundry Company 78
Brown-Bonnell Iron Company, The 54
Kirkland Furnace 46
Buffalo Charcoal Iron Company 45
Kittanning Iron and Steel Manufacturing Company ... 78
Buffalo Furnace Company 45
Buffalo Iron Company 90 Lackawanna Iron and Steel Company. 78
Burden Iron Company, The 45 Lawrence Furnace Company 56
Lebanon Furnaces 79
Calumet Iron and Steel Company ... 28
Lebanon Valley Furnace 79
Cambria Steel Company 63
Leesport Iron Company 79
Campbell Iron Company, The 54
Lehigh Steel and Iron Company 79
Carbon Iron and Steel Company, Ltd 63
Lehigh Zinc and Iron Company 79
Carnegie Steel Company, Ltd., The 64
Liberty Furnace 101
Carrie Furnaces 64
Lime Rock Iron Company 25
Cedar Point Furnace 45
Logan Iron and Steel Company 79
Centre Mining and Manufacturing Company 54
Longdale Iron Company 101
Charlotte Iron Works 45
Lorain Steel Company, The 56
Chattanooga Furnace Company 91
Company
Low Moor Iron ef Virginia, The 101
Cherry Valley Iron Works 54
Chesnut Grove Furnace , 64 McCoy and Linn 80
Chickies Iron Company, Ltd., The 64 McGugin and Company 56
Citico Furnace Company 91 McNair and DeCamp 42
Claire Furnace Company, Ltd 65 Maiden Creek Furnace 80
Clare Iron Company 54 Martel Furnace 39
Clinton Iron and Steel Company 65 Marting Iron and Steel Company, The 56
Coleraine Iron Works 66 Maryland Steel Company 36
Colonial Iron Company 66 Means, Kyle and Company 57
Colorado Fuel and Iron Company,The 25 Means and Russell Iron Company 35
Columbian Land and Mining Company, The 35 Miller, Wagoner and Filser Company, lessees 58
Corrigan, McKinney and Company 55 Minerva Pig Iron Company 107
Corrigan, McKinney and Company, lessees 65 Mont Works
Alto Iron 80
Cranberry Iron and Coal Company 52 Muirkirk Furnace, The 36
Musconetcong Iron Works, The 43
Dayton Coal and Iron Company, The 91
Detroit Iron Furnace Company 37 Nannie B. Furnace 101
Duluth Furnace Company 41 Napier Iron Works 91
Dunbar Furnace Company 66 National Steel Company 57-58-80
Durham Iron Works 66 National Tube Company 58-80-105
Newberry Furnace Company 39
Eagle Furnace 107 New Jersey Zinc Company The , 43
Eagle Iron Company 17 New River Mineral Company 101
..
Page.
Page.
27
Norristown Iron Works 80 Sharon Valley Iron Company
Northern Alabama Coal, Iron and Railway Company. . 18 Sharpsville Furnace Company ^7
19
Northern Furnace Company 39 Sheffield Coal, Iron and Steel Company
^^
Northwestern Iron Company, The 107 Shelby Iron Company
Sligo Furnace Company ^^
Ohio Iron and Steel Company, The 58 Sloss-Sheffield Steel and Iron Company 19
Ohio Mining and Manufacturing Company, The 58 Southern Mining Company 28
Old Alcalde Furnace 93 South Mountain Mining and Iron Company 87
Oregon Iron and Steel Company 61 Spathite Iron Company 20
Spearman Iron Company, The 87
Paducah Furnace 35 Spring Lake Iron Company, The 41
Paxton Iron and Steel Company, The 81 Star and Crescent Iron Furnace 94
Peninsular Iron Company, The 39 Star Furnace Company "9
Penn Iron and Coal Company, The 58 Stewart Iron Company, Ltd 88
Pennsylvania Furnace Company 81 Stickney Iron Company, The 36
Pennsylvania Steel Company, The 81 Struthers Furnace Company, The 59
Pequest Furnace 43 Superior Charcoal Iron Company 40
Perkins and Company, Ltd 81 Susquehanna Iron and Steel Company 88
Phenix Furnace 46 Swatara Furnace 88
Pickands, Mather and Company 81
Pioneer Furnace 39 Tassie Belle Furnace 94
Pioneer Mining and Manufacturing Company 18 Temple Iron Company 88
Potts, William M 82 Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company 20-21-92
Pott town Iron Company 82 Thomas Iron Company, The 89
Pottsville Iron and Steel Company 81 Tonawanda Iron and Steel Company 46
Poughkeepsie Iron Company 46 Troy Steel Company, The 52
Princess Furnace 101 Trussville Furnace Mining and Manufacturing Company. 21
Pulaski Iron Company 102 Tutwiler Coal, Coke and Iron Company 22
Punxsutawney Iron Company 82
Union Iron Company 41
Reading Iron Company 82 Union Iron Works 52
Rennie Iron Company, The (Radford Iron Company) 102 .
Page. Page.
Calumet 28 Hamilton 57
Carbon 63 Hecla 55-80
Carbonate 25-46 Hector 65
Carnegie 92 Henry Clay 71
Carondelet Scotch 42 Hinkle 105
Catoctin 36 Hubbard Scotch 53
Cedar Point 45
Champion 41 Iroquois
29
Charlotte 45-65 Isabella 61
Chattanooga 91 Ivanhoe 101
Cherokee 27-52
Jefferson 93
Cherry Valley 54
Jenifer 18
Chesnut Grove C. B 64
Joanna 78
Chickies 64
Citico 91
Kemble 66
Clifton 17 Kirkland 46
Clinton 65 Kittanning 78
Coleraine 66
Covington 101 Lackawanna 78
Cranberry 52 Lady Ensley 19
Crane 66 Lawrence 56
Crane L. P 66 Lebanon Valley 79
Crown Point 44 Leesport 79
Crozer 104 Lehigh 79
Liberty 101
Dayton 91 Lincoln 55
De Bardeleben 20 Longdale 101
D. I. F 37 Lorain 56
Dora 104 Low Moor 101
Douglas 55-65
Dover 58-93 Mabel 81
Dunbar 66
Macungie 73
Durham 66
Maiden Creek 80
Mannie 90
Marshall 78
Edith 61 Martel 39
Eliza 77 Mary Ohio Scotch 58
Elk Rapids 37-40 Mill 29
Ella 81 Minerva 107
Embreville 92 Mont Alto 80
Emma 53-79 Mt. Vernon 54
Emporium 77 Muirkirk 36
Ensley 20 Musconetcong 43
Etna. 27-62
Etowah 17 Napier 91
Eureka 21 Niagara 46
Everett Basic 77 Nittany 73
Parry 63
Falling Spring 63
Paxton 81
F. N 104
Peerless 29
Pencost 56
Gaylord 38 Peninsular 39
Gem 94 Pequest 43
Gertrude 107 Phenix 46
Girard 55 Philadelphia 19
Globe 55 Phoenix 54
Grafton 59 Pine Grove 87
Graham 103 Pioneer 18-39-40-81
Grand Rivers 35 Poughkeepsie 46
Greensboro 52 Princess 101
Greenwood '9 Punxy 82
.
Page.
Page.
Rebecca 78 Sterling Scotch ^9
Richmond . . 36 Stewart
Rising Fawn 28 Stickney 36
River 55 Swede 77
Riverside 58-105
Talladega ^^
Roanoke 102
Tassie Belle
94
Robesonia 87
Temple .... 88
Rockhill 87 ^''^^''^^'''
Thomas 89
Rock Run 17
*"
Rockwood 91 Tonawanda
Top Mill 105
Rome 27 . . .
Topton 73
Salem Trussville 21
102 . .
Salisbury Tuscarawas 58
25-46
Sarah 59
Co., Det. 41
Secaucus U. I.
44 52
Seneca Union
59
Sewauee 92 Vanderbilt 22
Sharpsville 87 88
Vesta
Sheffield 19 60
Vesuvius
Shelby 19 Victoria 96
Shenandoah 94 Viking 63
Sheridan 81 Virginia 1^1
Sidney 107 Vulcan 39-81
Silver Spring 81
Sligo 42 Warwick 89
Sloss 19 Watts 35
South Pittsburg 92 Wharton 44
Spathite 20 Wheeler. 62
Spearman 87 Williamson 18
Spring Lake 41 Woodstock 24
Star 59 Woodward 24
Star and Crescent 94 Wyebrooke 82
Bradley, T. and I. and Sons 121 Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron and Coal Company, Ltd., The. . 117
Carnforth Hematite Iron Company, Ltd 115 Harrison, Ainslie and Company, Ltd 115
Chatterley- Whitfield Collieries, Ltd 120 Heath, Robert and Sons, Ltd 120
Clay Cross Company 112 Hickman, Alfred, Ltd 121
Clay Lane Iron Company, Ltd 125 Hingley N. and Sons, Ltd
, 121
Cochrane and Company 123 Holwell Iron Company, Ltd 115
.
S. R. Church. 5
Page. Page.
Islip Iron Company 118 Roberts, William, Ltd 122
Round Brothers 122
Kettering Iron and Coal Company, Ltd 118 122
Russell, John and Company, Ltd
Kirk Brothers and Company, Ltd Ill
Samuelson, Sir B. and Company, Ltd 127
Leeds Steel Works, Ltd., The 126
Seaton Carew Iron Company, Ltd., The 114
Lilleshall Company, Ltd 119
Shakespeare, William 116
Lonsdale Hematite Smelting Company, Ltd Ill
Sheepbridge Coal and Iron Company, Ltd., The 113
Lowmoor Company, Ltd 126
Shelton Iron, Steel and Coal Company, Ltd 120
Lowther Hematite Iron Company, Ltd Ill
Skinningrove Iron Company, Ltd 127
Madeley Wood Company 119 Stafford Coal and Iron Company, Ltd 120
Midland Coal, Coke and Iron Company, Ltd 120 Stanton Ironworks Company, Ltd 113
Millom and Askam Hematite Iron Co., Ltd., The 111-115 Staveley Coal and Iron Company, Ltd 113
Moss Bay Hematite Iron and Steel Company, Ltd 112
Tees-Bridge Iron Company, Ltd., The 114
New Cransley Iron and Steel Company Ltd 118 Thomas, George and Richard 122
Newton, Chambers and Company, Ltd 126 Tredegar Iron and Coal Company, Ltd 117
Normanby Ironworks Company, Ltd 127
North Eastern Steel Company, Ltd 127 Walker, Maynard and Company 128
North Lincolnshire Iron Company, Ltd., The 110 Weardale Iron and Coal Company, Ltd 114
North Lonsdale Iron and Steel Company, Ltd 115 Wellingborough Iron Company, Ltd 118
North Western Hematite Steel Company, Ltd., The 112 Westbury Iron Company, Ltd 123
West Yorkshire Iron and Coal Company, Ltd 128
Oakes, James and Company 113 Whitehaven Hematite Iron and Steel Company, Ltd 112
Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company, Ltd 114 Whitehouse, H. B. and Sons 122
Park Gate Iron and Steel Company, Ltd 127 Whitwell, William and Company, Ltd 114
Patent Bolt and Nut Company, Ltd . . . : 117 Wigan Coal and Iron Company, Ltd 115
Phipps, Pickering (Exrs. of) 118 Williams, Philip and Sons 122
Pyle and Blaina Works, Ltd 117 Willingsworth Iron Company, The 122
Wilsons, Pease and Company 128
Redbourn Hill Iron and Coal Company, Ltd 116 Workington Hematite Iron and Steel Company, Ltd. . 112
Renishaw Iron Company 113
Rhymney Iron Company, Ltd 117 York Road Iron Company, The 128
B. S. Basic 127
Darwen 115
B. S. Hematite 127 D.D.D 112
B. S. Newport 127 Denby Iron Co HI
Butlin 118 Derwent HI
Butterley 112 Distington HI
123 Doncaster 116
B-V
.
Page. Page.
Fenton 120
F. I. Co., Lim. (cold blast) 126 127
P. G. Lincoln
Finedon 118
P. N. B. Co 117
Frodingham 116
Priorfield 122
FS-Ayrsome FS 126
Redbourn AUmine H^
G. D. C 120
128
Redcar
G. & R. T. Special 122
Reedlands HI
Granville 120
Renishaw H^
Grazebrook (cold blast) 121
R.H.& S 120
G. W. L , 128
' 119
Ridsdale Hematite
Rixons W'boro' 118
H Ayrsome, E. H 126 Roberts Tipton Green 122
Harrington Ill Round Hange 122
Hatherton 122 Round Tividale 122
H. C. M 112
Heath & Sons 120
S. B. Yorkshire 123
Hematite 114
Seaton Basic 114
Holwell 115
Seaton Carew 114
Sheepbridge 113
Islip 118
Shelton 120
Skinningrove 127
Jarrow 114 Solway Ill
SS-Ayrsome SS 126
Kettering 118 Stanton 113
K.H 115 Star 117
K. H. H 115 Staveley , . 113
K. H. S 115 S. V. H 121
L. S. W 126
Victoria 117
S. R. Church.
Page. Page.
Index to Illustrations.
Page. Page.
Crane, No. 2 X 67
34
Peerless (Iroquois)
Crane Iron Works, Lehigh Canal and General View of. . 68
Punxsutawney Furnace (Ready for the Cast) 84
Empire Building, New York (Offices of Empire Steel Punxsutawney Furnace, Worm's Eye View of 86
and Iron Co.) 95 Punxsutawney Iron Grading
, 85
"Punxy," No. 2 83
Gartsherrie, No. 1 132
Sterling Scotch (Iroquois) 33
Henry Clay, Carbonized 71
Index Miscellaneous.
Page.
Analysis of Iron in Mixture, by Wm. Christie Herron 9
Pig Iron Impurities, Grading, etc., by W. T. Shepard
;
11
Production of Pig Iron in the United States 13
American Pig Iron Stocks 14
Imports of Pig Iron into the United States, 1871-1899 14
Production of Pig Iron in the United States, Great Britain and Germany,
1889-1899 ; . IB
ANALYSIS OF IRON IN MIXTURE.
In foundry practice where pig alone is used the No. 2 Foundry Grade is the most
popular in making ordinary castings because it contains usually the most accommodating
It is the belief of many that better results are obtained using No. 2 Soft with No. 3
Foundry, and different brands, if in affinity. Here the silicon in the No. 2 Soft will
approximate 3% and in the No. 3 Foundry, 2%, giving the No. 2 Foundry Grade average
of 2^% silicon.
It is quite superfluous to say that the percentage of silicon to be used depends upon
Silicon acts upon the carbon causing a change from the combined to the graphitic
state. Low silicon results in more combined carbon, less graphite and castings more or
less hard. Higher silicon produces more graphite, less of the combined carbon and softer
castings.
It is in this change produced by silicon that the carbon becomes more graphitic and
that small expansion into a trifle more bulk is wherein the shrinkage is overcome.
GRAPHITE
Retards fluidity.
MANGANESE-
Closes grain, increases shrinkage and adds strength.
SUI.PHUR-
Promotes blowholes, weakens the metal, increases shrinkage.
PHOSPHORUS-
SIIvICON
Promotes fluidity, decreases shrinkage, reduces strength.
When you want strength never get the Silicon and Phosphorus high at the same time.
PIG IRON;
The ordinary impurities whicli are found in Pig Iron are silicon, sulphur, phosphorus,
manganese, combined and graphitic or free carbon. There are rarely any other elements
entering into pig iron in sufficiently large amounts to warrant consideration. The
aggregate of impurities in ordinary foundry iron rarely reaches 10%, the remainder of
course is metallic iron.
Each impurity mentioned above has its own individual way of influencing the character
of resultant castings, and also of changing the nature of the pig iron. On this account
the physical appearance of pig iron varies. To the layman pig iron is pig iron, but
the consumer must know the character of the iron he is using. The most common way
in the past has been for a consumer to continue using the brand and grade with which
he has been familiar, and to depart from it only with fear and trembling, after the trial
of a sample lot of other iron.
Every blast furnace has a most makers of foundry iron cling
name, and up to date
to the old-fashioned rule of thumb method of grading, which is by physical appearance
of fracture. There is no question but that this method is better than no grading at all,
but it is very misleading and inaccurate. It is a rough approximation at the only true
way, namely, by chemical analysis.
One general scheme of grading obtains all over the United States, but a slight differ-
ence exists between Northern and Southern furnaces. The grades of the former generally
are about as follows No. Ix, No. 2x, No. 2 Plain, No. 3, Grey Forge, Mottled and White;
:
of the latter No. 1 Fdy., No. 2 Fdy., No. 3 Fdy., No. 1 Soft, No. 2 Soft, Silvery, No. 4 or
Grey Forge, Mottled and White.
The only difference between the Northern and Southern systems of grading is that
No. Ix is more open grained than No. 1 Fdy., and that the No. 2x and 2 Plain grades
united make the Southern No. 2 Fdy.
While No. No. 2 Soft, and Silvery grades of foundry iron are quite common
1 Soft,
at Southern furnaces on account of the stock used and method of operating the furnaces,
they are so uncommon in the North that should any be made they are usually absorbed
in Ix, 2x or 2 Plain as the case may be.
In order to grade by fracture the iron is broken the most open grained iron and
;
that which carries a uniform open grain to the outside of the pig, is called No. Ix; the
slightly closer grained and that which has a still closer grained band running around the
outside of the pig, is called No. 2x; 2 Plain has either a uniform closer fracture than the
2x or else it has a fracture like the 2x at the top of the pig (i. e. toward the flat side) and
12 Analyses of Pig Iron
is considerably closer at the bottom.No. 3 is uniformly closer than No. 2 Plain. Grey
Forge has a hard appearance, is usually honeycombed on the face or top of the pig, and
frequently has a slight band or wire chill around the edge. Its grain is slightly closer
than No. 3.
Mottled iron is so called because that describes it. It is of mottled appearance and
is really No. 6 grade. White iron, or No. 6 is white and rings when struck with a
hammer.
The difference in these grades, all made by the same furnace from the same stock, is
due to thechemical constituents. If the consumer knew what he needed and what he
didn't want chemically he would have no use for the grading described above. In other
words, the laboratory should do the grading.
easy to see how the system of grading by fracture was founded. Instead of being
It is
assorted on account of the beneficial or injurious impurities which it contained and which
could be found out only by means of chemists and laboratory, it was sorted by the ap-
pearance of the iron, which features were caused by its chemical constituents. It goes
without saying that if one knows the agent that causes a condition it is unnecessary to
inquire into the condition, particularly when the latter is quite obscure. For instance,
an expert furnaceman can tell by a glance whether or not it is high in sul-
at his iron
phur. He knows its character so well that if it comes out by fracture light colored, hard
and brittle and of a Grey Forge, Mottled or White grade, he immediately concludes that
it is high in sulphur. No one but the chemist can tell how much sulphur is in the
iron. It is dangerous for a foundryman to use too high sulphur iron, and so Grey Forge
always used to be sent to rolling mills alone. If by means of analysis (the fracture being
Grey Forge) it is found that the sulphur is not too high, the iron is suitable and desirable
for use in the grey iron foundry. High sulphur is the curse of foundrymen, but excess sul-
phur in castings is attributable 99 times out of 100 to the fuel used in the foundry. Too
much sulphur causes weak, light colored, brittle and very shrinky castings. The amount
of sulphur that can be safely carried in castings of different character must be deter-
mined in each case by physical and chemical tests in conjunction. For general castings
it is wise to have sulphur kept below .07%. Some authorities maintain that such cast-
ings as cylinders are not injuriously affected if the sulphur is .08 or .09%.
Graphitic Carbon is a softener but if in excess amount will cause dirty castings on
account of the iron being too rich. This can be corrected by using No. 4 pig or scrap in
the mixture.
Silicon is a softener and fluidizer when used moderately, but if in excess it has a
tendency to harden. The exact amount for different work is determined by experience.
Phosphorus is a fluidizer and if in excess weakens the iron materially.
Manganese has a tendency to close the grain of iron, and yet it really operates as a
softener. This is undoubtedly due to its affinity for sulphur if at a high heat, so that it
really acts as a flux.
tS". R. Church. 13
Production of Pig Iron in the United States, from 1896 to 1899, by States.
States. 1896.
Massachusetts
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
Georgia
Alabama
Texas
West Virginia
Kentucky
Tennessee
Ohio
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Missouri
Colorado
Total
^4 Analyses of Pig Iron
Total Furnace and American pig iron warehouse stocks January 1st of each year were as follows:
1898 1,042,882
1899 659,621
1900 142,781
IMPORTS OF PIG IRON INTO THE UNITED STATES IN THE YEARS NAMED, INCLUDING
SPIEGELEISEN, FERRO=MANGANESE AND FERRO=SILICON.
Gross Tons.
1871 219,228
1875 74,939
1880 700,864
1885 146,740
1890 134,955
1891 67,179
1892 70,125
1893 54,394
1894 15,582
1895 53,232
1896 56,272
1897 19,212
1898 25,152
1899 40,372
S. R. Church.
Production of PIG IRON in the United States, Great Britain and Germany
YEARS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
.
6'. R. Church. n
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ALABAMA
Alabama Consolidated Coal and Iron Company, Birmingham, Jefferson County.
Stacks, 2 at Ironaton, Talladega County 1 at Gadsden, Etowah County, and 1 at Birming-
;
ham, Jefferson County. Total capacity, 150,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, red
and brown hematite. Brands, "Clifton" and "Etowah."
.76 .75
Manganese 1.10 1.25 1.30 1.35 1,35 1.00 to to
1.25 1.00
.35 .35 .35 .85 .35 .35 .35 .35
Combined Carbon to to to to to to to to
.50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .60 .60 .60
This company makes all grades of iron ranging in phosphorus from .17 to .50 and sulphur from .01 to .09.
Bass Foundry and Machine Company, Rock Run, Cherokee County. Rock Run
Furnace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 15,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, local brown
hematite. Brand, " Rock Run."
Silicon 1.600
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
i8 Analyses of Pig Iron
ALABAMA (Continued)
No. 1. No. 2.
Silicon 3 40 ,
Phosphorus .80
Sulphur
Manganese 1 . 20
S. R. Church. 19
ALABAMA (Continued)
Sheffield Coal, Iron and Steel Company, Sheffield, Colbert County. Sheffield
Furnaces. Stacks, 3. Total capacity, 255,000 tons per year. Fuel, Alabama and Virginia
coke. Ores, Alabama and Tennessee brown hematite. Brand, " Sheffield."
No. 1
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
20 Analyses of Pig Iron
ALABAMA (Continued)
Silicon 3 498.
Phosphorus . 795
Sulphur 033
Manganese 1 . 344
Combined Carbon . 182
Graphitic Carbon 3 220.
Silicon, under 1 GO
.
No. 1
Foundry.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon
6". K. Church. 21
ALABAMA (Continued)
No. 2
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
.
ALABAMA (Continued)
No 1 FOUNDRY VANDERBILT.
6". R. Church. 23
ALABAMA (Continued)
ALABAIMA (Continued)
No. 2
Sundry.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
6". R. Church. 25
COLORADO
Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, The Pueblo, Pueblo County. Stacks, 3.
Total capacity, 200,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, linionite and magnetite.
CONNECTICUT
Barnum-Richardson Company, East Canaan, Litchfield County. Canaan Furnaces.
Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 10,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, Salisbury brown
hematite. Brand, "Salisbury."
No. 2. No. 3.
Silicon 1.600
Phosphorus .290
Sulphur 025
Manganese 620 .
CONNECTICUT (Continued)
No. 3 CARBONATE
No. 4 CARBONATE
26y-,
GEORGIA.
Ai,ABAMA AND GEORGIA Iron Companv, Cedartown, Polk County. Stacks, 1. Capac-
ity, 25,000 tons per year. Fviel, Charcoal (only). Ores, red and brown hematite. Brand,
" Cherokee."
Grade by Fracture.
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5.
Note. Corrected analyses furnished by Rogers, Brown & Co., Cincinnati. October 6, 1900.
CONNECTICUT (Continued)
No. 2.
..
GEORGIA (Continued)
Southern Mining Company, Rising Fawn, Dade County. Rising Fawn Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 36,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, brown and red. Brand,
" Rising Fawn."
No. 1
Foundry.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
5. R. Church. 2g
ILLINOIS (Continued)
Ores, Lake Superior, Gogebic, and Minnesota for Bessemer pig iron, and foreign.
Southern, and Western for spiegeleisen and ferromanganese.
Malleable Basic
Bessemer. Bessemer. Open Hearth.
Silicon 750 to 1.50 .75 to 2.00 not over .75
Phosphorus 065 to .09 .10 to .20 .75 to 1.50
Sulphur below 05 . below . 05 below . 05
Manganese .75 .60 to 1.40 .75 to 1.25
Iroquois Iron Company, South Chicago, Cook County. Iroquois Furnace. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 80,000 tons per year. New furnace building, estimated annual capacity after
completion of second furnace, 180,000 tons. Fuel, coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brands,
"Iroquois," "Sterling Scotch," "Peerless'' and "Mill."
, Iroquois
No. L No. 2. No 3. Sterling Scotch. Peerless. Mill.
Silicon 2.25 to 2,50 1.75 to 2.25 1.35 to 1.75 2.50 to 3.00 3.00 to 3.50
Phosphorus 30 to .40 .30 to .40 .30 to .40 .30 to .40 .30 to 40 . .30 to .40
Sulphur 02 to .05 .02 to .05 .02 to .06 .02 to .04 .02 to .04 .04 & up.
Manganese 40 to .60 . 40 to .60 .40 to .60 .40 to .60 .40 to .60 .40 to .60
JO Analyses of Pig Iron
ILLINOIS (Continued)
No. 1 IROQUOIS
^. R. Church.
31
ILLINOIS (Continued)
No. 2 IROQUOIS
32 Analyses of Pig Iron
ILLINOIS (Continued)
No. 3 IROQUOIS
S. R. Church. 33
ILLINOIS (Continued)
ILLINOIS (Continued)
PEERLESS (IROQUOIS)
5. R. Church. Jj
KENTUCKY
Ashland Coal and Iron Railway Company, Ashland, Boyd County. Ashland
Furnaces. Total capacity, 50,000 tons per year.
Stacks, 3. Fuel, raw coal and coke.
Ores from Bath County. Brand, " Ashland.''
Columbian Land and Mining Company, The Grand Rivers, Livingston County.
Grand Rivers Furnaces. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 45,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal.
Ore, local brown hematite. Brand, "Grand Rivers."
Means & RUvSSELL Iron Company, Greenup County. Bellefonte Furnace. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 4500 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, limonite. Brand, " Bellefonte."
Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company, Middlesborough, Bell County. Watts
Furnaces. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 75,000 tons per year. Fuel, Middlesborough coke.
Ores, fossil and hematites. Brand, "Watts.''
Graphitic Carbon 3 47 .
36 Analyses of Pig Iron
MARYLAND
Blue Mountain Iron and Steel Company, Catoctiu, Frederick County. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 35,000 tons per year. Fuel, Coanellsville coke. Ore, local hematite. Brand,
" Catoctin."
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 1. No. 2.
Soft. Soft.
MASSACHUSETTS
Richmond Iron Works, Berkshire County. Stacks, 1 at Richmond, 1 at Van
Deusenville and 1 at Cheshire. Total capacity, 15,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal.
Ore, brown hematite. Brand, "Richmond."
MICHIGAN
Antrim Iron Company, Mancelona, Antrim County Antrim Furnace. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 30,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, Lake Supeior. Brand, "Antrim."
2.000 1.750 1,500 1.250 1.000 .750 .550 400 .300 .200 .100 .000
Silicon to to to to to to to to to to to to
2.300 2 000 1.750 1.500 1.250 1.000 750 .550 .400 .300 .200 .100
.182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182
Phosphorus to to to to to to to to to to to to
.212 .212 .212 .212 .212 .212 .212 .212 .212 .212 .212 .212
Sulphur 014 .014 .014 .014 .014 .014 .015 .015 .015 .015 .016 .016
Manganese 686 .686 .686 .686 .652 .652 .525 .525 .309 .309 .151 .098
Combined Carbon. . .400 .400 400 .400 .550 .550 .830 .830 .950 .950 1.280 1.760
Graphitic Carbon .. . 3.420 3.420 3.420 3.420 3.310 3.310 2.9702.970 2.620 2.620 1.750 1.090
Elk Rapids Furnace, Elk Rapids, Antrim County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 25,000
tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, " Elk Rapids."
MICHIGAN (Continued)
Gaylord Iron Company, Detroit, Wayne County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 12,000 tons
per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ores, Ivake Superior specular, magnetic, and hematite. Brand,
" Gaylord."
No. 1. No. 2.
Silicon 1 , 850
Phosphorus .170
Sulphur 008
Manganese . 500
Combined Carbon .... . 600
Graphitic Carbon .3 . 300
..
.S. R. Church. 39
niCHIQAN (Continued)
Martel Furnace, St. Ignace, Mackinac County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 21,000 tons
per year. Fuel, charcoal.^ Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, "Martel."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
Pioneer Furnace, Gladstone, Delta County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 72,4.3G tons per
year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, " Pioneer."
GRADING CARD.
SILICON.
Grades. Average ^i Variation ^
MICHIGAN (Continued)
GRADING CARD.
PIONEER.
Grade. Silicon. Chill test of pig.
A Scotch 2 60 to 2.90
.
Phosphorus 15 to .220
Manganese 30 to .700
Sulphur Trace to .018
k9. R. Church. 41
niCHIQAN (Continued)
Spring Lake Iron Company, The Fmitport, Muskegon County. Fruitport Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 29,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand,
"Spring Lake."
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5.
MINNESOTA
DuLUTH Furnace Company, West Duluth, St. Louis County. West Duluth Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 50,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville and Pocahontas coke.
Ore, Mesabi.
Bessemer.
Silicon 1 . 500
Phosphorus . 085
Sulphur 020
Manganese . 600
...
MISSOURI
McNair and DeCamp, South St. Louis. Missouri Furnace. Stacks, 1. Capacity,
")0,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville coke. Ores, Iron Mountain and Cherry Valley.
Brand, " Carondelet Scotch."
No. 1. No. 2.
Silicon . . . ?, . 000 1 . 50 to 2
Phosphorus. 400
Sulphur. . . .005
Manganese .400
S. R. Church. 43
Empire Steel and Iron Company, Oxford, Warren County, Oxford Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 30,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and Connellsville coke.
Ore, magnetic. Brand, "Oxford."
New Jersey Zinc Company, The Hudson County. Hudson County Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 9000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal.
New Jersey Zinc Company, The Newark, Essex County. Newark Furnaces.
Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 10,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke.
PequeST Furnace, Oxford, Warren County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 25,000 tons per
year. Fuel, anthracite coal and Connellsville coke. Ores, New Jersey magnetic
and foreign. Brand, " Pequest."
Wharton Furnace, Port Oram, Morris County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 50,000 tons
per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, Hibernia (New Jersey) magnetic and
Lake Superior hematite. Brand, " Wharton."
No. 1 X.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon 3 850
. 3 650
. 3 55
.
S. R. Church. 4S
Capacity, 80,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, "Buffalo."
No. 1 X. No. 2 X. No. 2 No. 3 Scotch.
Plain.
Burden Iron Company, The Troy, Rensselaer County. Stacks, 2. Total capa-
city, 50,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, magnetic from Northern
New York ; hematite and carbonate from Eastern New York, and Lake Superior.
Cedar Point Furnace, Port Henry, Essex County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 36,000
tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, Old Bed Lake Champlain and New
Bed Bessemer Lake Champlain. Brand, " Cedar Point."
No. 2 Plain.
Silicon 1,700
Phosphorus 1 590 .
Sulphur .023
Manganese Trace.
Combined Carbon . 250
Graphitic Carbon 2 940 ,
Capacity, 18,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, local hematite with
a mixture of Lake Champlain and Lake Superior magnetic. Brand, " Charlotte."
No. 1.
Silicon 3.436
Phosphorus .872
Sulphur 024
Manganese 078
.
Silicon 30800
.
Phosphorus 12700
,
Sulphur 0274
.
Manganese 9700
.
Phenix Furnace, Millerton, Dutchess County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, oOOO tons per
year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, Salisbury from Salisbury Mine at Ore Hill. Brand, "Phenix."
charcoal. Ores, roasted carbonate from Amenia, New York, and Kelley, Amenia, and
Shaker hematites. Brands, " Salisbury " and "Carbonate."
Analysis of this iron is the same as that made by this company at their furnace at Chapinville, Conn. See page 25.
Niagara
No. 1 X.
Silicon
Phosphorus . .
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
S. R. Church. 47
Silicon .60
Phosphorus 2 25.
Sulphur .03
Manganese 1 . 50
Union Iron Works, Buffalo, Erie County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 91,250 tons per year.
Fuel, Walston or Connellsville coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, " Union."
No. 1. No. 2 X.
Silicon 2.400
Phosphorus .400
Sulphur :. .013
Manganese . 390
Combined Carbon 430
.
OHIO
American Steel and Wire Company oe New Jersey, Cleveland, Cuyahoga
County. Emma Furnace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 80,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connells-
ville coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, " Emma."
Andrews and Hitchcock Iron Company, The Hubbard, Trumbull County. Hub-
bard Furnaces. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 150,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville
coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, " Hubbard Scotch."
No. 1. No. 2.
Silicon 2 600
. 2 250
.
No. 1
Silicon
Phosphorus ....
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
Brier Hill Iron and Coal Company, Youngstown, Mahoning County. Grace
Furnace No. 2. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 100,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville coke.
Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, " Brier Hill."
Average analysis.
Silicon 1.250
Phosphorus .093
Sulphur .022
Manganese . 750
Combined Carbon . 300
Graphitic Carbon 3 650
.
54 Analyses of Pio fron
OHIO (Continued)
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
. .
OHIO (Continued)
Capacity, 100,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand,
"Girard."
Bessemer. Mill.
Capacity, 7500 tons per year. Fuel, coal and coke. Ore, native. Brand, "Globe."
High vSilicon.
Silicon 10.440
Phosphorus .660
Sulphur Trace
Mangane.se . 6.^0
Hecla Iron and Mining Company, near Ironton, Lawrence County. Hecla Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 9000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal and coke. Ores, Lake Superior
and Hanging Rock limestone. Brand, "Hecla."
Silicon 610
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
^6 Aiialyses of Pig Iron
OHIO (Continued)
X.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese ... .
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
S. R. Church. 57
OHIO (Continued)
Means, Kyle and Company, Hanging Rock, Lawrence County. Hamilton Furnace.
Stacks,!. Capacity, 25,000 tons per year. Fuel, Pocahontas coke. Ores, native and Lake
Superior. Brand, " Hamilton."
Silicon
5" Analyses of Pig /rot
OHIO (Continued)
Silicon 1 00 to 2 00
. .
Phosphorus under 10 .
Sulphur under 05
Manganese . .50 to .75
Ohio Iron and Steel Company, The Lowellville, Mahoning County. Mary Fur-
nace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 100,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville coke. Ore, Lake
Superior. Brand, " Mary Ohio Scotch."
No. L
Silicon ^ ;i.l50
Phosphorus 425
Sulphur .018
Manganese 1 . 200
Combined Carbon . 250
Graphitic Carbon 2 970
.
Ohio Mining and Manufacturing Company, The (leased to Miller, Wagoner and
Fieser Company), Shawnee, Perry County. New York Furnaces. Stacks, 2. Total
capacity, 45,000 tons per year. Fuel, coal and coke. Ores, native and Lake Superior.
Standard Bessemer.
OHIO (Continued)
Sarah Furnace, Ironton, Lawrence County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 40,000 tons per
year. Fuel, West Virginia coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand, "Sarah."
Bessemer.
Phosphorus .080
Sulphur .008
Manganese 400
Graphitic Carbon 4 000
.
Capacity, 18,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore, native Brand, " Star."
Bessemer. Basic.
Silicon .
6o Analyses of Pig Iron
OHIO (Continued)
Capacity, 3000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal (cold blast). Ore, native limestone. Brand,
" Vesuvius."
No. 1. No. 2.
Silicon
6". R. Church. 6f
OREGON
Oregon Iron and Steel Company, Oswego, Clackamas County. Oswego Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 15,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, brown hematite.
Brand, " Oregon."
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown Iron Works, Allentown, Lehigh County. Stacks, 2. Total capacity,
60,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, magnetic, Lake Superior and
local hematite. Brand, "Allentown."
Analyses of Pig Iron
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
American Steel Hoop Company, West Middlesex, Mercer Couuty. Fannie Fur-
nace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 36,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore, Lake Superior.
Brand, " Wheeler."
Atlantic Iron and Steel Company, Newcastle, Lawrence County. Atlantic Fur-
naces. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 72,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore, Lake Superior.
Brand, " Etna."
Bessemer.
Graphitic Carbon 2 50 to 8 25
. .
Berlin Iron Works, Gleniron, Union County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 2500 tons per
year. Fuel, charcoal (cold blast). Ores, hematite and fossil.
Average analysis.
Silicon 690
Phosphorus . 236
Sulphur .038
Manganese . 294
Combined Carbon , 926
Graphitic Carbon 2 . 741
Total capacity, 226,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke Ores, local and
foreign hematite and magnetic.
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Capacity, 3000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal (cold blast). Ore, foreign as a basis. Brand,
" Boiling Springs."
Carbon Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., Parryville, Carbon County. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 38,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, hematite, magnetic,
Lake Superior and foreign. Brands, "Carbon," " Parry " and " Viking."
Average analysis.
Nos.1 X and 2 X.
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Carnegie Steel Company, Ltd., The Allegheny County. Stacks, 17. Total
capacity, 2,200,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville coke. Ores, Pennsylvania, Lake
Superior and foreign.
Average analysis.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese .
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon .
^. R. Church. ^5
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
No. 1
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
(>6 Analyses of Pig Iron
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Average analysis.
city, 40,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal. Ores, hematite and magnetic. Brand,
" Coleraine."
Capacity, 38,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, hematite, magnetic
and foreign. Brand, "Durham."
Foundry. Mill.
Silicon ,
1.50to3.00 .50tol.50
Phosphorus . 50 to . 70 . 50 to . 70
Sulphur 01 to .03 .01 to .06
Empire Steel and Iron Company, Catasaqua, Lehigh County. Crane Furnaces.
Stacks, Total capacity, 135,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores,
4.
Lake Superior, Port Henry and Chataguay. Brands, "Crane" and "Crane L. P."
No. IX. io. 2X.
Silicon 2.722
Phosphorus .793
Sulphur 015
Manganese . 360
Combined Carbon .150
Graphitic Carbon 3 550
. :! . 400 3 .000 3 100
. 3 600
.
6". R. CliiiTch.
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
NO. 1 X crane;.
NO. 2 X CRANE.
68 Analyses of Pig Irot
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
feSLo. - ^. ^
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Empire Steel axd Iron Company, Reading, Berks County. Henry Clay Furnaces.
Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 36,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ore,
very rich fossil. Brand, " Henry Clay."
Silicon 2 25 to 4 50
. .
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Empire Steel and Iron Company, Macungie, Lehigh County. Macungie Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 20,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and Connellsville coke.
Ore, native hematite. Brand, " Macungie."
ISfo. 1.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
74 Analyses of Pig Iron
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
No. 1 X NITTANY.
S. .R Church. 75
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
6". R. Church. //
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Silicon
Phosphorus.
Sulphur
Manganese . . . .
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon
. .
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Joanna Furnace, Berks County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 15U0 tons per year. Fuel,
charcoal. Ores, local magnetite and hematite. Brand, "Joanna."
No. 1.
Silicon
Phosphorus , ,
Sulphur . . . .
Manganese
Total Carbon
5. R. Church. 79
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Foundry.
Silicon 4 740
,
Phosphorus . 384
Sulphur 029
Silicon 1 . 50 to 3 50 .
Phosphorus . 03 to . 06
Sulphur 02 to .08
Manganese .20
Combined Carbon . 20 to 1 . 00
Graphitic Carbon 1 . 25 to 3 25 .
Capacity, 18,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal. Ores, local hematite and magnetic.
Brand, " Leesport."
Lehigh Zinc and Iron Company, South Bethlehem, Northampton County. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 5400 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Brand, " Lehigh."
Lehigh Steel and Iron Company, AUentown, Lehigh County. Stacks, 2. Total
capacity, r)7,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores, Lehigh County and
Lake Superior hematite and New Jersey magnetic. Brand, " Lehigh."
Logan Iron and Steel Company, Lewistown, Mifflin County. Emma Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 12,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, Lake Superior red hematite,
carbonate, and red fossiliferous. Brand, " Emma."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
This company make five grades of Cold Blast charcoal pig iron all of which are used in the manufacture of chilled car
wheels, chilled rolls, etc., and isgraded by the broken granular surface into Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 or mottled and white iron.
So Analyses of Pig Iron
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
McCoy and Linn, Milesburg, Centre County. Hecla Furnace. Stacks,!. Capacity,
1800 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal (cold blast). Ore, hematite from Nittany Valley.
Brand, " Hecla."
Average analysis.
Silicon 790
Phosphorus 1 . 025-
Sulphur 020
Manganese . 650
Combined Carbon , 600
Graphitic Carbon 2 930.
Mont Alto Iron Works, Mont Alto, Franklin County. Mont Alto Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 10,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, brown hematite. Brand,
"Mont Alto."
Silicon 1.510
Phosphorus .090
Sulphur 020
Manganese 850.
Carbon 4.030
Total capacity, 73,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore, Lake Superior.
"Acme."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
.
S. R. Church. 8i
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
coke. Ores, various kinds. Brands, " Paxton " and " Silver Spring."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron
Silicon 1 50 . Low
Phosphorus below .10 .03 .20 to .25
Sulphur below .05 .03 below .05
Silicon 1.080
Phosphorus 108
.
Sulphur 023
Manganese 1 . 360
Combined Carbon . 500
Graphitic Carbon 3 010
.
Pickands, Mather and Company, Alice Furnace at Sharpsville and Ella Furnace
atWest Middlesex. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 156,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore,
Lake Superior. Brands, " Alice " and " Ella."
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Capacity, 5400 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal (cold blast). Ores, magnetic and hematite.
Brand, " Wyebrooke."
No. 1.
Silicon 464
Phosphorus . 312
Sulphur .026
Manganese 861
.
Silicon
Phosphorus.
Sulphur. . .
Manganese.
S. R. Church. 83
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
No. 2 "PUNXY."
s^ Analyses of Pig Iron
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
li* ^^
^ - -f -* ', -v "^
"^ ^' ^ i: g 0)
a "^ u N^'\V "^^ W v^-v^v *^ -
^ il' w to i
.j::ijii.%\vvwvv^
PUNXSUTAWNEY FURNACE.
Ready for the Cast.
S. R. Church. 85
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
FURNACE.
WORM'S EYE VIEW OF PUNXSUTAWNEY
^
6'. R. Church. S/
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
Low Phosphorus.
Silicon 3 000 to 3 500
. .
Phosphorus . 020
Sulphur .010
Manganese None
Combined Carbon .... .083
Graphitic Carbon :! . 140
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
LOW PHOSPHORUS.
Grade No. 1. Guaranteed, Phosphorus not to exceed .03; Silicon not to exceed 1.00 and
Sulphur not over .030.
Grade No. 2. Guaranteed, Phosphorus from .031 to .040 Silicon and Sulphur as above.
;
Grade No. 8. Guaranteed, Phosphorus from .041 to .050; Silicon and Sulphur as above.
REGULAR BESSEMER.
Guaranteed, Phosphorus not to exceed .10 ; Silicon 1.00 to 1.50 and Sulphur not over .050.
Susquehanna Iron and Steel Company, Vesta, Lancaster County. Vesta Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 25,000 tons per year. Fuel, anthracite coal and coke. Ores,
hematite and magnetite. Brand, " Vesta."
^. R. Church. 89
PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)
No. 1 X.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon .
go Analyses of Pig Iron
TENNESSEE
Buffalo Iron Company, Mannie, Wayne County. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 36,000
tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, local brown hematite. Brand, " Mannie."
Average analysis.
TENNESSEE (Continued)
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese ....
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon
. .
TENNESSEE (Continued)
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Cowan, Franklin County. Sewanee
Furnace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, r)4,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, soft red fossil-
iferous and brown hematite. Brand, "Sewanee."
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, South Pittsburg, Marion County.
South Pittsburg Furnaces. Stacks, Total capacity, 175,000 tons per year.
'\. Fuel, coke.
Ores, brown hematite and hard red fossiliferous. Brand, " South Pittsburg."
No. 1
Soft.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
5". R. Church. pj
TENNESSEE (Continued)
White, Dixon and Company, Bear Spring, Stewart County. Bear Spring Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 4000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal (cold blast.) Ore, brown hema-
tite. Brand, " Dover."
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.
TEXAS
Jefferson Iron Company, Jefferson, Marion County. Jefferson Furnace. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 13,500 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ores, local brown, fossiliferous and car-
bonate. Brand, "Jefferson."
GRADING CARD.
Grades. Average Silicon.
2.25;; to 2.75;;;
1.60;; to 2.3()'.
1.60;; to 2.25;;
1 . 50;; to 2 00;;
.
1 . 50;; to 1 .
90'.
This company makes iron suitable for malleable, car-wheel and foundry purposes.
Old Alcalde Furnace, Rusk, Cherokee County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 10,000 tons
per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, brown hematite. Brand, " Old Alcalde."
TEXAS (Continued)
Star and Crescent Iron Furnace, Rusk, Cherokee County. Stacks, 1. Capacity,
18,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ores, brown hematite. Brand, " Star and Crescent."
Average analysis.
Silicon 2.050
Phosphorus .668
Sulphur 003
Manganese Trace
Combined Carbon 580.
VIRGINIA
Big Stone Gap Iron Company, Big Stone Gap, Wise County. Stacks, 2 (one in
blast). Capacity, 36,500 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore, fossil. Brand, " Big Stone
Gap."
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5.
Empire Steel and Iron Company, Shenandoah, Page County. Gem Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 36,000 tons per year. Fuel, Pocahontas coke. Ore, brown hematite.
Brand, " Shenandoah " (" Gem ")
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. Grey Basic
Forge. Bessemer.*
VIRGINIA (Continued')
rEilSiPrrTTT^l
tS ^^ ^
fiTfC EE pg ,
^
rr rr bt EC C ^
..^
C I
" { tt II tt
TB ti EE BB i
.H
VIRGINIA (Continued)
Empire Steel and Iron Company, Goshen, Rockbridge County. Victoria Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 45,000 tons per year. Fuel, New River coke. Ores, native brown
(limonites.) Brand, " Victoria."
No. 1
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon
S. R. Church. 97
VIRGINIA (Continued)
VIRGINIA (Continued)
VIRGINIA (Continued)
VIRQINfA (Continued)
VIRGINIA (Continued)
Liberty Furnace, Shenandoali County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 15,000 tons per year.
Fuel, charcoal. Ore, local limonite. Brand, " Liberty."
Basic.
Capacity, 25,000 tons per year. Fuel, Pocahontas coke. Ores, local brown hematite and
limonite. Brand, " Ivanhoe."
VIRGINIA (Continued)
STo. 2
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon.
S. R. Church. loj
VIRGINIA (Continued)
Virginia Iron, Coai. and CokK Company, Graham, Tazewell County. Graham
Furnace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 40,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, fossil and hema-
tites. Brand, " Graham."
Average analysis
Foundry.
Silicon 2.90.3
Phosphorus 449
Sulphur 037
Manganese . 392
Combined Carbon . 170
Graphitic Carbon .... 3 130
.
Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company, Radford, Montgomery County. Radford
Furnace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 40,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, limonite and
mountain.
No. 1 No. 2 No. 2 No. 3 No. 3 Forge.
X. X. Plain. X. C.
Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company, Reed Island, Pulaski County. Reed
Island Furnace. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 2500 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal (cold blast).
Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company, Bristol, Washington County. Bristol
Furnace. Stacks, Capacity, 45,000 tons per year.
1. Fuel, coke. Ores, brown hematite
and fossil. "
Brand, Bristol."
No. 2
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon .
..
VIRGINIA (Continued)
Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company, Roanoke, Roanoke County. Crozer
Furnaces. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 90,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, Oriskany,
limonite and mountain. Brand, "Crozer."
No. 1
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
(
National Tube Company, Ben wood, Marshall County. Riverside Furnace. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 80,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brand,
"Riverside."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
Wheeling Steel and Iron Company, Wheeling, Ohio County. Stacks, 2. Total
capacity, 150,000 tons per year. Fuel, Connellsville coke. Ore, Lake Superior. Brands,
"Belmont" and "Top Mill."
Standard Bessemer.
Silicon . .
",
1.50 to 2.50
Phosphorus. not to exceed 10 .
( ( (I (
Sulphur . . .05
WISCONSIN
Ashland Iron and Steel Company, Ashland, Ashland County. Hinkle Furnace.
Stacks, 1. Capacity, 45,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, Gogebic. Brand,
" Hinkle."
No. 1 Foundry. No. 2 to No. 6 Foundry. Scotch.
GRADING CARD
Grades. Average Silicon.
The grades from No. 3 " Low " to No. (i, both inclusive, are governed by the grain and chill of the pig in preference to
the analysis.
" Special Cylinder," " Special Share," and other extra foundry grades to suit requirements.
" Hinkle Cold Blast." Special product made in small quantities.
io6 Analyses of Pig Iron
WISCONSIN (Continued)
WISCONSIN (Continued)
No. 5
'
Low "
' Nearly white
No. 5 "High" All white
No. 6 White iron
BaglE Furnace, Spring Valley, Pierce County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 22,000 tons
per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ore, brown hematite.
Average analysis.
Silicon , 75 to 1 , 50
Phosphorus ,18 to ,22
Manganese ,60 to ,80
Combined Carbon ,30 to .70
Graphitic Carbon 2 60 to 2 70
, .
Silicon 2.25 and above 1 . 750 and above 1 , 25 and above 1 00 and above
Sulphur .04 and below . 045 and below . 05 and below . 06 and below
Silicon
Phosphorus
ENGLAND
. . "
CUMBERLAND
Bain, Jas. and Company, Harrington. Brand, "Harrington."
Silicon 2.50 to 3.00
Phosphorus .04
Sulphur .04
Cammel, Chas. and Company, Ltd., Maryport and Workington. Brands, "Sol-
way ''
and " Derwent
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
Millom and Askam Hematite Iron Company Ltd., The Millom. Capacity,
250,000 tons per year.Fuel, Durham coke. Ores, Hpdbarrow and other Cumberland and
Furness hematites. Brands, "Millom Hematite" and "Askam Hematite."
No. 1.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur . . .
112 Analyses of Pig Iron
CUMBERLAND (Continued)
Moss Bay Hematite Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., Workington. Brand,
"Mosbay."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
Silicon 2 640
, 2 580
, 2 380
.
DERBYSHIRE
BuTTERLEY Company, Ltd., Alfreton. Brand, " Butterley."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
Clay Cross Company, near Chesterfield. Brands, "C x C" and "Clay Cross."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
Denby Iron and Coal Company, Ltd., near Derby. Brands, " Denby Iron Co." and
"D. D. D."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
6". R. Church. iij
DERBYSHIRE (Continued)
Sheepbridge Coal and Iron Company, Ltd., The Chesterfield. Fuel, coal
and coke. Ores, Oolitic of Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire. Brand, "Sheepbridge."
Foundry.
Silicon 3.00
Phosphorus 1 . 45
Sulphur .03
Manganese .75
Combined Carbon . . .60
Graphitic Carbon 2 60.
Staveley Coal and Iron Company, Ltd., near Chesterfield. Brand, "Staveley."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
DURHAM
Bell Brothers, Ltd., Clarence Iron Works, Middlesbrough. Furnaces, built 12,
blowing 10. Capacity, 320,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ore, Cleveland ironstone.
Brand, " Clarence."
No 1. No. 3. No. 4 No. 4 Mottled. White.
Foundry. Forge.
DURHAM (Continued)
No. 1.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
.S. R. Church. iig
LANCASHIRE
Barrow Hematite Steel Company, Ltd., Barrow-iti-Furness. Brands, " B. H. "
and "B. H. S."
No. 1. No. 2. White.
Darwen and Mostyn Iron Company, Ltd., Darwen. Brand, " Darwen."
Harrison, Ainslie and Company, Ltd., Ulverston. Brands, "Lorn" (cold blast)
and "Backbarrow."
North Lonsdale Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., Ulverston. Brands, "Ulvers-
ton," "U. H. M.," and"U. V. C."
Wigan Coal and Iron Company, Ltd., Wigan. Brands, "K. H.," "K. H. H." and
"K. H. S."
LEICESTERSHIRE
LINCOLNSHIRE.
Appleby Iron Company, Ltd., Frodingham. Brand, "Doncaster."
Sulphur 05 to .07
Manganese 1 . 50 to 2 50 .
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese ....
Graphitic Carbon
-
MONMOUTHSHIRE
Blaenavon Company, Ltd., Blaenavon. Brand, " Blaenavon " (cold blast).
Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron and Coal Company, Ltd., The Ebbw Vale R. S. O.
Ore, Bilbao Rubio. Brands, "Ebbw Valee" and "Victoria."
, Bessemer.
No. 1. No. 2. No. :i No. 4
Foundry.
Patent Bolt and Nut Company, Ltd., Cwmbran, Newport. Brand, " P. N. B. Co."
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
BuTLiN, Thos. and Company, Ltd., Irthlingborough Iron Works, Wellingborough.
Capacity, 48,000 tons per year. Fuel, coal and coke. Ore, brown hematite (a hydrated
sesquioxide). Brand, "Butlin."
No. 1. Mottled.
New Cransi^Ey Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., Kettering. Brand, ''Cransley."
NORTHUHBERLAND
Armstrong, Sir W. G., Mitchell and Company, Ltd., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Brand, " Ridsdale Hematite."
Silicon 2 100 to 2 40
. .
Phosphorus . 035 to . 04
Sulphur 020 to .04
Manganese 1 024
.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
Bestwood Coal and Iron Company, Ltd., Bestwood, near Nottingham. Capacity,
80,00U tons per year. Fuel, Nottingham coal, with a little Derbyshire and Yorks coke.
Brand, "Bestwood."
Silicon 2.70
Phosphorus 1.10
Sulphur 04
Manganese .40
Combined Carbon .15
Graphitic Carbon 3 20
.
SHROPSHIRE
Foster, W. O., Madeley. Brand, " Madeley Court."
LillESHall Company, Ltd., Shifnal. Capacity, 30,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke.
Brands, " Lilleshall Lodge " (C, B.) and " Lilleshall H. B."
Cold Blast.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic Carbon.
Madelev Wood Company, near Iroubridge. Brand, " Madeley Wood Co."
STAFFORDSHIRE, NORTH
BuTTERLEY Company, Ltd., Stoke-on-Trent. Brand, " W. S. S."
No. 4.
Silicon 1.350
Phosphorus 1 . 531
Sulphur 046
Manganese 1 . 481
Combined Carbon 695
.
Heath, Robert and vSons, Ltd., Tunstall and Stoke-on-Trent. Brands, "Heath &
Sons " and " R. H. & S."
Shelton Iron, Steel and Coal Company, Ltd., Stoke-on-Trent. Brands, "Gran-
ville " and " Shelton."
Stafford Coal and Iron Company, Ltd., Stoke-on-Trent. Brand, " Fenton."
STAFFORDSHIRE, SOUTH
Bassano, W. and Company, Corngreaves, Birmingliam. Brands, " Corngreav " (cold
blast) and " Lion."
Bradley, T. and
Could not obtain analysis of
I. and Sons, Darlaston. Brand, O <>
this iron.
Bradley, Thos. and Isaac, Ltd., Bilston. Brand, "Three Brands " (Round Pigs).
Earl of Dudley, TnEBrierley Hill. Brands, " L N F" (cold blast), " LN F-
DU D," "L N F-XX" and "Coneygree."
Grazebrook, M. and W., Netherton Iron Works, Dudley. Capacity, 6766 tons per
year. Fuel, S. Staffs, thick coal, open hearth coked. Brand, " Grazebrook" (cold blast).
Hickman, Alfred, Ltd., Wolverhampton. Brands, " B. F. M." and " S. V. H."
HinglEy, N. and Sons, Ltd., near Dudley. Brand, " Old Hill."
Roberts, Wm., Ltd., Tipton. Tipton Furnaces. Capacity, 60,000 tons per year.
Fuel, hard coke. Brand, " Roberts Tipton Green."
Silicon .75
Phosphorus 3 00 .
Sulphur .07
Manganese .... 1 . 50
Round Brothers, Tividale, Tipton. Brands, "Round Tividale" and "Round Hange."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron
Thomas, George and Richard, Bloxwich, near Walsall. Brands, " G. & R. T.
Special," " Hatherton," and "Wall End."
Whitehouse, H. B. and Sons, Bilston. Brands, " Priorfield" and " Walbrook."
Williams, Philip and Sons, Wednesbury Oak Works, Tipton. Capacity, 7500 tons
per year. Fuel, coke. Brand, "W. O." (cold blast).
Silicon , . 1 . 00
Phosphorus .50
Sulphur .08
Manganese .56
Combined Carbon .50
Graphitic Carbon 2 50.
Silicon 2 10.
Phosphorus o 53.
Sulphur .04
Manganese 1 . 00
Combined Carbon .43
Graphitic Carbon 2 74.
S. R. Church. 123
WILTSHIRE
Westbury Iron Company, Ltd., Westbury. Brand, " Westbury."
WORCESTERSHIRE
Cochrane and Company, Dudley Wood, Dudley. Brands, "Woodside" and
"C. &C."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
YORKSHIRE
BoLCKOW, Vaughan and Company, Ltd., Middlesbrough. Fuel, coke. Brands,
" B-V," " S. B. Yorkshire," " Cleveland " and " Lackenby."
, B-V .
Brown, John and Company, Ltd., Sheffield. Capacity. 700 tons per week. Brand,
"Atlas."
Cargo Fleet Iron Company, Ltd., Middlesbrough. Brand, " Cargo Fleet."
No. 3.
Silicon 2.54
Phosphorus 1 . 60
Sulphur .02
Manganese .66
Combined Carbon .13
Graphitic Carbon 3 55.
124 Analyses of Pig Iron
YORKSHIRE (Continued)
YORKSHIRE (Continued)
Clay Lane Iron Company, Ltd., South Bank, R. S. O. Brand, "Clay Lane.
White.
Silicon 1 300
.
Phosphorus... 1.530
Sulphur .045
Manganese . 300
Combined Carbon 2 900
.
YORKSHIRE (Continued)
This Company's output is all used by themselves for the manufacture of bar iron.
Farnley Iron Company, Ltd., Leeds. Brand, " F. I. Co., Lim." (cold blast).
GjERS, Mills and Company, Middlesbrough. Brands, " H Ayrsome, E, H " "Ayr-
some " " FS Ayrsome FS " and " SS Ayrsome SS "
Leeds Steel Works, Ltd., The Hunslet, Leeds. Capacity, 105,000 tons per year.
Fuel, Durham and Yorkshire cokes. Brand, " L. S. W." (Bessemer Basic Pig Iron.)
Average analysis.
Silicon .60
Phosphorus 2 60.
Sulphur .05
Manganese 1 . 75
Combined Carbon 2 85.
Newton, Chambers and Company, Ltd., near Sheffield. Capacity, 26,000 tons per
year. Fuel, coal and coke. Brand, " Thorncliffe."
No. 1 No. 3
Foundry. Foundry.
Phosphorus 1 . 08 1 . 02
Sulphur ,04 .04
Manganese .52 .59
Combined Carbon Trace . 38
Graphitic Carbon 3 54, 3 20.
"
S. R. Church. isj
YORKSHIRE (Continued)
Park Gate Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., Rotherham. Brand, "P. G. Lincoln."
No. 3.
Silicon 2.90
Phosphorus 1 50
Sulphur .03
Manganese .65
Combined Carbon ... 08
Graphitic Carbon ... 3 05
128 Analyses of Pig Iron
YORKSHIRE (Continued)
No. 1. No. 3.
Silicon 2,33
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon
SCOTLAND
S. R. Church. 131
AYRSHIRE
Baird, Wm. and Company, Ltd., Kilwinning. Fuel, raw coal. Brand, " Eglinton."
f Hematite , Foundry
No. 1. No. 3. No. 4. No. 3.
Dalmellington Iron Company, Ltd., Dalmellington (by Ayr). Brand, " Dal-
mellington."
No. 1.
Silicon 2 93 ,
Phosphorus 1 . 25
Sulphur .03
Manganese 1 , 22
Combined Carbon ,63
Graphitic Carbon 2 80 .
Glengarnock Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., The- -Glengarnock and Stevenston.
Stacks, 12. Total capacity, 200,000 tons per year. Fuel, Splint coal. Brand, " Glen-
garnock."
No. 1. No. 3.
LANARKSHIRE
Baird, Wm. oatbridge.
sherrie."
No. 1.
Silicon 2.500
Phosphorus .040
Sulphur 015
Manganese ,340
Combined Carbon ,250
Graphitic Carbon 3 150
.
132 Analyses of Pig Iron
LANARKSHIRE (Continued)
No. 1 GARTSHERRIB.
S. R. Church. 133
LANARKSHIRE (Continued)
CoLTNESS Iron Company, Ltd., Newmains, N. B. Brands, " Coltness " and"Colt-
ness Hematite."
No. 1 Coltness.
Silicon 3.430
Phosphorus . 984
Sulphur .022
Manganese 1 . 580
Combined Carbon .200
Graphitic Carbon 3 450
.
Dixon, Wm., Ltd., Coatbridge and Glasgow. Brands, " Calder," " Govan Hematite "
"
and Govan."
DuNLOP, James and Company, Ltd., Tolcross, near Glasgow. Brand, "Clyde."
No. 1. No. 3.
Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., Wishaw. Brand, " Wishaw."
Silicon 1.680
Phosphorus 642
.
Sulphur 021
Manganese 1 .
740
Combined Carbon 750
Graphitic Carbon 2 990
.
'34 Analyses of Pig Iron
LANARKSHIRE (Continued)
Merry and Cuninghamk, Ltd., Coatbridge. Brands, "Carnbroe" and " M. and C."
Carnbroe.
Silicon 2.93
Phosphorus 1.12
Sulphur 03
Manganese 1.51
Combined Carbon .76
Graphitic Carbon 2 90 .
No. 1. No. 3.
Silicon 2 75 . 2 80
.
SuMMERLEE AND MosSEND Iron AND Steel COMPANY, LTD., The Coatbridge.
Brand, " Summerlee."
No. 1.
Silicon 2.850
Phosphorus .911
Sulphur Trace
Manganese 1 080 .
STIRLINGSHIRE
Carron Company, Carron, N. B. Fuel, coke. Ore, Scotch black bank ironstone.
Brand, "Carron."
No. 1.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon.
Graphitic Carbon
WALES
..
S. R. Church. 137
CARMARTHENSHIRE
Anthracite Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., near Kidwelly.
DENBIGHSHIRE
Brymbo Steel Company', Ltd., Brymbo, Wrexham. Brand, " Brymbo."
Sparrow, Jas. and Son, near Wrexham. Fuel, coal. Capacity, 17,500 tons per
year. Brand, " Ffrwd" (all mine).
Grey Forge.
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon .
Graphitic Carbon . .
/jc? Analyses of Pig Iron
GLAMORGANSHIRE
Briton Ferry Works, Ltd., Briton Ferry. Brand, " Ferry.''
Average analysis.
Silicon 2 80
.
Phosphorus .05
Sulphur .05
Carbon 3 50
.
DowLAis Iron Company, Dowlais. Brands, " Dowlais " and " Dowlais Cardiff."
Forest Iron and Steel Company, Ltd., Treforest, R. S. O. Brand, " Forest."
Pyle and Blaina Works, Ltd., Pyle, near Bridgend. Brand, "Star."
Wright, Butler and Company, Ltd., Taibach, near Port Talbot. Brand, " Cwm
Avon."
BELGIUM
S. R. Church. 141
ilicon.
1^2 Analyses of Pig Iron
BELGIUM (Continued)
Grivegn^E Iron Works, Grivegnee, Liege. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 30,000 tons per
year. Fuel, coke. Ores, from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
.40 1 . 80 .30 3 50
.
1.50to3.16 1.23 to 1.46 .004 to .031 .41 to .62 .15 to .40 2.55 to 3.67
HouRPES sur Sambre Iron Works, Thuin, Hainaut. Stacks, 2. Total capacity,
44:, 000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, crushed ores from Luxembourg and ores from
Meurthe and Moselle.
40 to . 70 1 . 75 to 2 10
. , 40 to . 50 2 90 to 3 40
. .
Monceau sur Sambre Iron Works, Monceau Hainaut. Stacks, 2. sur Sambre,
Total capacity, 65,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke Ores, clinkers from puddling ovens,
crushed ores from Luxembourg and the east of France (Nancy).
BELGIUM (Continued)
Silicon 2 97 . 2.10
Phosphorus 1 , 42
Sulphur .03
Manganese .66
Combined Carbon .... .14
Graphitic Carbon 3 80.
CANADA
S. R. Church. 147
NOVA SCOTIA
BridgevillE Furnace, Bridgeville, Pictou County. Stacks, 1. Capacity, 7300 tons
per year. Fuel, coke and charcoal. Ores, iron and manganese.
Covild not obtain analysis of this iron.
Londonderry Iron Company, Ltd., The Acadia Iron Mines (near Londonderry),
Colchester County. Stacks, 2. Total capacity, 40,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores,
limonite, carbonate and red hematite. Brand, " Siemens."
No. 1. No. '1. No. 3. No. 4.
Nova Scotia Steel Company, Ltd., Ferrona, Pictou County. Stacks, 1. Capacity,
32,000 tons per year. Fuel, coke. Ores, local brown and red hematite and Newfoundland.
Brand, "Ferrona."
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 1 Soft No. 2 Soft
Foundry. Foundry. Foundry. Foundry. Basic. Hematite. Foundry. Foundry.
Silicon 2.85 2.40 2.150 2.00 .65 1.00 3.75 3.40
Phosphorus 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.00 1.00 .10 1.10 1.10
Sulphur .02 .02 .025 .04 .03 .04 .01 .01
Manganese '.60 .60 .650 .75 1.25 1.75 .60 .60
Combined Carbon .15 .25 .580 .85 .91 .80 .16 .28
Graphitic Carbon 3.68 3.85 3.000 2.65 3.15 3.08 3.50 3.35
Mottled and white iron are off grades.
ONTARIO
Deseronto Iron Company, Ltd., Deseronto. Deseronto Furnace. Stacks,!. Capacity,
12,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ores, American from LakeSuperior and local Canadian.
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
QUEBEC
Canada Iron Furnace Company, Ltd., Radnor Forges, Champlain County. Stacks, 1.
Capacity, 10,000 tons per year. Fuel, charcoal. Ores, lake and bog. Brand, " C. I. F."
Could not obtain analysis of this iron.
Grantham Furnace, 1 St. Francis Furnace, 1. Total capacity, 4000 tons per year. Fuel,
;
/
:
CANADA (Continued)
The output of pig iron in Canada for the past quarter of a century is shown by the
following table:
Tons.
1876 4,000
1876 4,000
1877 13,500
1878 16,000
1879 16,500
1880 .
23,000
1881 18,500
1882 21,500
1883 32,000
1884 29,389
1885 25,770
1886 26,160
1887 39,717
1888 22,209
1889 24,823
1890 25,697
1891 20,153
1892 30,294
1893 46,948
1894 62,522
1895 31,692
1896 32,052
1897 33,254
1898 75,922
1899 100,706
The figures for the last two years are for calendar, and all others for fiscal years.
There were in blast in Canada last year four furnaces, and their respective pig iron
output, compared with that of 1898, was as follows
1899. 1898.
Tons net. Tons net.
The Deseronto Furnace was not put into blast until January, 1899. The output of the
Canada Iron Furnace Company, Radnor Forges, and of the Deseronto Iron Company,
Deseronto, Out., is charcoal pig, and that of the Hamilton Blast Furnace Company, Hamil-
ton, Ont, and of the Nova Scotia Steel Company, New Glasgow, N. S., of the coke
description.
:
DENMARK
worked there, but the quantity of ore was not large nor
in Denmark."
. :
FRANCE
Fuel. Tons.
Coke. .2,542,583
Wood. . 13,762
Mixed . 11,043
Total .2,567,388
Bi^ACK Pig Iron of Garsthevrie, 2.271 0.842 1.267 2.401 1.347 3.156
Total Carbon.
BLAST FURNACES
UPPER SILESIA.
Borsigwerk near Borsigwerk, O. S.
Donnersmarckhiitte near Zabrze.
Friedenshiitte near Friedenshiitte.
Julienshiitte near Bobrek.
Konigl. Hiitte, Gleiwitz.
Bethlen-Falvahiitte near Schwientochlowitz.
Vereinigte Konigs und Eaurahiitte, Berlin, W.
Hubertushiitte near Ober-Lagiewnik.
Redenhiitte near Zaborze.
Tarnowitzerhiitte near Tarnowitz.
WURTEMBERG.
Wasseralfingen, Kgl. Wiirtemberg Hiittenamt.
BAVARIA.
Amberger Hochofen, Amberg.
Maximilianshiitte, Rosenberg Ober-Pfalz.
GERMANY (Continued)
SIEGERIyAND.
Finnentroper Hiitte, Finnentrop i. W.
Gabriel Bergenthal & Co., Germaniahiitte.
Bremerhiitte, Geisweid.
Birlenbacher Hiittegewerkschaft, Birlenbacherhlitte.
Haardter Hiitten Gewerkschaft, Berg & Co. Hardt a. d. Sieg.
Geisweider Eisenwerk, Geisweido.
Act. Ges. Rolandshutte near Siegen.
Hainer-Hiitte, Siegen.
Gewerkschaft Marienhiitte, Eiserfeld near Siegen.
Eiserfelder Hiittengewerkschaft, Eiserfeld.
Eiserner Hiittengewerkschaft, Eisern.
Act. Ges. Charlottenhiitte, Niederschelden.
Brachbacher Hochofengew. Schulte Weber & Co. Brachbach.
Carl von Wittigstein, Friedrichshiitte near L,aasphe.
Act. Ges. Wissener Bergwerke & Hiitten, Briickhofe.
Act. Ges. Heinrichshiitte, Heinrichshiitte near Au.
Coin Miisener Bergwerks. Actien-Verein, Creuzthal.
Gosenbacher Hiittengewerkschaft Gosenbach.
Gewerkschaft der Neu Griinebacher Hutte Griinbach.
Gewerkschaft Herdorfer Hiitte Herdorf.
Gewerkschaft Seelenbergerhiitte, Herdorf.
DIEL-IvAHN (NASSAU).
Buderussche Eisenwerke, Wetzlar.
Eisenwerke Hirzenhain & EoUar, Eollar.
SAAR.
Bur bacher hiitte near Saarbrlicken.
Gebr. Rochling, Volklingen.
Gebr. Stumm, Neunkirchen.
Halbengerhiitte, Brebach.
LORRAINE.
Eothringen Eisenwerke, Ars a. d. Mosel.
Societyanonyme de Acieres d'Angleur Hauts-Fourneaux d'Audin le Tiche, Deutsch Oth de Wendel & Co.
Harjingen, Loth.
Dillinger Huttenwerke, Dillingen Saar.
Rtimelinger Hiittengesellschaft, Oettingen.
W. Lamarche & Co. Mezi^res.
Rombacher Huttenwerke, Rombach.
Gebr. Stumm, Ueckingen.
LUXEMBURG.
Gebr Collart. Steinfort.
Hochofen Act. Ges. Rodringen.
Metz & Co. Eich.
Hiittengesellschaft, Riimelingen.
Eisenhiitten Actien-Verein, Dudelingen.
Aachener Hiitten Actien-Verein, Esch.
S. R. Church. 157
GERMANY (Continued)
It has been impossible to obtain analyses of the pig iron made in this country direct
from the furnaces, but Mr. Frank H. Mason, Consul- General at Berlin gives the following
information under date of December ID, 1899, showing analyses of Standard German grades
of pig iron furnished by Mr F. D. Carney, chemist.
Mixture of
Forge Iron 0.50 1.10 0.42 0.12 0.22 2.60 I
\ German and
( Foreign ores.
Used itl puddling furnaces for
manufacture of wrought iron.
Also used to a limited extent for
mixing with grey foundry irons
to make strong castings.
/3
>
Basic Bessemer Iron 1.25 2.15 0.43 0.05 0.90 2.00 Native Ores.
Mixture of
Acid Bessemer Iron. 2,40 0.05 1.10 0.03 H.20 0.60 Swedish and
Spanish ores.
Used for acid bessemer and
acid open hearth steel manu-
facture.
Mixture of
Foundry Iron 3.00 0.30 0.60 0.04 3.25 0.50 .Spanish and
Native ores.
Used iron castings The
for o
German furnaces try to make a
foundry No.l iron that will make
good castings by mixing with a
the English and Luxemburg
high phosphorus No. 3 pig iron
[Note Low Phosphorus.]
The German blast furnaces are mostly small, producing about 150 tons every 24 hours.
They are, however, beginning to build larger furnaces after the American plan.
^. R. Church. ig
JAPAN
Annual Production of Pig Iron in Japan for the year 1800:
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Manganese
Combined Carbon
Graphitic^Carbon 2 460
. 2 050
. 1.310
Fuel, coke.
:
MEXICO
It has been impossible to obtain analyses from any of the furnaces in Mexico, but
S. R. Church. i6^
The following names of companies making pig iron have been furnished by United
States Consul-General Holloway, at St. Petersburg:
We have been unable an analysis of the iron made by each furnace, but we
to receive
have received the general information that they use timber, coal, coke and petroleum for
fuel, that the principal ores used in producing pig iron are magnetic, brown iron, red
hematite, siderite and clay ironstone, and the following is an average analysis of the iron
made in this country
Silicon 7600
Phosphorus . 1580
Sulphur .0052
Manganese . 3720
RUSSIA (Continued)
English Tons
InAi.1., 212 Private Works. ,..'. 1,329,125 1,492,502 1,724,728 2,075,844 1,251,679
" 233 Privateand Government Works 1,401,385 1,562,617 1,809,703 2,162,742 1,301,858
SPAIN
and
******
local coal as fuel, which they claim cokes well.
" I may say to you that the pig iron made at the Bil-
serious problem."
* *
SWEDEN
S. R. Church. 171
The following information has been furnished by Mess. Joh. Sam. Billing & Son,
Stockholm.
exportation
" " 75,000 to 100,000 "
'
' Malleable purposes 10,643
Total 523,950
1^2 Analyses of Pig Iron
SWEDEN (Continued)
.016 .010
(3;
S. R. Church. 173
CHINA
PORTUGAL
in this country.
SWITZERLAND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
San Francisco Portland Tacoma Seattle
BABBITT METALS
SOLDERS AND GALVANIZING
most highly satisfactory, not only upon the ship while in our hands, but we understand that the metal has continued to
R.
...AGENT...
CHURCH
SANSOME STREETT
Alabama Foundry Coke 307
San Francisco, California ^
. . . Telephone Main 5086
70,000
Puiixy 1 Punxsutawney, Jefferson Co. Pa Lake Superior, hematite and Specular Coke
85,000
, . . .
Macuiig'ie 1 Macungie, Lehigh Co., Pa Native hematite Anth. coal & coke
Dunbar, Fayette Co., Pa
20,000
Dunbar 2 Native, Lake Superior Bessemer and
Specular Coke 100,000
Bristol 1 Bristol, Va.-Tenn Brown hematite and fossil Coke 45,000
tireni 1 Shenandoah, Page Co., Va Local brown hematite Coke 36,000
Victoria 1 Goshen, Rockbridge Co., Va Native brown (limonites) Coke 50,000
Boone 1 Paducah, McCracken Co. Ky Local brown hematite Coke
,
30,000
Watts 2 Middlesborough, Bell Co. Ky Fossil and hematites Coke 75,000
Carnegie Johnson City, Washington Co., Tenn. Cranberry
Enibreville
Napier
1
1
1
Embreville, Washington Co., Tenn .Local brown hematite
Napier, Lewis Co. Tenn Local brown hematite
Coke
Coke
Coke
45,000
45,000
,
30,000
Mannie 2 Mannie, Wayne Co., Tenn Local brown hematite Charcoal 36,000
Greensboro .... 1 Greensboro, Guilford Co. N. C Local magnetic and limonite
, . . .Coke 35,000
Cherokee i Cedartown, Polk Co., Ga Red and brown hematite Charcoal coke. & . 27,000
Rome ... 1 Rome, Floyd Co., Ga Local brown hematite Charcoal 15,000
Talladega 1 Talladega, Talladega Co. Ala Local brown hematite
, Coke 40,000
Trussville 1 Trussville, Jefferson Co. Ala ,Red and brown hematite Coke 30,000
Williamson 1 Birmingham, Jeflferson Co. Ala Red and brown hematite
. . .Coke 18,000
Pioneer 2 Thomas, Jefferson Co., Ala Red and brown hematite Coke 5,000
Vaiiderbilt 1 Birmingham, Jefferson Co., Ala Red fossil and brown hematite Coke 36,000
Attalla 1 Attalla, Etowah Co., Ala Red and brown hematite Charcoal 18,000
Jefl'erson 1 Jefferson, Marion Co Tex Local brown, fossiliferous and carbonate. Charcoal
,
13,500
River 1 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., O Lake Superior Coke 72,000
Belfout 1 Ironton, Lawrence Co., O Lake Superior and native Coke 50,000
.Anchor 1 Oak Hill, Jackson Co., O Native Charcoal 5,000
Globe I Jackson, Jackson Co.,0 Native Coke & coal 7,500
Star 1 Jackson, Jackson Co. ,0 Native Coke 18,000
Wellsfon 3 Wellston, Jackson Co., O Local and Lake Superior Coke 60,000
Hecia 1 Hecla P. O., Lawrence Co., O L. S. and Hanging Rock limestone Charcoal and coke ,000
Madison 1 Rempel, Jackson Co. O Lake Superior Coke
,
5,000
Olive 1 Olive P. O., Lawrence Co., O Native limestone Charcoal 5,000
Vesuvius 1 Pedro, Lawrence Co. O Native limestone Charcoal
,
3,000
Iroquois .. 1 Chicago, Cook Co., Ill Lake Superior Coke 80,000
H inkle .. 1 Ashland, Ashland Co., Wis Gogebic Charcoal 45,000
Salisbury .. 1 Chatham, Columbia Co N. Y , Roasted carbonate from Amenia, New
York, and Kelley, Amenia, and
Shaker hematites Charcoal
5,000
Carbonate Chapinville, Litchfield Co., Conn .. Roasted carbonate from Amenia, New
York, and Kelley, Amenia, and
Total. 55 Shaker hematites Charcoal 4,500
Total 1,844,500
Cf/^c^h j^nU
Cn/-iiirAa//c7 '''^^ *'"'' ""^^ "'' "'^'^^always on hand
rTCSn WUall S ''''
PLUMBAGO
J\ f w Tacts
Regarding
CRUCIBLES FOR MELTING
3. 1). Gauticr % eo. BRASS
STEEL
Mr. Dudley S. Gregory GOLD
and associates about 1847
established in Jersey City
SILVER
the Adirondack Steel
Company. At that time
AND OTHER METALS
Joseph Dixon came to
Jersey City and said he
could make black
crucibles for steel melt-
lead
PLUMBAGO RETORTS,
S. R. CHURCH
AGENT FOR THE PACIFIC COAST
307 SANSOME STREET SAN FRANCISCC^, CAL.
ESTABLISHED 1849
_^^^
T. P. KELLY
544 WEST 22ncl ST., NEW YORK
k CO.
Ceylon Plumbago ^ ^
Graphite, Black Lead
Foundry Facings and
Blackings e^ .^ ^ oj ^
SEA COAL
Our 5ea Cocil rcicincj.s are ground froni riie mos\ ccirefullu .selected
=/ lie'' rilWI ^ ^
'ill
'
' '
'., l\
H. T. SCOTT, President and Treasurer J. O.'B. GUMN, Secretary ROBKRT FORSYTH Engineering Cliief
IRVING M. SCOTT, Vice-President and G. W. DICKIE, Manager WILLIS G. DODD, Mining Engineer
Cieneral Manager
Steamship Builders
DRY DOCK
OFFieE, 222 MARKET ST. ^ ^
WORKS AT POTRERO
^/eN f RANGISeO, CAblfOR^IA
Navy Department,
THE U. S. BATTLESHIP Mr. Hknry T. Scott,
Washington, July 21, 1898.
...THE FOUNDRY...
COSTS ONE
Here's our story-
($) DOLLAR
A YEAR
. . .
boiled down
WORTH TEN
It is the only Foundry Paper in the World.
else.
COSTS ONE
WORTH TEN
THE FOINDRY PIBLISHING CO.
DETROIT, MICHIGAN, I. S. A.
No. i BARROW
No. 3
THORNCLIFFE
CARGO FLEET
IN BOND OR WHITE CLAY LANE
DUTY PAID
^i^mi
FOUNDRY COKE IN CARLOAD LOTS
^ ^ ^
in the world.
ENGLISH FIRE BRICK
SQUARE OR CLOSE!? OR
COMMON SIZE SOAP OR
CROWN
SPLIT
KEY OR
BULLHEAD
SPLIT
2;4or3
AGENT FOR
It requires from 500 to 700 pounds of ground Fire Clay to lay 1000 Bricks.
Fire Brick Dust is generally mixed with Fire Clay in laying Bricks.
N
ENGLISH FIRE TILES
PLAIN
8 inches x 8 inches x 2 inches 24 inches x 12 inches x 2 inches
10 '
;
reduces shrinkage to a
minimum
HKNRY CLAY
ROGERS, BROWN
& COMPANY
have stored in San Francisco
Pig Iron for castings of every
PIG IRON
o)owTw^D)o(5)
o)o(pi
g0^f*fD)o^
"JOSSON" "HACCOURT" "FEDERAL" wofp' 0)0(0
0)O(pW^9oKl
AND
(^,on
R-&5
9oKiW^ 5)0(5 5)0(0 tlf^^
0)o(pMoraD)o(p
GERMAN SYNDICATE COKE RJo (p^ 0(0 a* o (a
Up-to-date The
Equipment is Printing
Necessary for and Stationery
Up-to-date of a house
Printing Cbc Ricks^luaa Company betrays
We its
are Character
Up-to-date and Taste
Printers
Publishers
We Bookbinders Why employ
Publish Books Cheap and
for Authors. Inferior
PORTLAND CEMENT
Teutonia Brand (German) Castle Brand (Belgium)
Hilton's Brand (English)
QIRVIN h EYRE
. . . OKKICES . . .
A. BAIN
SAN FRANCISCO C. W. HANSEN
STOVE WOPKS
HANSEN & BAIN, Proprietors
MANUFACTURERS OF
WESTERN FOUNDRY
MORTON & HEDLEY, Proprietors
BRANCH OFFICES IN
HAWAIIAN LINE
FOR HONOLULU AND OTHER HAA^STAIIAN PORTS
Bk. "KAIULANI," Bk. "OLYMPIC," Bk. "ALBERT," Bk. " C. D. BRYANT," Bk. " S. C. ALLEN," Bk. "DIAMOND HEAD,".Bktn. "IRMGARD,'
Bktn. " S. G. WILDER," Bktn. " PLANTER," Sch. " ROSAMOND," Sch. "ALOHA," Sch. " MARY E. FOSTER,"
Sch. "ALICE COOKE," Sch. "ROBERT LEWERS."
1869
STEIGER
350 MAIN
St KERR
STREET
1900
MANUFACTURERS OF
o)o(o
9ofa
STOVES AND RANGES
9o
AND CASTINGS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS
3oraP>S4P7^
CASTINGS FOR REFINERIES AND SMELTERS A SPECIALTY
Occidental Ranges
The Winsome
The Star Laundry Stoves
The Coast Range
Advance Wood Cook Stoves
The Clifton Ranges
The Progress Gas Attachment